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Peng X, Wang N, Sun S, Geng L, Guo N, Liu A, Chen S, Ahammed GJ. Reactive oxygen species signaling is involved in melatonin-induced reduction of chlorothalonil residue in tomato leaves. J Hazard Mater 2023; 443:130212. [PMID: 36308936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide overuse has led to serious global concerns regarding food safety and environmental pollution. Although the reduction of pesticide residue is critical, our knowledge about induced pesticide metabolism in plants remains fragmentary. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an effective stress-relieving agent in both animals and plants, but little is known about the melatonin signaling mechanism and its effect on pesticide metabolism in plants. Here, we found that exogenous melatonin treatment significantly reduced chlorothalonil residue by 41 % but suppression of endogenous melatonin accumulation increased chlorothalonil residue in tomato leaves. Moreover, melatonin increased photosynthesis, Fv/Fm, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione pool, and RESPIRATORY BURST HOMOLOG1 (RBOH1) expression in tomato leaves. However, the upregulation of RBOH1, CYP724B2, GST1, GST2, GSH and ABC, the increased glutathione concentrations and the activity of detoxification enzymes due to melatonin treatment were all significantly attenuated by the treatment with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and a ROS scavenger, indicating a clear relationship between the reduction of pesticide residue and induction in detoxifying enzymes and genes upon melatonin treatment in an apoplastic H2O2-dependent manner. These results reveal that melatonin-induced reduction in chlorothalonil residue is mediated by H2O2 signaling in tomato leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Peng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Shuangsheng Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Lijiahong Geng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Ning Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Horticultural Crop safety and Disease Control, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Horticultural Crop safety and Disease Control, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
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Li KL, Chen WY, Zhang M, Luo XW, Liu Y, Zhang DY, Chen A. Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin for Chinese consumption of Chinese kale. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:417-424. [PMID: 34143904 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamethoxam is widely used to control pests in Chinese kale, popularly consumed leafy vegetables. The potential risk to the environment and human health has aroused much public concern. Therefore, it is important to investigate the degradation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale. RESULTS A sensitive analytical method for determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residue in Chinese kale was established and validated through a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The recoveries were 85.4-101.2% for thiamethoxam and 79.5-108.1% for clothianidin, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9-10.2% and 1.8-6.0%, respectively. For the dissipation kinetics, the data showed that thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was degraded with the half-lives of 4.1 to 4.5 days. In the terminal residue experiments, the residues of thiamethoxam were 0.017-0.357 mg kg-1 after application 2-3 times with a preharvest interval (PHI) of 7 days under the designed dosages. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessment risk quotient (RQ) values of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale for different Chinese consumers were 0.08-0.19% and 0.05-0.12%, respectively, and those of clothianidin were 0.01-0.04% and 0.02-0.04%, respectively, all of the RQ values were lower than 100%. CONCLUSION Thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was rapidly degraded following first-order kinetics models. The dietary risk of thiamethoxam and clothianidin through Chinese kale was negligible to consumers. The results from this study are important reference for Chinese governments to developing criteria for the safe and rational use of thiamethoxam, setting maximum residue levels (MRLs), monitoring the quality safety of agricultural products and protecting consumer health. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Long Li
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Wu-Ying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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Bai A, Chen A, Chen W, Liu S, Luo X, Liu Y, Zhang D. Residue behavior, transfer and risk assessment of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and its metabolites during tea growing and tea brewing. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5992-6000. [PMID: 33851415 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran are two representative pesticides used for pest control in tea gardens. Their application may bring about a potential risk to the health of consumers. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the residue behavior, transfer and risk assessment of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and metabolites from tea garden to teacup. RESULTS An effective analytical method was established and validated to simultaneously determine tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and its metabolites (DN and UF) in tea. The average recoveries of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran, DN and UF were in the range 72.1-106.3%, with relative standard deviations lower than 11.8%. On the basis of the proposed method, the dissipation of tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran in fresh tea leaves followed first-order kinetics models with half-lives of 4.30-7.33 days and 4.65-5.50 days, respectively. With application amounts of 112.5-168.75 g a.i. ha-1 once or twice, the terminal residues of tolfenpyrad and total dinotefuran in green tea were lower than 19.6 and 7.13 mg kg-1 , respectively, and below their corresponding maximum residue limits . The leaching rates of tolfenpyrad and total dinotefuran during the tea brewing were in the ranges 1.4-2.3% and 93.7-98.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION Tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran in tea were easily degraded. The RQc and RQa values for tolfenpyrad were 37.6% and 5.4%, which were much higher than for dinotefuran at 24.7% and 0.84%, respectively. The data indicated that there was no significant health risk in tea for consumers at the recommended dosages. The results provide scientific data regarding the reasonable use of tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran aiming to ensure safe tea consuption. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Bai
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Wuying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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Xu F, Du G, Xu D, Chen L, Zha X, Guo Z. Residual behavior and dietary intake risk assessment of flonicamid, dinotefuran and its metabolites on peach trees. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5842-5850. [PMID: 33788960 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flonicamid and dinotefuran are widely applied to control pests and diseases in various economic crops arousing much public concerns about the potential risk to human health. In this study, the multi-determination and residual behavior of flonicamid-dinotefuran mixture on peach trees were investigated. The chronic risk of long-term dietary intake for Chinese consumers was evaluated. RESULTS An optimized QuEChERS method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis for simultaneous determination of flonicamid, dinotefuran and its metabolites was established to analyze the residual dissipation and terminal residues in peach matrices. The results demonstrated that (i) a satisfactory linearity relationship with the detector response and the correlation coefficient R2 > 0.999, the average recoveries of these four analytes ranged from 94 to 108%, the relative standard deviation was between 1.0% and 8.8%, and the limit of the quantitation was 0.02 mg kg-1 ; (ii) the dissipation behaviors of flonicamid and dinotefuran followed with the first-order dynamic kinetics model, and the half-lives were 6.9-12.4 days and 8.1-15.1 days, respectively; (iii) the recommended preharvest interval (PHI) was 21 days, the risk quotient (RQ) values of flonicamid and dinotefuran were 16.6 and 20.7%, respectively, which were significantly less than 100%. CONCLUSION The established analytical method met the detection requirement in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Additionally, the results indicated that the potential dietary intake risk of the flonicamid-dinotefuran mixture on peach trees was negligible. This work can be utilized in the safe and responsible use of flonicamid-dinotefuran mixture and provide guidance for establishing its maximum residue limit (MRL) in China. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Gongming Du
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuyang Chen
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Zha
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Evertest Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
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Liu Z, Chen Y, Han J, Chen D, Yang G, Lan T, Li J, Zhang K. Determination, dissipation dynamics, terminal residues and dietary risk assessment of thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim in cowpeas collected from different locations in China under field conditions. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5498-5507. [PMID: 33682088 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim are broad-spectrum fungicides used on many crops. The residues of these chemicals could result in potential environmental and human health problems. Therefore, investigations of the dissipation and residue behaviors of thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim on cowpeas and associated dietary risk assessments are essential for the safety of agricultural products. RESULTS A simple analytical approach using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the determination of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim concentrations in cowpeas. Good linearity (R2 > 0.998) was obtained, and the recoveries and relative standard deviations were 80.0-104.7% and 1.4-5.2%, respectively. The dissipation rates of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and total carbendazim were high (half-lives of 1.61-2.46 days) and varied in the field cowpea samples because of the different weather conditions and planting patterns. Based on the definition of thiophanate-methyl, the terminal residues of total carbendazim in cowpea samples were below the maximum residue limits set by Japan for other legumes. The acute and chronic risk quotients of three analytes were 0.0-27.6% in cowpea samples gathered from all terminal residue treatments, which were below 100%. CONCLUSION An optimized approach for detecting thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim in cowpeas was applied for the investigation of field-trial samples. The potential acute and chronic dietary risks of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and total carbendazim to the health of Chinese consumers were low. These results could guide the safe and proper use of thiophanate-methyl in cowpeas and offer data for the dietary risk assessment of thiophanate-methyl in cowpeas. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiahua Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Lan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Yin P, Dai J, Guo G, Wang Z, Liu W, Liu X, Chen H. Residue pattern of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite in tea from cultivation to consumption. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4134-4141. [PMID: 33368359 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticide widely used to control tea geometrid (Ectropis oblique) and tea green leafhoppers (Empoasca pirisuga Matsumura) in tea trees. The major metabolite of CPF in water, plants, and animals is 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, which is more toxic than CPF. However, the dissipation pattern of CPF in tea is unknown. RESULTS An optimized QuEChERS sample preparation method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to determine the residues of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite in tea during tea planting and green tea processing. During tea planting, the sum of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite dissipated rapidly with a half-life of 1.93 days for tea shoots. The residues of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite in made green tea were 96.89 and 35.88 μg kg-1 on the seventh day. The values for processing factors of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite were all less than 1, showing that each green tea manufacturing step was responsible for the reduction. The transfer rates of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite from made green tea to its infusion were 0.68-4.62% and 62.93-71.79%, respectively. CONCLUSION The risk of chlorpyrifos was negligible to human health based on the hazard quotient, which was 7.4%. This study provides information relevant to the reasonable application of chlorpyrifos in tea planting and is potentially helpful for tea exporting and importing countries to establish harmonized maximum residue limits. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, College of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Dai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiyi Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, College of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, College of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, College of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Nanjundappa S, Nair SN, Udayan D, Kanapadinchareveetil S, Jacob M, Ravindran R, Juliet S. Disposition Kinetics of Amitraz in Lactating Does. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164769. [PMID: 34443355 PMCID: PMC8400832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amitraz, a member of the formamidine pesticide family, commonly used for ectoparasite control, is applied as a dip or low-pressure hand spray to cattle and swine, and the neck collar on dogs. Data on amitraz were generated mainly on laboratory animals, hens, dogs, and baboons. The data on the toxicity and disposition of amitraz in animals and its residues in the milk are inadequate. Therefore, the present study was intended to analyze the disposition kinetics of amitraz and its pattern of elimination in the milk of lactating does after a single dermal application at a concentration of 0.25%. Blood at predetermined time intervals and milk twice daily were collected for eight days post application. The drug concentration was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Amitraz was detected in whole blood as early as 0.5 h, which attained a peak concentration at 12 ± 5 h, followed by a steady decline; however, detection persisted until 168 h. Amitraz was present in the blood at its 50% Cmax even after 48 h, and was still detectable after 7 days. The disposition after a single dermal application was best described non-compartmentally. The mean terminal half-life (t1/2), mean residence time (MRT), and area under the curve (AUC0–t) were 111 ± 31 h, 168 ± 39 h, and 539 ± 211 µg/mL/h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution (Vdarea) was 92 ± 36 mL/g with an observed clearance (Cl) of 0.57 ± 0.33 mL/kg/h. Thus, the drug was well absorbed, widely distributed and slowly eliminated from the animal body. Amitraz achieved milk concentration approximating 0.2 per cent of the total dose after a single exposure and the steady-state elimination of amitraz in milk above the recommended maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg can act as a source of public health concern when applied on lactating animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Nanjundappa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Lakkidi, P.O., Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India; (S.N.); (S.N.N.); (D.U.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Suresh Narayanan Nair
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Lakkidi, P.O., Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India; (S.N.); (S.N.N.); (D.U.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Darsana Udayan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Lakkidi, P.O., Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India; (S.N.); (S.N.N.); (D.U.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Sreelekha Kanapadinchareveetil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Lakkidi, P.O., Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India; (S.N.); (S.N.N.); (D.U.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Mathew Jacob
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Lakkidi, P.O., Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India; (S.N.); (S.N.N.); (D.U.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Reghu Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Lakkidi, P.O., Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sanis Juliet
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Lakkidi, P.O., Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India; (S.N.); (S.N.N.); (D.U.); (S.K.); (M.J.); (S.J.)
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Noore S, Ramesh G, Vendan SE, Nagaraju VD. Persistence and diffusion behaviour of chlorpyrifos in five different species of vegetables: A comparative analysis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 217:112208. [PMID: 33930769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of pesticide persistence and diffusion on the fresh vegetables are extremely important in food safety and decontamination process. In this study, we examine the persistence and diffusion behaviour of chlorpyrifos pesticide in five different species of vegetables. The chlorpyrifos pesticide was spiked on the vegetable surfaces and the extracted samples from peel and tissues were subjected to Gas Chromatography equipped with a Flame Photometric Detector (GC-FPD). Further, the chlorpyrifos diffusion behaviour was compared with the osmotic potential, shear strength, cuticular chemical profile and microstructure of peel surface of vegetables. The persistence analysis results revealed that chlorpyrifos level was decreased in peel surface and diffusion rate was increased in inner tissue with respect to durations. Within 72 h exposure, chlorpyrifos reached 0.7 cm depth into the inner tissue of vegetables. Significant level of chlorpyrifos diffusion with P ≤ 0.05 was observed in beetroot (2.47%), khon khol (1.46%) and brinjal (0.92%) compared to cucumber and potato. Remarkably, there was no direct linkage between the chlorpyrifos diffusion rate, osmotic potential and toughness of vegetables. In addition, the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that epicuticular surface microstructure and chemical profiles were not correlated with the chlorpyrifos diffusion in all the tested vegetables. The study results concludes that chlorpyrifos diffusion is vegetable species specific and it is highly variable between the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaba Noore
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - G Ramesh
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - S Ezhil Vendan
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - V D Nagaraju
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
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Yang Y, Mao L, Guan W, Wei X, Shao Y, Luo Z, Lin X, Li L. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide activates detoxification enzymes to promote degradation of boscalid in cherry tomatoes. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:2210-2217. [PMID: 33006387 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boscalid is often used to extend the storage time of postharvest cherry tomato. Pesticide residue has become an issue of food safety. This study sought to investigate the spatial distribution of boscalid residue in cherry tomato fruits and to determine the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) in promoting boscalid degradation. RESULTS Boscalid could quickly penetrate into cherry tomatoes, but mainly remained in the peel. The migration of boscalid from the peel into the core was a time-consuming and complex process during storage. After 72 h, boscalid residues in the pulp and the core began to accumulate gradually. The exogenous application of EBR activated peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase, and effectively promoted the degradation of boscalid by a maximum decrease of 44.8% in peel, 54.0% in pulp and 71.2% in core. CONCLUSION As one of the common pesticides, boscalid had a strong ability to enter the cherry tomato and thus become a potential risk for public consumption. Therefore, rational use of pesticides is recommended. The results of this study indicate that the possible risk of boscalid residue could be alleviated by EBR pretreatment through activating detoxification enzymes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Science Laboratory, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, NO1, Qianhunan Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Weiliang Guan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yelin Shao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Ninga E, Sapozhnikova Y, Lehotay SJ, Lightfield AR, Monteiro SH. High-Throughput Mega-Method for the Analysis of Pesticides, Veterinary Drugs, and Environmental Contaminants by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Robotic Mini-Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup + Low-Pressure Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Part 2: Catfish. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1169-1174. [PMID: 32442377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and validate a new method for simultaneous determination of 106 veterinary drugs and 227 pesticides and their metabolites plus 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at and below their regulatory levels established for catfish muscle in the European Union and U.S.A. To do this, two different QuEChERS-based methods for veterinary drugs and pesticides and PCBs were modified and merged into a single mega-method dubbed "QuEChERSER" (more than QuEChERS), which is presented here for the first time. The mega-method was validated in catfish at four different spiking levels with 10 replicates per level. Sample extraction of 2 g test portions was made with 10 mL of 4:1 (v/v) acetonitrile/water, and then an aliquot was taken for ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis of 106 veterinary drugs and 125 pesticides, including metabolites. The remaining extract after salting out was subjected to automated mini-solid-phase extraction cleanup (Instrument Top Sample Preparation) for immediate injection in low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS). The cleanup was conducted in parallel with the 10 min LPGC-MS/MS analysis for 167 PCBs, pesticides, and metabolites, which was conducted in parallel with the 10 min UHPLC-MS/MS analysis for 231 analytes to increase sample throughput (49 analytes were included in both techniques). In MS/MS, three ion transitions were monitored for nearly all targeted analytes to provide unambiguous identification as well as quantification. Satisfactory recoveries (70-120%) and relative standard deviations of ≤20% were achieved for 98 (92%) of the veterinary drugs and their metabolites and for 222 (91%) of pesticides, metabolites, and PCBs, demonstrating that the developed method is applicable for the analysis of these contaminants in fish as part of regulatory monitoring programs and other purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederina Ninga
- Department of Toxicology and Residues Monitoring, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, 1001 Tirana, Albania
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Yelena Sapozhnikova
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Alan R Lightfield
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Sergio H Monteiro
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Environmental Protection Research Center, Biological Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
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11
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Wang J, Yang Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Huang Y, Qin WC, Wen Y, Zhao YH. Evaluation of modes of action of pesticides to Daphnia magna based on QSAR, excess toxicity and critical body residues. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 203:111046. [PMID: 32888614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides serve as effective controls of unwanted weeds and pests. However, these same chemicals can exert toxic effects in non-target organisms. To determine chemical modes of action, the toxicity ratio (TR) and critical body residues (CBRs) of 57 pesticides were calculated for Daphnia magna. Results showed that the CBR values of inert compounds were close to a constant while the CBR values of pesticides varied over a wider range. Although herbicides are categorized as specifically-acting compounds to plants, herbicides did not exhibit excess toxicity to Daphnia magna and were categorized as inert compounds with an average logTR = 0.41, which was less than a threshold of one. Conversely, fungicides and insecticides exhibited strong potential for toxic effects to Daphnia magna with an average logTR >2. Many of these chemicals act via disruption of the nervous, respiratory, or reproductive system, with high ligand-receptor binding activity which leads to higher toxicity for Daphnia magna. Molecular docking using acetylcholinesterase revealed that fungicides and insecticides bind more easily with the biological macromolecule when compared with inert compounds. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed that the toxicity of fungicides was mainly dependent upon the heat of formation and polar surface area, while the toxicity of insecticides was more related to hydrogen-bond properties. This comprehensive analysis reveals that there are specific differences in toxic mechanisms between fungicides and insecticides. These results are useful for determining relative risk associated with pesticide exposure to aquatic crustaceans, such as Daphnia magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Wei C Qin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Yang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, 136000, PR China.
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China.
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12
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Vargas-Pérez M, Egea González FJ, Garrido Frenich A. Dissipation and residue determination of fluopyram and its metabolites in greenhouse crops. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4826-4833. [PMID: 32500528 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluopyram is a pesticide widely used in tomato and cucumber crops cultivation to control fungal diseases that develop especially in environments with moderate temperatures and high humidity, such as in a greenhouse. The pathway of fluopyram dissipation has been monitored in cucumber and cherry tomato under greenhouse conditions. RESULTS In the greenhouse trials, cherry tomato and cucumber were treated by irrigation water with the commercial product at the manufacturer's recommended dose and double dose. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has been selected as the technique to obtain the identification of fluopyram and metabolites. The fate of fluopyram in greenhouse tomato and cucumber was investigated over 44 days. The metabolic pathway of fluopyram was: in a first step there was a primary transformation to fluopyram-7-hydroxy and fluopyram-8-hydroxy, isomeric compounds, and in a second phase to fluopyram-benzamide and fluopyram-pyridyl-carboxylic acid. The behavior of fluopyram does not fit any type of kinetic classical model of degradation. CONCLUSIONS Greenhouse trials revealed that the fluopyram is a very persistent compound, and their terminal residues do not exceed maximum residue level (MRL) at the end of the study. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vargas-Pérez
- Research Group 'Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Egea González
- Research Group 'Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group 'Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Almeria, Spain
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13
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Sarker A, Lee SH, Kwak SY, Nam AJ, Kim HJ, Kim JE. Residue Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Cyazofamid and Its Metabolite in Korean Cabbage Under Greenhouse Conditions. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 105:595-601. [PMID: 32862252 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The residual characteristics and risk assessment with respect to cyazofamid and its metabolite 4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile were monitored in case of Korean cabbage at different preharvest intervals during a greenhouse trial. The 0.02 kg a.i/ha of cyazofamid was sprayed twice on seven-day intervals (i.e., on day 0, 7, 14, and 21 before harvest). The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was used to monitor the residual amount of fungicide. The matrix-matched calibration curves with respect to the cyazofamid in Korean cabbage exhibited good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999) and acceptable recoveries of 84.1%-114.9%. The biological half-life of cyazofamid in Korean cabbage was 3.18 days. During the treatment, the preharvest residue of cyazofamid in Korean cabbage 14 days before harvest (0.80 mg/kg) was lower than that specified by the MFDS-MRL (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety-Maximum Residue Limit, 2.0 mg/kg) and should be recommended as the safe preharvest-interval application limit. The hazard quotient showed low toxicity (70.58%) during the risk assessment study of cyazofamid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Sarker
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh (EBAUB), Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
| | - Sang-Hyeob Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Kwak
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Ae-Ji Nam
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
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14
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Craggs M, Gibson GR, Whalley P, Collins CD. Bioaccessibility of Difenoconazole in Rice Following Industry Standard Processing and Preparation Procedures. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:10167-10173. [PMID: 32786844 PMCID: PMC7499419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For pesticide registration a post application assessment is made on the safety of any residue remaining in the edible portion of the treated crop. This assessment does not typically consider the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues. The effects of this on potential exposure to incurred difenoconazole residues passing through the human gastrointestinal tract were studied, including the impact of commodity processing. It has previously been demonstrated that solvent extraction methods have the potential to overestimate the bioaccessible fraction, so in vitro simulated gut systems may offer a better approach to determine residue bioaccessibility to refine the risk assessment process. The bioaccessibility of difenoconazole residues associated with processed rice samples was assessed using in vitro intestinal extraction and colonic fermentation methods. The mean bioaccessibility following intestinal digestion was 33.3% with a range from 13% to 70.6%. Quantification of the colonic bioaccessible fraction was not possible due to compound metabolism. Mechanical processing methods generally increased the residue bioaccessibility, while chemical methods resulted in a decrease. Both mechanical and chemical processing methods reduced the total difenoconazole residue level by ca. 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Craggs
- Product Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta International AG, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - G R Gibson
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - P Whalley
- Product Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta International AG, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - C D Collins
- Department of Soil Science, School of Human & Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DW, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhao L, Li Y, Ren W, Huang Y, Wang X, Fu Z, Ma W, Teng Y, Luo Y. Pesticide residues in soils planted with Panax notoginseng in south China, and their relationships in Panax notoginseng and soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110783. [PMID: 32534333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 73 samples from soils planted with Panax notoginseng and six P. notoginseng samples were collected in Yunnan Province to investigate the residual levels of six pesticides and their relationships with P. notoginseng and soil. All six pesticides were detected in the soils planted with P. notoginseng located in three regions of Shilin, Kaiyuan, and Yanshan. The detection frequencies of the pesticides in the soils followed the order: quintozene (100%) > iprodione (96%) > procymidone (69%) > chlorothalonil (51%) > pyrimethanil (49%) > pyraclostrobin (29%). The median concentrations of iprodione, pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil, quintozene, procymidone, and chlorothalonil were 46.40, 6.4, 3.1, 2.86, 2.69, and 0.24 μg/kg, respectively. The mean concentrations of pesticides in the three regions followed the order: Kaiyuan > Shilin > Yanshan, except for iprodione. Furthermore, the concentrations of pesticide residues in soils in each region followed the order: soils never planted with P. notoginseng < soils previously planted with P. notoginseng < soils currently planted with P. notoginseng. The concentration of chlorothalonil in P. notoginseng followed the order: root > stem > leaf, whereas those of the other five pesticides followed the opposite order: root < stem < leaf. There were significant positive correlations between the mean concentrations of pesticides in P. notoginseng and those in the corresponding soils. These results indicate that the rational application of pesticides in P. notoginseng cultivation would be effective for reducing the accumulation of pesticides in P. notoginseng to protect people from the harmful effects of residual pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaomi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhaocong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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16
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Wang W, Wan Q, Li Y, Ge J, Feng F, Yu X. Application of an Endophyte Enterobacter sp. TMX13 to Reduce Thiamethoxam Residues and Stress in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica chinensis L). J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:9180-9187. [PMID: 32806115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A strain of thiamethoxam-degrading endophyte, named TMX13, was isolated from roots of mulberry (Morus alba L.) and was identified as Enterobacter sp. Inoculating Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L) with strain TMX13-gfp (gfp-labeled TMX13) could significantly reduce thiamethoxam residues in the aboveground part (edible portion) of the vegetable. The theoretical daily intake (TDI) of thiamethoxam via consumption of TMX13-gfp inoculated Chinese cabbage was 0.17 μg/kg body weight per day, far less than the prescribed acceptable daily intake (ADI) for this pesticide. TMX13-gfp colonization could increase the leaf chlorophyll content and plant biomass and promote the development of plant roots. Compared with the uninoculated treatment, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves of the TMX13-gfp inoculated plants decreased by 18.4%-60.2%, suggesting that TMX13-gfp colonization could alleviate the oxidative stress induced by thiamethoxam exposure. The total amounts of organic acids and amino acids in root exudates from the TMX13-gfp inoculated Chinese cabbage decreased by 9.2% and 85.2%, respectively. Results of this study lead to the conclusion that the isolated endophyte Enterobacter sp. TMX13 could reduce thiamethoxam residues in edible vegetables, promote plant growth, and alleviate the phytotoxic effects induced by thiamethoxam exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fayun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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Chen ZJ, Liu XX, Xiao ZL, Fu HJ, Huang YP, Huang SY, Shen YD, He F, Yang XX, Hammock B, Xu ZL. Production of a specific monoclonal antibody for 1-naphthol based on novel hapten strategy and development of an easy-to-use ELISA in urine samples. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 196:110533. [PMID: 32247241 PMCID: PMC7200204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
1-naphthol (1-NAP) is the main metabolite of pesticide carbaryl and naphthalene, and is also a genotoxic and carcinogenic intermediate in the synthesis of organic compound, dyes, pigment and pharmaceutical industry. In this work, two novel haptens were designed and synthesized for developing a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) method for 1-NAP in urine samples. The assay showed a limit of detection of 2.21 ng/mL and working range from 4.02 ng/mL to 31.25 ng/mL for 1-NAP in optimized working buffer. The matrix effect of samples was eliminated via 15-fold dilution of optimized working buffer. Good average recoveries (102.4%-123.4%) with a coefficient of variation from 11.7% to 14.7% was obtained for spiked urine samples. Subsequent instrument verification test showed good correlation between the results of ciELISA and high-performance liquid chromatography. The developed ciELISA is a high-throughput tool to monitor 1-NAP in urine, which can provide technical support for the establishment of biological exposure level for the exposure to carbaryl, naphthalene and other related pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food (1)uality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xi-Xia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food (1)uality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Hui-Jun Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food (1)uality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food (1)uality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food (1)uality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food (1)uality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Fan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food (1)uality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xing-Xing Yang
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518102, China.
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food (1)uality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Jia K, Cheng B, Huang L, Xiao J, Bai Z, Liao X, Cao Z, Shen T, Zhang C, Hu C, Lu H. Thiophanate-methyl induces severe hepatotoxicity in zebrafish. Chemosphere 2020; 248:125941. [PMID: 32004883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiophanate-methyl (TM) is widely used all over the world and is a typical example of pesticide residues, which can be detected in the soil, and even in vegetables and fruits. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxicity of TM are not well understood. In this study, we utilized zebrafish to comprehensively evaluate the hepatotoxicity of TM and explore how the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity are induced. The zebrafish larvae were exposed in 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/L TM from 72 to 144 hpf, while the adults were exposed in 2, 4 and 6 mg/L TM for 28 days. Here, we found that 12.5 and 25 mg/L TM induces specifically serious hepatotoxicity but not the toxicity of other organs in zebrafish larvae and adults. Moreover, it might triggered hepatotoxicity by activating the caspase-3 through apoptotic pathways and oxidative stress in zebrafish. Subsequently, this resulted in a metabolic imbalance in the zebrafish's liver. In conclusion, our results disclosed the fact that TM may induce severe hepatotoxicity by mediating activation of caspase-3 and oxidative stress in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jia
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lirong Huang
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhonghui Bai
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianzhu Shen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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19
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Chen S, Yan Y, Wang Y, Wu M, Mao Q, Chen Y, Ren J, Liu A, Lin X, Ahammed GJ. Trichoderma asperellum reduces phoxim residue in roots by promoting plant detoxification potential in Solanum lycopersicum L. Environ Pollut 2020; 259:113893. [PMID: 31918147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phoxim, a broad-spectrum organophosphate pesticide, is widely used in agriculture to control insect pests in vegetable crops as well as in farm mammals. However, the indiscriminate use of phoxim has increased its release into the environment, leading to the contamination of plant-based foods such as vegetables. In this study, we investigated the effect of Trichoderma asperellum (TM, an opportunistic fungus) on phoxim residue in tomato roots and explored the mechanisms of phoxim metabolism through analysis of detoxification enzymes and gene expression. Degradation kinetics of phoxim showed that TM inoculation rapidly and significantly reduced phoxim residues in tomato roots. Phoxim concentrations at 5d, 10d and 15d post treatment were 75.12, 65.71 and 77.45% lower in TM + phoxim than only phoxim treatment, respectively. The TM inoculation significantly increased the glutathione (GSH) content, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the transcript levels of GSH, GST1, GST2 and GST3 in phoxim-treated roots. In addition, the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol peroxidase involved in the xenobiotic conversion also increased in TM + phoxim treatment. The expression of detoxification genes, such as CYP724B2, GR, ABC2 and GPX increased by 3.82, 3.08, 7.89 and 2.46 fold, respectively in TM + phoxim compared with only phoxim. Similarly, the content of ascorbate (AsA) and the ratio of AsA to dehydroascorbate increased by 45.16% and 57.34%, respectively in TM + phoxim-treated roots. Our results suggest that TM stimulates plant detoxification potential in all three phases (conversion, conjugation and sequestration) of xenobiotc metabolism, leading to a reduced phoxim residue in tomato roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchen Chen
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Yaru Yan
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Qi Mao
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Lin
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
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20
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Cortes-Hernandez P, Vázquez Nuñez R, Domínguez-Ramírez L. Docking and Molecular Dynamics Predictions of Pesticide Binding to the Calyx of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061988. [PMID: 32183317 PMCID: PMC7139891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are used extensively in agriculture, and their residues in food must be monitored to prevent toxicity. The most abundant protein in cow’s milk, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), shows high affinity for diverse hydrophobic ligands in its central binding pocket, called the calyx. Several of the most frequently used pesticides are hydrophobic. To predict if BLG may be an unintended carrier for pesticides, we tested its ability to bind 555 pesticides and their isomers, for a total of 889 compounds, in a rigid docking screen. We focused on the analysis of 60 unique molecules belonging to the five pesticide classes defined by the World Health Organization, that docked into BLG’s calyx with ΔGs ranging from −8.2 to −12 kcal mol−1, chosen by statistical criteria. These “potential ligands” were further analyzed using molecular dynamic simulations, and the binding energies were explored with Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born/Surface Area (MMGBSA). Hydrophobic pyrethroid insecticides, like cypermethrin, were found to bind as deeply and tightly into the calyx as BLG’s natural ligand, palmitate; while polar compounds, like paraquat, were expelled. Our results suggest that BLG could be a carrier for pesticides, in particular for pyrethroid insecticides, allowing for their accumulation in cow’s milk beyond their solubility restrictions. This analysis opens possibilities for pesticide biosensor design based on BLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cortes-Hernandez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Cellular Biology Laboratory, 74360 Metepec, Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Vázquez Nuñez
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Lenin Domínguez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir Cholula, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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21
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El Megid AA, Abd Al Fatah ME, El Asely A, El Senosi Y, Moustafa MMA, Dawood MAO. Impact of pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides residue on IGF-1 and CYP1A genes expression and muscle protein patterns of cultured Mugil capito. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109876. [PMID: 31704319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the levels of pyrethroids and organochlorine residues in the tissues of cultured Mugil capito and in water samples obtained from three different sites (Al-Hamol, Al-Riad and Sidi Salem; referred to as Area 1, Area 2, and Area 3, respectively) in the Delta region, Egypt. The study also assessed the biochemical markers in exposed mullet and evaluated the impact of these residues on the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in muscle and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in liver tissues using qRT-PCR and SDS-PAGE methods. The results revealed that pesticide residue levels in the water were variable, but were lower than detected levels in fish. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were found across the three study areas in terms of serum ALT, but the serum AST level was not significantly (P > 0.05) elevated in all study regions. Serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in area 3. Furthermore, glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations significantly increased (P < 0.05) in liver tissues in area 3. Using the qRT-PCR technique, the results revealed that the expression level of IGF-1 was most significant in area 3, while the expression level of CYP1A was most significant in area 1. The protein profile showed some differences in band numbers and molecular weights of protein bands across different regions. Overall, the alteration in biochemical parameters revealed pesticide interference with the metabolic processes of fish. Furthermore, the pesticide pollution had an effect on the expression of IGF-1 and CYP1A genes and led to changes in the protein profile. Therefore, these markers can be used to monitor fish distress following exposure to the pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Abd El Megid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | | | - Amel El Asely
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Yakout El Senosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M A Moustafa
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelshiekh University, Kaferelshiekh, Egypt.
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22
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Wang W, Teng P, Liu F, Fan T, Peng Q, Wang Z, Hou T. Residue Analysis and Risk Assessment of Oxathiapiprolin and Its Metabolites in Cucumbers under Field Conditions. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12904-12910. [PMID: 31657925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and selective method was established for the detection of oxathiapiprolin and the metabolite IN-E8S72, as well as its glucose conjugate IN-SXS67 in cucumber using modified QuEChERS procedure combined with HPLC-MS/MS. The LOQs for all compounds were 0.02 mg kg-1, and the average recoveries were 77.4-111.3% with RSDs of 1.0-8.5%. Under the optimized conditions, the established method was successfully used to determine field samples in dissipation and terminal residue studies. The dissipation study results showed that oxathiapiprolin dissipated rapidly in cucumber with half-lives of 2.4-4.0 days. On the basis of the terminal residue results, the risk assessment was conducted, and both the international estimated daily intake (IEDI) or national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of oxathiapiprolin were much less than 100% which indicate a low health risk to consumers. This work provides guidance for establishing MRL of oxathiapiprolin in China and is of great significance for evaluating its dietary risk in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Teng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Microorganisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 102206 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Microorganisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 102206 , People's Republic of China
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Xiao JJ, Fu YY, Ye Z, Liu YY, Shi YH, Liao M, Cao HQ. Analysis of the pesticide behavior in Chaenomelis speciosa and the role of digestive enzyme in vitro oral bioaccessibility. Chemosphere 2019; 231:538-545. [PMID: 31151014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Problems with pesticide residues in medicinal and edible plant have received great attention. The dietary exposure risk induced by presence of pesticide residues depends on its release from the food matrix, i.e., its bioaccessibility. The bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in human food is poorly understood and thus, we used in vitro digestive method to measure the bioaccessibility of six pesticides in Chaenomelis speciosa. Results showed that the lower and upper boundary bioaccessibility values of the six pesticides in C. speciosa was 4.26 and 86.52%, and the bioaccessibility varied for the pesticide types and digestion phase. The α-amylase and pancreatin play an important role in vitro bioaccessibility. Our findings suggest that risk assessment studies should be taken into account the pesticide metabolism, and that previous studies may have underestimated pesticide bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yun-Yao Fu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Zhuang Ye
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan-Hong Shi
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Province, China.
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24
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Li J, Jiang Y, Li D. Determination of imidacloprid and its relevant metabolites in tomato using modified QuEChERS combined with ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography/Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5211-5218. [PMID: 31038219 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red tomato processing is one of the leading industries in Xinjiang, but also the largest export industry. In the process of tomato planting, imidacloprid (IMI) is often used to kill aphids, which poses the risk of pesticide residue. However, as daily consumables, pesticide residue on tomatoes may cause a potential threat to human health. Therefore the aims of this research were to study the residue dynamics of IMI pesticides in tomatoes by monitoring field experiments and to investigate the fate of IMI and its metabolites under Xinjiang field conditions. RESULTS In the field trials, three different doses of IMI were sprayed on tomato during the fruit setting stage. Degradation of IMI and residue behaviors of its metabolites at different stages were systemically traced and evaluated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS). An accurate mass tool was used as the main method to identify the IMI metabolites. The improved method showed high efficiency in detecting IMI and 6-chlorinated nicotinic acid (6-CNA), being able to determine hazardous pesticides at trace levels. The fate of IMI in field tomato was investigated over 28 days. The metabolic mechanism of IMI in tomato is: OH products in the early stage and carbonyl products in the late stage. CONCLUSION Under natural conditions, pesticides in tomatoes will gradually decrease with time. In this process, olefin IMI is produced, but it is almost completely metabolized after 28 days. Therefore even 10 times the recommended dose of IMI pesticide will not endanger human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Deqiang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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25
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Rodríguez-Ortega PG, Casas R, Marchal-Ingrain A, Gilbert-López B. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Ubiquitous Transformation Product (BTS 40348) of Fungicide Prochloraz. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:8641-8648. [PMID: 31322878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prochloraz is a widely used imidazole fungicide that has to be analyzed together with its metabolites or transformation products for food safety monitoring purposes in the European Union. Although the focus in food of plant origin has been set on metabolites BTS 44595 and BTS 44596, we consider relevant the study of BTS 40348 metabolite, too, because it has been detected in both raw and processed foods based on citrus fruits in the EU. Metabolite BTS 40348 should be monitored in surface water due to its ecotoxicological effects. In this work, the synthesis and structural characterization of BTS 40348 metabolite of fungicide prochloraz is presented, because the structure is closely related to the chemistry and biological activity of the substance. Characterization using 13C and 1H NMR, infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy is detailed, together with confirmation by electrospray mass spectrometry analysis.
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Chen H, Li W, Guo L, Weng H, Wei Y, Guo Q. Residue, dissipation, and safety evaluation of etoxazole and pyridaben in Goji berry under open-field conditions in the China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:517. [PMID: 31352622 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation and residual levels of etoxazole and pyridaben in Goji berry under open field conditions were determined by using GC-NPD (gas chromatography with nitrogen and phosphorus detector) with modified QuEChERS method. At fortification levels of 0.01, 1, and 5 mg/kg in Goji berry, it was shown that recoveries were ranged from 80.40 to 100.9% with relative standard deviation of the method (RSD) for repeatability ranged from 2.20 to 4.25%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.01 mg/kg. The dissipation rates of etoxazole and pyridaben were described by using first-order kinetics and its half-life, as they are 7.13 days, 5.77 days, and 5.99 days (etoxazole) and 1.02 day, 0.67 day, 1.02 day (pyridaben). The terminal residues of etoxazole and pyridaben were below the European maximum residue limit (MRL, 0.1 mg/kg) in Goji berry when measured 7 days after the final application, which suggested that the use of these insecticides was safe for humans. This study would help in providing the basic information for developing regulation to guard a safe use of etoxazole and pyridaben in Goji berry and prevent health problem from consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Guo
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Weng
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhai Wei
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China.
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Schusterova D, Suchanova M, Pulkrabova J, Kocourek V, Urban J, Hajslova J. Can Occurrence of Pesticide Metabolites Detected in Crops Provide the Evidence on Illegal Practices in Organic Farming? J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6102-6115. [PMID: 31083989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern pesticides rapidly degrade after their application due to both physicochemical factors and through biotransformation. Consequently, pesticide residues in samples might be either undetectable or detected at low concentrations (≤10 μg/kg). Under such conditions, a monitoring of pesticide metabolites in samples might be a conceivable solution enabling the documentation of earlier pesticide use. Analysis of metabolites might pose analytical challenges because pesticide degradation leads to the production of a number of metabolites, differing somewhat in their structure and polarity. This study was focused on the determination of pesticide residues and their metabolites in samples of grapevine and wine using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, with the objective of supporting the possibility of the verification of the method of farming. It documents the identification of pesticide metabolites commonly used in conventional farming and provides a characterization of pesticide degradation during grapevine growth, maturation, and during the wine-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schusterova
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition , Technicka 3 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Marie Suchanova
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition , Technicka 3 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition , Technicka 3 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kocourek
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition , Technicka 3 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Urban
- Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture , Hroznova 65/2 , 656 06 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition , Technicka 3 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
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Zhang R, Wu W, Zhang Z, Lv S, Xing B, McClements DJ. Impact of Food Emulsions on the Bioaccessibility of Hydrophobic Pesticide Residues in Co-Ingested Natural Products: Influence of Emulsifier and Dietary Fiber Type. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6032-6040. [PMID: 31083996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the typical Western diet, fruits and vegetables are often consumed with food products that exist as oil-in-water emulsions, such as creams, dressings, and sauces. Studies have shown that coingestion of fruits and vegetables with emulsions can increase the bioavailability of beneficial lipophilic bioactive agents, such as nutraceuticals or vitamins. Agricultural produce, however, may also be contaminated with low levels of detrimental lipophilic agents, such as hydrophobic pesticides. We therefore examined the impact of coingesting a common agricultural product (tomatoes) with model food emulsions on the bioaccessibility of a hydrophobic pesticide (chlorpyrifos). The impact of emulsifier types (phospholipids, whey protein, Tween 80) and dietary fiber types (xanthan, chitosan, β-glucan) on the bioaccessibility of the pesticide was measured using a simulated gastrointestinal model. Chlorpyrifos bioaccessibility depended on the type of emulsifier used to formulate the emulsions: phospholipids > Tween 80 > whey protein. Dietary fiber type also influenced pesticide bioaccessibility by an amount that depended on the nature of the emulsifier used. Overall, our results suggest that the bioaccessibility of undesirable pesticides on fruits and vegetables will depend on the nature of the emulsions they are consumed with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojie Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , 150040 , People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - David Julian McClements
- Laboratory for Environmental Health NanoScience, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University 665 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Zhang Z, Xu C, Ding J, Zhao Y, Lin J, Liu F, Mu W. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment efficiency against Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and residue concentrations in corn plants and soil. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:1464-1472. [PMID: 30450808 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon is the most destructive early season insect pest of corn. In this study, the control efficiency of cyantraniliprole seed treatment against A. ipsilon was evaluated, and the residual concentrations of cyantraniliprole and its metabolite J9Z38 in the stalks of corn seedlings and soil were investigated. RESULTS Plant pot experiments showed that A. ipsilon larval mortality was greater than 92% and that the percentage of corn seedlings damaged by A. ipsilon was less than 24% when corn seeds were treated with cyantraniliprole at 2 and 4 g AI kg-1 seed. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment at a dosage of 2 g AI kg-1 seed significantly reduced A. ipsilon infestation compared to chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin seed treatments in corn fields. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment resulted in more persistent control efficiency of A. ipsilon in spring than in summer. Cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 residues in corn stalks and soil degraded more slowly in the spring than in the summer. CONCLUSION Cyantraniliprole used as a seed treatment can protect corn plants from A. ipsilon infestations throughout the seedling stage. The high biological activity of cyantraniliprole was consistent with the residue levels of cyantraniliprole in the corn stalks and soil. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection and College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- College of Plant Protection and College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinfeng Ding
- College of Plant Protection and College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- College of Plant Protection and College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jin Lin
- College of Plant Protection and College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection and College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Mu
- College of Plant Protection and College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Su XN, Zhang JJ, Liu JT, Zhang N, Ma LY, Lu FF, Chen ZJ, Shi Z, Si WJ, Liu C, Yang H. Biodegrading Two Pesticide Residues in Paddy Plants and the Environment by a Genetically Engineered Approach. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:4947-4957. [PMID: 30994343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating pesticide (and herbicide) residues in soils have become a serious environmental problem. This study focused on identifying the removal of two widely used pesticides, isoproturon (IPU) and acetochlor (ACT), by a genetically developed paddy (or rice) plant overexpressing an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase (IRGT1). IRGT1 conferred plant resistance to isoproturon-acetochlor, which was manifested by attenuated cellular injury and alleviated toxicity of rice under isoproturon-acetochlor stress. A short-term study showed that IRGT1-transformed lines removed 33.3-48.3% of isoproturon and 39.8-53.5% of acetochlor from the growth medium, with only 59.5-72.1 and 58.9-70.4% of the isoproturon and acetochlor remaining in the plants compared with the levels in untransformed rice. This phenotype was confirmed by IRGT1-expression in yeast ( Pichia pastoris) which grew better and contained less isoproturon-acetochlor than the control cells. A long-term study showed that isoproturon-acetochlor concentrations at all developmental stages were significantly lower in the transformed rice, which contain only 59.3-69.2% (isoproturon) and 51.7-57.4% (acetochlor) of the levels in wild type. In contrast, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis revealed that more isoproturon-acetochlor metabolites were detected in the transformed rice. Sixteen metabolites of isoproturon and 19 metabolites of acetochlor were characterized in rice for Phase I reactions, and 9 isoproturon and 13 acetochlor conjugates were characterized for Phase II reactions in rice; of these, 7 isoproturon and 6 acetochlor metabolites and conjugates were reported in plants for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ning Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Jing Jing Zhang
- College of Plant Protection , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Jin Tong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Li Ya Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Feng Fan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Zhao Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Zhan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Wen Jing Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
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Hu W, Kuang F, Chun J, Lu Z, Li X, Zhao Q, Zhong B, Su H, Zhang Z, Zhang N. Uptake of soil-applied thiamethoxam in orange and its effect against Asian citrus psyllid in different seasons. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:1339-1345. [PMID: 30367747 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is an important pest of citrus worldwide because it transmits the bacteria causing huanglongbing (HLB). We investigated the effects and persistence of two soil application rates of thiamethoxam on ACP populations in two flushing seasons in the field. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin residues in the fruit were detected to evaluate food safety. RESULTS Soil application of 50% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules at concentrations of 4 and 10 g tree-1 significantly decreased ACP populations, and there was a positive correlation between control efficacy and the persistence of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in leaves, providing longer-term protection for up to 90 days in the fall compared with 60 days in the spring. Higher thiamethoxam and clothianidin amounts were observed in new leaves than in old leaves. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin residues at a high rate in fruit were 0.012 and 0.010 mg kg-1 at harvest, respectively, and neither insecticides was detectable at low rates. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that soil-applied thiamethoxam plays a role in defending ACP, and provides an extended period of control efficacy. This knowledge could provide a reference for the control of ACP by soil application of thiamethoxam to reduce HLB spread. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fan Kuang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiong Chun
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xingtao Li
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- CAAS, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Balian Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huanan Su
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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Coslor CC, Vandervoort C, Wise JC. Insecticide dose and seasonal timing of trunk injection in apples influence efficacy and residues in nectar and plant parts. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:1453-1463. [PMID: 30450658 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trunk injection is an established method for delivering pesticides in ornamental and shade trees, but further research is needed to determine efficacy and pollinator safety in tree fruit crops. Apple trees were injected in 2013 and 2014 with the insecticides emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, or abamectin. Additional emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid injections were performed in the spring and fall of 2015. Nectar and pollen were sampled in the following spring to compare the effects of application timings on insecticide loading into flowers. RESULTS Neonicotinoids reduced Empoasca fabae density in the field. Emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, and abamectin resulted in moderate to high mortality and reduced Choristoneura rosaceana feeding in bioassays. Imidacloprid was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected in the spring, and was detected at 0.39 ng g-1 in pollen when injected the previous fall. Emamectin benzoate was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected the previous fall, and was detected at 7.36 ng g-1 (nectar) and 1.15 ng g-1 (pollen) when injected in the spring. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a broader list of possible trunk-injectable pesticides for apple trees. This study also shows that managing the seasonal timing of injection can reduce the risk of insecticide exposure to pollinators. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Coslor
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - John C Wise
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Cleveland CB, Fleming CR, Johnston JE, Klemens AS, Young BM. Benchmarking the Current Codex Alimentarius International Estimated Short-Term Intake Equations and the Proposed New Equations. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:3432-3447. [PMID: 30869887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The International Estimated Short-Term Intake IESTI equations are used during the establishment of Codex Maximum Residue Limits. A recent proposal to revise the equations sparked international debate regarding selection of residue inputs and the appropriate level of consumer protection. The 49th Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues meeting recommended benchmarking the IESTI equations against distributions of actual exposures. Using publicly available data and models, this work compares dietary exposures for strawberries, tomatoes, and apples at five levels of refinement to place these equations into context relative to real-world exposures. Case studies were based on availability of robust USDA PDP monitoring data, which is uniquely suited to refine dietary exposures for a population. Benchmarking dietary exposure involves several decision points. Alternate methodology choices are not expected to impact the large margins observed between the probabilistic estimates and the IESTI equations or to change the overall conclusion that existing IESTI equations are conservative and health-protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl B Cleveland
- BASF Agricultural Solutions , 26 Davis Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Carrie R Fleming
- Corteva Agriscience, the Agriculture Division of DowDuPont , 9330 Zionsville Road , Indianapolis , Indiana 46268 , United States
| | - Jason E Johnston
- Bergeson & Campbell, P.C. , 2200 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest Suite 100W , Washington, DC 20037-1701 , United States
| | - Angela S Klemens
- FMC Agricultural Solutions, Stine Research Center , 1090 Elkton Road , Newark , Delaware 19711 , United States
| | - Bruce M Young
- Bayer Crop Science , 2400 Ellis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
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Li Y, Hu J, Qian M, Wang Q, Zhang H. Degradation of triadimefon and residue levels of metabolite triadimenol: tracing rapeseed from harvesting and storage to household oil processing. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:1484-1491. [PMID: 30126020 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triadimefon is a fungicide used in agriculture to control fungal diseases such as sclerotinia sclerotiorum. RESULTS In field trials, rape plants were sprayed with triadimefon at three different dosages during the flowering period. The degradation of triadimefon and the residue levels of its metabolite, triadimenol, in rapeseed obtained from harvesting, storage, and household oil processing were traced and evaluated. The pesticides were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) at each processing step. Triadimefon degraded completely and only its metabolite, triadimenol, was detected in rapeseed after harvesting. The stability of triadimenol in rapeseed was studied at weekly storage intervals, from 0 to 7 weeks at ambient temperature (25 °C) and freezing temperature (-20 °C), respectively. Storage temperature had an important influence on the residue levels of triadimenol. The processing factor (PF) was defined as the ratio of pesticide residue levels in rapeseed to rapeseed oil levels during household oil processing. The average PF of triadimenol was about 0.96 for a hot pressing technique and 0.88 for a cold pressing technique. CONCLUSION Different storage conditions and food processing could reduce the pesticide level to a greater or lesser extent. However, it is not easy to eliminate or significantly weaken triadimenol once triadimefon has degraded completely. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Li
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Xu HJ, Bai J, Li WY, Zhao LX, Li YT. Removal of persistent DDT residues from soils by earthworms: A mechanistic study. J Hazard Mater 2019; 365:622-631. [PMID: 30472447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have been reported to enhance DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) removal from soils, but the mechanism underlying is still poorly understood. This study therefore worked on the links between DDT transformation in drilosphere and non-drilosphere matrices and the properties of these matrices in sterile and non-sterile soil columns with and without earthworms to reveal related mechanisms. The results show that earthworms shortened the half-time of DDT in soils from over 14 weeks to about 8 weeks; DDT residues were lower (p < 0.05) and its transformation products were higher (p < 0.05) in drilosphere matrixes than those in their non-drilosphere counterparts; DDD and DDMU was higher (p < 0.05) in the gut, and DDE was higher (p < 0.05) in the burrow; and the bioaccumulation of DDT in earthworm tissues only contributed less than 0.03% to the DDT removal enhanced by earthworms. The results further demonstrate that drilosphere is the hotspot of soil DDT transformation with oxidative degradation dominant in the burrow and reductive dechlorination in the gut, and earthworms enhanced DDT removal mainly by digesting and promoting the microbial degradation of DDT by indigenous microorganisms via improving soil properties. Knowledge of the mechanisms of DDT transformation by earthworms will support the use of earthworms in remediating DDT-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Xu
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yong-Tao Li
- Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Chen Z, Song S, Mao L, Wei J, Li Y, Tan H, Li X. Determinations of dinotefuran and metabolite levels before and after household coffee processing in coffee beans using solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:1267-1274. [PMID: 30073655 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. However, as daily consumables, coffee beans may contain pesticide residues that are capable of causing adverse health effects. Thus, we investigated residue dynamics in coffee beans using supervised field trials under Good Agricultural Practice conditions and determined the effects of household coffee processing on the coffee-bean pesticide residues dinotefuran and its metabolites 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) urea (UF) and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) guanidine (DN). RESULTS The recovery rate of dinotefuran and its metabolites UF and DN was in the range 73.5%-106.3%, with a relative SD < 10%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for dinotefuran, UF and DN were all 0.003 and 0.01 mg kg-1 , respectively. Dissipation experiments were conducted over 2015 and 2016 and showed a mean half-life of 40.8 days. Coffee processing procedures were performed as described for traditional household coffee processing in Ethiopia. Dinotefuran contents were reduced by 44.4%-86.7% with washing of coffee beans and the roasting process reduced these contents by 62.2%-100%. DN residues were not detected in roasted coffee beans before day 21 or in brewed coffee before day 35 and UF residues were not detected in brewed coffee before day 35. Kruskal-Wallis analyses indicated large variations in the stability of pesticide residues between processing methods (P ≤ 0.05). Reductions of pesticide concentrations with washing were also significantly lower than those following roasting (P = 0.0001) and brewing processes (P = 0.002). Moreover, processing factors were less than one for all processing stages, indicating reductions of pesticides contents for all processing stages. CONCLUSION The cumulative effects of the three processing methods are of paramount importance with respect to an evaluation of the risks associated with the ingestion of pesticide residues, particularly those in coffee beans. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Chen
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiming Song
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lianying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanfu Li
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Samidurai J, Subramanian M, Venugopal D. Levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in fresh water fishes of three bird sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:1983-1993. [PMID: 30460660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues were determined in nine species of fresh water fishes caught from three bird sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 302 fishes were analyzed for various types of OCPS. OCPs, namely hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan, and dieldrin were detected among various species of fishes. Among the various OCPs analyzed, HCH was the most frequently detected pesticides. Among the HCH isomers, β HCH contributed more than 50% to the Σ HCH. p,p' DDT, the metabolites of DDT, had high percentage of occurrence. Among the cyclodiene insecticide residues, endosulfan was detected in more than 60% of the fishes. Varying levels of ΣOCPs (a sum of Σ HCH, Σ DDT, Σ endosulfan, heptachlor epoxide, and dieldrin) were detected in various fish species, although it was not significant (p > 0.05). However, significant variations in OCPs were observed among location and between seasons (p < 0.05). However, continuous monitoring is recommended to facilitate the early identification of risks not only to the fishes, but also to fish-eating birds breeding in these sanctuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Samidurai
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.
- P.G. Research Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, 609305, India.
| | - Muralidharan Subramanian
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | - Dhananjayan Venugopal
- Division of Ecotoxicology, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
- Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology Division, Regional Occupational Health Centre (S), ICMR-NIOH, Devanahalli, Bangalore, 562110, India
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Meng Z, Chen X, Guan L, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Song Y, Liu F, Fan T. Dissipation kinetics and risk assessments of tricyclazole during Oryza sativa L. growing, processing and storage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:35249-35256. [PMID: 30341752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increase of people's attention to food safety, monitoring the residue of pesticide in rice is becoming more and more important. Commercial and home processing techniques have been used to transform paddy rice into rice products for human or animal consumption, which may reduce the pesticide content in rice. The degradation of tricyclazole during different stages of commercial and home processing and storage was assessed in this paper. Many researches studying the occurrence and distribution of pesticide residues during rice cropping and processing have been reported. Rice samples were extracted with acetonitrile, the extracts were enriched, and then residues were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. The dissipation dynamics of tricyclazole in rice plant, soil, and paddy water fitted the first-order kinetic equations. The dissipation half-lives of tricyclazole in the rice plant, water, and soil at dosage of 300~450 g a.i. hm -2 were 4.84~5.16, 4.64~4.85, and 3.57~3.82 days, respectively. The residue levels of tricyclazole gradually reduced with different processing procedures. What is more, decladding process could effectively remove the residues of tricyclazole in raw rice, and washing process could further remove the residues of tricyclazole in polished rice. Degradation dynamic equations of tricyclazole in the raw rice and polished rice were based on the first-order reaction dynamic equations, and the half-lives of the degradation of tricyclazole was 43.32~58.24 days and 46.83~56.35 days in raw rice and polished rice. These results provide information regarding the fate of tricyclazole in the rice food chain, while it provides a theoretical basis for systematic evaluation of the potential residual risk of tricyclazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingjun Guan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Yangzhou Polytechnic University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyi Song
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianle Fan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Tsakirakis AN, Kasiotis KM, Anastasiadou P, Charistou AN, Gerritsen-Ebben R, Glass CR, Machera K. Determination of pesticide dermal transfer to operators and agricultural workers through contact with sprayed hard surfaces. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2858-2863. [PMID: 29781246 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, the rate of dermal transfer of pesticides to agricultural workers occurring via contact with sprayed hard surfaces was investigated. Cotton gloves were used as dosimeters to collect residues from hard surfaces contaminated by pesticides in greenhouses. Dosimeters, either dry or moistened, were in contact with wood, metal and plastic surfaces that had previously been sprayed. The experimental approach applied mimicked typical hand contact. Moistened cotton gloves were used to simulate hand moisture from dew/condensation or rainfall. The effect of total duration of contact on the final hand exposure via transfer was investigated. RESULTS The higher duration contact tested (50 s) resulted in higher transfer rates for metal and plastic surfaces; no such effect was noted in the case of the wood surface. The pesticide amount transferred from the metal and plastic surfaces to wet gloves was greater than that transferred to dry gloves. Such a trend was not observed for the wood surface. Transfer rates varied from 0.46 to 77.62% and from 0.17 to 16.90% for wet and dry samples, respectively. CONCLUSION The current study has generated new data to quantify the proportion of pesticide deposits dislodged from three different non-crop surfaces when in contact with dry or wet gloves. © 2018 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos N Tsakirakis
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Pelagia Anastasiadou
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Agathi N Charistou
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Rianda Gerritsen-Ebben
- TNO, Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development (RAPID), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
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Witton JT, Pickering MD, Alvarez T, Reed M, Weyman G, Hodson ME, Ashauer R. Quantifying pesticide deposits and spray patterns at micro-scales on apple (Malus domesticus) leaves with a view to arthropod exposure. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2884-2893. [PMID: 29999226 PMCID: PMC6282537 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides used in commercial crop systems can adversely affect non-target arthropod populations. The spatial distribution of pesticide residues is rarely studied at scales relevant to these populations. Here, we combine two methods for assessing pesticide spray deposits at spatial scales relevant to non-target arthropods found in apple orchards. Pesticide residues were determined on individual apple leaves through conventional residue analysis; water-sensitive paper was used to investigate spatial distributions in deposits at the micro-scale. We also evaluated how accurately a digital image analysis program estimated pesticide residues. RESULTS We found that mean pesticide spray coverage on water-sensitive paper varied by up to 6.1% (95% CI 9.4%, 2.7%) within an apple orchard, and leaf residues varied by up to 0.95 (95% CI 0.54, 1.36) mg kg-1 within a tree. Leaf residues based on analytical chemistry were six times lower than pesticide deposition estimated through image analysis of water-sensitive paper, although these correlated strongly. This correlation allowed estimation of actual residues by application of a correction factor. CONCLUSION Our method demonstrates accurate estimation of pesticide deposits at the individual leaf scale through digital analysis of water-sensitive paper and is a low-cost, rapid alternative to conventional residue analysis techniques. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melissa Reed
- Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety ExecutiveYorkUK
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Miao G, Han J, Ye T, Chen Z, Zhang K. Efficiency and Safety Assurance of Six Fungicides Applied on Postharvest Cabbages Stored in a Natural Environment. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10864-10870. [PMID: 30272962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest disease is a major factor in the limited shelf life of many fruits and vegetables, and it is often managed using fungicidal spraying or soaking. In this study, we first tested the efficiency of six common fungicides on postharvest head cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata) against Botrytis cinerea. Afterward, the elimination abilities of these six fungicides on different layers of cabbage heads were examined, and the effects of the household processes on residue removal were evaluated. Results showed that very low contents of residues reached the inner layers and that peeling the three outmost leaves of cabbage could eliminate most of the investigated fungicides. All six fungicides disappeared during washing, stir-frying, or boiling, among which cyprodinil was the easiest to be eliminated. Furthermore, the combined processes reduced the residues below the limits of quantification for all six investigated fungicides, even after 2 days of spraying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering , Huainan Normal University , Huainan , Anhui 232038 , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering , Huainan Normal University , Huainan , Anhui 232038 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Bioengineering , Huainan Normal University , Huainan , Anhui 232038 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhina Chen
- Department of Bioengineering , Huainan Normal University , Huainan , Anhui 232038 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kegui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering , Huainan Normal University , Huainan , Anhui 232038 , People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Jin F, Cao X, Shao Y, Wang J, She Y, Qi Y, Zhang C, Li H, Jin M, Wang J, Shao H, Zheng L. Residue behaviors and risk assessment of flonicamid and its metabolites in the cabbage field ecosystem. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:420-429. [PMID: 29908453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flonicamid, a novel selective systemic pesticide, can effectively control a broad range of insect pests. However, the dissipation behaviors and the terminal residues of flonicamid and its metabolites in some crops and soils remain unclear. Herein, an easy, sensitive and reliable method using a modified QuEChERS extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS for the simultaneous analysis of flonicamid and its metabolites in cabbage and soil was developed. Based on this method, the dissipation behaviors of flonicamid and its metabolites as well as their persistence in cabbage and soil during harvest were investigated. Flonicamid degraded rapidly, and the half-lives of flonicamid only and total residues (the sum of flonicamid and its metabolites) were 1.49-4.59 and 1.97-4.99 days in cabbage, and 2.12-7.97 and 2.04-7.62 days in soil, respectively. When 50% flonicamid WG was sprayed once or twice at the recommended dose and 1.5-fold the recommended dose, the highest residues of total flonicamid in cabbage and soil from different pre-harvest intervals (3, 7 and 14 days) were 0.070 and 0.054 mg kg-1, respectively. The risk quotient (RQ) of flonicamid based on the consumption data from China was below 16.84%, indicating that the use of flonicamid is non-hazardous to humans. These results could not only guide the safe and responsible use of flonicamid in agriculture but also help the Chinese government establish the maximum residue level (MRL) for flonicamid in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Fen Jin
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yong Shao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, PR China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yan Qi
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Hua Shao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Chang CH, MacIntosh D, Lemos B, Zhang Q, Lu C. Characterization of Daily Dietary Intake and the Health Risk of Neonicotinoid Insecticides for the U.S. Population. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10097-10105. [PMID: 30192531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although neonicotinoids have been the most commonly used insecticides globally, very limited data related to their dietary intake and health risks are available. In this study, we used the relative potency factor approach to aggregate individual neonicotinoids into a single metric (IMIRPF) representing the intakes of total neonicotinoids in relation to imidacloprid for each food item. We then estimated the average daily intake (ADI) of neonicotinoids using residue data collected from U.S. Congressional Cafeteria study (USCC) and USDA/PDP and food consumption data from NHANES 2011-2012. Among the USCC and USDA/PDP samples, squash (427.2 ng/g) and spinach (569.2 ng/g), had the highest average IMIRPF, respectively. The estimated ADIs were below the current chronic reference dose (cRfD) for imidacloprid. However, due to their wide use, it is logical to expect the ubiquity of neonicotinoids in foods. Therefore, the importance of conducting routine dietary intake assessment for neonicotinoids should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - David MacIntosh
- Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Environment , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , People's Republic of China
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Niu J, Hu J. Dissipation behaviour and dietary risk assessment of boscalid, triflumizole and its metabolite (FM-6-1) in open-field cucumber based on QuEChERS using HPLC-MS/MS technique. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:4501-4508. [PMID: 29479706 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To resist plant diseases, boscalid and triflumizole have been applied to cucumbers frequently. However, the residue and dietary risk assessment of these fungicides in cucumber should be given attention for food safety. RESULTS An effective and highly sensitive method based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique for simultaneous multidetermination of boscalid, triflumizole and its metabolite (FM-6-1) in a cucumber ecosystem was established and validated. Field experiments were conducted in three different locations, where boscalid and triflumizole (35% suspension concentration) were applied at 253 g of active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare (the recommended high dosage) and 379.5 g a.i. ha-1 (1.5 times the recommended high dosage) in each location. The limits of quantification and the limits of detection of the proposed method ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 mg kg-1 and 3.9 × 10-5 to 7.5 × 10-4 mg L-1 respectively. The mean recoveries and relative standard deviations of these compounds were 80-105% and 1.0-6.1% respectively. The dissipation dynamics of compounds followed pseudo-first-order kinetic models remarkably, with a half-value period of 2.3-40.8 days. The residues of boscalid and triflumizole in cucumber at harvest were below 0.66 mg kg-1 and 0.07 mg kg-1 respectively. The results of the dietary risk assessments have shown a low dietary risk of compounds in cucumber with hazard ratios <1 and hazard index <1. CONCLUSION These results from the experiments are the most important for putting a guide on reasonable usage of these fungicides under the open-field conditions in China. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Niu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Hu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Jiao W, Hu Y, Ge G, Li J, Xiao Y, Cai H, He L, Hua R, Sun J, Hou R. Comparison of the Metabolic Behaviors of Six Systemic Insecticides in a Newly Established Cell Suspension Culture Derived from Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) Leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8593-8601. [PMID: 30074784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of an in vitro cell suspension to study insecticide metabolism is a simpler strategy compared to using intact plants, especially for a difficult matrix such as tea. In this study, a sterile tea leaf callus was inoculated into B5 liquid media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.0 mg L-1) and Kinetin (KT, 0.1 mg L-1). After 3-4 subcultures (28 days each), a good cell suspension was established. Utilizing these cultures, the metabolic behaviors of six insecticides, including two organophosphates (dimethoate, omethoate) and four neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and imidaclothiz) were compared. The results showed that thiamethoxam, dimethoate, and omethoate were easily metabolized by tea cells, with degradation ratios after 75 days of 55.3%, 90.4%, and 100%, respectively. Seven metabolites of thiamethoxan and two metabolites of dimethoate were found in treated cell cultures using mass-spectrometry, compared to only two metabolites for thiamethoxam and one for dimethoate in treated intact plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
- School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University , Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
| | - Yizheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
| | - Guoqin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
| | - Jianchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
- Anhui Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the P. R. China , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
| | - Huimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
| | - Lili He
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Rimao Hua
- School of Resource & Environment of Anhui Agricultural University , Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety , Hefei 230022 , P. R. China
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Hwang JI, Zimmerman AR, Kim JE. Bioconcentration factor-based management of soil pesticide residues: Endosulfan uptake by carrot and potato plants. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:514-522. [PMID: 29426174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uptake characteristics of endosulfan (ED), including α-, β-isomers and sulfate-metabolites, from the soils by carrot and potato plants were investigated to establish a method that may be used to calculate recommended permissible soil contaminant concentrations (Cs, permissible) at time of planting so that maximum residue level (MRL) standards are not exceeded. The residues of ED were analyzed in soils treated with ED at concentrations of either 2 or 10 mg kg soil-1 and in the plants (carrots and potatoes) grown in such soils for 60-90 d. Presence of plants increased ED dissipation rates in soils in patterns that were best fit to a double-exponential decay model (R2 of 0.84-0.99). The ED uptake extent varied with type of crop, ED isomer, plant growth duration, and plant compartments. However, ED concentrations in all edible parts of crops eventually exceeded their maximum residue limits. Total ED bioconcentration factor (BCF), the ratio of soil ED concentration at planting time to that in edible part of each crop at harvest day, was found to decrease with time due to decreasing soil ED concentration and increasing plant biomass in a pattern that followed a first order kinetic model. Using this model, the Cs, permissible values, specific to the soils used in this study, were calculated to be 0.32 and 0.19 mg kg soil-1 for carrots and potatoes, respectively. The results and methods developed in this study may be utilized as a prediction tool to ensure crop safety from pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Hwang
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew R Zimmerman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Liu YY, Xiao JJ, Fu YY, Liao M, Cao HQ, Shi YH. Study of Factors Influencing the Bioaccessibility of Triazolone in Cherry Tomatoes Using a Static SHIME Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15050993. [PMID: 29762491 PMCID: PMC5982032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estimating the influence of bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables on dietary exposure is a challenge for human health risk assessment. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in cherry tomatoes and contributing factors (digestion time, pH, solid/liquid ratio, and dietary nutrition) using an in vitro test simulating the human gastrointestinal tract. pH had the largest effect on triazolone precipitation in the simulated gastric intestinal juice, which had a significant impact on the bioaccessibility. The bioaccessibility of triazolone in the intestinal stage was slightly higher than that in the stomach stage, owing to bile salts and pancreatic enzymes present in the intestinal juice. The bioaccessibility of triazolone did not change significantly with digestion time. In the gastric stage, there was a logarithmic relationship between the bioaccessibility and solid/liquid ratio (R² = 0.9941). The addition of oil significantly changed the bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal stage. Protein and dietary fiber only affected bioaccessibility in the stomach stage. Dietary nutrition can reduce the release of pesticides from fruits and vegetables into the stomach, sharply reducing the bioaccessibility, and the dietary exposure of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables can be properly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Liu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jin-Jing Xiao
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yun-Yao Fu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Min Liao
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Shi
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Polat A, Polat S, Simsek A, Kurt TT, Ozyurt G. Pesticide residues in muscles of some marine fish species and seaweeds of Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean), Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:3756-3764. [PMID: 29168137 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in muscles of nine marine fish and four seaweed species of Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean) have been investigated. In sampled fish species, two herbicides, three insecticides, two fungicides, and one synergist were identified and quantified. Metribuzin DADK, propamocarb HCl, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were detected in all the muscles of sampled fish species. Metribuzin DADK was the most abundant pesticide residue in fish muscles and the highest metribuzin DADK concentration was found in sardine (311.20 μg/kg). Propamocarb HCl concentrations varied greatly among species; from 0.530 ± 0.020 μg/kg in striped sea bream to 34.170 μg/kg in sea bass. The level of PBO ranged from 0.001 μg/kg for fourlined terapon to 0.013 μg/kg for sardine. No measurable oxamyl residue was found in any of the muscles of sampled fish species (except sardine). In seaweeds, two herbicides and two insecticides were identified and quantified. Metribuzin DADK was the most abundant and found in Cystoseira corniculata (5.01 mg/kg), Corallina elongata (0.703 mg/kg), and Jania rubens (3.85 mg/kg). Molinate was a minor contaminant and only found in Corallina elongata (0.002 mg/kg). Pyrethrin I was determined only in Padina pavonia to be 0.567 mg/kg. Pyrethrine II was found in Padina pavonia and Corallina elongate to be 1.214 and 0.229 mg/kg, respectively. The most hazardous pesticide residues of organochlorines and organophosphorus were not detected in both sampled fish muscles and seaweeds. There are no clear maximum residue limits for the detected eight pesticide residues declared for fish muscle by European Union MRL (2017). In conclusion, it can be considered that observed concentrations of pesticides in sampled nine marine fish species do not have a potential health risk for consumers. Some of the detected pesticide residues can be toxic for algae and aquatic life and regular monitoring studies are therefore essential to control the pesticide concentrations of aquatic biota in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurahman Polat
- Department of Fisheries and Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Balcali, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevim Polat
- Department of Fisheries and Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Balcali, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Simsek
- Department of Fisheries and Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Balcali, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tuba Terbiyik Kurt
- Department of Fisheries and Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Balcali, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gülsün Ozyurt
- Department of Fisheries and Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Balcali, 01330, Adana, Turkey.
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Miao J, Chen X, Xu T, Yin D, Hu X, Sheng GD. Bioaccumulation, distribution and elimination of lindane in Eisenia foetida: The aging effect. Chemosphere 2018; 190:350-357. [PMID: 29017112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil aging will influence the chemical speciation of pesticides, thus affecting the uptake route to be bioavailable to the organism. So far, studies on the possible effects of the uptake route on the distribution and elimination of pesticides in the organism that also considers effects of aging are limited. In our study, Eisenia fetida was exposed to 4.5 mg kg-1 lindane aging for 0, 30 and 180 d, and the accumulation, distribution and elimination of lindane in the earthworms were analyzed. The results showed that the 6 h Tenax-extracted fraction exhibited a good linear correlation with the lindane accumulated in the earthworms. With aging time increasing, the bioaccumulation of lindane decreased and the accumulative balance was more easily reached in the earthworms. Lindane distributions were found in the whole earthworm and the proportions of lindane content at sub-organism level and the mass distribution of each fraction were similar for 0 d and 180 d aged groups. The foregut accumulated the highest content of lindane (20%) relative to its low mass distribution proportion (10%). The elimination rate of lindane in the earthworms decreased with aging time extending. Our conclusion was that the 6 h Tenax extraction could be used to assess the bioavailability of aging lindane. Although soil aging decreased the bioavailability of lindane, the soil-bound lindane entered the earthworm through dietary route would take longer to depurate from the organisms than free lindane, which implied the potential ecological risk of bound pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xialin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - G Daniel Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Zhao Z, Chen L, Bai B, Yang X, Tan Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Zhou C. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for evaluating the dissipation dynamics of cyromazine and its metabolite in Agaricus bisporus and dietary risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:2285-2292. [PMID: 29119493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Providing guidance on the reasonable use of pesticide in agricultural production is of particular importance for ensuring food safety. In the present study, a field trial was performed to study the dissipation and accumulative pattern of cyromazine (CA) and its metabolite in Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) cultivation. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was first developed and validated for the determination of CA and melamine (MEL) in the casing soil and fruiting body. During the cultivation period, the dissipation rates of CA in the casing soil were between 51.57 and 63.48% at three dose groups. The fruiting body presented higher accumulation ability for MEL compared with CA. The terminal residues of MEL never exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in food. In addition, the intake health risk from the CA and MEL residues in the fruiting body were negligible to humans. This study will help to provide valuable guidance on the application strategies of CA in A. bisporus cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Bai
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Yang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanglan Tan
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China.
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