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Arana E, Gonzalo A, Andollo N, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Gómez-Fernández P, Salado C, Hernández G, Suárez-Cortés T. The new preservative-free ophthalmic formulation of bilastine 0.6% preserves the ocular surface epithelial integrity in a comparative in vitro study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9598. [PMID: 38671063 PMCID: PMC11053002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is the most common form of allergic eye disease and an increasingly prevalent condition. Topical eye drop treatments are the usual approach for managing AC, although their impact on the ocular surface is not frequently investigated. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative physicochemical characterization, and in vitro biological evaluations in primary conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells of the new multidose preservative-free bilastine 0.6% and main commercially available eye drops. MTT assay was used to measure cell viability; oxidative stress was analyzed with a ROS-sensitive probe; and apoptosis was evaluated monitoring caspase 3/7 activation. Differences in pH value, osmolarity, viscosity and phosphate levels were identified. Among all formulations, bilastine exhibited pH, osmolarity and viscosity values closer to tear film (7.4, 300 mOsm/l and ~ 1.5-10 mPa·s, respectively), and was the only phosphates-free solution. Single-dose ketotifen did not induce ROS production, and single-dose azelastine and bilastine only induced a mild increase. Bilastine and single-dose ketotifen and azelastine showed high survival rates attributable to the absence of preservative in its formulation, not inducing caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis after 24 h. Our findings support the use of the new bilastine 0.6% for treating patients with AC to preserve and maintain the integrity of the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eider Arana
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+I Department), Faes Farma, Av. Autonomía 10, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Gonzalo
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+I Department), Faes Farma, Av. Autonomía 10, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Noelia Andollo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio
- Biotechnology Area, GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Paloma Gómez-Fernández
- Biotechnology Area, GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Clarisa Salado
- Innoprot SL, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+I Department), Faes Farma, Av. Autonomía 10, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tatiana Suárez-Cortés
- Research, Development and Innovation Department (R&D+I Department), Faes Farma, Av. Autonomía 10, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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2
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Welsh A, Serala K, Prince S, Smith GS. Selective Targeting of Regulated Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells by Trinuclear Ruthenium(II)-Arene Complexes. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6673-6686. [PMID: 38569098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The use of benzimidazole-based trinuclear ruthenium(II)-arene complexes (1-3) to selectively target the rare cancer rhabdomyosarcoma is reported. Preliminary cytotoxic evaluations of the ruthenium complexes in an eight-cancer cell line panel revealed enhanced, selective cytotoxicity toward rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RMS). The trinuclear complex 1 was noted to show superior short- and long-term cytotoxicity in RMS cell lines and enhanced selectivity relative to cisplatin. Remarkably, 1 inhibits the migration of metastatic RMS cells and maintains superior activity in a 3D multicellular spheroid model in comparison to that of the clinically used cisplatin. Mechanistic insights reveal that 1 effectively induces genomic DNA damage, initiates autophagy, and prompts the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in RMS cells. To the best of our knowledge, 1 is the first trinuclear ruthenium(II) arene complex to selectively kill RMS cells in 2D and 3D cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athi Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Karabo Serala
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7935, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7935, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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Grossi G, Scarano N, Musumeci F, Tonelli M, Kanov E, Carbone A, Fossa P, Gainetdinov RR, Cichero E, Schenone S. Discovery of a Novel Chemo-Type for TAAR1 Agonism via Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2024; 29:1739. [PMID: 38675561 PMCID: PMC11052455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for novel effective TAAR1 ligands continues to draw great attention due to the wide range of pharmacological applications related to TAAR1 targeting. Herein, molecular docking studies of known TAAR1 ligands, characterized by an oxazoline core, have been performed in order to identify novel promising chemo-types for the discovery of more active TAAR1 agonists. In particular, the oxazoline-based compound S18616 has been taken as a reference compound for the computational study, leading to the development of quite flat and conformationally locked ligands. The choice of a "Y-shape" conformation was suggested for the design of TAAR1 ligands, interacting with the protein cavity delimited by ASP103 and aromatic residues such as PHE186, PHE195, PHE268, and PHE267. The obtained results allowed us to preliminary in silico screen an in-house series of pyrimidinone-benzimidazoles (1a-10a) as a novel scaffold to target TAAR1. Combined ligand-based (LBCM) and structure based (SBCM) computational methods suggested the biological evaluation of compounds 1a-10a, leading to the identification of derivatives 1a-3a (hTAAR1 EC50 = 526.3-657.4 nM) as promising novel TAAR1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Grossi
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Evgeny Kanov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg University Hospital, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg University Hospital, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Martynov A, Farber B, Bomko T, Beckles DL, Kleyn I. Molecular Modeling, Synthesis, and Antihyperglycemic Activity of the New Benzimidazole Derivatives - Imidazoline Receptor Agonists. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1035-1052. [PMID: 38585255 PMCID: PMC10999201 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s447289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The paper presents the results of a study on the first synthesized benzimidazole derivatives obtained from labile nature carboxylic acids. The synthesis conditions of these substances were studied, their structure was proved, and some components were found to have sugar-reducing activity on the model of alloxan diabetes in rats. Methods The study used molecular modeling methods such as docking based on the evolutionary model (igemdock), RP_HPLC method to monitor the synthesis reaction, and 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and other methods of organic chemistry to confirm the structures of synthesized substances. Results & Discussion The docking showed that the ursodeoxycholic acid benzimidazole derivatives have high tropics to all imidazoline receptor carriers (PDB ID: 2XCG, 2bk3, 3p0c, 1QH4). The ursodeoxycholic acid benzimidazole derivative and arginine and histidine benzimidazole derivatives showed the highest sugar-lowering activity in the experiment on alloxan-diabetic rats. For these derivatives, the difference in glucose levels of treated rats was significant against untreated control. Therefore, the new derivatives of benzimidazole and labile natural organic acids can be used to create new classes of imidazoline receptor inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Martynov
- Laboratory and Clinical department of Molecular Immunopharmacology, SI “ I. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Tatyana Bomko
- Laboratory and Clinical department of Molecular Immunopharmacology, SI “ I. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Ilya Kleyn
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center / University Hospital of Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA
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Fang J, Zhang J, Meng L, Li H, Xia D, Wang Y, Chen H, Liao Z, Zhuang R, Li Y, Zhang X, Guo Z. 18F-Labeled Amidobenzimidazole Analogue for Visualizing STING Expression in Tumor. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1942-1951. [PMID: 38447198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is pivotal in mediating STING-dependent type I interferon production, which is crucial for enhancing tumor rejection. Visualizing STING within the tumor microenvironment is valuable for STING-related treatments, yet the availability of suitable STING imaging probes is limited. In this study, we developed [18F]AlF-ABI, a novel 18F-labeled agent featuring an amidobenzimidazole core structure, for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of STING in B16F10 and CT26 tumors. [18F]AlF-ABI was synthesized with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 38.0 ± 7.9% and radiochemical purity exceeding 97%. The probe exhibited a nanomolar STING binding affinity (KD = 35.6 nM). Upon administration, [18F]AlF-ABI rapidly accumulated at tumor sites, demonstrating significantly higher uptake in B16F10 tumors compared to CT26 tumors, consistent with STING immunofluorescence patterns. Specificity was further validated through in vitro cell experiments and in vivo blocking PET imaging. These findings suggest that [18F]AlF-ABI holds promise as an effective agent for visualizing STING in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lingxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenhuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Theranostics and Translational Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
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6
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Perin N, Gulin M, Kos M, Persoons L, Daelemans D, Fabijanić I, Stojković MR, Hranjec M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Amino and Amido Substituted Pentacyclic Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2288. [PMID: 38396966 PMCID: PMC10889688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Newly designed pentacyclic benzimidazole derivatives featuring amino or amido side chains were synthesized to assess their in vitro antiproliferative activity. Additionally, we investigated their direct interaction with nucleic acids, aiming to uncover potential mechanisms of biological action. These compounds were prepared using conventional organic synthesis methodologies alongside photochemical and microwave-assisted reactions. Upon synthesis, the newly derived compounds underwent in vitro testing for their antiproliferative effects on various human cancer cell lines. Notably, derivatives 6 and 9 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity within the submicromolar concentration range. The biological activity was strongly influenced by the N atom's position on the quinoline moiety and the position and nature of the side chain on the pentacyclic skeleton. Findings from fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and thermal melting assays pointed toward a mixed binding mode-comprising intercalation and the binding of aggregated compounds along the polynucleotide backbone-of these pentacyclic benzimidazoles with DNA and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Perin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Marjana Gulin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Marija Kos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Leentje Persoons
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Ivana Fabijanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.F.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.F.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.G.); (M.K.)
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7
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Tolić Čop K, Perin N, Hranjec M, Runje M, Vianello R, Gazivoda Kraljević T, Mutavdžić Pavlović D. Insight into the degradation of amino substituted benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines via a combined experimental and density functional theory study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115767. [PMID: 37832474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have been shown to be potential chemotherapeutic agents, especially the benzimidazole derivatives studied in this work. The ultimate goal in the search for biologically active and effective molecules is to commercialize a product whose stability must be reliable. Therefore, in the development of drugs, forced degradation experiments are performed under the environmental conditions to which they are subjected during transportation and storage to ensure quality and safety before marketing. Hydrolytic, thermal, photolytic, and degradation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide are experimental stress tests to which the newly synthesized compounds were subjected to gain insight into the degradation pathways of the analytes. Degradation of two benzimidazole derivatives was observed under all applied conditions while the major impact showed photolysis with ten and four degradation products, respectively. In total, eighteen major degradation products were detected and identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Computer models in the TEST program were applied to the proposed structures to evaluate the bioaccumulation factor, toxicity, and mutagenicity of the analyzed compounds, while density functional theory analysis (DFT) revealed factors affecting the vulnerability of systems towards exceeding acidic/basic conditions and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Tolić Čop
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Perin
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Runje
- Pliva Croatia TAPI R&D, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Laboratory for the Computational Design and Synthesis of Functional Materials, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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8
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Steinmüller SAM, Fender J, Deventer MH, Tutov A, Lorenz K, Stove CP, Hislop JN, Decker M. Visible-Light Photoswitchable Benzimidazole Azo-Arenes as β-Arrestin2-Biased Selective Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Agonists. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306176. [PMID: 37269130 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2 R) has high therapeutic potential for multiple pathogenic processes, such as neuroinflammation. Pathway-selective ligands are needed to overcome the lack of clinical success and to elucidate correlations between pathways and their respective therapeutic effects. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a photoswitchable scaffold based on the privileged structure of benzimidazole and its application as a functionally selective CB2 R "efficacy-switch". Benzimidazole azo-arenes offer huge potential for the broad extension of photopharmacology to a wide range of optically addressable biological targets. We used this scaffold to develop compound 10 d, a "trans-on" agonist, which serves as a molecular probe to study the β-arrestin2 (βarr2) pathway at CB2 R. βΑrr2 bias was observed in CB2 R internalization and βarr2 recruitment, while no activation occurred when looking at Gα16 or mini-Gαi . Overall, compound 10 d is the first light-dependent functionally selective agonist to investigate the complex mechanisms of CB2 R-βarr2 dependent endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A M Steinmüller
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Fender
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marie H Deventer
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Tutov
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - James N Hislop
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Arı E, Şahin N, Üstün E, Dündar M, Karcı H, Özdemir İ, Koç A, Gürbüz N, Özdemir İ. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking study of benzyl functionalized benzimidazole silver(I) complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:725-736. [PMID: 37934281 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of N-functionalized benzimidazole silver(I) complexes were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, 1H, 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Synthesized N-benzylbenzimidazole silver(I) complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungal strains Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The results indicated that N-alkylbenzimidazole silver(I) complexes exhibited good antimicrobial activity compared to N-alkylbenzimidazole derivatives. Especially, complex 2e presented perfect antimicrobial activity than the other complexes. The characterized molecules were optimized by DFT-based calculation methods and the optimized molecules were analyzed in detail by molecular docking methods against bacterial DNA-gyrase and CYP51. The amino acid residues detected for both target molecules are consistent with expectations, and the calculated binding affinities and inhibition constants are promising for further studies. A series of N-alkylbenzimidazole silver(I) complexes were synthesized and fully characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. Synthesized N-alkylbenzimidazole silver(I) complexes were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungal strains Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. All complexes showed better activity according to Ampicilin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The molecules which were firstly optimized by DFT-based calculation methods were also analyzed by molecular docking methods against DNA gyrase of E. Coli and CYP51. 338 × 190 mm (96 × 96 DPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Arı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Şahin
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Cumhuriyet University, 58040, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Elvan Üstün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Dündar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Karcı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İlknur Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
- Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Koç
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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10
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Akhtar S, Naeem S, Asghar N, Muhammad Khan F, Mehboob Khan M, Akram A, Suheryani I. Revealing analgesic and anxiolytic potentials of synthetic benzimidazole analogues: An in-vivo and in-silico study. Pak J Pharm Sci 2023; 36:1749-1757. [PMID: 38124415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Certain drugs have potential to affect and alter individual's behavior. On the other hand, pain is a complex phenomenon with various treatment options; analgesic medicines are the primary source. Therefore, this study was based on examining some of the benzimidazole analogues for their analgesic as well as behavioral potential following Tail immersion test and Open field test respectively. In addition, molecular docking was performed to find the interaction of these compounds with the active site using AutoDock Vina which was further visualized through Discovery Studio Visualizer. It was seen that the cyano-methyl benzimidazole derivatives (CMB1-CMB3) showed relief in pain as compared to benzimidazole derivatives (BI1-BI3), CMB2 demonstrated highly potent analgesic effect. Likewise, all structures except BI1 displayed increase locomotion during open field test and can be offered as anxiolytic compounds. Almost all derivatives showed improve binding energies for the tested proteins where the high analgesic action of CMB2 might be correlated to its high binding affinity and interaction at µOR. It was also noticed that all structures except BI showed possible binding interaction with GABAA receptor and hence possessed anxiolytic like potential. Thus, this study offered benzimidazole analogues for further drug development of analgesic and anxiolytic like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Naeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Muhammad Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Moona Mehboob Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Suheryani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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11
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Aboutaleb MH, El-Gohary NS, Ghabbour HA, El-Kerdawy MM. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new benzimidazole thiourea derivatives as antitumor agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300269. [PMID: 37602810 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel benzimidazole thiourea derivatives were designed and synthesized based on sorafenib as a lead compound. The benzimidazole moiety was traded by the pyridine ring to enhance the hydrophobic interaction and retain hydrogen bonding in the hinge region, while lipophilic moieties with different bulkiness were employed in the deep hydrophobic pocket for better hydrophobic interactions. Thiourea as a urea bioisostere was also utilized. Substantial activity was demonstrated against a leukemia subpanel in an in vitro antitumor screening at the NCI. In the single-dose assay, compounds 7i, 7j, and 7l had a GI%) higher than sorafenib against most leukemia cell lines (GI% = 86.2%-137.1%), while in the five-dose assay, compound 7l outperformed sorafenib against the HL-60(TB) and SR leukemia cell lines in terms of GI50 , TGI, and LC50 . Compound 7l also caused cycle arrest at the G0-G1 and S phases in the HL-60(TB) leukemia cell line and induced apoptosis via elevating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and increasing caspases 3, 7, and 9 by 5.1-, 3.2-, and 5.2-fold, respectively. Compounds 7i, 7j, and 7l also inhibited the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), B-Raf(V600E) , and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β) enzymes with an IC50 range of 0.063-0.44 μM. COMPARE analysis and a molecular docking study were also performed to predict the possible mechanism of action and binding mode, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Aboutaleb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Nadia S El-Gohary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Kerdawy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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12
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Hussain R, Rahim F, Ullah H, Khan S, Sarfraz M, Iqbal R, Suleman F, Al-Sadoon MK. Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Evaluation and In Silico Molecular Docking Study of Benzimidazole-Based Oxazole Analogues: A Promising Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:7015. [PMID: 37894494 PMCID: PMC10609608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological condition that severely affects the elderly and is clinically recognised by a decrease in cognition and memory. The treatment of this disease has drawn considerable attention and sparked increased interest among the researchers in this field as a result of a number of factors, including an increase in the population of patients over time, a significant decline in patient quality of life, and the high cost of treatment and care. The current work was carried out for the synthesis of benzimidazole-oxazole hybrid derivatives as efficient Alzheimer's inhibitors and as a springboard for investigating novel anti-chemical Alzheimer's prototypes. The inhibition profiles of each synthesised analogue against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes were assessed. All the synthesized benzimidazole-based oxazole analogues displayed a diverse spectrum of inhibitory potentials against targeted AChE and BuChE enzymes when compared to the reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 M and 4.50 ± 0.11 µM, respectively). The most active AChE and BuChE analogues were discovered to be analogues 9 and 14, with IC50 values of 0.10 ± 0.050 and 0.20 ± 0.050 µM (against AChE) and 0.20 ± 0.050 and 0.30 ± 0.050 µM (against BuChE), respectively. The nature, number, position, and electron-donating and -withdrawing effects on the phenyl ring were taken into consideration when analysing the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Molecular docking studies were also carried out on the active analogues to find out how amino acids bind to the active sites of the AChE and BuChE enzymes that were being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub Campus Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad 36050, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agroecology-Climate and Water, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Suleman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Krstulović L, Mišković Špoljarić K, Rastija V, Filipović N, Bajić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. Novel 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Quinoline-Benzimidazole Hybrids: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, In Silico ADME Predictions, and Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:6950. [PMID: 37836794 PMCID: PMC10574761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly synthesized quinoline-benzimidazole hybrids containing two types of triazole-methyl-phenoxy linkers were characterized via NMR and elemental analysis. Additional derivatization was achieved by introducing bromine at the C-2 position of the phenoxy core. These novel hybrids were tested for their effects on the growth of the non-tumor cell line MRC-5 (human fetal lung fibroblasts), leukemia and lymphoma cell lines: Hut78, THP-1 and HL-60, and carcinoma cell lines: HeLa and CaCo-2. The results obtained, presented as the concentration that achieves 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50 value), show that the compounds tested affect tumor cell growth differently depending on the cell line and the dose applied (IC50 ranged from 0.2 to >100 µM). The quinoline-benzimidazole hybrids tested, including 7-chloro-4-(4-{[4-(5-methoxy-1H-1,3-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy]methyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)quinoline 9c, 2-(3-bromo-4-{[1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-N-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-carboximidamide trihydrochloride 10e, 2-{4-[(1-{2-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-N-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-carboximidamide trihydrochloride 14e and 2-{3-bromo-4-[(1-{2-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-N-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-carboximidamide trihydrochloride 15e, arrested the cell cycle of lymphoma (HuT78) cells. The calculated ADMET properties showed that the synthesized compounds violated at most two of Lipinski's rules, making them potential drug candidates, but mainly for parenteral use due to low gastrointestinal absorption. The quinoline-benzimidazole hybrid 14e, which was shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor of lymphoma cell line growth, obtained the highest binding energy (-140.44 kcal/mol), by docking to the TAO2 kinase domain (PDB: 2GCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Katarina Mišković Špoljarić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Nikolina Filipović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8a, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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14
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Racané L, Zlatić K, Cindrić M, Mehić E, Karminski-Zamola G, Taylor MC, Kelly JM, Malić SR, Stojković MR, Kralj M, Hranjec M. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2-Benzo[b]thienyl and 2-Bithienyl Amidino-Substituted Benzothiazole and Benzimidazole Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300261. [PMID: 37376962 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Novel benzo[b]thienyl- and 2,2'-bithienyl-derived benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles were synthesized to study their antiproliferative and antitrypanosomal activities in vitro. Specifically, we assessed the impact that amidine group substitutions and the type of thiophene backbone have on biological activity. In general, the benzothiazole derivatives were more active than their benzimidazole analogs as both antiproliferative and antitrypanosomal agents. The 2,2'-bithienyl-substituted benzothiazoles with unsubstituted and 2-imidazolinyl amidine showed the most potent antitrypanosomal activity, and the greatest selectivity was observed for the benzimidazole derivatives bearing isopropyl, unsubstituted and 2-imidazolinyl amidine. The 2,2'-bithiophene derivatives showed most selective antiproliferative activity. Whereas the all 2,2'-bithienyl-substituted benzothiazoles were selectively active against lung carcinoma, the benzimidazoles were selective against cervical carcinoma cells. The compounds with an unsubstituted amidine group also produced strong antiproliferative effects. The more pronounced antiproliferative activity of the benzothiazole derivatives was attributed to different cytotoxicity mechanisms. Cell cycle analysis, and DNA binding experiments provide evidence that the benzimidazoles target DNA, whereas the benzothiazoles have a different cellular target because they are localized in the cytoplasm and do not interact with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Zlatić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Cindrić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emina Mehić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grace Karminski-Zamola
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Silvana Raić Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Olivares-Ferretti P, Beltrán JF, Salazar LA, Fonseca-Salamanca F. Protein Modelling and Molecular Docking Analysis of Fasciola hepatica β-Tubulin's Interaction Sites, with Triclabendazole, Triclabendazole Sulphoxide and Triclabendazole Sulphone. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:535-547. [PMID: 37330945 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fasciola hepatica is a globally distributed trematode that causes significant economic losses. Triclabendazole is the primary pharmacological treatment for this parasite. However, the increasing resistance to triclabendazole limits its efficacy. Previous pharmacodynamics studies suggested that triclabendazole acts by interacting mainly with the β monomer of tubulin. METHODS We used a high-quality method to model the six isotypes of F. hepatica β-tubulin in the absence of three-dimensional structures. Molecular dockings were conducted to evaluate the destabilization regions in the molecule against the ligands triclabendazole, triclabendazole sulphoxide and triclabendazole sulphone. RESULTS The nucleotide binding site demonstrates higher affinity than the binding sites of colchicine, albendazole, the T7 loop and pβVII (p < 0.05). We suggest that the binding of the ligands to the polymerization site of β-tubulin can lead a microtubule disruption. Furthermore, we found that triclabendazole sulphone exhibited significantly higher binding affinity than other ligands (p < 0.05) across all isotypes of β-tubulin. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation has yielded new insight on the mechanism of action of triclabendazole and its sulphometabolites on F. hepatica β-tubulin through computational tools. These findings have significant implications for ongoing scientific research ongoing towards the discovery of novel therapeutics to treat F. hepatica infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Olivares-Ferretti
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoparasitology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltrán
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Flery Fonseca-Salamanca
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoparasitology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco, Chile.
- Preclinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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16
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Venugopal S, Kaur B, Verma A, Wadhwa P, Magan M, Hudda S, Kakoty V. Recent advances of benzimidazole as anticancer agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:357-376. [PMID: 37009821 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with 9.6 million deaths yearly. As a life-threatening disease, it necessitates the emergence of new therapies. Resistance to current chemotherapies drives scientists to develop new medications that will eventually be accessible. Because heterocycles are so common in biological substances, compounds play a big part in the variety of medications that have been developed. The "Master Key" is the benzimidazole nucleus, which consists of a six-membered benzene ring fused with a five-membered imidazole/imidazoline ring, which is an azapyrrole. One of the five-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles identified in American therapies that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Our results show that benzimidazole's broad therapeutic spectrum is due to its structural isosteres with purine, which improves hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions with topoisomerase complexes, intercalation with DNA, and other functions. It also enhances protein and nucleic acid inhibition, tubulin microtubule degeneration, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and other functions. Additionally, readers for designing the more recent benzimidazole analogues as prospective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Venugopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Muskan Magan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sharwan Hudda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Violina Kakoty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
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17
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Patel M, Avashthi G, Gacem A, Alqahtani MS, Park HK, Jeon BH. A Review of Approaches to the Metallic and Non-Metallic Synthesis of Benzimidazole (BnZ) and Their Derivatives for Biological Efficacy. Molecules 2023; 28:5490. [PMID: 37513362 PMCID: PMC10384041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are significant lead drug candidates based on their various structure-activity relationships (SAR), and their use in pharmaceutics is constantly developing. Benzimidazole (BnZ) is synthesized by a condensation reaction between benzene and imidazole. The BnZ structure consists of two nitrogen atoms embedded in a five-membered imide ring which is fused with a benzene ring. This review examines the conventional and green synthesis of metallic and non-metallic BnZ and their derivatives, which have several potential SARs, along with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, and anti-protozoal properties. These compounds have been proven by pharmacological investigations to be efficient against different strains of microbes. Therefore, in this review, the structural variations of BnZ are listed along with various applications, predominantly related to their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Patel
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopal Avashthi
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University, NH 8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955 Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Bioimaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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18
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Zhou T, Guo T, Wang Y, Wang A, Zhang M. Carbendazim: Ecological risks, toxicities, degradation pathways and potential risks to human health. Chemosphere 2023; 314:137723. [PMID: 36592835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbendazim is a highly effective benzimidazole fungicide and is widely used throughout the world. The effects of carbendazim contamination on the biology and environment should be paid more attention. We reviewed the published papers to evaluate the biological and environmental risks of carbendazim residues. The carbendazim has been frequently detected in the soil, water, air, and food samples and disrupted the soil and water ecosystem balances and functions. The carbendazim could induce embryonic, reproductive, developmental and hematological toxicities to different model animals. The carbendazim contamination can be remediated by photodegradation and chemical and microbial degradation. The carbendazim could enter into human body through food, drinking water and skin contact. Most of the existing studies were completed in the laboratory, and further studies should be conducted to reveal the effects of successive carbendazim applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangrong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Tao Guo
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Andong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Manyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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19
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Zala AR, Rajani DP, Ahmad I, Patel H, Kumari P. Synthesis, characterization, molecular dynamic simulation, and biological assessment of cinnamates linked to imidazole/benzimidazole as a CYP51 inhibitor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11518-11534. [PMID: 36691770 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2170918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A class of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethyl cinnamates 6a-6j and 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethyl cinnamates 7a-7j were synthesized, and their synthesis was validated using various spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry. In addition, the compounds were assessed for in-vitro antibacterial against gram-positive and gram-negative strains and in-vitro antifungal against six different fungal strains. Compounds 6 g, 7 b, 7f, and 7 g exhibited significant activity against all bacterial strains ranging from MIC = 12.5-50 µg/mL, and compounds 6 g, 7 b, and 7 g exhibited considerable activity against all fungal strains ranging from MFC = 125-200 µg/mL. A molecular docking study indicated that compounds 6 g, 7 b, 7 g, and 7j could be lodged in the active pocket and inhibit C. albicans Sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) protein via various interactions, and these studies validate the antifungal results. Different parameters from the 100 ns MD simulation study are investigated to evaluate the dynamic stability of protein-ligand complexes. According to the MD simulation study, the proposed compounds effectively kept their molecular interaction and structural integrity within the C. albicans Sterol 14-demethylase. Compounds 6 g, 7 b, and 7 g are promising lead compounds in searching for novel antifungal drug-like molecules. Furthermore, in silico ADME indicates that these compounds possess drug-like physicochemical properties to be orally bioavailable.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajayrajsinh R Zala
- Department of Chemistry, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| | | | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Premlata Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
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Lungu L, Blaja S, Cucicova C, Ciocarlan A, Barba A, Kulcițki V, Shova S, Vornicu N, Geana EI, Mangalagiu II, Aricu A. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Homodrimane Sesquiterpenoids with a Benzimidazole Unit. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030933. [PMID: 36770601 PMCID: PMC9921711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a feasible study concerning the synthesis and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of some new homodrimane sesquiterpenoids with a benzimidazole unit. Based on some homodrimane carboxylic acids, on their acyl chlorides and intermediate monoamides, a series of seven N-homodrimenoyl-2-amino-1,3-benzimidazoles and 2-homodrimenyl-1,3-benzimidazoles was synthesized. The syntheses involved the decarboxylative cyclization and condensation of the said acids or acyl chlorides with o-phenylendiamine and 2-aminobenzimidazole, as well as the p-TsOH-mediated cyclodehydration of the said monoacylamides. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been fully confirmed, including by the X-ray diffraction. Their biological activities were evaluated on five species of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. frequentans, and Alternaria alternata) and two strains of bacteria (Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Compounds 7 and 20 showed higher antifungal (MIC = 0.064 and 0.05 μg/mL) and antibacterial (MIC = 0.05 and 0.032 μg/mL) activities compared to those of the standards: caspofungin (MIC = 0.32 μg/mL) and kanamycin (MIC = 2.0 μg/mL), and compounds 4, 10, 14, and 19 had moderate activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Lungu
- Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Svetlana Blaja
- Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Caleria Cucicova
- Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Alexandru Ciocarlan
- Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Alic Barba
- Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Veaceslav Kulcițki
- Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Sergiu Shova
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Vornicu
- Metropolitan Center of Research T.A.B.O.R., 9 Closca Str., 700066 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elisabeta-Irina Geana
- Department of Research and Development, National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI Rm., Valcea, 4th Uzinei Str., 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Aculina Aricu
- Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Academiei Str., 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
- Correspondence: or
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Krstulović L, Leventić M, Rastija V, Starčević K, Jirouš M, Janić I, Karnaš M, Lasić K, Bajić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. Novel 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole Hybrids as Inhibitors of Cancer Cells Growth: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, in Silico ADME Predictions, and Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020540. [PMID: 36677600 PMCID: PMC9866588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole compounds were synthesized and characterized by NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. These novel hybrids differ in the type of linker and in the substituent on the benzimidazole moiety. Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated on one non-tumor (MDCK1) and seven selected tumor (CaCo-2, MCF-7, CCRF-CEM, Hut78, THP-1, and Raji) cell lines by MTT test and flow cytometry analysis. The compounds with different types of linkers and an unsubstituted benzimidazole ring, 5d, 8d, and 12d, showed strong cytotoxic activity (the GI50 ranged from 0.4 to 8 µM) and effectively suppressed the cell cycle progression in the leukemia and lymphoma cells. After 24 h of treatment, compounds 5d and 12d induced the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as apoptosis in HuT78 cells. The drug-like properties and bioavailability of the compounds were calculated using the Swiss ADME web tool, and a molecular docking study was performed on tyrosine-protein kinase c-Src (PDB: 3G6H). Compound 12d showed good solubility and permeability and bound to c-Src with an energy of -119.99 kcal/mol, forming hydrogen bonds with Glu310 and Asp404 in the active site and other residues with van der Waals interactions. The results suggest that compound 12d could be a leading compound in the further design of effective antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (L.G.-O.)
| | - Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Starčević
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jirouš
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Janić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kornelija Lasić
- R&D, Pliva Croatia Ltd., TEVA Group Member, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (L.G.-O.)
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22
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Xiaohelaiti H, Wu W, Gao Y, Li S, Ma C. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-tumor Activity of Novel 2-Aryl Benzimidazole Compounds. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:1644-1651. [PMID: 37055901 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230411152115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a natural product isolated from the bark of the South African bush willow tree Combretum caffrum, which exerts tubulin inhibition, but its clinical application is limited due to poor stability and water solubility. 2-aryl benzimidazoles are excellent pharmacological skeletons with many activities, especially in tumor inhibition, and better pharmacokinetic properties. Several scaffold CA-4 analogs have been synthesized to date possessing antitumor activities. OBJECTIVE The benzimidazole was applied as the core moiety to replace the B ring and unstable linkage of CA-4, and the 5-aryl acetenyl group was introduced to improve the antitumor activity. MCF-7, A549, Caco-2, Siha, and Eca-109 tumor cell lines were used to study inhibition by these agents in vitro. METHODS The benzimidazole structure was constructed from the oxidation of o-nitroaniline and aldehyde and the following schemes, and the structural characterization was carried out. The antitumor effects were evaluated in vitro through MTT assay, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis assay. Molecular docking with tubulin (Protein ID: 1SA0) was analyzed for the structure-activity relationship. RESULTS Among these derivatives, 4a-4h series (with 6-methoxy group) compounds inhibited the tumor cell lines much stronger than the CA-4 and cisplatin, especially compound 4f showed prominently inhibitory activity in Siha cell with IC50 value as 0.61 μmol/L. The further assay showed that the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase as well verified in apoptosis assay. Molecular docking indicated that 4f had stronger affinity energy and hydrogen bond than CA-4. CONCLUSION The compound 4f has the potency to be used as an anti-tubulin agent and the 2-trimethoxyphenyl benzimidazole skeleton deserves further study as an antitumor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiti Xiaohelaiti
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenping Wu
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yiting Gao
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, 834000, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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23
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Rep Kaulić V, Racané L, Leventić M, Šubarić D, Rastija V, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation and QSAR Analysis of Novel Halogen- and Amidino-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzimidazoles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415843. [PMID: 36555479 PMCID: PMC9785280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntheses of 6-halogen-substituted benzothiazoles were performed by condensation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes and 2-aminotiophenoles and subsequent O-alkylation with appropriate halides, whereas 6-amidino-substituted benzothiazoles were synthesized by condensation of 5-amidino-2-aminothiophenoles and corresponding benzaldehydes. While most of the compounds from non-substituted and halogen-substituted benzothiazole series showed marginal antiproliferative activity on tested tumor cell lines, amidino benzazoles exhibited stronger inhibitory activity. Generally, imidazolyl benzothiazoles showed pronounced and nonselective activity, with the exception of 36c which had a strong inhibitory effect on HuT78 cells (IC50 = 1.6 µM) without adverse cytotoxicity on normal BJ cells (IC50 >100 µM). Compared to benzothiazoles, benzimidazole structural analogs 45a−45c and 46c containing the 1,2,3-triazole ring exhibited pronounced and selective antiproliferative activity against HuT78 cells with IC50 < 10 µM. Moreover, compounds 45c and 46c containing the methoxy group at the phenoxy unit were not toxic to normal BJ cells. Of all the tested compounds, benzimidazole 45a with the unsubstituted phenoxy central core showed the most pronounced cell growth inhibition on THP1 cells in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 0.8 µM; SI = 70). QSAR models of antiproliferative activity for benzazoles on T-cell lymphoma (HuT78) and non-tumor MDCK-1 cells elucidated the effects of the substituents at position 6 of benzazoles, demonstrating their dependence on the topological and spatial distribution of atomic mass, polarizability, and van der Waals volumes. A notable cell cycle perturbation with higher accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase, and a significant cell increase in subG0/G1 phase were found in HuT78 cells treated with 36c, 42c, 45a−45c and 46c. Apoptotic morphological changes, an externalization of phosphatidylserine, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential of treated cells were observed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rep Kaulić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (S.R.-M.)
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24
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Raducka A, Świątkowski M, Gobis K, Szymański P, Czylkowska A. In Silico ADME and Toxicity Prediction of Benzimidazole Derivatives and Its Cobalt Coordination Compounds. Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228011. [PMID: 36432108 PMCID: PMC9694894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the synthesis, three new solids, cobalt (II) coordination compounds with benzimidazole derivatives, and chlorides were obtained. The ligands that were used in the synthesis were specially synthesized and were commercially unavailable. During the synthesis, a single crystal of the complex with the L1 ligand was obtained and the crystal structure was refined. All coordination compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. All the obtained data allowed one to determine the formulas of the new compounds, as well as to determine the method of metal-ligand coordination. Thermal analysis allowed to know the temperature stability of the compounds, solids intermediate and final products of pyrolysis. Additionally, volatile decomposition and fragmentation products have been identified. The toxicity of the compounds and their bioavailability were determined using in silico methods. By predicting activity on cell lines, the potential use of compounds as chemotherapeutic agents has been specified. The blood-brain barrier crossing and the gastrointestinal absorption were defined. Pharmaceutical biodistribution was also simulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Raducka
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcin Świątkowski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 4 Kozielska St., 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czylkowska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.C.)
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25
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Kazachenko AS, Tanış E, Akman F, Medimagh M, Issaoui N, Al-Dossary O, Bousiakou LG, Kazachenko AS, Zimonin D, Skripnikov AM. A Comprehensive Study of N-Butyl-1H-Benzimidazole. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227864. [PMID: 36431965 PMCID: PMC9698437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole derivatives have found wide application in organic and medicinal chemistry. In particular, benzimidazoles have proven biological activity as antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor agents. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigated N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole. It has been shown that the presence of a butyl substituent in the N position does not significantly affect the conjugation and structural organization of benzimidazole. The optimized molecular parameters were performed by the DFT/B3LYP method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. This level of theory shows excellent concurrence with the experimental data. The non-covalent interactions that existed within our compound N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole were also analyzed by the AIM, RDG, ELF, and LOL topological methods. The color shades of the ELF and LOL maps confirm the presence of bonding and non-bonding electrons in N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole. From DFT calculations, various methods such as molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), Fukui functions, Mulliken atomic charges, and frontier molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) were characterized. Furthermore, UV-Vis absorption and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were calculated. It is shown that the experimental and theoretical spectra of N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole have a peak at 248 nm; in addition, the experimental spectrum has a peak near 295 nm. The NBO method shows that the delocalization of the aσ-electron from σ (C1-C2) is distributed into antibonding σ* (C1-C6), σ* (C1-N26), and σ* (C6-H11), which leads to stabilization energies of 4.63, 0.86, and 2.42 KJ/mol, respectively. Spectroscopic investigations of N-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole were carried out experimentally and theoretically to find FTIR vibrational spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S. Kazachenko
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.S.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50, Bld. 24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry with Courses in Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, St. Partizan Zheleznyak, Bld. 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (F.A.)
| | - Emine Tanış
- Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 40100, Turkey
| | - Feride Akman
- Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, University of Bingöl, Bingöl 12000, Turkey
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (F.A.)
| | - Mouna Medimagh
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics (LR18ES18), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Issaoui
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics (LR18ES18), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Omar Al-Dossary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leda G. Bousiakou
- IMD Laboratories Co., R&D Section, Lefkippos Technology Park, NCSR Demokritos, P.O. Box 60037, 15130 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna S. Kazachenko
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.S.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50, Bld. 24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Zimonin
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.S.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50, Bld. 24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey M. Skripnikov
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (A.S.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50, Bld. 24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Ullah H, Khan S, Rahim F, Taha M, Iqbal R, Sarfraz M, Shah SAA, Sajid M, Awad MF, Omran A, Albalawi MA, Abdelaziz MA, Al Areefy A, Jafri I. Benzimidazole Bearing Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Act as Potent α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors; Synthesis, Bioactivity Screening and Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206921. [PMID: 36296520 PMCID: PMC9609971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic metabolic diseases. In the past few years, our research group has synthesized and evaluated libraries of heterocyclic analogs against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and found encouraging results. The current study comprises the evaluation of benzimidazole-bearing thiosemicarbazone as antidiabetic agents. A library of fifteen derivatives (7-21) was synthesized, characterized via different spectroscopic techniques such as HREI-MS, NMR, and screened against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. All derivatives exhibited excellent to good biological inhibitory potentials. Derivatives 19 (IC50 = 1.30 ± 0.20 µM and 1.20 ± 0.20 µM) and 20 (IC50 = 1.60 ± 0.20 µM and 1.10 ± 0.01 µM) were found to be the most potent among the series when compared with standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 11.29 ± 0.07 and 11.12 ± 0.15 µM, respectively). These derivatives may potentially serve as the lead candidates for the development of new therapeutic representatives. The structure-activity relationship was carried out for all molecules which are mainly based upon the pattern of substituent/s on phenyl rings. Moreover, in silico docking studies were carried out to investigate the active binding mode of selected derivatives with the target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (F.R.)
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (F.R.)
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Toba Tek Singh, Punjab 36050, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Omran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza Al Areefy
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Science Collage, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Home Economics, Nutrition & Food Science Department, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo 11281, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Hussain R, Ullah H, Rahim F, Sarfraz M, Taha M, Iqbal R, Rehman W, Khan S, Shah SAA, Hyder S, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS, Abdulaziz O, Abdelaziz MA. Multipotent Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Synthesis, Biological Analysis and Molecular Docking Study of Benzimidazole-Based Thiazole Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:6087. [PMID: 36144820 PMCID: PMC9504419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four analogues of benzimidazole-based thiazoles (1-24) were synthesized and assessed for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory potential. All analogues were found to exhibit good inhibitory potential against cholinesterase enzymes, having IC50 values in the ranges of 0.10 ± 0.05 to 11.10 ± 0.30 µM (for AChE) and 0.20 ± 0.050 µM to 14.20 ± 0.10 µM (for BuChE) as compared to the standard drug Donepezil (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 and 4.5 ± 0.11 µM, respectively). Among the series, analogues 16 and 21 were found to be the most potent inhibitors of AChE and BuChE enzymes. The number (s), types, electron-donating or -withdrawing effects and position of the substituent(s) on the both phenyl rings B & C were the primary determinants of the structure-activity relationship (SAR). In order to understand how the most active derivatives interact with the amino acids in the active site of the enzyme, molecular docking studies were conducted. The results obtained supported the experimental data. Additionally, the structures of all newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by using several spectroscopic methods like 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and HR EIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Toba Tek Singh, Punjab 36050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Vázquez-Jiménez LK, Juárez-Saldivar A, Gómez-Escobedo R, Delgado-Maldonado T, Méndez-Álvarez D, Palos I, Bandyopadhyay D, Gaona-Lopez C, Ortiz-Pérez E, Nogueda-Torres B, Ramírez-Moreno E, Rivera G. Ligand-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking of Benzimidazoles as Potential Inhibitors of Triosephosphate Isomerase Identified New Trypanocidal Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710047. [PMID: 36077439 PMCID: PMC9456061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is a parasite that affects humans and other mammals. T. cruzi depends on glycolysis as a source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply, and triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) plays a key role in this metabolic pathway. This enzyme is an attractive target for the design of new trypanocidal drugs. In this study, a ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) from the ZINC15 database using benzimidazole as a scaffold was accomplished. Later, a molecular docking on the interface of T. cruzi TIM (TcTIM) was performed and the compounds were grouped by interaction profiles. Subsequently, a selection of compounds was made based on cost and availability for in vitro evaluation against blood trypomastigotes. Finally, the compounds were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation, and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were determined using SwissADME software. A total of 1604 molecules were obtained as potential TcTIM inhibitors. BP2 and BP5 showed trypanocidal activity with half-maximal lytic concentration (LC50) values of 155.86 and 226.30 µM, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyzes showed a favorable docking score of BP5 compound on TcTIM. Additionally, BP5 showed a low docking score (−5.9 Kcal/mol) on human TIM compared to the control ligand (−7.2 Kcal/mol). Both compounds BP2 and BP5 showed good physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties as new anti-T. cruzi agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenci K Vázquez-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Juárez-Saldivar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Gómez-Escobedo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Domingo Méndez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Isidro Palos
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Rodhe, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa 88779, Mexico
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and SEEMS, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Carlos Gaona-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Eyra Ortiz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
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Purushottamachar P, Thomas E, Thankan RS, Rudchenko V, Huang G, Njar VCO. Large-scale synthesis of galeterone and lead next generation galeterone analog VNPP433-3β. Steroids 2022; 185:109062. [PMID: 35690119 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
VNPP433-3β (compound 2, (3β-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)-androsta-5,16-diene), a multitarget anticancer agent has emerged as our lead next generation galeterone analogs (NGGA). Here, we describe a large multi-gram (92 g) scale synthesis of compound 2 starting from the commercially available dehydroepiandrosterone-3-acetate (DHEA, 6) via Galeterone (Gal, 1), in 8 steps with a 26% overall yield and 99.5% purity. The overall yield for the synthesis of Gal from DHEA improved from previously reported 47% to 59%. The advantages of this synthesis are as follows: (1) In the first two steps of Scheme 2, the change of solvents and reagents enabled the isolation of compounds 7 and 8 from heptane triturations, as column chromatography was eliminated in both steps. (2) In step 3 (deformylation) the catalyst required was reduced from 50% to 10% (wt/wt) of compound 8 which enable easy purification of compound 9, with modest increased yield. (3) The fourth step to produce Gal (1) was improved by using methanol, eliminating the use of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane, solvent which may be a problem as residual solvent contaminant. (4) In the final step 8, the imidazole-ring formation, inexpensive glyoxal (40% aqueous solution) was used in the reaction instead of expensive glyoxal trimer dihydrate. The structure of the target product (2, VNPP433-3β) was established by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Gal and VNPP433-3β exhibit more potent antiproliferative activities against CWR22Rv1 human prostate cancer cells compared to clinical drugs, Abiraterone and Enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puranik Purushottamachar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Retheesh S Thankan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Flavocure Biotech, 701 E. Pratt Street, Suite 2033, Baltimore MD 21202, USA; Isoprene pharmaceuticals, Inc., 875 Hollins Street, Suite 102D, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vladimir Rudchenko
- Alchem Laboratories Corporation. 13305 Rachael Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Guangfei Huang
- Alchem Laboratories Corporation. 13305 Rachael Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Vincent C O Njar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Isoprene pharmaceuticals, Inc., 875 Hollins Street, Suite 102D, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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30
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Fu J, Yue Y, Liu K, Wang S, Zhang Y, Su Q, Gu Q, Lin F, Zhang Y. PTSA-catalyzed selective synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. Mol Divers 2022; 27:873-887. [PMID: 35718840 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a convenient and efficient method via protonation of p-toluenesulfonic acid promoted cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes for selectively synthesizing 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. This method displayed broad substrate adaptability and afforded the desired products in moderate to excellent yield in short reaction time. The effect of different substituents on the yield was investigated by extending optimum reaction conditions, which was further confirmed by theoretical calculations. It suggested that the surface electrostatic potential of oxygen atom and nitrogen atom on the substrates played important role in the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. Besides, the crystal structure of compound 2t in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)/c was presented. Also, the anti-mycolicibacterium smegmatis (MC2155) activity was evaluated using rifampicin as a positive control. The products (2a, 2b, 2c, 2i, 2j, 2k, 2m) showed good antibacterial activities which were comparable to rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandong Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Saeedian Moghadam E, Al-Sadi AM, Talebi M, Amanlou M, Amini M, Abdel-Jalil R. Novel benzimidazole derivatives; synthesis, bioactivity and molecular docking study as potent urease inhibitors. Daru 2022; 30:29-37. [PMID: 35040104 PMCID: PMC9114190 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzimidazole derivatives are widely used to design and synthesize novel bioactive compounds. There are several approved benzimidazole-based drugs on the market. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to design and synthesize a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives 8a-n that are urease inhibitors. METHODS All 8a-n were synthesized in a multistep. To determine the urease inhibitory effect of 8a-n, the urease inhibition kit was used. The cytotoxicity assay of 8a-n was determined using MTT method. Molecular modelling was determined using autodock software. RESULTS All 8a-n were synthesized in high yield, and their structures were determined using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. In compared to thiourea and hydroxyurea as standards (IC50: 22 and 100 µM, respectively), all 8a-n had stronger urease inhibition activity (IC50: 3.36-10.81 µM). With an IC50 value of 3.36 µM, 8e had the best enzyme inhibitory activity. On two evaluated cell lines, the MTT cytotoxicity experiment revealed that all 8a-n have IC50 values greater than 50 µM. Finally, a docking investigation revealed a plausible way of interaction between the 8e and 8d and the enzyme's active site's key residues. CONCLUSION The synthesized benzimidazole derivatives exhibit high activity, suggesting that further research on this family of compounds would be beneficial to finding a potent urease inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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Baron A, Sann CL, Mann J. Symmetric bis-benzimidazoles as DNA minor groove-binding agents with anti-tumour and antibacterial activity, and the evolution of the drug ridinilazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 58:116656. [PMID: 35183028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a range of symmetrical bis-benzimidazoles (BBZ) which possess anticancer and antibacterial activities. One of these BBZs has specific activity against Clostridium difficile and is currently in a phase 3 clinical evaluation as the drug ridinilazole. X-ray and computer modelling studies showed that BBZs typically exhibit high specificity for oligonucleotide sequences that occur in the minor groove of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Baron
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Christine Le Sann
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - John Mann
- School of Chemistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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Du HC, Chen YC, Huang H. DNA-Compatible Nitro Reduction and Synthesis of Benzimidazoles. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2541:67-73. [PMID: 36083546 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2545-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A key factor for productive DNA-encoded libraries is the chemical diversity of the small molecule moiety attached to an encoding DNA oligomer. The library structure diversity is often limited to DNA-compatible chemical reactions in aqueous media. Herein, we describe a facile process for reducing aryl nitro groups to aryl amines by using sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4). The new protocol offers simple operation and circumvents the pyrophoric potential of the conventional method (Raney nickel). The utility of this method is demonstrated by the versatile synthesis of benzimidazoles on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chi Du
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying-Chu Chen
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongbing Huang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Betancourt-Conde I, Avitia-Domínguez C, Hernández-Campos A, Castillo R, Yépez-Mulia L, Oria-Hernández J, Méndez ST, Sierra-Campos E, Valdez-Solana M, Martínez-Caballero S, Hermoso JA, Romo-Mancillas A, Téllez-Valencia A. Benzimidazole Derivatives as New and Selective Inhibitors of Arginase from Leishmania mexicana with Biological Activity against Promastigotes and Amastigotes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413613. [PMID: 34948408 PMCID: PMC8705706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus that affects 98 countries worldwide, 2 million of new cases occur each year and more than 350 million people are at risk. The use of the actual treatments is limited due to toxicity concerns and the apparition of resistance strains. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to find new drugs for the treatment of this disease. In this context, enzymes from the polyamine biosynthesis pathway, such as arginase, have been considered a good target. In the present work, a chemical library of benzimidazole derivatives was studied performing computational, enzyme kinetics, biological activity, and cytotoxic effect characterization, as well as in silico ADME-Tox predictions, to find new inhibitors for arginase from Leishmania mexicana (LmARG). The results show that the two most potent inhibitors (compounds 1 and 2) have an I50 values of 52 μM and 82 μM, respectively. Moreover, assays with human arginase 1 (HsARG) show that both compounds are selective for LmARG. According to molecular dynamics simulation studies these inhibitors interact with important residues for enzyme catalysis. Biological activity assays demonstrate that both compounds have activity against promastigote and amastigote, and low cytotoxic effect in murine macrophages. Finally, in silico prediction of their ADME-Tox properties suggest that these inhibitors support the characteristics to be considered drug candidates. Altogether, the results reported in our study suggest that the benzimidazole derivatives are an excellent starting point for design new drugs against leishmanisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Betancourt-Conde
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Avitia-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (C.A.-D.); (A.T.-V.); Tel.: +52-618-812-1687 (A.T.-V.)
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-C.); (R.C.)
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-C.); (R.C.)
| | - Lilián Yépez-Mulia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Oria-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.O.-H.); (S.T.M.)
| | - Sara T. Méndez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.O.-H.); (S.T.M.)
| | - Erick Sierra-Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico; (E.S.-C.); (M.V.-S.)
| | - Mónica Valdez-Solana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico; (E.S.-C.); (M.V.-S.)
| | - Siseth Martínez-Caballero
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-C.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Juan A. Hermoso
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto Química-Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-C.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Antonio Romo-Mancillas
- Laboratorio de Diseño Asistido por Computadora y Síntesis de Fármacos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Téllez-Valencia
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (C.A.-D.); (A.T.-V.); Tel.: +52-618-812-1687 (A.T.-V.)
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Voronin MV, Kadnikov IA, Zainullina LF, Logvinov IO, Verbovaya ER, Antipova TA, Vakhitova YV, Seredenin SB. Neuroprotective Properties of Quinone Reductase 2 Inhibitor M-11, a 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13061. [PMID: 34884863 PMCID: PMC8658107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of NQO2 to increase the production of free radicals under enhanced generation of quinone derivatives of catecholamines is considered to be a component of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of original NQO2 inhibitor M-11 (2-[2-(3-oxomorpholin-4-il)-ethylthio]-5-ethoxybenzimidazole hydrochloride) in a cellular damage model using NQO2 endogenous substrate adrenochrome (125 µM) and co-substrate BNAH (100 µM). The effects of M-11 (10-100 µM) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis and lesion of nuclear DNA were evaluated using flow cytometry and single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Results were compared with S29434, the reference inhibitor of NQO2. It was found that treatment of HT-22 cells with M-11 results in a decline of ROS production triggered by incubation of cells with NQO2 substrate and co-substrate. Pre-incubation of HT-22 cells with compounds M-11 or S29434 results in a decrease of DNA damage and late apoptotic cell percentage reduction. The obtained results provide a rationale for further development of the M-11 compound as a potential neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (L.F.Z.); (I.O.L.); (E.R.V.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Ilya A. Kadnikov
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (L.F.Z.); (I.O.L.); (E.R.V.); (T.A.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yulia V. Vakhitova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (L.F.Z.); (I.O.L.); (E.R.V.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Sergei B. Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology”, Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (L.F.Z.); (I.O.L.); (E.R.V.); (T.A.A.)
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Ivan BC, Dumitrascu F, Anghel AI, Ancuceanu RV, Shova S, Dumitrescu D, Draghici C, Olaru OT, Nitulescu GM, Dinu M, Barbuceanu SF. Synthesis and Toxicity Evaluation of New Pyrroles Obtained by the Reaction of Activated Alkynes with 1-Methyl-3-(cyanomethyl)benzimidazolium Bromide. Molecules 2021; 26:6435. [PMID: 34770844 PMCID: PMC8587665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new pyrrole derivatives were designed as chemical analogs of the 1,4-dihydropyridines drugs in order to develop future new calcium channel blockers. The new tri- and tetra-substituted N-arylpyrroles were synthesized by the one-pot reaction of 1-methyl-3-cyanomethyl benzimidazolium bromide with substituted alkynes having at least one electron-withdrawing substituent, in 1,2-epoxybutane, acting both as the solvent and reagent to generate the corresponding benzimidazolium N3-ylide. The structural characterization of the new substituted pyrroles was based on IR, NMR spectroscopy as well as on single crystal X-ray analysis. The toxicity of the new compounds was assessed on the plant cell using Triticum aestivum L. species and on the animal cell using Artemia franciscana Kellogg and Daphnia magna Straus crustaceans. The compounds showed minimal phytotoxicity on Triticum rootlets and virtually no acute toxicity on Artemia nauplii, while on Daphnia magna, it induced moderate to high toxicity, similar to nifedipine. Our research indicates that the newly synthetized pyrrole derivatives are promising molecules with biological activity and low acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice-Cristina Ivan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (B.-C.I.); (A.I.A.); (R.V.A.); (G.M.N.); (M.D.); (S.-F.B.)
| | - Florea Dumitrascu
- “Costin D. Nenitescu” Center of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independenței, 060023 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adriana Iuliana Anghel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (B.-C.I.); (A.I.A.); (R.V.A.); (G.M.N.); (M.D.); (S.-F.B.)
| | - Robert Viorel Ancuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (B.-C.I.); (A.I.A.); (R.V.A.); (G.M.N.); (M.D.); (S.-F.B.)
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Denisa Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University Constanta, Cpt. Av. Al. Serbanescu Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Constantin Draghici
- “Costin D. Nenitescu” Center of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Splaiul Independenței, 060023 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (B.-C.I.); (A.I.A.); (R.V.A.); (G.M.N.); (M.D.); (S.-F.B.)
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (B.-C.I.); (A.I.A.); (R.V.A.); (G.M.N.); (M.D.); (S.-F.B.)
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (B.-C.I.); (A.I.A.); (R.V.A.); (G.M.N.); (M.D.); (S.-F.B.)
| | - Stefania-Felicia Barbuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (B.-C.I.); (A.I.A.); (R.V.A.); (G.M.N.); (M.D.); (S.-F.B.)
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Weng PW, Yadav VK, Pikatan NW, Fong IH, Lin IH, Yeh CT, Lee WH. Novel NFκB Inhibitor SC75741 Mitigates Chondrocyte Degradation and Prevents Activated Fibroblast Transformation by Modulating miR-21/GDF-5/SOX5 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11082. [PMID: 34681754 PMCID: PMC8538686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common articular disease manifested by the destruction of cartilage and compromised chondrogenesis in the aging population, with chronic inflammation of synovium, which drives OA progression. Importantly, the activated synovial fibroblast (AF) within the synovium facilitates OA through modulating key molecules, including regulatory microRNAs (miR's). To understand OA associated pathways, in vitro co-culture system, and in vivo papain-induced OA model were applied for this study. The expression of key inflammatory markers both in tissue and blood plasma were examined by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assays. Herein, our result demonstrated, AF-activated human chondrocytes (AC) exhibit elevated NFκB, TNF-α, IL-6, and miR-21 expression as compared to healthy chondrocytes (HC). Importantly, AC induced the apoptosis of HC and inhibited the expression of chondrogenesis inducers, SOX5, TGF-β1, and GDF-5. NFκB is a key inflammatory transcription factor elevated in OA. Therefore, SC75741 (an NFκB inhibitor) therapeutic effect was explored. SC75741 inhibits inflammatory profile, protects AC-educated HC from apoptosis, and inhibits miR-21 expression, which results in the induced expression of GDF-5, SOX5, TGF-β1, BMPR2, and COL4A1. Moreover, ectopic miR-21 expression in fibroblast-like activated chondrocytes promoted osteoblast-mediated differentiation of osteoclasts in RW264.7 cells. Interestingly, in vivo study demonstrated SC75741 protective role, in controlling the destruction of the articular joint, through NFκB, TNF-α, IL-6, and miR-21 inhibition, and inducing GDF-5, SOX5, TGF-β1, BMPR2, and COL4A1 expression. Our study demonstrated the role of NFκB/miR-21 axis in OA progression, and SC75741's therapeutic potential as a small-molecule inhibitor of miR-21/NFκB-driven OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (N.W.P.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Narpati Wesa Pikatan
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (N.W.P.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (N.W.P.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (N.W.P.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (V.K.Y.); (N.W.P.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
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Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Rogala P, Czerwonka G, Gałczyńska K, Drabik M, Dańczuk M. Ruthenium Complexes with 2-Pyridin-2-yl-1 H-benzimidazole as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Correlation between Chemical Properties and Anti-Biofilm Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10113. [PMID: 34576276 PMCID: PMC8471145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern that requires urgent action. Biofilm-associated resistance to antimicrobials begins at the attachment phase and increases as the biofilms maturate. Hence, interrupting the initial binding process of bacteria to surfaces is essential to effectively prevent biofilm-associated problems. Herein, we have evaluated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of three ruthenium complexes in different oxidation states with 2-pyridin-2-yl-1H-benzimidazole (L1 = 2,2'-PyBIm): [(η6-p-cymene)RuIIClL1]PF6 (Ru(II) complex), mer-[RuIIICl3(CH3CN)L1]·L1·3H2O (Ru(III) complex), (H2L1)2[RuIIICl4(CH3CN)2]2[RuIVCl4(CH3CN)2]·2Cl·6H2O (Ru(III/IV) complex). The biological activity of the compounds was screened against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The results indicated that the anti-biofilm activity of the Ru complexes at concentration of 1 mM was better than that of the ligand alone against the P. aeruginosa PAO1. It means that ligand, in combination with ruthenium ion, shows a synergistic effect. The effect of the Ru complexes on cell surface properties was determined by the contact angle and zeta potential values. The electric and physical properties of the microbial surface are useful tools for the examined aggregation phenomenon and disruption of the adhesion. Considering that intermolecular interactions are important and largely define the functions of compounds, we examined interactions in the crystals of the Ru complexes using the Hirshfeld surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Gałczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Marcin Drabik
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dańczuk
- Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 7 Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave., 25-314 Kielce, Poland;
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Staniszewska M, Kuryk Ł, Gryciuk A, Kawalec J, Rogalska M, Baran J, Kowalkowska A. The Antifungal Action Mode of N-Phenacyldibromobenzimidazoles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185463. [PMID: 34576932 PMCID: PMC8465355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to characterise the action mode of N-phenacyldibromobenzimidazoles against C. albicans and C. neoformans. Firstly, we selected the non-cytotoxic most active benzimidazoles based on the structure–activity relationships showing that the group of 5,6-dibromobenzimidazole derivatives are less active against C. albicans vs. 4,6-dibromobenzimidazole analogues (5e–f and 5h). The substitution of chlorine atoms to the benzene ring of the N-phenacyl substituent extended the anti-C. albicans action (5e with 2,4-Cl2 or 5f with 3,4-Cl2). The excellent results for N-phenacyldibromobenzimidazole 5h against the C. albicans reference and clinical isolate showed IC50 = 8 µg/mL and %I = 100 ± 3, respectively. Compound 5h was fungicidal against the C. neoformans isolate. Compound 5h at 160–4 µg/mL caused irreversible damage of the fungal cell membrane and accidental cell death (ACD). We reported on chitinolytic activity of 5h, in accordance with the patterns observed for the following substrates: 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide and 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-N,N′,N″-triacetylchitothiose. Derivative 5h at 16 µg/mL: (1) it affected cell wall by inducing β-d-glucanase, (2) it caused morphological distortions and (3) osmotic instability in the C. albicans biofilm-treated. Compound 5h exerted Candida-dependent inhibition of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Staniszewska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland;
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Lars Sonckin Kaari 14, Espoo Stella Luna Business Park, 02600 Espoo, Finland
| | - Aleksander Gryciuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (J.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Joanna Kawalec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (J.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Marta Rogalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (J.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Joanna Baran
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (J.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Kowalkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (J.K.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (A.K.)
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Racané L, Zlatar I, Perin N, Cindrić M, Radovanović V, Banjanac M, Shanmugam S, Stojković MR, Brajša K, Hranjec M. Biological Activity of Newly Synthesized Benzimidazole and Benzothizole 2,5-Disubstituted Furane Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164935. [PMID: 34443523 PMCID: PMC8401404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly designed and synthesized cyano, amidino and acrylonitrile 2,5-disubstituted furane derivatives with either benzimidazole/benzothiazole nuclei have been evaluated for antitumor and antimicrobial activity. For potential antitumor activity, the compounds were tested in 2D and 3D cell culture methods on three human lung cancer cell lines, A549, HCC827 and NCI-H358, with MTS cytotoxicity and BrdU proliferation assays in vitro. Compounds 5, 6, 8, 9 and 15 have been proven to be compounds with potential antitumor activity with high potential to stop the proliferation of cells. In general, benzothiazole derivatives were more active in comparison to benzimidazole derivatives. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated with Broth microdilution testing (according to CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines) on Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was included in testing as a eukaryotic model organism. Compounds 5, 6, 8, 9 and 15 showed the most promising antibacterial activity. In general, the compounds showed antitumor activity, higher in 2D assays in comparison with 3D assays, on all three cell lines in both assays. In natural conditions, compounds with such an activity profile (less toxic but still effective against tumor growth) could be promising new antitumor drugs. Some of the tested compounds showed antimicrobial activity. In contrast to ctDNA, the presence of nitro group or chlorine in selected furane-benzothiazole structures did not influence the binding mode with AT-DNA. All compounds dominantly bound inside the minor groove of AT-DNA either in form of monomers or dimer and higher-order aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivo Zlatar
- Pharmacology In Vitro, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Z.); (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Nataša Perin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Maja Cindrić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Vedrana Radovanović
- Pharmacology In Vitro, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Z.); (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Mihailo Banjanac
- Pharmacology In Vitro, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Z.); (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Suresh Shanmugam
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Karmen Brajša
- Pharmacology In Vitro, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Z.); (V.R.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (M.H.); Tel.: +385-1-4597245 (M.H.)
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (M.H.); Tel.: +385-1-4597245 (M.H.)
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Khan IA, Ahmad M, Ashfaq UA, Sultan S, Zaki ME. Discovery of Amide-Functionalized Benzimidazolium Salts as Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164760. [PMID: 34443347 PMCID: PMC8400806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are used as medicines for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The α-Glucosidase enzyme is present in the small intestine and is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars. The process results in an increase in blood sugar levels. AGIs slow down the digestion of carbohydrates that is helpful in controlling the sugar levels in the blood after meals. Among heterocyclic compounds, benzimidazole moiety is recognized as a potent bioactive scaffold for its wide range of biologically active derivatives. The aim of this study is to explore the α-glucosidase inhibition ability of benzimidazolium salts. In this study, two novel series of benzimidazolium salts, i.e., 1-benzyl-3-{2-(substituted) amino-2-oxoethyl}-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium bromide 9a–m and 1-benzyl-3-{2-substituted) amino-2-oxoethyl}-2-methyl-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-3-ium bromide 10a–m were screened for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. These compounds were synthesized through a multistep procedure and were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EI-MS techniques. Compound 10d was identified as the potent α-glucosidase inhibitor among the series with an IC50 value of 14 ± 0.013 μM, which is 4-fold higher than the standard drug, acarbose. In addition, compounds 10a, 10e, 10h, 10g, 10k, 10l, and 10m also exhibited pronounced potential for α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 value ranging from 15 ± 0.037 to 32.27 ± 0.050 µM when compared with the reference drug acarbose (IC50 = 58.8 ± 0.12 μM). A molecular docking study was performed to rationalize the binding interactions of potent inhibitors with the active site of the α-glucosidase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (S.S.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (S.S.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| | - Magdi E.A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (S.S.); (M.E.A.Z.)
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Pereira IV, de Freitas MP. Double focus in the modelling of anti-influenza properties of 2-iminobenzimidazolines: pharmacology and toxicology. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2021; 32:643-654. [PMID: 34282674 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1950832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza affects millions of people globally and the appearance of drug-resistant strains is an ongoing problem. Therefore, this work reports the development of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict some biological properties of new 2-iminobenzimidazoline candidates for the treatment of the flu. A series of 2-iminobenzimidazoline derivatives with experimentally available values for cytotoxicity (pCC50) and anti-influenza activity (pIC50) was used for multivariate image analysis applied to QSAR (MIA-QSAR). The models were vigorously validated according to the best practices in QSAR and the chemical features responsible for the response variables were analysed based on MIA-plots, which assess the PLS regression coefficients and variable importance in projection scores. MIA descriptors encoding atomic properties (van der Waals radius and electronegativity) were capable of properly modelling the pCC50 and pIC50 data. The internally and externally validated models were used to predict the selectivity indexes (SI = pCC50/pIC50) of unprecedented analogues, which were designed upon analysis of the MIA-plots that show the substituent groups most affecting the biological data and by the combination of substructures of selected molecules. At least three promising anti-influenza candidates could be proposed from the predictive MIA-QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - M P de Freitas
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Qian Y, Zhang J, Xu R, Li Q, Shen Q, Zhu G. Nanoparticles based on polymers modified with pH-sensitive molecular switch and low molecular weight heparin carrying Celastrol and ferrocene for breast cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2215-2226. [PMID: 34097964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis is still one of the obstacles in clinical treatment, while highly-effective cancer drugs usually cannot be used for their hydrophobicity and comprehensive system toxicity. This study built a kind of pH-sensitive nanoparticles (PP/H NPs) constructed by poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) modified with β-cyclodextrin (PLGA-β-CD), polyethyleneimine grafted with benzimidazole (PEI-BM) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to delivery Celastrol (Cela) and ferrocene (Fc) for breast cancer therapy. PLGA-β-CD and PEI-BM were synthesized by amidation reaction, the amphipathic polymer nanoparticles with 108.37 ± 1.02 nm were self-assembled in water. After PP/H NPs treatment, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) decreased by 91% compared with Cela, and ROS level was also elevated. PP/H NPs led to substantial tumor inhibiting rate (TIR, 65.86%), utilized LMWH to strengthen the anti-metastasis effect of PP/H NPs. PP/H NPs took advantage of exogenous chemotherapeutics and endogenous ROS to inhibit tumor growth, and combined with LMWH to hinder breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Fritzwanker S, Schulz S, Kliewer A. SR-17018 Stimulates Atypical µ-Opioid Receptor Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation. Molecules 2021; 26:4509. [PMID: 34361663 PMCID: PMC8348759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid-associated overdoses and deaths due to respiratory depression are a major public health problem in the US and other Western countries. In the past decade, much research effort has been directed towards the development of G-protein-biased µ-opioid receptor (MOP) agonists as a possible means to circumvent this problem. The bias hypothesis proposes that G-protein signaling mediates analgesia, whereas ß-arrestin signaling mediates respiratory depression. SR-17018 was initially reported as a highly biased µ-opioid with an extremely wide therapeutic window. It was later shown that SR-17018 can also reverse morphine tolerance and prevent withdrawal via a hitherto unknown mechanism of action. Here, we examined the temporal dynamics of SR-17018-induced MOP phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Exposure of MOP to saturating concentrations of SR-17018 for extended periods of time stimulated a MOP phosphorylation pattern that was indistinguishable from that induced by the full agonist DAMGO. Unlike DAMGO-induced MOP phosphorylation, which is reversible within minutes after agonist washout, SR-17018-induced MOP phosphorylation persisted for hours under otherwise identical conditions. Such delayed MOP dephosphorylation kinetics were also found for the partial agonist buprenorphine. However, buprenorphine, SR-17018-induced MOP phosphorylation was fully reversible when naloxone was included in the washout solution. SR-17018 exhibits a qualitative and temporal MOP phosphorylation profile that is strikingly different from any other known biased, partial, or full MOP agonist. We conclude that detailed analysis of receptor phosphorylation may provide novel insights into previously unappreciated pharmacological properties of newly synthesized MOP ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Andrea Kliewer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany;
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Zha GF, Preetham HD, Rangappa S, Sharath Kumar KS, Girish YR, Rakesh KP, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Rangappa KS. Benzimidazole analogues as efficient arsenals in war against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105175. [PMID: 34298242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule based inhibitors development is a growing field in medicinal chemistry. In recent years, different heterocyclic derivatives have been designed to counter the infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. Indeed, small molecule inhibitors can be employed as an efficient antibacterial agents with different mechanism of action. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming lethal to mankind due to easy transmission mode, rapid resistance development to existing antibiotics and affect difficult-to-treat skin and filmsy diseases. Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds which have capability to fight against MRSA. High biocompatibility of benzimidazoles, synergistic behaviour with antibiotics and their tunable physico-chemical properties attracted the researchers to develop new benzimidazole based antibacterial agents. The present review focus on recent developments of benzimidazole-hybrid molecules as anti MRSA agents and the results of in-vitro and in-vivo studies with possible mechanism of action and discussing structure-activity relationship (SAR) in different directions. Benzimdazoles act as DNA binding agents, enzyme inhibitors, anti-biofilm agents and showed synergistic effect with available antibiotics to achieve antibacterial activity against MRSA. This cumulative figures would help to design new benzimidazole-based MRSA growth inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Zha
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhan 518107, China.
| | - Habbanakuppe D Preetham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagar, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District 571448, India
| | | | - Yarabahally R Girish
- Centre for Research and Innovations, School of Natural Sciences, BGSIT, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, Mandya, 571448, India
| | - Kadalipura P Rakesh
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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Li J, Guo M, Wang Y, Ye B, Chen Y, Yang X. Preparation of biological sustained-release nanocapsules and explore on algae-killing properties. J Adv Res 2021; 31:87-96. [PMID: 34194834 PMCID: PMC8240354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Green algae seriously affect the quality and yield of Torreya grandis, it is important to explore new, environmentally friendly ways to control it. Objectives The present study aimed at preparing sustained-release algae-killing nanocapsules without pollution to the environment. Methods In this work, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), sodium alginate (SA), and chitosan (CTS) were used as raw materials in acylation reaction with the photosensitive catalytic material iron octaaminophthalocyanine (T) to generate the photoactive bio-based materials T-CMC, T-SA, and T-CMCS. Cinnamaldehyde and 2-aminobenzimidazole were combined using chemical grafting to produce a new algicide, and then formed nanocapsules by phase separation. The molecular structure of products was characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR). The particle size of the nanocapsules was determined by Zeta particle size analysis and TEM; DSC was used to investigate the thermal stability; The encapsulation efficiency and sustained-release performance were determined by HPLC. Then the phytotoxic of the new algicide was measured. Results The bio-based nanocapsules was successfully synthesized, which had a particle size of 10-30 nm and was stable at 40 °C. The encapsulation efficiency of the nanocapsules was 48.77%, the cumulative release rate was 83%, and the new algicide killed the green algae in a dose-dependent way. Conclusions The bio-based nano capsule is a new and valuable Sustained-release capsule, which is the method of green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Li
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- College of Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- College of Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Bihuan Ye
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Youwu Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Xuejuan Yang
- College of Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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Chojnacki K, Wińska P, Karatsai O, Koronkiewicz M, Milner-Krawczyk M, Wielechowska M, Rędowicz MJ, Bretner M, Borowiecki P. Synthesis of Novel Acyl Derivatives of 3-(4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-1 H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-1-ols-Intracellular TBBi-Based CK2 Inhibitors with Proapoptotic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6261. [PMID: 34200807 PMCID: PMC8230474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 has been considered as an attractive drug target for anti-cancer therapy. The synthesis of N-hydroxypropyl TBBi and 2MeTBBi derivatives as well as their respective esters was carried out by using chemoenzymatic methods. Concomitantly with kinetic studies toward recombinant CK2, the influence of the obtained compounds on the viability of two human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) was evaluated using MTT assay. Additionally, an intracellular inhibition of CK2 as well as an induction of apoptosis in the examined cells after the treatment with the most active compounds were studied by Western blot analysis, phase-contrast microscopy and flow cytometry method. The results of the MTT test revealed potent cytotoxic activities for most of the newly synthesized compounds (EC50 4.90 to 32.77 µM), corresponding to their solubility in biological media. We concluded that derivatives with the methyl group decrease the viability of both cell lines more efficiently than their non-methylated analogs. Furthermore, inhibition of CK2 in breast cancer cells treated with the tested compounds at the concentrations equal to their EC50 values correlates well with their lipophilicity since derivatives with higher values of logP are more potent intracellular inhibitors of CK2 with better proapoptotic properties than their parental hydroxyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Chojnacki
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (O.K.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Mirosława Koronkiewicz
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Milner-Krawczyk
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Monika Wielechowska
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (O.K.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Maria Bretner
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Paweł Borowiecki
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.M.-K.); (M.W.); (M.B.); (P.B.)
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Attwa MW, Darwish HW, Al-Shakliah NS, Kadi AA. A Validated LC-MS/MS Assay for the Simultaneous Quantification of the FDA-Approved Anticancer Mixture (Encorafenib and Binimetinib): Metabolic Stability Estimation. Molecules 2021; 26:2717. [PMID: 34063139 PMCID: PMC8125647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent use of oral encorafenib (Braftovi, ENF) and binimetinib (Mektovi, BNB) is a combination anticancer therapy approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for patients with BRAFV600E/V600K mutations suffering from metastatic or unresectable melanoma. Metabolism is considered one of the main pathways of drug elimination from the body (responsible for elimination of about 75% of known drugs), it is important to understand and study drug metabolic stability. Metabolically unstable compounds are not good as they required repetitive dosages during therapy, while very stable drugs may result in increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions. Metabolic stability of compounds could be examined using in vitro or in silico experiments. First, in silico metabolic vulnerability for ENF and BNB was investigated using the StarDrop WhichP450 module to confirm the lability of the drugs under study to liver metabolism. Second, we established an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of ENF and BNB applied to metabolic stability assessment. Third, in silico toxicity assessment of ENF and BNB was performed using the StarDrop DEREK module. Chromatographic separation of ENF, BNB, and avitinib (an internal standard) was achieved using an isocratic mobile phase on a Hypersil BDS C18 column. The linear range for ENF and BNB in the human liver microsome (HLM) matrix was 5-500 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.999). The metabolic stabilities were calculated using intrinsic clearance and in vitro half-life. Furthermore, ENF and BNB did not significantly influence each other's metabolic stability or metabolic disposition when used concurrently. These results indicate that ENF and BNB will slowly bioaccumulate after multiple doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (N.S.A.-S.); (A.A.K.)
- Students’ University Hospital, The Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (N.S.A.-S.); (A.A.K.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nasser S. Al-Shakliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (N.S.A.-S.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.); (N.S.A.-S.); (A.A.K.)
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Tariq Khan M, Nadeem H, Sheikh AS, Malik NS, Rizwan M, Imran M, Javed I, Munir MU, Khan AU, Syed A, Abbas M. Amino acid derivatives of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazoles suppress cytokines at the site of inflammation and block gastric H+/K+ ATPase. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1157-1163. [PMID: 34602446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Routinely used anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with off-target effects such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibition and gastric ulcers. The aim of this study is to examine the anti-inflammatory potential and gastroprotective effects of synthetic amino acid derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBAA1, MBAA2, MBAA3, MBAA4 and MBAA5). The results showed that compound MBAA5 possess a potential anti-inflammatory action by inhibition of 15-LOX and COX-2. MBAA5 also attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and COX-2) in rat hind paw in carrageenan-induced inflammatory model of rat. 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivative, MBAA5 also inhibited gastric H+/K+ ATPase and demonstrated a better selectivity index for COX-2 (SI 27.17) in comparison to celecoxib (SI 41.43). Molecular docking studies predicted the binding interactions of the synthesized compounds with retrieved target proteins of H+/K+ ATPase, COX-1, COX-2, and 15-LOX. The results of in silico and molecular docking analysis of amino acid derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles further explained their pharmacological activities. Moreover, these compounds presented better antimicrobial activity against three clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Together, our findings suggested that these synthetic 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives are safer therapeutic candidates for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad
| | - Ahmed Sadiq Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad
| | - Nadia Shamshad Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld, Australia
| | - Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad
| | - Akash Syed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Aroso RT, Guedes RC, Pereira MM. Synthesis of Computationally Designed 2,5(6)-Benzimidazole Derivatives via Pd-Catalyzed Reactions for Potential E. coli DNA Gyrase B Inhibition. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051326. [PMID: 33801316 PMCID: PMC7958342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A pharmacophore model for inhibitors of Escherichia coli’s DNA Gyrase B was developed, using computer-aided drug design. Subsequently, docking studies showed that 2,5(6)-substituted benzimidazole derivatives are promising molecules, as they possess key hydrogen bond donor/acceptor groups for an efficient interaction with this bacterial target. Furthermore, 5(6)-bromo-2-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole, selected as a core molecule, was prepared on a multi-gram scale through condensation of 4-bromo-1,2-diaminobenzene with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde using a sustainable approach. The challenging functionalization of the 5(6)-position was carried out via palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig amination cross-coupling reactions between N-protected-5-bromo-2-nitrophenyl-benzimidazole and aryl boronic acids or sulfonylanilines, with yields up to 81%. The final designed molecules (2-(aminophen-2-yl)-5(6)-substituted-1H-benzimidazoles), which encompass the appropriate functional groups in the 5(6)-position according to the pharmacophore model, were obtained in yields up to 91% after acid-mediated N-boc deprotection followed by Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation. These groups are predicted to favor interactions with DNA gyrase B residues Asn46, Asp73, and Asp173, aiming to promote an inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T. Aroso
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (R.C.G.); (M.M.P.)
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