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Kibbey MM, DiBello AM, Fedorenko EJ, Farris SG. Testing a brief, self-guided values affirmation for behavioral activation intervention during COVID-19. Cogn Behav Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38593029 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2339315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This pilot study tested a single-session digital values affirmation for behavioral activation (VABA) intervention. Hypotheses predicted the VABA intervention would be more effective than an active control condition in improving mood, decreasing COVID-19 fear/worry and depressive symptoms, and promoting positively reinforcing behaviors during early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were a diverse sample of undergraduate students (N = 296) under a state-wide lockdown. Students were randomized to either VABA, a 10-min values clarification and affirmation task, or Control, a time- and attention-matched task. Positive and negative affects were assessed pre- and post-intervention. At next-day follow-up, positive and negative affects were reassessed, as well as past 24-h behavioral activation and depressive symptoms. Within-group increases in positive affect were observed in both conditions (VABA d = 0.39; Control d = 0.19). However, VABA produced a significantly larger increase than Control (F[2] = 3.856, p = .022, d = 0.22). At 24-h follow-up, behavioral activation, which was significantly higher in VABA versus Control (t[294] = -5.584, p < .001, d = 0.65), predicted fewer depressive symptoms (R2 change = .019, β = -.134, p = .003). VABA is an ultra-brief intervention that appears to have acute effects on mood-enhancement and behavioral activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy M Kibbey
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Angelo M DiBello
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Erick J Fedorenko
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samantha G Farris
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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2
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Voderholzer U, Meule A, Koch S, Pfeuffer S, Netter AL, Lehr D, Zisler EM. Effectiveness of One Videoconference-Based Exposure and Response Prevention Session at Home in Adjunction to Inpatient Treatment in Persons With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Nonrandomized Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e52790. [PMID: 38477970 DOI: 10.2196/52790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapist-guided exposure and response prevention (ERP) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is frequently conducted within clinical settings but rarely at places where patients are usually confronted with OCD symptom-provoking situations in daily life (eg, at home). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate patients' views on 1 ERP session at home via videoconference and its impact on treatment outcome. METHODS A total of 64 inpatients with OCD received 1 session of therapist-guided videoconference-based ERP at home in adjunction to a multimodal inpatient treatment between 2015 and 2020. RESULTS Compared with 64 age- and sex-matched controls who received a multimodal inpatient treatment without 1 session of videoconference-based ERP at home, patients who received 1 session of videoconference-based ERP in adjunction to a multimodal inpatient treatment showed stronger reductions in OCD symptom severity from admission to discharge. Before the videoconference-based ERP session, patients reported high rationale credibility and treatment expectancy. After the videoconference-based ERP session, patients reported medium-to-high positive mood as well as depth and smoothness of the session, and they perceived the working alliance as high. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of administering therapist-guided ERP sessions in patients' natural environment to enhance treatment response in OCD. Videoconference-based ERP as add-on to treatment as usual is, therefore, a promising approach to facilitate the application of ERP in patients' natural environment and foster the generalization of ERP conducted in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Meule
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | | | | | - Dirk Lehr
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Zisler
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Lautenbach F. Effects of positive affect and positive emotions on executive functions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:1-22. [PMID: 37943253 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2279173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Positive emotions (PEs) impact cognitive processes, including executive functions (EFs; i.e. inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility). However, previous reviews and meta-analyses report contradicting results. Thus, this review takes a novel approach to overcome conflicting findings by clearly conceptualising PE induction and by providing a detailed description of the tasks used to assess EFs, as well as by exclusively focusing on EFs. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed. Study inclusion criteria required that subjects were healthy individuals over 18 years, PEs were induced in a controlled laboratory setting, a baseline measurement and a control condition was required, and finally, EFs were measured as a dependent variable using valid measurement instruments. The literature search was performed on PRIMUS, including relevant databases such as ERIC, MEDLINE, Psych ARTICLES, Psych INFO or SocINDEX. From a total of 6,661 identified articles, only 13, which featured 20 experimental studies, were included. Results show that the overall induction of PEs successfully caused an increase in valence and/or positive emotions. However, no significant effects of PE on EFs were detected (d = -0.051, p = .405). Reasons and future research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lautenbach
- Institute of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Reinilä E, Kekäläinen T, Kinnunen ML, Saajanaho M, Kokko K. Longitudinal associations between emotional well-being and subjective health from middle adulthood to the beginning of late adulthood. Psychol Health 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37767928 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2261038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional well-being may predict future health and vice versa. We examined the reciprocal associations between emotional well-being and subjective health from age 36 to 61. METHODS AND MEASURES The data were drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development and included information from 36-, 42-, 50- and 61-year-olds (N = 336). The emotional well-being indicators included life satisfaction and negative and positive mood. The subjective health indicators were self-rated health and psychosomatic symptoms. The analyses were conducted with random intercept cross-lagged panel models. RESULTS Within-person cross-lagged associations were found between emotional well-being and subjective health. Fewer psychosomatic symptoms at ages 36 and 50 predicted higher life satisfaction at ages 42 and 61, respectively. A lower negative mood at age 42 and a higher positive mood at age 50 predicted fewer psychosomatic symptoms at 50 and 61, respectively. Conversely, a higher negative mood at ages 36 and 50 predicted better self-rated health at ages 42 and 61, respectively. CONCLUSION The relationship between emotional well-being and subjective health appears to be reciprocal. Both emotional well-being and subjective health predicted each other even 6-11 years later. However, associations may depend on the variables and age periods investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Reinilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Kinnunen
- The Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milla Saajanaho
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Mutoh N, Kakiuchi I, Kato K, Xu C, Iwabuchi N, Ayukawa M, Kiyosawa K, Igarashi K, Tanaka M, Nakamura M, Miyasaka M. Heat-Killed L. helveticus Enhances Positive Mood States: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:973. [PMID: 37371451 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When mood states are impaired, daily life is severely disrupted. To maintain a specific mood state, both positive and negative moods must be controlled; however, methods to maintain a positive mood have not been fully established. Previous studies have suggested that heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 has the potential to improve positive moods. This study aimed to test the efficacy of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 in maintaining and improving a positive mood with PANAS, a questionnaire specifically designed to assess positive and negative mood, as the primary endpoint. Healthy Japanese nursing students (n = 46) were randomized to receive heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 (5 billion/day) or placebo powder for four weeks. Mood state was assessed before and two and four weeks after the intervention began; ingestion of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 significantly improved PANAS 'Positive Affect' compared to the placebo. These results indicate that heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 is effective in enhancing positive mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Mutoh
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Izumi Kakiuchi
- Faculty of Nursing, Matsumoto College of Nursing, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kato
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chendong Xu
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayo Ayukawa
- Faculty of Nursing, Matsumoto College of Nursing, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kiyosawa
- Department of Nursing, Matsumoto Junior College, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazumi Igarashi
- Faculty of Nursing, Matsumoto College of Nursing, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Matsumoto City Hospital, 4417-180 Hata, Matsumoto-City 390-1401, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mitsunaga Miyasaka
- Faculty of Nursing, Matsumoto College of Nursing, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
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Hromatko I, Mikac U. A Mid-Cycle Rise in Positive and Drop in Negative Moods among Healthy Young Women: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13. [PMID: 36672085 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically oriented studies of mood as a function of the menstrual cycle mainly address the negative moods in the premenstrual phase of the cycle. However, a periovulatory increase in positive emotions and motivations related to reproduction has also been noted. Thus, it has been suggested that the drop in mood during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle might be a byproduct of elevated positive moods occurring mid-cycle. The aim of this prospective study was to compare both the positive and negative dimensions of mood across the menstrual cycle. A group of 60 healthy, normally cycling women assessed their mood throughout three phases of their menstrual cycles: the early follicular (low estradiol and progesterone), the late follicular (fertile phase; high estradiol, low progesterone) and the mid-luteal phase (high levels of both estradiol and progesterone). Repeated MANOVA evaluations showed a significant increase in positive (friendly, cheerful, focused, active) and a significant decrease in negative (anxious, depressed, fatigued, hostile) dimensions of mood mid-cycle, i.e., during the late follicular phase (η2 = 0.072−0.174, p < 0.05). Contrary to the widespread belief that negative moods are characteristic of the luteal phase (preceding the onset of the next cycle), the post hoc Bonferroni tests showed that none of the mood dimensions differed between the mid-luteal and early follicular phases of the cycle. The results held when controlling for relationship status and order of testing. This pattern of fluctuations is in accordance with the ovulatory-shift hypothesis, i.e., the notion that the emotions of attraction rise during a short window during which the conception is likely.
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Moskal KR, Dvorak RD, Burr EK, El Helou G, Cora JL, De Leon AN, Leary AV. Attention bias and alcohol craving: Differential effects via biological sex and mood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1580-1591. [PMID: 36029302 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional bias (AB) has been linked to alcohol use, mood, and alcohol craving, with key differences across different types of mood and biological sex. However, further exploration of the role of AB across these alcohol variables is needed. The current study examined the relationship between mood and AB as predictors of alcohol craving using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Exploratory analysis examined these effects as a function of biological sex. METHODS Participants (n = 69) from a Midwestern University carried a mobile device for 15 days and provided ratings of momentary mood (positive mood, anxious mood, and sad mood), alcohol craving, and AB. Data were analyzed using a two-level multilevel regression model, with associations between craving, mood, and AB examined at both the momentary and between-subjects levels. RESULTS Across assessments, positive and negative moods were positively associated with momentary craving, with AB found to operate differently between men and women. At the within-subjects level, increases in positive mood among men strengthened the AB-craving association, while women showed stronger AB-craving associations when positive mood decreased. At the between-subjects level, trait-like sadness led to positive AB-craving associations for men, however, this was the opposite for women. Similarly, AB-craving associations were positive and robust for men with trait-like positive mood but again the opposite was observed for women. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance and nuances of biological sex in the context of mood, AB, and craving. Interventions targeting AB and/or emotion regulation may yield different outcomes for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Moskal
- Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Robert D Dvorak
- Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Emily K Burr
- Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jessica L Cora
- Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Ardhys N De Leon
- Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Angelina V Leary
- Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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8
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Dong H, Li W, Ye D. The Influence of English as a Foreign Language Teachers' Positive Mood and Hope on Their Academic Buoyancy: A Theoretical Review. Front Psychol 2022; 12:801435. [PMID: 35058860 PMCID: PMC8763973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.801435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are now considered critical elements of a successful education. In English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context, there are many challenges for teachers to deal with. Hence, it is necessary to take their emotions into consideration. Despite many studies in this area, researching teachers' positive mood, hope, and academic buoyancy has been left less attended. Trying to introduce this line, the present study reviewed the definitions, related concepts, theories, and previous studies done on these three variables in detail. It also touched upon the origins of researching emotion in educational contexts describing different schools of psychology. Additionally, the study offered some practical implications for EFL teachers, students, policy-makers, teacher trainers, and researchers. Finally, it enumerated the existing gaps in this area and made a number of research suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- School of Foreign Studies, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, China
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9
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Grèzes J, Erblang M, Vilarem E, Quiquempoix M, Van Beers P, Guillard M, Sauvet F, Mennella R, Rabat A. Impact of total sleep deprivation and related mood changes on approach-avoidance decisions to threat-related facial displays. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab186. [PMID: 34313789 PMCID: PMC8664577 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Total sleep deprivation is known to have significant detrimental effects on cognitive and socio-emotional functioning. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which total sleep loss disturbs decision-making in social contexts are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of total sleep deprivation on approach/avoidance decisions when faced with threatening individuals, as well as the potential moderating role of sleep-related mood changes. METHODS Participants (n = 34) made spontaneous approach/avoidance decisions in the presence of task-irrelevant angry or fearful individuals, while rested or totally sleep deprived (27 h of continuous wakefulness). Sleep-related changes in mood and sustained attention were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affective Scale and the psychomotor vigilance task, respectively. RESULTS Rested participants avoided both fearful and angry individuals, with stronger avoidance for angry individuals, in line with previous results. On the contrary, totally sleep deprived participants favored neither approach nor avoidance of fearful individuals, while they still comparably avoided angry individuals. Drift-diffusion models showed that this effect was accounted for by the fact that total sleep deprivation reduced value-based evidence accumulation toward avoidance during decision making. Finally, the reduction of positive mood after total sleep deprivation positively correlated with the reduction of fearful display avoidance. Importantly, this correlation was not mediated by a sleep-related reduction in sustained attention. CONCLUSIONS All together, these findings support the underestimated role of positive mood-state alterations caused by total sleep loss on approach/avoidance decisions when facing ambiguous socio-emotional displays, such as fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Grèzes
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory (LNC Inserm U960), Department of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Mégane Erblang
- Laboratoire de Biologie de l’Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé (LBEPS), Université d’Evry, IRBA, Université de Paris Saclay, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Emma Vilarem
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory (LNC Inserm U960), Department of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Michael Quiquempoix
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
| | - Rocco Mennella
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory (LNC Inserm U960), Department of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
- Laboratory on the Interactions between Cognition, Action, and Emotion (LICAE) – Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Arnaud Rabat
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge cedex, France
- Equipe d’accueil VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil (VIFASOM), EA 7330, Hôtel Dieu, Université de Paris, France
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10
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Wu S, Kee DMH, Li D, Ni D. Thanks for Your Recognition, Boss! a Study of How and When Voice Endorsement Promotes Job Performance and Voice. Front Psychol 2021; 12:706501. [PMID: 34354647 PMCID: PMC8329334 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing studies mainly explore the antecedents and distal outcomes of voice behavior of employees. Less is known about what may occur after supervisors endorse ideas of employees. Based on the conservation of resources theory, we explored how and when voice endorsement affects job performance and voice behavior of employees. With the sample of 444 matched supervisor–subordinate pairs from a large organization, we found that voice endorsement of supervisors positively influences voice behavior and job performance of employees through the mediating effects of positive mood and work engagement. Additionally, we found that the voice commitment of employees strengthens the influence of voice endorsement of supervisors on positive mood of employees. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxue Wu
- School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Daiheng Li
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ni
- School of Business, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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He H, Hu L, Li H, Cao Y, Zhang X. The influence of mood on the effort in trying to shift one's attention from a mind wandering phase to focusing on ongoing activities in a laboratory and in daily life. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:1136-1149. [PMID: 34006189 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1929854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the effect of mood on self-reported effort in trying to focus back from mind wandering to ongoing things. We conducted three studies (one correlational and two experimental studies). Study 1 served as a correlational demonstration (questionnaires) of the negative relations between focus back effort and negative mood and between mind wandering and focus back effort at the trait level. Furthermore, a self-reported measure of focus back effort was developed to examine the effect of mood inductions on the ratings of focus back effort in the laboratory (Study 2) and daily life (Study 3). The findings of Studies 2 and 3 revealed that both in the laboratory and in daily life, participants in a negative mood reported lower levels of focus back effort rating than those in a positive mood. Thus, moods modulated mind wandering and an individual's effort in trying to focus back to some extent. Future work should account for the role of moods in mind wandering or focus back episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Luming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Chang EC, Jiang X, Tian W, Yi S, Liu J, Liang P, Liang Y, Lai S, Shi X, Li M, Chang OD, Hirsch JK. Hope as a Process in Understanding Positive Mood and Suicide Protection. Crisis 2021; 43:90-97. [PMID: 33474993 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: According to the broaden-and-build model of positive mood, positive emotions are believed to broaden cognition resources and build psychological resiliency, to help incur positive psychological outcomes. Aim: We examined hope as a potential mediator of the association between positive mood and suicide protection (viz., life satisfaction and reasons for living) in adults. We hypothesized that positive mood would be associated with greater suicide protection through broadening hope agency and building hope pathways. Method: A sample of 320 college students completed measures of positive emotions, hope, and suicide protection. Results: Results from bootstrapped mediation testing indicated that hope agency, but not hope pathways, partially or fully mediated the relationship between positive mood and suicide protection. Limitations: It is not clear whether these findings are generalizable to a more diverse adult population. Also, it is not possible to rule out alternative causal models involving positive emotions and suicide protection. Conclusion: These findings provide some promising preliminary evidence for how positive emotions might help build hope agency to foster greater suicide protection in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinying Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Shangwen Yi
- Sauder School of Business, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jiting Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Pengwei Liang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Yongyi Liang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Siyu Lai
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Shi
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olivia D Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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13
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Subramaniam K, Kothare H, Hinkley LB, Tarapore P, Nagarajan SS. Establishing a Causal Role for Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Reality Monitoring. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:106. [PMID: 32269518 PMCID: PMC7109326 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reality monitoring is defined as the ability to distinguish internally self-generated information from externally-derived information. Functional imaging studies have consistently found that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain region subserving reality monitoring. This study aimed to determine a causal role for mPFC in reality monitoring using navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS). In a subject-blinded sham-controlled crossover design, healthy individuals received either active or sham nrTMS targeting mPFC. Active modulation of mPFC using nrTMS at a frequency of 10 Hz, significantly improved identification of both self-generated and externally-derived information during reality monitoring, when compared to sham or baseline. Targeted excitatory modulation of mPFC also improved positive mood, reduced negative mood, and increased overall alertness/arousal. These results establish optimal nrTMS dosing parameters that maximized tolerability/comfort and induced significant neuromodulatory effects in the mPFC target. Importantly, this is a proof-of-concept study that establishes the mPFC as a novel brain target that can be stimulated with nrTMS to causally impact both higher-order reality monitoring and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hardik Kothare
- UCB/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Leighton B. Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Phiroz Tarapore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Srikantan S. Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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14
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Frone MR, Blais AR. Organizational Downsizing, Work Conditions, and Employee Outcomes: Identifying Targets for Workplace Intervention among Survivors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E719. [PMID: 31979122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study broadly assesses the association of organizational downsizing to work conditions and employee outcomes, and the extent to which work conditions mediate the association of downsizing to employee outcomes, thereby serving as targets for workplace intervention to reduce the harmful effects of downsizing on surviving workers. The cross-sectional data came from a national probability sample of 2297 U.S. workers. A parallel multiple-mediator model with multiple outcomes was estimated, adjusting for personal, occupational, geographic, and temporal covariates. Exposure to downsizing was the predictor. A set of 12 work conditions, representing four dimensions of the work environment, served as simultaneous mediators (Work Role: work demands, role conflict, role ambiguity, and work autonomy; Interpersonal Relationships: supervisor aggression, coworker aggression, friendship formation, and dysfunctional leadership; Rewards: distributive justice and promotion opportunities; Security: job insecurity and employment insecurity). A set of 16 employee consequences, representing five categories of outcomes, served as simultaneous outcomes (Inability to Detach from Work: negative work rumination and inability to unwind after work; Energetic Resource Depletion: physical, mental, and emotional work fatigue; Negative Affect: depression, anxiety, and anger; Positive Affect: happiness, confidence, and vigor; Health: physical and mental health; Work Attitudes: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions). The results indicated that downsizing had an adverse association with nine of the 12 work conditions (higher levels of work demands, role conflict, supervisor aggression, dysfunctional leadership, job insecurity, and employment insecurity, and lower levels of friendship formation, distributive justice, and promotion opportunities) and all 16 employee outcomes. Moreover, the associations of downsizing to the employee outcomes were indirect, collectively mediated by the nine work conditions. This study provides the broadest evaluation of the deleterious effects of downsizing on U.S. workers surviving a downsizing, identifies affected work conditions that can serve as targets for workplace interventions, and provides insight into why organizational downsizing often fails to deliver anticipated financial and performance benefits to organizations. In terms of serving as targets for workplace intervention, some work conditions meditated the associations of downsizing to a broad set of employee outcomes, whereas other work conditions were specific to certain outcomes. The broad mediators should be targets of any intervention aimed at reducing the adverse effects of downsizing, with additional workplace targets depending on the class of outcomes to be addressed by the intervention.
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15
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Nouchi R, Kobayashi A, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Newly Developed TV-Based Cognitive Training Games Improve Car Driving Skills, Cognitive Functions, and Mood in Healthy Older Adults: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:99. [PMID: 31133842 PMCID: PMC6513888 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive training in a laboratory improves car driving skills of older car drivers. However, it remains unclear whether other types of cognitive training at home have beneficial effects on driving skills. Using our developed cognitive training games that can be played on a television with a set-top box in a person’s home, we investigated the effects of a 6-week cognitive training program on driving skills, which included on-road evaluation (primary outcome), and cognitive functions and emotional states (secondary outcome) in older people. Methods: In this double-blinded randomized control trial (RCT), 60 older licensed drivers were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: a cognitive training game for car driving (CTCD) group and an active control cognitive training game (ACT) group. Participants in the CTCD group played the CTCD (processing speed, dual attention, and speed prediction) for 20 min in five sessions per week for 6 weeks. Participants in the ACT group played the ACT (selecting the larger number; selecting a number from largest to smallest; play a game of rock, article, scissors) for 20 min in five sessions per week for 6 weeks. We measured driving skills, various cognitive functions, and emotional states before and after the 6-week intervention period. Results: Our main results showed that compared to the ACT group, the CTCD group demonstrated improved driving skills (adjusted p = 0.034). Moreover, the CTCD group demonstrated improved inhibition (stroop, adjusted p = 0.042: reverse Stroop, adjusted p = 0.043) and processing speed performance symbol search (SS), adjusted p = 0.049; digit symbol coding (adjusted p = 0.047), compared to the ACT group. The CTCD group scored higher on vigor–activity mood (adjusted p = 0.041) as measured using the Profile of Mood State. Discussion: This randomized controlled trial provides scientific evidence for the benefits of the 6-week CTCD program on driving skills and cognitive functions, such as processing speed, inhibition, and vigor–activity mood, in healthy older people. Our results suggest that cognitive training is useful to improve the driving skills of older adults. Trial registration: This trial was registered at The University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000029769). Registered 31 October 2017, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000034010
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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16
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Stürmer B, Ouyang G, Palazova M, Schacht A, Martín-Loeches M, Rausch P, Sommer W. Lunching for Relaxation or Cognitive Control? After-Effects of Social and Solitary Meals. Adv Cogn Psychol 2018; 14:14-20. [PMID: 30151064 PMCID: PMC6104683 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Meals, especially when taken in company, may affect the diner’s mood. In line
with findings that mood may alter cognitive control, a previous study by the
authors found that after solitary meals, the Simon effect was
diminished as compared to a premeal condition, whereas a social meal did not
reduce the Simon effect. Here, we investigated whether this finding generalizes
across different demands in cognitive control and, therefore, applied a flanker
task. Obtained questionnaire data indicated differential effects in mood and
relaxation of a social as compared to a solitary meal. Replicating our previous
findings, the flanker compatibility effect decreased after a solitary meal but
increased after a social meal. The present results support our previous findings
with new evidence that a meal taken in a social context attenuates subsequent
cognitive control processes compared with a solitary meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Stürmer
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Stromstraße 1, 10555
Berlin, Germany
| | - Guang Ouyang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Baptist
University Rd., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Palazova
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Stromstraße 1, 10555
Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Martín-Loeches
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. de Séneca, 2, Ciudad
Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip Rausch
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Werner Sommer
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin,
Germany
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17
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Paul K, Pourtois G. Mood congruent tuning of reward expectation in positive mood: evidence from FRN and theta modulations. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:765-774. [PMID: 28199707 PMCID: PMC5460044 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive mood broadens attention and builds additional mental resources. However, its effect on performance monitoring and reward prediction errors remain unclear. To examine this issue, we used a standard mood induction procedure (based on guided imagery) and asked 45 participants to complete a gambling task suited to study reward prediction errors by means of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and mid-frontal theta band power. Results showed a larger FRN for negative feedback as well as a lack of reward expectation modulation for positive feedback at the theta level with positive mood, relative to a neutral mood condition. A control analysis showed that this latter result could not be explained by the mere superposition of the event-related brain potential component on the theta oscillations. Moreover, these neurophysiological effects were evidenced in the absence of impairments at the behavioral level or increase in autonomic arousal with positive mood, suggesting that this mood state reliably altered brain mechanisms of reward prediction errors during performance monitoring. We interpret these new results as reflecting a genuine mood congruency effect, whereby reward is anticipated as the default outcome with positive mood and therefore processed as unsurprising (even when it is unlikely), while negative feedback is perceived as unexpected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Paul
- Cognitive and Affective Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilles Pourtois
- Cognitive and Affective Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Demeyer I, Urbain I, De Raedt R. Resilience at Information Processing Level in Older Adults: Maintained Attention for Happy Faces when Positive Mood is Low. Span J Psychol 2017; 20:E53. [PMID: 29081314 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Even though ageing is associated with declining cognitive capabilities, research has demonstrated an age-related improvement in affective well-being. This improvement can be related to increased resilience, developing as changes in emotion regulation at information-processing level. During negative mood, emotion regulation becomes a priority as demonstrated by an increased preference for positive over negative information in older adults. However, the effect of a positive mood on older adult's attentional preferences has not been established yet. To investigate this, 37 older adults were randomly assigned to a relaxation or a control condition (music). Mood state was assessed before and after the manipulation. Attentional bias was measured by an exogenous cueing task, in which the location of the target was correctly or incorrectly cued by happy, sad or neutral facial pictures. Both groups showed a decrease in negative mood (p < .001, 95% CI [2.73, 5.97], d = .82) without changes in positive mood. The relaxation group showed a significantly bigger increase in feeling relaxed (p = .017, η2 p = .15). No significant group differences were found for attentional bias. However, over the whole group, less positive mood after the manipulation was associated with more maintained attention for positive information (r = -.49, p < .01). These results indicate that older adults deploy emotion regulation strategies in attention during low positive mood. Flexible attentional processing of emotional information might serve as a resilience factor to maintain well-being during later stages of life.
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19
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Morrongiello BA, Seasons M, Pogrebtsova E, Stewart J, Feliz J. Using Peer Communicated Norms About Safety to Reduce Injury-Risk Behaviors by Children. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:748-758. [PMID: 28369618 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined whether exposure to a safety norm could counteract the increase in risk taking children show when in an elevated positive mood state. Methods Risk taking (intentions, behaviors) was measured in a neutral and positive (induced experimentally) mood state. Before completing the tasks in a positive mood, 120 children 7-10 years were exposed to either a safety norm or a control audio. Results The control audio had no effect: children showed an increase in risk taking and intentions when in a positive mood compared with a neutral mood, replicating past research. In contrast, exposure to the safety norm counteracted this effect: children showed a decrease in risk taking and intentions when in a positive mood compared with a neutral mood. Conclusion Manipulating children's exposure to social norms can be an effective strategy for reducing injury-risk behaviors even when they are in an elevated positive mood state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Morrongiello
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, McKinnon Extension, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Seasons
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, McKinnon Extension, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Pogrebtsova
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, McKinnon Extension, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Julia Stewart
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, McKinnon Extension, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jayme Feliz
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, McKinnon Extension, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Abstract
Although behavioral research has shown that positive mood leads to desired outcomes in nearly every major life domain, no studies have directly examined the effects of positive mood on the neural processes underlying reward-related affect and goal-directed behavior. To address this gap, participants in the present fMRI study experienced either a positive (n = 20) or neutral (n = 20) mood induction and subsequently completed a monetary incentive delay task that assessed reward and loss processing. Consistent with prediction, positive mood elevated activity specifically during reward anticipation in corticostriatal neural regions that have been implicated in reward processing and goal-directed behavior, including the nucleus accumbens, caudate, lateral orbitofrontal cortex and putamen, as well as related paralimbic regions, including the anterior insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These effects were not observed during reward outcome, loss anticipation or loss outcome. Critically, this is the first study to report that positive mood enhances reward-related neural activity. Our findings have implications for uncovering the neural mechanisms by which positive mood enhances goal-directed behavior, understanding the malleability of reward-related neural activity, and developing targeted treatments for psychiatric disorders characterized by deficits in reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Young
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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21
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Abstract
It has been shown that positive emotions can facilitate integrative and associative information processing in cognitive functions. The present study examined whether emotions in observers can also enhance perceptual integrative processes. We tested 125 participants in total for revealing the effects of emotional states and traits in observers on the multisensory binding between auditory and visual signals. Participants in Experiment 1 observed two identical visual disks moving toward each other, coinciding, and moving away, presented with a brief sound. We found that for participants with lower depressive tendency, induced happy moods increased the width of the temporal binding window of the sound-induced bounce percept in the stream/bounce display, while no effect was found for the participants with higher depressive tendency. In contrast, no effect of mood was observed for a simple audiovisual simultaneity discrimination task in Experiment 2. These results provide the first empirical evidence of a dependency of multisensory binding upon emotional states and traits, revealing that positive emotions can facilitate the multisensory binding processes at a perceptual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho S Kitamura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan; NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT CorporationTokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
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22
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Finan PH, Quartana PJ, Smith MT. The Effects of Sleep Continuity Disruption on Positive Mood and Sleep Architecture in Healthy Adults. Sleep 2015; 38:1735-42. [PMID: 26085289 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test an experimental model of the effects of sleep continuity disturbance on sleep architecture and positive mood in order to better understand the mechanisms linking insomnia and depression. DESIGN Participants were randomized to receive 3 consecutive nights of sleep continuity disruption via forced nocturnal awakenings (FA, n = 21), or one of two control conditions: restricted sleep opportunity (RSO, n = 17) or uninterrupted sleep (US, n = 24). SETTING The study was set in an inpatient clinical research suite. PARTICIPANTS Healthy, good-sleeping men and women were included. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS Polysomnography was used to measure sleep architecture, and mood was assessed via self-report each day. Compared to restricted sleep opportunity controls, forced awakenings subjects had significantly less slow wave sleep (P < 0.05) after the first night of sleep deprivation, and significantly lower positive mood (P < 0.05) after the second night of sleep deprivation. The differential change in slow wave sleep statistically mediated the observed group differences in positive mood (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first human experimental study to demonstrate that, despite comparable reductions in total sleep time, partial sleep loss from sleep continuity disruption is more detrimental to positive mood than partial sleep loss from delaying bedtime, even when controlling for concomitant increases in negative mood. With these findings, we provide temporal evidence in support of a putative biologic mechanism (slow wave sleep deficit) that could help explain the strong comorbidity between insomnia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Finan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Phillip J Quartana
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | - Michael T Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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23
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Tang YY, Lu Q, Feng H, Tang R, Posner MI. Short-term meditation increases blood flow in anterior cingulate cortex and insula. Front Psychol 2015; 6:212. [PMID: 25767459 PMCID: PMC4341506 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetry in frontal electrical activity has been reported to be associated with positive mood. One form of mindfulness meditation, integrative body-mind training (IBMT) improves positive mood and neuroplasticity. The purpose of this study is to determine whether short-term IBMT improves mood and induces frontal asymmetry. This study showed that 5-days (30-min per day) IBMT significantly enhanced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in subgenual/adjacent ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial prefrontal cortex and insula. The results showed that both IBMT and relaxation training increased left laterality of CBF, but only IBMT improved CBF in left ACC and insula, critical brain areas in self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Tang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Qilin Lu
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Lab for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology Dalian, China
| | - Hongbo Feng
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Lab for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology Dalian, China ; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Rongxiang Tang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
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Morrongiello BA, Stewart J, Pope K, Pogrebtsova E, Boulay KJ. Exploring relations between positive mood state and school-age children's risk taking. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 40:406-18. [PMID: 25466880 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether children engage in greater risk taking when in a positive versus neutral mood state, and whether positive urgency trait relates to risk taking. METHODS Positive mood in 7-10-year-old children was induced experimentally, and children's risk-taking intentions and actual behaviors were measured when the child was in a positive and neutral mood state. RESULTS Within-person comparisons revealed that children showed greater risk-taking intentions and actual risk behaviors when in a positive mood state compared with a neutral one. Positive urgency was associated with greater risk taking when in a positive mood state, and this effect was stronger in the actual risk taking than intentions to risk take task. CONCLUSIONS Mood state affects children's risk taking. Positive mood is associated with greater risk taking in elementary-school children, and those high in positive urgency are especially likely to show this effect. Implications for injury prevention are discussed.
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25
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Zarit SH, Whetzel CA, Kim K, Femia EE, Almeida DM, Rovine MJ, Klein LC. Daily stressors and adult day service use by family caregivers: effects on depressive symptoms, positive mood, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:1592-602. [PMID: 24566240 PMCID: PMC4119567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines effects of daily use of adult day service (ADS) programs by caregivers of individuals with dementia (IWD) on a salivary biomarker of stress reactivity, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), and whether these effects on DHEA-S are associated with daily variability in positive mood and depressive symptoms. METHODS We used a daily diary design of 8 consecutive days with alternation of intervention (ADS) and nonintervention days to evaluate within- and between-person effects of the intervention. Family caregivers (N = 151) of IWD who were using ADS were interviewed daily by telephone at home. Saliva samples were collected from caregivers five times a day for 8 consecutive days and were assayed for DHEA-S. Daily telephone interviews assessed daily stressors and mood. RESULTS DHEA-S levels were significantly higher on days after ADS use. Daily DHEA-S levels covaried significantly with daily positive mood but not with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate an association of ADS use by family caregivers and higher DHEA-S levels on the next day. Prior research has found that higher DHEA-S levels are protective against the physiologic damaging effects of stressor exposure and may reduce risks of illness. Regular use of ADS may help reduce depletion of DHEA-S and allow the body to mount a protective and restorative response to the physiologic demands of caregiving. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine DHEA-S levels across the day in connection with an intervention that affected daily exposure to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Zarit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University,Address correspondence to: Steven H. Zarit, Ph.D., 315 Health and Human Development East, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Phone: 814-865-5260, Fax: 814-865-7963,
| | - Courtney A. Whetzel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University,Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Elia E. Femia
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - David M. Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University,Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Michael J. Rovine
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Laura Cousino Klein
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University,Institute of the Neurosciences, The Pennsylvania State University
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Abstract
Restoration of positive mood, in addition to reducing negative mood, is an important treatment goal in the management of depression. The need to restore positive mood states in depressed patients is not adequately addressed by available treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), suggesting that this mood dimension could be a useful target for drug development. However, for positive mood restoration to become a valid target for antidepressant drug development certain questions should be answered: are symptoms of decreased positive mood phenomenologically distinct from other symptoms of MDD? Should they be considered a distinct aspect of MDD in the diagnostic nomenclature? Is there evidence for differential responsiveness to treatment? Is the underlying pathophysiology understood and different from that of other MDD symptoms? Is low positive mood specific to depression or does it contribute to psychopathology in other disorders? Beyond these basic questions, this review identifies a number of design issues that need to be considered when conducting studies that target improving positive mood. These design issues include (1) what population to study, (2) what line of treatment to target, (3) the appropriateness and validation of methods and measures to evaluate positive mood and its restoration, (4) the role of functional outcome measures in determining success of the treatment, and (5) optimal designs for add-on therapy versus monotherapy agents.
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Subramaniam K, Vinogradov S. Improving the neural mechanisms of cognition through the pursuit of happiness. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:452. [PMID: 23966924 PMCID: PMC3735982 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews evidence on the neural basis of how positive mood states can modulate cognition, particularly during creative problem-solving. Studies performed over the past few decades demonstrate that individuals in a positive mood engage in a broader scope of attention, enhancing their access to distant and unusual semantic associations, and increasing task-shifting and problem-solving capacities. In this review, we summarize these behavioral studies; we then present recent findings on the changes in brain activation patterns that are induced by a positive mood when participants engage in problem-solving tasks and show how these relate to task performance. Additionally, we integrate findings on the neuromodulatory influence of positive mood on cognition as mediated by dopaminergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex and we describe how this system can go awry during pathological states of elevated mood as in mania. Finally, we describe current and future research directions using psychotherapeutic and real-time fMRI neurofeedback approaches to up-regulate positive mood and facilitate optimal creative cognitive performance. We conclude with some speculations on the clinical implications of this emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Abstract
Some evidence suggests that positive mood influences cognitive control. The current research investigated whether positive mood has differential effects on two aspects of cognitive control, working memory and prepotent response inhibition. In Study 1, following either a positive or neutral mood induction, participants completed the Running Memory Span (RMS), a measure primarily of working memory storage capacity, and the Stroop task, a measure of prepotent response inhibition. Results were that the positive mood group performed worse on the RMS task but not on the Stroop task. In Study 2, participants completed the RMS and another measure of prepotent response inhibition, the Flanker task. Results were that when in a positive mood state participants performed worse on the RMS but not on the Flanker task. Overall, this research suggests that positive mood has differential effects on cognitive control, impairing working memory but having no effect on prepotent response inhibition.
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