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Nahim-Granados S, Quon H, Polo-López MI, Oller I, Agüera A, Jiang S. Assessment of antibiotic-resistant infection risks associated with reclaimed wastewater irrigation in intensive tomato cultivation. Water Res 2024; 254:121437. [PMID: 38479171 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural irrigation using reclaimed urban wastewater (RWW) represents a sustainable practice to meet the ever-increasing water stress in modern societies. However, the occurrence of residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in RWW is an important human health concern. This study applied for the first time a novel Simple-Death dose-response model to the field data of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. collected from three greenhouses for cultivation of tomatoes irrigated with RWW. The model estimates the risk of infection by enteropathogenic E. coli associated with consumption of tomatoes and the risk of eye-infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cultivation soil through hand-to-eye contacts. The fraction of antibiotic resistant (AR)-E. coli measured in irrigation water and AR-Pseudomonas spp. in soil was incorporated in the model to estimate the survival of ARB and antibiotic susceptible bacteria in the presence of trace level of antibiotics in human body. The results showed that the risk of E. coli infection through consumption of tomatoes irrigated with RWW is within the WHO and USEPA recommended risk threshold (<10-4); Pseudomonas aeruginosa eye-infection risk is at or below the acceptable risk level. The presence of residual antibiotic in human body reduced the overall risk probabilities of infections but selectively enhanced the survival of ARB in comparison to their susceptible counterparts, which resulted in antibiotic untreatable infection. Therefore, the outcomes of this study call for a new risk threshold for antibiotic untreatable infections and highlight the key importance of adopting work safety measures for better human health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Nahim-Granados
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería 04120, Spain.
| | - Hunter Quon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - María Inmaculada Polo-López
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain; CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - Isabel Oller
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain; CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - Ana Agüera
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain; CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - Sunny Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA.
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Biswas B, Ghosh T, Chakraborty D, Banerjee S, Mandal BN, Saha S. Modelling the impact of different irrigation regimes and mulching on strawberry crop growth and water use in the arsenic-contaminated Bengal basin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9586. [PMID: 38671003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Replacement of water-intensive winter rice with strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) may restrict groundwater extraction and improve water productivity and sustainability of agricultural production in the arsenic-contaminated Bengal basin. The potential of strawberry cultivation in terms of yield obtained and water use efficiency need to be evaluated under predominant soil types with mulch applications. Water-driven model AquaCrop was used to predict the canopy cover, soil water storage and above-ground biomass of strawberry in an arsenic-contaminated area in the Bengal basin. After successful calibration and validation over three seasons, AquaCrop was used over a range of management scenarios (nine drip-irrigation × three soil types × four mulch materials) to identify the best irrigation options for a drip-irrigated strawberry crop. The most appropriate irrigation of 176 mm for clay loam soil in lowland and 189 mm for sandy clay loam in medium land rice areas and the use of organic mulch from locally available jute agrotextile improved 1.4 times higher yield and 1.7 times higher water productivity than that of without mulch. Strawberry can be introduced as an alternative crop replacing rice in non-traditional upland and medium land areas of the arsenic-contaminated Bengal basin with 88% lower groundwater extraction load and better economic return to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benukar Biswas
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India.
| | - Tridiv Ghosh
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Saon Banerjee
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Baidya Nath Mandal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sarathi Saha
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India
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Ahmed AMA, Khalid KA, Zaki FSA. Investigating foliar application of bulk and nanoparticles titanium dioxide on fennel productivity to mitigate the negative effects of saline irrigation water. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:317. [PMID: 38654169 PMCID: PMC11036655 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fennel essential oils are fragrance compounds used in food and pharmaceutical sectors. One of the major impediments to expansion of fennel farming in Egypt's reclamation areas is saline water. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) or TiO2 nano particles (TiO2NP) can be utilized to boost the yield of aromatic plants cultivated under saline irrigation water. Saline water, particularly which contains sodium chloride can harm fennel plant; consequently, it was predicted that fennel production would fail in Egypt's reclaimed area, where the primary source of irrigation is groundwater consisting sodium chloride. This study sought to help fennel respond to sodium chloride by applying Ti forms to their leaves in order to reduce the detrimental effects of sodium chloride on them for expanding their production in the newly reclamation areas as a natural source of essential oil. Ti forms were applied as foliar application at 0, 0.1, 0.2 TiO2, 0.1 TiO2NP, and 0.2 TiO2NP, mM under irrigation with fresh water (0.4 dS m-1), or saline water (51.3 mM or 4.7 dS m-1). RESULTS Plants exposed to 0.1 mM TiO2NP under fresh water resulted in the maximum values of morphological characters, estragole, oxygenated monoterpenes and photosynthetic pigments; while those subjected to 0.1 mM TiO2NP under saline water gave the greatest values of essential oil, proline, antioxidant enzymes and phenols. The greatest amounts of soluble sugars were recorded with 0.2 mM TiO2NP irrigated with saline water. Plants subjected to 0 mM TiO2 under saline water produced the greatest values of flavonoids, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde. CONCLUSION To mitigate the negative effects of salty irrigation water on fennel plant production, TiO2NP application is suggested as a potential strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha M A Ahmed
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Khalid A Khalid
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt.
| | - Faten S A Zaki
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
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Kale RB, Gavhane AD, Thorat VS, Gadge SS, Wayal SM, Gaikwad SY, Singh S, Khandagale KS, Bhat R, Mahajan V. Efficiency dynamics among onion growers in Maharashtra: a comparative analysis of drip irrigation adopters and non-adopters. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:237. [PMID: 38566021 PMCID: PMC10988828 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onions are economically and nutritionally important vegetable crops. Despite advances in technology and acreage, Indian onion growers face challenges in realizing their full productivity potential. This study examines the technical efficiency of onion growers, the factors influencing it, and the constraints faced by those adopting drip irrigation in the Ghod river basin of western Maharashtra. A sample of 480 farmers including those practicing drip irrigation and those not practicing it, was selected from Junnar, Shirur, Parner, and Shrigonda blocks of the basin. The primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Analytical tools such as the Cobb-Douglas production function (represents technological relationship between multiple inputs and the resulting output), a single-stage stochastic frontier model, the Tobit model, and descriptive statistics were used to assess the technical efficiency of onion production at the farm level. RESULTS According to the maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic frontier analysis, drip adopters exhibited a mean technical efficiency of 92%, while for non-adopters it was 65%. It indicates that the use of drip irrigation technology is associated with higher technical efficiency. The association of technical efficiency and socio-economic characters of households showed that education, extension contacts, social participation, and use of information sources had a positive influence on technical efficiency, while family size had a negative influence on the drip irrigation adopters. For non-drip adopters, significant positive effects were observed for landholding, extension contact, and information source use. The major constraints faced by drip system adopters included a lack of knowledge about the proper operating techniques for drip systems and the cost of maintenance. CONCLUSION The differences with inputs associated with two irrigation methods showed that the response of inputs to increase onion yield is greater for farmers who use drip irrigation than for farmers who do not, and are a result of the large differences in the technical efficiencies. These inefficiencies and other limitations following the introduction of drip irrigation, such as lack of knowledge about the proper operations, need to be addressed through tailored training for farmers and further interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv B Kale
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | | | | | - S S Gadge
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar M Wayal
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivam Y Gaikwad
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharadveer Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Rohini Bhat
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Mahajan
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Mehraban M, Marghmaleki SN, Sarang A, Azar NA. Developing climate change adaptation pathways in the agricultural sector based on robust decision-making approach (case study: Sefidroud Irrigation Network, Iran). Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:378. [PMID: 38499847 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Allocation of water in the situation of climate change presents various uncertainties. Consequently, decisions must be made to ensure stability and functionality across different climatic scenarios. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector, including a 5% increase in irrigation efficiency (S1) and a shift in irrigation method to Dry-DSR (direct seeded rice) under conditions of climatic uncertainty using a decision-making approach. The study focuses on the basin downstream of the Sefidroud dam, encompassing the Sefidroud irrigation and drainage network. Initially, basin modeling was conducted using the WEAP integrated management software for the period 2006-2020. Subsequently, the impact of climate change was assessed, considering RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emission scenarios on surface water resources from 2021 to 2050. Runoff and cultivated area, both subject to uncertainty, were identified as key parameters. To evaluate strategy performance under different uncertainties and determine the efficacy of each strategy, regret and satisfaction approaches were employed. Results indicate a projected decrease in future rainfall by 3.5-11.8% compared to the base period, accompanied by an increase in maximum and minimum temperatures (0.83-1.62 °C and 1.15-1.33 °C, respectively). Inflow to the Sefidroud dam is expected to decrease by 13-28%. Presently, the Sefidroud irrigation and drainage network faces an annual deficit of 505.4 MCM, and if current trends persist with the impact of climate change, this shortfall may increase to 932.7 MCM annually. Furthermore, satisfaction indices for strategy (S2) are 0.77 in an optimistic scenario and 0.70 in strategy (S1). In a pessimistic scenario, these indices are 0.67 and 0.56, respectively. Notably, changing the irrigation method with Dry-DSR is recommended as a robust strategy, demonstrating the ability to maintain basin stability under a broad range of uncertainties and climate change scenarios. It is crucial to note that the results solely highlight the effects of climate change on water sources entering the Sefidroud dam. Considering anthropogenic activities upstream of the Sefidroud basin, water resource shortages are expected to increase. Therefore, reallocating water resources and implementing practical and appropriate measures in this area are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mehraban
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amin Sarang
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Arya Azar
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Probst E, Fader M, Mauser W. The water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus in the Danube River Basin: Exploring scenarios and implications of maize irrigation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:169405. [PMID: 38123083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) nexus concept postulates that water, energy production, agriculture and ecosystems are closely interlinked. In transboundary river basins, different sectors and countries compete for shared water resources. In the Danube River Basin (DRB), possible expansion of agricultural irrigation is expected to intensify water competition in the WEFE nexus, however, trade-offs have not yet been quantified. Here, we quantified trade-offs between agriculture, hydropower and (aquatic) ecosystems in the DRB resulting from maize irrigation when irrigation water was withdrawn from rivers. Using the process-based hydro-agroecological model PROMET, we simulated three maize scenarios for the period 2011-2020: (i) rainfed; (ii) irrigated near rivers without considering environmental flow requirements (EFRs); (iii) irrigated near rivers with water abstractions complying with EFRs. Maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 101-125 % and 29-34 % under irrigation compared to rainfed cultivation. Irrigation water withdrawals from rivers resulted in moderate to severe discharge reductions and, without consideration of EFRs, to substantial EFR infringements. Annual hydropower production decreased by 1.0-1.9 % due to discharge reductions. However, the financial turnover increase in agriculture (5.8-7.2 billion €/a) was two orders of magnitude larger than the financial turnover decrease in hydropower (23.9-47.8 million €/a), making water more profitable in agriculture. Irrigation WUE was highest for EFR-compliant irrigation, indicating that maintaining EFRs is economically beneficial and that improving WUE is key to attenuating nexus water competition. Current maize production could be met on the most productive 35-41 % of current maize cropland under irrigation, allowing 59-65 % to be returned to nature without loss of production. Maize priority areas were on fertile lowlands near major rivers, while biodiversity priority areas were on marginal cropland of highest biodiversity intactness. Our quantitative trade-off analysis can help identifying science-based pathways for sustainable WEFE nexus management in the DRB, also in light of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Probst
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Luisenstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marianela Fader
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Luisenstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mauser
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Luisenstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany; VISTA Inc., Gabelsbergerstraße 51, D-80333 Munich, Germany
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7
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Yang L, Song X, Ma Y, Gong L, Zhao Z. Soil Water Movement and Groundwater Recharge Under Different Land Uses in a Flood-Irrigated Area. Ground Water 2024; 62:212-225. [PMID: 37254684 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The water shortage in agriculture area in China requires to reduce the consumption of excessive water in flood irrigation. Therefore, the dynamics of soil water regime is needed to investigate and water-saving irrigation is necessary to alleviate water shortage. This study investigated the impact of flood irrigation on soil water movement and recharge to groundwater in the Yellow River irrigation area of Yinchuan Plain, China. Combining comprehensive field observation, stable isotopic techniques and water balance simulation, we described the soil water mechanism in vadose zone covered with bare soil in 2019 and planted with maize in 2020. The soil layers affected by precipitation infiltration and evaporation were mainly 0-50 cm, while the soil influenced by irrigation was the entire profile in the mode of piston flow. The maize root took up the soil water up to the depth of 100 cm during the tasseling period. The infiltration and capillary rise in 2020 were similar with those in 2019. However, the total deep percolation was 156.5 mm in 2020 which was about 50% of that in 2019 because of the maize root water uptake. The leakage of ditch water was the major recharge resource of groundwater for the fast water table rise. Precise irrigation is required to minimize deep percolation and leakage of ditch water and reduce excessive unproductive evapotranspiration. Therefore, understanding the soil water movement and groundwater recharge is critical for agricultural water management to improve irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Geographic Environment Comprehensive Observation and Simulation, Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfang Song
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Geographic Environment Comprehensive Observation and Simulation, Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxue Ma
- Department of Basic Geological Environment Investigation, Ningxia Geological Survey Institute, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Basic Geological Environment Investigation, Ningxia Geological Survey Institute, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Ecological Geological Investigation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology of Ningxia, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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Zhou S, Wang G, Zhang J, Dang H, Gao Y, Sun J. Long-term saline water irrigation has the potential to balance greenhouse gas emissions and cotton yield in North China plain. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120087. [PMID: 38215592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Saline water has proven to be one of the alternative sources of freshwater for agricultural irrigation in water-scarce areas. However, the changes in farmland ecology caused by saline water irrigation remain unclear. In this study, six irrigation water salinities (CK: 1.3 dS m-1, S1: 3.4 dS m-1, S2: 7.1 dS m-1, S3: 10.6 dS m-1, S4: 14.1 dS m-1, S5: 17.7 dS m-1) were set in a three-year (2019, 2021-2022) experiment to investigate their effects on soil environment and greenhouse gas emissions in cotton fields under long-term saline water irrigation. Results show that soil salinity in the same layer increased as increasing water salinity. Soil moisture of S3-S5 increased significantly by 4.99-12.94%. There was no significant difference in soil organic matter content between CK and S1. Saline water irrigation increased soil ammonium nitrogen content by 0.57-49.26%, while decreasing nitrate nitrogen content by 1.43-32.03%. Soil CO2 and N2O emissions and CH4 uptake were lower in S1-S5 than in CK at different cotton growth stages. In addition, saline water irrigation reduced the global warming potential by 6.93-53.86%. A structural equation model was developed to show that soil salinity, moisture, and ammonium nitrogen content were negatively correlated with global warming potential, while organic matter and nitrate nitrogen had positive effects on global warming potential. Considering the comprehensive perspectives of gas emissions and cotton yield, irrigation water with salinity less than 10.6 dS m-1 could effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cotton fields while maintaining stable cotton yields in the experimental area and similar region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453002, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guangshuai Wang
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Hongkai Dang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Drought Resistance Research of Hebei Province /Institute of Dryland Farming, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, 053000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
| | - Jingsheng Sun
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
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9
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Li YL, Zhang SQ, Guo WZ, Zheng WG, Zhao Q, Yu WY, Li JS. Effects of irrigation scheduling on the yield and irrigation water productivity of cucumber in coconut coir culture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2944. [PMID: 38316801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimum irrigation scheduling is important for ensuring high yield and water productivity in substrate-cultivated vegetables and is determined based on information such as substrate water content, meteorological parameters, and crop growth. The aim of this study was to determine a precise irrigation schedule for coconut coir culture in a solar greenhouse by comparing the irrigation, evapotranspiration (ET), substrate water content (VWC), as well as the crop growth indices and yield of cucumber, and irrigation water productivity (IWP) under three irrigation schedules: the soil moisture sensor-based method (T-VWC), the accumulated radiation combined with soil moisture sensor-based method (Rn-VWC), and the crop evapotranspiration estimated method using the hourly PM-ETo equation with an improved calculation of Kc (T-ETc). The results showed that the daily irrigation and evapotranspiration amount were the highest under T-VWC treatment, while the lowest under T-ETc treatment. In different meteorological environments, the change in irrigation amount was more consistent with the ET,and the VWC was relatively stable in T-ETc treatment compared with that under T-VWC or Rn-VWC treatments. The plant height, leaves number, leaf area, and stem diameter of T-VWC and Rn-VWC treatments were higher than those of the T-ETc treatments, but there was no significant difference in cucumber yield. Compared with the T-VWC treatment, total irrigation amount under Rn-VWC and T-ETc treatments significantly decreased by 25.75% and 34.04%, respectively ([Formula: see text]). The highest IWP values of 25.07 kg m[Formula: see text] was achieved from T-ETc treatment with significantly increasing by 44.33% compared to the T-VWC treatment (17.37 kg m[Formula: see text]). In summary, the T-ETc treatment allowed more reasonable irrigation management and was appropriate for growing cucumber in coconut coir culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Li Li
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Si-Qi Zhang
- Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Guo
- Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wen-Gang Zheng
- Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wen-Ya Yu
- Beijing Cuihu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jian-She Li
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
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Wang C, Zhao J, Gao Z, Feng Y, Chu Q. Cleaner tillage and irrigation options for food-water-energy-carbon synergism in wheat-maize cropping systems. Environ Res 2024; 242:117710. [PMID: 37996001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The conventional wheat-maize systems in the North China Plain are energy and water intensive with high carbon emissions. It is imperative to find cleaner production technologies for sustainable food-water-energy-carbon synergism. Here, a three-year field experiment was performed to explore the effects of two tillage modes and four irrigation regimes during wheat season on crop yield, economic profile, water use efficiency, energy utilization, and carbon footprint in typical wheat-maize cropping systems in the North China Plain. Pre-sowing irrigation resulted in the lowest crop yield and benefit profile. Pre-sowing + anthesis irrigation decreased economic benefit and water use efficiency with higher carbon footprint. Pre-sowing + jointing + anthesis irrigation led to the greatest energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. However, pre-sowing + jointing irrigation increased yield by 2.3-8.7%, economic benefit by 4.0-11.1%, water use efficiency by 7.4-10.9%, and net energy by 6.5-12.0% but reduced carbon footprint by 9.8-14.3% compared to pre-sowing + anthesis irrigation and pre-sowing + jointing + anthesis irrigation. The corresponding metrics in rotary tillage improved by 9.6%, 13.9%, 7.0%, and 14.2%, respectively, relative to subsoiling, whereas carbon footprint decreased by 12.4-17.2%. Besides, rotary tillage coupled with additional jointing irrigation obtained the highest value based on a Z-score method, which was recommended as a cleaner management practice to improve benefit return and water use efficiency with lower energy consumption and carbon footprint. This work provides valuable insights into food-water-energy-carbon nexus for ensuring food security and achieving environmental sustainability in the wheat-maize cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jiongchao Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yupeng Feng
- National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing, 100125, China.
| | - Qingquan Chu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Wang F, Zhou ZH, Han DR, Wang M, Wei QG, Luo XB, Gao R, Zhang ZR, Fang JC. Research progress in parameterizing irrigation and fertilization in land surface model. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2024; 35:543-554. [PMID: 38523113 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202402.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Under the context of global climate change and growing population, irrigation and fertilization have become important ways to ensure food production, with consequences on water cycling, energy flow, and materials cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. In the land surface model (LSM), coupling irrigation and fertilization schemes are of great importance for clearly understanding the land-atmosphere interactions to ensure food security. We reviewed the expression methods of three key parameters, namely, the applied method, usage, and time in the parameterization process of irrigation and fertilization (nitrogen fertilizer) in LSM. We found that the ways to irrigate and ferti-lize in LSM are different from the ways used in actual practice due to the limitation of the high resolution of spatio-temporal data, which makes it difficult to understand the actual influences of irrigation and fertilization on grain yield, environment, and local climate. Finally, we proposed future works: 1) taking the differences of crop water demand into account and making the different irrigation thresholds for different crops to properly evaluate the total and intensity of water consumption of different crops; 2) using the field records and the regional grid data of fertilization and irrigation developed in recent years to develop parameterized schemes that are more in line with actual agricultural operations, which can accurately reveal their economic, ecological, and climatic effects; 3) developing fertilization diagnosis scheme considering crop type, phenological stage, and soil basic fertility as the supplementary scheme in LSM, to improve the applicability and simulation accuracy of LSM in the areas without nitrogen fertilizer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Zi-Han Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Dong-Rui Han
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Qing-Gang Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Xiu-Bin Luo
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Jing-Chun Fang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Li T, Xu J, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Zhu T, Fan D, Liu J. Impacts of irrigation with treated livestock wastewater on the accumulation characteristic of ARGs in the farmland soil: a case study in Hohhot, China. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:26. [PMID: 38225519 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Irrigation with treated livestock wastewater (TWW) is a promising strategy for reusing resources. However, TWW irrigation might introduce antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) into the soil, posing environmental risks associated with antibiotic resistance. This study focuses on investigating the influence of irrigation amounts and duration on the fate of ARGs and identifies key factors driving their changes. The results showed that there were 13 ARGs in TWW, while only 5 ARGs were detected in irrigated soil. That is some introduced ARGs from TWW could not persistently exist in the soil. After 1-year irrigation, an increase in irrigation amount from 0.016 t/m2 to 0.048 t/m2 significantly enhanced the abundance of tetC by 29.81%, while ermB and sul2 decreased by 45.37% and 76.47%, respectively (p < 0.01). After 2-year irrigation, the abundance of tetC, ermB, ermF, dfrA1, and total ARGs significantly increased (p < 0.05) when the irrigation amount increased. The abundances of ARGs after 2-year irrigation were found to be 2.5-34.4 times higher than 1 year. Obviously, the irrigation years intensified the positive correlation between ARGs abundance and irrigation amount. TetC and ermF were the dominant genes resulting in the accumulation of ARGs. TWW irrigation increased the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil, which affected microbial community structure. The changes of the potential host were the determining factors driving the ARGs abundance. Our study demonstrated that continuous TWW irrigation for 2 years led to a substantial accumulation of ARGs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jifei Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Waste Resource Recycle, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Deliang Fan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China
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Mancuso G, Lavrnić S, Canet-Martí A, Zaheer A, Avolio F, Langergraber G, Toscano A. Performance of lagoon and constructed wetland systems for tertiary wastewater treatment and potential of reclaimed water in agricultural irrigation. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119278. [PMID: 37832301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses challenges to agricultural water resources, both in terms of quantity and quality. As an adaptation measure, the new European Regulation (EU) 2020/741 establishes different water quality classes for the use of reclaimed water in agricultural irrigation. Italy is also working on the definition of a new regulation on reclaimed water reuse for agricultural irrigation (in substitution of the current one) that will also include the specific requirements imposed by the European one. Nature-based Solutions (NBS) can be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to facilitate water reclamation and reuse. The present study reports the outcomes of a long-term monitoring campaign of two NBS (e.g., a constructed wetland (CW) and a lagoon system (LS)) comparing influent and effluent concentrations of different contaminants (e.g., E. coli, BOD5, TSS, TN and TP) with the threshold values imposed by the new regulations. The results showed that in both the case studies, E. coli (about 100 CFU 100 mL-1) and BOD5 (lower than 25 mg L-1) mean effluent concentration need to be further reduced in reclaimed water to be suitable for unlimited reuse. As a negative aspect, in both the monitored NBS, an increase in TSS mean concentration in the effluent was observed, up to 40 mg L-1 in the case of the LS, making reclaimed water unsuitable for agricultural reuse. The CW has proven to be more effective in nitrogen removal (the effluent mean concentration was 3.4 mg L-1), whereas the LS was better at phosphorus removal (with an effluent mean concentration of 0.4 mg L-1). Based on the results, recommendations were made to further improve the performance of both systems in order to have adequate water quality, even for class A. Furthermore, the capacity of reclaimed water to meet crop water and nutrient needs was analyzed, and total nitrogen removal rate coefficients were calculated for the design of future LSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mancuso
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, viale Giuseppe Fanin 50, Bologna, 40127, Italy.
| | - Stevo Lavrnić
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, viale Giuseppe Fanin 50, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Alba Canet-Martí
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Ammad Zaheer
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, viale Giuseppe Fanin 50, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Francesco Avolio
- HERA SpA - Water Direction, via Razzaboni 80, Modena, 41122, Italy
| | - Guenter Langergraber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Attilio Toscano
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, viale Giuseppe Fanin 50, Bologna, 40127, Italy
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14
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Wu P, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu H, Shao J, Zhao Z, Qiao Y, Liu C, Liu S, Gao C, Guan X, Wen P, Wang T. Optimizing irrigation strategies for sustainable crop productivity and reduced groundwater consumption in a winter wheat-maize rotation system. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119469. [PMID: 37924695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient irrigation practices have hindered crop yields, wasted irrigation water resources, and posed threats to groundwater levels and agricultural sustainability. This study evaluated different irrigation strategies for a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system to identify sustainable practices for maintaining yields while reducing groundwater depletion. A two-year field experiment was conducted, implementing three optimized irrigation strategies during the winter wheat season: I-4 (irrigated until the soil water content (SWC) of the 40 cm soil layer reaches 60% of field capacity (FC), I-6 (irrigated until the SWC of the 60 cm soil layer reaches 80% FC), and a rainfed (R) as control. Irrigation was repeated when the SWC dropped to the specified level. No irrigation level was used during the summer maize season, except for irrigation after sowing that ensuring the normal emergence of maize. WHCNS (Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator) model was developed to simulate soil water dynamics, field water consumption, and yield of both crops. The result indicated WHCNS model accurately simulated water dynamics, consumption, and grain yield. Compared to R treatment, the I-4 treatment significantly increased annual crop yield by 19.83%-28.65% (p < 0.05), while maintaining similar crop water productivity. Furthermore, the I-4 treatment achieved comparable yields to the I-6 treatment, but with a 33.91% reduction in irrigation water use, resulting in a 33.46% increase in crop water productivity and a 90.53% increase in irrigation water productivity. From a sustainable perspective, the I-4 treatment effectively reduced field water losses and maintained relatively high soil water storage, particularly in the topsoil, which was beneficial for the early growth of subsequent crops. The R treatment greatly contributed to groundwater recharge when precipitation was sufficient, while it led to severe yield losses. Overall, under the condition of annual rotation planting systems, the I-4 treatment sustainably maintained yields with less irrigation, decreasing groundwater consumption. This approach could conserve regional water resources and groundwater table while upholding agricultural productivity and achieving system sustainable water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengnian Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yuming Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Haolin Yu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Jing Shao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yibo Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Changshuo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Shuimiao Liu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Chenkai Gao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Xiaokang Guan
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Pengfei Wen
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Tongchao Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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15
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Sepehri S, Abdoli S, Asgari Lajayer B, Astatkie T, Price GW. Changes in phytochemical properties and water use efficiency of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) using superabsorbent polymer under drought stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21989. [PMID: 38081886 PMCID: PMC10713560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Water consumption management and the application of advanced techniques in the agricultural sector can significantly contribute to the efficient utilization of limited water resources. This can be achieved by improving soil texture, increasing water retention, reducing erosion, and enhancing seedling germination through the use of superabsorbent polymers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Aquasource superabsorbent (AS) on the morphological characteristics, phytochemical properties, antioxidant content, and water use efficiency of peppermint. It was conducted under different irrigation management and using different superabsorbent levels. Therefore, a 3 × 4 factorial design was used to determine the effects of irrigation intervals (2-, 4-, and 6-day) and different levels of AS amount (zero [control], 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%). The effects of these factors on various parameters (morphological characteristics, essential oil percentage, nutrient, protein, proline, carotenoid, antioxidant, and chlorophyll content, leaf area index, relative water content, and water use efficiency [WUE]) were evaluated. The results showed that morphological characteristics and essential oil percentage decreased significantly under drought stress (increasing the irrigation intervals). However, the addition of 0.5 (wt%) AS improved plant growth conditions. Increasing the amount of superabsorbent used to 1 and 2 (wt%) decreased the measured traits, which indicates the creation of unsuitable conditions for plant growth. AS application improved the growth of the root more than the leaf yield of peppermint. A 0.5 (wt%) addition of AS resulted in root length increases of 3, 13, and 15%, respectively, at irrigation intervals of 2, 4, and 6 days, respectively. Additionally, at 0.5 (wt%) AS, root weight increased by 8, 15, and 16% in 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals, respectively. Also, the height of the plant increased by 3, 5, and 17% at 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals when 0.5 (wt%) of AS was used compared to the control. As well, essential oil percentage increased by 2.14, 2.06, and 1.63% at 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals. The nutrient and protein contents decreased as irrigation intervals and AS usage increased, indicating a similar trend. However, compared with the control, the addition of 0.5 (wt%) of AS resulted in some improvements in nutrients and protein. The highest WUE (3.075 kg m-3) was attained in the 4-day irrigation interval and 1 wt% AS addition. This was followed closely by the 2-day irrigation interval with 1 wt% AS addition at 3.025 kg m-3, and the 4-day irrigation interval with 0.5 wt% AS addition, which reached 2.941 kg m-3. Overall, the use of AS in appropriate amounts (0.5 wt%) can reduce water consumption and enhance essential oil yield and WUE in peppermint cultivation in water-scarce arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloome Sepehri
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31585-845, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sima Abdoli
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6135743136, Iran.
| | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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Abdelgawad ZA, Abd El-Wahed MN, Ahmed AA, Madbouly SM, El-Sayyad GS, Khalafallah AA. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation and health risk in three essential edible weeds grown on wastewater irrigated soil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21768. [PMID: 38066115 PMCID: PMC10709593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The main problem facing Egypt recently is the shortage of available water resources. Therefore, farmers resort to use wastewater for irrigation. So, the present work aims to assess the impacts of wastewater irrigation on the productivity of three edible weeds (Cichorium endivia, Sonchus oleraceous and Beta vulgaris) and its effect on the nutritional value of plants and its risk on human health. This study will focus on Shibin Al Kanater region, and the physicochemical characteristics of drainage water, canal water, drainage water-irrigated soils and canal-irrigated soils were estimated. The vegetative and traits of edible weeds were determined including their photosynthetic pigments, organic and inorganic nutrients content, and heavy metals content. The health risk index (HRI) associated with consumption of polluted plants was created using the estimated exposure factor of a crop to the oral reference dosage of the toxic metal. The main results showed that biomass productivity of S. oleraceous, B. vulgaris and C. endivia increased due to drainage water irrigation with increasing percentage as 27.9, 19.6, and 19.1%, respectively. Irrigation with drainage water significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments of edible weeds. Irrigation with drainage water increased carbohydrate content, crude protein, total soluble sugar, and gross energy in all studied weeds. C. endivia, S. oleraceus and B. vulgaris plants irrigated with canal and drainage water could accumulate Fe, Zn, Cu, and Co in their roots. C. endivia, S. oleraceus and B. vulgaris plants irrigated with canal water indicated HRI more than the unit for Mn, Cu, Pb, and Cd. This research advises that regulation be put in place to prohibit irrigation using untreated drainage and to restrict the discharge of industrial, domestic, and agricultural wastewater into irrigation canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab A Abdelgawad
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona N Abd El-Wahed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Ahmed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seliem M Madbouly
- Chemistry Lab, Fresh Water Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisher (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt.
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Lab, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Khalafallah
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhao J, Xu Y, Xu X, Liu S, Hao T, Qu W, Li M, Shi Y, Zhao C. Effects of supplemental irrigation on grain yield and water and nitrogen efficiencies of winter wheat in the North China Plain. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7484-7493. [PMID: 37406162 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aiming at unbalanced coordination of irrigation and fertilization of winter wheat in the eastern North China Plain, this study investigated the effect of fertigation on wheat grain yield, grain quality, and water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in seven irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments. Under the field conditions, the traditional irrigation and fertilization method (total N amount of 240 kg ha-1 , application of 90 kg ha-1 at sowing irrigation at jointing and anthesis, with topdressing N of 150 kg ha-1 at jointing) was used as the control (CK). There were six fertigation treatments to compare with CK. For the fertigation treatments, the total amount of N application was set to 180 kg ha-1 and 90 kg ha-1 was applied at sowing and the remaining N fertilizer was applied through fertigation. The fertigation treatments included the combination of three fertigation frequencies (S2: at jointing and anthesis; S3: at jointing, anthesis, and filling; S4: at jointing, booting, anthesis, and filling) and two soil water replenishment depths (M1: 0-10 cm; M2: 0-20 cm). The six treatments were S4M2, S4M1, S3M2, S3M1, S2M2, and S2M1. RESULT Compared with CK, three and four irrigations (S3 and S4) maintained higher soil and plant analyzer development value and photosynthetic rate after anthesis. These treatments increased soil water extraction while reducing crop water consumption during the whole growing season, promoted the assimilation and translocation of dry matter into the grain after anthesis, and increased the 1000-grain weight. These fertigation treatments also significantly increased WUE and NUE. At the same time, the high grain protein content and grain protein yield were maintained. Compared with the CK, high wheat yield was maintained by S3M1 (drip irrigation fertilizer at the jointing, anthesis, and filling, and the depth of the moisture replenishment is 10 cm). This fertigation treatment significantly increased yield by 7.6%, WUE by 30%, NUE by 41.4%, and partial factor productivity from applied N by 25.8%; grain yield, grain protein content, and grain protein yield also performed well. CONCLUSION Consequently, S3M1 treatment was suggested to be a good practice for reducing irrigation water and N input in the eastern North China Plain. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yufan Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianjia Hao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenkai Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changxing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Xu H, Yang R, Song J. Water rights reform and water-saving irrigation: evidence from China. Water Sci Technol 2023; 88:2779-2792. [PMID: 38096068 PMCID: wst_2023_385 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
As a market-based water resource management, the water rights reform (WRR) will allocate water rights to water users and allow water users to trade water rights, which can realize the reallocation across water users. In this context, the adoption of water-saving irrigation (WSI) is an important technical form to adapt to the reform. Based on this, this paper studies the impacts of the WRR on WSI using the difference-in-differences (DID) strategy. The results show that the WRR could increase the land area for WSI by an average of 13.63%. The WRR could promote the expansion of high-efficiency irrigation mainly because the WRR could promote the expansion of spray and drip irrigation areas, and micro-irrigation land areas, which are high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technologies. In addition, the WRR also could improve agricultural production by increasing agricultural water productivity and planting area (including the sown area of grain crops and cash crops), but the WRR does not reduce agricultural water extraction. Therefore, the WRR could increase agricultural production without increasing agricultural water extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China E-mail:
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfeng Song
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Yan W, Zheng Q, Yang L, Zhu S, Zhang Z, Xu H. Efficacy of drip irrigation with thiamethoxam on control of Monolepta hieroglyphica, and uptake, translocation and dietary risk of thiamethoxam in maize. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:4931-4941. [PMID: 37531559 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) is an important agricultural pest that causes significant economic losses in terms of crop production. Conventional pesticide spraying treatments can result in pesticide drift, endanger nontarget organisms and cause pests to fly away, resulting in unsatisfactory prevention and control effects. To study the effect of thiamethoxam on the control of maize M. hieroglyphica, a field experiment was conducted to determine the optimal thiamethoxam application dose, its spatial and temporal distribution dynamics, and its dietary risk based on its control effect when applied by spray and drip irrigation. RESULTS The results of the field trials showed that compared with spray irrigation, drip irrigation resulted in greater control starting from Day 5. This result was a consequence of the hysteresis effect of thiamethoxam being first absorbed by the roots and then continuously transferred upward, where it accumulates. After 30 days of drip irrigation with 75 and 150 g a.i. ha-1 thiamethoxam, the control effect on M. hieroglyphica was 32.41-49.44% and 69.77-80.57%, respectively. The results of the dietary risk assessment showed that the risk of thiamethoxam ingestion through maize kernels was acceptable regarding its effect on human health. CONCLUSIONS Drip irrigation with thiamethoxam can improve the effective utilization rate of pesticides, achieve precise control of maize M. hieroglyphica, and provide a new method for sustainable agricultural production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liupeng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Verlicchi P, Lacasa E, Grillini V. Quantitative and qualitative approaches for CEC prioritization when reusing reclaimed water for irrigation needs - A critical review. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165735. [PMID: 37495137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for irrigation is an option that is becoming increasingly widespread to alleviate water scarcity and to cope with drought. However, reclaimed water, if used for irrigation, may introduce Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) into the agroecosystems, which may be taken up by the crops and subsequently enter the food chain. The number of CECs is steadily increasing due to their continuous introduction on the market for different uses. There is an urgent need to draw up a short list of potential high priority CECs, which are substances that could be taken up by plants and accumulated in food produce, and/or that could have negative effects on human health and the environment. This review presents and discusses the approaches developed to prioritize CECs when reclaimed water is (re-)used for irrigation. They are divided into quantitative methodologies, which estimate the risk for environmental compartments (soil and water), predators and humans through equations, and qualitative methodologies, which are instead conceptual frameworks or procedures based on the simultaneous combination of data/information/practices with the judgment of experts. Three antibiotics (erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin), one estrogen (17-α ethinylestradiol) and one analgesic (ibuprofen) were found on at least two priority lists, although comparison among studies is still difficult. The review remarks that it is advisable to harmonize the different methodologies in order to identify the priority CECs to include in monitoring programs in reclaimed water reuse projects and to ensure a high level of protection for humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy.
| | - Engracia Lacasa
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
| | - Vittoria Grillini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara 44122, Italy.
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Salahou MK, Zhi W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Lü H, Jiao X. Improvement of the estimation of the infiltration function in surface irrigation systems. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291578. [PMID: 37972126 PMCID: PMC10653467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface irrigation systems are widely used on the North China Plain. The design of surface irrigation systems can be improved by developing simulation models including the advanced trajectory, recession trajectory, and infiltration time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to evaluate different models to simulate the advanced and recession trajectories, (2) to propose a new method that reduces the required observation data for estimating the infiltration time, and (3) to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed infiltration function based on the modified infiltration time function. Field experiments were conducted. The results indicated that the power function can represent the advanced and recession trajectories well. A modified function that describes the infiltration time has a high correlation and accuracy with the measured data and can be used to estimate the infiltration time. The proposed infiltration function based on the modified infiltration time function is accurate and can be used to estimate the infiltration function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khaled Salahou
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Northern Guangdong Soil Environment Observation and Research Station, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Land Resources in North Guangdong, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Northern Guangdong Soil Environment Observation and Research Station, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Land Resources in North Guangdong, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Northern Guangdong Soil Environment Observation and Research Station, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Land Resources in North Guangdong, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Haishen Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Ouyang Z, Tian J, Yan X, Yang Z. Micro-nano oxygenated irrigation improves the yield and quality of greenhouse cucumbers under-film drip irrigation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19453. [PMID: 37945608 PMCID: PMC10636108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the influence mechanism of micro-nano oxygenated irrigation (MNOI) on greenhouse fruit cucumber in arid and semi-arid cold regions, the yield and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber were evaluated and verified based on 2 years of observation data. Taking fruit cucumber in Ningxia solar greenhouse as the research object, three dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of MNOI (DO; 6, 7.5, and 9 mg L-1, O1, O2, and O3, respectively) and non-oxygenated irrigation (CK, 4 mg L-1) were set up as the control treatment. Through comparative design, the influence mechanism of different levels of aerobic irrigation on the yield and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber was studied. The main indicators of fruit cucumber yield and quality increased with dissolved oxygen in irrigation water from 4 to 9 mg L-1. In spring-summer (autumn-winter), compared with CK, the leaf area index (LAI) and net photosynthetic rate (A) increased by 28.83% (28.77%) and 44.90% (35.00%), respectively, and Vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble sugar, soluble solids and total acid content increased by 100.00% (51.88%), 37.78% (61.11%), 34.17% (54.17%), 37.07% (78.72%) and 26.92% (30.67%) respectively, while nitrate content decreased by 44.88% (51.15%), and dry matter accumulation (DMA), soil respiration rate (SRR), microbial carbon (MC), and microbial nitrogen (MN) increased by 49.81% (127.25%), 55.22% (110.34%), 117.50% (90.91%) and 70.37% (74.42%) respectively, and yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and soil oxygen content (SO) increased by 22.47% (28.04%), 22.39% (28.05%) and 33.21% (35.33%) respectively. A model of DO in irrigation water and SO was established and the applicability of the model was verified with an average relative error of 2% (less than 5%). MNOI increased SO and soil enzyme activity, enriched soil microorganisms, improved soil microenvironment, promoted water nutrient uptake and growth of root system, increased chlorophyll, photosynthesis and DMA, which improved fruit cucumber yield and quality, and the better DO concentration in irrigation water is 9 mg L-1. The research results provide theoretical support for regulating soil water, fertilizer and air environment, and at the same time, provide feasible ways to improve the quality and efficiency of crops in arid and semi-arid cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Ouyang
- College of Water Resource and Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Juncang Tian
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, No. 539 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving Irrigation and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xinfang Yan
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, No. 539 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving Irrigation and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhenfeng Yang
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, No. 539 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
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Kumar R, Mishra SK, Singh K, Al-Ashkar I, Iqbal MA, Muzamil MN, Habib ur Rahman M, El Sabagh A. Impact analysis of moisture stress on growth and yield of cotton using DSSAT-CROPGRO-cotton model under semi-arid climate. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16329. [PMID: 38025731 PMCID: PMC10640844 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate soil moisture around the root zone of the crops is essential for optimal plant growth and productivity throughout the crop season, whereas excessive as well as deficient moisture is usually detrimental. A field experiment was conducted on cotton (Gossipium hirsuttum) with three water regimes (viz. well-watered (control); rainfed after one post-sowing irrigation (1-POSI) and rainfed after two post-sowing irrigations (2-POSI)) in main plots and application of eight osmoprotectants in sub plots of Split plot design to quantify the loss of seed cotton yield (SCY) under high and mild moisture stress. The DSSAT-CROPGRO-cotton model was calibrated to validate the response of cotton crop to water stress. Results elucidated that in comparison of well watered (control) crop, 1-POSI and 2-POSI reduced plant height by 13.5-28.4% and lower leaf area index (LAI) by 21.6-37.6%. Pooled analysis revealed that SCY under control was higher by 1,127 kg ha-1 over 1-POSI and 597 kg ha-1 than 2-POSI. The DSSAT-CROPGRO-cotton model fairly simulated the cotton yield as evidenced by good accuracy (d-stat ≥ 0.92) along with lower root mean square error (RMSE) of ≤183.2 kg ha-1; mean absolute percent error (MAPE) ≤6.5% under different irrigation levels. Similarly, simulated and observed biomass also exhibited good agreement with ≥0.98 d-stat; ≤533.7 kg ha-1 RMSE; and ≤4.6% MAPE. The model accurately simulated the periodical LAI, biomass and soil water dynamics as affected by varying water regimes in conformity with periodical observations. Both the experimental and the simulated results confirmed the decline of SCY with any degree of water stress. Thus, a well calibrated DSSAT-CROPGRO-cotton model may be successfully used for estimating the crop performance under varying hydro-climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotash Kumar
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Mishra
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Kulvir Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Habib ur Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (IPBB), MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
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Penzy K, Muhammad S, Shahzad M, Hussain I, Khan SA, Abbasi AM, Khan I, Ahmad R. Industrial wastewater irrigation increased higher heavy metals uptake and expansins, metacaspases, and cystatin genes expression in Parthenium and maize. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1430. [PMID: 37940800 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater irrigation of agricultural crops can cause a lot of environmental and health problems in developing countries due to heavy metals deposition in agricultural soils as well as edible plant consumption by human beings. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the heavy metals concentration in industrial wastewater and soil irrigated with that wastewater. In addition, the aim was to determine the impact of industrial wastewater irrigation on Parthenium hysterophorus and Zea mays genes involved in growth improvement and inhibition. For this purpose, plant samples from agriculture fields irrigated with wastewater from Hattar Industrial Estate (HIE) of Haripur, Pakistan, and control plants from non-contaminated soil irrigated with tape water were collected after 15 and 45 days of germination. Heavy metals concentration in the collected plant samples, wastewater, and soil was determined. The results revealed that the soil of the sample collection site was predominantly contaminated with Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, and Cd up to the concentrations of 38.98, 21.14, 46.01, 155.73, 12.50, 68.50, and 7.01 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of these heavy metals were found to surpass the permissible limit in normal agricultural soil. Expansins, cystatins (plant growth enhancers), and metacaspases (plant growth inhibitor) gene expression were studied through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the expression of these genes was higher in samples collected from wastewater-irrigated soils as compared to control. The expression of these genes was observed in 45 days old samples, 15 days old samples, and control. Taken together, this study suggests the use of Parthenium and maize for phytoremediation and that they should not be used for eating purposes if irrigated with industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Penzy
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sabaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Weed Science and Botany, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Zarai B, Khaskhoussy K, Zouari M, Souguir D, Khammeri Y, Moussa M, Hachicha M. Smart control of soil water and salt content for improving irrigation management of tomato crop field: Kairouan area. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1408. [PMID: 37921997 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
A good assessment of soil water and salt content is required for sustainable irrigation with brackish/saline water. The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been initiated for the tomato crop (Savera variety) as part of the PRIMA MEDITOMATO project. An experiment was carried out between February and June 2022 at a farmer's site. For continuous soil water and salt content assessment, TEROS (11/12) probes were implemented at depths of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 60 cm. The data logging process was performed by a ZL6 device and delivered by the ZENTRA Cloud web application (METER GROUPE Company). For the accuracy of the introduced sensors, calibration tests were first processed. Results of the calibration of the probes in the laboratory and in situ showed linear relationships between the humidity values measured by ZL6 (θZL6) and those determined by the gravimetric method, with high correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.86 and 0.96, respectively. There were also strong linear relationships between the ECbulk(ZL6) and the ECe measured on saturated paste extract with high correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.96 and 0.95. Corrected data, according to the determined linear regression equations, present the real-time assessment of soil water and salt content over the entire growth stage of tomatoes. The results of this monitoring showed that soil water content remained close to its status at field capacity (32%) at the beginning of the assessment and increased with the intensification of irrigation, reaching 46 and 54% at 20 and 30 cm, respectively, around mid-April. The salinity level was greater with depth. Indeed, it was low in topsoil with the increase in irrigation frequency and higher at 30 and 60 cm toward the end of the tomato cycle. According to this study, real-time data given by ZENTRA Cloud allows us to adjust irrigation management on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Zarai
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests LR16INRGREF02, Non-Conventional Water Valorization, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, B.P no. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Khawla Khaskhoussy
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests LR16INRGREF02, Non-Conventional Water Valorization, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, B.P no. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Zouari
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests LR16INRGREF02, Non-Conventional Water Valorization, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, B.P no. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Dalila Souguir
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests LR16INRGREF02, Non-Conventional Water Valorization, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, B.P no. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Khammeri
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests LR16INRGREF02, Non-Conventional Water Valorization, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, B.P no. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Malak Moussa
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests LR16INRGREF02, Non-Conventional Water Valorization, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, B.P no. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hachicha
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests LR16INRGREF02, Non-Conventional Water Valorization, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, B.P no. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
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Zhang S, Rasool G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Guo X, Wei Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Wang T. Biochar and Chlorella increase rice yield by improving saline-alkali soil physicochemical properties and regulating bacteria under aquaculture wastewater irrigation. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139850. [PMID: 37604341 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of biochar and Chlorella under aquaculture wastewater irrigation in improving saline-alkali soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and rice yield, is not yet clear. This study utilized soil physicochemical indicators and gene sequencing to examine the effect of salinity stress, biochar and Chlorella under aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil properties, bacterial community compositions, and rice production. Treatments included three factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications: (i) Biochar - 40 tons ha -1 (BW) versus no-biochar (BN); (ii) Salinity - 3‰ salinity (SH) versus 1‰ salinity (SL); and (iii) Chlorella - with 107 cells mL -1 Chlorella (CW) versus no-Chlorella (CN). The results revealed that increased salinity adversely affected the soil nutrients (TOC, NO3⁻-N, NH4+-N, Olsen-P), and enzyme activity (urease, sucrase, catalase), resulting in a 9.67% reduction in rice yield compared to SL treatment. However, the close correlation between alterations in soil bacterial communities, functions, and soil physicochemical properties, as well as rice yield, indicated that biochar and Chlorella promoted rice yield by enhancing the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil and bacterial community when irrigated with aquaculture wastewater: (1) addition of biochar increased the146.05% rice yield by increasing TOC content, the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence patterns, nitrogen fixation potential, and nitrification potential, (2) addition of Chlorella increased TOC, NO3⁻-N, NH4+-N, enhanced urease, sucrase, catalase activity, and nitrification potential to increased rice yield by 60.29%, and (3) compared with the treatment T3 (SHBNCN), the treatments with biochar (BW) and Chlorella (CW) increased the yield by 561.30% and 445.03% under 1‰ and 3‰ salinity, respectively. These findings provide novel perspectives on the capacity of biochar and Chlorella to improve saline-alkali soil properties and increase rice yield irrigated with aquaculture wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Xiangping Guo
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China.
| | - Zhejun Wei
- Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Department, Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo, 532415, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Institute of Rural Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, 210017, China
| | - Tongshun Wang
- Institute of Rural Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, 210017, China
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Al-Hazmi HE, Mohammadi A, Hejna A, Majtacz J, Esmaeili A, Habibzadeh S, Saeb MR, Badawi M, Lima EC, Mąkinia J. Wastewater reuse in agriculture: Prospects and challenges. Environ Res 2023; 236:116711. [PMID: 37487927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable water recycling and wastewater reuse are urgent nowadays considering water scarcity and increased water consumption through human activities. In 2015, United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UN SDG6) highlighted the necessity of recycling wastewater to guarantee water availability for individuals. Currently, wastewater irrigation (WWI) of crops and agricultural land appears essential. The present work overviews the quality of treated wastewater in terms of soil microbial activities, and discusses challenges and benefits of WWI in line with wastewater reuse in agriculture and aquaculture irrigation. Combined conventional-advanced wastewater treatment processes are specifically deliberated, considering the harmful impacts on human health arising from WWI originating from reuse of contaminated water (salts, organic pollutants, toxic metals, and microbial pathogens i.e., viruses and bacteria). The comprehensive literature survey revealed that, in addition to the increased levels of pathogen and microbial threats to human wellbeing, poorly-treated wastewater results in plant and soil contamination with toxic organic/inorganic chemicals, and microbial pathogens. The impact of long-term emerging pollutants like plastic nanoparticles should also be established in further studies, with the development of standardized analytical techniques for such hazardous chemicals. Likewise, the reliable, long-term and extensive judgment on heavy metals threat to human beings's health should be explored in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Karlstad University, 65188, Karlstad, Sweden.
| | - Aleksander Hejna
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Majtacz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Amin Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering Technology and Industrial Trades, University of Doha for Science and Technology (UDST), 24449, Arab League St, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michael Badawi
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques UMR CNRS 7019, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Hassan Z, Hassan A, Riaz M, Khan AA, Ul-Allah S, Shehzad U, Khurshid M, Bakhsh A, Shah JM, Manzoor Z. Increased health risk assessment in different vegetables grown under untreated sewerage irrigation regime due to higher heavy metals accumulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:86189-86201. [PMID: 37402048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are environmental pollutants and carcinogenic for human health if ingested. In developing countries, including Pakistan, untreated sewerage water is one of the major sources of irrigation for vegetable production in the vicinities of urban areas which might be toxic to human health due to heavy metals contamination. The present study was conducted to investigate the uptake of heavy metals by sewage water application and its impact on human health. The experiment consisted of five vegetable crops (Raphanus sativus L, Daucus carota, Brassica rapa, Spinacia oleracea, and Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and two irrigation sources (clean water irrigation and sewage water irrigation). Each treatment was three time replicated for all five vegetables, and standard agronomic practices were applied. The results demonstrated that shoot and root growth in radish, carrot, turnip, spinach, and fenugreek was enhanced significantly with sewerage water, probably due to enhanced organic matter. However, pithiness was observed in the root of radish under sewerage water treatment. Very high concentrations of Cd, up to 7.08 ppm in turnip roots while up to 5.10 ppm in fenugreek shoot, were observed, and other vegetables also contained higher concentrations of Cd. Zn concentrations in the edible parts of carrot (control (C) = 129.17 ppm, sewerage (S) = 164.10 ppm), radish (C = 173.73 ppm, S = 253.03), turnip (C = 109.77 ppm, S = 149.67 ppm), and fenugreek (C = 131.87 ppm, S = 186.36 ppm) were increased by sewerage water treatment but a decrease in Zn concentration in spinach (C = 262.17 ppm, S = 226.97 ppm) was observed. Fe concentration in edible parts of carrot (C = 888.00 ppm, S = 524.80 ppm), radish (C = 139.69 ppm, S = 123.60 ppm), turnip (C = 195.00 ppm, S = 121.37 ppm), and fenugreek (C = 1054.93 ppm, S = 461.77 ppm) were also decreased by sewerage water treatment while spinach leaves had accumulated higher Fe (C = 1560.33 ppm, S = 1682.67 ppm) in sewerage water treatment. The highest bioaccumulation factor value was 4.17 for Cd in carrots irrigated with sewerage water. The maximum value of bioconcentration factor was 3.11 for Cd in turnip under control, and the highest value of translocation factor was 4.82 in fenugreek irrigated with sewerage water. Daily intake of metals and health risk index (HRI) calculation indicated that HRI for Cd was more than 1, suggesting toxicity in these vegetables while HRI for Fe and Zn is still under safe limit. Correlation analysis among different traits of all vegetables under both treatments revealed valuable information for selecting traits in the next crop breeding programs. It is concluded that untreated sewerage-irrigated vegetables, highly contaminated with Cd, are potentially toxic for human consumption and should be banned in Pakistan. Furthermore, it is suggested that the sewerage water should be treated to eliminate toxic compounds, particularly Cd, before irrigation usage and non-edible/phytoremediation crops might be grown in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Hassan
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Fatima Jinnah Medical University/Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Azhar Abbas Khan
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ul-Allah
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Umbreen Shehzad
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khurshid
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Bakhsh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Zahid Manzoor
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, 31200, Pakistan.
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Azad N, Behmanesh J, Rezaverdinejad V. Long-term numerical modeling of nitrate leaching into groundwater under surface drip irrigation of corn. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:6245-6266. [PMID: 37285003 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper management of fertigation is necessary to deal with the harmful impacts of fertilizers. This research aimed to investigate the nitrate leaching rate into groundwater in different fertigation management under the climate change impact in drip irrigation of corn. For this purpose, HYDRUS-2D was calibrated by performing field experiments. Plant water requirement and rainfall were projected until 2050 using LARS-WG6 under the RCP85 scenario. Then, nitrate leaching up to groundwater at the depth of 5 m was simulated in the growing season of corn and the like until 2050 in three fertigation scenarios, including S1 (three regional fertigation splits with irrigation efficiency of 85%), S2 (weekly fertigation with irrigation efficiency of 85%), and S3 (optimum fertigation with irrigation efficiency of 100%). Finally, the annual nitrate leaching rate to groundwater and leached amount were compared in the studied scenarios. The results demonstrated that nitrate penetrated to the depth of 117 and 105 cm at the end of the first year in S1 and S2 scenarios, respectively. In these scenarios, nitrate will reach groundwater in 2031, but nitrate concentrations will not be the same. In the S3 scenario, the nitrate will reach a depth of 180 cm by 2050. Total leached nitrate to groundwater up to 2050 will be 1740, 1200, and zero kg/ha in S1, S2, and S3 scenarios, respectively. Based on the approach of this study, the vulnerability of groundwater to nitrate contamination in different agricultural areas can be evaluated, and appropriate strategies with minimum environmental impacts of fertilizer abuse can be selected accordingly.
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Yan Y, Wang Y, Yan J, Liu Z, Liao Q, Wang B. Tech-economic modeling and analysis of agricultural photovoltaic-water systems for irrigation in arid areas. J Environ Manage 2023; 338:117858. [PMID: 37023610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Affected by the shortage of water resources and land degradation, the sustainable development of agriculture in more and more arid areas will face serious obstacles. The combinations of agricultural photovoltaic, water transportation and irrigation systems are considered as a potential choice to solve above problem. This study aims to investigate the competitiveness of various system configurations to transport water from water resource to agricultural irrigation systems driven by the output power of agricultural photovoltaic. Including the levelized cost of electricity and net present value, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment model is proposed to analyze the agricultural photovoltaic and irrigation systems in arid areas for six scenarios. The applicability of the proposed model in managing regional water and renewable energy nexus systems was tested through application to a real-world case study in the Gansu province, China. Assuming that the baseline transportation distance is 50 km, the results show that exporting water to farmland through electric water trucks shows the best economic performance with the net present value of 13.71 MU$, and every 10 km increase in the transportation distance can decrease the net present value by 1.32 MU$. An important finding is that when the transportation distance was greater than 100 km, pipeline transportation mode was more economical than electric water truck transportation mode. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to analyze the electricity and water prices, farmland size, photovoltaic efficiency on the economic performance of these systems. Results show that only when the electricity price was greater than 0.08 $/kWh, pipeline transport mode yielded positive benefits, and every 0.1$/m3 increase in the water price can increase the net present value by 0.2 MU$.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Fuxue Road No. 18, Changping District, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhengguang Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering of Education Ministry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Qi Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Fuxue Road No. 18, Changping District, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Bohong Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology/Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, 316022, Zhoushan, PR China
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Egbeyemi MM, Lateef SA, Akinsete SJ, Omobowale MO, Ewemoje TA. Health risk assessment for uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals in jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) irrigated with treated hospital wastewater. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:956. [PMID: 37452922 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for crop irrigation presents a route through which pharmaceuticals enter the agro-environment, raising concerns about their potential inclusion into the food chain and associated health risks. The main objective of this study was to determine the accumulation of six pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, diclofenac and ibuprofen, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole) in edible part of jute mallow (JM) (Corchorus olitorius) irrigated with treated hospital wastewater (THWW) and potential health risks associated with the consumption of the contaminated JM. In a greenhouse experiment, JM vegetable was grown in soils irrigated with groundwater and THWW. After 4 weeks of cultivation, the pharmaceutical concentrations in the soil and JM tissues were determined. The uptake and accumulation of the pharmaceuticals in the irrigated JM and the human health risks associated with their consumption were evaluated. Results showed that the THWW-irrigated and groundwater-irrigated soils accumulated all the studied pharmaceuticals except paracetamol and sulfamethoxazole, with the concentrations in the soil before and after irrigation ranging from 0.01 to 0.14 μg g-1 and 0.03 to 1.35 μg g-1, respectively. In JM leaves, the accumulation was in the order of tetracycline > ciprofloxacin > ibuprofen > diclofenac and tetracycline > ciprofloxacin > diclofenac > ibuprofen under THWW-irrigated and groundwater-irrigated treatments, respectively. Under both treatments, the uptake and accumulation of the studied pharmaceuticals were in the order of roots > stem > leaves. The health risk assessment indicated that the consumption of the studied pharmaceuticals through JM implies some risks to human health and the risks were in the order of tetracycline > diclofenac > ciprofloxacin > ibuprofen > paracetamol > sulfamethoxazole. This study has demonstrated that irrigation with reclaimed water is a major route of pharmaceuticals into the food chain and a key determinant of associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Margaret Egbeyemi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Suraju Adekunle Lateef
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Shade John Akinsete
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji Oluyimika Omobowale
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Abayomi Ewemoje
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Farhat B, Chrigui R, Rebai N, Sebei A. Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and assessment of organic pollutants (PAH and PCB) in El Fahs plain aquifer, northeast of Tunisia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:84334-84356. [PMID: 37358774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The availability of good quality groundwater constitutes a major concern in many developing countries. The El Fahs shallow aquifer, northeastern Tunisia, is an important source of water supply for various economic sectors in the agricultural region. The intensive exploitation of this groundwater has led to its quality degradation. In fact, assessment of water quality degradation is very useful in planning the conservation and management practices of water resources in this watershed. This research aims to evaluate the groundwater quality and its suitability for irrigation uses, identify the main processes to assess their chemical composition, and investigate the potential sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The hydrogeochemical investigation is thus conducted by collecting groundwater samples and analyzing their physicochemical characteristics. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (7 PCBs) were determined in groundwaters from nine stations. The sampling took place in July 2020. The relative abundance of ions was Na > Mg > Ca > K for cations and Cl > SO4 > HCO3 for anions. The groundwater exhibits two predominant hydrochemical facies: Ca-Mg-Cl/SO4 and Na-Cl. The relevant recorded pollutant is nitrate, which was generally far above values of pollution thresholds indicating the influence by the intensive agricultural activity. The suitability for irrigation purposes was assessed using several parameters (EC, SAR, %Na, TH, PI, Mh, and Kr). As a matter of fact, the results mentioned that the majority of the samples are unsuitable for irrigation uses. An analysis of the organic pollutants indicates that the total PAH and PCB concentrations are above the permissible values. Therefore, a considerable predominance of naphthalene and PCB28 was observed in order to discriminate between pyrolitic and petrogenic PAH sources; low-molecular-weight (LPAH)/high-molecular-weight (HPAH) ratio was calculated. Results showed that PAHs were mainly of petrogenic origin. The results revealed also that the chemical composition of groundwater is influenced by evaporation process, ion exchange, and water-rock interaction during the flow. A high risk of organic contamination has been highlighted linked to anthropogenic activities which have exerted increasing pressure on groundwater quality. The presence of organic pollutants in groundwater is becoming a serious threat to the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boutheina Farhat
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Department of Geology, Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment (LRME), University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ranya Chrigui
- National School of Engineering of Tunis, LR14ES03 Geotechnical Engineering and Georisk Research Laboratory, University of Tunis El Manar, B.P. 37, Le Belvédère 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Noamen Rebai
- National School of Engineering of Tunis, LR14ES03 Geotechnical Engineering and Georisk Research Laboratory, University of Tunis El Manar, B.P. 37, Le Belvédère 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelaziz Sebei
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Department of Geology, Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Environment (LRME), University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
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Qi D, Zhu J, Wang X. Nitrogen loss via runoff and leaching from paddy fields with the proportion of controlled-release urea and conventional urea rates under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:61741-61752. [PMID: 36934189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) can reduce non-point source pollution from paddy fields by mitigating field water depth. However, the influence of compounding modes of polymer-coated urea (PCU) and conventional urea (CU) on nitrogen (N) loss via runoff and leaching from paddy fields under AWD conditions remains unclear. To address this question, in this study, a 2-year field experiment was set up with three N management treatments: (a) 100% CU (N1), (b) 60% PCU + 40% CU (N2), and (c) 100% PCU (N3), at an equivalent N rate of 240 kg ha-1 that was applied to traditional continuously flooded (CI) and AWD systems. The results of this experiment showed a high-risk period of N loss from the paddy fields within 7 d after basal fertilization and 5 days after tillering fertilization. AWD reduced irrigation frequencies by 3.5 times and total input of irrigation water by 38.1%, increasing water utilization from precipitation by 44.4% than CI and reducing the volume of runoff by 46.1% and leaching water by 22.1%. This reduced the total N (TN) loss through runoff and leaching under AWD. In the N2 and N3 treatment groups, N concentration in floodwater decreased from 33.8 to 24.9%, TN loss via runoff decreased by 35.3 to 25.0%, and leaching decreased by 41.7 to 30.3% from the paddy field compared to N1. With the same N mode, AWD showed a higher N uptake (from jointing to maturity stage) and rice yield compared to CI. Besides, N2 and N3 had higher N uptake compared to N1 under the two irrigation regimes. Moreover, the AWDN3 and AWDN2 treatments resulted in the lowest and second-lowest loss of TN via runoff (2.21 to 2.66 kg ha-1) and leaching (8.14 and 10.21 kg ha-1), respectively, from the paddy fields and had the relatively high N uptake in rice in the maturity stage. Remarkably, compared with N3, N2 had a comparable grain yield under CI; however, it showed a higher yield under AWD, suggesting that there is a positive interaction in the rice yield between the AWD and compounding N (PCU + CU) fertilization practice. Thus, AWD coupled with N2 could be recommended as a useful approach to reduce N loss via runoff and leaching from paddy fields, which could increase the grain yield of middle-season rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiugui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Yi G, Quanjiu W, Kang W, Jihong Z, Kai W, Yang L. Spring irrigation with magnetized water affects soil water-salt distribution, emergence, growth, and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton seedlings in Southern Xinjiang, China. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:174. [PMID: 37013493 PMCID: PMC10069114 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spring irrigation with freshwater is widely used to reduce soil salinity and increase the soil water content in arid areas. However, this approach requires a huge amount of freshwater, which is problematic given limited freshwater resources. Utilizing brackish water for spring irrigation in combination with magnetized water technology may be a promising alternative strategy. RESULTS The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four spring irrigation methods (freshwater spring irrigation (FS), magnetized freshwater spring irrigation (MFS), brackish water spring irrigation (BS), and magnetized brackish water spring irrigation (MBS)) on soil water and salt distribution, emergence, growth, and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton seedlings. The results showed that for both freshwater and brackish water, magnetized water irrigation can increase the soil water content for improved desalination effect of irrigation water. Additionally, spring irrigation with magnetized water promoted cotton emergence and seedling growth. Compared with FS treatment, cotton finial emergence rate, emergence index, vigor index, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index of MFS treatment increased by 6.25, 7.19, 12.98, 15.60, 8.91, and 20.57%, respectively. Compared with BS treatment, cotton finial emergence rate, emergence index, vigor index, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index of MBS treatment increased by 27.78, 39.83, 74.79, 26.40, 14.01, and 57.22%, respectively. Interestingly, we found that spring irrigation with magnetized water can increase the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton seedlings. The rectangular hyperbolic model (RHM), non-rectangular hyperbolic model (NRHM), exponential model (EM), and modified rectangular hyperbolic model (MRHM) were used to fit and compare the cotton light response curve, and MRHM was determined to be the optimal model to fit the data. This model was used to calculate the photosynthetic parameters of cotton. Compared with FS treatment, the net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), dark respiration rate (Rd), light compensation point (Ic), light saturation point (Isat), and the range of available light intensity (ΔI) of MFS were increased by 5.18, 3.41, 3.18, 2.29 and 2.19%, respectively. Compared with BS treatment, the Pnmax, Rd, Ic, Isat and ΔI of MBS were increased by 26.44, 29.48, 30.05, 5.13, and 2.27%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results show that spring irrigation with magnetized brackish water may be a feasible method to reduce soil salt and increase soil water content when freshwater resources are insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, China
| | - Wang Quanjiu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, China.
| | - Wang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, China
| | - Zhang Jihong
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, China
| | - Wei Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, China
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Asadzadeh M, Ghavam M, Mirzaei R. The effect of irrigation with treated and untreated wastewater on the yield and chemical composition of essential oil of Mentha spicata L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:46175-46184. [PMID: 36715796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Today, the lack of quality water supply has led to the tendency to use unconventional water to irrigate agricultural products. Considering the importance and application of essential oils of mint plants in various pharmaceutical, food, and health industries and also considering the approach of using unconventional waters in the cultivation of medicinal plants, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the chemical composition of essential oils of two species of Mentha spicata L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. which was designed and implemented for the first time under the influence of different treatments of municipal and industrial wastewater. For this purpose, first R. officinalis cuttings and roots of M. spicata were prepared and after preparing and leveling the ground, in the spring of 2020, it was transferred to the planting site and planted in the form of creek and ridges. The treatments studied in this study included well water (WW), treated municipal wastewater (TMW), untreated municipal wastewater (UMW), treated industrial wastewater (TIW), and untreated industrial wastewater (UIW) in a randomized complete block design with four repeat runs. After watering the plants continuously for 3 months, the plant branches were collected and transferred to the laboratory for drying. After extracting the essential oil by water distillation (Clevenger) method, the analysis and identification of the compounds were performed by a chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The results showed that the highest and lowest yields of M. spicata belonged to the samples treated with UMW and WW, respectively. Also, R. officinalis essential oil irrigated with UMW and UIW had the highest and lowest yields, respectively. The number of essential oil compounds in of M. spicata was between 5 and 19 and in R. officinalis between 14 and 23 under different treatments. The results of the analysis of essential oil compounds showed that D-carvone (57.77-57.44%) and D-limonene (8.70-26.65%) for M. spicata and α-pinene (26.12-34.85%), 1,8-cineole (18.95-23.70%), and camphene (9.93-12.80%) for R. officinalis were predominant compounds in all studied treatments. The results show that UMW is a suitable and efficient treatment to have the best quantity of M. spicata essential oil and the best quality and quantity of R. officinalis essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Asadzadeh
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mansureh Ghavam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Rouhollah Mirzaei
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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36
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Yenigun I, Bilgili AV, Senol HI, Yenigun A. Investigation of the relationship of groundwater quality and irrigation: the case of Mardin Kiziltepe Plain (Mesopotamia) in Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:490. [PMID: 36941473 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Underground water resources are one of the most valuable vital resources for mankind. Groundwater is used as drinking water and for agricultural irrigation. However, in recent years, it has been exposed to dangerous pollution, mainly due to man-made reasons. The study area is located in the Upper Mesopotamian region, where dry agriculture has been practiced since ancient times, which has semi-arid characteristics and where important civilizations lived. In this direction, the changes in groundwater quality were investigated with seasonal, annual samples taken from selected wells in Mardin Kiziltepe Plain in Upper Mesopotamia region and representing the plain in general and were subjected to water quality classifications. Statistical analyses were carried out on EC and NO3- parameters, which are important in determining the quality of groundwater. The results obtained were interpreted, evaluated in terms of drinking and agricultural uses, and it was observed that there were no non-standard values. In addition, the study area will be opened for irrigation in the near future within the framework of GAP, the largest integrated irrigation project in Turkey. This study, which is the first scientific research to be carried out before intensive irrigation, will be the first memory that will provide a very important data set for the region and will be recorded. In addition, the results of the study will be the basis for the comparison of the research to be carried out after the transition to irrigated agriculture depending on the GAP and the pre-irrigation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yenigun
- Faculty of Fine Arts, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63050, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Volkan Bilgili
- Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63050, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Senol
- Faculty of Engineering, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 63050, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Yenigun
- Mardin Metropolitan Municipality, Artuklu, 47420, Mardin, Turkey
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Fan Y, Ma Y, Zaman AM, Zhang M, Li Q. Delayed irrigation at the jointing stage increased the post-flowering dry matter accumulation and water productivity of winter wheat under wide-precision planting pattern. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1925-1934. [PMID: 36258283 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The North China Plain (NCP) faces a severe water shortage, and the amount of rainfall cannot guarantee the growth and development of winter wheat. Therefore, it is important to explore a suitable irrigation and planting pattern to solve the problem of water shortage in this region. RESULTS A 4-year experiment was carried out in the NCP during 2015-2019. The main plots included two planting patterns: a wide-precision planting pattern (W) and a conventional planting pattern. Two irrigation regimes were established for each planting pattern: 60-mm irrigation at the jointing stage (I1) and 60-mm irrigation delayed 10 days at the jointing stage (I2). The soil water consumption, dry matter translocation, grain yield and crop water productivity were investigated. The results showed that WI2 treatment obtained the highest grain yield and crop water productivity. The wide-precision planting pattern could significantly decrease soil water consumption; however, delayed irrigation effectively reduced soil water consumption only in normal rainfall years. The coupling of delayed irrigation at the jointing stage and a wide-precision planting pattern significantly enhanced dry matter accumulation after flowering and the contribution of dry matter accumulation after flowering to grain yield during the growing seasons. WI2 could decrease the evapotranspiration and improve the grain yield, thus increasing crop water productivity. CONCLUSION The combination of a wide-precision planting pattern and delayed irrigation at the jointing stage was the appropriate agronomic practice for efficient grain yield and crop water productivity in the North China Plain. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Fan
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuzhao Ma
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Amini Mohammad Zaman
- Department of Soil Science and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanqi Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
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Ma S, Hu Y, Wang W, Zhang Q, Wang R, Nan Z. Exploring the safe utilization strategy of calcareous agricultural land irrigated with wastewater for over 50 years. Sci Total Environ 2023; 863:160994. [PMID: 36528947 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The trace element (TE) contamination of farmland caused by wastewater irrigation threatens food security and food safety. We selected a typical calcareous soil area in western China that has been irrigated with wastewater for >50 years to explore safe use strategies for flax farmland contaminated by cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). We found that Cd and As were mainly accumulated in flax roots rather than seeds. However, regardless of the type of TE and acceptor, direct ingestion of the flaxseed would seriously endanger human health (hazard quotient >1). According to the results of redundancy analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, the concentration of Cd and As in flaxseed depended on the concentration of soil total TE, Olsen phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, soil organic matter, and active calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This was largely because the pH and total CaCO3 content in topsoil of flax farmland decreased by 1.05 units and 37 %, respectively, compared with their background levels before wastewater irrigation. Interestingly, after pressing, Cd and As in flaxseed transferred to flaxseed oil were 3.87-10.55 % and 17.21-30.48 %, respectively, which led to an acceptable risk of adults and children (hazard quotient <1) consuming flaxseed oil. Our results suggest that with the production of flaxseed oil as the goal, the long-term wastewater-irrigated calcareous land can be safely utilized while obtaining income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yahu Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhongren Nan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Zhang Y, Hou K, Qian H, Gao Y, Fang Y, Tang S, Xiao S, Ren W, Qu W, Zhang Q. Natural-human driving factors of groundwater salinization in a long-term irrigation area. Environ Res 2023; 220:115178. [PMID: 36584846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of groundwater is a major challenge for groundwater management in long-term irrigation areas, decoupling its complex influencing factors can provide insights for the sustainable development of irrigation areas. In this study, the natural-human driving factors of groundwater salinization in the Yinchuan Plain, a typical irrigated area, were identified using isotope analysis, information entropy, and self-organizing map. Results show that groundwater in the study area is seriously salinized with obvious spatial heterogeneity. Multiple natural conditions and frequent human activities complicate the salinization characteristics of groundwater. On this basis, four typical natural influence units of groundwater were identified, namely, an evaporation and upward leakage zone, a runoff zone, an evaporation zone, and a runoff and upward leakage zone. Information entropy was proposed to quantify the complexity of groundwater resulting from human activities: The complexity difference between densely populated areas and natural dominant areas is mainly reflected in Na+, SO42-, and Cl-. Multiple human-made drivers of complex water environment were further separated into three patterns by the SOM model: blockage-evaporation type, leakage-evaporation type, and irrigation type. The blockage of drainage ditches and obstruction of salt discharge has the highest impact on the salinization of groundwater, followed by irrigation activities and transportation losses. Water excessive stagnation caused by blockage or irrigation is the root cause of groundwater salinization in the irrigated area, and its impact is greater than that of the traditional understanding of groundwater level rise. Based on the evaluation of irrigation water quality, management initiatives for irrigated areas should prioritize dredging and maintaining a healthy soil and groundwater environment in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Hou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Qian
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Ningxia Survey and Monitor Institute of Land and Resources, China
| | - Shunqi Tang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wengang Qu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiying Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Liu X, Zhang L, Yang F, Zhou W. Determining reclaimed water quality thresholds and farming practices to improve food crop yield: A meta-analysis combined with random forest model. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160774. [PMID: 36513233 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Irrigated agricultural systems with reclaimed water (RW) play a crucial role in alleviating global water scarcity and increased food demand. However, appropriate reclaimed water quality thresholds and farming practices to improve food crop yield is virtually unclear. Therefore, for the first time, this study made a large compilation of previous studies using meta-analysis combined with a random forest (RF) model and analyzed the impact of RW versus freshwater (FW) on the yield of food crops (cereals, vegetables, and fruits). It was found that magnesium ion (Mg2+), calcium ion (Ca2+), electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), and potential of hydrogen (pH) were the most important factors for RW quality indicators. Based on the results, water managers should establish more conservative RW quality thresholds to promote food crop production, especially for salts and pollutants in RW. Compared to international water quality standards, it could be slightly relaxed the restrictions of TN in RW. The optimal farming practices obtained that irrigation amount of the mixed RW and FW (RW + FW) was from 1000 m3 ha-1 to 5000 m3 ha-1, and the cultivation period was no more than three years. Flood irrigation (FI) and drip irrigation (DI) for cereals were also recommended. Finally, a comparison of the determined results from this method with other scenarios published, finding a good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Liu
- College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Fuhui Yang
- College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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41
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Chen WL, Yu SY, Liu SY, Lin SC, Lee TH. Using HRMS fingerprinting to explore micropollutant contamination in soil and vegetables caused by swine wastewater irrigation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160830. [PMID: 36526190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Livestock wastewater has been reused for agricultural irrigation to save water and fertilise the soil. However, micropollutants excreted by livestock animals may contaminate the soil and crops through livestock wastewater irrigation. This study employed high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to facilitate broad-scope suspect screening of soil and vegetables and identify changes in micropollutant fingerprints caused by swine wastewater irrigation. Field trials were performed to simulate the practical cultivation of small leafy vegetables. Soil and pak choi were irrigated with groundwater, a reasonable amount of swine wastewater, and excessive swine wastewater (three times the reasonable amount) and were sampled at three time points. The samples were extracted using organic solvents and analysed with a liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight HRMS system. The molecular features were compared to over 3000 micropollutants in commercial libraries. The relative concentrations of suspect micropollutants among the irrigation groups were compared using multivariate and univariate analyses. The marker micropollutants that increased with swine wastewater irrigation were rigorously identified based on the MS/MS spectra. Fifty-three micropollutants were frequently found in the soil (n = 54) and 36 in the pak choi (n = 53). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models revealed significant differences in the micropollutant fingerprints in the soil among the three irrigation groups, but not in the pak choi. Eight micropollutants with variable importance in projection scores above 1.0 in the PLS-DA model and significantly higher relative concentrations (p < 0.05) in the soil irrigated with swine wastewater were confirmed as markers. Besides veterinary drugs and their metabolites, cinnamic acid and phenylalanine were the markers relevant to swine feed that were not previously reported. Nevertheless, accumulations of micropollutants in the soil or contamination of the pak choi due to swine wastewater irrigation were not found under the trial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
| | - Sih-Yi Yu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yen Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Lin
- Hydrotech Research Institute, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- National Taiwan University Plant Teaching Hospital, Taiwan
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42
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Zhu R, Zhao R, Li X, Hu X, Jiao S, Xiao L, Xie Z, Sun J, Wang S, Yang Q, Zhang H, Chuai X. The impact of irrigation modes on agricultural water-energy‑carbon nexus. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160493. [PMID: 36435239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous contribution of irrigated agriculture in addressing global food security, there is still confusion for farmers and governments about the choice of irrigation mode owing to the drastic environmental impacts of irrigation, including water shortage, energy crisis, and global warming. Exploring the agricultural water-energy‑carbon (WEC) nexus under different irrigation modes helps to accomplish the multi-objective of water & energy saving and carbon emission reduction. In this paper, a conceptual framework was nominated to evaluate the water & energy consumption and carbon emissions for winter wheat irrigation at township level and quantitatively discuss the complex interaction by the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the WEC system under different irrigation modes in Henan Province, China. We discovered that irrigation modes profoundly affect water and energy consumption and carbon emissions in agriculture, as well as the spatial distribution of CCD from WEC system. Townships under irrigation mode with diversion and irrigation projects as the primary method (WDI) clustered together in the north and east with highest water consumption and carbon emissions, while townships under irrigation mode with rain-fed agriculture as the primary method (PI) accumulated in the west and south with lower water consumption and carbon emissions. Meanwhile, the CCD of the WEC nexus system was in basic coordination (0.40) and showed an unbalanced spatial distribution pattern with high in the southeast and low in the northwest. By comparing four irrigation modes, the coupling level of the WEC nexus system under irrigation mode with groundwater irrigation as the primary method (GI) was better and PI mode was the least ideal. This study helps to further understand agricultural WEC nexus under different irrigation modes and provide references for local governments in selecting appropriate irrigation modes to realize water-energy saving and carbon emission reduction in agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Zhu
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China; College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Rongqin Zhao
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xiaojian Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China; Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China; Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining of Henan Province, School of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xueyao Hu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Shixing Jiao
- School of Resources & Environment and Tourism, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, China.
| | - Liangang Xiao
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhixiang Xie
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaowei Chuai
- School of Geography & Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Lankford B, Pringle C, McCosh J, Shabalala M, Hess T, Knox JW. Irrigation area, efficiency and water storage mediate the drought resilience of irrigated agriculture in a semi-arid catchment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160263. [PMID: 36402330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of hydrological variables such as irrigation area, irrigation efficiency and water storage on the resilience of (mostly commercial) irrigated agriculture to drought in a semi-arid catchment in South Africa. We formulated a conceptual framework termed 'Water, Efficiency, Resilience, Drought' (WERD) and an accompanying spreadsheet model. These allow the resilience of irrigated agriculture to drought to be analysed via water accounts and a key resilience indicator termed Days to Day Zero (DDZ). This represents the number of days that a pre- and within-drought supply of catchment water available to irrigation is withdrawn down to zero in the face of a prolonged drought. A higher DDZ (e.g. >300 days) indicates greater resilience whilst a lower DDZ (e.g. <150 days) signals lower resilience. Drought resilience arises through land and water management decisions underpinned by four types of resilience capacities; absorptive, adaptive, anticipative and transformative. For the case study, analyses showed that irrigators, with currently approximately 23,000 ha under irrigation, have historically absorbed and adapted to drought events through construction of water storage and adoption of more efficient irrigation practices resulting in a DDZ of 260 days. However, by not fully anticipating future climate and water-related risks, irrigators are arguably on a maladaptive pathway resulting in water supply gains, efficiency and other practices being used to increase irrigation command areas to 28,000 ha or more, decreasing their capacity to absorb future droughts. This areal growth increases water withdrawals and depletion, further stresses the catchment, and reduces future DDZs to approximately 130 days indicating much lower drought resilience. Our approach, supported by supplementary material, allows stakeholders to understand the resilience consequences of future drought in order to; reconcile competition between rising water demands, consider new water storage; improve agricultural and irrigation planning; and enhance catchment governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Lankford
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Catherine Pringle
- Institute of Natural Resources, 100396, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - Jon McCosh
- Institute of Natural Resources, 100396, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | | | - Tim Hess
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Jerry W Knox
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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Wang C, Li S, Wu M, Zhang W, He H, Yang D, Huang S, Guo Z, Xing X. Water use efficiency control for a maize field under mulched drip irrigation. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159457. [PMID: 36252664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is an important indicator reflecting carbon-water coupling, but its control mechanisms in managed fields remain unclear. In order to reveal the influencing factors of WUE in the agricultural field under mulched drip irrigation (DM), we carried out the 8-year continuous observations in a maize field from Northwestern China. The structural equation model, relative importance analysis and principal component analysis were used to quantify the regulation effects of environmental and biological factors on WUE at different time scales, in different growth stages and under different hydrothermal conditions. The results showed that annual WUE varied between 2.18 g C Kg-1 H2O and 3.60 g C Kg-1 H2O, with a multi-year mean of 2.91 g C Kg-1 H2O. The total effects of air temperature on the daily WUE in the whole growth period, the vegetative growth stage, the warm and dry years, the cold and wet years, and the warm and wet years were the largest, with values of 0.61, 0.80, 0.70, 0.70 and 0.91 respectively. However, vapor pressure deficit and net radiation had the largest total effect in the cold and dry years (-0.63) and the reproductive growth stage (-0.49), respectively. Leaf biomass played a leading role in regulating the daily and interannual WUE, and the relative importance of leaf biomass to WUE in the vegetative growth stage was up to 75 %. In the warm and wet years, the relative importance of root biomass to WUE was 33 %, slightly higher than that of leaf biomass (31 %). At the same time, we found that Ta has the potential to increase WUE under future climate warming. Our results improve the understanding of carbon-water coupling mechanisms and provide important enlightenment on how crop ecosystems should adapt to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Sien Li
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China.
| | - Mousong Wu
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund SE-22362, Sweden
| | - Hongxing He
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A OB9, Canada
| | - Danni Yang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China
| | - Xiuli Xing
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Vera A, Moreno JL, García C, Nicolás E, Bastida F. Agro-physiological and soil microbial responses to desalinated seawater irrigation in two crops. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 250:114507. [PMID: 36608566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation with desalinated seawater (DSW) is a potential solution for addressing water scarcity in semiarid regions across the globe. However, this strategy may compromise the health of agricultural ecosystems due to the high content of phytotoxic elements (mainly boron, B) in this water. Here, a three-year experiment was carried to evaluate the response of the soil's physicochemical and microbiological properties, and plant physiology, to three irrigation water treatments (DSW; fresh water, FW; and their blend (1:1), BW) in the presence or not of organic amendments. Lemon trees (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. fil. cv. Eureka), with a higher sensitivity to B toxicity, and apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. 'Búlida'), with a lower one, were used as model plants. Lemon trees irrigated with BW and DSW showed a decline in net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, and an accumulation of B in leaves that exceeded the toxicity threshold. These effects were stronger in amended soils. In soils cultivated with lemon trees, DSW irrigation increased the water-soluble nitrogen content, the urease activity, and the activity and biomass of the microbial community, and shifted the microbial community structure as compared with the other water treatments. The soil microbial community responses were controlled by the addition of organic amendments. The irrigation of apricots with DSW did not negatively impact plant physiological parameters but increased the soil microbial biomass, as in the case of the lemon tree-soil system. These results suggest that DSW irrigation increases soil microbial biomass in both crop-soil systems but harms the physiological status of the most sensitive crop. Our findings provide an initial approach to evaluate the response of the plant-soil system to DSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Vera
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - José L Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio Nicolás
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Irrigation. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Felipe Bastida
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Li Y, Liu H, Xing W, Wang J, Fan H. Effects of irrigation water quality on the presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in topsoil and vegetables in greenhouses. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:13726-13738. [PMID: 36136194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has harmful effects on humans and the ecosystem. Reclaimed water irrigation may introduce PPCPs into the agricultural system. Here, a greenhouse experiment investigated the impact of reclaimed water irrigation on PPCP levels in the edible parts of vegetables and topsoil in the North China Plain in 2015 and 2016. Three treatment protocols were applied to each vegetable: irrigation with reclaimed water, irrigation with groundwater, and mixed irrigation with groundwater and reclaimed water (1:1, v/v). The total concentrations of 10 PPCPs in the topsoil (0-20 cm deep) and vegetables were 4.06-19.0 and 2.33-189 μg/kg, respectively. Among the target PPCPs, acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (AC-SMX) had the highest concentration in both soil and vegetables (0.23-10.8 and 1.56-116 μg/kg, respectively). The total concentration of the 10 PPCPs among cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, and cucumber were 13.1-28.1, 10.3-28.3, 2.33-4.04, and 110-189 μg/kg, respectively. The total hazard quotients for the mixture of target PPCPs across all vegetables were 0.0007 and 0.0003 for toddlers and adults, respectively. Compared with groundwater irrigation, reclaimed water irrigation did not evidently affect the vegetable yields, soil-vegetable PPCP concentrations, and BCFs. In this study, we found no potential hazard to human health when people consumed vegetables grown using reclaimed water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Honglu Liu
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Weimin Xing
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China
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Han Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Gao H, Sun Y, Tao B, Zhang F, Ma H, Liu X, Ren H. Planting models and deficit irrigation strategies to improve radiation use efficiency, dry matter translocation and winter wheat productivity under semi-arid regions. J Plant Physiol 2023; 280:153864. [PMID: 36423449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dry-land farming system of China relies on plastic film mulching and natural rainfall to mitigate damage caused by drought. However, the applications of deficit irrigation modes combined with the planting models can significantly increase production of wheat, dry matter translocation and radiation use efficiency (RUE) remains unidentified. Thus, in 2016-2018, we conducted field trials that implemented four deficit irrigation modes (IJF: irrigation at jointing and flowering stages; IF: irrigation at flowering stage; IJ: irrigation at jointing stage; NI: no irrigation) under two cultivation patterns (ridge furrow rainfall harvesting system (RF); traditional flat cultivation (TF)). The results indicated that the effects of RF system with deficit irrigation (IJF: 250 mm) could significantly increase the soil moisture, and thus enhanced LAI, In value, IPAR, RUE, and PAR capture ratio than that of TF-NI planting. This is due to decreased canopy light transmittance (LT), reflection and penetration ratio of PAR, as a result considerable improve the biomass translocation and grain yield. Owing to the very low soil water content after the seed-filling, the LAI, IPAR, and In value decreased during the seed-filling under water stress, ultimately affecting the dry matter translocation efficiency. While the IJF and IF treatments provided water for reproductive growth stage, therefore, the production of wheat and RUE were significantly maximum compared with IJ and NI irrigation mode. Under the RF system with IJF, IF, and IJ treatments the grain yield increased by 81.2%, 56.8%, 45.6% and 17.2%, then that of TF-NI treatment, respectively. The highest RUE (1.93 g MJ-1), dry-matter translocation (154.2%) and seed yield (81.2%) were obtained in the RF-IJF treatment compared with TF-NI. Therefore, the RF-IJF treatment significantly improved the earlier development and rapid plant growth, which is a suitable planting model for increasing soil moisture, LAI, RUE, DMT, and winter wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Han
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yuechao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Grass and Science Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Tao
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fengyi Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hong Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production of Hebei Province, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China.
| | - Honglei Ren
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Ponce-Robles L, Benelhadj L, García-García AJ, Pedrero-Salcedo F, Nortes-Tortosa PA, Albacete J, Alarcón JJ. Risk assessment for uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals by baby leaf lettuce irrigated with reclaimed water under commercial agricultural activities. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116321. [PMID: 36179471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water to irrigate agricultural crops has increased in recent years as a consequence of water shortage constituting a potential risk for human health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on the soil-plant system and determining the accumulation of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF), ketoprofen (KTP) and naproxen (NPX) in the edible part of lettuce under commonly used agricultural practices in commercial production. For this purpose, red oak baby lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was irrigated with reclaimed water fortified with different concentrations of pharmaceuticals. The study was carried out in two different scenarios: soil and tray. The tray experiments were conducted with substrate and took place at three different seasons of the year. Lettuce tissue sampled from these experiments were analysed 3 times during the lettuce growing cycle (first, second and third harvest). The practices of first harvest regrowth were also evaluated. For all experiments, CBZ showed the highest accumulation in lettuce leaves of the pharmaceuticals tested, showing a correlation between irrigation exposure time and pharmaceutical uptake. Unexpectedly, DCF was the compound with the highest uptake levels after regrowth practices. Results suggested that pharmaceuticals uptake could be directly associated with the irrigation method and possible accumulation in soil and substrates, while concentration of pharmaceuticals in substrates were 10 times higher. Based on the concentration values detected in lettuce leaves, the risk assessment suggests that no compounds imply any risk to human health, except CBZ for those on vegetarian diets in the tray scenario. Although commercial agricultural practices are usually not considered with regards to risk reduction, in this experiment we demonstrated that climatic conditions are a key factor in pharmaceuticals uptake and different agricultural practices (soil cropping and drip irrigation) can limit the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ponce-Robles
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
| | - L Benelhadj
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - A J García-García
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - F Pedrero-Salcedo
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - P A Nortes-Tortosa
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - J Albacete
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
| | - J J Alarcón
- Departament of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain
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49
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Davand H, Sepehr E, Momtaz HR, Ahmadi F. Wastewater irrigation: An opportunity for improving soil phosphorus availability; PHREEQC modeling and adsorption studies. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158180. [PMID: 36007642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater, an alternative supply of water and nutrients, is being allocated as a priority for human population sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions. This work proposes phosphorus (P), a vital growth-limiting nutrient, adsorption behavior in wastewater irrigated agricultural soils in comparison to non-irrigated soils using laboratory batch experiments. The adsorption mechanism was assessed using different adsorption isotherm models. Saturation indices were modeled, using the hydro-geochemical transport code PHREEQC and MINTEQ geochemical software. Phosphorus buffering parameters were also calculated based on the standard equations. The equilibrium data were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model. The physical adsorption mechanism was found based on the calculated isotherm parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity was two times more in non-wastewater irrigated soils than irrigated. Results highlighted the effectiveness of wastewater irrigation in P availability in soil. Based on the PHREEQC modeling data, precipitation of Pb and Zn mineral phases was probable in soils by wastewater influence. Meanwhile, the precipitation of stable calcium phases, that affect the P sorption and/or co-precipitation, in non-wastewater irrigated soils was highlighted in the PHREEQC calculations. The standard buffer capacity (SBC) was 43 and 64 L kg-1 in wastewater irrigated soils and non-irrigated soils, respectively. Findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of wastewater reuse opportunities for agricultural application, especially soil P availability, and are helpful to minimize the environmental impacts of wastewater and solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Davand
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sepehr
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Momtaz
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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50
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Zhao Z, Zhao K, Zhang T, Xu Y, Chen R, Xue S, Liu M, Tang D, Yang X, Giessen V. Irrigation-facilitated low-density polyethylene microplastic vertical transport along soil profile: An empirical model developed by column experiment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 247:114232. [PMID: 36308877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emerging issue of microplastic pollution of agricultural soils derives from the intensive utilization of plastic mulching film. Although surface runoff may transport microplastic off-site, infiltration may also facilitate microplastic transport from surface soil to deeper depths. Microplastic comprises a relatively new category of soil contaminants, whose transport in the soil has not yet been widely studied. In this study, we investigated microplastic transport from contaminated surface soil (50 g kg-1) driven by irrigation, from permanent wilting point to saturation, and developed an empirical model to characterize the resulting accumulation of microplastic along soil profile. A soil column experiment was conducted under various treatments: the control, 1, 2 and 4 runs of irrigation. Soil samples were collected from inside and outside of soil cracks (if present) in each soil layer (0-2 cm (source layer), 2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm). The results showed that with increasing irrigation runs, microplastic in the source soil layer decreased, while microplastic contents in deeper soil depths increased significantly (p < 0.05), varying from 7.03 g kg-1 in 2-5 cm to 0.29 g kg-1 in 40-50 cm soil. The microplastic content detected in soil cracks was 1.3-17.8 times higher than that detected in the soil matrix at similar depths, indicating that the transported microplastic is prone to be enriched in soil cracks. In addition, the total amount of transported microplastic increased 1.5 times after four irrigation runs, and the variations were significantly observed especially at deeper soil depths. Based on correlation analyses, data-fitted empirical models that relate cumulative microplastic to the depth of soil layer and irrigation runs indicate that irrigation-facilitated microplastic transport could be well-characterized (R2 >0.92). Further research is needed to develop an physical-based model in order to assess microplastic migration risks driven by irrigation and other agricultural management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Keyue Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Taishuo Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ronglong Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Darrell Tang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Violette Giessen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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