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Dayeh DM, Cika J, Moon Y, Henderson S, Di Grandi D, Fu Y, Muthusamy K, Palackal N, Ihnat PM, Pyles EA. Comprehensive chromatographic assessment of forced degraded in vitro transcribed mRNA. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464885. [PMID: 38631223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Heightened interest in messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics has accelerated the need for analytical methodologies that facilitate the production of supplies for clinical trials. Forced degradation studies are routinely conducted to provide an understanding of potential weak spots in the molecule that are exploited by stresses encountered during bulk purification, production, shipment, and storage. Consequently, temperature fluctuations and excursions are often experienced during these unit operations and may accelerate mRNA degradation. Here, we present a concise panel of chromatography-based stability-indicating assays for evaluating thermally stressed in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA as part of a forced degradation study. We found that addition of EDTA to the mRNAs prior to heat exposure reduced the extent of degradation, suggesting that transcripts may be fragmenting via a divalent metal-ion mediated pathway. Trace divalent metal contamination that can accelerate RNA instability is likely carried over from upstream steps. We demonstrate the application of these methods to evaluate the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of mRNAs as well as to detect intrinsic process- and product-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Dayeh
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jaclyn Cika
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Youmi Moon
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Steven Henderson
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Deanna Di Grandi
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Yue Fu
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States.
| | - Kathir Muthusamy
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States.
| | - Nisha Palackal
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Peter M Ihnat
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Erica A Pyles
- Protein Biochemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
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2
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Dasnoy S, Illartin M, Queffelec J, Nkunku A, Peerboom C. Combined Effect of Shaking Orbit and Vial Orientation on the Agitation-Induced Aggregation of Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:669-679. [PMID: 37611666 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Orbital shaking in a glass vial is a commonly used forced degradation test to evaluate protein propensity for agitation-induced aggregation. Vial shaking in horizontal orientation has been widely recommended to maximize the air-liquid interface area while ensuring solution contact with the stopper. We evaluated the impact of shaking orbit diameter and frequency, and glass vial orientation (horizontal versus vertical) on the aggregation of three proteins prepared in surfactant-free formulation buffers. As soon as an orbit-specific frequency threshold was reached, an increase in turbidity was observed for the three proteins in vertical orientation only when using a 3 mm agitation orbit, and in horizontal orientation only when using a 30 mm agitation orbit. Orthogonal analyses confirmed turbidity was linked to protein aggregation. The most turbid samples had a visually more homogeneous appearance in vertical than in horizontal orientation, in line with the predicted dispersion of air and liquid phases obtained from computational fluid dynamics agitation simulations. Both shaking orbits were used to assess the performance of nonionic surfactants. We show that the propensity of a protein to aggregate in a vial agitated in horizontal or vertical orientation depends on the shaking orbit, and confirm that Brij® 58 and FM1000 prevent proteins from agitation-induced aggregation at lower concentrations than polysorbate 80.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Illartin
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT) Mines Albi, Allée des Sciences, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Julie Queffelec
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT) Mines Albi, Allée des Sciences, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Aubrey Nkunku
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; ALTEN Belgium, Chaussée de Charleroi 112, 1060 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Claude Peerboom
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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Campbell JM, Colombo S, Doyle JL, Filoti DI, Hübner G, Magnenat L, Nowinski AK, Pavon JA, Singh SM, Vo LR, Woods JM, Stokes ESE. An Industry Perspective on the use of Forced Degradation Studies to Assess Comparability of Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:505-512. [PMID: 38103689 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Forced degradation, also known as stress testing, is used throughout pharmaceutical development for many purposes including assessing the comparability of biopharmaceutical products according to ICH Guideline Q5E. These formal comparability studies, the results of which are submitted to health authorities, investigate potential impacts of manufacturing process changes on the quality, safety, and efficacy of the drug. Despite the wide use of forced degradation in comparability assessments, detailed guidance on the design and interpretation of such studies is scarce. The BioPhorum Development Group is an industry-wide consortium enabling networking and sharing of common practices for the development of biopharmaceuticals. The BioPhorum Development Group Forced Degradation Workstream recently conducted several group discussions and a benchmarking survey to understand current industry approaches for the use of forced degradation studies to assess comparability of protein-based biopharmaceuticals. The results provide insight into the design of forced degradation studies, analytical characterization and testing strategies, data evaluation criteria, as well as some considerations and differences for non-platform modalities (e.g., non-traditional mAbs). This article presents survey responses from several global companies of various sizes and provides an industry perspective and experience regarding the practicalities of using forced degradation to assess comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Campbell
- GlaxoSmithKline Analytical Development, Upper Providence, PA, 19426, United States
| | - Stefano Colombo
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK, 2750, Denmark
| | - Jamie L Doyle
- Regeneron, Quality Control Analytical Sciences, 81 Columbia Tpke, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
| | - Dana I Filoti
- AbbVie Inc., Development Sciences Data & Digital Strategy, 1N. Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Göran Hübner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Analytical Dev. Biologicals, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Laurent Magnenat
- Fresenius Kabi SwissBioSim GmbH, Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Route de Crassier 23, 1262, Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Ann K Nowinski
- Seagen Inc., Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21823 30th Drive Southeast, Bothell, WA, 98021, United States
| | - Jorge Alex Pavon
- Merck & Co., Inc., Biologics Analytical Research and Development, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, United States
| | - Surinder M Singh
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Analytical Development & Attribute Science, 1 Squibb Drive, North Brunswick, New Jersey, 08902, United States
| | - Laila R Vo
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC Analytical development, Novo Nordisk Park B7.2.021, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Joshua M Woods
- Pfizer, Analytical Research and Development, 875 Chesterfield Pkwy W, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, United States
| | - Elaine S E Stokes
- BioPhorum Operations Group, The Gridiron Building, 1 Pancras Square, London, N1C 4AG, United Kingdom.
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Tolić Čop K, Perin N, Hranjec M, Runje M, Vianello R, Gazivoda Kraljević T, Mutavdžić Pavlović D. Insight into the degradation of amino substituted benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines via a combined experimental and density functional theory study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115767. [PMID: 37832474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have been shown to be potential chemotherapeutic agents, especially the benzimidazole derivatives studied in this work. The ultimate goal in the search for biologically active and effective molecules is to commercialize a product whose stability must be reliable. Therefore, in the development of drugs, forced degradation experiments are performed under the environmental conditions to which they are subjected during transportation and storage to ensure quality and safety before marketing. Hydrolytic, thermal, photolytic, and degradation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide are experimental stress tests to which the newly synthesized compounds were subjected to gain insight into the degradation pathways of the analytes. Degradation of two benzimidazole derivatives was observed under all applied conditions while the major impact showed photolysis with ten and four degradation products, respectively. In total, eighteen major degradation products were detected and identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Computer models in the TEST program were applied to the proposed structures to evaluate the bioaccumulation factor, toxicity, and mutagenicity of the analyzed compounds, while density functional theory analysis (DFT) revealed factors affecting the vulnerability of systems towards exceeding acidic/basic conditions and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Tolić Čop
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Perin
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Runje
- Pliva Croatia TAPI R&D, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Laboratory for the Computational Design and Synthesis of Functional Materials, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zelesky T, Baertschi SW, Foti C, Allain LR, Hostyn S, Franca JR, Li Y, Marden S, Mohan S, Ultramari M, Huang Z, Adams N, Campbell JM, Jansen PJ, Kotoni D, Laue C. Pharmaceutical Forced Degradation (Stress Testing) Endpoints: A Scientific Rationale and Industry Perspective. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2948-2964. [PMID: 37690775 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Forced degradation (i.e., stress testing) of small molecule drug substances and products is a critical part of the drug development process, providing insight into the intrinsic stability of a drug that is foundational to the development and validation of stability-indicating analytical methods. There is a lack of clarity in the scientific literature and regulatory guidance as to what constitutes an "appropriate" endpoint to a set of stress experiments. That is, there is no clear agreement regarding how to determine if a sample has been sufficiently stressed. Notably, it is unclear what represents a suitable justification for declaring a drug substance (DS) or drug product (DP) "stable" to a specific forced degradation condition. To address these concerns and to ensure all pharmaceutically-relevant, potential degradation pathways have been suitably evaluated, we introduce a two-endpoint classification designation supported by experimental data. These two endpoints are 1) a % total degradation target outcome (e.g., for "reactive" drugs) or, 2) a specified amount of stress, even in the absence of any degradation (e.g., for "stable" drugs). These recommended endpoints are based on a review of the scientific literature, regulatory guidance, and a forced degradation data set from ten global pharmaceutical companies. The experimental data set, derived from the Campbell et al. (2022) benchmarking study,1 provides justification for the recommendations. Herein we provide a single source reference for small molecule DS and DP forced degradation stress conditions and endpoint best practices to support regulatory submissions (e.g., marketing applications). Application of these forced degradation conditions and endpoints, as part of a well-designed, comprehensive and a sufficiently rigorous study plan that includes both the DS and DP, provides comprehensive coverage of pharmaceutically-relevant degradation and avoids unreasonably extreme stress conditions and drastic endpoint recommendations sometimes found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Zelesky
- Analytical Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | - Chris Foti
- Analytical Development and Operations, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California, USA.
| | | | - Steven Hostyn
- Predictive Analytics & Stability Sciences CoE, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Yi Li
- Analytical Development and Operations, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Stacey Marden
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shikhar Mohan
- Analytical Development and Operations, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Mariah Ultramari
- Spektra Soluções Científico-Regulatórias Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zongyun Huang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Neal Adams
- Pfizer, Scientific and Laboratory Services - Analytical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA
| | - John M Campbell
- Analytical Development, GSK, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Patrick J Jansen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Dorina Kotoni
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Laue
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Bhandi MM, Swain D, Ragampeta S, Mudiam MKR. LC-PDA-QTof-MS characterization of the stress degradation products of Zanubrutinib: A novel BTK inhibitor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115714. [PMID: 37713985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Zanubrutinib (ZAN) is an orally administered anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of Mantle cell lymphoma. Recently, it has also been approved by FDA for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Determination of impurities formed in drug substances/products as a result of manufacturing or storage forms an important aspect of drug life cycle management. The current study concentrated on understanding the stability of ZAN under various stress conditions as per the ICH Q1 (R2) guidelines. In total, ZAN produced thirteen degradation products under various hydrolytic (acid, base and neutral) and thermal stress conditions. The stress degradation products were separated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, chemical structures of these products were characterized by MS/MS experiments combined with accurate mass measurements conducted on a LC-QTof-MS. The mechanism for the formation of these degradation products was also proposed. This study provides comprehensive information on the inherent stability of ZAN which will be useful in the drug development and manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Mohan Bhandi
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debasish Swain
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 007, India.
| | - Srinivas Ragampeta
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 007, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Analytical Division, Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram 122016, India.
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7
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Lu Y, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Sun H, Wu X. Identification and characterization of forced degradation products of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) by HPLC, LC-LTQ/Orbitrap and NMR studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115470. [PMID: 37210891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) is a kind of aldehyde compound with highly active furan ring, which is generated by dehydration of glucose, fructose, and other monosaccharides. It widely exists in drugs, foods, health products, cosmetics, and traditional Chinese medicine preparations with high sugar content. Due to the toxicity, the concentration of 5-HMF was always monitored to identify non-conformities and adulteration, as well as ensure the process efficiency, traceability and safety in foods or drugs in the pharmacopoeias of various countries. Herein, a comprehensive forced degradation study was performed to characterize the degradation products (DPs) of 5-HMF under hydrolytic (neutral, acidic, and alkaline) degradation, oxidative, thermal, humidity, and photolytic degradation conditions. A total of five degradants were identified, and two of them (DP-3 and DP-5) were novel DPs first reported in our study. Major DPs (i.e., DP-1 and DP-2) with relatively high peak areas were isolated using semi-preparative HPLC and characterized by LC-LTQ/Orbitrap and NMR. 5-HMF was only stable in alkaline hydrolysis condition. In addition, the degradation pathways and mechanism of these DPs were also explained using LC-LTQ/Orbitrap. In silico toxicity and metabolism behavior of the DPs were evaluated using Derek Nexus and Meteor Nexus software, respectively. The predicted toxicity data indicated that both the drug 5-HMF and its DPs bear the potential of hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, chromosome damage, and skin sensitisation. Our research may be beneficial for the quality control and suitable storage conditions of 5-HMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, PR China
| | - Yaqing Guo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, PR China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, PR China
| | - Huimin Sun
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, PR China
| | - Xianfu Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, PR China.
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Zheng L, Wang L, Li D, Xie C, Gao Z, Lin J, Ye J, Chen W, Li M. Investigation of nirmatrelvir epimerization occurred in analytical sample solution by using high resolution LC-MS n, NMR, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115284. [PMID: 36804289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
During the related substances testing of nirmatrelvir, an unknown peak was observed and the level of the peak increased over time during the storage of the sample solution. By using a strategy including LC-PDA/UV-MSn analysis, the degradant was rapidly identified as an epimer of nirmatrelvir, a solution degradation product that is caused by the trace amount of alkaline impurities leaching from the glass HPLC vials. In addition, by using hydrogen/deuterium exchange NMR spectroscopy analysis, the epimerization position was determined to be the carbon α to the adjacent cyano group. Further investigation indicated that the occurrence of the solution degradation can be suppressed when the glass HPLC vials were replaced by plastic HPLC or mass spectrometric grade vials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewei Zheng
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China
| | - Lingqiao Wang
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China
| | - Chongjun Xie
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Lin
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China
| | - Jian Ye
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT) Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317024, PR China; Huahai US, Inc. 700 Atrium Drive, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA.
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9
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Musmade B, Korhale R, Sable M, Lokhande S, Padmanabhan S, Bhope S. Development and validation of stability indicating impurity profiling method for Azelastine Hydrochloride and Fluticasone Propionate in Nasal spray product by using HPLC with UV/PDA detector. J AOAC Int 2023:7079780. [PMID: 36929921 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This Azelastine HCl (AZ) and Fluticasone propionate (FL) nasal spray drug product is commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis worldwide. The impurity profiling of this product is not reported till date. OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed to develop and validate a novel stability indicating analytical method for the estimation of impurities from Azelastine Hydrochloride and Fluticasone Propionate nasal spray drug product. METHODS A mixture of octane sulfonic acid sodium salt and trifluroacetic acid is used as a mobile phase A. Acetonitrile is used as a mobile phase B. Good separation was achieved on Baker bond phenyl hexyl, 250 x 4.6, 5 µm column at 1 mL/min flow rate in gradient elution mode. The chromatograms were monitored at 239 nm. RESULTS The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.006 and 0.019 µg/mL for AZ and 0.010 and 0.030 µg/mL for FL, respectively. The correlation coefficient for all the known impurities and principle analytes was observed 0.999 from LOQ level to 150% of standard concentration. The recovery for all the known impurities was found to be between 90 to 110%. During stress study, 15% degradation was observed in basic condition and 8.7% in acidic condition. No significant degradation was observed in thermal and oxidative conditions. CONCLUSION The impurity profiling method for AZ and FL combination nasal spray product was successfully developed, validated and demonstrated to be accurate, precise, specific, robust and stability indicating. The method can be routinely used for the impurity testing of commercial batches in quality control laboratories in the pharmaceutical industry. HIGHLIGHTS No impurity study has been reported for this combination product till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Musmade
- Sava Healthcare Limited, (Research and Development center), Chinchwad MIDC, Pune, 411019 India
| | - Rasika Korhale
- Sava Healthcare Limited, (Research and Development center), Chinchwad MIDC, Pune, 411019 India
| | - Mangal Sable
- Sava Healthcare Limited, (Research and Development center), Chinchwad MIDC, Pune, 411019 India
| | - Surbhi Lokhande
- Sava Healthcare Limited, (Research and Development center), Chinchwad MIDC, Pune, 411019 India
| | - Sriram Padmanabhan
- Sava Healthcare Limited, (Research and Development center), Chinchwad MIDC, Pune, 411019 India
| | - Shrinivas Bhope
- Sava Healthcare Limited, (Research and Development center), Chinchwad MIDC, Pune, 411019 India
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10
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El-Kafrawy DS, Abdelhamid AG, Abdel-Khalek MM, Belal TS. Forced Degradation and Stability-Indicating Study for the Binary Mixture of Allopurinol and Thioctic Acid Using Validated HPLC-DAD Method. J AOAC Int 2023:7058932. [PMID: 36847424 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Careful review of the scientific databases revealed that no stability-indicating analytical method is available for the binary mixture of Allopurinol (ALO) and Thioctic Acid (THA). OBJECTIVE A comprehensive stability-indicating HPLC-DAD procedure has been executed for concurrent analysis of ALO and THA. METHODS Successful chromatographic separation of the cited drugs was reached using Durashell C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm particle size). The mobile phase was comprised of a mixture of acidified water (pH 4.0) using phosphoric acid and acetonitrile pumped in gradient elution mode. For quantification of ALO and THA, their respective peak areas were recorded at 249 nm and 210 nm. A systematic validation of analytical performance was investigated in terms of system suitability, linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection and quantification limits. RESULTS ALO and THA peaks emerged at retention times 4.26 and 8.15 min, respectively. Linear ranges for ALO and THA were 5-100 µg/mL and 10-400 µg/mL, respectively with correlation coefficient values exceeding 0.9999. Both drugs were exposed to conditions of neutral, acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation and thermal decomposition. Stability-indicating features have been demonstrated by resolution of the drugs from their forced degradation peaks. For verification of peak identity and purity, the diode-array-detector (DAD) was utilized. In addition, degradation pathways for the cited drugs were postulated. Besides, separation of both analytes from about 13 medicinal compounds of different therapeutic classes disclosed optimum specificity of the proposed method. CONCLUSION Advantageous application of the validated HPLC method for the concurrent analysis of ALO/THA in their tablet dosage form was accomplished. HIGHLIGHTS So far, the described HPLC-DAD method is considered the first detailed stability-indicating analytical study for this pharmaceutical mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina S El-Kafrawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Elmessalah, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G Abdelhamid
- Methodology Department, Pharco Pharmaceuticals Company, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Magdi M Abdel-Khalek
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Elmessalah, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Elmessalah 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
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Panda S, Das M, Kandula RR, Gajjela R, Ravuri NDH, Kumar H, Kalamse S, Mathur A, Roy A, Bagadi M. Isolation and characterization of pseudo degradation products of acalabrutinib using ESI-HRMS/MS and NMR: Formation of possible geometrical isomers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 225:115214. [PMID: 36621281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A forced degradation study of acalabrutinib (ACB), used to treat relapsed mantle cell lymphoma, was performed to identify and characterize all possible major degradation products formed under different stress conditions. The degradation products (DP) were separated using reverse phase UHPLC system on Kinetex EVO C18 column. Major DPs formed were isolated using semi-preparative HPLC and characterized by LC-ESI-HRMS/MS and NMR. ACB degraded to form seven major degradants (DP-I to DP-VII). DP-I and DP-V were formed under alkaline stress condition, whereas DP-II, DP-III, DP-VI and DP-VII were formed under both acidic and basic conditions. Further, DP-IV was formed when ACB drug was exposed to hydrogen peroxide stress condition. ACB was found to be stable when subjected to aqueous (neutral pH), thermal and UV radiation of 254 nm, as it has not shown any significant degradation under these conditions. Interestingly, two pairs of pseudo geometrical isomeric DPs (DP-II and DP-III, DP-VI and DP-VII) were observed. The plausible degradation pathway of ACB and fragmentation patterns of both ACB and major DPs were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samikshya Panda
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Mitalee Das
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Ravikanth Reddy Kandula
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Raju Gajjela
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India.
| | - Naga Durga Harish Ravuri
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Hemantha Kumar
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Shruti Kalamse
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Amrita Roy
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India.
| | - Muralidhararao Bagadi
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
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12
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Hatokova P, Sestak V, Piskackova HB, Melnikova I, Roh J, Sterbova-Kovarikova P. The UHPLC-UV method applied for the forced degradation study of ixazomib and HRMS identification of its degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 225:115220. [PMID: 36610173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ixazomib is the only orally active proteasome inhibitor used in clinical practice as an anticancer drug. The novel, rapid UHPLC-UV assay for ixazomib was developed and applied to the forced degradation study followed by HRMS identification of the main degradation products. Oxidative deboronation and hydrolysis of the amid bond were found to be the principal degradation pathways. The chemical standards of the main degradation products were prepared. The method was validated for the simultaneous assay of ixazomib and its degradation products within the concentration ranges of 2.50-100.00 µg/mL (ixazomib); 0.75-60.00 μg/mL (Impurity A and B) and 1.25-60.00 μg/mL (Impurity C). The stability study revealed that ixazomib in solution is: 1) relatively stable in neutral and acidic environments, 2) its decomposition is accelerated at higher pH, 3) it is sensitive to the effects of oxidants and light, and 4) the degradation of ixazomib follows the first-order kinetics under neutral, acidic, alkaline, and UV stress. Contrary, the solid substance of ixazomib citrate was relatively resistant to heat (70 °C), heat/humidity (70 °C/75 % RH), and UV irradiation for 24 h. This study presents the first MS-compatible UHPLC method for the quantification of ixazomib and its degradation products. Furthermore, it provides data about the inherent stability and kinetics of degradation of ixazomib in a solution that may be useful in further investigation of this drug, or the development of novel proteasome inhibitors based on the ixazomib structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Hatokova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Vit Sestak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | | | - Iuliia Melnikova
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
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Zhong X, Lv Q, Yong Q, Hu W, Li D, Ji S, Zhan L, Chen W, Li M, Lin J, Sun C. Forced degradation studies of elagolix sodium with the implementation of high resolution LC-UV-PDA-MS n (n = 1,2,3…) and NMR structural elucidation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115198. [PMID: 36495708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elagolix sodium (ELS) is a marketed product using to release moderate to severe endometriosis-associated pain. It contains functional groups such as carboxyl group, secondary amino group, 2,4-dioxo pyrimidinyl and several benzyl or benzyl-like position hydrogen atom that are susceptive to occur stress degradation. Forced degradation studies of ELS reveal different degradation profiles of the drug substance which are conducted under photo, thermal, acidic, neutral, alkaline and hydrogen peroxide oxidative conditions in the direction of the ICH guidances. With structural elucidation of LC-PDA/UV-MSn and NMR, the degradants were identified, and seven new degradants are reported in this study. It is confirmed that most of the degradation behaviors of ELS are related to the carboxyl group and secondary amino group in the 3-carboxyl propylamine side chain. Under the oxidative condition using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, the secondary amine was oxidized to form an N-hydrogen amine degradant and two further degradants of amine and carbonyl analogs were generated. Under the alkaline degradation condition, the ELS is proven to be stable and no obvious degradants are produced. On the other hand, under the acidic and neutral degradation condition, the 2,4-dioxo pyrimidinyl core of elagolix sodium is stable but the carboxyl group and secondary amine will occur ring cyclization to form the δ-lactam analogs of elagolix sodium. The plausible mechanisms for the degradation of acidic, thermal, photo-degradative and hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative of elagolix sodium are proposed. It is worth to note that DP-3-4 are the potential degradants which are only found in the solution degradation and are not the real impurities of elagolix sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Qianqian Lv
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Qiyun Yong
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Shuhui Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Liuyue Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China.
| | - Cuirong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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Desai P, Prajapati R, Chokshi A. LC-MS Compatible Chromatographic Method for Quantification of Potential Organic Impurities of Elagolix Sodium in Tablet Dosage Form with Identification of Major Degradation Products. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:568-579. [PMID: 36721330 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elagolix is a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) modulator and used for pain relief during endometriosis. OBJECTIVE The present research was performed to develop and validate a simple, novel, fast, sensitive and cost-effective LC-MS compatible chromatographic method for quantification of all prominent organic impurities of Elagolix sodium in tablet formulation with identification of major degradation products. METHOD The optimum separation of the organic impurities of Elagolix sodium was achieved on ACE C18-PFP (250mm x 4.6mm, 5µm) column by employing pH 5.6 acetate buffer and acetonitrile (95:5, %v/v) as mobile phase A; and acetonitrile and methanol (90:10, %v/v) as mobile phase B. UV detection of the drug and impurities was carried out at 210 nm. Forced degradation study was carried out by employing acid, alkali, oxidative, thermal and photolytic stress conditions on Elagolix sodium drug substance and its drug product. The major degradation products observed during stress study were identified by using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Elagolix sodium and its prominent organic impurities were resolved in the developed method through the gradient elution program of 46 minutes at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. Significant degradation was observed during alkali hydrolysis and oxidative stress conditions with a mass balance of more than 97.0%. The method was validated in-line with present ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Forced degradation study suggests that the developed method is specific and stability- indicating and can be used for related substance analysis of Elagolix drug substance and its dosage forms. HIGHLIGHTS This is the first research paper which describes a simple and sensitive (Detection limit: 0.08 µg/mL) HPLC method for quantification of all probable impurities of Elagolix in tablet dosage forms. The noticeable feature of the developed method is resolution of impurities of similar structures in a quick time by using routine solvents which are easily available in QC laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh Desai
- Department of Analytical Research, PTC-Moraiya, Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited, NH 8A, Moraiya-382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Rohit Prajapati
- Department of Analytical Research, PTC-Moraiya, Zydus Cadila Healthcare Limited, NH 8A, Moraiya-382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Avani Chokshi
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), At and Post: Changa-388421, Dist. Anand, Gujarat, India
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15
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Rathod SM, Patel NC, Patel PU. Simultaneous determination of emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and dolutegravir sodium by validated stability-indicating RP-HPLC-DAD method. Ann Pharm Fr 2023; 81:94-106. [PMID: 36037931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to develop and validate a stability-indicating RP-HPLC technique for simultaneous quantification of Emtricitabine (EMT), Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (TEN), and Dolutegravir Sodium (DOL) in bulk and in their combined formulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The developed approach was done on Exterra C18 column (150×4.6mm, 5μm) and Methanol and Buffer (comprising 0.1 (v/v) of Triethylamine and o-phosphoric acid in water, pH 2.6) as mobile phase in the proportion of 75:25 (v/v), eluted at 1mL/min. The analytes were quantified using DAD detector at 265nm. RESULTS The approach was validated in accordance with the ICH guidelines. Linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantitation (LOQ), and robustness were used to validate the proposed method. Linear response was found in the range of 500-1500μg/mL for EMT, 62.5-187.5μg/mL for TEN and 125-375μg/mL for DOL. The LOD values of EMT, TEN and DOL were found 91.78μg/mL, 10.47μg/mL and 19.28μg/mL correspondingly. The LOQ values of EMT, TEN and DOL were found and 278.11μg/mL, 31.74μg/mL and 58.42μg/mL correspondingly. The assay outcomes for all drugs were observed between 99.11-100.84%. To access the method's stability indicating capabilities, the drugs were exposed to various environmental (acid, alkaline, neutral, oxidative, photolytic and thermal) conditions. CONCLUSION The established approach was considered to be accurate, linear, precise, specific, robust and it can be utilized to analyse the drugs mentioned in its tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, APMC College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Himatnagar, 383001 Gujarat, India.
| | - N C Patel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, APMC College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Himatnagar, 383001 Gujarat, India
| | - P U Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Ganpat Vidyanagar, Mehsana-Gozaria Highway, 384012 Gujarat, India
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Kamble R, Puranik A, Narvekar A, Dandekar P, Jain R. Characterization of outcomes of amino acid modifications using a combinatorial approach to reveal physical and structural perturbations: A case study using trastuzumab biosimilar. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1209:123430. [PMID: 35988497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, are considered as life-saving drugs for autoimmune diseases, cancer and infectious diseases. However, biotherapeutics tend to undergo chemical degradation during various stages of manufacturing. The conditions of chemical degradation, along with the physical degradation pathways, have a direct influence on the overall stability, safety and efficacy of these therapeutics. While site-specific chemical changes have been well-explored and investigated using various analytical approaches, the resulting conformational and structural changes have not been much studied. Thus, we explored various biophysical techniques for assessing the influence of three representatives forced degradation conditions viz. oxidation, deamidation, and glycation, in a model therapeutic trastuzumab biosimilar. The site-specific modifications caused by these stress conditions were analysed using high resolution mass spectrometry. While their thermodynamic and conformational consequences were investigated by using differential scanning colorimetry (Nano-DSC), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The investigated stress conditions resulted in reduced thermodynamic stability of mAb, as confirmed using Nano-DSC. Secondary structure analysis performed with CD spectroscopy indicated detectable structural alterations in the beta sheets of stressed samples. DLS and SV-AUC studies demonstrated an enhanced level of aggregation and fragmentation in presence of all stress conditions. Thus, the biophysical analytical toolkits, when used simultaneously, could offer deeper insights into the subtle conformational changes that result from site-specific chemical modifications in mAbs. Hence, these analytical approaches may serve as significant additions to the battery of techniques used for forced degradation analysis of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kamble
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Amita Puranik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Aditya Narvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Azhakesan A, Kuppusamy S. QbD Based Development and Validation of Novel Stability Indicating Method for the Assay and Dissolution of Garenoxacin in Garenoxacin Tablets. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:370-378. [PMID: 34894249 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garenoxacin mesylate is a novel des-fluoro (6) quinolone, approved and marketed for human use in Japan under the name Geninax. OBJECTIVE In this current work simple and stability indicating methods for the assay and dissolution of Garenoxacin in Garenoxacin tablets 200 mg was performed. Method developed for the particle size measurement of Garenoxacin mesylate API using Malvern 2000. METHODS QbD based Stability indicating assay method was developed using 0.1% v/v formic acid in water and methanol (70:30). Using PDA detector the peak purity of Garenoxacin peak for all degradation samples was studied. BCS solubility of Garenoxacin mesylate API was studied by modified shake flask method. Dissolution test method was developed using 0.1 N Hydrochloric acid as medium, USP apparatus-II, rpm -50, temperature 37 ± 0.5 °C and time 30 min. Liquid paraffin was used as the dispersant in the particle size measurement of Garenoxacin mesylate API using, Malvern Mastersizer-wet method. RESULTS QbD based RP-HPLC method was stability indicating, simple, precise and accurate. Assay method was linear over 12.5 to 75 µg/mL at the detection wavelength of 280 nm. UV based method was developed and validated for the dissolution of Garenoxacin 200 mg tablets, method was found to be linear over 2.9 to 34.2 µg/mL at 280 nm. Based on data, Dissolution Tolerance for Garenoxacin 200 mg tablets was proposed as Q not less than 80% at time 30 min. Effect of Garenoxacin mesylate API particle size in the tablet dosage form was studied using particles of 92 µm and 220 µm (D90) and found that there is no impact on the in-vitro dissolution profile. CONCLUSION Reported stability indicating assay and dissolution test methods can be used in the regular QC testing of Garenoxacin 200 mg tablets. Malvern Particle size wet dispersion measurement method developed and validated for Garenoxacin mesylate API is simple and robust. HIGHLIGHTS QbD based RP-HPLC method (using Design Expert Software version 11) and studied peak purity of Garenoxacin peak using photo diode array detector (for all degradation samples, control sample and standard solution) and the same method is validated following USP and ICH guidelines. LC-MS compatible volatile buffer solution is used in the mobile phase preparation of the novel Stability indicating RP-HPLC assay method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajitha Azhakesan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, CMR college of Pharmacy, Kandlakoya, (V), Medchal Road, Hyderabad - 501 401, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), No.1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai - 600 116 India
| | - Sujatha Kuppusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, CMR college of Pharmacy, Kandlakoya, (V), Medchal Road, Hyderabad - 501 401, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), No.1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai - 600 116 India
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Neyra C, Clénet D, Bright M, Kensinger R, Hauser S. Predictive modeling for assessing the long-term thermal stability of a new fully-liquid quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid conjugated vaccine. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121143. [PMID: 34600051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Establishing product stability is critical for pharmaceuticals. We used a modeling approach to predict the thermal stability of a fully-liquid quadrivalent meningococcal (serogroups A, C, W, Y) conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT; MenQuadfi®) at potential transportation and storage temperatures. Vaccine degradation was determined by measuring the rate of hydrolysis through an increase of free polysaccharide (de-conjugated or unconjugated polysaccharide) content during six months storage at 25 °C, 45 °C and 56 °C. A procedure combining advanced kinetics and statistics was used to screen and compare kinetic models describing observed free polysaccharide increase as a function of time and temperature for each serogroup. Statistical analyses were used to quantify prediction accuracy. A two-step kinetic model described the increase in free polysaccharide content for serogroup A; whereas, one-step kinetic models were found suitable to describe the other serogroups. The models were used to predict free polysaccharide increases for each serogroup during long-term storage under recommended conditions (2-8 °C), and during temperature excursions to 25 °C or 40 °C. In both cases, serogroup-specific simulations accurately predict the respective observed experimental data. Experimental data collected to 48 months at 5 °C were within 99% predictive bands. The models described here can be used with confidence to establish shelf-life for this fully-liquid quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine; as well as, monitor in real-time free polysaccharide increase for vaccines experiencing temperature excursions during shipment/storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Neyra
- Manufacturing Technology Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA.
| | - Didier Clénet
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Marcia Bright
- Quality Control Stability, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA.
| | | | - Steven Hauser
- Manufacturing Technology Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA.
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Quarterman JC, Naguib YW, Chakka JL, Seol D, Martin JA, Salem AK. HPLC-UV Method Validation for Amobarbital and Pharmaceutical Stability Evaluation When Dispersed in a Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel: A New Concept for Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Prevention. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1379-1390. [PMID: 34563533 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A mitochondrial electron transport chain member complex I inhibitor, amobarbital, can reduce oxidative damage and chondrocyte death, eventually preventing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Viscosupplementation using a crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is currently applied clinically for knee OA pain relief. In this work, we utilized the HA hydrogel as a drug delivery vehicle to improve the long-term efficacy of amobarbital. Here we evaluated the pharmaceutic stability of amobarbital when dispersed in a crosslinked HA hydrogel formulated in proportions intended for clinical use. We validated a high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) method following International Conference for Harmonization Q2(R1) guidelines to ensure its suitability for amobarbital detection. The feasibility of this formulation's drug delivery capability was proven by measuring the release, solubility, and drug uniformity. The amobarbital/HA hydrogel showed comparable amobarbital stability in different biological fluids compared to amobarbital solution. In addition, the amobarbital/HA hydrogel imparted significantly greater drug stability when stored at 70°C for 24 hours. In conclusion, we confirmed the pharmaceutical stability of the amobarbital/HA hydrogel in various conditions and biological fluids using a validated HPLC-UV method. This data provides essential evidence in support of the use of this amobarbital/HA formulation in future clinical trials for PTOA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Quarterman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Avenue, 201 Pharmacy Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Avenue, 201 Pharmacy Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Jaidev L Chakka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Avenue, 201 Pharmacy Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dongrim Seol
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - James A Martin
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Avenue, 201 Pharmacy Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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20
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Grabarek AD, Jiskoot W, Hawe A, Pike-Overzet K, Menzen T. Forced degradation of cell-based medicinal products guided by flow imaging microscopy: Explorative studies with Jurkat cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:38-47. [PMID: 34274457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based medicinal products (CBMPs) offer ground-breaking opportunities to treat diseases with limited or no therapeutic options. However, the intrinsic complexity of CBMPs results in great challenges with respect to analytical characterization and stability assessment. In our study, we submitted Jurkat cell suspensions to forced degradation studies mimicking conditions to which CBMPs might be exposed from procurement of cells to administration of the product. Flow imaging microscopy assisted by machine learning was applied for determination of cell viability and concentration, and quantification of debris particles. Additionally, orthogonal cell characterization techniques were used. Thawing of cells at 5 °C was detrimental to cell viability and resulted in high numbers of debris particles, in contrast to thawing at 37 °C or 20 °C which resulted in better stability. After freezing of cell suspensions at -18 °C in presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a DMSO concentration of 2.5% (v/v) showed low stabilizing properties, whereas 5% or 10% was protective. Horizontal shaking of cell suspensions did not affect cell viability, but led to a reduction in cell concentration. Fetal bovine serum (10% [v/v]) protected the cells during shaking. In conclusion, forced degradation studies with application of orthogonal analytical characterization methods allow for CBMP stability assessment and formulation screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Grabarek
- Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstraße 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstraße 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - A Hawe
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - K Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T Menzen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
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21
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Radić I, Runje M, Babić S. Development of an analytical method for the determination of pimavanserin and its impurities applying analytical quality by design principles as a risk-based strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 201:114091. [PMID: 33964725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pimavanserin is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis. As it is a relatively new drug on the market, limited number of pharmacokinetic information and analytical methods are available. This paper presents an ultra-high performance chromatography for the simultaneous determination of pimavanserin and its four process impurities. The method was developed applying analytical quality by design (AQbD) principles as a risk-based approach. Critical method attributes (CMAs) were selected as a resolution between the worst separated compounds (impurity B and impurity C), a duration of analysis defined by the retention time of the last eluting peak (impurity D), a capacity factor of the first eluted impurity (impurity A), a tailing factor and a theoretical plate number. Risk assessment in the early stage of method development pointed out critical method parameters (CMPs): column temperature, gradient time and pH-value of the mobile phase (water phase, eluent A). Design of experiments (DoE), using DryLab®4 software, was applied to evaluate the influence of CMPs on CMAs and to determine method operable design region (MODR). Based on the risk assessment and the results of robustness and precision tests, a control strategy with system suitability criteria was proposed. Developed method was validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guideline with respect to the selectivity, LOD, LOQ, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and stability. A forced degradation study was performed to provide an evidence of the stability-indicating property of the method. Degradation products of pimavanserin were identified using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF). Additionally, potential degradation products were assessed in silico with the help of Zeneth® software and good agreement with experimentally identified degradation products was achieved. Main degradation products were formed during acid and base hydrolysis (m/z 223.16 [M+H]+ at RRT 0.37) and under oxidative stress conditions (m/z 444.26 [M+H]+ at RRT 0.57). The results revealed that the pimavanserin undergoes degradation through acid and base hydrolysis of urea and N-oxidation of aliphatic tertiary amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Radić
- R&D PLIVA Croatia Ltd, Teva api R&D, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Runje
- R&D PLIVA Croatia Ltd, Teva api R&D, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Babić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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22
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Chew YL, Khor MA, Lim YY. Choices of chromatographic methods as stability indicating assays for pharmaceutical products: A review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06553. [PMID: 33855234 PMCID: PMC8027279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stability indicating assay describes a technique which is used to analyse the stability of drug substance or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical products. Stability indicating assay must be properly validated as per ICH guidelines. The important components in a stability indicating assay include sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, reliability, reproducibility and robustness. A validated assay is able to measure the concentration changes of drug substance/API with time and make reliable estimation of the quantity of the degradation impurities. The drug substance is separated and resolved from the impurities. Pros and cons of HPLC, GC, HPTLC, CE and SFC were discussed and reviewed. Stability indicating assay may consist of the combination of chromatographic separation and spectroscopic detection techniques. Hyphenated system could demonstrate parallel quantitative and qualitative analysis of drug substances and impurities. Examples are HPLC-DAD, HPLC-FL, GC-MS, LC-MS and LC-NMR. The analytes in the samples are separated in the chromatography while the impurities are chemically characterised by the spectroscopy in the system. In this review, various chromatographic methods which had been employed as stability indicating assays for drug substance and pharmaceutical formulation were systematically reviewed, and the application of hyphenated techniques in impurities characterisation and identification were also discussed with supporting literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Ann Khor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yau-Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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23
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Xu Q, Min D, Petr R, Parikh V, Tan S. Clarification of the USP compendial procedure for phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride via updating impurity profiles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113618. [PMID: 32942108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) and the British Pharmacopoeia phenoxybenzamine (PBA) hydrochloride drug substance and drug product monographs describe an HPLC procedure for the determination of a specified impurity "tertiary amine phenoxybenzamine" and use the resolution of an "unknown related substance" from PBA as a system suitability criterion; however, neither structural information of the "unknown related substance" is provided nor reference standards of the two impurities are available. The ambiguity in pharmacopeias poses difficulties in implementing the procedure for quality control. To clarify the degradation pathways, and incorporate the impurity profile of PBA into the USP monographs, the degradation of PBA was revisited. PBA undergoes rapid degradation in neutral or basic aqueous solutions to generate the "tertiary amine phenoxybenzamine" as the predominant degradation product, which was confirmed as phenoxybenzamine hydroxide (PBA-OH). In addition, the "unknown related substance" was proposed as the phenoxybenzamine nitrile (PBA-CN) on the basis of LC-MS studies. The identity of PBA-CN was unambiguously verified via chemical synthesis, HPLC and NMR analyses. A stability-indicating method was developed and validated for the determination of PBA and its impurities, and was used to support USP monograph modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xu
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Donald Min
- Chemical Medicine, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Rachael Petr
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Vibhuti Parikh
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Shane Tan
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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24
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Kubacka M, Rapacz A, Sałat K, Filipek B, Cios A, Pociecha K, Wyska E, Hubicka U, Żuromska-Witek B, Kwiecień A, Marona H, Waszkielewicz AM. KM-416, a novel phenoxyalkylaminoalkanol derivative with anticonvulsant properties exerts analgesic, local anesthetic, and antidepressant-like activities. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and forced degradation studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173540. [PMID: 32896552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anticonvulsant drugs are used to treat a wide range of non-epileptic conditions, including chronic, neuropathic pain. We obtained a phenoxyalkylaminoalkanol derivative, KM-416 which had previously demonstrated a significant anticonvulsant activity and had also been shown to bind to 5-HT1A, α2-receptors and SERT and not to exhibit mutagenic properties. As KM-416 is a promising compound in our search for drug candidates, in the present study we further assessed its pharmacological profile (analgesic, local anesthetic, and antidepressant-like activities) accompanied with patch-clamp studies. Considering the importance of drug safety, its influence on the cardiovascular system was also evaluated. Moreover, KM-416 was subjected to forced degradation and pharmacokinetic studies to examine its stability and pharmacokinetic parameters. KM-416 revealed a significant antinociceptive activity in the tonic - the formalin test, neurogenic - the capsaicin test, and neuropathic pain model - streptozotocin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Moreover, it exerted a local anesthetic effect. In addition, KM-416 exhibited anti-depressant like activity. The results from the patch-clamp studies indicated that KM-416 can inhibit currents elicited by activation of NMDA receptors, while it also exhibited a voltage-dependent inhibition of Na+ currents. KM-416 did not influence ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Following oral administration, pharmacokinetics of KM-416 was characterized by a rapid absorption in the rat. The brain-to-plasma AUC ratio was 6.7, indicating that KM-416 was well distributed to brain. The forced degradation studies showed that KM-416 was very stable under stress conditions. All these features made KM-416 a promising drug candidate for further development against neuropathic pain and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cios
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Hubicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Żuromska-Witek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kwiecień
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna M Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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25
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Jain A, Hu G, Kumar Ratnakaram SS, Johnson DK, Picking WD, Picking WL, Middaugh CR. Preformulation Characterization and the Effect of Ionic Excipients on the Stability of a Novel DB Fusion Protein. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:108-123. [PMID: 32916136 PMCID: PMC7750262 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Shigella ssp cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) which has high global morbidity in young children and the elderly. The virulence of Shigella relies upon a type III secretion system (T3SS) which injects host altering effector proteins into targeted intestinal cells. The Shigella T3SS contains two components, invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD) and invasion plasmid antigen B (IpaB), that were previously identified as broadly protective antigens. When IpaD and IpaB were co-expressed to give the DB fusion (DBF) protein, vaccine efficacy was further improved. Biophysical characterization under various pH conditions showed that DBF is most stable at pH 7 and 8 and loses its conformational integrity at 48 and 50 °C respectively. Forced degradation studies revealed significant effects on the secondary structure, tertiary structure and conformational stability of DBF. In the presence of phosphate buffers as well as other anionic excipients, DBF demonstrated a concentration dependent conformational stabilization. Molecular docking revealed potential polyanion binding sites in DBF that may interact with phytic acid. These sites can be exploited to stabilize the DBF protein. This work highlights potential destabilizing and stabilizing factors, which not only improves our understanding of the DBF protein but helps in future development of a stable Shigella vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | | | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - William D Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Wendy L Picking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Charles Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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26
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Zhao H, Sun L, Chen H, Xiang L, Chen D. Intrinsic stability study of L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine with HPLC method development and validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113468. [PMID: 32668394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
L-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) is effective to control the symptoms of cognitive decline for the patients of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, an HPLC method coupled with a refractive index detector was developed to evaluate the intrinsic stability of L-α-GPC. The separation of L-α-GPC and its major potential degradation products was achieved on a normal-phase silica gel column (4.6 mm × 250 mm) with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-20 mM ammonium formate aqueous solution (pH 3.2) (65:35, v/v) in isocratic mode. The HPLC method was validated satisfactorily with respect to precision, accuracy and robustness. It is found that L-α-GPC is stable under the photolytic, thermal, oxidative and acidic conditions, while relatively sensitive to alkaline condition due to the specific breakage of phosphate ester bond in the moiety of L-α-GPC. A preliminary kinetics study for the alkaline degradation was conducted with the corresponding kinetics parameters obtained. It can be concluded that the developed HPLC method is capable of distinguishing the stability difference between the two phosphate ester bonds characterized on the L-α-GPC chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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27
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Rochani AK, Wheatley M, Oeffinger BE, Eisenbrey JR, Kaushal G. LC-MS based stability-indicating method for studying the degradation of lonidamine under physical and chemical stress conditions. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:312-322. [PMID: 33312209 PMCID: PMC7714013 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.293509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Lonidamine is a hexokinase II inhibitor, works as an anticancer molecule, and is extensively explored in clinical trials. Limited information prevails about the stability-indicating methods which could determine the forced degradation of lonidamine under stressed conditions. Hence, we report the use of a rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and highly accurate liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry method to analyze lonidamine degradation. Experimental approach: The Xbridge BEH shield reverse phase C18 column (2.5 μm, 4.6 × 75 mm) using isocratic 50:50 water: acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid can detect lonidamine with help of mass spectrometer in tandem with an ultraviolet (UV) detector at 260 nm wavelength. Findings/ Results: A linear curve with r2 > 0.99 was obtained for tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-UV based detections. This study demonstrated (in the present set up of isocratic elution) that LC-MS based detection has a relatively high sensitivity (S/N (10 ng/mL): 220 and S/N (20 ng/mL): 945) and accuracy at lower detection and quantitation levels, respectively. In addition to developing the LC-MS method, we also report that the current method is stability-indicating and shows that lonidamine gets degraded over time under all three stress conditions; acidic, basic, and oxidative. Conclusion and implications: LC-MS based quantitation of lonidamine proved to be a better method compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV detections for mapping lonidamine degradation. This is the first report on the stability-indicating method for studying the forced degradation of lonidamine using LC-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kanaiyalal Rochani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Margaret Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Brian Edward Oeffinger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Gagan Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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28
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Jenkins D, Harmon CL, Jia X, Kesselring A, Hatcher D, Grayson K, Ayres J. Forced degradation studies of medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable suspensions (150 mg/ml) with implementation of HPLC, mass spectrometry, and QSAR techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 187:113352. [PMID: 32480200 PMCID: PMC7322552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) injectable products are a key commodity for reproductive health and are available in the global market from a variety of manufacturing sources. Depending on the climatic zone conditions of the destination country for product use, MPA injectables are at risk of exposure to adverse transport and storage conditions. Analytical methods are available that quantify impurity levels in MPA and MPA injectable products, but minimal information is publicly available on the source of impurity and degradation product generation or the safety risk of these compounds. Forced degradation studies were conducted on MPA and MPA injectables to gain a better understanding of potential sources of impurities and degradation products. Furthermore, QSAR analysis was conducted to assess the toxicity risk of known impurities. More impurities were generated under acidic, basic, light, and oxidative forced degradation conditions relative to thermal degradation, however thermal exposure is the most likely adverse condition to be experienced by these products. Even if impurities are present in MPA injectables, QSAR analysis found that known impurities for MPA are apparently no more of a safety risk than MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jenkins
- Product Quality and Compliance, FHI 360, 2810 Meridian Parkway, Suite 160, Durham, NC 27713, USA.
| | - Christopher L Harmon
- Product Development and Introduction, FHI 360, 359 Blackwell Street, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Xiao Jia
- EKG Life Science Solutions, 4633 World Parkway Circle, St. Louis, MO 63134, USA.
| | - Allen Kesselring
- EKG Life Science Solutions, 4633 World Parkway Circle, St. Louis, MO 63134, USA.
| | - Danielle Hatcher
- EKG Life Science Solutions, 4633 World Parkway Circle, St. Louis, MO 63134, USA.
| | - Katie Grayson
- EKG Life Science Solutions, 4633 World Parkway Circle, St. Louis, MO 63134, USA.
| | - Jennifer Ayres
- Product Development and Introduction, FHI 360, 359 Blackwell Street, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
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Stenger Moura FC, Dos Santos Machado CL, Reisdorfer Paula F, Garcia Couto A, Ricci M, Cechinel-Filho V, Bonomini TJ, Sandjo LP, Bellé Bresolin TM. Taxifolin stability: In silico prediction and in vitro degradation with HPLC-UV/UPLC-ESI-MS monitoring. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:232-40. [PMID: 34012699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin has a plethora of therapeutic activities and is currently isolated from the stem bark of the tree Larix gmelinni (Dahurian larch). It is a flavonoid of high commercial interest for its use in supplements or in antioxidant-rich functional foods. However, its poor stability and low bioavailability hinder the use of flavonoid in nutritional or pharmaceutical formulations. In this work, taxifolin isolated from the seeds of Mimusops balata, was evaluated by in silico stability prediction studies and in vitro forced degradation studies (acid and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, visible/UV radiation, dry/humid heating) monitored by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). The in silico stability prediction studies indicated the most susceptible regions in the molecule to nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks, as well as the sites susceptible to oxidation. The in vitro forced degradation tests were in agreement with the in silico stability prediction, indicating that taxifolin is extremely unstable (class 1) under alkaline hydrolysis. In addition, taxifolin thermal degradation was increased by humidity. On the other hand, with respect to photosensitivity, taxifolin can be classified as class 4 (stable). Moreover, the alkaline degradation products were characterized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS as dimers of taxifolin. These results enabled an understanding of the intrinsic lability of taxifolin, contributing to the development of stability-indicating methods, and of appropriate drug release systems, with the aims of preserving its stability and improving its bioavailability. An stability-indicating HPLC-UV method was developed to Taxifolin. Taxifolin showed high in silico susceptibility to nucleophilic attack. Taxifolin is unstable under acid, oxidative and especially alkaline conditions. Alkaline degradation products were characterized by UPLC-ESIMS/MS.
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Abd Elrahman MK, El Houssini OM, Fahem DK, Zaazaa HE. Stability indicating liquid chromatography method for the analysis of Vecuronium bromide: study of the degradation profile. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03530. [PMID: 32195388 PMCID: PMC7076553 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular blocker agent namely; Vecuronium bromide (VEC) was quantified through developing a simple reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method, in drug substance and in drug product. The proposed method could quantify VEC in the presence of its degradation products produced from exposing VEC to different stress conditions as recommended by the International Conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Acidic (2M HCl), basic (2MNaOH) hydrolysis, oxidation (3% H2O2), photolysis (UV light at 254nm), and thermal (135 °C) degradation were estimated by exposing the drug substances to different stress conditions. The separation of the drug from its degradation products was successfully conducted on Tracer Extrasil CN (150 × 4.6mm; 5μm) column using O-phosphoric acid (pH6; 0.05M)-acetonitrile (50:50v/v) as mobile phase. The detection and quantification was done with UV detection at210nm.The validation data were found to be acceptable over a concentration range10-120 μg/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 8.10 and 2.67 μg/ml, respectively. The proposed method met all criteria for validation in accordance with the International Conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The presented work monitored the degradation profile for VEC under various stress conditions and provided a simple LC method for its routine analysis. The structures of the forced degradation products had been described in details using the MS data and the possible degradation pathways were outlined. Besides, the results obtained from the developed method compared statistically with that of the official method indicting high accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Abd Elrahman
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ola M El Houssini
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St, Agouza P.O. Box 12553, Giza, 35521, Egypt
| | - Diana K Fahem
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St, Agouza P.O. Box 12553, Giza, 35521, Egypt
| | - Hala E Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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31
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Behi J, Hassiki R, Ben Said N, Ksouri A, Benkhoud ML, Bouhaouala-Zahar B. Apparent degradation forms of rhG-CSF under forced conditions: Insights for better quality-control of bioproducts. Anal Biochem 2019; 586:113440. [PMID: 31533024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stability and quality control of therapeutic protein formulations is a substantial part of drug development process. The objective of this study is to obtain information about stability of a recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) against various stress factors. This will play a crucial role in the finished product formulation development. In this study, rhG-CSF was exposed to various chemical and physical stress conditions at different levels in order to identify degradation pathways and the nature of impurities generated. Experiments were performed by a combination of orthogonal analytical techniques (reversed phase chromatography (RP-HPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF)) to set and characterize the different degraded samples. The SEC-HPLC results suggest that the major degradation factors generating aggregated forms of the protein are basically thermal stress, freeze-thaw cycles and vortexing. Meanwhile, deamidated rhG-CSF was induced by basic pH as shown by IEF electrophoregram. As well, oxidized forms were generated increasingly with the time of exposure to hydrogen peroxide as outlined by RP-HPLC analysis. Based on these results, it was possible to define the storage and handling conditions of rhG-CSF finished product during its shelf life.
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Campbell JM, Grinias K, Facchine K, Igne B, Clawson J, Peterson J, Wolters A, Barry J, Watson S, Leach K. Analysis of unstable degradation impurities of a benzodiazepine and their quantification without isolation using multiple linear regression. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 167:1-6. [PMID: 30731352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a novel methodology for calculating the relative response factors (RRFs) of unstable degradation impurities of molibresib (1). The degradation impurities were observed by HPLC during stress testing and were accompanied by large mass balance deficits. However, the impurities could not be isolated for traditional RRF determination due to their instability. The RRFs of two degradation impurities were determined without isolation by multiple linear regression analysis of HPLC-UV data. The results permitted accurate quantification of the degradants. The benefits and drawbacks of the approach are discussed, including suggested validation acceptance criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Campbell
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA.
| | - Kaitie Grinias
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Facchine
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
| | - Benoît Igne
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
| | - Jacalyn Clawson
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
| | - John Peterson
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
| | - Andy Wolters
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy Barry
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
| | - Simon Watson
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kevin Leach
- Pharma Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA, USA
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Castillo Rodríguez MA, Rodríguez Patiño G, Revilla Vázquez AL, Rodríguez de San Miguel E, López-Arellano R. Validation of a UPLC-PDA method to study the content and stability of 5-chloro 8-hydroxyquinoline and 5,7-dichloro 8-hydroxyquinoline in medicated feed used in swine farming. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:113-118. [PMID: 30639930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new, rapid, simple and specific method to determine 5-chloro 8-hydroxyquinoline (5-HQ) and 5,7-dichloro 8-hydroxyquinoline (5,7-HQ) stability in swine feed was optimized and validated. A system consisting of an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm), a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% o-phosphoric acid (55:45 v/v) with a 0.5 mL/min flow rate, and a PDA detector (247 nm) were used. The retention times of 5-HQ and 5,7-HQ, were 0.77 min and 1.6 min, respectively. The pure drug was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation and UV light degradation to perform forced degradation studies. 5,7-HQ was more susceptible to degradation than 5-HQ. The figures of merit of the method (linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness) were determined. The method was successfully applied to estimate the stability of both analytes in medicated feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aide Castillo Rodríguez
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Edo, Mexico, CP 54714, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez Patiño
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Edo, Mexico, CP 54714, Mexico
| | - Alma Luisa Revilla Vázquez
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán, Department of Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Edo, México, CP 54740, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez de San Miguel
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry. University City, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Edo, Mexico, CP 54714, Mexico.
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34
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Xu Q. Advancing USP compendial methods for fixed dose combinations: A case study of metoprolol tartrate and hydrochlorothiazide tablets. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:77-82. [PMID: 31011463 PMCID: PMC6460378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary (USP–NF) includes more than 250 monographs of fixed dose combinations (FDCs), and some of them need to be updated due to incompleteness of impurity profiles and obsolescence of analytical methodologies. A case study of metoprolol tartrate and hydrochlorothiazide tablets is presented to summarize challenges encountered during the USP monograph modernization initiative of FDCs and to highlight an “adoption and adaptation” approach employed for method development. To this end, a single stability-indicating HPLC method was developed to separate the two drug substances and eight related compounds with resolution 2.0 or higher between all critical pairs. Chromatographic separations were achieved on a Symmetry column (C18, 100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) using sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0; 34 mM) and acetonitrile as mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. The stability-indicating capability of this method has been demonstrated by analyzing stressed samples of the two drug substances. The developed HPLC method was validated for simultaneous determination of metoprolol tartrate and hydrochlorothiazide and relevant impurities in the tablets. Moreover, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial tablet dosage forms and proved to be suitable for routine quality control use. The case study could be used to streamline USP's monograph modernization process of FDCs and strengthen compendial procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xu
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia (USP), Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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35
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Gomes JHDS, da Silva GC, Côrtes SF, de Pádua RM, Braga FC. Forced degradation of l-(+)-bornesitol, a bioactive marker of Hancornia speciosa: Development and validation of stability indicating UHPLC-MS method and effect of degraded products on ACE inhibition. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1093-1094:31-38. [PMID: 29980101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The antihypertensive activity of the medicinal plant Hancornia speciosa has been previously demonstrated by us, being the activity ascribed to polyphenols and cyclitols like l-(+)-bornesitol. We herein evaluated the stability of the bioactive marker bornesitol submitted to forced degradation conditions. Bornesitol employed in the study was isolated from H. speciosa leaves. An UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed to investigate bornesitol stability based on MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) acquisition mode and negative ionization mode, employing both specific (m/z 193 → 161 Da) and confirmatory (m/z 193 → 175 Da) transitions. A gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile was performed on a HILIC column. The method was validated and showed adequate linearity (r2 > 0.99), selectivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision (RSD < 2.9%). The method was robust for deliberate variations on dessolvation temperature, but not for changes in the flow rate and dessolvation gas. The results from the stability studies allowed us to classify bornesitol as labile for acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, but as very stable for oxidative and neutral hydrolysis exposure. Bornesitol was categorized as practically stable under photolysis degradation, whereas a considerable reduction on its contents was induced by metal ions and thermolysis exposure. Degraded samples from neutral hydrolysis and thermolysis were assayed in vitro for ACE inhibition and showed a substantial decrease in biological activity as compared to intact bornesitol. myo-Inositol was identified as the major degradation products in both matrices. This is the first report on bornesitol stability under different stress conditions and the obtained data are relevant for the development and quality control of standardized products from H. speciosa leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Hugo de Sousa Gomes
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Caroline da Silva
- Departament of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Steyner F Côrtes
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maia de Pádua
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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36
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Engelhardt OG, Edge C, Dunleavy U, Guilfoyle K, Harvey R, Major D, Newman R, Penn R, Skeldon S, Storey C, Wheeler J, Wood J, Minor P. Comparison of single radial immunodiffusion, SDS-PAGE and HPLC potency assays for inactivated influenza vaccines shows differences in ability to predict immunogenicity of haemagglutinin antigen. Vaccine 2018; 36:4339-4345. [PMID: 29895503 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current gold-standard potency test for inactivated influenza vaccines is the single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) assay. A number of alternative potency tests for inactivated influenza vaccines have been proposed in recent years. Evaluation of these new potency tests commonly involves comparison with SRD, in order to ascertain that the new method obtains values that correlate with those measured by the standard potency test. Here, we extended comparison of two methods, reverse-phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE, with SRD by assessing the methods' capacity to detect loss of potency induced by various deliberate treatments of vaccine samples. We demonstrate that neither of these methods detected the loss of potency observed by SRD; importantly, neither SDS-PAGE nor reverse-phase HPLC reflected results from mouse experiments that showed decreased immunogenicity and protection in vivo. These results emphasise the importance of assessing the stability-indicating nature, ie the ability to measure loss of vaccine potency, of any potential new potency assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmar G Engelhardt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Chantal Edge
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Una Dunleavy
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Kate Guilfoyle
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Diane Major
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Robert Newman
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Rebecca Penn
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Sarah Skeldon
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Claire Storey
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jun Wheeler
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - John Wood
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Philip Minor
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
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37
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Xu Q, Khan A, Gao D, Adams KM, Tadjimukhamedov F, Tan S, Simpson JT. Structural confirmation of sulconazole sulfoxide as the primary degradation product of sulconazole nitrate. J Pharm Anal 2017; 8:96-102. [PMID: 29736295 PMCID: PMC5934740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulconazole has been reported to degrade into sulconazole sulfoxide via sulfur oxidation; however, structural characterization data was lacking and the potential formation of an N-oxide or sulfone could not be excluded. To clarify the degradation pathways and incorporate the impurity profile of sulconazole into the United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary (USP–NF) monographs, a multifaceted approach was utilized to confirm the identity of the degradant. The approach combines stress testing of sulconazole nitrate, chemical synthesis of the degradant via a hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation reaction, semi-preparative HPLC purification, and structural elucidation by LC–MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. Structural determination was primarily based on the comparison of spectroscopic data of sulconazole and the oxidative degradant. The mass spectrometric data have revealed a McLafferty-type rearrangement as the characteristic fragmentation pathway for alkyl sulfoxides with a β-hydrogen atom, and was used to distinguish the sulfoxide from N-oxide or sulfone derivatives. Moreover, the generated sulconazole sulfoxide was utilized as reference material for compendial procedure development and validation, which provides support for USP monograph modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xu
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Ashraf Khan
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Di Gao
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kristie M Adams
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Shane Tan
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - John T Simpson
- Compendial Development Laboratory, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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38
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Stolarczyk EU, Rosa A, Kubiszewski M, Zagrodzka J, Cybulski M, Kaczmarek Ł. Use of the hyphenated LC-MS/MS technique and NMR/IR spectroscopy for the identification of exemestane stress degradation products during the drug development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:389-401. [PMID: 28865686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exemestane (6-Methyleneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione) active pharmaceutical ingredient (EE-3) was subjected to thermal, photolytic, oxidative, acidic and base stress conditions prescribed by the ICH (International Conference on Harmonization) guideline Q1A(R2). EE-3 was found to degrade in base, acidic and oxidative conditions. Eleven new degradation products of EE-3 were characterized by the LC-MS/MS technique. One of these impurities was isolated and identified by the LC-MS/MS, NMR and IR techniques. The LC-MS/MS studies were carried out to establish fragmentation pathways of EE-3 and its new impurity. Based on the results obtained from different spectroscopic studies, this impurity was characterized as 3-hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-oestratetraen-(1, 3, 5(10), 6)-17-one (EE-3Z). The degradation pathway of EE-3 leading to the generation of eleven products was proposed and this has not been reported so far. The separation of EE-3 from its impurities (process-related and degradants) was achieved using a Gemini C18 column (150mm×4.6mm×3μm) with gradient elution. The degradation products were well resolved from the main peak and its impurities, thus proving the method's stability and indicating power of the method. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines for parameters such as specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness and system suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta U Stolarczyk
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, R&D Analytical Chemistry Department, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Rosa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, R&D Analytical Chemistry Department, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kubiszewski
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, R&D Analytical Chemistry Department, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zagrodzka
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, R&D Analytical Chemistry Department, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Cybulski
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Chemistry Department, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Chemistry Department, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
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39
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Nowak C, K Cheung J, M Dellatore S, Katiyar A, Bhat R, Sun J, Ponniah G, Neill A, Mason B, Beck A, Liu H. Forced degradation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies: A practical guide. MAbs 2017; 9:1217-1230. [PMID: 28853987 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1368602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation studies have become integral to the development of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics by serving a variety of objectives from early stage manufacturability evaluation to supporting comparability assessments both pre- and post- marketing approval. This review summarizes the regulatory guidance scattered throughout different documents to highlight the expectations from various agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. The various purposes for forced degradation studies, commonly used conditions and the major degradation pathways under each condition are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nowak
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Jason K Cheung
- b Sterile Formulation Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ, USA , USA
| | - Shara M Dellatore
- c Biologics and Vaccines Bioanalytics, MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Amit Katiyar
- d Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Pennington , NJ , USA
| | - Ram Bhat
- e Millennium Research laboratories , Woburn , MA , USA
| | - Joanne Sun
- f Product Development, Innovent Biologics , Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | | | - Alyssa Neill
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Bruce Mason
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Alain Beck
- g Analytical Chemistry, NBEs, Center d'Immunology Pierre Fabre , Cedex , France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
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40
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Guvvala V, Chidambaram Subramanian V, Anireddy JS, Konda M. Novel degradation products of argatroban: Isolation, synthesis and extensive characterization using NMR and LC-PDA-MS/Q-TOF. J Pharm Anal 2017; 8:86-95. [PMID: 29736294 PMCID: PMC5934711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation study of argatroban under conditions of hydrolysis (neutral, acidic and alkaline), oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress, as suggested in the ICH Q1A (R2), was accomplished. The drug showed significant degradation under hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline) and oxidation (peroxide stress) conditions. The drug remained stable under thermal and photolytic stress conditions. In total, seven novel degradation products (DP-1 to DP-7) were found under diverse conditions, which were not reported earlier. The chemical structures of these degradation products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, Q-TOF-MSn and IR spectral analysis and the proposed degradation products structures were further confirmed by the individual synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh Guvvala
- Centre for Chemical Science&Technology, Institute of Science&Technology, JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India.,Gland Pharma Ltd., Research and Development, D.P.Pally, Hyderabad 500043, India
| | | | - Jaya Shree Anireddy
- Centre for Chemical Science&Technology, Institute of Science&Technology, JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India
| | - Mahesh Konda
- Gland Pharma Ltd., Research and Development, D.P.Pally, Hyderabad 500043, India
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Baker MM, El-Kafrawy DS, Mahrous MS, Belal TS. Validated stability-indicating HPLC-DAD method for determination of the recently approved hepatitis C antiviral agent daclatasvir. Ann Pharm Fr 2017; 75:176-184. [PMID: 28187879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive stability indicating HPLC with diode array detection method was developed for the determination of the recently approved antiviral drug daclatasvir dihydrochloride (DCV) which is used for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype 3 infection. Effective chromatographic separation was achieved using Waters C8 column (4.6×250mm, 5μm particle size) with isocratic elution of the mobile phase composed of mixed phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 75:25 (by volume). The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.2mL/min, and quantification of DCV was based on measuring its peak areas at 306nm. DCV eluted at retention time 5.4min. Analytical performance of the proposed HPLC procedure was thoroughly validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection and quantification limits. The linearity range was 0.6-60μg/mL with correlation coefficient>0.99999. The drug was subjected to forced degradation conditions of neutral, acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation and thermal degradation. The proposed method proved to be stability-indicating by resolution of the drug from its forced-degradation products. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to analysis of the cited drug in its tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Baker
- Methodology Department, Pharco Pharmaceuticals Company, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - D S El-Kafrawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Elmessalah, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M S Mahrous
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Elmessalah, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - T S Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Elmessalah, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt.
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Pinheiro MS, Viana GM, Vieira BDAA, de Souza AMT, Rodrigues CR, Marins RDCEE, Cabral LM, de Sousa VP. Identification, characterization and in silico ADMET prediction of Roflumilast degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:126-133. [PMID: 28196344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the degradation behavior of roflumilast (RFL), a new drug developed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The degradation of RFL was tested under various stress conditions as per the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization. The degradation products (DPs) of RFL were identified, characterized and in silico predictions were made of their pharmacokinetic properties, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET). RFL was subjected to various stress conditions including photodegradation, alkaline and acidic hydrolysis, oxidative and metallic degradation. After analysis by HPLC-DAD, the DPs were isolated by preparative TLC and characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1H NMR, 13C NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. RFL tablets were prepared by the addition of solid stressing substances such as excipients and storage in an accelerated stability chamber (40°C; 75% r.h.) for sixteen months. Resulting DPs from the tablets were analyzed by UFLC-QTOF. The most drastic degradation conditions for RFL were 5M NaOH(aq), 6M HCl(aq), 7.5% v/v peracetic acid, which resulted in the isolation of four DPs. However, milder degradation conditions (1M NaOH(aq) and photolysis) generated six DPs (DP-1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8), and are more similar to the actual conditions the drug will be exposed. For tablets containing RFL exposed to an alkaline reagent, two DPs were formed: DP-1 and DP-11. Whereas RFL-containing tablets exposed to acid and oxidizing agents, formed one product DP-11. Forced degradation of RFL led to the formation of eleven DPs, seven of which have never been previously reported. RFL is stable under metallic stress and it is relatively stable during photodegradation testing. The UFLC-QTOF methodology detected a greater number of DPs that formed during the stress conditions tested when compared to the HPLC-DAD methodology. In silico prediction of the ADMET properties of the RFL degradation products and metabolites produced in this study are potentially hepatotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Pinheiro
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss, sl15, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Maruípe, 1468, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Gil M Viana
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss, sl15, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bárbara de A Abrahim Vieira
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss, sl15, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mendonça Teles de Souza
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss, sl15, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss, sl15, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia E E Marins
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss, sl15, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, Av. Brasil 4365, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcio M Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss, sl15, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Valéria P de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bss, sl15, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
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Kumar A, Devineni SR, Dubey SK, Kumar P, Srivastava V, Ambulgekar G, Jain M, Gupta DK, Singh G, Kumar R, Hiriyanna SG, Kumar P. Identification, synthesis and structural characterization of process related and degradation impurities of acrivastine and validation of HPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 133:15-26. [PMID: 27969063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four impurities (Imp-I-IV) were detected using gradient HPLC method in few laboratory batches of acrivastine in the level of 0.03-0.12% and three impurities (Imp-I-III) were found to be known and one (Imp-IV) was unknown. In forced degradation study, the drug is degraded into four degradation products under oxidation and photolytic conditions. Two impurities (Imp-III and -IV) were concurred with process related impurities whereas Imp-V and -VI were identified as new degradation impurities. Based on LC-ESI/MSn study, the chemical structures of new impurities were presumed as 1-[(2E)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-{6-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]pyridin-2-yl}prop-2-en-1-yl]pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-olate (Imp-IV), 1-{[3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-{6-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]pyridin-2-yl}oxiran-2-yl]methyl}pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-olate (Imp-V) and 2-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-3-[(1-oxidopyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]oxiran-2-yl]-6-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]pyridin-1-ium-1-olate (Imp-VI), and confirmed by their synthesis followed by spectroscopic analysis, IR, NMR (1H, 13C) and mass. An efficient and selective high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and resolved well the drug related substances on a Phenomenex Gemini C-18 (250×4.6mm, particle size 5μm) column. The mobile phase was composed of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (10mM) and methanol, temperature at 25°C, and a PDA detector set at 254nm used for detection. The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity and satisfactory results were achieved. Identification, synthesis, characterization of impurities and method validation were first reported in this paper.
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Liu M, Wang J, Liu P. HPLC method development, validation, and impurity characterization of a potent antitumor nucleoside, T-dCyd (NSC 764276). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:429-435. [PMID: 27661436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC method for the assay of an anticancer nucleoside, 4'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine (T-dCyd, NSC 764276), has been developed and validated. The stress testing of T-dCyd was carried out in accordance with ICH guidelines Q1A (R2) under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermolytic, and photolytic conditions. The separation of T-dCyd from its impurities and degradation products was achieved in 40min on a Luna® Phenyl-Hexyl column (150mm×4.6mm i.d., 3μm) with a gradient elution using ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 3.85) and methanol as the mobile phase. The gradient starts from 2% and ends at 80% of methanol. Detection is by UV at 282nm. LC-QTOF/MS was used to obtain mass data for characterization of impurities and degradation products. The proposed HPLC assay method was validated for specificity, linearity (concentration range 0.25-0.75mg/mL, r≥0.9998), accuracy (recovery 98.1-102.0%), precision (RSD≤1.5%), and sensitivity (LOD 0.1μg/mL). The developed method was suitable for the quality control and stability monitoring of the T-dCyd drug substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Liu
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jennie Wang
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Paul Liu
- Pharmaceutical Resources Branch, DCTD, NCI, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Sastry RVRP, Venkatesan CS, Sastry BS, Mahesh K. Identification and characterization of forced degradation products of pralatrexate injection by LC-PDA and LC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:400-409. [PMID: 27643862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pralatrexate (PTXT) is an antineoplastic folate analog and the chemical name is (2S)-2-[[4-[(1RS)-1-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]but-3-ynyl] benzoyl] amino] pentanedioic acid. Degradation products of PTXT drug product (DP) under different forced degradation conditions have been studied using LC-PDA and LC-MS techniques. PTXT DP was subjected to forced degradation under the conditions of hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation, and heat in accordance with ICH guidelines. The LC-MS compatible HPLC method was developed and stressed solutions were chromatographed on reversed phase HPLC. The degradation products were monitored at a wavelength of 242nm. Stress study revealed that PTXT was sensitive towards acid, alkali, peroxide, light and heat. The degradation impurities (I-IX) were identified and characterized using LC-PDA and mass spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V R Prabhakara Sastry
- Centre for Chemical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500 085, Telangana, India; Gland Pharma Ltd., Research and Development, D.P.Pally, Hyderabad-500 043, Telangana, India.
| | - C S Venkatesan
- Gland Pharma Ltd., Research and Development, D.P.Pally, Hyderabad-500 043, Telangana, India
| | - B S Sastry
- Gland Pharma Ltd., Research and Development, D.P.Pally, Hyderabad-500 043, Telangana, India
| | - K Mahesh
- Gland Pharma Ltd., Research and Development, D.P.Pally, Hyderabad-500 043, Telangana, India
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Beck W, Kabiche S, Balde IB, Carret S, Fontan JE, Cisternino S, Schlatter J. Stability of suxamethonium in pharmaceutical solution for injection by validated stability-indicating chromatographic method. J Clin Anesth 2016; 35:551-559. [PMID: 27871592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the stability of pharmaceutical suxamethonium (succinylcholine) solution for injection by validated stability-indicating chromatographic method in vials stored at room temperature. METHODS The chromatographic assay was achieved by using a detector wavelength set at 218 nm, a C18 column, and an isocratic mobile phase (100% of water) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min for 5 minutes. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with respect to the stability-indicating capacity of the method including linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, precision, accuracy, system suitability, robustness, and forced degradations. RESULTS Linearity was achieved in the concentration range of 5 to 40 mg/mL with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.8 and 0.9 mg/mL, respectively. The percentage relative standard deviation for intraday (1.3-1.7) and interday (0.1-2.0) precision was found to be less than 2.1%. Accuracy was assessed by the recovery test of suxamethonium from solution for injection (99.5%-101.2%). CONCLUSION Storage of suxamethonium solution for injection vials at ambient temperature (22°C-26°C) for 17 days demonstrated that at least 95% of original suxamethonium concentration remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Beck
- Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Jean Verdier-AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Avenue du 14 juillet, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Sofiane Kabiche
- Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Jean Verdier-AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Avenue du 14 juillet, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Issa-Bella Balde
- Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Jean Verdier-AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Avenue du 14 juillet, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Sandra Carret
- Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Jean Verdier-AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Avenue du 14 juillet, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Jean-Eudes Fontan
- Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Jean Verdier-AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Avenue du 14 juillet, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Jean Verdier-AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Avenue du 14 juillet, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Joël Schlatter
- Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Jean Verdier-AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Avenue du 14 juillet, 93140 Bondy, France.
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Hasija M, Sheung A, Rahman N, Ausar SF. Stressed Stability Techniques for Adjuvant Formulations. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1494:227-38. [PMID: 27718197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6445-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Stressed stability testing is crucial to the understanding of mechanisms of degradation and the effects of external stress factors on adjuvant stability. These studies vastly help the development of stability indicating tests and the selection of stabilizing conditions for long term storage. In this chapter, we provide detailed protocols for the execution of forced degradation experiments that evaluate the robustness of adjuvant formulations against thermal, mechanical, freeze-thawing, and photo stresses.
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Acharya PC, Vasi R, Suares D. FTIR assay method for UV inactive drug carisoprodol and identification of degradants by RP-HPLC and ESI-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1029-1030:16-21. [PMID: 27398631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new method of analysis has been developed for UV inactive drug carisoprodol using FTIR spectroscopy. These methods were validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method has also been successfully applied for the determination of the drug concentration in a tablet formulation. The method proved to be accurate (mean percentage recovery between 95 and 105%), precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation<2%), while being simple, economical and less time consuming than other methods and can be used for routine estimation of carisoprodol in the pharmaceutical industry. The developed method also implicates its utility for other UV inactive substances. The stability of the drug under various stress conditions was studied and the drug was found to be particularly susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis. Degradation products of the alkaline hydrolysis were detected by RP-HPLC and tentatively identified by ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruqaiya Vasi
- SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Divya Suares
- SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
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Wang J, Liu M, Yang C, Wu X, Wang E, Liu P. HPLC method development, validation, and impurity characterization of a potent antitumor indenoisoquinoline, LMP776 (NSC 725776). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 124:267-273. [PMID: 26970596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC method for the assay of a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, LMP776 (NSC 725776), has been developed and validated. The stress testing of LMP776 was carried out in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1A (R2) under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermolytic, and photolytic conditions. The separation of LMP776 from its impurities and degradation products was achieved within 40 min on a Supelco Discovery HS F5 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a gradient mobile phase comprising 38-80% acetonitrile in water, with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in both phases. LC/MS was used to obtain mass data for characterization of impurities and degradation products. One major impurity was isolated through chloroform extraction and identified by NMR. The proposed HPLC assay method was validated for specificity, linearity (concentration range 0.25-0.75 mg/mL, r = 0.9999), accuracy (recovery 98.6-100.4%), precision (RSD ≤ 1.4%), and sensitivity (LOD 0.13 μg/mL). The validated method was used in the stability study of the LMP776 drug substance in conformance with the ICH Q1A (R2) guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Wang
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Mingtao Liu
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Euphemia Wang
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Paul Liu
- Pharmaceutical Resources Branch, DCTD, NCI, 6130 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Accelerated and stress stability data is often used to predict shelf life of pharmaceuticals. Temperature, combined with humidity accelerates chemical decomposition and the Arrhenius equation is used to extrapolate accelerated stability results to long-term stability. Statistical estimation of the humidity-corrected Arrhenius equation is not straightforward due to its non-linearity. A two stage nonlinear fitting approach is used in practice, followed by a prediction stage. We developed a single-stage statistical procedure, called the reference condition approach, which has better statistical properties (less collinearity, direct estimation of uncertainty, narrower prediction interval) and is significantly easier to use, compared to the existing approaches. Our statistical model was populated with data from a 35-day stress stability study on a laboratory batch of vitamin tablets and required mere 30 laboratory assay determinations. The stability prediction agreed well with the actual 24-month long term stability of the product. The approach has high potential to assist product formulation, specification setting and stability statements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Naveršnik
- SDC Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, SI-1529 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Rok Jurečič
- SDC Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova 57, SI-1529 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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