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Damgaard T, Woksepp H, Brudin L, Bonnedahl J, Nielsen EI, Schön T, Hällgren A. Estimated glomerular filtration rate as a tool for early identification of patients with insufficient exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics in intensive care units. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:451-459. [PMID: 38436273 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2323002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only about 50% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients reach a free trough concentration above MIC (100% fT > MIC) of beta-lactam antibiotics. Although dose adjustments based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be beneficial, TDM is not widely available. We investigated serum creatinine-based estimated GFR (eGFR) as a rapid screening tool to identify ICU patients at risk of insufficient exposure. METHOD Ninety-three adult patients admitted to four ICUs in southeast Sweden treated with piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, or cefotaxime were included. Beta-lactam trough concentrations were measured. The concentration target was set to 100% fT > MICECOFF (2, 4, and 16 mg/L based on calculated free levels for meropenem, cefotaxime, and piperacillin, respectively). eGFR was primarily determined via Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and compared to three other eGFR equations. Data was analysed using logistic regression and receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS With intermittent standard dosing, insufficient exposure was common in patients with a relative eGFR ≥48mL/min/1.73m2 [85%, (45/53)], particularly when treated with cefotaxime [96%, (24/25)]. This eGFR cut-off had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 82% (AUC 0.871, p < 0.001) in identifying insufficient exposure. In contrast, patients with eGFR <48mL/min/1.73m2 had high target attainment [90%, (36/40)] with a wide variability in drug exposure. There was no difference between the four eGFR equations (AUC 0.866-0.872, cut-offs 44-51 ml/min/1.73m2). CONCLUSION Serum creatinine-based eGFR is a simple and widely available surrogate marker with potential for early identification of ICU patients at risk of insufficient exposure to piperacillin, meropenem, and cefotaxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Damgaard
- Pharmaceutical Department in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Woksepp
- Department of Research and Department of Clinical Microbiology in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lars Brudin
- Department of Clinical Physiology in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Schön
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, Department of Infectious Diseases in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anita Hällgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Lidén C, White IR. Increasing non-cosmetic exposure and sensitization to isothiazolinones require action for prevention: Review. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:445-457. [PMID: 38382085 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Frequent use of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI in cosmetic products has been the main cause of widespread sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis to these preservatives (biocides). Their use in non-cosmetic products is also an important source of sensitization. Less is known about sensitization rates and use of benzisothiazolinone (BIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), and dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT), which have never been permitted in cosmetic products in Europe. BIT and OIT have occasionally been routinely patch-tested. These preservatives are often used together in chemical products and articles. In this study, we review the occurrence of contact allergy to MI, BIT, OIT, and DCOIT over time, based on concomitant patch testing in large studies, and case reports. We review EU legislations, and we discuss the role of industry, regulators, and dermatology in prevention of sensitization and protection of health. The frequency of contact allergy to MI, BIT, and OIT has increased. The frequency of contact allergy to DCOIT is not known because it has seldom been patch-tested. Label information on isothiazolinones in chemical products and articles, irrespective of concentration, is required for assessment of relevance, information to patients, and avoidance of exposure and allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Lidén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian R White
- Cutaneous Allergy, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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3
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Rizzo M, Bordignon M, Bertoli P, Biasiol G, Crosera M, Magnano GC, Marussi G, Negro C, Larese Filon F. Exposure to gallium arsenide nanoparticles in a research facility: a case study using molecular beam epitaxy. Nanotoxicology 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38647006 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2341893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated GaAs nanoparticle-concentrations in the air and on skin and surfaces in a research facility that produces thin films, and to monitored As in the urine of exposed worker. The survey was over a working week using a multi-level approach. Airborne personal monitoring was implemented using a miniature diffusion size classifier (DiSCMini) and IOM sampler. Environmental monitoring was conducted using the SKC Sioutas Cascade Impactor to evaluate dimensions and nature of particles collected. Surfaces contamination were assessed analyzing As and Ga in ghost wipes. Skin contamination was monitored using tape strips. As and Ga were analyzed in urines collected every day at the beginning and end of the shift. The greatest airborne exposure occurred during the cutting operations of the GaAs Sample (88883 np/cm3). The highest levels of contamination were found inside the hood (As max = 1418 ng/cm2) and on the laboratory floor (As max = 251 ng/cm2). The average concentration on the worker's skin at the end of the work shift (3.36 ng/cm2) was more than 14 times higher than before the start of the shift. In weekly urinary biomonitoring an average As concentration of 19.5 µg/L, which was above the Società Italiana Valori di Riferimento (SIVR) reference limit for the non-occupational population (2.0 - 15 µg/L), but below the ACGIH limit (30 µg/L). Overall, airborne monitoring, surface sampling, skin sampling, and biomonitoring of worker confirmed the exposure to As of workers. Systematic cleaning operations, hood implementation and correct PPE management are needed to improve worker protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rizzo
- Inter-University Degree Course in Prevention Techniques in the Environment and Workplaces, University of Udine and Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Bordignon
- Inter-University Degree Course in Prevention Techniques in the Environment and Workplaces, University of Udine and Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Bertoli
- Clinical Operational Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Crosera
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Greta Camilla Magnano
- Clinical Operational Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marussi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Corrado Negro
- Clinical Operational Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Larese Filon
- Clinical Operational Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Therkorn JH, Mathewson BA, Laursen CJ, Maberti S, Aizenberg V, Dinkelacker BT, Rege S. Methods to assess dermal exposures in occupational settings: a scoping review. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:351-365. [PMID: 38466914 PMCID: PMC11033572 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The dermal exposure route is expected to become increasingly significant relative to total worker exposure as inhalational exposure limits continue to decrease. However, standardization of occupational exposure assessment methods and scientific consensus are needed. This is the first scoping review mapping the literature across all dermal exposure assessment methods and their targeted substances/chemicals in occupational settings. METHODS Eligibility criteria broadly included studies reporting any noninvasive dermal exposure assessment method in an occupational setting. The literature search (Web of Science and MEDLINE) was restricted to peer-reviewed, primary literature published in the last 20 years (2002-2022). Titles/abstracts were dual independently screened. Data charting was performed by a single reviewer using standard template. All stages were pilot tested. The JBI (formerly, the Joanna Briggs Institute) scoping review methods and PRISMA-ScR checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) were used. RESULTS In total, 493 articles were data charted and categorized by 4 study types: methods development (22%), exposure assessment (51%), health outcomes (21%), and controls assessment (6%). Fourteen types of dermal exposure assessment methods were charted with biomarkers (51%), dosimeters (21%), and qualitative assessments such as questionnaires or surveys (17%) most common. Seventeen different chemicals/substances were charted; pesticides (28%) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (22%) associated with crude oil products and combustion were most common. Mapping between substances and exposure assessment method categories, pesticide dosimeters (11%), and PAH biomarker studies (14%) were most reported. Literature gaps were identified for cleaning agents, hair dyes, glycol ether, N,N-dimethylformamide/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dioxins, and bisphenol A. CONCLUSIONS To foster scientific consensus, standardization across study reporting is needed for describing: (i) exposure assessment methods used, (ii) worker tasking/conditions, (iii) targeted substances and substance state, and (iv) targeted exposure routes. Overall, this review categorizes, maps, and defines the scope of literature for occupational dermal exposure assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Therkorn
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 U.S. Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ, United States
| | - Brittany A Mathewson
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 U.S. Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ, United States
| | - Christopher J Laursen
- ExxonMobil Technology & Engineering, 22777 Springwoods Village Parkway, Spring, TX, United States
| | - Silvia Maberti
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 U.S. Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ, United States
| | - Vitaly Aizenberg
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 U.S. Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ, United States
| | - Brian T Dinkelacker
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 U.S. Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ, United States
| | - Saumitra Rege
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 U.S. Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ, United States
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Jacobs N, Kougias DG, Louie F, Roberts B. A screening-level human health risk assessment of dietary intake of pesticide residues in produce as compared to consumer guide recommendations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38626048 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2316136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Consumers are confronted with conflicting information regarding the safety of specific foods. For example, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) publishes an annual consumer guide in which they rank the pesticide contamination of 46 popular fruits and vegetables, which includes designating the 12 with the greatest pesticide contamination as the "Dirty Dozen," to help consumers reduce exposures to toxic pesticides. However, consumer guides like EWG's only incorporate some hazard assessment principles and do not reflect a dietary risk assessment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply risk assessment techniques to EWG's Dirty Dozen list using a uniform screening-level approach to estimate pesticide exposures for U.S. consumers and to characterize the associated chronic human health risks. The most commonly detected pesticide and its representative residue concentrations were identified for each produce type on the 2022 Dirty Dozen list using the USDA Pesticide Data Program database. Estimates of mean dietary consumption in the U.S. were used to calculate dietary exposure to each pesticide-produce combination for adults and children. Pesticide-specific U.S. EPA dietary health-based guidance values (HBGVs) were then used as benchmarks to evaluate the chronic human health risk of consuming each produce type. Overall, the estimated daily exposure for each pesticide-produce combination was below the corresponding HBGV for all exposure scenarios. The current analysis demonstrates that excessive produce-specific pesticide exposure is unexpected as the amount of produce that would need to be consumed on a chronic basis, even among children, far exceeds typical dietary intake. Future research is necessary to assess acute dietary exposure scenarios and to consider cumulative risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fian Louie
- Insight Exposure & Risk Sciences Group, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kelly JT, McNamara LE, Hoover ME, Rubenstein HM, Houthuijs K, Martens J. Development of Nontargeted Workflow of Occupational Exposure by Infrared Ion Spectroscopy and Silicone Wristbands' Passive Sampling. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2024. [PMID: 38564189 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A new approach using orthogonal analytical techniques is developed for chemical identification. High resolution mass spectrometry and infrared ion spectroscopy are applied through a 5-level confidence paradigm to demonstrate the effectiveness of nontargeted workflow for the identification of hazardous organophosphates. Triphenyl phosphate is used as a surrogate organophosphate for occupational exposure, and silicone wristbands are used to represent personal samplers. Spectral data of a target compound is combined with spectral data of the sodium adduct and quantum chemical calculations to achieve a confirmed identification. Here, we demonstrate a nontargeted workflow that identifies organophosphate exposure and provides a mechanism for selecting validated methods for quantitative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Kelly
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - Louis E McNamara
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - Megan E Hoover
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - H Mitchell Rubenstein
- United States Air Force - Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 Fifth Street, Area B, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Kas Houthuijs
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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D'Haens G, Rosario M, Polhamus D, Dirks NL, Chen C, Kisfalvi K, Agboton C, Vermeire S, Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ. Exposure-efficacy relationship of vedolizumab subcutaneous and intravenous formulations in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:403-412. [PMID: 38441048 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2318465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This posthoc analysis of the GEMINI and VISIBLE studies in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) assessed exposure-efficacy of vedolizumab intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC). METHODS A previously described population pharmacokinetic model was used to predict average serum and trough concentrations at steady state (Cav,ss, Ctrough,ss) and simulate the transition from vedolizumab IV to SC. Efficacy was defined as clinical remission at week 52: complete Mayo score ≤ 2 points and no individual subscore > 1 point (UC), and CD activity index score ≤ 150 points (CD). RESULTS Data were from 1968 patients (GEMINI 1 [n = 334], VISIBLE 1 [n = 216], GEMINI 2 [n = 1009], VISIBLE 2 [n = 409]) who received maintenance treatment with vedolizumab IV-Q8W, IV-Q4W, SC-Q2W, or placebo. Model-predicted Cav,ss for IV-Q8W and SC-Q2W was similar in UC and CD. Cav,ss was higher for IV-Q4W than IV-Q8W and SC-Q2W. Ctrough,ss values from IV and SC aligned well with pooled observed Ctrough by treatment group in UC and CD. Cav,ss was equivalent for SC and IV. For UC and CD, efficacy rates were greater in patients in the highest quartiles of vedolizumab exposure for both formulations. CONCLUSION Exposure-efficacy relationships for IV and SC vedolizumab administration were comparable, confirming that both are equally effective during maintenance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Rosario
- Takeda Development Center Americas Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Chunlin Chen
- Takeda Development Center Americas Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research in GastroIntestinal Disorders, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Alvarez-Velazquez MF, González-Jáuregui M, Miranda SA, Rosano-Ortega G, Chapman CA, Serio-Silva JC. Lead exposure and its relationship with fecal cortisol levels in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra). Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23600. [PMID: 38263846 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Efficiently detecting early environmental threats to wildlife is vital for conservation. Beyond obvious dangers like habitat loss or deforestation, our study focuses on one of the most hazardous toxic metals for wildlife: lead (Pb). Pb is a widespread, cumulative, and insidious environmental pollutant that can trigger a wide range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral disorders. In fact, Pb can cause permanent dysfunction of the major stress system, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. We analyzed Pb and cortisol concentrations in fecal samples from Alouatta pigra in southern Mexico. Fecal samples were collected across six sites categorized as free-ranging (n = 65; conserved and disturbed) and from captive animals (n = 58). Additionally, we collected soil samples (n = 35). We found that Pb was present in 28% of fecal samples and 83% of soil samples. There was a positive relation between fecal and soil Pb levels, and fecal Pb concentration was negatively associated with cortisol levels. However, the claim of Pb being a direct interference with HPA axis requires further investigation. Given our findings, assessing wildlife exposure can be a valuable tool for understanding potential Pb exposure levels in the environment and its possible implications for human health. It can also serve as an early warning system of these consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio González-Jáuregui
- Centro de Estudios de Desarrollo Sustentable y Aprovechamiento de la Vida Silvestre (CEDESU), Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (UACam), Campeche, México
| | - Sergio Albino Miranda
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, México
| | - Genoveva Rosano-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, Canada
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Carlos Serio-Silva
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, México
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Elgenidy A, Odat RM, Al-Ghorbany HA, Shahin HN, Abdel-Bary IS, AbdulHamid RA, Dhahab A, Salem M, Negm YA, El Attar NM, Abdelfattah AA, Khaliel MM, Moawad SM, Afifi AM. Arsenic's shadowy influence: A systematic review of its carcinogenic role in gallbladder cancer. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2024. [PMID: 38561626 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma are aggressive forms of cancer developed in the gallbladder and biliary tracts which are related to the liver. This systematic review aimed to highlight the significant association between gallbladder, biliary cancers, and arsenic exposure. METHODS An extensive search was conducted in Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included studies that assessed arsenic levels in gallbladder cancer patients, without restrictions on age, sex, or language. Biological samples, such blood, bile, gallbladder tissue, gallstones, and hair were obtained, and arsenic levels were measured. Also, arsenic water and soil concentrations were collected. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included in our review. These studies included 2234 non-gallbladder carcinoma patients and 22 585 gallbladder carcinoma cases. The participant demographics showed a gender distribution of 862 males and 1845 females, with an age range of 20-75 years. The average body mass index (BMI) was 19.8 kg/m2 for nongallbladder carcinoma patients and 20.1 kg/m2 for gallbladder carcinoma cases. The selected studies examined arsenic concentrations across various biological samples, including blood, hair, gallstones, and bile. Blood arsenic levels ranged from 0.0002 to 0.3893 μg/g and were significantly associated with increased gallbladder carcinoma risk in several studies. Hair also demonstrated a significant correlation, with arsenic concentrations ranging from 0.0002 to 6.9801 μg/g. CONCLUSION There is a strong link between arsenic exposure and gallbladder cancer or cholangiocarcinoma. Even chronic exposure to low-moderate amounts could lead to gallbladder carcinoma. These findings stress the need for more comprehensive and dedicated studies, to control arsenic water/soil levels and seek other preventive measures for this high mortality disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Elgenidy
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - Ramez M Odat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | | | | | - Amal Dhahab
- Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Salem
- Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Youmna A Negm
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mai M Khaliel
- Faculty of medicine, Alexandria university, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Afifi
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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10
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Kouiti M, Castillo-Hermoso MÁ, Youlyouz-Marfak I, Khan KS, Thangaratinam S, Olmedo-Requena R, Zamora J, Jiménez-Moléon JJ. Persistent organic pollutant exposure as a risk factor of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2024; 131:579-588. [PMID: 38044810 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings related to the association between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To estimate the strength of the association between POP exposure and GDM in a systematic review with meta-analysis. SEARCH STRATEGY MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched until July 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA Cohort and case-control studies analysing the association between POPs and GDM. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We assessed the risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies scale (QUIPS). Standardised mean differences were pooled using random-effect models. MAIN RESULTS Sixteen articles including 12 216 participants were selected. The risk of bias was high in four articles (25%), moderate in 11 (68.75%) and low in one (6.25%). Small mean difference between GDM cases and controls was observed for PFHpA (0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.35, I2 = 0.0%), PCB180 (0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.56; I2 = 25.3%), BDE47 (0.23, 95% CI 0.0-0.45, I2 = 0%), BDE99 (0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.59; I2 = 0%), BDE100 (0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.64; I2 = 0%) and HCB (0.22, 95% CI 0.01-0.42, I2 = 39.6%). No considerable difference was observed for the rest of POPs. CONCLUSION Small mean differences between GDM cases and controls were observed for some POPs. However, evidence shows mostly moderate quality and results were heterogeneous. Improved research methodology is needed to assess POPs and GDM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Kouiti
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | | | - Ibtissam Youlyouz-Marfak
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Saeed Khan
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Zamora
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Ramon y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moléon
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Wang J, Zhao C, Feng J, Sun P, Zhang Y, Han A, Zhang Y, Ma H. Advances in understanding the reproductive toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in women. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1390247. [PMID: 38606320 PMCID: PMC11007058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1390247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a noticeable increase in disorders of the female reproductive system, accompanied by a rise in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This trend is increasingly being linked to environmental pollution, particularly through the lens of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). These external agents disrupt natural processes of hormones, including synthesis, metabolism, secretion, transport, binding, as well as elimination. These disruptions can significantly impair human reproductive functions. A wealth of animal studies and epidemiological research indicates that exposure to toxic environmental factors can interfere with the endocrine system's normal functioning, resulting in negative reproductive outcomes. However, the mechanisms of these adverse effects are largely unknown. This work reviews the reproductive toxicity of five major environmental EDCs-Bisphenol A (BPA), Phthalates (PAEs), Triclocarban Triclosan and Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)-to lay a foundational theoretical basis for further toxicological study of EDCs. Additionally, it aims to spark advancements in the prevention and treatment of female reproductive toxicity caused by these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguang Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Chunwu Zhao
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center of Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Fangzi District People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Ailing Han
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yuemin Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Huagang Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center of Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
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12
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Stam R. New developments in cosmetic applications of electromagnetic fields: Client and occupational hazard assessment. Bioelectromagnetics 2024. [PMID: 38533721 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Energy-based devices are used to improve features of appearance for aesthetic reasons while avoiding more invasive methods. Examples of treatment targets are the reduction of wrinkles, sagging, unwanted skin lesions, body hair and excess fatty tissue, and the enhancement of muscle tissue. One treatment modality is the use of electromagnetic fields (EMF, 0‒300 GHz). The present work aims to give an up-to-date survey of cosmetic applications of EMF for professional use with an assessment of client and worker exposure and possible adverse effects. A systematic search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles (2007-2022), patents, premarket notifications, manufacturer data, and adverse effects reports. Five categories of cosmetic EMF device with increasing frequency were identified: sinusoid low frequency magnetic fields for lipolysis; pulsed low frequency magnetic fields for skin rejuvenation; pulsed low frequency magnetic fields for muscle building; radiofrequency EMF for lipolysis or skin rejuvenation; microwaves for hair removal or hyperhidrosis. In the vicinity of the last four device categories, there is a potential for exceeding the occupational exposure limits in the European Union EMF Directive, which could lead to nerve or muscle stimulation, burns or overheating. There are also potential hazards for clients or workers wearing active or passive medical devices. The severity of reported adverse effects increases with EMF frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Stam
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Westerhout J, den Heijer-Jordaan A, Princen HMG, Stierum R. A systems toxicology approach for identification of disruptions in cholesterol homeostasis after aggregated exposure to mixtures of perfluorinated compounds in humans. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:191-209. [PMID: 38243716 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used in various household and industrial products. In humans, positive associations were reported between PFAS, including perfluorsulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid, and cholesterol, a cardiometabolic risk factor. Animal studies show the opposite. Human-centered approaches are needed to better understand the effects of PFAS mixtures on cholesterol. Here, a systems toxicology approach is described, using a gene-centered cholesterol biokinetic model. PFAS exposure-gene expression relations from published data were introduced into the model. An existing PFAS physiologically based kinetic model was augmented with lung and dermal compartments and integrated with the cholesterol model to enable exposure-effect modeling. The final model was populated with data reflecting lifetime mixture exposure from: tolerable weekly intake values; the environment; high occupational exposures (ski waxing, PFAS industry). Results indicate that low level exposures (tolerable weekly intake, environmental) did not change cholesterol. In contrast, occupational exposures clearly resulted in internal PFAS exposure and disruption of cholesterol homeostasis, largely in line with epidemiological observations. Despite model limitations (eg, dynamic range, directionality), changes in cholesterol homeostasis were predicted for ski waxers, hitherto unknown from epidemiological studies. Here, future studies involving lipid metabolism could improve risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Westerhout
- TNO Risk Analysis for Products in Development, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rob Stierum
- TNO Risk Analysis for Products in Development, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wong SW, Chew SP, Abdul Aziz SA, Mohamed Shah N. Exposure to potentially harmful excipients in medications among neonates at a state hospital in Malaysia. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38459761 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2327462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the incidence, types and predictors of Potentially Harmful Excipients (PHE) exposure among hospitalized neonates. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted from March to April 2022 in neonatal wards at a state hospital in Malaysia. The PHEs of interest were aspartame, benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid or benzoates, ethanol, parabens, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, saccharin sodium, sorbitol and sulfites. Product information leaflets (PILs) and summaries of product characteristics (SPCs) were referred to obtain information on active pharmaceutical ingredient, strength, trade name as well as type and amount of the excipients. RESULTS A total of 108 neonates were recruited and 97.2% of them were exposed to at least one PHE. Parabens (47.2%) and sulfites (27.5%) were the two most commonly administered PHEs. Benzyl alcohol is contraindicated in neonates but was administered to 8% of neonates in this study. The median daily dose of ethanol (24.11 mg/kg/day, IQR 19.73, 28.49) exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI) by four times. However, the dose was not available for all PHEs as this information is not always available in the PIL or SPC. Administration of cardiovascular drugs was associated with a higher risk of exposure to any PHE (OR 6.38, CI 2.75, 14.79, p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The exposure of PHE among neonates in this study is high with certain PHEs exceeding the ADI. It highlights the need for certain strategies to be implemented to reduce such exposure in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shien Woan Wong
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Soo Piing Chew
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Siti Azdiah Abdul Aziz
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraida Mohamed Shah
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sawicka D, Chojnacka-Puchta L, Zapór L, Miranowicz-Dzierżawska K, Skowroń J. [The exposure routes of micro- and nanoplastics and their potential toxic effects on human health]. Med Pr 2024; 75:81-96. [PMID: 38523503 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the classification of micro- and nanoplastics (MNP), the routes of their exposure and the effects of MNP on the reproductive, respiratory, digestive and immune systems based on in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as available epidemiological data. The MNP can enter our body through inhalation, food or skin. The presence of microplastics (MP) in tap, bottled and deep sea water, as well as in sea salt, fruit and vegetables has been demonstrated. Due to their small size, MNP can be absorbed and easily distributed through the blood and lymphatic vessel system to tissues and organs. Recent studies have provided evidence of the accumulation of MNP in human lungs and even in the placenta. The accumulation of MNP in the body may have long-term effects and lead to health problems in humans, such as bronchitis, development of asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation and cancer. The information included in the article gives partial insight into how MNP may affect the human body. However, to fully assess the toxicity of MNP, comprehensive research is necessary, including standardization of MNP detection techniques and determination of the MNP content in food and water. It is also advisable to assess toxicokinetic parameters, as well as to determine the daily dose of exposure and interaction of MNP with various cells. Insufficient data on direct exposure to MNP in the work environment, as well as in other public places, constitutes a factor hindering the establishment of appropriate legal standards. In 2024, work on establishing the first act of EU law enabling the monitoring of MP in drinking water should be completed, which raises great hopes that in the future limit values for MNP in water and food and in workplaces will also be established. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(1):81-96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sawicka
- Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy / Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Polska (Zakład Zagrożeń Chemicznych, Pyłowych i Biologicznych / Department of Chemicals, Aerosols and Biological Hazards)
| | - Luiza Chojnacka-Puchta
- Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy / Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Polska (Zakład Zagrożeń Chemicznych, Pyłowych i Biologicznych / Department of Chemicals, Aerosols and Biological Hazards)
| | - Lidia Zapór
- Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy / Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Polska (Zakład Zagrożeń Chemicznych, Pyłowych i Biologicznych / Department of Chemicals, Aerosols and Biological Hazards)
| | - Katarzyna Miranowicz-Dzierżawska
- Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy / Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Polska (Zakład Zagrożeń Chemicznych, Pyłowych i Biologicznych / Department of Chemicals, Aerosols and Biological Hazards)
| | - Jolanta Skowroń
- Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy / Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Polska (Zakład Zagrożeń Chemicznych, Pyłowych i Biologicznych / Department of Chemicals, Aerosols and Biological Hazards)
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16
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Nederlof RA, van der Veen D, Perrault JR, Bast R, Barron HW, Bakker J. Emerging Insights into Brevetoxicosis in Sea Turtles. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:991. [PMID: 38612230 PMCID: PMC11010821 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding of how brevetoxins, produced by Karenia brevis during harmful algal blooms, impact sea turtle health. Sea turtles may be exposed to brevetoxins through ingestion, inhalation, maternal transfer, and potentially absorption through the skin. Brevetoxins bind to voltage-gated sodium channels in the central nervous system, disrupting cellular function and inducing neurological symptoms in affected sea turtles. Moreover, the current evidence suggests a broader and longer-term impact on sea turtle health beyond what is seen during stranding events. Diagnosis relies on the detection of brevetoxins in tissues and plasma from stranded turtles. The current treatment of choice, intravenous lipid emulsion therapy, may rapidly reduce symptoms and brevetoxin concentrations, improving survival rates. Monitoring, prevention, and control strategies for harmful algal blooms are discussed. However, as the frequency and severity of blooms are expected to increase due to climate change and increased environmental pollution, continued research is needed to better understand the sublethal effects of brevetoxins on sea turtles and the impact on hatchlings, as well as the pharmacokinetic mechanisms underlying brevetoxicosis. Moreover, research into the optimization of treatments may help to protect endangered sea turtle populations in the face of this growing threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin R. Perrault
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, Juno Beach, FL 33408, USA; (J.R.P.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Robin Bast
- Clinic for the Rehabilitation of Wildlife, Inc., Sanibel, FL 33957, USA;
| | - Heather W. Barron
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, Juno Beach, FL 33408, USA; (J.R.P.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands;
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17
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Stein J, El-Haj-Mohamad R, Stammel N, Vöhringer M, Wagner B, Nesterko Y, Böttche M, Knaevelsrud C. Changes in trauma appraisal during brief internet-based exposure and cognitive restructuring treatment for Arabic-speaking people with PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2324631. [PMID: 38511498 PMCID: PMC10962287 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2324631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Maladaptive trauma appraisal plays an important role in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of exposure and cognitive treatments for PTSD symptomatology, the effect of such treatments on specific trauma appraisals is still not well understood.Objective: The study investigated the effect of an exposure and a cognitive restructuring internet-based treatment on specific trauma appraisals in Arabic-speaking participants with PTSD.Method: 334 participants received either an exposure (n = 167) or a cognitive restructuring (n = 167) internet-based treatment. PTSD symptom severity (PCL-5) and specific trauma appraisals (TAQ) were assessed at pre- and post-treatment. Changes in specific trauma appraisals within and between the two treatments were analyzed using multi-group change modelling. Associations between changes in PTSD symptom severity and changes in trauma appraisals were evaluated using Pearson product-moment correlation. For both treatments, participants with versus without reliable improvement were compared regarding changes in specific trauma appraisals using Welch tests. Analyses were performed on 100 multiple imputed datasets.Results: Both treatments yielded significant changes in shame, self-blame, fear, anger, and alienation (all ps < .001). Changes in betrayal were only significant in the cognitive restructuring treatment (p < .001). There was no evidence of differences between treatments for any specific trauma appraisal. Changes in PTSD symptom severity were significantly associated with changes in trauma appraisals (all ps < .001). In both treatments, participants who experienced reliable improvement in PTSD symptom severity showed significantly larger pre- to post-treatment changes in specific trauma appraisals compared to those without reliable improvement. Again, differences in betrayal were only significant in the cognitive restructuring treatment.Conclusions: The findings indicate that both treatments are effective in reducing trauma appraisals in Arabic-speaking people with PTSD. Changes in trauma appraisal seem to be associated with changes in PTSD symptomatology.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register identifier: DRKS00010245.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stein
- Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Transcultural and Traumatic Stress Studies, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rayan El-Haj-Mohamad
- Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Transcultural and Traumatic Stress Studies, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Stammel
- Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Vöhringer
- Department for Transcultural and Traumatic Stress Studies, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Wagner
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuriy Nesterko
- Department for Transcultural and Traumatic Stress Studies, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Böttche
- Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Chuang SH, Kuo YJ, Huang SW, Zhang HW, Peng HC, Chen YP. Association Between Long‑Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Rate of Mortality After Hip Fracture Surgery in Patients Older Than 60 Years: Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e46591. [PMID: 38342504 PMCID: PMC10985614 DOI: 10.2196/46591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance postoperative patient survival, particularly in older adults, understanding the predictors of mortality following hip fracture becomes paramount. Air pollution, a prominent global environmental issue, has been linked to heightened morbidity and mortality across a spectrum of diseases. Nevertheless, the precise impact of air pollution on hip fracture outcomes remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aims to comprehensively investigate the profound influence of a decade-long exposure to 12 diverse air pollutants on the risk of post-hip fracture mortality among older Taiwanese patients (older than 60 years). We hypothesized that enduring long-term exposure to air pollution would significantly elevate the 1-year mortality rate following hip fracture surgery. METHODS From Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we obtained the data of patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between July 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Using patients' insurance registration data, we estimated their cumulative exposure levels to sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter having a size of <10 μm (PM10), particulate matter having a size of <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOX), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total hydrocarbons (THC), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and methane (CH4). We quantified the dose-response relationship between these air pollutants and the risk of mortality by calculating hazard ratios associated with a 1 SD increase in exposure levels over a decade. RESULTS Long-term exposure to SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOX, NO, NO2, THC, NMHC, and CH4 demonstrated significant associations with heightened all-cause mortality risk within 1 year post hip fracture surgery among older adults. For older adults, each 1 SD increment in the average exposure levels of SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOX, NO, NO2, THC, NMHC, and CH4 corresponded to a substantial escalation in mortality risk, with increments of 14%, 49%, 18%, 12%, 41%, 33%, 38%, 20%, 9%, and 26%, respectively. We further noted a 35% reduction in the hazard ratio for O3 exposure suggesting a potential protective effect, along with a trend of potentially protective effects of CO2. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive nationwide retrospective study, grounded in a population-based approach, demonstrated that long-term exposure to specific air pollutants significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality within 1 year after hip fracture surgery in older Taiwanese adults. A reduction in the levels of SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOX, NO, NO2, THC, NMHC, and CH4 may reduce the risk of mortality after hip fracture surgery. This study provides robust evidence and highlights the substantial impact of air pollution on the outcomes of hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Chuang
- Division of General Practice, Department of Medical Education, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung City, Taitung County, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Zhang
- MetaTrial Research Center, Biomedica Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Peng
- MetaTrial Research Center, Biomedica Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Koh DH, Choi S, Park JH, Lee SG, Kim HC, Kim I, Lim D, Seo H, Park DU. Development of occupation-based exposure matrix of lead for Korean workers: challenges and opportunities. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:256-268. [PMID: 38377017 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Industry- and occupation-based carcinogen exposure matrices play a pivotal role in preventing occupational cancer. While the Korean CARcinogen EXposure (K-CAREX) has been developed in recent years to assess exposure prevalence and intensity by industry, the feasibility of constructing an occupation-based exposure matrix remains unexplored. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the potential of combining the nationwide work environment measurement database (WEMD) and the special health examination database (SHED) to develop a comprehensive occupation-based exposure matrix. METHODS The WEMD provides information on airborne lead measurements, including industry codes, but it does not include data related to occupations. In contrast, the SHED contains information on both occupation and blood lead levels. By integrating these 2 databases, we attempted to assess airborne lead exposure levels by occupation. Additionally, we performed a rank correlation analysis to compare the airborne exposure levels with corresponding blood lead levels according to occupation. RESULTS A total of 35 425 workers who both wore air samplers for lead and underwent special health examinations for lead were extracted between 2019 and 2021. An occupation-based exposure matrix was developed to evaluate the intensity of lead exposure across a range of occupations, encompassing 51 minor occupations and 70-unit occupations. Rank correlation analyses showed strong positive correlations between airborne lead and blood lead measurements according to occupation. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings suggest that combining 2 nationwide surveillance databases can be an effective approach for creating an occupation-based exposure matrix. However, our results also highlight several limitations that need to be addressed in future studies to improve the accuracy and reliability of such matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, 25, Simgok-ro 100beon-gil, Seo-gu, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Sangjun Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Catholic Institute for Public Health and Healthcare Management, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, 30 Phildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, 400, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-Ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Daesung Lim
- Hansung Health and Safety Technology Co., Ltd., 803, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34165, Korea
| | - Hoekyeong Seo
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, 400, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, 86, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03087, Korea
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20
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Diawara MO, Li S, Zhang M, Bigambo FM, Yang X, Wang X, Dong T, Wu D, Yan C, Xia Y. Evaluation of multiple organophosphate insecticide exposure in relation to altered thyroid hormones in NHANES 2007-2008 adult population. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 273:116139. [PMID: 38428240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is susceptible to chemical exposure such as organophosphate insecticides (OPIs). With the ubiquitous nature of these products, humans are simultaneously exposed to a multitude of chemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the association between an individual and a mixture of OPI metabolites and changes in serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations. The analyzed data were 1,434 participants from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycle 2007-2008. Generalized linear model (GLM) regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS), and adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (adaptive LASSO) regression were used to investigate the associations between urinary OPI metabolites and altered serum THs. In GLM, all of the five urinary OPI metabolites were inversely associated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) among the male subjects; meanwhile, higher thyroglobulin (Tg) was related to dimethylphosphate (DMP). Moreover, in WQS models, the metabolite mixture induced FT3 down-regulation (β = -0.209 (95% CI: -0.310, -0.114)), and caused an increased Tg concentration (β = 0.120 (95% CI: 0.024, 0.212)), however, any significant association was observed among female participants. Consistently, the weighted index and LASSO coefficient demonstrated dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) as the strongest metabolite in the FT3 model (mean weight= 3.449e-01 and β =-0.022, respectively), and dimethylphosphate (DMP) represented the highest association in the Tg model (mean weight= 9.873e-01 and β =-0.020, respectively). Further research is required to confirm our results and investigate the clinical impacts of these disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massira Ousseni Diawara
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chenghao Yan
- Department of Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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21
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Voderholzer U, Meule A, Koch S, Pfeuffer S, Netter AL, Lehr D, Zisler EM. Effectiveness of One Videoconference-Based Exposure and Response Prevention Session at Home in Adjunction to Inpatient Treatment in Persons With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Nonrandomized Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e52790. [PMID: 38477970 DOI: 10.2196/52790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapist-guided exposure and response prevention (ERP) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is frequently conducted within clinical settings but rarely at places where patients are usually confronted with OCD symptom-provoking situations in daily life (eg, at home). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate patients' views on 1 ERP session at home via videoconference and its impact on treatment outcome. METHODS A total of 64 inpatients with OCD received 1 session of therapist-guided videoconference-based ERP at home in adjunction to a multimodal inpatient treatment between 2015 and 2020. RESULTS Compared with 64 age- and sex-matched controls who received a multimodal inpatient treatment without 1 session of videoconference-based ERP at home, patients who received 1 session of videoconference-based ERP in adjunction to a multimodal inpatient treatment showed stronger reductions in OCD symptom severity from admission to discharge. Before the videoconference-based ERP session, patients reported high rationale credibility and treatment expectancy. After the videoconference-based ERP session, patients reported medium-to-high positive mood as well as depth and smoothness of the session, and they perceived the working alliance as high. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of administering therapist-guided ERP sessions in patients' natural environment to enhance treatment response in OCD. Videoconference-based ERP as add-on to treatment as usual is, therefore, a promising approach to facilitate the application of ERP in patients' natural environment and foster the generalization of ERP conducted in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Meule
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | | | | | - Dirk Lehr
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Zisler
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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Hashim M, Arif H, Tabassum B, Rehman S, Bajaj P, Sirohi R, Khan MFA. An overview of the ameliorative efficacy of Catharanthus roseus extract against Cd 2+ toxicity: implications for human health and remediation strategies. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1327611. [PMID: 38525339 PMCID: PMC10957771 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization has led to an increase in cadmium pollution, a dangerously toxic heavy metal. Cadmium (Cd) is released into the environment through industrial processes and can contaminate air, water, and soil. This pollution poses a significant risk to human health and has become a pressing concern in many industrialized areas. Due to its extended half-life, it leads to a range of health problems, including hepato-nephritic toxicity, brain damage, and degenerative bone disorders. Intoxication alters various intracellular parameters, leading to inflammation, tissue injury, and oxidative stress within cells, which disrupts normal cellular functions and can eventually result in cell death. It has also been linked to the development of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. These adverse effects highlight the urgent need to address cadmium pollution and find effective solutions to mitigate its impact on human health. This article highlights the Cd-induced risks and the role of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) extract as a source of alternative medicine in alleviating the symptoms. Numerous herbal remedies often contain certain bioactive substances, such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which have the power to mitigate these adverse effects by acting as antioxidants and lowering oxidative cell damage. Research conducted in the field of alternative medicine has revealed its enormous potential to meet demands that may be effectively used in safeguarding humans and their environment. The point of this review is to investigate whether C. roseus extract, known for its bioactive substances, is being investigated for its potential to mitigate the harmful effects of cadmium on health. Further investigation is needed to fully understand its effectiveness. Moreover, it is important to explore the potential environmental benefits of using C. roseus extract to reduce the negative effects of Cd. This review conducted in the field of alternative medicine has revealed its enormous potential to meet demands that could have significant implications for both human health and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashim
- Department of Biochemistry, S. S. Faculty of Science, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur, UP, India
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Govt. Raza P. G. College, Rampur, UP, India
| | - Hussain Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Baby Tabassum
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Govt. Raza P. G. College, Rampur, UP, India
| | - Shahnawaz Rehman
- IIRC-1, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Priya Bajaj
- Department of Zoology, Govt. P. G. College Noida, Noida, India
| | - Rekha Sirohi
- Department of Biochemistry, S. S. Faculty of Science, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur, UP, India
| | - Mohd Faizan Ali Khan
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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23
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Naim R, Dombek K, German RE, Haller SP, Kircanski K, Brotman MA. An Exposure-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth with Severe Irritability: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2024; 53:260-276. [PMID: 37851393 PMCID: PMC11024061 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2264385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinically impairing irritability and temper outbursts are among the most common psychiatric problems in youth and present transdiagnostically; however, few mechanistically informed treatments have been developed. Here, we test the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of a novel exposure-based treatment with integrated parent management skills for youth with severe irritability using a randomized between-subjects multiple baseline design. METHOD N = 41 patients (Age, Mean (SD) = 11.23 years (1.85), 62.5% male, 77.5% white) characterized by severe and impairing temper outbursts and irritability were randomized to different baseline observation durations (2, 4, or 6 weeks) prior to active treatment; 40 participants completed the 12 session treatment of exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for irritability with integrated parent management skills. Masked clinician ratings were acquired throughout baseline and treatment phases, as well as 3- and 6-months post-treatment. To examine acceptability and feasibility, drop-out rates and adverse events were examined. Primary clinical outcome measures included clinician-administered measures of irritability severity and improvement. Secondary clinical outcome measures included multi-informant measures of irritability, depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. RESULTS No patients dropped out once treatment began, and no adverse events were reported. Irritability symptoms improved during the active phase of treatment across all measurements (all βs > -0.04, ps < .011, Cohen's d range: -0.33 to -0.98). Treatment gains were maintained at follow-up (all βs(39) < -0.001, ps > .400). Sixty-five percent of patients were considered significantly improved or recovered post-treatment based on the primary clinician-rated outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS Results support acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of this novel treatment for youth with severe irritability. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Naim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly Dombek
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramaris E. German
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simone P. Haller
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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24
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Elston DM. Letter from the Editor: Chemical exposure and sclerosing disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:477-478. [PMID: 37207949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Elston
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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25
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Butler RM, Crumby EK, Christian C, Brosof LC, Vanzhula IA, Levinson CA. Facing Eating Disorder Fears: An Open Trial Adapting Prolonged Exposure to the Treatment of Eating Disorders. Behav Ther 2024; 55:347-360. [PMID: 38418045 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are maintained by core fears, which lead to avoidance behaviors, such as food avoidance or compensatory behaviors. Previously tested exposure-based treatments for EDs have generally focused on proximal outcomes (e.g., food), rather than addressing core fears (e.g., fear of weight gain and its consequences). The current study tested the feasibility and initial clinical efficacy of 10 sessions of imaginal and in vivo exposure for core ED fears (termed "Facing Eating Disorder Fears"), mainly fear of weight gain and its associated consequences. Participants were 36 adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, or other specified feeding and eating disorders determined by semistructured diagnostic interviews. ED symptoms, fears, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up. Treatment involved 10 sessions of imaginal and in vivo exposure to ED fears in combination with in vivo exposures to feared and avoided situations as homework. ED symptoms and fears decreased from pre- to posttreatment and at 1-month follow-up. BMI increased significantly from pre- to posttreatment, particularly for those with AN. Effect sizes ranged from small to very large. ED symptoms and fears decreased and BMI increased following exposure. Increases in BMI occurred without any direct intervention on eating, suggesting that weight gain can be achieved without a specific focus on food during ED treatment. Facing Eating Disorder Fears may be a feasible stand-alone intervention for EDs. Future research must test comparative efficacy through randomized controlled trials.
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26
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Natali L, Meregalli V, Rowlands K, Di Pietro J, Treasure J, Collantoni E, Meneguzzo P, Tenconi E, Favaro A, Fontana F, Ceccato E, Sala A, Valmaggia L, Cardi V. Virtual food exposure with positive mood induction or social support to reduce food anxiety in anorexia nervosa: A feasibility study. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:703-715. [PMID: 38366755 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aversive emotions toward food and the consequences of eating are at the core of anorexia nervosa. Exposure therapy is effective to reduce anxiety and avoidance toward feared stimuli. Based on the inhibitory learning framework, this study examined the feasibility to induce social support or positive mood to enhance the impact of a single session virtual food exposure on food-related anxiety in anorexia nervosa. METHOD One hundred and forty-five patients were randomized to: (1) virtual food exposure (i.e., baseline condition), (2) virtual food exposure plus positive mood induction (i.e., positive mood condition), or (3) virtual food exposure plus social support (i.e., social support condition). They completed self-report assessments of anxiety toward virtual foods, general anxiety, positive mood, social support, and hunger, before and after virtual food exposure. Number of eye gazes and touches toward foods were recorded during the virtual reality exposure. RESULTS Patients had lower levels of anxiety toward virtual foods in the positive mood condition, compared to the baseline condition [F(2,141) = 4.36, p = .015; medium effect size]. They also touched food items more often in the baseline condition. No other significant changes were found. DISCUSSION Virtual food exposure enhanced by positive mood induction seems a feasible approach to strengthen the impact of food exposure in anorexia nervosa. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This research contributes to the understanding of how patients with anorexia nervosa can be supported to overcome fear and anxiety around food. Virtual reality enables patients to expose themselves to difficult situations (e.g., kitchen with foods of various calorie contents) while experiencing positive stimuli, such as a loving and kind pet or a supportive avatar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Natali
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Meregalli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Katie Rowlands
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Di Pietro
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Collantoni
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Fontana
- Centro Provinciale di Treviso per i Disturbi del Comportamento Alimentare (Treviso Eating Disorders Unit), ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Enrico Ceccato
- Centro Provinciale di Vicenza per i Disturbi del Comportamento Alimentare (Vicenza Eating Disorders Unit), ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sala
- Centro Provinciale di Vicenza per i Disturbi del Comportamento Alimentare (Vicenza Eating Disorders Unit), ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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27
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Gyamfi O, Aboko J, Ankapong E, Marfo JT, Awuah-Boateng NY, Sarpong K, Dartey E. A systematic review of heavy metals contamination in cosmetics. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2024; 43:5-12. [PMID: 37916307 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2268197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Globally, the consumption and use of cosmetics have increased exponentially. The presence of hazardous metals raises worries about their potential long-term impacts on human health. Objective: This review's primary goal is to shed light on the presence and ranges of heavy metal concentrations in diverse cosmetic samples as well as the instrumental techniques used by various authors to analyse the hazardous metals in the articles under evaluation. Methodology: This analysis concentrated on 16 publications that measured the levels of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, iron, nickel, chromium, and mercury in various cosmetic samples that were published between the years 2012 and 2020. Results: The study's findings support the existence of these metals as pollutants or components in cosmetics, both of which pose substantial health hazards. The regulations and acceptable limits vary across different countries, which is a significant challenge for the cosmetic industry. Conclusion: Therefore, there is a pressing need to standardise the acceptable limits of these toxic metals in cosmetics. Instrumental techniques such as AAS, GFAAS, ICP-OES/ICP-AES, and ICP-MS were employed by Researchers to analyse the toxic metals in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opoku Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Asante Mampong, Ghana
| | - James Aboko
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Asante Mampong, Ghana
| | - Edward Ankapong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Asante Mampong, Ghana
| | - Jemima Tiwaa Marfo
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Asante Mampong, Ghana
| | - Nana Yaa Awuah-Boateng
- Department of Public Health, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Asante Mampong, Ghana
| | - Kofi Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Asante Mampong, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Dartey
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Asante Mampong, Ghana
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28
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Yi JS, Im EO. The Influence of Workplace Violence, Psychosocial Working Conditions on Depressive Symptoms Among Female Workers in South Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:232-239. [PMID: 38482604 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241237812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Workers' depression is an important issue, with the prevalence higher in women than in men. This study aimed to identify the effects of workplace violence exposure and psychosocial working conditions on depressive symptoms in female workers in South Korea. This study included 15 605 female wageworkers who participated in the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Logistic regression analyses were implemented to identify the factors that affected their depression. The female workers reported increased frequency of symptoms of depression when there was humiliating behavior from co-workers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.999) or physical violence from clients (aOR = 1.609). In psychosocial working environments, they reported a greater frequency of depressive symptoms with high quantitative demands (aOR = 1.498), high emotional demands (aOR = 1.085), lower colleague's support (aOR = 1.566), or lack of support from supervisors at the workplace (aOR = 1.707). An emphasis should be put on preventing humiliating behaviors from co-workers as well as violence from clients in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Seon Yi
- College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Im
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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29
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Lin H, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Kaur J, Wick P, Pelin M, Tubaro A, Carniel FC, Tretiach M, Flahaut E, Iglesias D, Vázquez E, Cellot G, Ballerini L, Castagnola V, Benfenati F, Armirotti A, Sallustrau A, Taran F, Keck M, Bussy C, Vranic S, Kostarelos K, Connolly M, Navas JM, Mouchet F, Gauthier L, Baker J, Suarez-Merino B, Kanerva T, Prato M, Fadeel B, Bianco A. Environmental and Health Impacts of Graphene and Other Two-Dimensional Materials: A Graphene Flagship Perspective. ACS Nano 2024; 18:6038-6094. [PMID: 38350010 PMCID: PMC10906101 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous interest ever since the isolation of atomically thin sheets of graphene in 2004 due to the specific and versatile properties of these materials. However, the increasing production and use of 2D materials necessitate a thorough evaluation of the potential impact on human health and the environment. Furthermore, harmonized test protocols are needed with which to assess the safety of 2D materials. The Graphene Flagship project (2013-2023), funded by the European Commission, addressed the identification of the possible hazard of graphene-based materials as well as emerging 2D materials including transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and others. Additionally, so-called green chemistry approaches were explored to achieve the goal of a safe and sustainable production and use of this fascinating family of nanomaterials. The present review provides a compact survey of the findings and the lessons learned in the Graphene Flagship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Lin
- CNRS,
UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jasreen Kaur
- Nanosafety
& Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT,
Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT,
UPS, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France
| | - Daniel Iglesias
- Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giada Cellot
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center
for
Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center
for
Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical
Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Mona Connolly
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria
y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria
y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Laboratoire
Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Laboratoire
Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - James Baker
- TEMAS Solutions GmbH, 5212 Hausen, Switzerland
| | | | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety
& Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS,
UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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30
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Fang R, Andrus N, Dominguez T, Sleeth DK, Jones RM. Aerosol and surface contamination assessment of a novel ventilated infectious aerosol containment device. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:192-202. [PMID: 38156674 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthcare personnels (HCPs) are at risk of respiratory infectious diseases during patient care activities. HCPs rely primarily on personal protective equipment to prevent pathogen exposures, but there is a need to develop alternative, or complementary control strategies, including engineering controls. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the 3 designs (denoted D1A, D1B, and D2) of the University of Utah Containment Ventilation for Exposure Reduction (U-COVER), a protective barrier enclosure device to contain respirable aerosols when placed over a simulated patient. The 2 primary performance metrics were the percent reduction in: (i) the concentration of respirable aerosols in the simulated breathing zone of an HCP, and (ii) surface contamination outside the device, which were tested using salt aerosols and fluorescein aerosols, respectively. Briefly, salt or fluorescein aerosols were generated as though expelled by a prone patient under 3 conditions: (i) no device (control), (ii) with the device but without exhaust ventilation, and (iii) with the device with exhaust ventilation. Device D2 was also tested under simulated use conditions, in which cardboard "arms" were placed inside the device ports. All 3 device designs showed the ability to reduce particle concentrations in the simulated HCP breathing zone and on surfaces by >99% with exhaust ventilation compared to the control condition. Without exhaust ventilation, device performance was lower and highly variable. Under simulated use conditions, device D2 reduced particle concentrations in the simulated HCP breathing zone by ≥91% and on surfaces by >99% relative to control for all combinations of "arms" tested. The U-COVER device demonstrates excellent aerosol containment and warrants further testing with dynamic simulated or actual use conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runcheng Fang
- Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Niles Andrus
- Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Thomas Dominguez
- Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Darrah K Sleeth
- Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Rachael M Jones
- Division of Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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31
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Simpson AT, Beattie H, Lekka C, Keen C. Health and Safety Executive research on wood dust exposure controls in British manufacturing. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:180-191. [PMID: 38227564 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
To generate new intelligence on occupational exposure to wood dust in woodworking manufacturing activities in Britain, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) performed 22 occupational hygiene site visits to assess exposure and exposure controls between 2014 and 2017. The work aimed to characterise good practice and therefore sites with a poor health and safety record, as identified from HSE inspection records, were not invited to participate. Sites selected covered furniture production, joinery, saw milling, and boat building and repair. Twenty-three follow-up telephone interviews were also carried out across 15 of the companies with supervisors and managers to explore how they tried to promote good practice among the workforce, and if there are any potential challenges encountered. The aim of the interviews was to gain a better understanding of how to enable organisations to improve the management of wood dust exposure. This study found that 6.0% of all wood dust exposure measurements (15 out of 252) were above 5 mg/m³, and 17.6% of exposures to hardwood dust or mixtures of hardwood and softwood dust (38 out of 216) were above 3 mg/m³ (the then current and future workplace exposure limits). Sanding, cleaning, and maintenance activities were of particular concern. Improvements to exposure controls are required, in particular, improvements to local exhaust ventilation controls for hand-held power tools and hand sanding. The management, selection, and use of respiratory protective equipment were poor. All the managers and supervisors recognised that exposure to wood dust can pose serious health risks, and that controls were crucial to protecting workers' health. The findings from the telephone interviews suggest that supervision and provision of information about the health effects of exposure to wood dust were common approaches that organisations used to raise awareness and promote good practice, in relation to managing wood dust exposure. Worker attitudes towards controls, such as perceptions that they hinder task completion and habitual ways of working, were identified as factors influencing the use of controls. Risk communication approaches that focus on increasing workers' awareness of their susceptibility to ill-health using credible sources, such as peers, can help enhance the uptake of messages on the use of controls. Financial constraints were identified as a challenge to improving the control of wood dust, particularly for small companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Simpson
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire, SK17 9JN, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Beattie
- Health and Safety Executive, Woodlands, Manton Lane, Bedford, MK41 7LW, United Kingdom
| | - Chrysanthi Lekka
- Department for Work and Pensions, 3 Arena Central, Bridge Street, Birmingham B1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Keen
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire, SK17 9JN, United Kingdom
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Rush RE, Blackwood CB, Lemons AR, Dannemiller KC, Green BJ, Croston TL. Corrigendum: Persisting Cryptococcus yeast species Vishniacozyma victoriae and Cryptococcus neoformans elicit unique airway inflammation in mice following repeated exposure. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1381148. [PMID: 38435307 PMCID: PMC10904637 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1381148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1067475.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E. Rush
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Catherine B. Blackwood
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Angela R. Lemons
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Karen C. Dannemiller
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brett J. Green
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Tara L. Croston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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33
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Nwanaji-Enwerem U, McGeary JE, Grigsby-Toussaint DS. Greenspace, stress, and health: how is epigenetics involved? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333737. [PMID: 38435282 PMCID: PMC10906089 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most expositions of the association between green space and overall health and well-being focus on psychosocial mechanisms. However, discussions of the biological underpinnings of the exposure to green space and health implications are limited. In this paper, we highlight the role epigenetics plays in the manifestation or suppression of stress, in addition to some of the proposed epigenetic mechanisms through which green space mitigates stress. The Health: Epigenetics, Greenspace and Stress (HEGS) model is introduced to explicate this association, and suggestions for research to build the evidence base in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugoji Nwanaji-Enwerem
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Diana S. Grigsby-Toussaint
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
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34
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Hassen JY, Debella A, Eyeberu A, Mussa I. Level of exposure to aflatoxins during pregnancy and its association with adverse birth outcomes in Africa: a meta-analysis. Int Health 2024:ihae015. [PMID: 38339961 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxins are various poisonous carcinogens and mutagens produced by Aspergillus species. Exposure to aflatoxins during pregnancy results in adverse birth outcomes. This meta-analysis was carried out to determine the estimates of how much aflatoxin is harmful to the pregnancy and its outcome, including birthweight, birth length, low birthweight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), stunting, poverty, food insecurity, income, pesticides and stillbirth, in an African context. METHODS Both published and unpublished studies in Africa were searched on MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Stata version 18.2 software was used for cleaning and analysis. The prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using the random effects model and a forest plot was used to present the findings. In addition, the heterogeneity of the study was assessed using Cochrane I2 statistics and publication bias was assessed using Egger's intercept and funnel plot. RESULTS This review included 28 studies with a total of 6283 pregnant women and newborns. The analysis showed the overall level of exposure to aflatoxins was 64% (95% CI 48 to 78, τ2=0.66, I2=99.34%, p=0.001). In the subgroup analysis by publication year, the highest level of exposure to aflatoxins (82% [95% CI 69 to 92]) was observed among studies published from 2020 to 2023. This study also found that exposure to aflatoxins during pregnancy had an association with prematurity, LBW, SGA and stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS The data analysed in this study indicated that three of every five pregnant women had exposure to aflatoxins in Africa. Moreover, pregnant women exposed to aflatoxins had a higher likelihood of having a LBW and SGA newborn. Thus governments and all stakeholders should initiate policies that mitigate the toxicity of aflatoxins in pregnant women, foetuses and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Y Hassen
- School of Rural Development and Agricultural Innovation, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ibsa Mussa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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35
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Ejchman-Pac E, Rzepka M, Gierlach M, Szymański P, Zawadzka M. Evaluation of Knowledge and Self-Awareness of Polish Soldiers Regarding Exposure to Chemical and Physical Factors in Their Place of Service/Work. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:450. [PMID: 38391825 PMCID: PMC10888362 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soldiers constitute a professional group carrying out their duties in variable, often challenging environmental conditions, including harmful and burdensome ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on a nationwide sample of 1331 soldiers. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire comprising 48 questions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the studied group. The chi-square test was employed to examine the relationship between variables. A 95% confidence interval was adopted, with a significance level of p = 0.05. RESULTS One in four soldiers work with low and one in five with moderate exposure to harmful chemical factors. Almost 10% of respondents lack knowledge about the types of chemical factors present during their service. One in five soldiers work with low and one in eight with moderate exposure to ionizing radiation. Approximately 5% of survey participants lack knowledge about the types of physical factors. One in three soldiers are unaware of the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of the aforementioned factors. CONCLUSIONS The systematic enhancement of knowledge and awareness among army members will help minimize the consequences of exposure to harmful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Ejchman-Pac
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rzepka
- Prevention and Treatment Team, Department of Organization of the Health Care System, Department of Military Health Service, 00-911 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Szymański
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zawadzka
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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Gonzalez DE, Lanham SN, Martin SE, Cleveland RE, Wilson TE, Langford EL, Abel MG. Firefighter Health: A Narrative Review of Occupational Threats and Countermeasures. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:440. [PMID: 38391814 PMCID: PMC10888326 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural firefighters are responsible for protecting properties and saving lives during emergency operations. Despite efforts to prepare firefighters for these hazardous occupational demands, the unfortunate reality is that the incidence of health morbidities is increasing within the fire service. Specifically, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mental health disorders are among the most documented morbidities in firefighters. Pubmed and Google Scholar search engines were used to identify peer-reviewed English language manuscripts that evaluated firefighters' occupational health threats, allostatic factors associated with their occurrence, and evidence-based strategies to mitigate their impact. This narrative review provides fire departments, practitioners, and researchers with evidence-based practices to enhance firefighters' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew E Gonzalez
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Sarah N Lanham
- First Responder Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Steven E Martin
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Richard E Cleveland
- Department of Leadership, Technology, and Human Development, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Thad E Wilson
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Emily L Langford
- First Responder Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA
| | - Mark G Abel
- First Responder Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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37
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Shahid S, Kelson J, Saliba A. Effectiveness and User Experience of Virtual Reality for Social Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e48916. [PMID: 38329804 PMCID: PMC10884902 DOI: 10.2196/48916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects occupational and social functioning. Virtual reality (VR) therapies can provide effective treatment for people with SAD. However, with rapid innovations in immersive VR technology, more contemporary research is required to examine the effectiveness and concomitant user experience outcomes (ie, safety, usability, acceptability, and attrition) of emerging VR interventions for SAD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness and user experience of contemporary VR interventions among people with SAD. METHODS The Cochrane Library, Emcare, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched between January 1, 2012, and April 26, 2022. Deduplicated search results were screened based on title and abstract information. Full-text examination was conducted on 71 articles. Studies of all designs and comparator groups were included if they appraised the effectiveness and user experience outcomes of any immersive VR intervention among people with SAD. A standardized coding sheet was used to extract data on key participant, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design items. RESULTS The findings were tabulated and discussed using a narrative synthesis. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that VR exposure therapy-based interventions can generally provide effective, safe, usable, and acceptable treatments for adults with SAD. The average attrition rate from VR treatment was low (11.36%) despite some reported user experience difficulties, including potential simulator sickness, exposure-based emotional distress, and problems with managing treatment delivered in a synchronous group setting. This review also revealed several research gaps, including a lack of VR treatment studies on children and adolescents with SAD as well as a paucity of standardized assessments of VR user experience interactions. More studies are required to address these issues. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022353891; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=353891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Shahid
- Faculty of Business, Justice, and Behavioural Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Joshua Kelson
- Faculty of Business, Justice, and Behavioural Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Anthony Saliba
- Faculty of Business, Justice, and Behavioural Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
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38
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Beigoli S, Amin F, Kazemi Rad H, Rezaee R, Boskabady MH. Occupational respiratory disorders in Iran: a review of prevalence and inducers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1310040. [PMID: 38390570 PMCID: PMC10881831 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1310040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between occupational respiratory diseases (ORD) and exposure to harmful factors that are present in the workplace has been well shown. Factors such as physical activity, age and duration of occupational exposure playing important roles in ORD severity, should be identified in the workplace, their effects on workers health should be studied, and ultimately, exposure to them must be minimized. We carried out a literature review by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to retrieve studies published from 1999 until the end of April 2023 reporting the prevalence and inducers of ORD in Iran. In Iranian workers, several ORD such as interstitial lung disease, silicosis, occupational asthma, pulmonary inflammatory diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and lung cancers have been reported. It was indicated that ORD mainly occur due to repeated and prolonged exposure to noxious agents in the workplace. We also extracted the prevalence of ORD in different regions of Iran from the retrieved reports. Based on our literature review, the prevalence of ORD among Iranian workers highlights the importance of regular assessment of the risk of exposure to noxious agents in the workplace to develop measures for preventing potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amin
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamideh Kazemi Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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39
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Hanbazazh M, Khashab RM, Ameen NK, Alghamdi MA, Aldawsari LS, Altoukhi SM, Samargandy S, Zakariyah A. Medical Students' Perception of Pathology in Saudi Arabia. Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241226708. [PMID: 38321866 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241226708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Pathology is the bridge between basic science and clinical practice. An inadequate perception of pathology leads to an incomplete understanding of diseases, which consequently affects its management. This study aims to identify medical students' perceptions of pathology in medical colleges around Saudi Arabia and use their feedback to improve teaching strategies. A validated online self-structured questionnaire form was distributed to medical students in basic and clinical years, including private and governmental universities in all regions of Saudi Arabia. The study comprised a total of 476 medical students. It revealed that n = 226 (48%) of the participants were not aware of pathologists' roles, and n = 262 (55%) of students reported that the main reason was insufficient exposure to actual pathology practice. A total of n = 209 (44%) students believed the current teaching methods in the basic years were insufficient to provide clear perceptions of pathology. The majority of participants n = 366 (77%) chose practical sessions as the most effective strategy in teaching pathology. Our study demonstrated that medical students require more engagement in laboratories to improve their perception. We suggest that Saudi medical schools need to deliver more comprehensive and practical teaching methods that reflect the actual practice of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehenaz Hanbazazh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nada K Ameen
- Collage of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Saad Samargandy
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Zakariyah
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Bettonte S, Berton M, Stader F, Battegay M, Marzolini C. Effect of obesity on the exposure of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine: a modelling study. Clin Infect Dis 2024:ciae060. [PMID: 38309958 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is increasingly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH). Obesity can reduce drug exposure; however, limited data are available for long-acting (LA) antiretrovirals. We performed in-silico trials using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to determine the effect of obesity on the exposure of LA cabotegravir and rilpivirine after the initial injection and after multiple injections. METHODS Our PBPK model was verified against available clinical data for LA cabotegravir and rilpivirine in normal weight/overweight (body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2) and in obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Cohorts of virtual individuals were generated to simulate the exposure of LA cabotegravir/rilpivirine up to a BMI of 60 kg/m2. The fold change in LA cabotegravir and rilpivirine exposures (AUC) and trough concentrations (Cmin) for monthly and bimonthly administration were calculated for various BMI categories relative to normal weight (18.5-25 kg/m2). RESULTS Obesity was predicted to impact more cabotegravir than rilpivirine with a decrease in cabotegravir AUC and Cmin of >35% for BMI >35 kg/m2 and in rilpivirine AUC and Cmin of >18% for BMI >40 kg/m2 at steady-state. A significant proportion of morbidly obese individuals were predicted to have both cabotegravir and rilpivirine Cmin below the target concentration at steady-state with the bimonthly administration but this was less frequent with the monthly administration. CONCLUSIONS Morbidly obese PWH are at risk of presenting suboptimal Cmin for cabotegravir/rilpivirine after the first injection but also at steady-state particularly with the bimonthly administration. Therapeutic drug monitoring is advised to guide dosing interval adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bettonte
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Berton
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuel Battegay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catia Marzolini
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, L69 3GF Liverpool, UK
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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41
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Spencer M, Wilson T, Agnew R. Assessing the potential of portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a rapid, onsite screening tool in the assessment of cadmium surface decontamination effectiveness. J Occup Environ Hyg 2024; 21:89-96. [PMID: 38090769 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2023.2292034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Portable X-ray fluorescence has successfully been used to effectively evaluate occupational exposure to airborne and surface metal contaminants nondestructively. Traditional methods of assessing metal surface contamination involve the costly, time-consuming collection and laboratory analysis of wipe samples, making portable X-ray fluorescence an attractive alternative method for screening worksites by reducing delays in risk assessment decision-making. Existing research into this use of portable X-ray fluorescence has primarily been centered on the analysis of airborne and surface lead contamination. The extant literature is sparse on the use of portable X-ray fluorescence with other metals for surface contamination with respect to occupational exposure. The present study evaluated the use of portable X-ray fluorescence in the screening of cadmium surface contamination to determine if the effectiveness of decontamination measures can be ascertained by this technique. Wipe samples were collected and screened with portable X-ray fluorescence before being sent to the laboratory for definitive analysis to assess the correlation between portable X-ray fluorescence readings in percent mass with laboratory results in μg/ft2. Portable X-ray fluorescence readings demonstrated a strong linear correlation with laboratory results, as indicated by the R2 value of 0.993. Therefore, this technique may be further developed and deployed as a screening tool for wipe samples used for evaluating contamination and decontamination of metal-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Spencer
- Fire Protection & Safety Engineering Technology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Tim Wilson
- Fire Protection & Safety Engineering Technology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Robert Agnew
- Fire Protection & Safety Engineering Technology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Pitchai A, Buhman K, Shannahan JH. Lipid mediators of inhalation exposure-induced pulmonary toxicity and inflammation. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:57-74. [PMID: 38422051 PMCID: PMC11022128 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2318389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Many inhalation exposures induce pulmonary inflammation contributing to disease progression. Inflammatory processes are actively regulated via mediators including bioactive lipids. Bioactive lipids are potent signaling molecules involved in both pro-inflammatory and resolution processes through receptor interactions. The formation and clearance of lipid signaling mediators are controlled by multiple metabolic enzymes. An imbalance of these lipids can result in exacerbated and sustained inflammatory processes which may result in pulmonary damage and disease. Dysregulation of pulmonary bioactive lipids contribute to inflammation and pulmonary toxicity following exposures. For example, inhalation of cigarette smoke induces activation of pro-inflammatory bioactive lipids such as sphingolipids, and ceramides contributing to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, exposure to silver nanoparticles causes dysregulation of inflammatory resolution lipids. As inflammation is a common consequence resulting from inhaled exposures and a component of numerous diseases it represents a broadly applicable target for therapeutic intervention. With new appreciation for bioactive lipids, technological advances to reliably identify and quantify lipids have occurred. In this review, we will summarize, integrate, and discuss findings from recent studies investigating the impact of inhaled exposures on pro-inflammatory and resolution lipids within the lung and their contribution to disease. Throughout the review current knowledge gaps in our understanding of bioactive lipids and their contribution to pulmonary effects of inhaled exposures will be presented. New methods being employed to detect and quantify disruption of pulmonary lipid levels following inhalation exposures will be highlighted. Lastly, we will describe how lipid dysregulation could potentially be addressed by therapeutic strategies to address inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pitchai
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kimberly Buhman
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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43
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Jordan MB, Locatelli F. Exposure-safety relationship for patients with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis treated with emapalumab. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30778. [PMID: 38014905 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) is an immune-mediated, hyperinflammatory disorder. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of pHLH. Emapalumab, a fully human, anti-IFNγ monoclonal antibody neutralizes both free and receptor-bound IFNγ. However, inhibiting IFNγ-mediated signaling could result in immune dysfunction and immunosuppression. This exploratory exposure-safety analysis investigated the relationship between emapalumab and the incidence of adverse events in patients with pHLH. Increased exposure to emapalumab was not associated with an increased predicted risk of severe adverse events, infection, or infusion-related reactions. Emapalumab was associated with a favorable and manageable safety profile across all assessed doses and treatment durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Jordan
- Divisions of Immunobiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Franco Locatelli
- IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Lee JH, Gatera VA, Smith T, Panimbang F, Gonzalez A, Abdulah R, Bonham C, Bryant AK, Liu S. Biomonitoring of Exposures to Solvents and Metals in Electronics Manufacturing Facilities in Batam, Indonesia. New Solut 2024; 33:220-235. [PMID: 38112404 DOI: 10.1177/10482911231218478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about chemical exposure in the electronics manufacturing industry have long been recognized, but data are lacking in Southeast Asia. We conducted a study in Batam, Indonesia, to evaluate chemical exposures in electronics facilities, using participatory research and biological monitoring approaches. A convenience sample of 36 workers (28 exposed, 8 controls) was recruited, and urine samples were collected before and after shifts. Five solvents (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, benzene, and xylenes) were found in 46%-97% of samples, and seven metals (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, tin, antimony, lead, and vanadium) were detected in 60%-100% of samples. Biological monitoring and participatory research appeared to be useful in assessing workers' exposure when workplace air monitoring is not feasible due to a lack of cooperation from the employer. Several logistical challenges need to be addressed in future biomonitoring studies of electronics workers in Asia in factories where employers are reluctant to track workers' exposure and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Lee
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Vesara Ardhe Gatera
- Department of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University Kuala Lumpur - Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ted Smith
- International Campaign for Responsible Technology, San Jose, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rizky Abdulah
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Connie Bonham
- Analytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Sa Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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45
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An L, De Bruyn T, Pang J, Ubhayakar S, Salphati L, Zhang X, Liu L, Li R, Chan B, Dey A, Levy ES. Early Stage Preclinical Formulation Strategies to Alter the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Two Small Molecule Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:179. [PMID: 38399394 PMCID: PMC10892288 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Early stage chemical development presents numerous challenges, and achieving a functional balance is a major hurdle, with many early compounds not meeting the clinical requirements for advancement benchmarks due to issues like poor oral bioavailability. There is a need to develop strategies for achieving the desired systemic concentration for these compounds. This will enable further evaluation of the biological response upon a compound-target interaction, providing deeper insight into the postulated biological pathways. Our study elucidates alternative drug delivery paradigms by comparing formulation strategies across oral (PO), intraperitoneal (IP), subcutaneous (SC), and intravenous (IV) routes. While each modality boasts its own set of merits and constraints, it is the drug's formulation that crucially influences its pharmacokinetic (PK) trajectory and the maintenance of its therapeutic levels. Our examination of model compounds G7883 and G6893 highlighted their distinct physio-chemical attributes. By harnessing varied formulation methods, we sought to fine-tune their PK profiles. PK studies showcased G7883's extended half-life using an SC oil formulation, resulting in a 4.5-fold and 2.5-fold enhancement compared with the IP and PO routes, respectively. In contrast, with G6893, we achieved a prolonged systemic coverage time above the desired target concentration through a different approach using an IV infusion pump. These outcomes underscore the need for tailored formulation strategies, which are dictated by the compound's innate properties, to reach the optimal in vivo systemic concentrations. Prioritizing formulation and delivery optimization early on is pivotal for effective systemic uptake, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of biological pathways and expediting the overall clinical drug development timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le An
- Small Molecules Pharmaceutics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Tom De Bruyn
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.D.B.); (J.P.); (S.U.); (L.S.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Jodie Pang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.D.B.); (J.P.); (S.U.); (L.S.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Savita Ubhayakar
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.D.B.); (J.P.); (S.U.); (L.S.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.D.B.); (J.P.); (S.U.); (L.S.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.D.B.); (J.P.); (S.U.); (L.S.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Liling Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.D.B.); (J.P.); (S.U.); (L.S.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruina Li
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.D.B.); (J.P.); (S.U.); (L.S.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Bryan Chan
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Elizabeth S. Levy
- Small Molecules Pharmaceutics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
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Missimer TM, MacDonald JH, Tsegaye S, Thomas S, Teaf CM, Covert D, Kassis ZR. Natural Background and the Anthropogenic Enrichment of Mercury in the Southern Florida Environment: A Review with a Discussion on Public Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:118. [PMID: 38276812 PMCID: PMC10815244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that is easily released into the atmosphere as a gas or a particulate. Since Hg has serious health impacts based on human exposure, it is a major concern where it accumulates. Southern Florida is a region of high Hg deposition in the United States. It has entered the southern Florida environment for over 56 MY. For the past 3000 to 8000 years, Hg has accumulated in the Everglades peatlands, where approximately 42.3 metric tons of Hg was deposited. The pre-industrial source of mercury that was deposited into the Everglades was from the atmosphere, consisting of combined Saharan dust and marine evasion. Drainage and the development of the Everglades for agriculture, and other mixed land uses have caused a 65.7% reduction in the quantity of peat, therefore releasing approximately 28 metric tons of Hg into the southern Florida environment over a period of approximately 133 years. Both natural and man-made fires have facilitated the Hg release. The current range in mercury release into the southern Florida environment lies between 994.9 and 1249 kg/yr. The largest source of Hg currently entering the Florida environment is from combined atmospheric sources, including Saharan dust, aerosols, sea spray, and ocean flux/evasion at 257.1-514.2 kg/yr. The remobilization of Hg from the Everglades peatlands and fires is approximately 215 kg/yr. Other large contributors include waste to energy incinerators (204.1 kg/yr), medical waste and crematory incinerators (159.7+ kg/yr), and cement plant stack discharge (150.6 kg/yr). Minor emissions include fuel emissions from motorized vehicles, gas emissions from landfills, asphalt plants, and possible others. No data are available on controlled fires in the Everglades in sugar farming, which is lumped with the overall peatland loss of Hg to the environment. Hg has impacted wildlife in southern Florida with recorded excess concentrations in fish, birds, and apex predators. This bioaccumulation of Hg in animals led to the adoption of regulations (total maximum loads) to reduce the impacts on wildlife and warnings were given to consumers to avoid the consumption of fish that are considered to be contaminated. The deposition of atmospheric Hg in southern Florida has not been studied sufficiently to ascertain where it has had the greatest impacts. Hg has been found to accumulate on willow tree leaves in a natural environment in one recent study. No significant studies of the potential impacts on human health have been conducted in southern Florida, which should be started based on the high rates of Hg fallout in rainfall and known recycling for organic sediments containing high concentrations of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Missimer
- U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| | - James H. MacDonald
- Environmental Geology Program & Honors College, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| | - Seneshaw Tsegaye
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| | - Serge Thomas
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
| | - Christopher M. Teaf
- Institute for Science & Public Affairs, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
| | - Douglas Covert
- Hazardous Substance & Waste Management Research, 2976 Wellington Circle West, Tallahassee, FL 32309, USA;
| | - Zoie R. Kassis
- U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA;
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47
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Sijko-Szpańska M, Kozłowska L. Analysis of Relationships between Metabolic Changes and Selected Nutrient Intake in Women Environmentally Exposed to Arsenic. Metabolites 2024; 14:75. [PMID: 38276310 PMCID: PMC10820439 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrients involved in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic (iAs) may play a crucial role in mitigating the adverse health effects associated with such exposure. Consequently, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between the intake levels of nutrients involved in iAs metabolism and alterations in the metabolic profile during arsenic exposure. The study cohort comprised environmentally exposed women: WL (lower total urinary arsenic (As), n = 73) and WH (higher As, n = 73). The analysis included urinary untargeted metabolomics (conducted via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) and the assessment of nutrient intake involved in iAs metabolism, specifically methionine, vitamins B2, B6, and B12, folate, and zinc (based on 3-day dietary records of food and beverages). In the WL group, the intake of all analyzed nutrients exhibited a negative correlation with 5 metabolites (argininosuccinic acid, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, 11-trans-LTE4, mevalonic acid, aminoadipic acid), while in the WH group, it correlated with 10 metabolites (5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, dihyroxy-1H-indole glucuronide I, 11-trans-LTE4, isovalerylglucuronide, 18-oxocortisol, 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid, S-3-oxodecanoyl cysteamine, L-arginine, p-cresol glucuronide, thromboxane B2). Furthermore, nutrient intake demonstrated a positive association with 3 metabolites in the WL group (inosine, deoxyuridine, glutamine) and the WH group (inosine, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone). Altering the intake of nutrients involved in iAs metabolism could be a pivotal factor in reducing the negative impact of arsenic exposure on the human body. This study underscores the significance of maintaining adequate nutrient intake, particularly in populations exposed to arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sijko-Szpańska
- Laboratory of Human Metabolism Research, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kozłowska
- Laboratory of Human Metabolism Research, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02776 Warsaw, Poland
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48
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Hermez J, Ismail M, Morgan O, Pasha MS, Schenkel K, Doherty M, Tayyab M, Abdella YE, Sayed MA, Memon NM, Asghar RJ, Rahim M, Sheikh S, Ali H, Rabold EM, Fontaine R, Hutin Y, Hajjeh R. A pediatric HIV outbreak in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2024; 30:60-67. [PMID: 38415337 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.24.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Following reports of an outbreak of HIV infection among children in Larkana District, Pakistan, an international team investigated the extent and cause of the outbreak between April and June 2019. Aims To investigate the incidence of HIV among children in Larkana District, Pakistan and describe the distribution of cases by time, place and person. Methods Self-referred persons were tested for HIV using the national testing protocol. Local epidemiology of HIV was reviewed to generate hypotheses. An infection prevention and control (IPC) team conducted site visits and reviewed IPC practices. Results Between 25 April and 27 June 2019, a total of 30 191 persons were tested for HIV in Larkana District, and 876 of them tested positive. Of those who tested positive, 719 (82%) were children aged <15 years. Traditional skin piercing procedures and transmission from high-risk populations to children were ruled out during the investigation. Informative interviews with parents or guardians of a convenience sample of 211 children aged <15 years showed that 99% of children had an injection or infusion for medical treatment within the past 12 months. Our investigation identified lack of HIV prevalence data for the general population including tuberculosis patients and those who attended antenatal care services. Conclusions Investigations indicate that unsafe healthcare practices in formal and informal healthcare settings as the most likely cause of the 2019 outbreak of HIV infection in Larkana, Pakistan. Measures should be taken to improve IPC practices at the facility level, especially in pediatric and antenatal care clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joumana Hermez
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Ismail
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Oliver Morgan
- World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl Schenkel
- World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Meg Doherty
- World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Musa Rahim
- World Health Organization Pakistan Country Office
| | | | - Hammad Ali
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | - Yvan Hutin
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana Hajjeh
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
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49
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Qu Y, Xie D, Liu Y. Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Human Occupants in a Student Office: Dependence on Ozone Concentration. ACS Environ Au 2024; 4:3-11. [PMID: 38250339 PMCID: PMC10797682 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Human occupants themselves constitute an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor environments through breath and dermal emissions. In order to quantify VOC emissions from occupants under real-world settings, previous indoor observational studies often determined emission factors (i.e., average emission rates per person). However, the values obtained across these studies exhibited large variability, and the causes of this variability still need to be understood. Herein we report 10-day real-time VOC measurements in a university student office, using a proton transfer reaction-quadrupole interface-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A method was developed to identify VOCs of primary human origin and to quantify the corresponding emission factors, accounting for the dynamically changing occupancy level and ventilation rate in the assessed office. We found that the emission factors of many dermally emitted VOCs strongly increased as the ozone concentration increased from <3 to 10-15 ppb. These VOCs include geranyl acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), and C10-C12 saturated aldehydes, which align with characteristic first-generation ozonolysis products of skin oil. The strongest increase occurred for 6-MHO, from 113 to 337 μg/h/p. In comparison, acetone and isoprene, which are primarily emitted from human breath, varied little with the ozone level. In light of this finding, we conducted an integrated analysis of emission factors reported in the literature for two frequently reported species, namely, 6-MHO and decanal. Ozone concentration alone can explain 94-97% of the variation in their emission factors across previous studies, and the best-estimated ozone dependence obtained using the literature data is consistent with those obtained in the current study. These results suggest that the ozone concentration is a key factor regulating emission factors of many dermally emitted VOCs in real indoor environments, which has to be considered when reporting or using the emission factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Qu
- Key
Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Di Xie
- Key
Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Key
Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
- Center
for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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50
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Fischer FC, Ludtke S, Thackray C, Pickard HM, Haque F, Dassuncao C, Endo S, Schaider L, Sunderland EM. Binding of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) to Serum Proteins: Implications for Toxicokinetics in Humans. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:1055-1063. [PMID: 38166384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse class of highly persistent anthropogenic chemicals that are detectable in the serum of most humans. PFAS exposure has been associated with many adverse effects on human health including immunotoxicity, increased risk of certain cancers, and metabolic disruption. PFAS binding to the most abundant blood serum proteins (human serum albumin [HSA] and globulins) is thought to affect transport to active sites, toxicity, and elimination half-lives. However, few studies have investigated the competitive binding of PFAS to these proteins in human serum. Here, we use C18 solid-phase microextraction fibers to measure HSA-water and globulin-water distribution coefficients (DHSA/w, Dglob/w) for PFAS with carbon chains containing 4 to 13 perfluorinated carbons (ηpfc = 4-13) and several functional head-groups. PFAS with ηpfc < 7 were highly bound to HSA relative to globulins, whereas PFAS with ηpfc ≥ 7 showed a greater propensity for binding to globulins. Experimentally measured DHSA/w and Dglob/w and concentrations of serum proteins successfully predicted the variability in PFAS binding in human serum. We estimated that the unbound fraction of serum PFAS varied by up to a factor of 2.5 among individuals participating in the 2017-2018 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. These results suggest that serum HSA and globulins are important covariates for epidemiological studies aimed at understanding the effects of PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Christoph Fischer
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sophia Ludtke
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Colin Thackray
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Heidi M Pickard
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Faiz Haque
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Clifton Dassuncao
- Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG), Arlington, Virginia 22201, United States
| | - Satoshi Endo
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Health and Environmental Risk Division, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Laurel Schaider
- Silent Spring Institute, Newton, Massachusetts 02460, United States
| | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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