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Marrella V, Poliani PL, Casati A, Rucci F, Frascoli L, Gougeon ML, Lemercier B, Bosticardo M, Ravanini M, Battaglia M, Roncarolo MG, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Facchetti F, Notarangelo LD, Vezzoni P, Grassi F, Villa A. A hypomorphic R229Q Rag2 mouse mutant recapitulates human Omenn syndrome. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1260-9. [PMID: 17476358 PMCID: PMC1857243 DOI: 10.1172/jci30928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rag enzymes are the main players in V(D)J recombination, the process responsible for rearrangement of TCR and Ig genes. Hypomorphic Rag mutations in humans, which maintain partial V(D)J activity, cause a peculiar SCID associated with autoimmune-like manifestations, Omenn syndrome (OS). Although a deficient ability to sustain thymopoiesis and to produce a diverse T and B cell repertoire explains the increased susceptibility to severe infections, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the spectrum of clinical and immunological features of OS remain poorly defined. In order to better define the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of OS, we generated a knockin murine model carrying the Rag2 R229Q mutation previously described in several patients with OS and leaky forms of SCID. These Rag2(R229Q/R229Q) mice showed oligoclonal T cells, absence of circulating B cells, and peripheral eosinophilia. In addition, activated T cells infiltrated gut and skin, causing diarrhea, alopecia, and, in some cases, severe erythrodermia. These findings were associated with reduced thymic expression of Aire and markedly reduced numbers of naturally occurring Tregs and NKT lymphocytes. In conclusion, Rag2(R229Q/R229Q) mice mimicked most symptoms of human OS; our findings support the notion that impaired immune tolerance and defective immune regulation are involved in the pathophysiology of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Casati
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Rucci
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Frascoli
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie-Lise Gougeon
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brigitte Lemercier
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Ravanini
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina Cavazzana-Calvo
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Vezzoni
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Villa
- Human Genome Department, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy, and Vaccine Unit, INSERM 668, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy.
INSERM U768, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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