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Antolín B, Torres A, García PA, Bolado S, Vega M. Mechanisms of copper and zinc bioremoval by microalgae and bacteria grown in nutrient rich wastewaters. Chemosphere 2024; 355:141803. [PMID: 38554867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Swine farming produces large quantities of nutrient-rich wastewater, which often contains metals such as Cu and Zn, used as feed additives for pigs. These metals must be removed from the wastewater before discharge but their retention in the biomass can limit its subsequent utilization. Photobioreactors are a very promising alternative for swine wastewater treatment, as the consortium of microalgae and bacteria growing symbiotically in these reactors allows high nutrient and metal removal efficiency at moderate costs. This work studies the mechanisms of removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) by the two types of microorganisms growing in these photobioreactors. A microalga commonly used in wastewater treatment (Scenedesmus almeriensis) and an activated sludge were kept in contact with synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L of Cu and Zn. After 72 h, Scenedesmus almeriensis removed 43% of Cu and 45% of Zn, while activated sludge removed 78% of Cu and 96% of Zn. Single and sequential extractions of the biomasses using different extracting reagents revealed that biosorption on protonable groups is the dominant removal mechanisms. Mild reagents solubilized 69% of Cu and 94% of Zn from the microalgae and 76% of Cu and 93% of Zn from the activated sludge. Low metal concentrations in the oxidizable and residual fractions evidenced minimal bioaccumulation inside the cells. FTIR and ESEM-EDX analysis confirmed biosorption by ion exchange and complexation as the main metal remediation mechanisms. The weak bonds of the biosorbed Cu and Zn ions are beneficial for the valorization of biomass and the obtaining of safe bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Antolín
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Alba Torres
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Pedro A García
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, C/ Dr. Mergelina S/n, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Bolado
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, C/ Dr. Mergelina S/n, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Marisol Vega
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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Vijayan A, Österlund H, Marsalek J, Viklander M. Traffic-related metals in urban snow cover: A review of the literature data and the feasibility of filling gaps by field data collection. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170640. [PMID: 38325463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A literature search on traffic related metals in polluted urban snow revealed a significant volume of references representing a substantive knowledge base. The frequently studied metals in urban snow included Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni. However, comparing metal concentrations across studies proves to be a complex effort due to the variations in site-specific factors among studies, such as traffic intensity, pavement conditions, hydrometeorological conditions, and research method aspects, such as sampling equipment and frequency, and laboratory analytical methods. The literature review indicated that among the commonly studied metals, Zn and Cu indicated potential environmental concerns, and that there was a lack of data on the occurrence and accumulation in snow of antimony (Sb), tungsten (W), and platinum group elements (PGEs). To partly mitigate this knowledge gap, a field study of these elements was carried out by sampling urban roadside snow at six locations with various land use and traffic intensities, focusing on accumulation of these elements in snowbanks along roadways. The results indicated that traffic related activities are the sources of PGEs, W and Sb in roadside snowbanks, as the concentrations of these metals increased with increasing traffic intensity. The mean concentrations of the studied metals followed this descending order: W (0.4 (Reporting limit-RL)-987 μg/l) > Sb (0.1 RL-33.2 μg/l) > Pd (0.02 (RL)-0.506 μg/l) > Rh (0.02 (RL)-0.053 μg/l). In laboratory melted snow, both W and Sb were mostly in the particulate-bound phase, with <25 % in the dissolved phase. For sites with metal concentrations above the detection limit, the regression analysis indicated linear trends in unit area deposition rates of W with time (snow age), described by R2 = 0.94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Vijayan
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Helene Österlund
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Jiri Marsalek
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Viklander
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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Charan K, Bhattacharyya P, Bhattacharya SS. Vermitechnology transforms hazardous red mud into benign organic input for agriculture: Insights on earthworm-microbe interaction, metal removal, and soil-crop improvement. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120320. [PMID: 38377754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Bioremediation of hazardous bauxite residues, red mud (RM), through vermicomposting has yet to be attempted. Therefore, the valorization potential of Eisenia fetida in various RM and cow dung (CD) mixtures was compared to aerobic composting. Earthworm fecundity and biomass growth were hindered in RM + CD (1:1) feedstock but enhanced in RM + CD (1:3). The pH of highly alkaline RM-feedstocks sharply reduced (>17%) due to vermicomposting. N, P, and K availability increased dramatically with Ca and Na reduction under vermicomposting. Additionally, ∼40-60% bioavailable metal fractions were transformed to obstinate (organic matter and residual bound) forms upon vermicomposting. Consequently, the total metal concentrations were significantly reduced with considerably high earthworm bioaccumulation. Microbial growth and enzyme activity were more significant under vermicomposting than composting. Correlation statistics revealed that microbial augmentation significantly facilitated a metal reduction in RM-vermibeds. Eventually, RM-vermicompost stimulated sesame growth and improved soil health with the least heavy metal contamination to soil and crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Charan
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, 815301, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pradip Bhattacharyya
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, 815301, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Satya Sundar Bhattacharya
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784 028, India.
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Vijayan A, Österlund H, Marsalek J, Viklander M. Variation in urban snow quality indicated by three seasonal sampling surveys conducted in Luleå (Sweden) within a span of 27 years. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 260:104286. [PMID: 38150790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), trace metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb), Na and 16 US EPA priority PAHs in urban snow were studied in the City of Luleå in Northern Sweden. Snow was sampled at six central urban and suburban sites with various traffic intensities, in three sampling surveys (1994-95, 2002-03, 2020-21), repeated for three ages of the urban snow cover of 40, 80, and 120 days, respectively. The older data, from the 1994-95 and 2002-03 surveys, were obtained from the existing literature. The concentrations and mass loads of TSS and most trace metals studied (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) varied with time. TSS, Zn, and Cu showed slightly higher concentrations and mass loads in the 2003 (TSS avg = 2300 μg/L, Zn avg = 620 μg/L and Cu avg = 250 μg/L) and 2021 (TSS avg = 1500 μg/L, Zn avg = 530 μg/L and Cu avg = 220 μg/L) sampling surveys, compared to the 1995 survey (TSS avg = 620 μg/L, Zn avg = 240 μg/L and Cu avg = 97 μg/L). However, no evident trend was observed between the 2003 and 2021 sampling surveys. The highest concentrations of Pb and Cd were observed in snow samples from the 1994-95 sampling survey (Pb max = 570 μg/L, Cd max = 4.6 μg/L). Results indicated higher concentrations of the pollutants studied in the city centre, compared to the residential suburbs, and in areas with heavier traffic, where concentrations of metals correlated well with traffic intensity. Fractionation analysis of trace metals indicated that Zn, Cu and Pb occurred mostly in the particulate-bound phase (>0.45 μm) containing the most of Zn, Cu, and Pb mass, at 80, 84 and 94% of the total, respectively. Over 50% of the dissolved phase of Zn and Cu was in the truly dissolved fraction (<3000 MWCO). Concentrations of PAHs also increased with traffic intensity, with pyrene being the most frequently detected PAH, likely because of the strength of sources and various physical processes influencing the snowbanks development and causing spatial and temporal variations in pollutant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vijayan
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - H Österlund
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - J Marsalek
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - M Viklander
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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Harmesa H, Lestari L, Budiyanto F, Purbonegoro T, Wahyudi AJ. Preliminary study of geochemical speciation of copper and nickel in coastal sediments in Surabaya, Indonesia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27711-w. [PMID: 37231129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Surabaya is one of the big coastal cities in Indonesia with rapid municipal development. Thus, the investigation on the metal's geochemical speciation in the coastal sediment is required to assess the environmental quality by studying their mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. This study is aimed at evaluating the condition of the Surabaya coast by assessing copper and nickel fractionations and total concentrations of both metals in sediments. Environmental assessments were performed by using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI) for existing total heavy metal data and by using individual contamination factor (ICF) and risk assessment code (RAC) for metal fractionations. Copper speciation was observed geochemically in the fraction order of residual (9.21 - 40.08 mg/kg) > reducible (2.33 - 11.98 mg/kg) > oxidizable (0.75 - 22.71 mg/kg) > exchangeable (0.40 - 2.06 mg/kg), while the detected fraction order of nickel was residual (5.16 - 13.88 mg/kg) > exchangeable (2.33 - 5.95 mg/kg) > reducible (1.42 - 4.74 mg/kg) > oxidizable (1.62 - 3.88 mg/kg). Different fraction levels were found for nickel speciation wherein its exchangeable fraction was higher than copper, even though the residual fraction was dominant for both copper and nickel. The total metal concentrations of copper and nickel were found in the range of 13.5 - 66.1 mg/kg dry weight and 12.7 - 24.7 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Despite the fact that almost all index values are detected low through total metal assessment, the port area is indicated to be in the moderate contamination category for copper. Through the assessment of metal fractionation, copper is classified into the low contamination and low-risk category, while nickel is categorized into the moderate contamination level and medium risk to the aquatic environment. Although the coast of Surabaya generally remains in the safe category for living habitat, certain sites had relatively high metal concentrations estimated to have originated from anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmesa Harmesa
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia.
| | - Lestari Lestari
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Budiyanto
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Triyoni Purbonegoro
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - A'an Johan Wahyudi
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
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Baran A, Tack FMG, Delemazure A, Wieczorek J, Tarnawski M, Birch G. Metal contamination in sediments of dam reservoirs: A multi-facetted generic risk assessment. Chemosphere 2023; 310:136760. [PMID: 36243080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quality of bottom sediments is a key factor for many functions of dam reservoirs, which include water supply, flood control and recreation. The aim of the study was to combine different pollution indices in a critical generic risk assessment of metal contamination of bottom sediments. Both geochemical and ecological indices reflected that sediment contamination was dominated by Zn, Pb and Cd. The ecological risk indices suggested a high riks for all three metals, whereas human health risks were high for Pb and Cd. An occasional local contamination of sediments with Cr and Ni was revealed, although at levels not expected to cause concerns about potential ecological or health risk. Sediments from the Rybnik reservoir for Cu only revealed a high potential ecological risk. EF turned to be as being the most useful, whereas TRI (∑TRI) was the most important ecological index. All multi-element indices suggested similar trends, indicating that Zn, Pb and Cd taken altogether had the greatest impact on the level of sediment contamination and posed the greatest potential ecological and health risks to organisms. The use of sequential BCR extraction and ecotoxicity analyses allowed for a multi-facetted generic risk assessment of metals in sediments of dam reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Antoine Delemazure
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Jerzy Wieczorek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marek Tarnawski
- University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Gavin Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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Gavrić S, Flanagan K, Österlund H, Blecken GT, Viklander M. Facilitating maintenance of stormwater ponds: comparison of analytical methods for determination of metal pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:74877-74893. [PMID: 35650338 PMCID: PMC9550750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater ponds are widely used for controlling runoff quality through the sedimentation of particles and associated pollutants. Their maintenance requires regular removal and disposal of accumulated material. This necessitates an assessment of material hazardousness, including potential hazard due to its contamination by metals. Here we analyze 32 stormwater pond sediment samples from 17 facilities using several chemical analysis methods (total extraction, sequential extraction, diffusive gradients in thin-films DGT, and pore water extraction) in order to consider the complementarity and comparability of the different approaches. No clear relationship was found between analyses that have the potential to measure similar metal fractions (DGT and either fraction 1 of the sequential extraction (adsorbed and exchangeable metals and carbonates) or pore water concentrations). Loss on ignition (LOI) had a significant positive correlation with an indicator of the environmental risk developed in this paper (∑ranks) that incorporates different metals, speciations, and environmental endpoints. Large variations in metal levels were observed between ponds. As clustering was limited between the different analyses, a comprehensive analysis of different parameters is still needed to fully understand metal speciation and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Gavrić
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Kelsey Flanagan
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Heléne Österlund
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Godecke-Tobias Blecken
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Viklander
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden
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Parthasarathy P, Asok M, Ranjan RK, Swain SK. Bioavailability and risk assessment of trace metals in sediments of a high-altitude eutrophic lake, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:18616-18631. [PMID: 33078359 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ooty lake, in the southern part of India, has raised huge concern about the role of metals in a lake due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Present study is aimed at understanding fate of trace metals in a lake's sediment. Sixteen sediment samples collected from bottom of the lake at various locations during March 2017 were analysed for trace metals cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc. Fe and Mn dominate total metal concentration followed by Ni and Cr. A high concentration of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in residual fraction indicates weathering as the source for these metals. A significant concentration of metals in exchangeable, reducible and oxidisable fraction indicates adsorbtion/chelation of these metals with oxides and organic matter due to change in oxic state. Geo-accumulation index for metals show unpolluted to moderate nature of sediments at all sampling locations. Moderate to significant enrichment factor of Cr, Ni and Zn indicates influence of anthropogenic sources. Co, Pb and Zn show a high amount of bioavailability for aquatic life. Other metals (Cr, Ni, Fe and Mn) show scarce to moderate bioavailability. On the other hand, a global contamination factor denotes moderate to high metal contamination of sediments in the entire lake. Statistical analysis of metals shows good inter-element correlation among metals Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn indicating natural source. Influence of domestic sewage and recreational activities as the main/additional source is revealed by negative loading of Pb and Zn in principal component analysis. The present study, in essence, has identified rock weathering, as a major source of trace meals in the sediments of Ooty lake entering through stream and surface runoff from an adjacent forest area. The study has also identified high bioavailability of Pb and Zn, which is derived through the recreational activities (boating) causing permanent adverse impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Parthasarathy
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur- 603203, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - Manju Asok
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Ranjan
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Swain
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
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Nigam N, Khare P, Ahsan M, Yadav V, Shanker K, Singh RP, Panday V, Das P, Singh A, Yadav R, Tripathi P, Sinam G, Shukla AK, Karak T. Biochar amendment reduced the risk associated with metal uptake and improved metabolite content in medicinal herbs. Physiol Plant 2021:ppl.13393. [PMID: 33713449 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminations of heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in medicinal plants (MPs) not only restrict their safe consumption due to health hazards but also lower their productivity. Biochar amendments in the soil are supposed to immobilize the toxic metals, improve the soil quality and agricultural productivity. However, the impact of biochar on growth attributes, metal accumulation, pharmacologically active compounds of MPs, and health risk is less explored. An experiment was performed on three medicinal plants (Bacopa monnieri (L.), Andrographis paniculata (Burmf.) Nees, and Withaniasomnifera (L.)) grown in a greenhouse in soil co-contaminated with Pb and Cd (at two concentrations) without and with biochar amendments (2 and 4% application rates). The fractionation of Pb and Cd, plant growth parameters, stress enzymes, photosynthetic capacity, pharmacologically active compounds, nutrient content, uptake and translocation of metals, antioxidant activities, and metabolite content were examined in the three MPs. The accumulation of Pb and Cd varied from 3.25-228 mg kg1 and 1.29-20.2 mg kg-1 , respectively, in the three MPs, while it was reduced to 0.08-18 mg kg-1 and 0.03-6.05 mg kg-1 upon biochar treatments. Plants grown in Pb and Cd co-contaminated soil had reduced plant biomass (5-50% depending on the species) compared to control and a deleterious effect on photosynthetic attributes and protein content. However, biochar amendments significantly improved plant biomass (21-175%), as well as photosynthesis attributes, chlorophyll, and protein contents. Biochar amendments in Pb and Cd co-contaminated soil significantly reduced the health hazard quotient (HQ) estimated for the consumption of these medicinal herbs grown on metal-rich soil. An enhancement in secondary metabolite content and antioxidant properties was also observed upon biochar treatments. These multiple beneficial effects of biochar supplementation in Pb and Cd co-contaminated soil suggested that a biochar amendment is a sustainable approach for the safe cultivation of MPs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nigam
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohd Ahsan
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineet Yadav
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Raghavendra Pratap Singh
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Versha Panday
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Paurabi Das
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranu Yadav
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pratibha Tripathi
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Geetgovind Sinam
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Research Group (NBRI), National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Hamid Y, Tang L, Hussain B, Usman M, Liu L, Cao X, Ulhassan Z, Bilal Khan M, Yang X. Cadmium mobility in three contaminated soils amended with different additives as evaluated by dynamic flow-through experiments. Chemosphere 2020; 261:127763. [PMID: 32721697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As arable land has become an important sink for cadmium (Cd), soil is being recognized as a major source of metals to the food chain. It becomes, therefore, essential to investigate metal mobility in contaminated soils and to identify suitable remediation strategies. For this, immobilization of Cd was evaluated in contaminated stagnic anthrosol: S1, gleysol: S2 and fluvisol: S3 under flow through conditions. Ten treatments including control were tested alone or in composite form firstly at natural Cd contents (0.58-0.69 mg kg-1). Here, T2 (lime), T5 (biochar) and T10 (composite amendment) were found better in reducing the Cd concentration in the soils' leachates, so, their efficacy was further investigated in the same soils of higher Cd contents (1 and 2 mg kg-1 imposed by soil spiking). Amendments significantly reduced the leachate metal contents especially in 1 mg kg-1 spiked soils. Characterization of T2, T5 and T10 revealed their structural transformations in all the studied soil types, while active functional groups e.g. C-O, CO, O-H, Si-O-Si, ester and alcoholic groups were notably involved in Cd precipitation or adsorption on amendments surface. Variations in Cd speciation in these soils exhibited the exchange of Cd to more stable fractions with tested amendments. These continuous-flow experiments confirmed the strong efficiency of T2, T5 and T10 in reducing the Cd concentration in the leachate of three soils. This study has strong implications in understanding the role of different amendments in controlling the fate, leaching behavior and immobilization of Cd in diverse soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Lei Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerui Cao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Lange K, Österlund H, Viklander M, Blecken GT. Metal speciation in stormwater bioretention: Removal of particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved metals. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138121. [PMID: 32247141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For comprehensive estimation of the metal treatment efficiency of bioretention systems, information on metal speciation in the stormwater and the effluent is needed. However, so far, most bioretention studies only considered total metal concentrations. Despite their environmental importance, dissolved metals (defined as fractions < 0.45 μm) have only been evaluated in few studies. This study represents the first bioretention study to subdivide the <0.45 μm fraction further by filtration through a 3 kDa ultrafilter (corresponding to appr. 2-3 nm), thus enabling distinction between particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved metals. Higher bioavailability of the truly dissolved fraction has been indicated by previous research, underlining the importance of this study. Since vegetation and salt in stormwater both may be explanatory variables for metal fractionation, these have been added as factors in the utilized full factorial pilot-scale column experiment. While total metal removal was often >95%, detailed fractionation revealed that Cu and (when no salt was added) Zn removal in the <0.45 μm and <3 kDa fractions was significantly lower. Further, mean concentrations of Cu and (in one treatment) Cd in the <0.45 μm effluent fraction did not meet Swedish receiving water quality guidelines. By calculating the particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved fractions, it was shown that bioretention systems affect metal speciation of Cu and Zn. Colloidal and truly dissolved fractions were mostly prevalent in the effluent rather than the influent. Salt affected metal removal mostly negatively. Fractionation was affected by salt mainly in the influent where it increased the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the truly dissolved fraction (no effects on Cu and Pb fractions). In the effluent, Cu and Zn were only slightly affected by salt. Vegetation had mostly no significant effects on metal removal and fractionation. Further integration of detailed metal fractionation into sampling routines in bioretention research is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lange
- Urban Water Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Heléne Österlund
- Urban Water Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Maria Viklander
- Urban Water Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
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12
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Liu J, Ren J, Zhou Y, Tsang DCW, Lin J, Yuan W, Wang J, Yin M, Wu Y, Xiao T, Chen Y. Effects and mechanisms of mineral amendment on thallium mobility in highly contaminated soils. J Environ Manage 2020; 262:110251. [PMID: 32090881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is an extremely toxic element, whose toxicity is even higher than mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. It is of great significance to hinder the migration and transfer of Tl from soils to the plants. A synthetic mineral amendment (SMA), mainly composed of different silicates, was evaluated for its effects on the transformation and retention of Tl in two typical highly Tl-contaminated soils from Southwest China. The results indicated that the addition of mineral amendment increased the soil of the pH by 0.46-2.13 units and distinctly reduced the content of active thallium in the soils. The extent of Tl reduction was related to the morphological characteristics of the original soil In particular, the application of the mineral amendment transformed 25.8-52.5% of the active Tl fractions in the soils to the residual fraction at 60 d. Adding mineral amendment to the soils can provide conditions to facilitate Tl to enter the silicate crystal lattice. The results of XPS evidenced that the proportion of Tl(I) in the soil was greatly reduced after adding the mineral amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiamin Ren
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingfen Lin
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhuan Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Meiling Yin
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Radziemska M, Bęś A, Gusiatin ZM, Cerdà A, Jeznach J, Mazur Z, Brtnický M. Assisted phytostabilization of soil from a former military area with mineral amendments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109934. [PMID: 31740234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of toxic pollutants, soils in former military areas need remedial actions with environmentally friendly methods. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the aided phytostabilization of multi-heavy metals (HMs), i.e. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, in post-military soil by Festuca rubra and three mineral amendments (diatomite, dolomite and halloysite). The amendments were applied at 0 and 3.0% to each pot filled with 5 kg of polluted soil. After seven weeks of the phytostabilization, selected soil properties, biomass yield of F. rubra and immobilization of HMs by their accumulation in plant and redistribution among individual fractions in soil were determined. In addition, ecotoxicology parameters of non-amended and amended soil were established using Phytotoxkit (Sinapsis alba) and Ostracodtoxkit (Heterocypris incongruens) tests. The addition of halloysite significantly increased F. rubra biomass. Diatomite significantly increased both the Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr concentrations in the roots and the pH of the soil. The application of halloysite significantly decreased the Cd and Zn contents of the soil after the completion of the experiment. Dolomite and halloysite were more effective in HM immobilization in soil by decreasing their content in an exchangeable fraction than diatomite. These soil amendments significantly differentiated the length of S. alba roots and had a positive effect on the development of H. incongruens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Radziemska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bęś
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 28, Valencia, 46 010, Spain
| | - Jerzy Jeznach
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Mazur
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 4, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Martin Brtnický
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613-00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612-00, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Søberg LC, Winston R, Viklander M, Blecken GT. Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities. Water Res X 2019; 4:100032. [PMID: 31334495 PMCID: PMC6614605 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The dissolved metal adsorption and association was determined for ten different filter materials recommended and/or implemented in bioretention facilities. Batch adsorption and batch kinetic experiments were performed at lab-scale using both single and multi-metal solutions. Metal strengths and association were determined by sequential extraction analysis. All materials adsorbed metals and 90% of adsorption occurred within 1 h. However, as metal solutions became more complex, adsorption behavior changed. Generally, filter materials classified as sand with a naturally high pH, relatively low organic matter (OM) content and large specific surface area seem to be good choices for removing dissolved metals. Additionally, a chalk additive might improve metal adsorption whereas biochar did not significantly improve metal retention and may be an unwanted (due to degradation over time) extra source of OM. Regardless of filter material, metals primarily adsorbed to the exchangeable form which indicates that metal adsorption might not be permanent, but rather substantially reversible in some cases. More research is needed to assess whether dissolved metals adsorbed in filter materials of bioretention systems pose a delayed threat instead of an immediate threat. Finally, the authors strongly recommend filter materials intended for stormwater bioretention facilities to be tested prior to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila C. Søberg
- Urban Water, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ryan Winston
- Departments of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering and Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America
| | - Maria Viklander
- Urban Water, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
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15
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Kousi P, Remoundaki E, Hatzikioseyian A, Korkovelou V, Tsezos M. Fractionation and leachability of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni in the sludge from a sulphate-reducing bioreactor treating metal-bearing wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:35883-35894. [PMID: 29633190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work presents and discusses experimental results on the characterisation and metal leaching potential of a biogenic, metal-rich sulphidic sludge, generated in a sulphate-reducing bioreactor, operated to treat acidic synthetic solutions bearing Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu. The sustainability of the metal removal bioprocess strongly depends on the fate of the sludge. To propose appropriate management practices, a detailed characterisation of the sludge is necessary. The granulometry, chemical composition and mineralogy of the sludge were initially determined. The mobility of the metals was assessed via a modified Tessier experimental procedure. The leachability of the sludge metal content was determined via a standard compliance method (EN 12457-2) and experiments designed to evaluate the effect of pH and time on metal leaching from the sludge. The sludge metal content sums up to 69.5% dw, namely iron (14.8%), zinc (18.7%), nickel (17.7%) and copper (18.2%) and, based on the criteria set by European Union, the sludge is characterised as hazardous and inappropriate for landfilling without any pretreatment. The sludge consists mainly of very fine poorly crystalline aggregates of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni sulphides. The fine grain size, the poorly crystalline structure and the oxidation of sulphide upon exposure to water/air render the high metal content of the sludge recoverable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Kousi
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zografou, Greece.
| | - Emmanouella Remoundaki
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Artin Hatzikioseyian
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Korkovelou
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Marios Tsezos
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zografou, Greece
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16
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Gu C, Bai Y. Heavy metal leaching and plant uptake in mudflat soils amended with sewage sludge. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:31031-31039. [PMID: 30187402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The leaching and uptake of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by maize (Zea mays L.) in mudflat saline-alkali soils amended by sewage sludge was examined using a greenhouse leaching column experiment. Application of sewage sludge caused decreased pH, increased DOC, and increased Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in leachates. The similar temporal dynamics of DOC and the metal concentrations in leachates suggested complexation of the metals with DOC. There was downward movement of metals as evidenced by the metal enrichment in the bottom layer (20-40-cm depth) of leaching columns (p < 0.05). The enrichment of metals was contributed by the acid-soluble/exchangeable fraction (EX), reducible fraction (RG), oxidizable fraction (OXI), and residual fraction (RES), indicating redistribution of leached metals from the top 20-cm layer. The sewage sludge application also enhanced plant uptake of metals. However, even under the greatest sludge application rate (150 g kg-1), very small proportions, averagely 0.65% and 0.35%, of the applied metals were leached and taken up by maize, respectively, over the experimental period. Long-term field-scale research is warranted for further investigation of the effects of sewage sludge amendment on heavy metal fractionation and distribution in mudflat soil-plant-water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Gu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences|, Appalachian State University, Boone, 28607, USA.
| | - Yanchao Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, China
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17
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Pedersen KB, Jensen PE, Ottosen LM, Barlindhaug J. Influence of electrode placement for mobilising and removing metals during electrodialytic remediation of metals from shooting range soil. Chemosphere 2018; 210:683-691. [PMID: 30031998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrodialytic remediation was applied to a shooting range soil to investigate the influence of electrode placement on the removal and binding of metals during the treatment. The set-up was based on a 2-compartment cell, in which the cathode was separated from the soil by a cation exchange membrane and the anode was placed directly in the soil, thereby introducing protons and oxygen directly in the soil. Mobilisation of metals from less available fractions (oxidisable and residual) in the soil occurred, due to oxidation/dissolution of insoluble/soluble organic matter and possibly metal oxides in the residual fraction. The transport via electromigration out of the soil and/or re-precipitation in other fractions of the soil (oxidisable, reducible, exchangeable) depended on the metal. More than 30% of the initial content of Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and less than 20% of the initial content of Al, Fe, K, Mg, As, Cr and Ni was transported out of the soil. By decreasing the distance between the electrodes from 3.0 to 1.5 cm, the removal of the targeted metal for remediation, Pb, was improved by more than 200%, from 14 to 31%. A similar removal could be achieved in experiments with long distance between electrodes (3.0 cm) by increasing the current intensity from 4 to 10 mA and/or the remediation time from 7 to 35 d. The experiments showed that the design and optimisation of electrodialytic remediation depends on the targeted metal and metal partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Pedersen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Pernille E Jensen
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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18
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Rashid I, Murtaza G, Zahir ZA, Farooq M. Effect of humic and fulvic acid transformation on cadmium availability to wheat cultivars in sewage sludge amended soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:16071-16079. [PMID: 29594901 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The high nutrients and organic matter (OM) content of sewage sludge make it an excellent fertilizer to enhance soil fertility and crop production. However, the presence of adsorbed and precipitated forms of heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd), can be a major problem for such a utilization of sludge. This pot study aims at producing safe food with minimal Cd concentrations from sewage sludge amended soils. Two wheat cultivars (NARC-11 and Shafaq-06) were sown in soil amended with sewage sludge with rates 0, 15 and 30 g kg-1 soil. Application of sewage sludge resulted in enhancement of wheat grain yield while Cd concentrations in wheat grains of both cultivars remained within permissible limits (24.1 to 58.6 μg kg-1 dry weight). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis revealed more spectral changes in fulvic acids than in humic acids, which showed a higher humification degree, making them chemically and biologically more stable for Cd retention. Sequential extraction data of Cd after NARC-11 harvest exhibited a significant decrease in mobile fractions (exchangeable and reducible fractions were reduced by 3.6 and 5.2%, respectively) and increase in immobile fraction (the oxidizable and residual fractions increased by 7 and 1.8%, respectively). It is concluded that sewage sludge application could be useful for the improvement of wheat production due to formation of stable humate complexes and decrease in Cd availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rashid
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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19
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Łukowski A, Dec D. Influence of Zn, Cd, and Cu fractions on enzymatic activity of arable soils. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:278. [PMID: 29651592 PMCID: PMC5897489 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the heavy metal effect on enzymatic activity in acidic soil samples during spring, summer, and autumn. The four metal fractions, acid-soluble and exchangeable (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3), and residual (F4) using BCR method in soil samples, were evaluated. The highest percentage share of zinc and copper was determined in F4 (45.8, 54.9%, respectively) and cadmium in F3 (45.6%). The enzymatic activity in soil was differentiated in seasons. During spring, the significant relationship was noted between F1/zinc/dehydrogenase, during summer F2/cadmium/phosphatase as well as F4/cadmium/dehydrogenase and autumn F3/zinc/dehydrogenase. Fraction F1/zinc/copper influenced phosphatase activity, whereas F3/Zn increased dehydrogenase and F2/Cd protease activity. The results indicate that the heavy metals affected dehydrogenase activity the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Łukowski
- Department of Technology and Environmental Engineering Systems, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Dec
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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20
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Park JH, Wang JJ, Xiao R, Pensky SM, Kongchum M, DeLaune RD, Seo DC. Mercury adsorption in the Mississippi River deltaic plain freshwater marsh soil of Louisiana Gulf coastal wetlands. Chemosphere 2018; 195:455-462. [PMID: 29274991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury adsorption characteristics of Mississippi River deltaic plain (MRDP) freshwater marsh soil in the Louisiana Gulf coast were evaluated under various conditions. Mercury adsorption was well described by pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm models with maximum adsorption capacity of 39.8 mg g-1. Additional fitting of intraparticle model showed that mercury in the MRDP freshwater marsh soil was controlled by both external surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion. The partition of adsorbed mercury (mg g-1) revealed that mercury was primarily adsorbed into organic-bond fraction (12.09) and soluble/exchangeable fraction (10.85), which accounted for 63.5% of the total adsorption, followed by manganese oxide-bound (7.50), easily mobilizable carbonate-bound (4.53), amorphous iron oxide-bound (0.55), crystalline Fe oxide-bound (0.41), and residual fraction (0.16). Mercury adsorption capacity was generally elevated along with increasing solution pH even though dominant species of mercury were non-ionic HgCl2, HgClOH and Hg(OH)2 at between pH 3 and 9. In addition, increasing background NaCl concentration and the presence of humic acid decreased mercury adsorption, whereas the presence of phosphate, sulfate and nitrate enhanced mercury adsorption. Mercury adsorption in the MRDP freshwater marsh soil was reduced by the presence of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn with Pb showing the greatest competitive adsorption. Overall the adsorption capacity of mercury in the MRDP freshwater marsh soil was found to be significantly influenced by potential environmental changes, and such factors should be considered in order to manage the risks associated with mercury in this MRDP wetland for responding to future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Park
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Ran Xiao
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Scott M Pensky
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Manoch Kongchum
- Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Rayne, LA 70678, USA
| | - Ronald D DeLaune
- Department of Oceanography and Costal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Dong-Cheol Seo
- Divison of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
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21
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Braga AFM, Zaiat M, Silva GHR, Fermoso FG. Metal fractionation in sludge from sewage UASB treatment. J Environ Manage 2017; 193:98-107. [PMID: 28192741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the trace metal composition and fractionation in sludge samples from anaerobic sewage treatment plants from six cities in Brazil. Ten metals were evaluated: Ni, Mn, Se, Co, Fe, Zn, K, Cu, Pb and Cr. Specific methanogenic activity of the sludge was also evaluated using acetic acid as the substrate. Among the essential trace metals for anaerobic digestion, Se, Zn, Ni and Fe were found at a high percentage in the organic matter/sulfide fraction in all sludge samples analyzed. These metals are less available for microorganisms than other metals, i.e., Co and K, which were present in significant amounts in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions. Cu is not typically reported as an essential metal but as a possible inhibitor. One of the samples showed a total Cu concentration close to the maximal amount allowed for reuse as fertilizer. Among the non-essential trace metals, Pb was present in all sludge samples at similar low concentrations and was primarily present in the residual fraction, demonstrating very low availability. Cr was found at low concentrations in all sludge samples, except for the sludge from STP5; interestingly, this sludge presented the lowest specific methanogenic activity, indicating possible Cr toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F M Braga
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - G H R Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - F G Fermoso
- Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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22
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Sethurajan M, Huguenot D, Lens PNL, Horn HA, Figueiredo LHA, van Hullebusch ED. Fractionation and leachability of heavy metals from aged and recent Zn metallurgical leach residues from the Três Marias zinc plant (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:7504-7516. [PMID: 26728285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various mineral processing operations to produce pure metals from mineral ores generate sludges, residues, and other unwanted by-products/wastes. As a general practice, these wastes are either stored in a reservoir or disposed in the surrounding of mining/smelting areas, which might cause adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, it is important to understand the various characteristics like heavy metal leaching features and potential toxicity of these metallurgical wastes. In this study, zinc plant leach residues (ZLRs) were collected from a currently operating Zn metallurgical industry located in Minas Gerais (Brazil) and investigated for their potential toxicity, fractionation, and leachability. Three different ZLR samples (ZLR1, ZLR2, and ZLR3) were collected, based on their age of production and deposition. They mainly consisted of Fe (6-11.5 %), Zn (2.5 to 5.0 %), and Pb (1.5 to 2.5 %) and minor concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, and Mn, depending on the sample age. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) results revealed that these wastes are hazardous for the environment. Accelerated Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction clearly showed that potentially toxic heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn can be released into the environment in high quantities under mild acidic conditions. The results of the liquid-solid partitioning as a function of pH showed that pH plays an important role in the leachability of metals from these residues. At low pH (pH 2.5), high concentrations of metals can be leached: 67, 25, and 7 % of Zn can be leached from leach residues ZLR1, ZLR2, and ZLR3, respectively. The release of metals decreased with increasing pH. Geochemical modeling of the pH-dependent leaching was also performed to determine which geochemical process controls the leachability/solubility of the heavy metals. This study showed that the studied ZLRs contain significant concentrations of non-residual extractable fractions of Zn and can be seen as a potential secondary resource for Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Sethurajan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
- NGqA-CPMTC, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - David Huguenot
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Heinrich A Horn
- NGqA-CPMTC, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz H A Figueiredo
- Solos e nutrição de plantas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenida Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Bico da Pedra, Janauba, MG, 39440-000, Brazil
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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Aoun M, Arnaudguilhem C, El Samad O, Khozam RB, Lobinski R. Impact of a phosphate fertilizer plant on the contamination of marine biota by heavy elements. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:14940-14949. [PMID: 26002362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation, metals are important marine environment pollutants, especially in low renewal rate water such as the Mediterranean Sea, receiving a lot of untreated industrial waste. The impact of a phosphate fertilizer plant on the marine biota metal contamination was studied. Several types of organisms: crabs, mussels, patella and fish were collected from two areas of the Lebanese coast, one subjected to the impact of the plant and another away from it; samples were analyzed for Zn, U, Cr, V, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, As, Cd and Pb by ICP-MS. Higher accumulation was in crabs, patella, and mussels. Fish accumulated principally Zn, Cu, and Cd; a difference was observed between species and tissues. Cytosol metal fractionation using size-exclusion LC-ICP-MS showed principally Pb, As, Co, and Mn in the low molecular weight fraction (<1.8 Da); Cd, Zn, and Cu in the metallothionein fraction (1.8--18 k Da), and Ni in high molecular weight fraction (>20 kDa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aoun
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, CNRS/UPPA, Hélioparc, Pau, France.
| | - Carine Arnaudguilhem
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, CNRS/UPPA, Hélioparc, Pau, France
| | - Omar El Samad
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Bou Khozam
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, CNRS/UPPA, Hélioparc, Pau, France
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Alvarez MB, Quintas PY, Domini CE, Garrido M, Fernández Band BS. Chemometric approach to visualize and easily interpret data from sequential extraction procedures applied to sediment samples. J Hazard Mater 2014; 274:455-464. [PMID: 24813665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess metal mobility/availability in coastal surface (oxic) sediment samples from the Bahía Blanca estuary. Particularly, two sequential extraction procedures able to discriminate metals associated to amorphous Fe and Mn oxides and those associated with crystalline oxides of Fe were applied. Sequential procedures differ in the number of steps, type of reagents used, and in the order in which metals associated to organic matter are extracted. The studied metals were Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn because of their hazardous potential and relative abundance in the estuary. Tucker4 model with three factors describes appropriately the data sets (explained variance of 64.05%). This model made it possible to visualize and explain the information underlying in the data set. From the multivariate analysis, it was possible to evaluate the metal behaviour and their availability. In this way, Cd and Zn are associated to the more available fractions whereas Ni, Cr, Cu and Pb are mainly associated to the unavailable fractions. On the other hand, Zn and Cu are associated to organic matter fraction. Despite the fact that the two-fractionation schemes are quite different, the results obtained with both schemes are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Alvarez
- Instituto de Química del Sur, INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET), Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pamela Y Quintas
- Marine Chemistry Laboratory, IADO (UNS-CONICET), Florida 8000, B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia E Domini
- Instituto de Química del Sur, INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET), Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Garrido
- Instituto de Química del Sur, INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET), Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz S Fernández Band
- Instituto de Química del Sur, INQUISUR (UNS-CONICET), Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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