1
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Lin H, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Kaur J, Wick P, Pelin M, Tubaro A, Carniel FC, Tretiach M, Flahaut E, Iglesias D, Vázquez E, Cellot G, Ballerini L, Castagnola V, Benfenati F, Armirotti A, Sallustrau A, Taran F, Keck M, Bussy C, Vranic S, Kostarelos K, Connolly M, Navas JM, Mouchet F, Gauthier L, Baker J, Suarez-Merino B, Kanerva T, Prato M, Fadeel B, Bianco A. Environmental and Health Impacts of Graphene and Other Two-Dimensional Materials: A Graphene Flagship Perspective. ACS Nano 2024; 18:6038-6094. [PMID: 38350010 PMCID: PMC10906101 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous interest ever since the isolation of atomically thin sheets of graphene in 2004 due to the specific and versatile properties of these materials. However, the increasing production and use of 2D materials necessitate a thorough evaluation of the potential impact on human health and the environment. Furthermore, harmonized test protocols are needed with which to assess the safety of 2D materials. The Graphene Flagship project (2013-2023), funded by the European Commission, addressed the identification of the possible hazard of graphene-based materials as well as emerging 2D materials including transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and others. Additionally, so-called green chemistry approaches were explored to achieve the goal of a safe and sustainable production and use of this fascinating family of nanomaterials. The present review provides a compact survey of the findings and the lessons learned in the Graphene Flagship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Lin
- CNRS,
UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jasreen Kaur
- Nanosafety
& Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT,
Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT,
UPS, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France
| | - Daniel Iglesias
- Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giada Cellot
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center
for
Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center
for
Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical
Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Mona Connolly
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria
y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria
y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Laboratoire
Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Laboratoire
Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - James Baker
- TEMAS Solutions GmbH, 5212 Hausen, Switzerland
| | | | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety
& Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS,
UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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2
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Rasmussen K, Bleeker EAJ, Baker J, Bouillard J, Fransman W, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Resch S, Sergent JA, Soeteman-Hernandez LG, Suarez-Merino B, Porcari A. A roadmap to strengthen standardisation efforts in risk governance of nanotechnology. NanoImpact 2023; 32:100483. [PMID: 37734653 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A roadmap was developed to strengthen standardisation activities for risk governance of nanotechnology. Its baseline is the available standardised and harmonised methods for nanotechnology developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In order to identify improvements and needs for new themes in standardisation work, an analysis of the state-of-the-art concepts and interpretations of risk governance of nanotechnology was performed. Eleven overall areas of action were identified, each including a subset of specific topics. Themes addressed include physical chemical characterisation, assessment of hazard, exposure, risk and socio-economic factors, as well as education & training and social dialogue. This has been visualised in a standardisation roadmap spanning a timeframe of ten years and including key outcomes and highlights of the analysis. Furthermore, the roadmap indicates potential areas of action for harmonisation and standardisation (H&S) for nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It also includes an evaluation of the current level (limited, moderate, intense) of ongoing H&S activities and indicates the time horizon for the different areas of action. As the identified areas differ in their state of development, the number and type of actions varied widely amongst the different actions towards achieving standardisation. Thus, priority areas were also identified. The overall objective of these actions is to strengthen risk governance towards a safe use of nanomaterials and nano-related products. Though not explicitly addressed, risk-based legislation and policies are supported via the proposed H&S actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Rasmussen
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Eric A J Bleeker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - James Baker
- Nanotechnology Industries Association, Avenue Tervueren 143, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Bouillard
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Wouter Fransman
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas A J Kuhlbusch
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1 - 25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Susanne Resch
- BioNanoNet, Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Steyrergasse 17 / EG, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jacques-Aurélien Sergent
- Solvay SA, Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Rue de Ransbeek 310, 1120 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lya G Soeteman-Hernandez
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea Porcari
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Industriale, Viale Gorizia 25C, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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3
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Shandilya N, Barreau MS, Suarez-Merino B, Porcari A, Pimponi D, Jensen KA, Fransman W, Franken R. TRAAC framework to improve regulatory acceptance and wider usability of tools and methods for safe innovation and sustainability of manufactured nanomaterials. NanoImpact 2023; 30:100461. [PMID: 37040858 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing use of advanced materials, particularly manufactured nanomaterials, in industrial applications and consumer products in the last two decades. It has instigated concerns about the sustainability, in particular, risks and uncertainties regarding the interactions of the manufactured nanomaterials with humans and the environment. Consequently, significant resources in Europe and beyond have been invested into the development of tools and methods to support risk mitigation and risk management, and thus facilitate the research and innovation process of manufactured nanomaterials. The level of risk analysis is increasing, including assessment of socio-economic impacts, and sustainability aspects, moving from a conventional risk-based approach to a wider safety-and-sustainability-by-design perspective. Despite these efforts on tools and methods development, the level of awareness and use of most of such tools and methods by stakeholders is still limited. Issues of regulatory compliance and acceptance, reliability and trust, user-friendliness and compatibility with the users' needs are some of the factors which have been traditionally known to hinder their widespread use. Therefore, a framework is presented to quantify the readiness of different tools and methods towards their wider regulatory acceptance and downstream use by different stakeholders. The framework diagnoses barriers which hinder regulatory acceptance and wider usability of a tool/method based on their Transparency, Reliability, Accessibility, Applicability and Completeness (TRAAC framework). Each TRAAC pillar consists of criteria which help in evaluating the overall quality of the tools and methods for their (i) compatibility with regulatory frameworks and (ii) usefulness and usability for end-users, through a calculated TRAAC score based on the assessment. Fourteen tools and methods were assessed using the TRAAC framework as proof-of-concept and for user variability testing. The results provide insights into any gaps, opportunities, and challenges in the context of each of the 5 pillars of the TRAAC framework. The framework could be, in principle, adapted and extended to the evaluation of other type of tools & methods, even beyond the case of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Porcari
- Italian Association for Industrial Research, Airi, Viale Gorizia 25/C, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pimponi
- Italian Association for Industrial Research, Airi, Viale Gorizia 25/C, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 105 Lersø Parkallé, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Remy Franken
- TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Sánchez Jiménez A, Puelles R, Perez-Fernandez M, Barruetabeña L, Jacobsen NR, Suarez-Merino B, Micheletti C, Manier N, Salieri B, Hischier R, Tsekovska R, Handzhiyski Y, Bouillard J, Oudart Y, Galea KS, Kelly S, Shandilya N, Goede H, Gomez-Cordon J, Jensen KA, van Tongeren M, Apostolova MD, Llopis IR. Safe(r) by design guidelines for the nanotechnology industry. NanoImpact 2022; 25:100385. [PMID: 35559891 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Expectations for safer and sustainable chemicals and products are growing to comply with the United Nations and European strategies for sustainability. The application of Safe(r) by Design (SbD) in nanotechnology implies an iterative process where functionality, human health and safety, environmental and economic impact and cost are assessed and balanced as early as possible in the innovation process and updated at each step. The EU H2020 NanoReg2 project was the first European project to implement SbD in six companies handling and/or manufacturing nanomaterials (NMs) and nano-enabled products (NEP). The results from this experience have been used to develop these guidelines on the practical application of SbD. The SbD approach foresees the identification, estimation, and reduction of human and environmental risks as early as possible in the development of a NM or NEP, and it is based on three pillars: (i) safer NMs and NEP; (ii) safer use and end of life and (iii) safer industrial production. The presented guidelines include a set of information and tools that will help deciding at each step of the innovation process whether to continue, apply SbD measures or carry out further tests to reduce uncertainty. It does not intend to be a prescriptive protocol where all suggested steps have to be followed to achieve a SbD NM/NEP or process. Rather, the guidelines are designed to identify risks at an early state and information to be considered to identify those risks. Each company adapts the approach to its specific needs and circumstances as company decisions influence the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Puelles
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Fernandez
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Leire Barruetabeña
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Park Alle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nicolas Manier
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550, France
| | - Beatrice Salieri
- TEMAS AG, 8048 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab (TSL), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roland Hischier
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab (TSL), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rositsa Tsekovska
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Handzhiyski
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jacques Bouillard
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550, France
| | - Yohan Oudart
- Nanomakers, 1 Rue de Clairefontaine, 78 120 Rambouillet, France
| | - Karen S Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sean Kelly
- Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA), Avenue Tervueren 143, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Henk Goede
- TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julio Gomez-Cordon
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Park Alle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PL,UK
| | - Margarita D Apostolova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Isabel Rodríguez Llopis
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain
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5
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Garcia-Bilbao A, Gómez-Fernández P, Larush L, Soroka Y, Suarez-Merino B, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Magdassi S, Goñi-de-Cerio F. Preparation, characterization, and biological evaluation of retinyl palmitate and Dead Sea water loaded nanoemulsions toward topical treatment of skin diseases. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911519885970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from different types of skin diseases worldwide. In the last decade, the development of nanocarriers has been the focus of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to enhance the performance of their products, and to meet consumers’ demands. Several delivery systems have been developed to improve the efficiency and minimize possible side effects. In this study, retinyl palmitate and Dead Sea water loaded nanoemulsions were developed as carriers to treat skin conditions such as photoaging, psoriasis, or atopic dermatitis. Toxicity profiles were carried out by means of viability, cell membrane asymmetry study, evaluation of oxidative stress induction (reactive oxygen species), and inflammation via cytokines production with a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and a mouse embryo fibroblasts cell line (BALB/3T3). Results showed that loaded nanoemulsions were found to be non-cytotoxic under the conditions of the study. Furthermore, no oxidative stress induction was observed. Likewise, an efficacy test of these loaded nanoemulsions was also tested on human skin organ cultures, before and after ultraviolet B light treatment. Viability and caspase-3 production assessment, in response to the exposure of skin explants to the loaded nanoemulsions, indicated non-toxic effects on human skin in culture, both with and without ultraviolet B irradiation. Further the ability of loaded nanoemulsions to protect the skin against ultraviolet B damage was assessed on skin explants reducing significantly the apoptotic activation after ultraviolet B irradiation. Our promising results indicate that the developed loaded nanoemulsions may represent a topical drug delivery system to be used as an alternative treatment for recurrent skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liraz Larush
- The Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- The Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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6
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Collins AR, Annangi B, Rubio L, Marcos R, Dorn M, Merker C, Estrela-Lopis I, Cimpan MR, Ibrahim M, Cimpan E, Ostermann M, Sauter A, Yamani NE, Shaposhnikov S, Chevillard S, Paget V, Grall R, Delic J, de-Cerio FG, Suarez-Merino B, Fessard V, Hogeveen KN, Fjellsbø LM, Pran ER, Brzicova T, Topinka J, Silva MJ, Leite PE, Ribeiro AR, Granjeiro JM, Grafström R, Prina-Mello A, Dusinska M. High throughput toxicity screening and intracellular detection of nanomaterials. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016; 9. [PMID: 27273980 PMCID: PMC5215403 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the growing numbers of nanomaterials (NMs), there is a great demand for rapid and reliable ways of testing NM safety—preferably using in vitro approaches, to avoid the ethical dilemmas associated with animal research. Data are needed for developing intelligent testing strategies for risk assessment of NMs, based on grouping and read‐across approaches. The adoption of high throughput screening (HTS) and high content analysis (HCA) for NM toxicity testing allows the testing of numerous materials at different concentrations and on different types of cells, reduces the effect of inter‐experimental variation, and makes substantial savings in time and cost. HTS/HCA approaches facilitate the classification of key biological indicators of NM‐cell interactions. Validation of in vitroHTS tests is required, taking account of relevance to in vivo results. HTS/HCA approaches are needed to assess dose‐ and time‐dependent toxicity, allowing prediction of in vivo adverse effects. Several HTS/HCA methods are being validated and applied for NM testing in the FP7 project NANoREG, including Label‐free cellular screening of NM uptake, HCA, High throughput flow cytometry, Impedance‐based monitoring, Multiplex analysis of secreted products, and genotoxicity methods—namely High throughput comet assay, High throughput in vitro micronucleus assay, and γH2AX assay. There are several technical challenges with HTS/HCA for NM testing, as toxicity screening needs to be coupled with characterization of NMs in exposure medium prior to the test; possible interference of NMs with HTS/HCA techniques is another concern. Advantages and challenges of HTS/HCA approaches in NM safety are discussed. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1413. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1413 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Collins
- Comet Biotech AS, and Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Laura Rubio
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Marco Dorn
- Institute of Biophysics and Medical Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolin Merker
- Institute of Biophysics and Medical Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Biophysics and Medical Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Emil Cimpan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Norway
| | - Melanie Ostermann
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Sauter
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Comet Biotech AS, and Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway.,Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Sylvie Chevillard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Radiobiologie Expérimentale et d'Innovation Technologique, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Radiobiologie Expérimentale et d'Innovation Technologique, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Romain Grall
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Radiobiologie Expérimentale et d'Innovation Technologique, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Jozo Delic
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Service de Radiobiologie Expérimentale et d'Innovation Technologique, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES Fougères Laboratory, Contaminant Toxicology Unit, France
| | | | - Lise Maria Fjellsbø
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Elise Runden Pran
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Tana Brzicova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria João Silva
- Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge and Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NMS/FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P E Leite
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A R Ribeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J M Granjeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roland Grafström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Nanomedicine Group, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
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7
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Eke G, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Suarez-Merino B, Hasirci N, Hasirci V. Biocompatibility of Dead Sea Water and retinyl palmitate carrying poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) micro/nanoparticles designed for transdermal skin therapy. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911515585183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, novel drug carriers were developed for the treatment of skin conditions such as psoriasis, aging, or ultraviolet damage using micro/nanocapsules and micro/nanospheres of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). The sizes of the particles were in the micron range and were loaded with retinyl palmitate and Dead Sea Water. In some tests, MgCl2 was used as a substitute for Dead Sea Water for accurate determination of released ions of Dead Sea Water. Encapsulation efficiency and loading of water-soluble excipients Dead Sea Water and MgCl2 were almost eight times lower than the hydrophobic compound retinyl palmitate. The particles were not cytotoxic as determined with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test using L929 mouse fibroblasts, BALB/3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts, and HaCaT human keratinocytes. Ames test showed that the carriers were not genotoxic. The particles penetrated the membrane of human osteosarcoma cells Saos 2 and accumulated in their cytoplasm. No reactive oxygen species production could be detected which indicated low or no inflammatory response toward the particles. In the tests with intact human skin, 1.2% of the retinyl palmitate–loaded poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) particles penetrated into the human skin, but when the skin was without stratum corneum and increased to 6.9%. In conclusion, these carriers have shown a significant potential as topical drug delivery systems in the personalized treatment of skin diseases because their contents could be modified according to a patient’s needs and several drugs could be loaded in one type of microparticle, or several populations, each carrying a different drug, can be used in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Eke
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN—Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Nesrin Hasirci
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN—Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN—Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Domínguez A, Álvarez A, Hilario E, Suarez-Merino B, Goñi-de-Cerio F. Central nervous system diseases and the role of the blood-brain barrier in their treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2052-6946-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Errico C, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Alderighi M, Ferri M, Suarez-Merino B, Soroka Y, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Chiellini F. Retinyl palmitate–loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for the topical treatment of skin diseases. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911512461107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles were prepared with poly(lactide- co-glycolide), Pluronic F127, and phospholipids and loaded with retinyl palmitate. Morphology and physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles were determined by atomic force microscopy, light scattering, and zeta potential. The elasticity and deformability of the nanoparticles were correlated to Tg values measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the nanosystems were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, cell membrane asymmetry, and Ames tests with BALB/3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts and HaCaT human keratinocytes cell lines. The reactive oxygen species levels and cytokine production in response to the exposure of cells to these nanoparticles were investigated, as well as the penetration in human skin culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Errico
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Michele Alderighi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Ferri
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Yoram Soroka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Federica Chiellini
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Ilhan A, Wagner L, Maj M, Woehrer A, Czech T, Heinzl H, Marosi C, Base W, Preusser M, Jeuken JW, Navis AC, Sijben A, Boots-Sprenger SH, Bleeker FE, Gijtenbeek JM, Wesseling P, Seyed Sadr E, Tessier A, Seyed Sadr M, Alshami J, Anan M, Sabau C, Del Maestro R, Agnihotri S, Gajadhar A, Wolf A, Mischel PM, Hawkins C, Guha A, Guan X, Chance MR, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Larson JD, Rodriguez FJ, Demer AM, Sarver AL, Dubac A, Jenkins RB, Dupuy AJ, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Taylor MD, Largaespada DA, Lusis EA, Stuart JE, Scheck AC, Coons SW, Lal A, Perry A, Gutmann DH, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Adams MD, Cohen M, Devine K, Wolinsky Y, Bambakidis N, Selman W, Miller R, Sloan AE, Suchorska B, Mehrkens JH, Eigenbrod S, Eroes CA, Tonn JC, Kretzschmar HA, Kreth FW, Buczkowicz P, Bartels U, Morrison A, Zarghooni M, Bouffet E, Hawkins C, Kollmeyer TM, Wrensch M, Decker PA, Xiao Y, Rynearson AL, Fink S, Kosel ML, Johnson DR, Lachance DH, Yang P, Fridley BL, Wiemels J, Wiencke J, Jenkins RB, Zhou YH, Hess KR, Yu L, Raj VR, Liu L, Alfred Yung WK, Hutchins LF, Linskey ME, Roldan G, Kachra R, McIntyre JB, Magliocco A, Easaw J, Hamilton M, Northcott PA, Van Meter T, Eberhart C, Weiss W, Rutka JT, Gupta N, Korshunov A, French P, Kros J, Michiels E, Kloosterhof N, Hauser P, Montange MF, Jouvet A, Bouffet E, Jung S, Kim SK, Wang KC, Cho BK, Di Rocco C, Massimi L, Leonard J, Scheurlen W, Pfister S, Robinson S, Yang SH, Yoo JY, Cho DG, Kim HK, Kim SW, Lee SW, Fink S, Kollmeyer T, Rynearson A, Decker P, Sicotte H, Yang P, Jenkins R, Lai A, Kharbanda S, Tran A, Pope W, Solis O, Peale F, Forrest W, Purjara K, Carrillo J, Pandita A, Ellingson B, Bowers C, Soriano R, Mohan S, Yong W, Aldape K, Mischel P, Liau L, Nghiemphu P, James CD, Prados M, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Cloughesy T, Phillips H, Thon N, Kreth S, Eigenbrod S, Lutz J, Ledderose C, Tonn JC, Kretzschmar H, Kreth FW, Mokhtari K, Ducray F, Kros JM, Gorlia T, Idbaih A, Marie Y, Taphoorn M, Wesseling P, Brandes AA, Hoang-Xuan K, Delattre JY, Van den Bent M, Sanson M, Lavon I, Shahar T, Granit A, Smith Y, Nossek E, Siegal T, Ram Z, Marko NF, Quackenbush J, Weil RJ, Ducray F, Criniere E, Idbaih A, Paris S, Marie Y, Carpentier C, Houillier C, Dieme M, Adam C, Hoang-Xuan K, Delattre JY, Duyckaerts C, Sanson M, Mokhtari K, Zinn PO, Kozono D, Kasper EM, Warnke PC, Chin L, Chen CC, Saito K, Mukasa A, Saito N, Stieber D, Lenkiewicz E, Evers L, Vallar L, Bjerkvig R, Barrett M, Niclou SP, Gorlia T, Brandes A, Stupp R, Rampling R, Fumoleau P, Dittrich C, Campone M, Twelves C, Raymond E, Lacombe D, van den Bent MJ, Potter N, Ashmore S, Karakoula K, Ward S, Suarez-Merino B, Luxsuwong M, Thomas DG, Darling J, Warr T, Gutman DA, Cooper L, Kong J, Chisolm C, Van Meir EG, Saltz JH, Moreno CS, Brat DJ, Brennan CW, Brat DJ, Aldape KD, Cohen M, Lehman NL, McLendon RE, Miller R, Schniederjan M, Vandenberg SR, Weaver K, Phillips S, Pierce L, Christensen B, Smith A, Zheng S, Koestler D, Houseman EA, Marsit CJ, Wiemels JL, Nelson HH, Karagas MR, Wrensch MR, Kelsey KT, Wiencke JK, Al-Nedawi K, Meehan B, Micallef J, Guha A, Rak J. -Omics and Prognostic Markers. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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11
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Suarez-Merino B, Aristimuño C, Aspiazu A, Larush L, De Cerio FG. A size dependent toxicity study of a nanoemulsion containing dead sea minerals as the active agent and designed to treat skin conditions. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Karakoula K, Suarez-Merino B, Ward S, Phipps KP, Harkness W, Hayward R, Thompson D, Jacques TS, Harding B, Beck J, Thomas DGT, Warr TJ. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of pediatric ependymomas identifies novel candidate genes including TPR at 1q25 and CHIBBY at 22q12-q13. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:1005-22. [PMID: 18663750 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of chromosome 22 and gain of 1q are the most frequent genomic aberrations in ependymomas, indicating that genes mapping to these regions are critical in their pathogenesis. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we measured relative copy numbers of 10 genes mapping to 22q12.3-q13.33 and 10 genes at 1q21-32 in a series of 47 pediatric intracranial ependymomas. Loss of one or more of the genes on 22 was detected in 81% of cases, with RAC2 and C22ORF2 at 22q12-q13.1 being deleted most frequently in 38% and 32% of ependymoma samples, respectively. Combined analysis of quantitative-PCR with methylation-specific PCR and bisulphite sequencing revealed a high rate (>60% ependymoma) of transcriptional inactivation of C22ORF2, indicating its potential importance in the development of pediatric ependymomas. Increase of relative copy numbers of at least one gene on 1q were detected in 61% of cases, with TPR at 1q25 displaying relative copy number gains in 38% of cases. Patient age was identified as a significant adverse prognostic factor, as a significantly shorter overall survival time (P = 0.0056) was observed in patients <2 years of age compared with patients who were >2 years of age. Loss of RAC2 at 22q13 or amplification of TPR at 1q25 was significantly associated with shorter overall survival in these younger patients (P = 0.0492 and P = < 0.0001, respectively). This study identifies candidate target genes within 1q and 22q that are potentially important in the pathogenesis of intracranial pediatric ependymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Karakoula
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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13
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Pellegatta S, Poliani PL, Corno D, Menghi F, Ghielmetti F, Suarez-Merino B, Caldera V, Nava S, Ravanini M, Facchetti F, Bruzzone MG, Finocchiaro G. Neurospheres enriched in cancer stem-like cells are highly effective in eliciting a dendritic cell-mediated immune response against malignant gliomas. Cancer Res 2006; 66:10247-52. [PMID: 17079441 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) could be a novel target for cancer therapy, including dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy. To address this, we developed experiments aimed at DC targeting of neurospheres (NS) from GL261 glioma cells because neurospheres can be enriched in CSC. We obtained murine neurospheres by growing GL261 cells in epidermal growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor without serum. GL261-NS recapitulated important features of glioblastoma CSC and expressed higher levels of radial glia stem cell markers than GL261 cells growing under standard conditions (GL261 adherent cells, GL261-AC), as assessed by DNA microarray and real-time PCR. GL261-NS brain gliomas were highly infiltrating and more rapidly lethal than GL261-AC, as evidenced by survival analysis (P < 0.0001), magnetic resonance imaging and histology. DC from the bone marrow of syngeneic mice were then used for immunotherapy of GL261-NS and GL261-AC tumors. Strikingly, DC loaded with GL261-NS (DC-NS) cured 80% and 60% of GL261-AC and GL261-NS tumors, respectively (P < 0.0001), whereas DC-AC cured only 50% of GL261-AC tumors (P = 0.0022) and none of the GL261-NS tumors. GL261-NS expressed higher levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) than GL261-AC; the JAM assay indicated that DC-NS splenocytes had higher lytic activity than DC-AC splenocytes on both GL261-NS and GL261-AC, and immunohistochemistry showed that DC-NS vaccination was associated with robust tumor infiltration by CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes. These findings suggest that DC targeting of CSC provides a higher level of protection against GL261 gliomas, a finding with potential implications for the design of clinical trials based on DC vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pellegatta
- Units of Experimental Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Besta, Milan, Italy
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14
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Piepoli T, Jakupoglu C, Gu W, Lualdi E, Suarez-Merino B, Poliani PL, Cattaneo MG, Ortino B, Goplen D, Wang J, Mola R, Inverardi F, Frassoni C, Bjerkvig R, Steinlein O, Vicentini LM, Brüstle O, Finocchiaro G. Expression studies in gliomas and glial cells do not support a tumor suppressor role for LGI1. Neuro Oncol 2006; 8:96-108. [PMID: 16533756 PMCID: PMC1871933 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2005-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of LGI1 in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines and LGI1 mutations in families with autosomal dominant epilepsy imply a role for LGI1 in glial cells as well as in neurons. Although we and others could not find LGI1 mutations in malignant gliomas, our initial studies appeared to support the idea that LGI1 is poorly expressed or absent in these tumors. Microarray data suggested that LGI1 could be involved in the control of matrix metalloproteinases, and we found that tumors derived from U87 glioblastoma cells overexpressing LGI1 were less aggressive than U87 control tumors. To our surprise, we observed that LGI1 expression after differentiation of murine neural stem cells was robust in neurons but negligible in glial cells, in agreement with immunohistochemistry studies on rodent brain. This observation could suggest that the variable levels of LGI1 expression in gliomas reflect the presence of neurons entrapped within the tumor. To test this hypothesis, we investigated LGI1 expression in parallel with expression of the neuronal marker NEF3 by real-time PCR on 30 malignant gliomas. Results showed a strong, positive correlation between the expression levels of these two genes (P < 0.0001). Thus, our data confirm that LGI1 is involved in cell-matrix interactions but suggest that its expression is not relevant in glial cells, implying that its role as a tumor suppressor in gliomas should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Address correspondence to Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy (
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15
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Suarez-Merino B, Hubank M, Revesz T, Harkness W, Hayward R, Thompson D, Darling JL, Thomas DGT, Warr TJ. Microarray analysis of pediatric ependymoma identifies a cluster of 112 candidate genes including four transcripts at 22q12.1-q13.3. Neuro Oncol 2005. [PMID: 15701279 DOI: 10.1215/s1152851704000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymomas are glial cell-derived tumors characterized by varying degrees of chromosomal abnormalities and variability in clinical behavior. Cytogenetic analysis of pediatric ependymoma has failed to identify consistent patterns of abnormalities, with the exception of monosomy of 22 or structural abnormalities of 22q. In this study, a total of 19 pediatric ependymoma samples were used in a series of expression profiling, quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), and loss of heterozygosity experiments to identify candidate genes involved in the development of this type of pediatric malignancy. Of the 12,627 genes analyzed, a subset of 112 genes emerged as being abnormally expressed when compared to three normal brain controls. Genes with increased expression included the oncogene WNT5A; the p53 homologue p63; and several cell cycle, cell adhesion, and proliferation genes. Underexpressed genes comprised the NF2 interacting gene SCHIP-1 and the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-associated gene EB1 among others. We validated the abnormal expression of six of these genes by Q-PCR. The subset of differentially expressed genes also included four underexpressed transcripts mapping to 22q12.313.3. By Q-PCR we show that one of these genes, 7 CBX7(22q13.1), was deleted in 55% of cases. Other genes mapping to cytogenetic hot spots included two overexpressed and three underexpressed genes mapping to 1q31-41 and 6q21-q24.3, respectively. These genes represent candidate genes involved in ependymoma tumorigenesis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time microarray analysis and Q-PCR have been linked to identify heterozygous/homozygous deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Suarez-Merino
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
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Suarez-Merino B, Hubank M, Revesz T, Harkness W, Hayward R, Thompson D, Darling JL, Thomas DG, Warr TJ. Microarray analysis of pediatric ependymoma identifies a cluster of 112 candidate genes including four transcripts at 22q12.1-q13.3. Neuro Oncol 2005; 7:20-31. [PMID: 15701279 PMCID: PMC1871622 DOI: 10.1215/s1152851704000596)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ependymomas are glial cell-derived tumors characterized by varying degrees of chromosomal abnormalities and variability in clinical behavior. Cytogenetic analysis of pediatric ependymoma has failed to identify consistent patterns of abnormalities, with the exception of monosomy of 22 or structural abnormalities of 22q. In this study, a total of 19 pediatric ependymoma samples were used in a series of expression profiling, quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), and loss of heterozygosity experiments to identify candidate genes involved in the development of this type of pediatric malignancy. Of the 12,627 genes analyzed, a subset of 112 genes emerged as being abnormally expressed when compared to three normal brain controls. Genes with increased expression included the oncogene WNT5A; the p53 homologue p63; and several cell cycle, cell adhesion, and proliferation genes. Underexpressed genes comprised the NF2 interacting gene SCHIP-1 and the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-associated gene EB1 among others. We validated the abnormal expression of six of these genes by Q-PCR. The subset of differentially expressed genes also included four underexpressed transcripts mapping to 22q12.313.3. By Q-PCR we show that one of these genes, 7 CBX7(22q13.1), was deleted in 55% of cases. Other genes mapping to cytogenetic hot spots included two overexpressed and three underexpressed genes mapping to 1q31-41 and 6q21-q24.3, respectively. These genes represent candidate genes involved in ependymoma tumorigenesis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time microarray analysis and Q-PCR have been linked to identify heterozygous/homozygous deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tracy J. Warr
- Address correspondence to Tracy J. Warr, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuro-Oncology Group, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (
)
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17
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Chioza B, Osei-Lah A, Nashef L, Suarez-Merino B, Wilkie H, Sham P, Knight J, Asherson P, Makoff AJ. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analysis to characterise a region in the calcium channel gene CACNA1A associated with idiopathic generalised epilepsy. Eur J Hum Genet 2002; 10:857-64. [PMID: 12461694 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2002] [Revised: 08/15/2002] [Accepted: 08/26/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) is a common form of epilepsy, including several defined and overlapping syndromes, and likely to be due to the combined actions of mutations in several genes. In a recent study we investigated the calcium channel gene CACNA1A for involvement in IGE, unselected for syndrome, by means of association studies using several polymorphisms within the gene. We reported a highly significant case/control association with a silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 8 that we confirmed by within-family analyses. In this present study we screened the gene for novel SNPs within 25 kb of exon 8, which have enabled us to define the critical region of CACNA1A in predisposing to IGE. Several intronic SNPs were identified and three, within 1.5 kb of exon 8 and in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other and with the original SNP, were significantly associated with IGE (P=0.00029, P=0.0015 and P=0.010). The associations were not limited to an IGE syndrome or other subgroup. Another SNP, 25 kb away, in intron 6 was also significantly associated with IGE (P=0.0057) but is not in linkage disequilibrium with the SNPs around exon 8. Haplotype predictions revealed even more significant associations (3-marker haplotype: P<10(-6)). Logistic regression showed that all the data can be explained by two of the SNPs, which is consistent with two functionally significant variants being responsible for all five associations, although a single variant cannot be excluded. The functionally significant variant(s) are unlikely to be exonic and suggests an effect on expression or alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Chioza
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
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