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Akfas F, Elghali A, Toubri Y, Samrane K, Munoz M, Bodinier JL, Benzaazoua M. Environmental assessment of phosphogypsum: A comprehensive geochemical modeling and leaching behavior study. J Environ Manage 2024; 359:120929. [PMID: 38669878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the variations in the geochemical composition of phosphogypsum (PG) destined for storage or valorization is crucial for assessing the safety and operational efficacy of waste management. The present study aimed to investigate the environmental behavior of PG using different leaching tests and to evaluate its geochemical behavior using geochemical modeling. Regarding the chemical characterization, the PG samples were predominantly composed of Ca (23.03-23.35 wt%), S (17.65-17.71 wt%), and Si (0.75-0.82 wt%). Mineralogically, the PG samples were primarily composed of gypsum (94.2-95.9 wt%) and quartz (1.67-1.76 wt%). Moreover, the automated mineralogy revealed the presence of apatite, fluorine and malladrite phases. The overall findings of the leaching tests showed that PG could be considered as non-hazardous material according to US Environmental Protection Agency limitations. However, a high leachability of elements at a L/S of 2 under acidic conditions ([Ca] = 166.52-199.87 mg/L, [S] = 207.9-233.59 mg/L, [F] = 248.62-286.65 mg/L) is observed. The weathering cell test revealed a considerable cumulative concentration over 90 days indicating potential adverse effects on the nearby environment (S: 8000 mg/kg, F: 3000 mg/kg, P: 700 mg/kg). Based on these results, it could be estimated that the surface storage of PG could have a serious impact on the environment. In this context, a simulation model was developed based on weathering cell results showed encouraging results for treating PG leachate using CaO before its disposal. Additionally, PHREEQC was used to analyze the speciation of major elements and calculate mineral phase saturation indices in PG leaching solutions. The findings revealed pH-dependent speciation for Ca, S, P, and F. The study identified gypsum, anhydrite, and bassanite as the key phases governing the dissolution of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akfas
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Elghali
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Youssef Toubri
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Kamal Samrane
- Sustainability & Green Industrial Development, OCP Group S.A, Morocco
| | - Manuel Munoz
- Geoscience Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier- Cedex 5- 34095, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bodinier
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; Geoscience Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier- Cedex 5- 34095, France
| | - Mostafa Benzaazoua
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
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Alnimer AA, Smith DS, Parker WJ. Phosphorus release and recovery by reductive dissolution of chemically precipitated phosphorus from simulated wastewater. Chemosphere 2023; 345:140500. [PMID: 37866501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemically mediated recovery of phosphorous (P) as vivianite from the sludges generated by chemical phosphorus removal (CPR) is a potential means of enhancing sustainability of wastewater treatment. This study marks an initial attempt to explore direct P release and recovery from lab synthetic Fe-P sludge via reductive dissolution using ascorbic acid (AA) under acidic conditions. The effects of AA/Fe molar ratio, age of Fe-P sludge and pH were examined to find the optimum conditions for Fe-P reductive solubilization and vivianite precipitation. The performance of the reductive, chelating, and acidic effects of AA toward Fe-P sludge were evaluated by comparison with hydroxylamine (reducing agent), oxalic acid (chelating agent), and inorganic acids (pH effect) including HNO3, HCl, and H2SO4. Full solubilization of Fe-P sludge and reduction of Fe3+ were observed at pH values 3 and 4 for two Fe/AA molar ratios of 1:2 and 1:4. Sludge age (up to 11 days) did not affect the reductive solubilization of Fe-P with AA addition. The reductive dissolution of Fe-P sludge with hydroxylamine was negligible, while both P (95 ± 2%) and Fe3+ (90 ± 1%) were solubilized through non-reductive dissolution by oxalic acid treatment at an Fe/oxalic acid molar ratio 1:2 and a pH 3. With sludge treatment with inorganic acids at pH 3, P and Fe release was very low (<10%) compared to AA and oxalic acid treatment. After full solubilization of Fe-P sludge by AA treatment at pH 3 it was possible to recover the phosphorus and iron as vivianite by simple pH adjustment to pH 7; P and Fe recoveries of 88 ± 2% and 90 ± 1% respectively were achieved in this manner. XRD analysis, Fe/P molar ratio measurements, and magnetic attraction confirmed vivianite formation. PHREEQC modeling showed a reasonable agreement with the measured release of P and Fe from Fe-P sludge and vivianite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel A Alnimer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, N2L 3C5, ON, Canada.
| | - D Scott Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, N2L 3C5, ON, Canada
| | - Wayne J Parker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
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Yang Z, Acker SM, Brady AR, Rodríguez AA, Paredes LM, Ticona J, Mariscal GR, Vanzin GF, Ranville JF, Sharp JO. Heavy metal removal by the photosynthetic microbial biomat found within shallow unit process open water constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 2023; 876:162478. [PMID: 36871713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based solutions offer a sustainable alternative to labor and chemical intensive engineered treatment of metal-impaired waste streams. Shallow, unit process open water (UPOW) constructed wetlands represent a novel design where benthic photosynthetic microbial mats (biomat) coexist with sedimentary organic matter and inorganic (mineral) phases, creating an environment for multiple-phase interactions with soluble metals. To query the interplay of dissolved metals with inorganic and organic fractions, biomat was harvested from two distinct systems: the demonstration-scale UPOW within the Prado constructed wetlands complex ("Prado biomat", 88 % inorganic) and a smaller pilot-scale system ("Mines Park (MP) biomat", 48 % inorganic). Both biomats accumulated detectable background concentrations of metals of toxicological concern (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) by assimilation from waters that did not exceed regulatory thresholds for these metals. Augmentation in laboratory microcosms with a mixture of these metals at ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations revealed a further capacity for metal removal (83-100 %). Experimental concentrations encapsulated the upper range of surface waters in the metal-impaired Tambo watershed in Peru, where a passive treatment technology such as this could be applied. Sequential extractions demonstrated that metal removal by mineral fractions is more important in Prado than MP biomat, possibly due to a higher proportion and mass of iron and other minerals from Prado-derived materials. Geochemical modeling using PHREEQC suggests that in addition to sorption/surface complexation of metals to mineral phases (modeled as iron (oxyhydr)oxides), diatom and bacterial functional groups (carboxyl, phosphoryl, and silanol) also play an important role in soluble metal removal. By comparing sequestered metal phases across these biomats with differing inorganic content, we propose that sorption/surface complexation and incorporation/assimilation of both inorganic and organic constituents of the biomat play a dominant role in metal removal potential by UPOW wetlands. This knowledge could be applied to passively treat metal impaired waters in analogous and remote regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxun Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America; Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America
| | - Sarah M Acker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America; Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America
| | - Adam R Brady
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Armando Arenazas Rodríguez
- Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Lino Morales Paredes
- Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Juana Ticona
- Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Giuliana Romero Mariscal
- Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America; Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Gary F Vanzin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America; Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America
| | - James F Ranville
- Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Jonathan O Sharp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America; Center for Mining Sustainability, United States of America; Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America.
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Mohammed AU, Aris AZ, Ramli MF, Isa NM, Arabi AS, Jabbo JN. Groundwater pollutants characterization by geochemometric technique and geochemical modeling in tropical savanna watershed. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:3891-3906. [PMID: 36609946 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple interactions of geogenic and anthropogenic activities can trigger groundwater pollution in the tropical savanna watershed. These interactions and resultant contamination have been studied using applied geochemical modeling, conventional hydrochemical plots, and multivariate geochemometric methods, and the results are presented in this paper. The high alkalinity values recorded for the studied groundwater samples might emanate from the leaching of carbonate soil derived from limestone coupled with low rainfall and high temperature in the area. The principal component analysis (PCA) unveils three components with an eigenvalue > 1 and a total dataset variance of 67.37%; this implies that the temporary hardness of the groundwater and water-rock interaction with evaporite minerals (gypsum, halite, calcite, and trona) is the dominant factor affecting groundwater geochemistry. Likewise, the PCA revealed anthropogenic contamination by discharging [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] from agricultural activities and probable sewage leakages. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) also revealed three clusters; cluster I reflects the dissolution of gypsum and halite with a high elevated load of [Formula: see text] released by anthropogenic activities. However, cluster II exhibited high [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] loading in the groundwater from weathering of bicarbonate and sylvite minerals. Sulfate ([Formula: see text]) dominated cluster III mineralogy resulting from weathering of anhydrite. The three clusters in the Maiganga watershed indicated anhydrite, gypsum, and halite undersaturation. These results suggest that combined anthropogenic and natural processes in the study area are linked with saturation indexes that regulate the modification of groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Usman Mohammed
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43000, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Yelwa Road, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43000, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Yelwa Road, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria.
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Mohammad Firuz Ramli
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43000, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorain Mohd Isa
- Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Yelwa Road, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Suleiman Arabi
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Science, Bayero University (BUK), Kano, janbulo, 700231, Nigeria
| | - Josiah Nuhu Jabbo
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43000, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chen Z, Zhang P, Brown KG, van der Sloot HA, Meeussen JCL, Garrabrants AC, Wang X, Delapp RC, Kosson DS. Impact of oxidation and carbonation on the release rates of iodine, selenium, technetium, and nitrogen from a cementitious waste form. J Hazard Mater 2023; 449:131004. [PMID: 36821900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the long-term retention mechanisms and potential release rates for the primary constituents of potential concern (COPCs) (i.e., Tc, I, Se, and nitrate) is necessary to determine if Cast Stone, a radioactive waste form, can meet performance objectives under near-surface disposal scenarios. Herein, a mineral and parameter set accounting for the solubility of I and Se in Cast Stone was developed based on pH-dependent and monolithic diffusion leaching test results, to extend a geochemical speciation model previously developed. The impact of oxidation and carbonation as environmental aging processes on the retention properties of Cast Stone for primary COPCs was systematically estimated. Physically, the effective diffusion coefficients of 4 COPCs in Cast Stone were increased after carbonation and/or oxidation, reflecting an increase in permeability to diffusion. Chemically, i) pH & pe conditions in the original Cast Stone were favorable for the stabilization of Tc, but not for I, Se, and N; ii) oxidation (with/without carbonation) of Cast Stone changed the pe & pH conditions to be detrimental for Tc stabilization; and iii) carbonation (with/without oxidation) of Cast Stone modified the pH & pe conditions to be beneficial for the stabilization of I (in system with Ag added) and Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Shanghai Shaanxi Coal Hi-tech Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Kevin G Brown
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Hans A van der Sloot
- Hans van der Sloot Consultancy, Glenn Millerhof 29, 1628 TS Hoorn, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew C Garrabrants
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Rossane C Delapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - David S Kosson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
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Boldyrev KA, Kapyrin IV, Safonov AV, Karaseva YY, Blinov PD, Tyupina EA, Zakharova EV. Strontium transport modeling in high-concentrated nitrate solution in DEEP liquid radioactive waste repository. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 256:104172. [PMID: 36966600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on modeling 90Sr migration in strong nitrate solutions in aquifers used for radioactive waste disposal. This type of radioactive waste disposal is typical only for the Russian Federation and is a unique object of study. The calculations are based on the laboratory study of strontium sorption in nitrate solutions on sandy, loamy and clayey rocks under biotic (with natural microbial communities obtained from Seversky repository) and abiotic conditions. To obtain a strontium sorption model, first, an ion exchange model in PHREEQC software is fitted to the experimental data both manually and automatically (using MOUSE software). Since real nitrate-ion concentrations at radioactive waste injection sites can reach values of hundreds of grams per liter, strontium Kd values are predicted for high ionic strength (for which no experimental study of strontium sorption efficiency has been carried out) with PHREEQC-model. The strontium transport models accounting for sorption and the nitrate reduction processes have been developed using two numerical software packages: the GeRa 3D hydrogeological simulation code and the PHREEQC reactive transport code. Reactive transport modeling under different conditions shows a high sensitivity to dispersion. A significant effect of sorption of nitrate ion on Sr sorption is shown and a relatively small contribution of microbial processes to strontium transport is noted for liquid radioactive waste injection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Boldyrev
- Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Kapyrin
- Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Safonov
- Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya, 115191 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Y Yu Karaseva
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199071, 31, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russia
| | - P D Blinov
- Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Tyupina
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Zakharova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199071, 31, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russia
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Campos-Pereira H, Kleja DB, Ahrens L, Enell A, Kikuchi J, Pettersson M, Gustafsson JP. Effect of pH, surface charge and soil properties on the solid-solution partitioning of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a wide range of temperate soils. Chemosphere 2023; 321:138133. [PMID: 36791815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The pH-dependent soil-water partitioning of six perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) of environmental concern (PFOA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFHxS, PFOS and FOSA), was investigated for 11 temperate mineral soils and related to soil properties such as organic carbon content (0.2-3%), concentrations of Fe and Al (hydr)oxides, and texture. PFAS sorption was positively related to the perfluorocarbon chain length of the molecule, and inversely related to solution pH for all substances. The negative slope between log Kd and pH became steeper with increasing perfluorocarbon chain length of the PFAS (r2 = 0.75, p ≤ 0.05). Organic carbon (OC) alone was a poor predictor of the partitioning for all PFASs, except for FOSA (r2 = 0.71), and the OC-normalized PFAS partitioning, as derived from organic soil materials, underestimated PFAS sorption to the soils. Multiple linear regression suggested sorption contributions (p ≤ 0.05) from OC for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and FOSA, and Fe/Al (hydr)oxides for PFOS, FOSA, and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA). FOSA was the only substance under study for which there was a statistically significant correlation between its binding and soil texture (silt + clay). To predict PFAS sorption, the surface net charge of the soil organic matter fraction of all soils was calculated using the Stockholm Humic Model. When calibrated against charge-dependent PFAS sorption to a peat (Oe) material, the derived model significantly underestimated the measured Kd values for 10 out of 11 soils. To conclude, additional sorbents, possibly including silicate minerals, contribute to the binding of PFASs in soil. More research is needed to develop geochemical models that can accurately predict PFAS sorption in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Campos-Pereira
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja Enell
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kikuchi
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Thematic Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Jon Petter Gustafsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ullah Z, Rashid A, Ghani J, Talib MA, Shahab A, Lun L. Arsenic Contamination, Water Toxicity, Source Apportionment, and Potential Health Risk in Groundwater of Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:514-524. [PMID: 35171408 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Potable groundwater (GW) contamination through arsenic (As) is a commonly reported environmental issue in Pakistan. In order to examine the groundwater quality for As contamination, its geochemical behavior, and other physicochemical parameters, 69 samples from various groundwater sources were collected from the mining area of Pind Dadan Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. The results showed the concentration of elevated As, its source of mobilization, and linked public health risk. Arsenic detected in the groundwater samples varied from 0.5 to 100 µg/L, with an average value of 21.38 µg/L. Forty-two samples were beyond the acceptable limit of 10 µg/L of the WHO for drinking purposes. The statistical summary showed that the groundwater cation concentration was in decreasing order such as Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while anions were as follows: HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3-. Hydrochemical facies results depicted that groundwater samples belong to CaHCO3 type. Rock-water interactions control the hydrochemistry of groundwater. Saturation indices' results indicated the saturation of the groundwater sources for CO3 minerals due to their positive SI values. Such minerals include aragonite, calcite, dolomite, and fluorite. The principal component analysis (PCA) findings possess a total variability of 77.36% suggesting the anthropogenic and geogenic contributing sources of contaminant. The results of the Exposure-health-risk-assessment model for measuring As reveal significant potential carcinogenic risk exceeding the threshold level (value > 10-4) and HQ level (value > 1.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ullah
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdur Rashid
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Junaid Ghani
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Afnan Talib
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Lun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
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Davand H, Sepehr E, Momtaz HR, Ahmadi F. Wastewater irrigation: An opportunity for improving soil phosphorus availability; PHREEQC modeling and adsorption studies. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158180. [PMID: 36007642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater, an alternative supply of water and nutrients, is being allocated as a priority for human population sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions. This work proposes phosphorus (P), a vital growth-limiting nutrient, adsorption behavior in wastewater irrigated agricultural soils in comparison to non-irrigated soils using laboratory batch experiments. The adsorption mechanism was assessed using different adsorption isotherm models. Saturation indices were modeled, using the hydro-geochemical transport code PHREEQC and MINTEQ geochemical software. Phosphorus buffering parameters were also calculated based on the standard equations. The equilibrium data were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model. The physical adsorption mechanism was found based on the calculated isotherm parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity was two times more in non-wastewater irrigated soils than irrigated. Results highlighted the effectiveness of wastewater irrigation in P availability in soil. Based on the PHREEQC modeling data, precipitation of Pb and Zn mineral phases was probable in soils by wastewater influence. Meanwhile, the precipitation of stable calcium phases, that affect the P sorption and/or co-precipitation, in non-wastewater irrigated soils was highlighted in the PHREEQC calculations. The standard buffer capacity (SBC) was 43 and 64 L kg-1 in wastewater irrigated soils and non-irrigated soils, respectively. Findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of wastewater reuse opportunities for agricultural application, especially soil P availability, and are helpful to minimize the environmental impacts of wastewater and solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Davand
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sepehr
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Momtaz
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Qiao W, Cao W, Gao Z, Pan D, Ren Y, Li Z, Zhang Z. Contrasting behaviors of groundwater arsenic and fluoride in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin, China: Geochemical and modeling evidences. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158134. [PMID: 35987243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Genesis of the contrasting distributions of high arsenic (>10 μg/L) and fluoride (>1 mg/L) groundwater and their negative correlations remain poorly understood. We investigated spatial distributions of groundwater arsenic and fluoride concentrations in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin, Henan Province, China, using bivariate statistical analyses and geochemical simulations. Results suggest that high arsenic and fluoride groundwater showed contrasting distributions with few overlapped area. Groundwater arsenic concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values and positively with NH4+ and Fe(II) concentrations, while the opposites were true for groundwater fluoride concentrations. These may suggest that high arsenic groundwater is related to stronger organic matter degradation and Fe(III) oxide reduction, while groundwater fluoride enrichment occurs with less extent of organic matter degradation. Geochemical calculations supported that groundwater fluoride enrichment was governed by extent of fluorite dissolution, which was constrained by varied saturation indices of fluorite in groundwater. However, groundwater arsenic mobility may be explained by different solubility of Fe(III) oxides. Higher Fe(III) oxide solubility corresponding to goethite and lepidocrocite was related to higher arsenic concentrations, while hematite was too low in solubility to produce high arsenic groundwater. The study presented both geochemical and modeling evidences for the contrasting behaviors of groundwater arsenic and fluoride concentrations in anoxic aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wengeng Cao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, PR China; National Observation and Research Station on Groundwater and Land Subsidence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain, Shijiazhuang 050061, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Deng Pan
- Institute of Natural Resource Monitoring of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Yu Ren
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, PR China; National Observation and Research Station on Groundwater and Land Subsidence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain, Shijiazhuang 050061, PR China
| | - Zeyan Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, PR China; National Observation and Research Station on Groundwater and Land Subsidence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain, Shijiazhuang 050061, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Tianjin Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, PR China
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11
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He X, Li P, Shi H, Xiao Y, Guo Y, Zhao H. Identifying strontium sources of flowback fluid and groundwater pollution using 87Sr/ 86Sr and geochemical model in Sulige gasfield, China. Chemosphere 2022; 306:135594. [PMID: 35803383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing technology has made unconventional oil and gas development economically viable; however, it can lead to potential environmental issues such as groundwater pollution. Strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) is considered as a sensitive tracer to indicate potential groundwater contamination. In this study, strontium (Sr) and 87Sr/86Sr sources of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluid are identified with 87 flowback fluid samples and 5 borehole core samples. High Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr values were found in fracturing flowback fluid. The hydrogeochemistry evidence shows high Sr and 87Sr/86Sr in fracturing flowback fluid mainly comes from formation water with high ion concentrations, while Sr and 87Sr/86Sr of formation water develop in diagenesis and long term water-rock interaction (e.g., feldspar dissolution and clay mineral transformations) under the high temperature and pressure. A complete evaluation system was executed to assess the sensitivity of 87Sr/86Sr indicating potential pollution on groundwater. The mixing curves which 87Sr/86Sr combined with Sr and Cl were also established by mixing models to indicate groundwater pollution. The modeling results show mineral dissolution/precipitation and cation exchange have little impact on 87Sr/86Sr in the mixing process between fracturing flowback fluid and groundwater, which 87Sr/86Sr can identify contamination when only 0.89% of fracturing flowback fluid mixes with groundwater. Finally, the potential contamination pathways are discussed. It is highly unlikely fracturing flowback fluid contaminates groundwater and soil through upward migration, whereas leakage is a more prevalent pollution pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong He
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hua Shi
- Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanxiang Xiao
- Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanghang Zhao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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12
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Nordstrom DK. Fluoride in thermal and non-thermal groundwater: Insights from geochemical modeling. Sci Total Environ 2022; 824:153606. [PMID: 35149071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High fluoride (F) groundwaters (>1 mg/L) have been recognized as a water quality problem for nearly a century and occur in many countries worldwide. The affected aquifers can be sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous rocks, but the process giving rise to high-F concentrations has been studied with geochemical modeling and an examination of the rock sources. The association of high-F with silicic igneous rocks such as granites and rhyolites results from magmatic differentiation (fractional crystallization, fractional melting, and crustal assimilation) wherein F is enriched in the liquid phase because of its incompatibility in the mafic minerals that crystallize early during cooling. Further development of F-rich groundwaters occurs during the evolution of Na-HCO3 waters because of removal of Ca through ion-exchange and calcite precipitation, thereby raising the F concentration from minerals like fluorite and fluorapatite to maintain solubility equilibrium. Increasing temperatures enhance this effect because of the retrograde solubility of calcite. From geochemical modeling using the PhreeqcI code, the primary variables controlling F concentrations are DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon), salinity (ionic strength), PCO2, and temperature. Complexing is also important but plays a more secondary role. Considering these variables, an improved set of plotting parameters, F/Cl vs. HCO3/Cl, are shown to be effective in interpreting groundwater analyses. This approach is demonstrated by examining case studies from the Black Creek aquifer, South Carolina, USA, the Madison regional aquifer, midwestern USA, the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory, Japan, New Zealand thermal waters, the San Luis Valley groundwaters, Colorado, USA, and the Aquia aquifer, Maryland, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kirk Nordstrom
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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13
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Araujo SF, Caldeira CL, Ciminelli VST, Borba RP, Rodrigues JP, Simões GF. Basic oxygen furnace sludge to treat industrial arsenic- and sulfate-rich acid mine drainage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:37777-37789. [PMID: 35067870 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four systems (S1, S2, S3, and S4) were evaluated to determine whether basic oxygen furnace sludge (BOFS), mainly composed of Fe (84%, mostly as elemental Fe and FeO), Ca (3%, as CaCO3), and Si (1%), is capable of removing As-spiked, Mn, Mg, and sulfate from an industrial acid mine drainage (AMDi) collected in a gold mine in Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the S1 system (BOFS/deionized water pH 2.5), the stability of the residue was evaluated for 408 h under agitation. The results showed that only Ca and Mg were solubilized, and the pH increased from 2.5 up to 11.4 within the initial 24 h and kept still until the end of the experiment (408 h). The S2 system (BOFS/AMDi) achieved 100% removal of As and Mn, and 70% removal of sulfate after 648 h. In the first 30 min, the pH increased from 2.5 to 10, which was maintained until the end of the experiment. The removal of As, Mn, and sulfate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (S3 and S4 systems - BOFS/AMDi/H2O2) was similar to that in the S2 system, which contained only BOFS. The formation of iron oxides was not accelerated by H2O2. As regards the removal of arsenic and sulfate species, the formation of incipient calcium arsenate and calcium sulfate dehydrated was indicated by X-ray diffraction analysis and PHREEQC modeling. Dissolved manganese and magnesium precipitated as oxides, according to the geochemical modeling. After contact with AMDi, the raw BOFS, initially classified as hazardous waste, became a non-inert waste, which implies simplified, less costly disposal. Except for sulfate, the concentrations of all the other elements were below the maximum permitted levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine F Araujo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cláudia L Caldeira
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virginia S T Ciminelli
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology: INCT - Acqua, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Borba
- Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joanna P Rodrigues
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F Simões
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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14
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Mahmmud R, Sracek O, Mustafa O, Čejková B, Jačková I, Vondrovicová L. Groundwater geochemistry evolution and geogenic contaminants in the Sulaimani-Warmawa Sub-basin, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:352. [PMID: 35403925 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of groundwater geochemistry in the Sulaimani-Warmawa Sub-basin in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has been investigated using hydrogeochemical and isotopic methods. This is a semiarid region with seasonal precipitation in winter. Water chemistry generally evolves from Ca-HCO3 groundwater type close to the basin boundaries towards Ca-Mg-HCO3 groundwater type close to the Tanjero River along the axis of the basin. Some samples have increased concentrations of Na, Cl, and SO4 as a consequence of dissolution of halite and gypsum embedded in carbonates. Values of pH are slightly alkaline or alkaline, and redox parameters indicate a moderately reducing environment. Isotopes δ2H and δ18O indicate recharge from winter precipitation with no evaporation. Values of dissolved 13C(DIC) correspond to equilibrium with carbonates and C4 plants as the source of CO2. Values of 87Sr/86Sr in groundwater are in a good agreement with carbonate dissolution as a principal process. The principal geogenic contaminant is Ba with concentrations up to 0.383 mg/L. Dissolved concentrations of other geogenic contaminants such as As, F, Mn, and Cr are low or below the detection limit as expected based on their low contents in carbonate rocks. Inverse geochemical modeling on selected profiles calibrated using δ13C values provided mass transfer coefficients for possible geochemical reactions. Future work should focus on interactions in the hyporheic zone of the Tanjero River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebar Mahmmud
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondra Sracek
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Omed Mustafa
- College of Education & Natural Sciences, Charmo University, 46023, Chamchamal, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield Broad Lane, S3 7HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bohuslava Čejková
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jačková
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vondrovicová
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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15
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Zhang X, Zhao R, Wu X, Mu W. Hydrogeochemistry, identification of hydrogeochemical evolution mechanisms, and assessment of groundwater quality in the southwestern Ordos Basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:901-921. [PMID: 34345988 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution process of hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality is essential for water supply and health in the southwestern Ordos Basin, where groundwater is a vital source for drinking. This study systematically illustrates the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolution mechanism based on the groundwater samples (n = 67) collected from Loess area by integrating multivariate statistical methods and hydrogeochemical methods. Furthermore, the entropy water quality index (EWQI) and water quality indices combined with spatial analysis were employed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes and analyze the spatial variation of water quality. The hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis classified groundwater dataset into four clusters and four components which were examined using a Piper diagram and Gibbs diagram, representing different hydrogeochemical characteristics and controlling factors. Based on results, the groundwater chemistry was characterized by representative water types: freshwater (cluster 1, cluster 2), low salinity (half of cluster 3), high salinity (half of cluster 3, cluster 4), and the main controlling factors of hydrogeochemistry revealed by Gibbs diagram were evaporation crystallization (cluster 3, cluster 4) and water-rock interactions (cluster 1, cluster 2). Moreover, the Gaillardet diagram, chloro-alkaline indices, binary diagram, and saturation index further comprehensively illustrate that the silicate and evaporite weathering, ion exchange, dissolution of halite, gypsum, and anhydrite are responsible for hydrogeochemical process. Based on EWQI and ArcGIS, the groundwater quality is categorized as excellent (47.0%), good (31.8%), medium (4.5%), poor (6.1%), and extremely poor (10.6%) types, and the quality in the south of the study area is better than north. Additionally, the USSL diagram shows that most of samples belong to C3S1 (high-salinity hazard and low-sodium hazard) and C2S1 (medium-salinity hazard and low-sodium hazard), and Wilcox diagram shows that 77.2% of samples are suitable for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Wu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenping Mu
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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16
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Khalidy R, Santos RM. Assessment of geochemical modeling applications and research hot spots-a year in review. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:3351-3374. [PMID: 33651264 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical modeling has been employed in several fields of science and engineering in recent years. This review seeks to provide an overview of case studies that applied geochemical modeling in the 2019 year, which includes over 250 articles. This review is intended to inform new users on the possibilities that geochemical modeling brings, while also informing existing and past users on its latest developments. The survey of studies was conducted with an emphasis on the modeling techniques, the objective of studies, the prevalent simulated variables and the use of specific software packages. The analysis showed that geochemical modeling is still predominantly employed in experimental projects and in the form of equilibrium modeling. PHREEQC and Visual MINTEQ were recognized as the most popular software packages for simulating a wide range of processes, using equilibrium or other geochemical modeling forms. The study of fluid-rock interactions and pollution and remediation processes can be regarded as the principal geochemical modeling objectives, constituting 37% and 36% of the reviewed studies, respectively. Focusing on fluid-rock interactions, hydrogeochemical processes, carbon capture and storage and enhanced oil recovery have been the main topics examined with geochemical modeling. Assessments of the toxicity of metals in terms of leachate and mobilization, as well as their removal from soil and water systems, have been major topics investigated with the aid of geochemical modeling in terms of pollution and remediation research. It was found that the scholars benefit from geochemical modeling in their research both as a main technique and as an accessory tool. Saturation index, elemental concentration and speciation, mineral mass and composition and pH were among the most common variables modeled in reviewed studies. Geochemical modeling has gained a wider user base in recent years, and many research groups have used it in consecutive studies to deepen knowledge. However, much potential for further dissemination still remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khalidy
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rafael M Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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17
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Karunanidhi D, Aravinthasamy P, Deepali M, Subramani T, Bellows BC, Li P. Groundwater quality evolution based on geochemical modeling and aptness testing for ingestion using entropy water quality and total hazard indexes in an urban-industrial area (Tiruppur) of Southern India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:18523-18538. [PMID: 32939651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study used geochemical modeling to understand the chemical evolution of groundwater, entropy water quality index to assess the aptness of groundwater for human consumption, and total hazard index to determine the possible non-carcinogenic risks among children, women, and men in an urban-industrial area (Tiruppur region) of southern India. For the above purposes, 40 groundwater samples were collected from tube and dug wells, and they were tested for various physicochemical parameters. Fluoride and nitrate levels ranged from 0.10 to 2.70 mg/l and 10 to 290 mg/l, respectively. Nearly, 50% of the fluoride samples and 58% of the nitrate samples exceeded the WHO limits of 1.5 and 45 mg/l, respectively. The majority of the groundwater samples (22.5%) represented Ca2+-Na+-Cl- water type while the remaining samples exhibited mixed water types. Approximately, 85% of the samples indicated high levels of salinization since they had Revelle index > 0.5 meq/l. The saturation index (SI) revealed that mineral weathering; dissolution of halite, gypsum, and anhydrite; and precipitation of calcite and dolomite contributed to groundwater chemistry. Based on the entropy water quality index (EWQI), none of the groundwater samples was characterized as excellent or good water quality while 57.5% of the samples had medium water quality, and 32.5% and 10% of the samples exhibited poor and extremely poor water qualities, respectively. The last two categories are designated as unfit for consumption. The cumulative health risk (nitrate and fluoride together) ranged from 0.97 to 11.16 for children, 0.60 to 10.54 for women, and 0.39 to 6.92 for men. These values represent health risks among 88%, 80%, and 73% of the groundwater samples for children, women, and men, respectively. Therefore, proper measures should to be done to reduce the health risks associated with high nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater of the study area, which is used for drinking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karunanidhi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, 641062, India.
| | - P Aravinthasamy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, 641062, India
| | - M Deepali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, 440019, India
| | - T Subramani
- Department of Geology, CEG, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Barbara C Bellows
- Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, 76402, USA
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Safonov A, Popova N, Andrushenko N, Boldyrev K, Yushin N, Zinicovscaia I. Investigation of materials for reactive permeable barrier in removing cadmium and chromium(VI) from aquifer near a solid domestic waste landfill. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:4645-4659. [PMID: 32946052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sorption characteristics of raw and biofilm-coated materials: vermiculite, lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA), perlite, zeolite, and shungite toward Cd and Cr(VI) ions were investigated to evaluate the possibility of their use as filtration barrier in the aquifer near a solid domestic waste landfill. The effectiveness of Cr(VI) removal by the raw materials changed in the following order: shungite > zeolite > perlite > vermiculite > LECA and for Cd: zeolite > shungite > vermiculite > perlite > LECA. After biofilm formation on the surface of the materials, the sorption capacity increased in some (perlite, LECA), while in others (zeolite) it was reduced. Four kinetic models were used to describe the experimental data. Mechanisms of metal removal were proposed: for Cr(VI), a characteristic combination of sorption processes was suggested, while the removal of Cd ions could occur by ion exchange and by complexation on the surface of the sorbent. Cr(VI) reduction by living bacterial cells forming a biofilm on the sorbent surface was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Safonov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 31, 4, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Nadezhda Popova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 31, 4, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Natalia Andrushenko
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 31, 4, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Kirill Boldyrev
- Nuclear Safety Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshaya Tulskaya Street, 52, Moscow, Russia, 115191
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, Dubna, Russia, 1419890
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str., 6, Dubna, Russia, 1419890.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str. MG-6, Bucharest -, Magurele, Romania.
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19
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Sunkari ED, Abu M, Zango MS. Geochemical evolution and tracing of groundwater salinization using different ionic ratios, multivariate statistical and geochemical modeling approaches in a typical semi-arid basin. J Contam Hydrol 2021; 236:103742. [PMID: 33246311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vulnerability of semi-arid basin aquifers to long-term salinization due to the dissolution of groundwater chemical constituents is a major global problem. Despite this, resilient techniques of tracing the sources of groundwater salinization in semi-arid basin aquifers are still evolving due to the aquifer complexities. This study proves the effectiveness of the use of different ionic ratios, multivariate statistical, and geochemical modeling approaches to understand groundwater evolution and trace salinization in the semi-arid Pru Basin of Ghana. The basin is homogeneously composed of argillaceous sediments of the Oti/Pendjari Group of the Voltaian Supergroup. A total of 81 samples from hand-dug wells and boreholes within the Pru Formation of the Oti/Pendjari Group in the basin were collected for this study. Quantitative analysis of the data shows that the abundance of major ions follows the order: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and Cl- > HCO3- > SO42-. The groundwater evolved from Na-HCO3, Na-HCO3-Cl, Na-Ca-HCO3 to Na-Mg-HCO3 water types in a decreasing order of abundance. Calculated meteoric genesis index (r2) indicates the dominance of deep meteoric water percolation effects on groundwater chemistry. Groundwater chemistry is principally controlled by water-rock interaction, ion exchange reactions, weathering (carbonate and silicate), salinization, and anthropogenic activities. Different ionic ratio plots and spatial distribution maps reveal the prevalence of salinization in the aquifer system, especially around the southwestern part of the basin. Revelle index assessment of the groundwater salinization level indicates that about 19.8% of the groundwater samples with RI values >0.5 is influenced by salinization. The groundwater salinization results from saline water intrusion from adjacent aquifers, mixing effects, ion exchange reactions, water-rock interaction, and anthropogenic activities. The geochemical modeling involving thermodynamic calculation of mineral saturation indices in PHREEQC indicates that groundwater is largely saturated with respect to majority of the carbonate and silicate mineral phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Main Campus, 51240 Niğde, Turkey; Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mineral Resources Technology, University of Mines and Technology, P.O. Box 237, Tarkwa, Ghana.
| | - Mahamuda Abu
- Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CK Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 24, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Musah Saeed Zango
- Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CK Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 24, Navrongo, Ghana
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Ilina SM, Marang L, Lourino-Cabana B, Eyrolle F, Boyer P, Coppin F, Sivry Y, Gélabert A, Benedetti MF. Solid/liquid ratios of trace elements and radionuclides during a Nuclear Power Plant liquid discharge in the Seine River: Field measurements vs geochemical modeling. J Environ Radioact 2020; 220-221:106317. [PMID: 32560877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the determination of field solid/liquid ratios (Rd) values of trace element (TE) and radionuclide (RN) in the Seine River (France) during a concerted low radioactivity level liquid regulatory discharge performed by a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and their confrontation with Kd values calculated from geochemical modeling. This research focuses on how field Rd measurements of TE and RN can be representative of Kd values and how Kd models should be improved. For this purpose 5 sampling points of the Seine River during a NPP's liquid discharge were investigated: upstream from the discharge in order to assess the natural background values in the area of effluent discharge, the total river water mixing distance (with transect sampling), and 2 points downstream from this last area. The main parameters required determining field Rd of TE and RN and their geochemical modeling (Kd) were acquired. Filtered waters were analyzed for alkalinity, anions, cations, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), TE, and RN concentrations. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) was analyzed for particulate organic carbon (POC), TE and RN concentrations and mineralogical composition. Field Rd and Kd values are in good agreement for stable Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and for 7Be. Conversely, measured field Rd for stable Ag, Ba, Sr, Co and Cs are systematically higher than modeled Kd values. Even if only the lowest possible values were obtained for 137Cs and 60Co Rd measurements, these estimated limits are higher than calculated Kd for 137Cs and in good agreement for 60Co. Finally, only two RN exhibit field Rd lower than calculated Kd: 234Th and 210Pb. Comparison of field Rd vs. modeled Kd values for TE and RN allows the identification, for each element, of the main involved adsorption phases and geochemical mechanisms controlling their fate and partitioning in river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M Ilina
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laura Marang
- EDF R&D LNHE - Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 quai Watier, 78401, Chatou, France
| | - Beatriz Lourino-Cabana
- EDF R&D LNHE - Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 quai Watier, 78401, Chatou, France
| | - Frédérique Eyrolle
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE-ENV/SRTE/, SRTE/, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, 11315, France
| | - Patrick Boyer
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE-ENV/SRTE/, SRTE/, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, 11315, France
| | - Frederic Coppin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE-ENV/SRTE/, SRTE/, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, 11315, France
| | - Yann Sivry
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Gélabert
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marc F Benedetti
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
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21
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Li J, Wang Y, Zhu C, Xue X, Qian K, Xie X, Wang Y. Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the mobilization and enrichment of fluoride in groundwater of the North China Plain. Sci Total Environ 2020; 730:138877. [PMID: 32388365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride enrichment in groundwater at the North China Plain (NCP) is posing a potential health risk to human being. To better understand the enrichment mechanism of fluoride in the groundwater systems, the groundwater, sediments samples and pore water compacted from clayey sediments were collected to perform the chemistry analysis and geochemical inverse modeling. The results showed that fluoride concentration in groundwater from the NCP has a range of 0.38-7.35 mg/L, and 67.8% of groundwater samples have the fluoride concentration higher than 1.5 mg/L. High fluoride groundwater was mainly distributed in the central plain and coastal area of the NCP, and characterized by the Na-HCO3 or Na-Cl type water, lower Ca and higher TDS concentrations. Along groundwater flow-path from the mountainous to coastal areas, several hydrogeochemical processes control the mobilization and enrichment of fluoride in groundwater, including cation exchange between Ca and Na on the surface of clay minerals, precipitation/dissolution of carbonates, dissolution of fluorite, marine transgressions, and release of pore water trapped in clayey sediments caused by land subsidence. The fluoride concentrations in the pore water compacted from the sediments ranged from 2.92 to 4.48 mg/L. At the central plain and coastal area, the wide occurrence of land subsidence resulted from the groundwater over-exploration leads to the release of pore water rich in fluoride into surrounding aquifers, thereby elevating the concentration of groundwater fluoride. The resulted groundwater environment with high salinity and some newly-introduced ions, such as Mg, promote the dissolution of fluorite, which was under-saturated in the groundwater samples from the NCP, further enhancing the fluoride enrichment in the groundwater at the coastal area. The findings of this study will provide new insights on the generation of high fluoride groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Chenjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-restoration, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-restoration, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
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22
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Luo C, Routh J, Dario M, Sarkar S, Wei L, Luo D, Liu Y. Distribution and mobilization of heavy metals at an acid mine drainage affected region in South China, a post-remediation study. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138122. [PMID: 32408435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dabaoshan Mine Site (DMS) is the largest polymetallic mine in South China. The Hengshi River flowing next to DMS receives acid mine wastes leaching from the tailings pond and run-off from a treatment plant, which flows into the Wengjiang River. This study focuses on spatiotemporal distribution and mobilization of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn along the Hengshi River, groundwater, fluvial sediments, and soils, with a focus on As due to its high toxicity and the fact that mining is one of the main sources of contamination. Geochemical analyses (heavy metals, grain-size, X-ray diffraction, organic carbon and sulfur content) followed by geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) and statistical assessment were done to determine the physicochemical characteristics, toxicity risks, and behavior of heavy metals. Near the tailings pond, heavy metal concentrations in surface water were 2-100 times higher than the Chinese surface water standard for agriculture. Although water quality during the dry season has improved since the wastewater treatment plant started, heavy metal concentrations were high during rainy season. In groundwater, heavy metal concentrations were low and pose little risks. Soils along the Hengshi River were disturbed and they did not show any specific trends. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals was ranked as Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Zn in sediments and Cd > Cu > Pb > As > Zn in soils indicating multi-metal contamination and toxicity. As(III) was the predominant species in surface water during the dry season, whereas As(V) dominated during the rainy season. Arsenic levels in most sites exceeded the Chinese soil standard. Although As is assumed to have a moderate ecological risk in sediments and low risk in soils, anthropogenic activities, such as mining and land-use changes contribute to the release of As and other heavy metals and pose a risk for local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, Sweden; Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou CN-510006, China
| | - Joyanto Routh
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, Sweden; Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou CN-510006, China.
| | - Mårten Dario
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Soumyajit Sarkar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Lezhang Wei
- Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou CN-510006, China
| | - Dinggui Luo
- Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou CN-510006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Linköping University - Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou CN-510006, China
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Ballini M, Chautard C, Nos J, Phrommavanh V, Beaucaire C, Besancon C, Boizard A, Cathelineau M, Peiffert C, Vercouter T, Vors E, Descostes M. A multi-scalar study of the long-term reactivity of uranium mill tailings from Bellezane site (France). J Environ Radioact 2020; 218:106223. [PMID: 32174445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mill tailings from uranium mines constitute very low-level, long-lived, radioactive process waste. Their long-term management therefore requires a good understanding of the geochemical mechanisms regulating the mobility of residual uranium and radium-226. This article presents the results of the detailed characterization of the tailings resulting from the dynamic leaching processes used on the ore of the La Crouzille mining division and stored at the Bellezane site (Haute-Vienne, France) for over 25 years. A multi-scalar and multidisciplinary approach was developed based on a study of the site's history, on the chemical, radiological and mineralogical characterizations of the solid fraction of the tailings, and on porewater analyses. These were complemented by thermodynamic equilibrium models to predict the long-term mobility of U and 226Ra. Weakly acidic (pH = 6.35) and oxidizing (Eh = 138 mV/SHE) porewaters had a sulfated-magnesian facies ([SO4]tot = 43 mmol/L; [Mg]tot = 33 mmol/L) with an accessory calcium bicarbonate component (TIC = 25 mmol/L; [Ca]tot = 13 mmol/L) and dissolved concentrations of uranium and 226Ra of 12 × 10-6 mol/L and 0.58 Bq/L respectively. Ultra-filtration at 10 kDa indicated the absence of colloidal phases. The characterization of the tailings confirmed their homogeneity from a radiological, chemical and mineralogical point of view. The residual U and 226Ra concentrations measured in the solid were 160 ppm and 25 Bq/g respectively, in accordance with the initial ore grades and mill yields, or more than 99% of the total stock. In terms of chemical and mineralogical composition, the tailings were mainly composed of minerals from the granitic ore (quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclases and micas) in association with their weathering products (smectite and ferric oxyhydroxides) and with neo-formed minerals following rapid diagenesis after neutralization of the tailings before their emplacement (gypsum and barite). All these minerals are effective traps for the retention of U and 226Ra. The uranium is distributed partly in micrometer scale uraninite and coffinite refractory phases embedded in grains of quartz, and partly sorbed to smectite and ferric oxyhydroxides. The 226Ra on the other hand is trapped mainly within the barite. The aqueous concentrations of U and 226Ra could be described using a thermodynamic approach so that their long-term mobility can subsequently be assessed by modeling. The paragenesis of the tailings could be seen to be stable over time with the exception of neo-formed gypsum and calcite, which will gradually dissolve. The presence of retention traps offering surplus capacity, i.e. smectite, ferric oxyhydroxides and barite, will maintain the U and the 226Ra at very low aqueous concentrations, even under oxidizing conditions. Moreover, the low permeability of the mill tailings leads, in the case of 226Ra, to behavior dictated only by the radioactive decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballini
- ORANO Mining, R&D Dpt, 125 Avenue de Paris, F-92330, Châtillon, France
| | - C Chautard
- ORANO Mining, R&D Dpt, 125 Avenue de Paris, F-92330, Châtillon, France
| | - J Nos
- ORANO Mining, R&D Dpt, 125 Avenue de Paris, F-92330, Châtillon, France
| | - V Phrommavanh
- ORANO Mining, R&D Dpt, 125 Avenue de Paris, F-92330, Châtillon, France
| | - C Beaucaire
- DEN, Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Besancon
- ORANO Mining, R&D Dpt, 125 Avenue de Paris, F-92330, Châtillon, France; Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - A Boizard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - M Cathelineau
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - C Peiffert
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - T Vercouter
- DEN, Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - E Vors
- DEN, Service d'Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Descostes
- ORANO Mining, R&D Dpt, 125 Avenue de Paris, F-92330, Châtillon, France.
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Rashid A, Farooqi A, Gao X, Zahir S, Noor S, Khattak JA. Geochemical modeling, source apportionment, health risk exposure and control of higher fluoride in groundwater of sub-district Dargai, Pakistan. Chemosphere 2020; 243:125409. [PMID: 31778919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the hydrogeochemical profile of higher fluoride (F─) in groundwater of mixed industrial and mining areas of Dargai, northern Pakistan. Groundwater samples (n = 75) were collected from three hydrogeochemical environments. The mean concentrations of pH, EC, TDS, Depth and Temperature were (7.6, 1081 μS/cm, 590 mg/L, 75 m, 28.03 °C), for chemical ions viz. NO3, PO4, SO4, Cl, HCO3, Na, K, Ca and Mg were (18.5, 2.7, 161, 107, 330, 150, 9.76, 33, 52) mg/L respectively. Whereas, the mean concentration of F─ was 2.0 mg/L. Therefore, 51% groundwater samples exceeded the WHO guideline of F─ 1.5 mg/L. Additionally, we measured the mean F─ concentration in rocks, coal and wastewater, which were (670, 98) mg/Kg and 2.3 mg/L respectively. The principal component analysis multilinear regression (PCA─MLR) extracted five significant factors which shows natural, mixed and anthropogenic pollution. Thus, fluorite is the primary source of F─ contamination in groundwater. While apatite, biotite and muscovite minerals are the secondary sources which occurs in association with quartzite, granite rocks. Under alkaline conditions, F─ contamination is supported by higher Na+, HCO3─ and lower Ca++ concentrations. The accuracy and reproducibility of the measurement of fluoride was assessed by adopting a standard method of water. The percentage recovery of F─ was 97% and reproducibility was within ±5% error limit. Lastly, a health risk community fluorosis index (CFI) was calculated through Dean's formula which shows unsuitability of groundwater sources conceiving community fluorosis in the entire study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rashid
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Xubo Gao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Salman Zahir
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sifat Noor
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ali Khattak
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan
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Lix C, Zuddas P, Guichet X, Benavente J, Luque-Espinar JA, Barbier M. Role of CO 2 in low to medium enthalpy geothermal systems in the Central Betic Cordillera (Spain). Sci Total Environ 2020; 705:135652. [PMID: 31841930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in geothermal energy, which is considered as an efficient energy solution to mitigate rising atmospheric CO2. Besides known high enthalpy geothermal systems, increasing attention is paid to low temperature geothermal systems, as they are suitable for local use. Although geothermal production seems to be an environmentally advantageous renewable energy, it might result in significant CO2 emissions. In this study, we investigate the relationship between temperature, fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), and mineral buffers in the reservoir conditions, taking the low- to medium- enthalpy thermal waters in the Central Betic Cordillera as case study. Using geochemical modeling, three main groups of waters have been identified depending on temperature, buffering mineral assemblage, and fCO2 in their reservoir. A group of waters with a reservoir temperature ranging from 70 to 90 °C and located in the intramountain sedimentary basins shows a fCO2 in depth ranging from ~6 × 10-2 and 6 × 10-1. The reservoir chemistry of this water group seems to be mainly controlled by carbonates and evaporites displaying a fCO2 variation between depth and surface (ΔfCO2) of 10-1. Another intermediate group of waters, located in an active extension zone, displays lower temperature (50-60 °C) and fCO2 in the reservoir (from 10-3 to 10-2). Finally, the third group of waters, located on the metamorphic complexes contacts, show the highest estimated temperatures (130-140 °C) and fCO2 in the reservoir (1 to 102). The two latter groups suggest increasing buffering effect of alumino-silicates, in addition to carbonates and quartz. Therefore, we evidenced a strong relationship between temperature and fCO2 in the reservoir as well as the potential mineral buffers. We discussed the potential of geothermal systems as clean energy source based on the estimation of the CO2 emissions generated by the investigated thermal systems for a practical case of household heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lix
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris, ISTeP UMR 7193, F-75000 Paris, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie - 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - P Zuddas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris, ISTeP UMR 7193, F-75000 Paris, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie - 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - X Guichet
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - J Benavente
- Departamento de Geodinámica e Instituto de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, C.P. 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - J A Luque-Espinar
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Departamento de Investigación en Recursos Geológicos, Urb. Alcázar del Genil, 4-Edif. Zulema, Bajo., 18006 - Granada, Spain
| | - M Barbier
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
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Mahedi M, Cetin B, Dayioglu AY. Effect of cement incorporation on the leaching characteristics of elements from fly ash and slag treated soils. J Environ Manage 2020; 253:109720. [PMID: 31654932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion of cement in fly ash and slag mixed soils could potentially alter the leaching behavior of elements. This study investigated the leaching characteristics of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), barium (Ba) and chromium (Cr) from cement activated soil-fly ash, soil-slag mixtures and soil, fly ash, steel slag and cement alone. Batch water leach tests, acid neutralization capacity and pH-dependent leach tests were performed. Test results indicated that, effluent concentrations of Ca and Ba increased, while Mg concentrations decreased with cement additions. No consistent trend was observed between S concentrations and cement content. The leaching of Cr and Mn remained unaffected by cement incorporation. Results of this study showed that the solution pH had the greatest influence on the leaching behaviors of the elements. Ca, Mg, S and Mn followed cationic leaching patterns, whereas Ba showed both cationic and amphoteric leaching patterns. The highest concentrations of Cr were observed at extreme acidic conditions, followed by a concentration plateau at the pH range of 5.5-10, and subsequent decrease and increase in concentrations at pH of 11.5 and 13, respectively. Geochemical modeling results suggested that except for Cr, the leaching mechanisms of the elements were controlled by their sulfate and (hydr)oxide minerals. The leaching of Cr was possibly controlled by BaCrO4 and CaCrO4. It was observed that the presence of carbonate minerals did not play a significant role on the leaching mechanisms of the elements, when cement was used as an activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrur Mahedi
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 813 Bissell Road, Town Engineering Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Bora Cetin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 428 S. Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Asli Y Dayioglu
- Department of Civil Engineering, 259 School of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34467, Turkey.
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Liu B, Li J, Wang Z, Zeng Y, Ren Q. Long-term leaching characterization and geochemical modeling of chromium released from AOD slag. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:921-929. [PMID: 31814076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The long-term leaching of chromium from AOD slag was analyzed by column percolation test (CEN/TS 14405). According to the analytical result, the eluate of the AOD slag exhibited alkaline and reductive property. Chromium released from the AOD slag was primarily presented as trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). The eluate exhibited low hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentration. As the L/S ratio increased to 115 L kg-1, the accumulated release quantity of Cr(III) and total chromium per AOD slag mass reached 1549.68 and 1613.67 μg kg-1, respectively. The long-term leaching toxicity of chromium from the AOD slag was noticeable. Besides, a long-term geochemical model was built with PHREEQC software to assess the evolution of pH and chromium concentration in the eluate. The simulated pH and chromium concentrations were well consistent with those of the column percolation experiment. The result suggested that the geochemical model for chromium leaching prediction applies to the assessment of the eco-risk of AOD slag during the long-term leaching. The concentration of trivalent chromium presenting as Cr(OH)4- for instability of Cr(III) hydroxide in the alkaline eluate was regulated by the dissolution of the primary phase Cr2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Junguo Li
- School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziming Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Ren
- School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China.
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de Repentigny C, Zagury GJ, Courcelles B. Modeling of the clogging in a MgO column used to treat a Ni- and Co-contaminated water and performance prediction for a centripetal radial column. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124307. [PMID: 31330432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A geochemical model was established to predict the chemical and hydraulic performances of MgO columns used to treat a nickel- and cobalt-contaminated groundwater. Using the PHREEQC software, an advection-reaction simulation was carried out to re-create the outlet concentrations observed during a previous axial column laboratory test. Reaction kinetics were introduced to calculate the rates of brucite dissolution as well as iron and manganese oxidation. Pore volume diminution during the test was also predicted using the volume of goethite precipitates generated. The floating-sphere model was applied to calculate the equivalent hydraulic conductivity (Keq) of the column. The geometry of the model's cells was then adjusted to represent a radial centripetal filter containing the same amount of reactive MgO. The Keq predictions for the centripetal filter showed that the loss of permeability in the filter could be significantly delayed by changing the filter's flow configuration. While those results are promising, further testing is necessary to provide additional experimental results for radial filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl de Repentigny
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École, Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada
| | - Gérald J Zagury
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École, Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada
| | - Benoît Courcelles
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École, Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada.
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Mahedi M, Cetin B. Leaching of elements from cement activated fly ash and slag amended soils. Chemosphere 2019; 235:565-574. [PMID: 31276869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have investigated the leaching characteristics of cement activated fly ash and slag treated soils, although the inclusion of cement significantly enhances the material pH and may alter the leachability of elements. In this study the leaching behavior and mechanisms of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) from cement activated fly ash and slag stabilized soils were evaluated. An array of synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), batch water leach test (WLT), toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and pH-Static leach tests were conducted. A geochemical equilibrium model Visual MINTEQ was implemented to identify the leaching controlling mechanisms of the metals. Results indicated that, the leached concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe and S in SPLP, WLT and TCLP effluents were in the range of 0.016-0.74 mg/L, 0.013-0.17 mg/L, 0.019-0.27 mg/L and 1.78-234 mg/L, respectively. Quantitative comparisons between the standard test procedures suggested the necessity of multiple test methods for a comprehensive leaching assessment. Cr and Cu showed amphoteric leaching behaviors, whereas Fe and S followed cationic leaching patterns. According to the geochemical analyses, amorphous Cr(OH)3; tenorite and Cu(OH)2; ferrihydrite and goethite; gypsum and anhydrite; could control the leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe and S, respectively. The effluent Cr concentrations frequently exceeding the U.S. EPA specified maximum contaminant level of 0.1 mg/L. Yet, the use of cement activated fly ash and slag mixed soils could be beneficial, since less toxic trivalent Cr (III) was identified through geochemical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrur Mahedi
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering 813 Bissell Road, Town Engineering Building Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Bora Cetin
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering 813 Bissell Road, Town Engineering Building Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Berger PM, Wimmer B, Iranmanesh A. Sensitivity thresholds of groundwater parameters for detecting CO 2 leakage at a geologic carbon sequestration site. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:685. [PMID: 31659477 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) projects in the USA are required to monitor groundwater quality for geochemical changes above the injection area that may be a result of CO2 or brine leakage from the storage reservoir. Should CO2 migrate into the groundwater around the compliance wells monitoring the shallower hydrologic units, each compliance parameter could react differently depending on its sensitivity to CO2. Statistically determined limits (SDLs) for detection of CO2 leakage into groundwater were calculated using background water quality data from the Illinois Basin Decatur Project (IBDP) sequestration site and prediction and tolerance intervals for specific compliance parameters. If the parameter concentrations varied outside of these ranges during the injection and post injection periods of a GCS project, then additional actions would be required to determine the reason for the changes in groundwater concentrations. Geochemical modeling can simulate the amount of CO2 needed to alter water quality parameters a statistically significant amount. This information can then inform GCS operators and regulators as to which compliance parameters are relevant (sensitive) to CO2 leakage for a given setting. For the system studied in here, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, CO2, and pH were sensitive to CO2 addition while Al, Cl, Na, and Si were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Berger
- CODES, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
- Illinois State Geological Survey, 615 E. Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Bracken Wimmer
- Illinois State Geological Survey, 615 E. Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Abbas Iranmanesh
- Illinois State Geological Survey, 615 E. Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
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31
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Humez P, Osselin F, Kloppmann W, Mayer B. A geochemical and multi-isotope modeling approach to determine sources and fate of methane in shallow groundwater above unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. J Contam Hydrol 2019; 226:103525. [PMID: 31445435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing concerns over the potential impact of shale gas and coalbed methane (CBM) development on groundwater resources, it has become necessary to develop reliable tools to detect any potential pollution associated with hydrocarbon exploitation from unconventional reservoirs. One of the key concepts for such monitoring approaches is the establishment of a geochemical baseline of the considered groundwater systems. However, the detection of methane is not enough to assess potential impact from CBM and shale gas exploitation since methane in low concentrations has been found to be naturally ubiquitous in many groundwater systems. The objective of this study was to determine the methane sources, the extent of potential methane oxidation, and gas-water-rock-interactions in shallow aquifers by integrating chemical and isotopic monitoring data of dissolved gases and aqueous species into a geochemical PHREEQC model. Using data from a regional groundwater observation network in Alberta (Canada), the model was designed to describe the evolution of the concentrations of methane, sulfate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as well as their isotopic compositions (δ34SSO4, δ13CCH4 and δ13CDIC) in groundwater subjected to different scenarios of migration, oxidation and in situ generation of methane. Model results show that methane migration and subsequent methane oxidation in anaerobic environments can strongly affect its concentration and isotopic fingerprint and potentially compromise the accurate identification of the methane source. For example elevated δ13CCH4 values can be the result of oxidation of microbial methane and may be misinterpreted as methane of thermogenic origin. Hence, quantification of the extent of methane oxidation is essential for determining the origin of methane in groundwater. The application of this model to aquifers in Alberta shows that some cases of elevated δ13CCH4 values were due to methane oxidation resulting in pseudo-thermogenic isotopic fingerprints of methane. The model indicated no contamination of shallow aquifers by deep thermogenic methane from conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs under baseline conditions. The developed geochemical and multi-isotopic model describing the sources and fate of methane in groundwater is a promising tool for groundwater assessment purposes in areas with shale gas and coalbed methane development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Humez
- Applied Geochemistry Group, Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Florian Osselin
- Applied Geochemistry Group, Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Earth Sciences Institute of Orléans (ISTO), University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Bernhard Mayer
- Applied Geochemistry Group, Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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32
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Tomiyama S, Igarashi T, Tabelin CB, Tangviroon P, Ii H. Acid mine drainage sources and hydrogeochemistry at the Yatani mine, Yamagata, Japan: A geochemical and isotopic study. J Contam Hydrol 2019; 225:103502. [PMID: 31150962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the geochemistry of groundwater and its flow system in the closed Yatani mine in southern Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The mine is located in a sulfide deposit containing pyrite and has been generating acid mine drainage (AMD). The study was intended to elucidate the formation of AMD and its flow patterns using geological, hydrological, geochemical, and isotopic techniques. The results indicate that AMD is formed by the interaction of groundwater with sulfide minerals, sand slime, and tailings back-filled into excavated mine areas. Groundwater recharge areas were identified on the mountain slope at an elevation of ~900 m. The formation of AMD in the drifts and shaft was more extensive than that in the deeper drainage levels. Principal component analysis was applied to the hydrogeochemical data to identify the causes of AMD formation. The first, second, and third principal components reveal that the increased ion concentrations in mine drainage are a result of water-mineral reactions in excavated mine areas, the contribution of groundwater in deep reductive environments, and isotopic fractionation during precipitation, respectively. A promising method of reducing AMD formation is to prevent contact between dissolved oxygen and sulfide minerals by increasing the drainage level or by filling the shallow underground excavated area with cementitious materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tomiyama
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 3-2-3, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8117, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Igarashi
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Carlito Baltazar Tabelin
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Pawit Tangviroon
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ii
- Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
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Mahedi M, Cetin B, Dayioglu AY. Leaching behavior of aluminum, copper, iron and zinc from cement activated fly ash and slag stabilized soils. Waste Manag 2019; 95:334-355. [PMID: 31351620 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of industrial by-products such as fly ash and slag have become very prevalent in soil stabilization owing to its suitable physical and mechanical properties, and economical advantages. However, fly ash and slag have been identified as the potential source of toxic substances, and may pose environmental risk by leaching heavy and trace metals into soil, surface and groundwater. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests were conducted to investigate the environmental hazards associated with the leaching of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) from fly ashes, slag, type I/II cement and cement activated fly ash and slag stabilized soils. Sulfate (SO4), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were also quantified to evaluate their influence on metal leaching. To understand the effect of pH on the leaching behavior, pH-dependent leach tests were conducted at the pH ranges of 2-14. Results indicated that an increase in fly ash or slag content may not necessarily increase the effluent metal concentrations. Al, Cu, Zn and DOC followed an amphoteric leaching pattern where concentrations increased in both acidic and basic conditions. In contrast, maximum DIC concentrations occurred at neutral or near neutral pH values. Fe and SO4 showed cationic leaching behavior where concentrations decreased with an increase in effluent pH. Additionally, the leaching controlling mechanisms of the metals were identified by implementing geochemical modeling program Visual MINTEQ. The geochemical analyses indicated that the solubility of Al3+ and Fe3+ were controlled by precipitation/dissolution reactions of oxide/hydroxide minerals at all pH values. Leaching of Cu2+ was only solubility controlled at pH higher than 7, whereas Zn2+ leaching was solubility controlled in the pH range of 8-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrur Mahedi
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 813 Bissell Road, Town Engineering Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Bora Cetin
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 813 Bissell Road, Town Engineering Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Asli Y Dayioglu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ayazaga Campus, Civil Engineering Building, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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Zou Q, Li D, Jiang J, Aihemaiti A, Gao Y, Liu N, Liu J. Geochemical simulation of the stabilization process of vanadium-contaminated soil remediated with calcium oxide and ferrous sulfate. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:498-505. [PMID: 30856562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium (V)-contaminated soil poses health risks to plants, animals, and humans via both direct exposure and through the food chain. Stabilization treatment of metal-contaminated soil can chemically convert metal contaminants into less soluble, mobile, and toxic forms. However, the stabilization mechanisms of V-contaminated soil have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we performed geochemical modeling of V-contaminated soil stabilized with the common binders calcium oxide (CaO) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), as well as their mixture, using Visual MINTEQ software. The results were validated and exhibited good agreement with experimental results. For CaO, the formation of Ca2V2O7(s) and Ca3(VO4)2·4H2O(s) under mild and strong alkaline conditions (pH = 8.0-11.5 and 11.5-12.5), respectively, were predicted as the main immobilization routes. For FeSO4, there appeared to be three reaction routes, corresponding to approaches A, B, and C, during the stabilization process. In the simulation, approach C (adsorption of V(V) onto ferrihydrite) was undervalued, whereas approaches A (formation of Fe(VO3)2(s)) and B (reduction of V(V) into V(IV) to form V2O4(s) or adsorb onto soil organic matter) were overvalued. Among the three approaches, approach C had a dominant role and exhibited good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, soil pH and the saturation index of precipitation had major roles in the stabilization process. The optimal pH ranges for the stabilization of V-contaminated soil using CaO and FeSO4 were pH = 9.5-12.5 and pH = 4.0-5.0, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - De'an Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, China.
| | | | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nuo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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35
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Hudcová B, Vítková M, Ouředníček P, Komárek M. Stability and stabilizing efficiency of Mg-Fe layered double hydroxides and mixed oxides in aqueous solutions and soils with elevated As(V), Pb(II) and Zn(II) contents. Sci Total Environ 2019; 648:1511-1519. [PMID: 30340296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of metal(loid) removal from aqueous solutions using LDHs (layered double hydroxides) and mixed oxides (thermally treated LDHs; CLDHs) have been studied, research dealing with their stability, stabilizing efficiency and remediation potential for contaminated soils remains scarce. We present a complex study investigating the stabilizing efficiency of Mg-Fe LDHs and CLDHs at different conditions, including aqueous solutions and real soils with highly elevated As(V), Pb(II) and Zn(II) concentrations. All studied materials showed excellent (ad)sorption efficiency for As(V), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in aqueous solutions. Additionally, the reconstruction ability of CLDHs at different conditions that could improve their adsorption properties was also evaluated, and the dependence on time, pH and the concentrations of metal(loid)s was shown. In general, CLDHs showed higher stability and stabilizing efficiency in aqueous and soil solutions; however, LDHs were more efficient in contaminated soils. Furthermore, solid state analyses coupled with geochemical modeling showed the formation of new phases corresponding to Mg‑carbonates/silicates on the surfaces of LDH/CLDH after their incubation in soils. Both LDHs and CLDHs significantly decreased the bioavailable/labile fraction of As(V) and Zn(II) in the studied soils. In general, our work shows Mg-Fe LDHs and CLDHs as prospective materials for water and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Hudcová
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vítková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ouředníček
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic.
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Ragoussi ME, Costa D. Fundamentals of the NEA Thermochemical Database and its influence over national nuclear programs on the performance assessment of deep geological repositories. J Environ Radioact 2019; 196:225-231. [PMID: 28302339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For the last 30 years, the NEA Thermochemical Database (TDB) Project (www.oecd-nea.org/dbtdb/) has been developing a chemical thermodynamic database for elements relevant to the safety of radioactive waste repositories, providing data that are vital to support the geochemical modeling of such systems. The recommended data are selected on the basis of strict review procedures and are characterized by their consistency. The results of these efforts are freely available, and have become an international point of reference in the field. As a result, a number of important national initiatives with regard to waste management programs have used the NEA TDB as their basis, both in terms of recommended data and guidelines. In this article we describe the fundamentals and achievements of the project together with the characteristics of some databases developed in national nuclear waste disposal programs that have been influenced by the NEA TDB. We also give some insights on how this work could be seen as an approach to be used in broader areas of environmental interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Ragoussi
- OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), 46 quai Alphonse le Gallo, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Davide Costa
- OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), 46 quai Alphonse le Gallo, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Jiang P, Liu G, Cui W, Cai Y. Geochemical modeling of mercury speciation in surface water and implications on mercury cycling in the everglades wetland. Sci Total Environ 2018; 640-641:454-465. [PMID: 29864659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical model PHREEQC, abbreviated from PH (pH), RE (redox), EQ (equilibrium), and C (program written in C), was employed on the datasets generated by the USEPA Everglades Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) to determine the speciation distribution of inorganic mercury (iHg) in Everglades water and to explore the implications of iHg speciation on mercury cycling. The results suggest that sulfide and DOM were the key factors that regulate inorganic Hg speciation in the Everglades. When sulfide was present at measurable concentrations (>0.02 mg/L), Hg-S complexes dominated iHg species, occurring in the forms of HgS22-, HgHS2-, and Hg(HS)2 that were affected by a variety of environmental factors. When sulfide was assumed nonexistent, Hg-DOM complexes occurred as the predominant Hg species, accounting for almost 100% of iHg species. However, when sulfide was presumably present at a very low, environmentally relevant concentration (3.2 × 10-7 mg/L), both Hg-DOM and Hg-S complexes were present as the major iHg species. These Hg-S species and Hg-DOM complex could be related to methylmercury (MeHg) in environmental matrices such floc, periphyton, and soil, and the correlations are dependent upon different circumstances (e.g., sulfide concentrations). The implications of the distribution of iHg species on MeHg production and fate in the Everglades were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Cui
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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38
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Chi Z, Xie X, Pi K, Wang Y, Li J, Qian K. The influence of irrigation-induced water table fluctuation on iron redistribution and arsenic immobilization within the unsaturation zone. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:191-199. [PMID: 29751302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the long-term potential risk of arsenic (As)-contaminated agricultural soil to public health, the redistribution of iron (Fe) and immobilization of As within the unsaturation zone during irrigation and consequent water table fluctuations were studied via a column experiment and corresponding geochemical modeling. Experimental results show that As and Fe accumulated significantly at the top of the column during irrigation. A tremendous increase in As and Fe accumulation rates exists after water table recovery. It was deduced that Fe(II) and As(III) were oxidized directly by O2 at the period of low water table. But the production of hydroxyl radical (OH) was promoted at the period of high water table due to the oxidation of adsorbed Fe(II). The generated OH further accelerate the oxidation of Fe(II) and As(III). Moreover, the combination of As and Fe is more stronger at the top of the column due to the transformation of combined states of As from surface complexation into surface precipitation with the growth of Fe(III) minerals. This study details the processes and mechanisms of As and Fe immobilization within the unsaturation zone during different irrigation periods and accordingly provides some insights to mitigate As accumulation in topsoil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Kunfu Pi
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
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Rashid A, Guan DX, Farooqi A, Khan S, Zahir S, Jehan S, Khattak SA, Khan MS, Khan R. Fluoride prevalence in groundwater around a fluorite mining area in the flood plain of the River Swat, Pakistan. Sci Total Environ 2018; 635:203-215. [PMID: 29660723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the fluoride (F-) concentrations and physicochemical parameters of the groundwater in a fluorite mining area of the flood plain region of the River Swat, with particular emphasis on the fate and distribution of F- and the hydrogeochemistry. To better understand the groundwater hydrochemical profile and F- enrichment, groundwater samples (n=53) were collected from shallow (24-40m), mid-depth (48-65m) and deep (85-120m) aquifers, and then analysed using an ion-selective electrode. The lowest F- concentration (0.7mg/L) was recorded in the deep-aquifer groundwater, while the highest (6.4mg/L) was recorded in shallow groundwater. Most groundwater samples (62.2%) exceeded the guideline (1.5mg/L) set by the World Health Organization (WHO); while for individual sources, 73% of shallow-groundwater samples (F- concentration up to 6.4mg/L), 42% of mid-depth-groundwater samples, and 17% of deep-groundwater samples had F- concentrations that exceeded this permissible limit. Assessment of the overall quality of the groundwater revealed influences of the weathering of granite and gneisses rocks, along with silicate minerals and ion exchange processes. Hydrogeochemical analysis of the groundwater showed that Na+ is the dominant cation and HCO3- the major anion. The anionic and cationic concentrations across the entire study area increased in the following order: HCO3>SO4>Cl>NO3>F>PO4 and Na>Ca>Mg>K, respectively. Relatively higher F- toxicity levels were associated with the NaHCO3 water type, and the chemical facies were found to change from the CaHCO3 to (NaHCO3) type in calcium-poor aquifers. Thermodynamic considerations of saturation indices indicated that fluorite minerals play a vital role in the prevalence of fluorosis, while under-saturation revealed that - besides fluorite minerals - other F- minerals that are also present in the region further increase the F- concentrations in the groundwater. Finally, a health risk assessment via Dean's classification method identified that the groundwater with relatively higher F- concentrations is unfit for drinking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Zahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jehan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Seema Anjum Khattak
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sufaid Khan
- Departamento de Fısico-Quımica, de Instituto Quımica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Raees Khan
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PO 45320, Pakistan
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Campos Pereira H, Ullberg M, Kleja DB, Gustafsson JP, Ahrens L. Sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to an organic soil horizon - Effect of cation composition and pH. Chemosphere 2018; 207:183-191. [PMID: 29793030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soils is essential for environmental risk assessment. We investigated the effect of solution pH and calculated soil organic matter (SOM) net charge on the sorption of 14 PFASs onto an organic soil as a function of pH and added concentrations of Al3+, Ca2+ and Na+. Often, the organic C-normalized partitioning coefficients (KOC) showed a negative relationship to both pH (Δlog KOC/ΔpH = -0.32 ± 0.11 log units) and the SOM bulk net negative charge (Δlog KOC = -1.41 ± 0.40 per log unit molc g-1). Moreover, perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) sorbed more strongly than perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and the PFAS sorption increased with increasing perfluorocarbon chain length with 0.60 and 0.83 log KOC units per CF2 moiety for C3-C10 PFCAs and C4, C6, and C8 PFSAs, respectively. The effects of cation treatment and SOM bulk net charge were evident for many PFASs with low to moderate sorption (C5-C8 PFCAs and C6 PFSA). However for the most strongly sorbing and most long-chained PFASs (C9-C11 and C13 PFCAs, C8 PFSA and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA)), smaller effects of cations were seen, and instead sorption was more strongly related to the pH value. This suggests that the most long-chained PFASs, similar to other hydrophobic organic compounds, are preferentially sorbed to the highly condensed domains of the humin fraction, while shorter-chained PFASs are bound to a larger extent to humic and fulvic acid, where cation effects are significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Campos Pereira
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Malin Ullberg
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Berggren Kleja
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Kornhamnstorg 61, SE-11127 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Petter Gustafsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abboud IA. Geochemistry and quality of groundwater of the Yarmouk basin aquifer, north Jordan. Environ Geochem Health 2018; 40:1405-1435. [PMID: 29299860 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quality of groundwater in the Yarmouk basin, Jordan has been assessed through the study of hydrogeochemical characteristics and the water chemistry as it is considered the main source for drinking and agriculture activities in the region. The results of the relationship between Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus HCO3- + CO32-, Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus total cations, Na+ + K+ versus total cations, Cl- + SO42- versus Na+ + K+, Na+ versus Cl-, Na+ versus HCO3- + CO32-, Na+ versus Ca2+, and Na+: Cl- versus EC describe the mineral dissolution mechanism through the strong relationship between water with rocks in alkaline conditions with the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, CO32-, SO42-, and F- ions in the groundwater for enrichment. Furthermore, evaporation processes, groundwater depletion, and ion exchange contribute to the increased concentration of Na+ and Cl- ions in groundwater. Anthropogenic sources are one of the main reasons for contamination of groundwater in the study area and for increasing the concentration of Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- ions. Results show the quality of groundwater in the study area is categorized as follows: HCO3- + CO32- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3- > F- and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. In conclusion, the results of TDS, TH, and chemical composition showed that 26% of the groundwater samples were unsuitable for drinking. About 28% of groundwater samples in the study area have a high concentration of Mg2+, Na+, and NO3- above the acceptable limit. Also, based on high SAR, 10% of the groundwater samples were not suitable for irrigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Ahmed Abboud
- Faculty of Science, Geology/Biology Department, Taibah University, P.O. Box (89), 41911 Yanbu' Campus, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Löv Å, Sjöstedt C, Larsbo M, Persson I, Gustafsson JP, Cornelis G, Kleja DB. Solubility and transport of Cr(III) in a historically contaminated soil - Evidence of a rapidly reacting dimeric Cr(III) organic matter complex. Chemosphere 2017; 189:709-716. [PMID: 28972909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is a common soil contaminant and, although it has been studied widely, questions about its speciation and dissolutions kinetics remain unanswered. We combined information from an irrigation experiment performed with intact soil columns with data from batch experiments to evaluate solubility and mobilization mechanisms of Cr(III) in a historically contaminated soil (>65 years). Particulate and colloidal Cr(III) forms dominated transport in this soil, but their concentrations were independent of irrigation intensity (2-20 mm h-1). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements indicated that Cr(III) associated with colloids and particles, and with the solid phase, mainly existed as dimeric hydrolyzed Cr(III) bound to natural organic matter. Dissolution kinetics of this species were fast (≤1 day) at low pH (<3) and slightly slower (≤5 days) at neutral pH. Furthermore, it proved possible to describe the solubility of the dimeric Cr(III) organic matter complex with a geochemical equilibrium model using only generic binding parameters, opening the way for use of geochemical models in risk assessments of Cr(III)-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Löv
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Carin Sjöstedt
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larsbo
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Persson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, SE 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Petter Gustafsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geert Cornelis
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Kornhamnstorg 61, SE-111 27, Stockholm, Sweden
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Essilfie-Dughan J, Hendry MJ, Dynes JJ, Hu Y, Biswas A, Lee Barbour S, Day S. Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of sulfur and iron in coal waste rock, Elk Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Sci Total Environ 2017; 586:753-769. [PMID: 28202241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of coal waste rock to atmospheric oxygen can result in the oxidation of sulfide minerals and the release of sulfate (SO42-) and associated trace elements (e.g., Se, As, Cd, and Zn) to groundwaters and surface waters. Similarly, reduced iron minerals such as siderite, ankerite, and the sulfide, pyrite, present in the waste rock can also undergo oxidation, resulting in the formation of iron oxyhydroxides that can adsorb trace elements released from the oxidation of the sulfide minerals. Characterization and quantification of the distribution of sulfide and iron minerals, their oxidation products, as well as leaching rates are critical to assessing present-day and future impacts of SO42- and associated trace elements on receiving waters. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopic analysis of coal waste rock samples from the Elk Valley, British Columbia showed Fe present as pyrite (mean 6.0%), siderite (mean 44.3%), goethite (mean 35.4%), and lepidocrocite (mean 14.3%) with S present as sulfide (mean 26.9%), organic S (mean 58.7%), and SO42- (mean 14.4%). Squeezed porewater samples from dump solids yielded mean concentrations of 0.28mg/L Fe and 1246mg/L SO42-. Geochemical modeling showed the porewaters in the dumps to be supersaturated with respect to Fe oxyhydroxides and undersaturated with respect to gypsum, consistent with solids analyses. Coupling Fe and S mineralogical data with long-term water quality and quantity measurements from the base of one dump suggest about 10% of the sulfides (which represent 2% of total S) in the dump were oxidized over the past 30years. The S from these oxidized sulfides was released to the receiving surface water as SO42- and the majority of the Fe precipitated as secondary Fe oxyhydroxides (only 3.0×10-5% of the Fe was released to the receiving waters over the past 30years). Although the data suggest that the leaching of SO42- from the waste rock dump could continue for about 300years, assuming no change in the rate of oxidation of sulfides, SO42- is currently not a concern in receiving surface waters as the concentration levels are below regulatory limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Essilfie-Dughan
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - M Jim Hendry
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - James J Dynes
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada.
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada.
| | - Ashis Biswas
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - S Lee Barbour
- Department of Civil and Geological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - S Day
- SRK Consulting (Canada) Inc., 22nd Floor, 1066 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6E 3X2, Canada.
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Bisone S, Gautier M, Chatain V, Blanc D. Spatial distribution and leaching behavior of pollutants from phosphogypsum stocked in a gypstack: Geochemical characterization and modeling. J Environ Manage 2017; 193:567-575. [PMID: 28242112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PPG) is the byproduct of the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers from phosphate rocks (PR) by acid digestion. Despite the technical feasibility, the impurities present in this waste make its reuse critical and large amounts of PPG are stockpiled, resulting in the production of polluted acid leachates. The aim of the present study was to characterize the spatial variability and evolution in time of a 20-year-old gypstack and to study the geochemical behavior of the waste in order to assess the best management options. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed on core samples taken from 4 different depths of the stack down to 13.5 m. Despite the high homogeneity shown by chemical and mineral characterization, leaching tests revealed a different chemical behavior with depth. pH-dependent leaching tests were also performed to measure the acid neutralization capacity of the studied matrices and to determine the leachability of the elements or pollutants of concern as a function of pH. The study was focused on Ca, Fe Na, Si, Cd and Sr and on F-, PO43- and SO42- anions. The geochemical modeling of these tests with PHREEQC enabled the identification of the minor phases controlling the solubilization of the elements analyzed. Validation of the model by the simulation of a column leaching test suggested that the model could be used as a predictive tool to assess different management scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bisone
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement et Pollutions - Wastes Water Environment Pollutions), 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement et Pollutions - Wastes Water Environment Pollutions), 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Chatain
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement et Pollutions - Wastes Water Environment Pollutions), 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Denise Blanc
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement et Pollutions - Wastes Water Environment Pollutions), 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France.
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Hase H, Nishiuchi T, Sato T, Otake T, Yaita T, Kobayashi T, Yoneda T. A novel method for remediation of nickel containing wastewater at neutral conditions. J Hazard Mater 2017; 329:49-56. [PMID: 28122277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals contained in wastewater are generally removed by adding antalkaline to increase the pH, and Ni is commonly precipitated as Ni-hydroxides at pH 10. However, a more sustainable remediation method of treatment at neutral conditions would be attractive due to the high cost of chemical reagents and inefficient treatment at present. Based on natural attenuation, the method of adding Al ions has been used in wastewater treatment to precipitate layered double hydroxides (LDH). Here, we investigated the use of Al ion addition in the Ni containing wastewater treatment, experimentally and thermodynamically. By co-precipitation experiments adding Al ions to Ni-containing water, Ni was selectively incorporated into the structure of LDH, and the removal efficiency of Ni was close to 100% even in pH 7 and 8 samples (lower pH than conventional methods) with initial Ni concentrations of 200-10,000mg/L. Geochemical modeling results replicate the experimental results well when the Al/Ni ratio of LDH is assumed to be 0.33. This model makes it possible to estimate the amount of Al ions and additive agents necessary for use in treatment of wastewater containing different Ni concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Hase
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toru Nishiuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Otake
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yaita
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yoneda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Bestgen JO, Cetin B, Tanyu BF. Effects of extraction methods and factors on leaching of metals from recycled concrete aggregates. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:12983-13002. [PMID: 26996910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Leaching of metals (calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), copper, (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn)) of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) were investigated with four different leachate extraction methods (batch water leach tests (WLTs), toxicity leaching procedure test (TCLP), synthetic precipitation leaching procedure test (SPLP), and pH-dependent leach tests). WLTs were also used to perform a parametric study to evaluate factors including (i) effects of reaction time, (ii) atmosphere, (iii) liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio, and (iv) particle size of RCA. The results from WLTs showed that reaction time and exposure to atmosphere had impact on leaching behavior of metals. An increase in L/S ratio decreased the effluent pH and all metal concentrations. Particle size of the RCA had impact on some metals but not all. Comparison of the leached concentrations of metals from select RCA samples with WLT method to leached concentrations from TCLP and SPLP methods revealed significant differences. For the same RCA samples, the highest metal concentrations were obtained with TCLP method, followed by WLT and SPLP methods. However, in all tests, the concentrations of all four (Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn) metals were below the regulatory limits determined by EPA MCLs in all tests with few exceptions. pH-dependent batch water leach tests revealed that leaching pattern for Ca is more cationic whereas for other metals showed more amphoteric. The results obtained from the pH-dependent tests were evaluated with geochemical modeling (MINTEQA2) to estimate the governing leaching mechanisms for different metals. The results indicated that the releases of the elements were solubility-controlled except Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janile O Bestgen
- Sequoia Engineering and Environmental Inc, St. Louis, MO, 63178, USA
| | - Bora Cetin
- Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Burak F Tanyu
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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Wang L, Chen Q, Jamro IA, Li R, Li Y, Li S, Luan J. Geochemical modeling and assessment of leaching from carbonated municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:12107-12119. [PMID: 26965281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ashes are characterized by high calcium oxide (CaO) content. Carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption by MSWI fly ash was discussed based on thermogravimetry (TG)/differential thermal analysis (DTA), minerology analysis, and adapting the Stenoir equation. TG/DTA analysis showed that the weight gain of the fly ash below 440 °C was as high as 5.70 %. An adapted Stenoir equation for MSWI fly ash was discussed. The chloride in MSWI fly ash has a major impact on CO2 adsorption by MSWI fly ash or air pollution control (APC) residues. Geochemical modeling of the critical trace elements copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb) before and after carbonation was performed using a thermodynamic equilibrium model for solubility and a surface complexation model for metal sorption. Leaching of critical trace elements was generally found to be strongly dependent on the degree of carbonation attained, and their solubility appeared to be controlled by several minerals. Adsorption on ferrum (Fe) and aluminum (Al) colloids was also responsible for removal of the trace elements Cd, Pb, and Sb. We used Hakanson's potential ecological risk index (HPERI) to evaluate the risk of trace element leaching in general. The results demonstrate that the ecological risk showed a V-shaped dependency on pH; the optimum pH of the carbonated fly ash was found to be 10.3-11, resulting from the optimum carbonation (liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio = 0.25, carbonation duration = ∼30-48 h). The dataset and modeling results presented here provide a contribution to assessing the leaching behavior of MSWI fly ash under a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Imtiaz Ali Jamro
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Rundong Li
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Shaobai Li
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jingde Luan
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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Sethurajan M, Huguenot D, Lens PNL, Horn HA, Figueiredo LHA, van Hullebusch ED. Fractionation and leachability of heavy metals from aged and recent Zn metallurgical leach residues from the Três Marias zinc plant (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:7504-7516. [PMID: 26728285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various mineral processing operations to produce pure metals from mineral ores generate sludges, residues, and other unwanted by-products/wastes. As a general practice, these wastes are either stored in a reservoir or disposed in the surrounding of mining/smelting areas, which might cause adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, it is important to understand the various characteristics like heavy metal leaching features and potential toxicity of these metallurgical wastes. In this study, zinc plant leach residues (ZLRs) were collected from a currently operating Zn metallurgical industry located in Minas Gerais (Brazil) and investigated for their potential toxicity, fractionation, and leachability. Three different ZLR samples (ZLR1, ZLR2, and ZLR3) were collected, based on their age of production and deposition. They mainly consisted of Fe (6-11.5 %), Zn (2.5 to 5.0 %), and Pb (1.5 to 2.5 %) and minor concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, and Mn, depending on the sample age. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) results revealed that these wastes are hazardous for the environment. Accelerated Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction clearly showed that potentially toxic heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn can be released into the environment in high quantities under mild acidic conditions. The results of the liquid-solid partitioning as a function of pH showed that pH plays an important role in the leachability of metals from these residues. At low pH (pH 2.5), high concentrations of metals can be leached: 67, 25, and 7 % of Zn can be leached from leach residues ZLR1, ZLR2, and ZLR3, respectively. The release of metals decreased with increasing pH. Geochemical modeling of the pH-dependent leaching was also performed to determine which geochemical process controls the leachability/solubility of the heavy metals. This study showed that the studied ZLRs contain significant concentrations of non-residual extractable fractions of Zn and can be seen as a potential secondary resource for Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Sethurajan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
- NGqA-CPMTC, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - David Huguenot
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Heinrich A Horn
- NGqA-CPMTC, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz H A Figueiredo
- Solos e nutrição de plantas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenida Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Bico da Pedra, Janauba, MG, 39440-000, Brazil
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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Rouwane A, Rabiet M, Grybos M, Bernard G, Guibaud G. Effects of NO3 (-) and PO4 (3-) on the release of geogenic arsenic and antimony in agricultural wetland soil: a field and laboratory approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:4714-4728. [PMID: 26531710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in wetland soil periodically submitted to agricultural pressure as well as the impact of soil enrichment with NO3 (-) (50 mg L(-1)) and PO4 (3-) (20 mg L(-1)) on As and Sb release were evaluated at both field and laboratory scales. The results showed that As and Sb exhibited different temporal behaviors, depending on the study scale. At field scale, As release (up to 93 μg L(-1)) occurred under Fe-reducing conditions, whereas Sb release was favored under oxidizing conditions (up to 5 μg L(-1)) and particularity when dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased in soil pore water (up to 92.8 mg L(-1)). At laboratory scale, As and Sb release was much higher under reducing conditions (up to 138 and 1 μg L(-1), respectively) compared to oxic conditions (up to 6 and 0.5 μg L(-1), respectively) and was enhanced by NO3 (-) and PO4 (3-) addition (increased by a factor of 2.3 for As and 1.6 for Sb). The higher release of As and Sb in the enriched reduced soil compared to the non-enriched soil was probably induced by the combined effect of PO4 (3-) and HCO3 (-) which compete for the same binding sites of soil surfaces. Modeling results using Visual Minteq were in accordance with experimental results regarding As but failed in simulating the effects of PO4 (3-) and HCO3 (-) on Sb release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Rouwane
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Marion Rabiet
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
| | - Malgorzata Grybos
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Guillaume Bernard
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
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50
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Richard JH, Bischoff C, Ahrens CGM, Biester H. Mercury (II) reduction and co-precipitation of metallic mercury on hydrous ferric oxide in contaminated groundwater. Sci Total Environ 2016; 539:36-44. [PMID: 26352645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) speciation and sorption analyses in contaminated aquifers are useful for understanding transformation, retention, and mobility of Hg in groundwater. In most aquifers hydrous ferric oxides (HFOs) are among the most important sorbents for trace metals; however, their role in sorption or mobilization of Hg in aquifers has been rarely analyzed. In this study, we investigated Hg chemistry and Hg sorption to HFO under changing redox conditions in a highly HgCl2-contaminated aquifer (up to 870μgL(-1) Hg). Results from aqueous and solid phase Hg measurements were compared to modeled (PHREEQC) data. Speciation analyses of dissolved mercury indicated that Hg(II) forms were reduced to Hg(0) under anoxic conditions, and adsorbed to or co-precipitated with HFO. Solid phase Hg thermo-desorption measurements revealed that between 55 and 93% of Hg bound to HFO was elemental Hg (Hg(0)). Hg concentrations in precipitates reached more than 4 weight %, up to 7000 times higher than predicted by geochemical models that do not consider unspecific sorption to and co-precipitation of elemental Hg with HFO. The observed process of Hg(II) reduction and Hg(0) formation, and its retention and co-precipitation by HFO is thought to be crucial in HgCl2-contaminated aquifers with variable redox-conditions regarding the related decrease in Hg solubility (factor of ~10(6)), and retention of Hg in the aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Helge Richard
- Institut für Geoökologie, Abt. Umweltgeochemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Bischoff
- Institut für Geoökologie, Abt. Umweltgeochemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian G M Ahrens
- Institut für Geoökologie, Abt. Umweltgeochemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Harald Biester
- Institut für Geoökologie, Abt. Umweltgeochemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
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