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Zhang N, Hu W, Wu K, Wang K, Miao X, Wang Y, Zhong X, Lin F, Zhang Z, Xu H. The Amino Acid Transporter PtCAT7 and Ammonium Nutrition Enhance the Uptake of Thiamethoxam in Citrus Rootstock Seedlings. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6942-6953. [PMID: 38506763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (THX), when applied to the soil, can be taken up by citrus roots and subsequently transported to the leaves, providing effective protection of plants against the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). In this study, the field experiments showed that the coapplication of THX and nitrogen fertilizer (AN) did not affect THX uptake in six-year-old citrus plants. However, their coapplication promoted THX uptake in three-year-old Potassium trifoliate rootstocks and relieved the inhibition of AN at a higher level on plant growth characteristics, including biomass and growth of root and stem. RNA-seq analysis found that THX induced upregulation of a cationic amino acid transporter (PtCAT7) in citrus leaves. PtCAT7 facilitated THX uptake in the yeast strain to inhibit its growth, and the PtCAT7 protein was localized on the plasma membrane. Our results demonstrate that THX and N fertilizer can be coapplied and PtCAT7 may be involved in THX uptake in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Keer Wu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kejing Wang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoran Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fei Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Qiu H, Sun C, Dormatey R, Bai J, Bi Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Wei J, Mao S, Yao P. Thiamethoxam Application Improves Yield and Drought Resistance of Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:477. [PMID: 38498458 PMCID: PMC10891895 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Potato is the most important tuber crop in the world that can contribute to food security. However, the crop has been shown to be sensitive to drought and its yields decline significantly during successive periods of stress. Drought triggers a number of responses in potato, ranging from physiological changes to fluctuations in growth rates and yields. In light of global climate change, it is important to understand the effects of thiamethoxam on potato growth and yield under drought conditions. (2) Methods: The objective was to evaluate the impact of thiamethoxam on improving drought resistance and yield of potato under drought conditions. The drought-tolerant and sensitive-genotypes Qingshu No. 9 and Atlantic were used for a two-year pot experiment. Potato seeds were coated with 70% thiamethoxam before sowing (treatment group (T)), with a control group without treatment (NT). Two experimental treatments were applied: normal irrigation (ND) and drought stress (D). (3) Results: The results showed that root length, plant yield, chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased under both genotypes, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) content were reduced under thiamethoxam under drought stress. The best indicators were obtained in the comprehensive evaluation for the T-D treatment, suggesting that the application of thiamethoxam under drought stress was more effective than normal irrigation. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that the application of thiamethoxam improves potato growth, thereby increasing drought tolerance and potato yield. However, thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid pesticide, and the limitation of this study is that it did not explore the ecological effects of thiamethoxam, which need to be systematically studied in the future. Moreover, considering the potential risks of thiamethoxam to the environment, specific agronomic measures to effectively degrade thiamethoxam residue should be taken when it is applied in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Richard Dormatey
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Jiangping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Jingui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Shoufa Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Panfeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (H.Q.); (C.S.); (R.D.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
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Khurshid A, Inayat R, Basit A, Mobarak SH, Gui SH, Liu TX. Effects of thiamethoxam on physiological and molecular responses to potato plant (Solanum tuberosum), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and parasitoid (Aphidius gifuensis). Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38312101 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve integrated pest management (IPM) performance it is essential to assess pesticide side effects on host plants, insect pests, and natural enemies. The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a major insect pest that attacks various crops. Aphidius gifuensis is an essential natural enemy of M. persicae that has been applied effectively in controlling M. persicae. Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid pesticide widely used against insect pests. RESULTS The current study showed the effect of thiamethoxam against Solanum tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis and the physiological and molecular response of the plants, aphids, and parasitoids after thiamethoxam application. Thiamethoxam affected the physical parameters of S. tuberosum and generated a variety of sublethal effects on M. persicae and A. gefiuensis, including nymph development time, adult longevity, and fertility. Our results showed that different thiamethoxam concentrations [0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 μm active ingredient (a.i.)/L] on different time durations (2, 6, and 10 days) increased the antioxidant enzyme activities SOD, POD, and CAT of S. tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis significantly compared with the control. Our results also showed that different thiamethoxam concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 μm a.i./L) on different time durations (2, 6, and 10 days) increased the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes of S. tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis compared with the control. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that using thiamethoxam at suitable concentrations and time durations for host plants and natural enemies may enhance natural control through the conservation of natural enemies by overcoming any fitness disadvantages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rehan Inayat
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Abdul Basit
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Shun-Hua Gui
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Yuan W, Li S, Ma X, Pang C, Wu Y, Wang M, Li B. MOF@Au NPs/aptamer fluorescent probe for the selective and sensitive detection of thiamethoxam. LUMINESCENCE 2023. [PMID: 38104966 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The luminescence performance of fluorescent reagents plays a crucial role in fluorescence analysis. Therefore, in this study, a novel bi-ligand Zn-based metal-organic framework, Au nanoparticle (NP) fluorescent material was synthesized using a hydrothermal method with Zn as the metal source. Simultaneously, a DNA aptamer was introduced as a molecular recognition element to develop a Zn-based MOF@Au NPs/DNA aptamer fluorescent probe for the ultra-trace detection of thiamethoxam residues in agricultural products. The probe captured different concentrations of the target molecule, thiamethoxam, through the DNA aptamer, causing a conformational change in the DNA aptamer and bursting the fluorescence of the probe, therefore establishing a fluorometric method for thiamethoxam detection. This method is highly sensitive due to the excellent luminescence properties of the Zn-based MOF@Au NPs, and the DNA aptamer can specifically recognize thiamethoxam, offering high selectivity. The linear range of the method was 2.5-6000 × 10-11 mol L-1 , with a detection limit of 8.33 × 10-12 mol L-1 . This method was applied to the determination of actual samples, such as bananas, and the spiked recovery rate was found to be in the range 84.05-109.07%. Overall, the proposed probe has high sensitivity, high selectivity, and easy operation for the detection of thiamethoxam residues in actual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, and MOE, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
| | - Xionghui Ma
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
| | - Chaohai Pang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, and MOE, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
| | - Bei Li
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
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Yan W, Zheng Q, Yang L, Zhu S, Zhang Z, Xu H. Efficacy of drip irrigation with thiamethoxam on control of Monolepta hieroglyphica, and uptake, translocation and dietary risk of thiamethoxam in maize. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:4931-4941. [PMID: 37531559 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) is an important agricultural pest that causes significant economic losses in terms of crop production. Conventional pesticide spraying treatments can result in pesticide drift, endanger nontarget organisms and cause pests to fly away, resulting in unsatisfactory prevention and control effects. To study the effect of thiamethoxam on the control of maize M. hieroglyphica, a field experiment was conducted to determine the optimal thiamethoxam application dose, its spatial and temporal distribution dynamics, and its dietary risk based on its control effect when applied by spray and drip irrigation. RESULTS The results of the field trials showed that compared with spray irrigation, drip irrigation resulted in greater control starting from Day 5. This result was a consequence of the hysteresis effect of thiamethoxam being first absorbed by the roots and then continuously transferred upward, where it accumulates. After 30 days of drip irrigation with 75 and 150 g a.i. ha-1 thiamethoxam, the control effect on M. hieroglyphica was 32.41-49.44% and 69.77-80.57%, respectively. The results of the dietary risk assessment showed that the risk of thiamethoxam ingestion through maize kernels was acceptable regarding its effect on human health. CONCLUSIONS Drip irrigation with thiamethoxam can improve the effective utilization rate of pesticides, achieve precise control of maize M. hieroglyphica, and provide a new method for sustainable agricultural production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liupeng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Jeninga AJ, Kooij N, Harrahy E, King-Heiden TC. Binary mixtures of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam do not appear to cause additive toxicity in fathead minnow larvae ( Pimephales promelas). Front Toxicol 2023; 5:1282817. [PMID: 38053752 PMCID: PMC10694295 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1282817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Considerable use of neonicotinoid insecticides has resulted in their detection in surface waters globally, with imidacloprid (IM) and thiamethoxam (TM) frequently found together. Neonicotinoids are selective agonists for invertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) leading to paralysis and death. While not overtly toxic to vertebrates, growing evidence suggests that chronic exposure to individual neonicotinoids can cause adverse health effects in fish. This work examined whether chronic exposure to binary mixtures of imidacloprid (IM) and thiamethoxam (TM) would be more toxic to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larvae than either insecticide alone. Materials and Methods: Embryos were exposed to a 1:1 mixture of IM and TM (0.2, 2, 20, 200 or 2,000 μg/L of each pesticide) or a 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20 mixture of IM and TM (0.02 μg/L of IM with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 μg/L of TM) for a total of 8 days. Survival, developmental toxicity, embryonic motor activity, and startle escape responses were quantified. Results: Survival and growth were reduced, and hatching induced by exposure to a 1:1 mixture containing > 2 μg/L of each insecticide, but not following exposure to mixtures containing environmentally-relevant concentrations. Acute exposure to a 1:1 mixture did not alter embryonic motor activity; however, chronic exposure to these mixtures resulted in a slight but significant decrease in embryonic movements. Only 1:1 mixtures of high concentrations of IM and TM altered the startle escape response by increasing latency of response; however, a significant proportion of fish exposed to 1:1 mixtures had altered latency and burst speed. Taken together, these behavioral indicators of nAChR activation suggest that in mixtures, neonicotinoids could interfere with nAChR signaling despite their low affinity for the nAChR. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that toxicity of binary mixtures of IM and TM is primarily driven by IM, and that mixtures of IM with TM do not appear to cause significant additive toxicity when compared with our previous studies evaluating each neonicotinoid alone. Given the limited toxicological data available for mixtures of neonicotinoid insecticides in fish, further study is required to better understand the ecological risks these insecticides may pose to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya J. Jeninga
- Department of Biology and River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, United States
| | - Nicole Kooij
- Department of Biology and River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, United States
| | - Elisabeth Harrahy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, La Crosse, WI, United States
| | - Tisha C. King-Heiden
- Department of Biology and River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, United States
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Cristina da Silva Reis K, Savario CF, Hoy JW. Effects of Pesticides on Red Rot of Planted Sugarcane. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3616-3622. [PMID: 37950484 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2921-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Red rot, caused by Colletotrichum falcatum, is an important constraint to sugarcane production. In Louisiana, red rot primarily affects planted seed-cane and is more severe when billets (stalk sections) are planted rather than whole stalks. At planting, application of seed-treatment pesticides, particularly a combination of a fungicide and the insecticide thiamethoxam, has improved stand establishment and increased yields in billet plantings in Louisiana. However, information on the effect of chemicals on disease development is lacking. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate stalk rot symptom severity and initial plant growth for billets dip-treated with a combination of the fungicides azoxystrobin and propiconazole, thiamethoxam, a combination of both fungicides and the insecticide, and, as a control, untreated billets. Reductions in disease severity recorded for different treatments were similar for billets inoculated with the fungus or exposed to natural inoculum. Disease severity was consistently reduced by the combination treatment, while reductions resulting from treatment with fungicides and insecticide alone were variable. Reductions occurred for both internode and node rot severity. The effects of pesticide treatments on plant growth after 6 weeks were minor; however, there was evidence of disease adversely affecting germination, particularly for nontreated billets exposed to natural inoculum, where germination was reduced by one third. The treatments that reduced disease severity prevented this reduction. The results provide evidence that reduction in disease severity is an important contributor to the stand establishment and yield improvements observed for treated billets in field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kézia Cristina da Silva Reis
- Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Department, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Carolyn F Savario
- Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Department, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Jeffrey W Hoy
- Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Department, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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Jiao W, Zhang P, Cui C, Yan M, Li QX, Tang Y, Zhang N, Wang X, Hou R, Hua R. Metabolic responses of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) to the insecticide thiamethoxam. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3570-3580. [PMID: 37160655 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamethoxam (TMX) is insecticidal, but also can trigger physiological and metabolic reactions of plant cycles. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and metabolic effect of TMX on tea plants and its potential benefits. RESULTS In this study, dose of TMX (0.09, 0.135 and 0.18 kg a.i./ha) were tested. Except for peroxidase (POD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), chlorophyll, carotenoid, catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly affected compared with the controls. The CAT activity was increased by 3.38, 1.71, 2.91 times, respectively, under three doses of TMX treatment. The metabolic response between TMX treatment and control groups on the third day was compared using a widely targeted metabolomics. A total of 97 different metabolites were identified, including benzenoids, flavonoids, lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, organic nitrogen compounds, organic oxygen compounds, organoheterocyclic compounds, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and others. Those metabolites were mapped on the perturbed metabolic pathways. The results demonstrated that the most perturbation occurred in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. The beneficial secondary metabolites luteolin and kaempferol were upregulated 1.46 and 1.31 times respectively, which protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular docking models suggest interactions between TMX and flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. CONCLUSION Thiamethoxam spray positively promoted the physiological and metabolic response of tea plants. And this work also provided the useful information of TMX metabolism in tea plants as well as rational application of insecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Jiao
- School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanjian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yongfeng Tang
- School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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Vikhe VB, Faruqi AA, Reddy A, Khandol D, Kore TA. Pyrethroid and Neonicotinoid Poisoning: A Good Prognosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e47016. [PMID: 37965403 PMCID: PMC10641856 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide poisoning is still one of the major means of suicide in rural India. We report a case of a 38-year-old male who had come to us with ingestion of thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin in an alcohol-intoxicated state. The prompt response and intensive care given by our center gave him a second chance to make better decisions ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B Vikhe
- General Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Ahsan A Faruqi
- General Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Avani Reddy
- General Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Devansh Khandol
- General Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IND
| | - Tejas A Kore
- General Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IND
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10
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Zhang JG, Shi W, Ma DD, Lu ZJ, Li SY, Long XB, Ying GG. Chronic Paternal/Maternal Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam Causes Intergenerational Toxicity in Zebrafish Offspring. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:13384-13396. [PMID: 37651267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THM) are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems. Their negative effects on parental fish are investigated while intergenerational effects at environmentally relevant concentrations remain unclear. In this study, F0 zebrafish exposed to IMI and THM (0, 50, and 500 ng L-1) for 144 days post-fertilization (dpf) was allowed to spawn with two modes (internal mating and cross-mating), resulting in four types of F1 generations to investigate the intergenerational effects. IMI and THM affected F0 zebrafish fecundity, gonadal development, sex hormone and VTG levels, with accumulations found in F0 muscles and ovaries. In F1 generation, paternal or maternal exposure to IMI and THM also influenced sex hormones levels and elevated the heart rate and spontaneous movement rate. LncRNA-mRNA network analysis revealed that cell cycle and oocyte meiosis-related pathways in IMI groups and steroid biosynthesis related pathways in THM groups were significantly enriched in F1 offspring. Similar transcriptional alterations of dmrt1, insl3, cdc20, ccnb1, dnd1, ddx4, cox4i1l, and cox5b2 were observed in gonads of F0 and F1 generations. The findings indicated that prolonged paternal or maternal exposure to IMI and THM could severely cause intergenerational toxicity, resulting in developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects in zebrafish offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Ying Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Yang J, Fu B, Gong P, Zhang C, Wei X, Yin C, Huang M, He C, Du T, Liang J, Liu S, Ji Y, Xue H, Wang C, Hu J, Du H, Zhang R, Yang X, Zhang Y. CYP6CX2 and CYP6CX3 mediate thiamethoxam resistance in field whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae). J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:1342-1351. [PMID: 37208311 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are well-known for their crucial roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics. However, whether CYP6CX2 and CYP6CX3, 2 genes from our Bemisia tabaci (B. tabaci) MED/Q genome data were associated with detoxification metabolism and confer resistance to thiamethoxam is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of CYP6CX2 and CYP6CX3 in mediating whitefly thiamethoxam resistance. Our results showed that mRNA levels of CYP6CX2 and CYP6CX3 were up-regulated after exposure to thiamethoxam. Transcriptional levels of 2 genes were overexpressed in laboratory and field thiamethoxam resistant strains by RT-qPCR. These results indicate that the enhanced expression of CYP6CX2 and CYP6CX3 appears to confer thiamethoxam resistance in B. tabaci. Moreover, linear regression analysis showed that the expression levels of CYP6CX2 and CYP6CX3 were positively correlated with thiamethoxam resistance levels among populations. The susceptibility of whitefly adults was markedly increased after silencing 2 genes by RNA interference (RNAi) which further confirming their major role in thiamethoxam resistance. Our findings provide information to better understand the roles of P450s in resistance to neonicotinoids and suggest that these genes may be applied to develop target genes for sustainable management tactic of agricultural pests such as B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Buli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peipan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuegao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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12
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Qi F, Liu X, Deng Z, Lu Y, Chen Y, Geng H, Zhang Q, Rao Q, Song W. Effects of Thiamethoxam and Fenvalerate Residue Levels on Light-Stable Isotopes of Leafy Vegetables. Foods 2023; 12:2655. [PMID: 37509747 PMCID: PMC10378639 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of the rational and standardized use of pesticides is important for the sustainable development of agriculture while maintaining a high quality. The insecticides thiamethoxam and fenvalerate and the vegetables spinach, cabbage, and lettuce were used here as study objects. Descriptive analysis and primary reaction kinetic equations were used to analyze the changes in metabolic residues of the two insecticides after different numbers of application in three vegetables. The effects of pesticide residue levels on the δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O values of vegetables were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to build discrimination models of the vegetables with different pesticide residues based on stable isotopes. The results showed that the first degradation residues of thiamethoxam and fenvalerate in spinach, cabbage, and lettuce conformed to primary reaction kinetic equations, but the degradation half-lives were long, and accumulation occurred in the second application. The differences in the four stable isotope ratios in the control group of the three vegetables were statistically significant, and two-thirds of the stable isotope ratios in the three vegetables with different numbers of pesticide applications were significantly different. The δ13C and δ15N values of spinach, the δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H values of cabbage, and the δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O values of lettuce were significantly correlated with different residues of thiamethoxam and/or fenvalerate applications. The control groups of the three vegetables, spinach-thiamethoxam-first, spinach-thiamethoxam-second, cabbage-thiamethoxam-second, cabbage-fenvalerate-first, and lettuce-thiamethoxam-first, were fully identified by PLS-DA models, while the identification models of other vegetables containing pesticide residues still need to be further improved. The results provide technical support for identifying the rational use of pesticides in vegetables and provide a reference method for guaranteeing the authenticity of green and organic vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qi
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- College of Food Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhongsheng Deng
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yijiao Chen
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
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13
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Jiang QH, Li T, Liu Y, Zhou ZY, Yang Y, Wei Y, Yin MZ, Shen J, Yan S. A nano-delivery system expands the insecticidal target of thiamethoxam to include a devastating pest, the fall armyworm. Insect Sci 2023; 30:803-815. [PMID: 36317674 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano-delivery systems have been applied to deliver various synthetic/botanical pesticides to increase the efficiency of pesticide use and reduce the volumes of pesticides applied. Previous studies have supported the hypothesis that the nanocarriers can help expand the insecticidal target of pesticides to include non-target pests. However, the potential mechanism underlying this interesting phenomenon remains unclear. Herein, a widely applied star polycation (SPc) nanocarrier was synthesized to construct a thiamethoxam (TMX) nano-delivery system. The SPc-based delivery system could promote the translocation of exogenous substances across the membrane of Sf9 cells, increase the cytotoxicity of TMX against Sf9 cells by nearly 20%, and expand the insecticidal target of TMX to include Spodoptera frugiperda (the fall armyworm), with a 27.5% mortality increase at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. Moreover, the RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that the SPc could upregulate various transport-related genes, such as Rab, SORT1, CYTH, and PIKfyve, for the enhanced cellular uptake of TMX. Furthermore, enhanced cell death in larvae treated with the TMX-SPc complex was observed through changes in the expression levels of death-related genes, such as Casp7, BIRC5, MSK1, and PGAM5. The SPc-based nano-delivery system improved the cellular uptake of TMX and expanded its insecticidal target by adjusting the expression levels of death-related genes. The current study mainly identified the transport and cell death genes related to nanocarrier-based insecticidal target expansion, which is beneficial for understanding the bioactivity enhancement of the nano-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Hong Jiang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhou
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Lab of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Chen S, Zhang Q, Rao Q, Wang X, Du P, Song W. Dissipation, Bioconcentration and Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolites in Agaricus bisporus and Substrates under Different Application Methods. Toxics 2023; 11:500. [PMID: 37368600 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to acquire scientific evidence for the application of thiamethoxam (TMX) in Agaricus bisporus cultivation, residue and dissipation experiments for field trials were performed with the application of TMX in compost and casing soil, respectively. An effective QuEChERS method was established to analyze TMX and its two metabolites, clothianidin (CLO) and thiamethoxam-urea (TMX-urea), in compost, casing soil, and fruiting bodies. The results indicated that the TMX dissipation half-lives (t1/2) at dosages of 10 and 50 mg kg-1 were 19.74 d (day) and 28.87 d in compost and 33.54 d and 42.59 d in casing soil, individually. TMX, CLO, and TMX-urea were observed after TMX application in compost and casing soil. For TMX applied to the casing soil, only TMX residues were detected in fruiting bodies with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of 0.0003~0.0009. In addition, both the chronic risk quotient (RQ) and acute risk quotient (HQ) values of TMX in fruiting bodies were far less than 1, which means the dietary health risks to humans were acceptable. However, in the TMX application to the compost, these analytes were not detected in the fruiting bodies. This suggested that the application of TMX in compost was safer than in casing soil during A. bisporus cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Penghui Du
- College of Food Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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15
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Vieira JGA, Santana EDR, Thiesen LV, Matioli TF, Yamamoto PT. Effect of Systemic Insecticides Applied via Drench on the Mortality of Diaphorina citri on Curry Leaf. Insects 2023; 14:insects14050422. [PMID: 37233050 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), the most serious disease in citriculture, is caused by the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri. HLB is mainly controlled with insecticides, necessitating the development of alternative methods, e.g., the use of trap plants such as curry leaf Bergera koenigii, which is highly attractive to the ACP. We evaluated the effects of the main systemic insecticides used by citrus growers, applied via drench to adults of D. citri on the curry leaf tree. We tested the persistence of three pesticides: thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole, and imidacloprid in protected cultivation and the field condition at 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 98, and 154 days after the application. Different concentrations of insecticides containing the active ingredient thiamethoxam were tested on adults to determine the LC10 and LC50. Finally, we assessed the sublethal effects on the oviposition and development of D. citri. The insecticides controlled the adults for long periods. However, in the field experiment, from 42 days after application there was a decrease in mortality caused by pesticides applied via drench, while in the protected cultivation, mortality did not decline until the last day of evaluation. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for thiamethoxam was 0.031 g of active ingredient per plant, and for thiamethoxam in a mixture, the LC50 was 0.028 g a.i. per plant. In the experiment with sublethal doses, D. citri did not oviposit on the treated plants. Our findings suggest that the attract-and-kill system using the curry leaf tree and systemic insecticides is effective for the control of D. citri and contributes to the integrated management of HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gabriela Aleixo Vieira
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Emile Dayara Rabelo Santana
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vinicius Thiesen
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Fagundes Matioli
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Takao Yamamoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
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16
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Chen Q, Sun S, Yang X, Yan H, Wang K, Ba X, Wang H. Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Development, Body Weight and Economic Characteristics of Silkworm. Toxics 2023; 11:toxics11050402. [PMID: 37235217 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is a critical insect for silk producers, but the inappropriate application of insecticides negatively affects the physiology and behavior of silkworms. This study found that the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides applied using two spraying methods on the growth and development of silkworms were different: the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of two pesticides applied using the leaf-dipping method were 0.33 and 0.83 mg L-1 and those of two pesticides applied using the quantitative spraying method were 0.91 and 1.23 mg kg-1. The concentration of pesticides on the mulberry leaves did not decrease after their application using the quantitative spraying method, and a uniform spraying density was observed after the mulberry leaves were air-dried (no liquid) under realistic conditions. We then treated silkworms with the quantitative spraying method and leaf-dipping method. The treatment of silkworm larvae with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam at sublethal concentrations significantly prolonged the development time and significantly decreased the weight and pupation rate, as well as economic indicators of enamel layers and sputum production. Thiamethoxam treatment significantly increased the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The activity of CarE and GST increased, decreased, and then increased, and the highest activity was detected on the 10th and 12th days. Thiamethoxam exposure significantly elevated the transcription levels of CarE-11, GSTe3 and GSTz2 and induced DNA damage in hemocytes. This study confirmed that the quantitative spray method is more stable than the leaf-dipping method. Moreover, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatment affected the economy and indexes of silkworms and induced changes in detoxification enzymes and DNA damage in silkworms. These results provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of the sublethal effects of insecticides on silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shoumin Sun
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Kaiyun Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiucheng Ba
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Binzhou, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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17
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Wang P, Ma L, Ge J, Feng F, Wan Q, Zeng D, Yu X. Colonization Mechanism of Endophytic Enterobacter cloacae TMX-6 on Rice Seedlings Mediated by Organic Acids Exudated from Roots. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:4802-4809. [PMID: 36921065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Small molecular organic acids (SMOAs) in root exudates are critical for plant-microbe interaction, especially under environmental stresses. However, the dominant organic acids driving the process and promoting the colonization are unclear. Here, using a target metabolomics, 20 main SMOAs of rice root exudates were identified and analyzed in control and 10 mg/L thiamethoxam-treated groups. The composition of these SMOAs differed significantly between the two treatments. Among which, malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and proline induced a chemotactic response, swimming ability, and biofilm formation of Enterobacter cloacae TMX-6 in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal chemotactic response of TMX-6 was induced by proline at 10 mg/L, and a strong chemotactic response was even observed at 0.01 mg/L. The recruitment assay confirmed that the addition of these four compounds promoted the colonization of TMX-6. The results provide insight for directional regulation of plant-microbe interactions for beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agrio-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fayun Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agrio-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agrio-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China
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Dang K, Doggett SL, Lee CY. Performance of Pyrethroid-Neonicotinoid Mixture Formulations Against Field-Collected Strains of the Tropical Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) on Different Substrates. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:29-39. [PMID: 35639556 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The residual performance of two pyrethroid-neonicotinoid mixture formulations: Temprid SC (10.5% beta-cyfluthrin and 21% imidacloprid) and Tandem (3.5% lambda-cyhalothrin and 11.6% thiamethoxam) on two substrates (glass and filter paper) against eight pyrethroid-resistant strains (BM-MY, BP-MY, CH-MY, GL-MY, KL-MY, SAJ-MY, TT-MY, and QLD-AU) of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) collected from Malaysia, and Australia were evaluated. The aging effect of treatment residues on glass was also investigated. A susceptible C. lectularius L. strain (Monheim) was used for comparison. Temprid SC showed varying levels of performance against all C. hemipterus strains: TT-MY (PR50 = 6.5-fold, high performance), BM-MY, GL-MY, SAJ-MY, and QLD-AU (12.8-21.6-fold, moderate performance), BP-MY, and KL-MY (48.2-49-fold, poor performance), CH-MY (128.2-fold, very poor performance). On the other hand, Tandem displayed high performance against all C. hemipterus strains (1.8-8.3-fold). Tandem caused faster mortality than Temprid SC for all strains. Temprid SC and Tandem residues killed C. hemipterus significantly faster on glass than filter paper. Compared with fresh residues, the efficacy of Temprid SC residues significantly declined after one week of aging, while the effectiveness of Tandem residues declined after two weeks of aging. Further investigations using the topical assay method with a diagnostic dose of imidacloprid found two strains (CH-MY and GL-MY) resistant to imidacloprid. The six other strains (BM-MY, BP-MY, KL-MY, SAJ-MY, TT-MY, and QLD-AU) were susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dang
- Department of Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Stephen L Doggett
- Department of Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Boufercha O, Monforte AR, Boudemagh A, Ferreira AC, Castro PML, Moreira IS. Biodegradation and Metabolic Pathway of the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Thiamethoxam by Labrys portucalensis F11. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (TMX) is an effective neonicotinoid insecticide. However, its widespread use is detrimental to non-targeted organisms and water systems. This study investigates the biodegradation of this insecticide by Labrys portucalensis F11. After 30 days of incubation in mineral salt medium, L. portucalensis F11 was able to remove 41%, 35% and 100% of a supplied amount of TMX (10.8 mg L-1) provided as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, the sole carbon and sulfur source and as the sole carbon source, respectively. Periodic feeding with sodium acetate as the supplementary carbon source resulted in faster degradation of TMX (10.8 mg L-1); more than 90% was removed in 3 days. The detection and identification of biodegradation intermediates was performed by UPLC-QTOF/MS/MS. The chemical structure of 12 metabolites is proposed. Nitro reduction, oxadiazine ring cleavage and dechlorination are the main degradation pathways proposed. After biodegradation, toxicity was removed as indicated using Aliivibrio fischeri and by assessing the synthesis of an inducible β-galactosidase by an E. coli mutant (Toxi-Chromo test). L. portucalensis F11 was able to degrade TMX under different conditions and could be effective in bioremediation strategies.
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Xiao Y, Zhang H, Li Z, Huang T, Akihiro T, Xu J, Xu H, Lin F. An amino acid transporter-like protein (OsATL15) facilitates the systematic distribution of thiamethoxam in rice for controlling the brown planthopper. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1888-1901. [PMID: 35678495 PMCID: PMC9491460 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and genetic engineering of plant transporters involved in the pesticide uptake and translocation facilitate pesticide relocation to the tissue where the pests feed, thus improving the bioavailability of the agrichemicals. We aimed to identify thiamethoxam (THX) transporters in rice and modify their expression for better brown planthopper (BPH) control with less pesticide application. A yeast library expressing 1385 rice transporters was screened, leading to the identification of an amino acid transporter-like (ATL) gene, namely OsATL15, which facilitates THX uptake in both yeast cells and rice seedlings. In contrast to a decrease in THX content in osatl15 knockout mutants, ectopic expression of OsATL15 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter or a vascular-bundle-specific promoter gdcsPpro significantly increased THX accumulation in rice plants, thus further enhancing the THX efficacy against BPH. OsATL15 was localized in rice cell membrane and abundant in the root transverse sections, vascular bundles of leaf blade, and stem longitudinal sections, but not in hull and brown rice at filling stages. Our study shows that OsATL15 plays an essential role in THX uptake and its systemic distribution in rice. OsATL15 could be valuable in achieving precise pest control by biotechnology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tinghong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Takashi Akihiro
- Faculty of Life and Environmental ScienceShimane UniversityShimaneJapan
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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21
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Wang ZM, Li S, Shi CC, Xie LJ, Fu KY, Jiang WH. The actions of neonicotinoid insecticides on nicotinic acetylcholine subunits Ldα1 and Ldα8 of Leptinotarsa decemlineata and assembled receptors. Insect Sci 2022; 29:1387-1400. [PMID: 35038787 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a pentameric channel protein and also a target for neonicotinoids. There are few reported studies on the molecular interactions of Leptinotarsa decemlineata nAChRs with neonicotinoids. In this study, we analyzed the response of acetylcholine and neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam [TMX], imidacloprid [IMI], and clothianidin [CLO]) on hybrid receptors constructed by nAChR α1 and α8 subunits of L. decemlineata (Ldα1 and Ldα8) co-expressed with rat β2 subunit (rβ2) at different capped RNA (cRNA) ratios in Xenopus oocytes. In addition, we evaluated the expression changes of Ldα1 and Ldα8 after median lethal dose of TMX treatment for 72 h by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The resulting functional nAChRs Ldα1/rβ2 and Ldα1/Ldα8/rβ2 showed different pharmacological characteristics. The neonicotinoids tested showed lower agonist affinity on Ldα1/Ldα8/rβ2 compared to Ldα1/rβ2 at same ratios of subunit cRNAs. The sensitivities of neonicotinoids tested for Ldα1/rβ2 and Ldα1/Ldα8/rβ2 at cRNA ratios of 5:1, 1:1 and 5:5:1, 1:1:1, respectively, were lower than those for nAChRs at ratios of 1:5 and 1:1:5, respectively, whereas the values of maximum response (Imax ) varied. For Ldα1/Ldα8/rβ2, a reduction of Lda8 cRNA resulted in increased sensitivity to IMI and decreased sensitivity to TMX. The expression of Ldα1 and Ldα8 significantly decreased in adults by 82.12% and 47.02%, respectively, while Ldα8 was significantly upregulated by 2.44 times in 4th instar larvae after exposure to TMX. We infer that Ldα1 and Ldα8 together play an important role in the sensitivity of L. decemlineata to neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin-Jie Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai-Yun Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry Agriculture P.R. China, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
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22
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Thompson H, Vaughan S, Mahlein A, Ladewig E, Kenter C. Is there a risk to honeybees from use of thiamethoxam as a sugar beet seed treatment? Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022; 18:709-721. [PMID: 34292667 PMCID: PMC9290588 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ban imposed by the European Union on the use of neonicotinoids as sugar beet seed treatments was based on the exposure of bees to residues of neonicotinoids in pollen and nectar of succeeding crops. To address this concern, residues of thiamethoxam (TMX) and clothianidin (CTD) were analyzed in soil collected from fields planted in at least the previous year with thiamethoxam-treated sugar beet seed. This soil monitoring program was conducted at 94 sites across Germany in two separate years. In addition, a succeeding crop study assessed residues in soil, guttation fluid, pollen, and nectar sampled from untreated succeeding crops planted in the season after thiamethoxam seed-treated sugar beet at eight field sites across five countries. The overall mean residues observed in soil monitoring were 8.0 ± 0.5 µg TMX + CTD/kg in the season after the use of treated sugar beet seed. Residue values decreased with increasing time interval between the latest thiamethoxam or clothianidin application before sugar beet drilling and with lower application frequency. Residues were detected in guttation fluid (2.0-37.7 µg TMX/L); however, the risk to pollinators from this route of exposure is likely to be low, based on the reported levels of consumption. Residues of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in pollen and nectar sampled from the succeeding crops were detected at or below the limit of quantification (0.5-1 µg a.i./kg) in 86.7% of pollen and 98.6% of nectar samples and, unlike guttation fluid residues, were not correlated with measured soil residues. Residues in pollen and nectar are lower than reported sublethal adverse effect concentrations in studies with honeybee and bumble bee individuals and colonies fed only thiamethoxam-treated sucrose, and are lower than those reported to result in no effects in honeybees, bumble bees, and solitary bees foraging on seed-treated crops. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:709-721. © 2021 SYNGENTA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thompson
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research StationBerkshireUK
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research StationBerkshireUK
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23
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Siviter H, Matthews AJ, Brown MJF. A Combined LD50 for Agrochemicals and Pathogens in Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris [Hymenoptera: Apidae]). Environ Entomol 2022; 51:378-384. [PMID: 35021185 PMCID: PMC9032631 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are the most commonly used insecticide in the world and can have significant sub-lethal impacts on beneficial insects, including bumblebees, which are important pollinators of agricultural crops and wild-flowers. This has led to bans on neonicotinoid use in the EU and has resulted in repeated calls for the agrochemical regulatory process to be modified. For example, there is increasing concern about 1) the underrepresentation of wild bees, such as bumblebees, in the regulatory process, and 2) the failure to determine how agrochemicals, such as neonicotinoids, interact with other commonly occurring environmental stressors, such as parasites. Here, we modify an OECD approved lethal dose (LD50) experimental design and coexpose bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam and the highly prevalent trypanosome parasite Crithidia bombi, in a fully crossed design. We found no difference in the LD50 of thiamethoxam on bumblebees that had or had not been inoculated with the parasite (Crithidia bombi). Furthermore, thiamethoxam dosage did not appear to influence the parasite intensity of surviving bumblebees, and there was no effect of either parasite or insecticide on sucrose consumption. The methodology used demonstrates how existing ring-tested experimental designs can be effectively modified to include other environmental stressors such as parasites. Moving forward, the regulatory process should implement methodologies that assess the interactions between agrochemicals and parasites on non-Apis bees and, in cases when this is not practical, should implement post-regulatory monitoring to better understand the real-world consequences of agrochemical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
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Yang Y, Qin S, Wang X, Cao J, Li J. Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 35408608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residues pose a potential threat to human health. This study aims to investigate the residue behavior and acute dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin on spinach. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). At spike levels from 0.01 to 5 mg kg−1, the average recoveries of both analytes were in the range of 94.5−105.5%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.8−10.9%. The dissipation behavior of thiamethoxam followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of ≤1.6 days. Clothianidin appeared readily as a plant metabolite with highest level exhibited during 3 to 5 days after application. Temperature and light may be two main factors for degradation of thiamethoxam. Besides, acute risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin was evaluated with risk quotients (RQs) <100%, which suggested a low health risk for all consumer groups of Chinese residents.
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25
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Francisco R, Almeida C, Sousa ACA, Neves MC, Freire MG. High Performance of Ionic-Liquid-Based Materials to Remove Insecticides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062989. [PMID: 35328411 PMCID: PMC8950405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides commonly used for pest control in agriculture and veterinary applications. Due to their widespread use, neonicotinoid insecticides (neonics) are found in different environmental compartments, including water, soils, and biota, in which their high toxicity towards non-target organisms is a matter of great concern. Given their widespread use and high toxicity, the development of strategies to remove neonics, while avoiding further environmental contamination is of high priority. In this work, ionic-liquid-based materials, comprising silica modified with tetraalkylammonium cations and the chloride anion, were explored as alternative adsorbent materials to remove four neonics insecticides, namely imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam, from aqueous media. These materials or supported ionic liquids (SILs) were first synthesized and chemically characterized and further applied in adsorption studies. It was found that the equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate in the solid phase decreases with the decrease in the SIL cation alkyl chain length, reinforcing the relevance of hydrophobic interactions between ionic liquids (ILs) and insecticides. The best-identified SIL for the adsorption of the studied insecticides corresponds to silica modified with propyltrioctylammonium chloride ([Si][N3888]Cl). The saturation of SILs was reached in 5 min or less, showing their fast adsorption rate towards all insecticides, in contrast with activated carbon (benchmark) that requires 40 to 60 min. The best fitting of the experimental kinetic data was achieved with the Pseudo Second-Order model, meaning that the adsorption process is controlled at the solid-liquid interface. On the other hand, the best fitting of the experimental isotherm data is given by the Freundlich isotherm model, revealing that multiple layers of insecticides onto the SIL surface may occur. The continuous removal efficiency of the best SIL ([Si][N3888]Cl) by solid-phase extraction was finally appraised, with the maximum adsorption capacity decreasing in the following sequence: imidacloprid > thiacloprid > thiamethoxam > acetamiprid. Based on real reported values, under ideal conditions, 1 g of [Si][N3888]Cl is able to treat at least 106 m3 of wastewater and water from wetland contaminated with the studied neonics. In summary, the enhanced adsorption capacity of SILs for a broad diversity of neonics was demonstrated, reinforcing the usefulness of these materials for their removal from aqueous matrices and thus contributing to preventing their introduction into the ecosystems and reducing their detrimental effects in the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Francisco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.A.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Catarina Almeida
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.A.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Ana C. A. Sousa
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Márcia C. Neves
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.A.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.A.); (M.C.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Xu H, Yan K, Ding Y, Lv Y, Li J, Yang F, Chen X, Gao X, Pan Y, Shang Q. Chemosensory Proteins Are Associated with Thiamethoxam and Spirotetramat Tolerance in Aphis gossypii Glover. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2356. [PMID: 35216472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are a class of transporters in arthropods. Deeper research on CSPs showed that CSPs may be involved in some physiological processes beyond chemoreception, such as insect resistance to pesticides. We identified two upregulated CSPs in two resistant strains of Aphis gossypii Glover. To understand their role in the resistance of aphids to pesticides, we performed the functional verification of CSP1 and CSP4 in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that the sensitivity of the thiamethoxam-resistant strain to thiamethoxam increased significantly with the silencing of CSP1 and CSP4 by RNAi (RNA interference), and the sensitivity of the spirotetramat-resistant strain to spirotetramat increased significantly with the silencing of CSP4. Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing CSPs exhibited stronger resistance to thiamethoxam, spirotetramat, and alpha-cypermethrin than the control did. In the bioassay of transgenic Drosophila, CSPs showed different tolerance mechanisms for different pesticides, and the overexpressed CSPs may play a role in processes other than resistance to pesticides. In brief, the present results prove that CSPs are related to the resistance of cotton aphids to insecticides.
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27
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Li KL, Chen WY, Zhang M, Luo XW, Liu Y, Zhang DY, Chen A. Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin for Chinese consumption of Chinese kale. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:417-424. [PMID: 34143904 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamethoxam is widely used to control pests in Chinese kale, popularly consumed leafy vegetables. The potential risk to the environment and human health has aroused much public concern. Therefore, it is important to investigate the degradation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale. RESULTS A sensitive analytical method for determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residue in Chinese kale was established and validated through a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The recoveries were 85.4-101.2% for thiamethoxam and 79.5-108.1% for clothianidin, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9-10.2% and 1.8-6.0%, respectively. For the dissipation kinetics, the data showed that thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was degraded with the half-lives of 4.1 to 4.5 days. In the terminal residue experiments, the residues of thiamethoxam were 0.017-0.357 mg kg-1 after application 2-3 times with a preharvest interval (PHI) of 7 days under the designed dosages. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessment risk quotient (RQ) values of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale for different Chinese consumers were 0.08-0.19% and 0.05-0.12%, respectively, and those of clothianidin were 0.01-0.04% and 0.02-0.04%, respectively, all of the RQ values were lower than 100%. CONCLUSION Thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was rapidly degraded following first-order kinetics models. The dietary risk of thiamethoxam and clothianidin through Chinese kale was negligible to consumers. The results from this study are important reference for Chinese governments to developing criteria for the safe and rational use of thiamethoxam, setting maximum residue levels (MRLs), monitoring the quality safety of agricultural products and protecting consumer health. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Long Li
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Wu-Ying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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Çakır D, Çetin H. Determination of Resistance Levels Against Thiamethoxam in house fly ( Musca domestica L.) Populations in Antalya. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021; 45:287-292. [PMID: 34889197 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.85057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many fly species belonging to the genus Musca (Diptera: Muscidae) play a significant role in the transmission of pathogens like bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Among the species of this genus, the house fly Musca domestica L. is well-known. This study aimed to determine the level of insecticide resistance against thiamethoxam in house fly populations collected from the Kemer, Serik, Döşemealtı, Kepez, and Konyaaltı districts of Antalya. METHODS Adult house flies were collected using sweep nets from livestock farms between June and November 2017. The collected flies were transported in fine muslin cages within 4-6 hours. The F3 generation of the flies was used for determining the resistance levels. In this study, at least four application doses of thiamethoxam were used for determining lethal doses (LD) and knock down times (KT). To determine KT, the flies were examined for 1 h at 5 min intervals and the affected flies were recorded. All toxicity tests were repeated thrice in the flies, including those in the control group. After 24 h, the number of dead flies was recorded and the percentage mortalities and knock down rates were compared and analyzed using the SPSS analysis program. LD50 and KT50 values were determined using a probit analysis program. Resistance factor was calculated by dividing the determined LD50 value by the standard World Health Organization sensitive reference LD50 value. RESULTS In this study, very high resistance levels against thiamethoxam were observed in flies sampled from all locations in Antalya. CONCLUSION To prevent and reduce resistance development in house flies, integrated pest control methods should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Çakır
- Akdeniz Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Çetin
- Akdeniz Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Antalya, Türkiye
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Habotta OA, Ateya A, Saleh RM, El-Ashry ES. Thiamethoxam-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and disturbance of steroidogenic genes in male rats: Palliative role of Saussurea lappa and Silybum marianum. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:2051-2061. [PMID: 34181816 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (TMX) belongs to the neonicotinoid insecticide family and may evoke marked endocrine disruption. In this study, the reproductive toxicity of TMX on male rats was assessed along with the ability of Saussurea lappa (costus roots) and/or Silybum marianum extract (SM) to alleviate TMX toxicity. Male rats were allocated to seven groups and orally treated daily for 4 weeks: Control (saline), Costus (200 mg/kg), SM (150 mg/kg), TMX (78.15 mg/kg), TMX-costus, TMX-SM, and TMX-costus-SM (at the aforementioned doses). Compared with control group, TMX administration induced reductions in testicular levels of glutathione and antioxidant activities of SOD and CAT. In addition, TMX-exposed rats showed lower serum testosterone hormonal levels as well as higher malondialdehyde and nitric acid levels were detected in TMX-administered rats. On a molecular basis, mRNA expressions of StAR, CYP17a, 3β-HSD, SR-B1, and P450scc genes were significantly down-regulated in TMX group, whereas the expression of LHR and aromatase genes was up-regulated. Moreover, TMX-induced testicular damage was confirmed by histopathological screening. Importantly, however, the administration of either costus roots or SM significantly alleviated all aforementioned TMX-induced changes, indicating the effective antioxidant activities of these plant products. Interestingly, simultaneous treatment with costus root and SM provided better protection against TMX reproduction toxicity than treatment with either agent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Ashry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wijerathna A, Evenden M, Reid P, Tidemann B, Cárcamo H. Management of Pea Leaf Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Development of a Nominal Threshold in Faba Beans. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:1597-1606. [PMID: 34021578 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), can reduce the yield of field pea [Pisum sativum (L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae)] and faba bean [Vicia faba (L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae)]. Adults feed on the foliage and larvae feed on root nodules and nodule-associated Rhizobium Frank (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiacea) bacteria. In this study, we developed a data-based nominal threshold for pea leaf weevil in faba bean. We further tested the efficacy of insecticidal seed treatment and foliar insecticide (thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively), and nitrogen amendment for pea leaf weevil control using a multi-year field plot study at two sites in Alberta, Canada. Pea leaf weevil feeding damage significantly reduced faba bean yields. Thiamethoxam reduced adult and larval damage, and protected faba bean yield, while neither lambda-cyhalothrin nor a nitrogen amendment was effective in protecting yield. The percentage of seedlings with feeding on the terminal leaf had a negative relationship with yield and was used to estimate a nominal threshold near 15% of seedlings with terminal leaf damage. Since lambda-cyhalothrin is not effective in managing pea leaf weevil on faba bean, there is a need to research additional integrated pest management strategies to reduce prophylactic insecticidal seed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Wijerathna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maya Evenden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patty Reid
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | | | - Héctor Cárcamo
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Kozii IV, Barnsley S, Silva MCBD, Wood SC, Klein CD, de Mattos IM, Zabrodski MW, Silva RDCM, Fabela CIO, Guillemin L, Dvylyuk I, Ferrari MCO, Simko E. Reproductive fitness of honey bee queens exposed to thiamethoxam during development. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1107-1118. [PMID: 34269115 PMCID: PMC8581721 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The productivity and survival of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies depend on queen bee health. Colony-level neonicotinoid exposure has negative effects on reproductive fitness of honey bee queens. However, it is unclear if the observed effects are a direct outcome of neonicotinoid toxicity or result from suboptimal care of developing queens by exposed workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate larval survival, reproductive fitness, and histopathology of honey bee queens exposed to incremental doses (0, 5, 50 ng) of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (THI) applied directly to individual late larvae (7 days post-oviposition) of queens. The 5 ng dose represents a calculated high environmental level of exposure for honey bee queen larvae. Morphometric evaluation revealed that the total area of mandibular gland epithelium in queens exposed to 5 and 50 ng THI was reduced by 14% (P = .12) and 25% (P = .001), respectively. Decreased mandibular gland size may alter pheromone production, which could in part explain previously observed negative effects of THI on the reproductive fitness of queens. We also found that late larval exposure to THI reduced larval and pupal survival and decreased sperm viability in mated queens. These changes may interfere with queen development and reproductive longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna V Kozii
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sarah Barnsley
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Sarah C Wood
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Colby D Klein
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ihor Dvylyuk
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Elemir Simko
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Seshadri A, Bernklau E. Context-Dependent Effect of Dietary Phytochemicals on Honey Bees Exposed to a Pesticide, Thiamethoxam. J Insect Sci 2021; 21:6347255. [PMID: 34374762 PMCID: PMC8353980 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees continue to face challenges relating to the degradation of natural flowering habitats that limit their access to diverse floral resources. While it is known that nectar and pollen provide macronutrients, flowers also contain secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) that impart benefits including increased longevity, improved gut microbiome abundance, and pathogen tolerance. Our study aims to understand the role of phytochemicals in pesticide tolerance when worker bees were fed with sublethal doses (1 ppb and 10 ppb) of thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid, in 20% (w/v) sugar solution supplemented with 25 ppm of phytochemicals-caffeine, kaempferol, gallic acid, or p-coumaric acid, previously shown to have beneficial impacts on bee health. The effect of phytochemical supplementation during pesticide exposure was context-dependent. With 1 ppb TMX, phytochemical supplementation increased longevity but at 10 ppb TMX, longevity was reduced suggesting a negative synergistic effect. Phytochemicals mixed with 1 ppb TMX increased mortality in bees of the forager-age group but with 10 ppb TMX, mortality of the inhive-age group increased, implying the possibility of accumulation effect in lower sublethal doses. Given that the phytochemical composition of pollen and nectar varies between plant species, we suggest that the negative impacts of agrochemicals on honey bees could vary based on the phytochemicals in pollen and nectar of that crop, and hence the effects may vary across crops. Analyzing the phytochemical composition for individual crops may be a necessary first step prior to determining the appropriate dosage of agrochemicals so that harm to bees Apis mellifera L. is minimized while crop pests are effectively controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Seshadri
- Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Unit, USDA ARS/WRRC, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Elisa Bernklau
- Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Sunamura E, Tamura S, Taki H, Sato H, Shoda-Kagaya E, Urano T. Efficacy of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides against Invasive Wood Borer Aromia bungii Larvae in Dietary Toxicity Test. Insects 2021; 12:insects12070592. [PMID: 34209802 PMCID: PMC8303763 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This study investigated the effects of two neonicotinoid insecticides (thiamethoxam and dinotefuran) on alien wood borer Aromia bungii, which invaded Japan recently. Small neonates and large larvae were fed artificial diet with different insecticide concentrations and then reared for 3 (neonates) or 12 (large larvae) weeks in the laboratory. Diet excavation immediately dropped in larvae exposed to high concentrations of both insecticides (≥1 ppm in neonates and ≥10 ppm in large larvae). Their growth was significantly suppressed, and the survival rate gradually declined over time (≥87% decline over 12 weeks in large larvae). These effects were similar between neonates and large larvae, but neonates were affected more by lower insecticide concentrations than large larvae. The two insecticides gradually debilitate A. bungii larvae. In practical use, rapid suppression of A. bungii wood boring damage can be expected by injecting these insecticides into infested trees. However, a relatively long–term retention of the insecticides may be required to kill the larvae in the trees, especially large larvae. Neonates may be controlled with less insecticides and shorter exposure than large larvae. Abstract In recent years, insecticide trunk injection was put into practical use for controlling wood boring pests. However, few studies have investigated the dose–response relationships between insecticides and wood–boring pests in detail. This study used two commercial formulations of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and dinotefuran and investigated their dose–response relationships with invasive wood borer Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae. Neonates and late instar larvae were reared with an artificial diet containing different insecticide concentrations (0.01–100 ppm) in the laboratory, and their diet excavation activity, survival rate, and weight change were recorded. Diet excavation immediately dropped in larvae exposed to high concentrations of thiamethoxam or dinotefuran (≥1 ppm in neonates and ≥10 ppm in late instar larvae). The weight and survival rate gradually declined over 12 weeks in late instar larvae. These results suggest that the two neonicotinoids intoxicate and debilitate A. bungii larvae gradually to death. In practical use, rapid suppression of A. bungii wood boring damage can be expected by trunk injection of neonicotinoid insecticides. However, a relatively long-term retention of the insecticides may be required to kill large larvae. Neonates may be controlled with lower insecticide dosage and shorter exposure than larger larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiriki Sunamura
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-829-8254
| | - Shigeaki Tamura
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Hisatomo Taki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Etsuko Shoda-Kagaya
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; (S.T.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Tadahisa Urano
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nagaikyutaroh 68, Momoyama-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan;
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Esquivel CJ, Canas LA, Tilmon K, Michel AP. Evaluating the role of insecticidal seed treatment and refuge for managing soybean aphid virulence. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:2924-2932. [PMID: 33624388 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing insect virulence can extend the durability of host-plant resistant crops. Genetically modified resistant crops continue to be successful because of insect-resistant management strategies that delay resistance such as multiple toxins and a susceptible refuge. These strategies may also be useful for host-plant resistant crops, but more research is needed on their applicability. We investigated the interaction between a susceptible refuge and an insecticidal seed treatment to manage virulence in the soybean aphid. We tested four scenarios of an insecticidal seed treatment (plus an untreated control) in a microcosm containing 25% aphid-susceptible (refuge) and 75% aphid-resistant soybeans. Independent cohorts of plants were infested every week with avirulent and virulent aphids at equal frequencies. We used a molecular marker to estimate the change in virulence frequency across different plant maturities (from 7 to 42 days after planting). RESULTS The presence of an insecticidal seed treatment on either the susceptible or resistant soybean decreased the overall population size of the soybean aphid. However, the insecticidal seed treatment impacted both virulent and avirulent aphids similarly, and only altered frequencies in favor of virulence when the sole susceptible plant (i.e., refuge) was treated. CONCLUSION Under our experimental conditions, the frequency of avirulent aphids persisted with the use of a refuge. Although an insecticidal seed treatment decreased the overall aphid population size, it did not appear to benefit virulence management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Esquivel
- Department of Entomology, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Luis A Canas
- Department of Entomology, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Kelley Tilmon
- Department of Entomology, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Andy P Michel
- Department of Entomology, CFAES Wooster Campus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
- Center of Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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Papanikolaou NE, Kavallieratos NG, Boukouvala MC, Malesios C. (Quasi)-Binomial vs. Gaussian Models to Evaluate Thiamethoxam, Pirimiphos-Methyl, Alpha-Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin on Different Types of Storage Bag Materials Against Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Insects 2021; 12:182. [PMID: 33669999 PMCID: PMC7926401 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are worldwide spread and notorious organisms of numerous stored-products. Both species are dangerous for bagged commodities as penetrators and invaders. The aim of the current study was to examine the efficacy of thiamethoxam, pirimiphos-methyl, alpha-cypermethrin, and deltamethrin, against E. kuehniella and T. confusum larvae, on different types of storage bag materials, i.e., woven propylene, biaxially oriented polypropylene and kraft paper through a (quasi)-binomial modeling approach. The type of the tested storage bag material did not affect the mortality rates of both species when treated with the tested insecticides. Thiamethoxam and pirimiphos-methyl showed statistically significant higher mortality rates on E. kuehniella and T. confusum (beta coefficient = 0.141; p-value < 0.05) compared to alpha-cypermethrin and deltamethrin. In addition, T. confusum exhibited significantly higher mortality rate in comparison to E. kuehniella. Our results also showed that the tested doses and surface treatments had a significant effect on the mortality E. kuehniella and T. confusum larvae. Significantly higher mortality rates were recorded when larvae were exposed on bag materials having both surfaces treated or on the single treated surface than when they were exposed on the untreated surface. Our findings can be useful towards an effective management strategy against stored-product insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos E. Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.G.K.); (M.C.B.)
- Directorate of Plant Produce Protection, Greek Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 150 Sygrou Ave., 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.G.K.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Maria C. Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.G.K.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Chrisovalantis Malesios
- Laboratory of Political Economy and European Integration, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
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Tsaganou FK, Vassilakos TN, Athanassiou CG. Knockdown-Mortality Responses of Six Stored-Product Beetle Species on Different Surfaces Treated With Thiamethoxam, Using a Standardized Lethality Index. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:430-439. [PMID: 33313685 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of thiamethoxam in different surfaces, against six stored-grain insects, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Six different surfaces (concrete, plywood, galvanized steel, linen, plastic, and ceramic tile) treated with thiamethoxam at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/cm2 were used as substrate for adult exposure. Knockdown was recorded after 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure to the treated surface, in order to calculate a Standardized Lethality Index (SLI). Knockdown counts were ranked from '0' to '4', with '0' representing adult insects 'moved generally' and '4' representing dead insects. Based on the results, insect knockdown seems leading to mortality than to recovery and the SLI ranking of the target species according to their susceptibility to thiamethoxam showed that S. granarius being more susceptible and decreasing susceptibility in an order of S. oryzae > T. castaneum ≥ O. surinamenis ≥ C. ferrugineus ≥ T. confusum. In general, among the surfaces, thiamethoxam efficacy was lower on linen, wooden, and concrete surfaces, as compared to metallic and plastic surfaces. Nevertheless, at the end of 7-d exposure, all surfaces equally affected thiamethoxam toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotoula K Tsaganou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - Thomas N Vassilakos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
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Yuan CY, Jing TX, Li W, Liu XQ, Liu TY, Liu Y, Chen ML, Jiang RX, Yuan GR, Dou W, Wang JJ. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase mediates the susceptibility of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:677-685. [PMID: 33073914 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri has developed high levels of resistance to many insecticides, and understanding its resistance mechanism will aid in the chemical control of this species. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is crucial in cytochrome P450 function, and in some insects CPR knockdown has increased their susceptibility to insecticides. However, the CPR from D. citri has not been characterized and its function is undescribed. RESULTS The CPR gene of D. citri (DcCPR) was cloned and sequenced. The expression level of DcCPR, determined by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, was highest in the midgut and in nymphs. After feeding on double-stranded RNA for 72 h, the DcCPR messenger RNA level in D. citri adults decreased by 68.4%, and the susceptibility of D. citri to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam significantly increased. Meanwhile, after DcCPR silencing, the specific activities of DcCPR protein and P450s were significantly reduced by 41.6% and 44.7%, respectively. The subsequent western blot analysis and quantification of band intensity also showed that DcCPR content significantly decreased, consistent with the results of the specific activity test. In a eukaryotic expression assay, the viability of cells expressing DcCPR was significantly higher than the viability of cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) when cells were exposed to imidacloprid or thiamethoxam. CONCLUSION These results indicate that DcCPR contributes to D. citri susceptibility to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian-Xing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui-Xu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yi T, Lei L, He L, Yi J, Li L, Dai L, Hong Y. Symbiotic Fungus Affected the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) Resistance to Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:522164. [PMID: 33391190 PMCID: PMC7772971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.522164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a notorious Rutaceae plant pest. Frequent and extensive use of pesticides has resulted in severe insecticide resistance in ACP populations. Fully understanding the mechanism of ACP resistance to pesticides is vital for us to control or delay the development of resistance. Therefore, we compared the difference in resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam between Hunan (Yongzhou, Chenzhou) and Guangdong (Guangzhou) ACP populations and analyzed the correlations between the resistance level and genes and symbiotic fungi. The results showed that the resistance of the Guangdong ACP population to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was lower than that of Hunan ACP population, and the relative expression of genes associated with P450 mono-oxygenase and acetylcholinesterase was significantly lower in the Guangdong ACP population than in Hunan ACP population. The differences of mean relative abundances of four symbiotic bacteria among three populations were marginally significant; however, the mean relative abundance of 16 fungi among three populations was significantly different, and positive linear correlations were observed between the resistance level and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans) and two genes (CYP4C70 and CYP4DB1). Negative correlations were only observed between the resistance level and two fungi (Golubevia pallescens and Acremonium sclerotigenum). Moreover, four fungi were unique to the Chenzhou population which was the highest resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. These findings suggested the P450 mono-oxygenase and symbiotic fungi together affected ACP resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. In the future, we may use environmental G. pallescens and A. sclerotigenum to control or delay ACP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyong Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianglan Yi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingguo Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyun Hong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Tang T, Zhao M, Wang P, Huang S, Fu W. Control efficacy and joint toxicity of thiamethoxam mixed with spirotetramat against the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:168-176. [PMID: 32652756 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is one of the most devastating pests in citrus orchards, and has caused huge economic losses worldwide. Chemical control is the most effective way for psyllid control. Herein, the toxicity of nine insecticides to ACP adults and the joint action of thiamethoxam + spirotetramat were determined by a topical application method in the laboratory; field plot experiments were conducted to evaluate the control efficacy of one self-made thiamethoxam + spirotetramat 40% suspension concentrate (SC) comparing with thiamethoxam 21% SC, spirotetramat 22.4% SC, tolfenpyrad 15% SC and bifenthrin 100 g/L emulsifiable concentrate against ACP using foliar sprays in 2018-2019. RESULTS The highest toxicity to ACP adults was achieved by beta-cyfulthrin, bifenthrin, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid, with median lethal doses of 0.247 to 1.382 ng/adult at 24 h after treatment. High toxicity was observed by chlorpyrifos, spirotetramat and tolfenpyrad, but moderate toxicity by pyriproxyfen and buprofezin. For mixutres of thiamethoxam and spirotetramat, a 25:15 mass ratio showed the highest synergistic effect, with a co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of 246.52; while a 10:30 mass ratio exhibited an additive effect, with a CTC of 109.84. Thiamethoxam + spirotetramat 40% SC at 60-80 mg/kg can effectively control ACP with a control efficacy of 72.92 to 99.29% during 3-30 days. Moreover, foliar sprays of all tested insecticides at the tested rates had no phytotoxic effects on citrus trees. CONCLUSION A one-time foliar spray of thiamethoxam + spirotetramat 40% SC at 80 mg/kg could be recommended to control ACP during its infestation period in citrus groves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingping Zhao
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Jianghua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shengkong Huang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Jianghua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Tang T, Zhao M, Wang P, Xiao Y, Huang S, Fu W. Field Efficacies and Joint Actions of Beta-cyfluthrin Mixed With Thiamethoxam or Tolfenpyrad Against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:2793-2799. [PMID: 32990310 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the most serious pest of citrus because it is a vector for the highly destructive citrus greening disease (huanglongbing, HLB). Currently, insecticide applications are being used widely to control psyllid populations, thereby suppressing the spread of HLB. In the present study, topical application bioassays were performed to detect the joint actions of beta-cyfluthrin and thiamethoxam or tolfenpyrad against D. citri adults in the laboratory. In 2019, a field plot experiment was conducted to evaluate the control efficacies of beta-cyfluthrin+thiamethoxam 22% capsule suspension and beta-cyfluthrin+tolfenpyrad 30% microemulsion against D. citri using foliar sprays. For the former, a 9:13 mass ratio had the highest synergistic effect, with a cotoxicity coefficient of 188.64. For the latter, a 5:25 mass ratio had the highest synergistic effect, with a cotoxicity coefficient of 153.94. A one-time foliar spray of the former at 30-40 mg/kg or of the latter at 40-60 mg/kg effectively controlled D. citri, with control efficacies varying from 80.1 to 99.4% or 80.4 to 100.0%, during the 3-30 d after treatment, respectively. Moreover, field observations indicated that these foliar sprays at the tested rates had no negative effects on citrus trees. Thus, foliar sprays of beta-cyfluthrin+thiamethoxam or beta-cyfluthrin+tolfenpyrad under the given conditions may control D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Mingping Zhao
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Province, Jianghua, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Tiger Forest and Paper Group Co., Ltd., Yueyang, China
| | - Shengkong Huang
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Province, Jianghua, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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House MA, Swanton CJ, Lukens LN. The neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam enhances expression of stress-response genes in Zea mays in an environmentally specific pattern. Genome 2020; 64:567-579. [PMID: 33242262 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid insecticide, can affect plant responses to environmental stressors, such as neighboring weeds. The molecular mechanisms behind both stable and environmentally specific responses to TMX likely involve genes related to defense and stress responses. We investigated the effect of a TMX seed treatment on global gene expression in maize coleoptiles both under normal conditions and under low ratio red to far-red (R:FR) light stress induced by the presence of neighboring plants. The neighboring plant treatment upregulated genes involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses and affected specific photosynthesis and cell-growth related genes. Low R:FR light may enhance maize resistance to herbivores and pathogens. TMX appears to compromise resistance. The TMX treatment stably repressed many genes that encode proteins involved in biotic stress responses, as well as cell-growth genes. Notably, TMX effects on many genes' expression were conditional on the environment. In response to low R:FR, plants treated with TMX engage genes in the JA pathway, as well as other stress-related response pathways. Neighboring weeds may condition TMX-treated plants to become more stress tolerant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A House
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Clarence J Swanton
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lewis N Lukens
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Chen Q, Wang R, Wei YJ, Liu JJ. [Field control efficacy of 12 insecticides and five species of natural enemies to Thysanogyna limbata]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:3241-3247. [PMID: 33314811 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202010.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thysanogyna limbata is a pest on the landscape plant Firmiana platanifolia. In this study, we evaluated the control efficacy of twelve insecticides and five common natural enemies to T. limbata. The results showed that the control efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid to T. limbata was much better than other insecticides. For the three application methods evaluated (spraying, injection, and root-irrigation), the spraying method should be avoided and the injection performed better. If conditions permitted, root-irrigation method could be used as a supplementary method. Among the five natural enemies, Chrysoperla sinica and Lemnia saucia had the best control effect on T. limbata, which could replace insecticide in the long-term control effect. Therefore, C. sinica and L. saucia could be used as safe and environment-friendly pattern to prevent T. limbata in the medium- and long-term in the garden, whereas injection of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid could be used as a short-term and rapid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Fores-try, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Juan Wei
- Shaanxi Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xi'an 710007, China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Yan GL, Wang SY. [Resistance risk and resistance stability of Frankliniella occidentalis to nitenpyram, clothianidin and thiamethoxam]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:3289-3295. [PMID: 33314817 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202010.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To effectively control the damage of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), we evalutated the resistance risk and resistance stability of F. occidentalis to nitenpyram, clothianidin and thiamethoxam. With the method of dipping Phaseolus vuglaris, we selected the resistance populations from the susceptible population with nitenpyram, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, respectively. Both the resistance inheritance and resistance risk were analyzed with the resistance reality hereditary. After 30 generations' selections, the selected-populations showed high level of insecticide resistance to nitenpyram, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, with a resistance ratio of 44.7-fold, 45.5-fold, and 32.7-fold, respectively. The development rate of resistance to clothianidin, nitenpyram, and thiamethoxam reduced in turn, with a resistance reality heritability of 0.1503, 0.1336 and 0.1258, respectively. Stopping selection for 10 continuously generations, the resistance levels of selection resis-tance populations declined slowly, but could not regain the original susceptibility to nitenpyram, clothianidin and thiamethoxam. After resistance selection, the sensitivity of F. occidentalis nymphs to clothianidin, nitenpyram, and thiamethoxam was significantly higher than that of adults. F. occidentalis had the great potential to gain high level resistance to nitenpyram, clothianidin and thiamethoxam. Compared with other two insecticides, the resistance of F. occidentalis to thiamethoxam increased slower and decreased faster. Therefore, using thiamethoxam in nymph stage might be beneficial to effectively control F. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai-Lan Yan
- Xi-Xian New District Administration for Market Regulation, Xi'an 710086, China
| | - Sheng-Yin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Wang W, Wan Q, Li Y, Ge J, Feng F, Yu X. Application of an Endophyte Enterobacter sp. TMX13 to Reduce Thiamethoxam Residues and Stress in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica chinensis L). J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:9180-9187. [PMID: 32806115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A strain of thiamethoxam-degrading endophyte, named TMX13, was isolated from roots of mulberry (Morus alba L.) and was identified as Enterobacter sp. Inoculating Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L) with strain TMX13-gfp (gfp-labeled TMX13) could significantly reduce thiamethoxam residues in the aboveground part (edible portion) of the vegetable. The theoretical daily intake (TDI) of thiamethoxam via consumption of TMX13-gfp inoculated Chinese cabbage was 0.17 μg/kg body weight per day, far less than the prescribed acceptable daily intake (ADI) for this pesticide. TMX13-gfp colonization could increase the leaf chlorophyll content and plant biomass and promote the development of plant roots. Compared with the uninoculated treatment, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves of the TMX13-gfp inoculated plants decreased by 18.4%-60.2%, suggesting that TMX13-gfp colonization could alleviate the oxidative stress induced by thiamethoxam exposure. The total amounts of organic acids and amino acids in root exudates from the TMX13-gfp inoculated Chinese cabbage decreased by 9.2% and 85.2%, respectively. Results of this study lead to the conclusion that the isolated endophyte Enterobacter sp. TMX13 could reduce thiamethoxam residues in edible vegetables, promote plant growth, and alleviate the phytotoxic effects induced by thiamethoxam exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fayun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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Mörtl M, Takács E, Klátyik S, Székács A. Appearance of Thiacloprid in the Guttation Liquid of Coated Maize Seeds. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3290. [PMID: 32397272 PMCID: PMC7246591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiacloprid (TCL) uptake by maize plants that emerge from coated seeds has been investigated and characterized via measurements of the compound in the guttation liquid. TCL levels were determined in the guttation liquid: (a) under field and semi-field conditions, (b) for different maize varieties, (c) applying different dosages, and (d) as affected by cross-contamination between maize seeds via soil. Cross-contamination was described by uptake interactions between seeds coated with TCL and neighboring seeds not coated or coated with other neonicotinoids, e.g., either thiamethoxam (TMX) or clothianidin (CLO). TCL levels remained under 100 µg/mL in the guttation liquid under field conditions, and were quantifiable even on the 39th day after planting of coated seeds. Higher levels up to 188.6 µg/mL were detected in plants grown under semi-field conditions in pots. Levels in the guttation liquid were also found to be influenced by the applied dosages. The uptake of TCL was found to vary for different maize varieties. Appearance of TCL as a cross-contaminant in the guttation liquid of neighboring plants emerging from non-coated maize seeds indicates translocation of the compound via soil. Peak levels of TCL cross-contamination were found to be lower (43.6 µg/mL) than the corresponding levels in the parent maize plants emerging from coated seeds (107.5 µg/mL), but values converge to each other. Similar trends were observed with neighboring seeds coated with other neonicotinoids (TMX or CLO). The translocation rate of TCL and its uptake by other plants seem to be lower than that of TMX or CLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H−1022 Budapest, Hungary; (E.T.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
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Elabasy A, Shoaib A, Waqas M, Shi Z, Jiang M. Cellulose Nanocrystals Loaded with Thiamethoxam: Fabrication, Characterization, and Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity against Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E788. [PMID: 32325936 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using smart nanopesticide formulations based on nanomaterials can offer promising potential applications for decreasing pesticide residues and their effects on human health and the environment. In this study, a novel nanoformulation (NF) of thiamethoxam (TMX) was fabricated using the solvent evaporation method through loading TMX on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the carrier. The synthesized TMX-CNCs was investigated through different techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the loading efficiency and entrapment efficiency were 18.7% and 83.7 ± 1.8% for TMX, respectively. The prepared nanoformulation (TMX-CNCs) had a width of 7-14 nm and a length of 85-214 nm with a zeta potential of -23.6 ± 0.3 mV. The drug release behavior study exhibited that the release of TMX from TMX-loaded CNCs was good and sustained. Furthermore, bioassay results showed that the insecticidal activity of TMX-CNCs against Phenacoccus solenopsis was significantly superior to that of the technical and commercial formulation, as indicated by the lower LC50 value. The results indicate that the TMX nanoformulation has great potential for application in agriculture for pest control.
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Wood SC, Chalifour JC, Kozii IV, Medici de Mattos I, Klein CD, Zabrodski MW, Moshynskyy I, Guarna MM, Wolf Veiga P, Epp T, Simko E. In Vitro Effects of Pesticides on European Foulbrood in Honeybee Larvae. Insects 2020; 11:insects11040252. [PMID: 32316434 PMCID: PMC7240397 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid and fungicide exposure has been linked to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to disease in honeybees (Apis mellifera). European foulbrood, caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius, is a disease of honeybee larvae which causes economic hardship for commercial beekeepers, in particular those whose colonies pollinate blueberries. We report for the first time in Canada, an atypical variant of M. plutonius isolated from a blueberry-pollinating colony. With this isolate, we used an in vitro larval infection system to study the effects of pesticide exposure on the development of European foulbrood disease. Pesticide doses tested were excessive (thiamethoxam and pyrimethanil) or maximal field-relevant (propiconazole and boscalid). We found that chronic exposure to the combination of thiamethoxam and propiconazole significantly decreased the survival of larvae infected with M. plutonius, while larvae chronically exposed to thiamethoxam and/or boscalid or pyrimethanil did not experience significant increases in mortality from M. plutonius infection in vitro. Based on these results, individual, calculated field-realistic residues of thiamethoxam and/or boscalid or pyrimethanil are unlikely to increase mortality from European foulbrood disease in honeybee worker brood, while the effects of field-relevant exposure to thiamethoxam and propiconazole on larval mortality from European foulbrood warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Wood
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (J.C.C.); (I.V.K.); (I.M.d.M.); (C.D.K.); (M.W.Z.); (I.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jocelyne C. Chalifour
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (J.C.C.); (I.V.K.); (I.M.d.M.); (C.D.K.); (M.W.Z.); (I.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Ivanna V. Kozii
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (J.C.C.); (I.V.K.); (I.M.d.M.); (C.D.K.); (M.W.Z.); (I.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Igor Medici de Mattos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (J.C.C.); (I.V.K.); (I.M.d.M.); (C.D.K.); (M.W.Z.); (I.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Colby D. Klein
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (J.C.C.); (I.V.K.); (I.M.d.M.); (C.D.K.); (M.W.Z.); (I.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Michael W. Zabrodski
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (J.C.C.); (I.V.K.); (I.M.d.M.); (C.D.K.); (M.W.Z.); (I.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Igor Moshynskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (J.C.C.); (I.V.K.); (I.M.d.M.); (C.D.K.); (M.W.Z.); (I.M.); (E.S.)
| | - M. Marta Guarna
- Beaverlodge Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1 Research Road, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada;
| | - Patricia Wolf Veiga
- National Bee Diagnostic Centre, Grand Prairie Regional College, 1 Research Road, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada;
| | - Tasha Epp
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Elemir Simko
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; (J.C.C.); (I.V.K.); (I.M.d.M.); (C.D.K.); (M.W.Z.); (I.M.); (E.S.)
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Brenner R, Prischmann-Voldseth DA. Influence of a Neonicotinoid Seed Treatment on a Nontarget Herbivore of Soybean (Twospotted Spider Mite) and Diet Switching by a Co-occurring Omnivore (Western Flower Thrips). Environ Entomol 2020; 49:461-472. [PMID: 32078674 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal neonicotinoid seed treatments are a common agricultural insect pest management strategy; however, effects on nontarget pests and omnivorous arthropods are understudied. We used a series of experiments to evaluate impacts of the neonicotinoid seed treatment thiamethoxam on densities of herbivorous twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch [Acari: Tetranychidae]) and feeding behavior of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande [Thysanoptera: Thripidae]), an omnivore that feeds on spider mite eggs but is also a significant plant pest. Spider mite densities were higher on neonicotinoid-treated soybeans, but only when mites were not spatially confined. We then examined how availability of thiamethoxam-treated food items (i.e., eggs from spider mites reared on treated soybeans, soybean leaf discs, or a combination of the two), and previous exposure to thiamethoxam-treated soybean impacted thrips feeding. Regardless of the presence of leaf tissue, thrips consumed fewer spider mite eggs laid by females reared on treated soybeans, suggesting spider mite eggs can serve as poisoned prey. Overall, thrips consumed less treated soybean leaf tissue, and thrips on treated leaf discs had a lower percentage of herbivorous feeding events and consumed more nontreated spider mite eggs, indicating a dietary shift from herbivory to predation. The neonicotinoid status of spider mite eggs and prior exposure of thrips also caused shifts in the number and size of leaf scars, likely as a result of altered foraging behavior and/or movement. Shifts between herbivory and predation have implications for thrips damage, virus transmission, and pest management, especially in systems with mixtures of nontreated and neonicotinoid-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brenner
- Department of Entomology 7650, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Ajermoun N, Lahrich S, Bouarab L, Bakasse M, Saqrane S, El Mhammedi MA. Physiological effects of thiamethoxam on Zea mays and its electrochemical detection using a silver electrode. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2090-2098. [PMID: 31875957 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work is the detection and quantification of bioaccumulated thiamethoxam (THM) in Zea mays at a silver electrode using square-wave voltammetry. Thiamethoxam bioaccumulation and plant development were followed for 10 days from germination to seedling growth. Germination rate, accumulation rate, root length, and plant length were used as indicators. All experiments were carried out using several concentrations of THM (5.0 × 10-4 , 1.0 × 10-3 , 5.0 × 10-3 , 3.4 × 10-2 and 5.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 ). RESULTS The results confirm that Zea mays was sensitive to this insecticide and that germination and growth inhibition were dose dependent. The efficiency and utility of the proposed method were discussed. The current intensity increases linearly with an increase in the THM bioaccumulated in Zea mays. After 10 days,the recovery results of the extraction of THM from zea Mayes samples spiked with different concentrations were encouraging. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 9.58 × 10-6 mol L-1 (3*SD/B) and 3.13 × 10-5 mol L-1 (10*SD/B). The precision was 2.67% for eight repetitions in a solution of 3.5 × 10-4 mol L-1 THM. Histological tests were also performed to confirm the effect of THM on the plant and showed that exposure to THM induced a net histological modification in the primary root tissue of Zea mays. CONCLUSION The use of THM can affect the quality of the plant crop yield, and its accumulation in edible plants could pose a potential risk for human and animal health if the insecticide intake were to exceed the recommended tolerable limits. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourddine Ajermoun
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Sara Lahrich
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Bouarab
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mina Bakasse
- Organic Micropollutants Analysis Team, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Sana Saqrane
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Moulay Abderrahim El Mhammedi
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Khouribga, Morocco
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Erban T, Sopko B, Vaclavikova M, Tomesova D, Halesova T, Rezac M. Pesticide comparison of Phylloneta impressa (Araneae: Theridiidae) females, cocoons and webs with prey remnants collected from a rape field before the harvest. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:1128-1133. [PMID: 31583818 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides or plant protection products (PPPs) are risky for spiders in or near agricultural landscapes. However, the risks posed by pesticides to spiders are largely understudied compared with the risks to pollinators. Here, we investigated the distribution of PPPs in adult females, cocoons and webs with prey remnants of Phylloneta impressa. RESULTS Three sample types were collected from the tops of rapeseed on 18 July (before the harvest). Three different ultraperformance liquid chromatograph coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) analyses were performed: (i) pesticides and selected metabolites; (ii) quaternary ammonium pesticides (quats); and (iii) pyrethroids. Overall, 23 compounds, 22 pesticides and the metabolite imidacloprid-urea were detected. The array of pesticides was largest in webs with prey remnants, and according to evaluation via redundancy analysis (RDA), pesticides were similar in spiders and cocoons; however, data inspection revealed differences in pesticide distribution among these samples. Clothianidin was detected in only female spiders, whereas thiamethoxam prevailed in webs with remnants of prey, and acetamiprid, thiacloprid and imidacloprid were found in all three matrices. One of the most abundant compounds was chlormequat, indicating that quats should be considered a possible risk for these spiders. None of the pyrethroids were detected despite being applied in the sampling area, indicating rapid biodegradation. By contrast, some pesticides were detected despite not being applied in the field, indicating that the source of contamination is prey or particles carried by wind and attached to webs. CONCLUSION Overall, the results indicate the different distribution or behavior of several pesticides in the spider matrices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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