1
|
Lin H, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Kaur J, Wick P, Pelin M, Tubaro A, Carniel FC, Tretiach M, Flahaut E, Iglesias D, Vázquez E, Cellot G, Ballerini L, Castagnola V, Benfenati F, Armirotti A, Sallustrau A, Taran F, Keck M, Bussy C, Vranic S, Kostarelos K, Connolly M, Navas JM, Mouchet F, Gauthier L, Baker J, Suarez-Merino B, Kanerva T, Prato M, Fadeel B, Bianco A. Environmental and Health Impacts of Graphene and Other Two-Dimensional Materials: A Graphene Flagship Perspective. ACS Nano 2024; 18:6038-6094. [PMID: 38350010 PMCID: PMC10906101 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous interest ever since the isolation of atomically thin sheets of graphene in 2004 due to the specific and versatile properties of these materials. However, the increasing production and use of 2D materials necessitate a thorough evaluation of the potential impact on human health and the environment. Furthermore, harmonized test protocols are needed with which to assess the safety of 2D materials. The Graphene Flagship project (2013-2023), funded by the European Commission, addressed the identification of the possible hazard of graphene-based materials as well as emerging 2D materials including transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and others. Additionally, so-called green chemistry approaches were explored to achieve the goal of a safe and sustainable production and use of this fascinating family of nanomaterials. The present review provides a compact survey of the findings and the lessons learned in the Graphene Flagship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Lin
- CNRS,
UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jasreen Kaur
- Nanosafety
& Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT,
Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT,
UPS, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France
| | - Daniel Iglesias
- Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Facultad
de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giada Cellot
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International
School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center
for
Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center
for
Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical
Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Département
Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Graphene Institute, Manchester M13 9PT, United
Kingdom
| | - Mona Connolly
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria
y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria
y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7,5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Laboratoire
Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Laboratoire
Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - James Baker
- TEMAS Solutions GmbH, 5212 Hausen, Switzerland
| | | | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety
& Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 177 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS,
UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tuomi T, Johnsson T, Heino A, Lainejoki A, Salmi K, Poikkimäki M, Kanerva T, Säämänen A, Räsänen T. Managing Quartz Exposure in Apartment Building and Infrastructure Construction Work Tasks. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20085431. [PMID: 37107713 PMCID: PMC10138895 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present report describes exposure to respirable silica and dust in the construction industry, as well as means to manage them. The average exposure in studied work tasks (n = 148) amounted to 64% of the Finnish OEL value of 0.05 mg/m3. While 10% of exposure estimates exceeded the OEL, the 60% percentile was well below 10% of the OEL, as was the median exposure. In other words, exposure was low in more than half of the tasks. Work tasks where exposure was low included construction cleaning, work management, installation of concrete elements, rebar laying, driving work machines equipped with cabin air intake filtration, and landscaping, in addition to some road construction tasks. Excessive exposure (>OEL) was related to not using respiratory protection at all or not using it for long enough after the dusty activity ceased. Excessive exposures were found in sandblasting, dismantling facade elements, diamond drilling, drilling hollow-core slabs, drilling with a drilling rig, priming of explosives, tiling, use of cabinless earthmoving machines, and jackhammering, regardless of whether the hammering took place in an underpressurized compartment or not. Even in these tasks, it was possible to perform the work safely, following good dust prevention measures and, when necessary, using respiratory protection suitable for the job. Furthermore, in all tasks with generally low exposure, one could be significantly exposed through the general air or by making poor choices in terms of dust control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapani Tuomi
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Tom Johnsson
- Tapaturva Ltd., Finnoonlaaksontie 2, FI-02270 Espoo, Finland
| | - Arto Heino
- Lotus Demolition Ltd., Kalliosolantie 2, FI-01740 Vantaa, Finland
| | | | - Kari Salmi
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Poikkimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Räsänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kangas A, Kukko K, Kanerva T, Säämänen A, Akmal JS, Partanen J, Viitanen AK. Workplace Exposure Measurements of Emission from Industrial 3D Printing. Ann Work Expo Health 2023:7069230. [PMID: 36869756 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle and gaseous contaminants from industrial scale additive manufacturing (AM) machines were studied in three different work environments. Workplaces utilized powder bed fusion, material extrusion, and binder jetting techniques with metal and polymer powders, polymer filaments, and gypsum powder, respectively. The AM processes were studied from operator's point of view to identify exposure events and possible safety risks. Total number of particle concentrations were measured in the range of 10 nm to 300 nm from operator's breathing zone using portable devices and in the range of 2.5 nm to 10 µm from close vicinity of the AM machines using stationary measurement devices. Gas-phase compounds were measured with photoionization, electrochemical sensors, and an active air sampling method which were eventually followed by laboratory analyses. The duration of the measurements varied from 3 to 5 days during which the manufacturing processes were practically continuous. We identified several work phases in which an operator can potentially be exposed by inhalation (pulmonary exposure) to airborne emissions. A skin exposure was also identified as a potential risk factor based on the observations made on work tasks related to the AM process. The results confirmed that nanosized particles were present in the breathing air of the workspace when the ventilation of the AM machine was inadequate. Metal powders were not measured from the workstation air thanks to the closed system and suitable risk control procedures. Still, handling of metal powders and AM materials that can act as skin irritants such as epoxy resins were found to pose a potential risk for workers. This emphasizes the importance of appropriate control measures for ventilation and material handling that should be addressed in AM operations and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Kangas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kukko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Jan Sher Akmal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jouni Partanen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Viitanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kulmala I, Linnainmaa M, Kokkonen A, Heinonen K, Kanerva T, Säämänen A. Performance of Asbestos Enclosure Ventilation: Laboratory Evaluation of Complex Configuration. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:1085-1095. [PMID: 34228094 PMCID: PMC8577233 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to find out good practices for effective air distribution inside a complex shaped asbestos enclosure and for control of pressure differences between the enclosure and the surroundings. In addition, sufficient pressure difference for asbestos containment was tested. The effect of air distribution was studied in laboratory conditions by constructing an L-shaped asbestos enclosure and connecting it to a negative pressure unit. The efficiency of six different ventilation configurations was compared using a tracer decay method and the local air change indexes as the performance indicator. The sufficient negative pressure for containment was assessed by simulating person traffic to and from the enclosure and recording the pressure difference continuously. The effect of a pressure controller unit in maintaining the target pressure difference was also tested by simulating filter loadings of the negative pressure unit causing changes in the air flow rate. The results showed that high nominal air change rates alone do not guarantee good air distribution. Effective air distribution within an asbestos enclosure can be arranged by locating additional air supply openings far away from the air exhaustion point, using recirculation air with a pressure controller, or extending the exhaust location to the poorly ventilated areas. A pressure difference of at least -10 Pa is recommended to ensure a sufficient margin of safety in practical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Kulmala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Linnainmaa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-33032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Anna Kokkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kimmo Heinonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-33032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-33032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viitanen AK, Kallonen K, Kukko K, Kanerva T, Saukko E, Hussein T, Hämeri K, Säämänen A. Technical control of nanoparticle emissions from desktop 3D printing. Indoor Air 2021; 31:1061-1071. [PMID: 33647162 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Material extrusion (ME) desktop 3D printing is known to strongly emit nanoparticles (NP), and the need for risk management has been recognized widely. Four different engineering control measures were studied in real-life office conditions by means of online NP measurements and indoor aerosol modeling. The studied engineering control measures were general ventilation, local exhaust ventilation (LEV), retrofitted enclosure, and retrofitted enclosure with LEV. Efficiency between different control measures was compared based on particle number and surface area (SA) concentrations from which SA concentration was found to be more reliable. The study found out that for regular or long-time use of ME desktop 3D printers, the general ventilation is not sufficient control measure for NP emissions. Also, the LEV with canopy hood attached above the 3D printer did not control the emission remarkably and successful position of the hood in relation to the nozzle was found challenging. Retrofitted enclosure attached to the LEV reduced the NP emissions 96% based on SA concentration. Retrofitted enclosure is nearly as efficient as enclosure attached to the LEV (reduction of 89% based on SA concentration) but may be considered more practical solution than enclosure with LEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimmo Kallonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kukko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tareq Hussein
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kaarle Hämeri
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Honkanen M, Huuhtanen M, Kärkkäinen M, Kanerva T, Lahtonen K, Väliheikki A, Kallinen K, Keiski RL, Vippola M. Characterization of Pt-based oxidation catalyst – Deactivated simultaneously by sulfur and phosphorus. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Fonseca AS, Viitanen AK, Kanerva T, Säämänen A, Aguerre-Chariol O, Fable S, Dermigny A, Karoski N, Fraboulet I, Koponen IK, Delpivo C, Vilchez Villalba A, Vázquez-Campos S, Østerskov Jensen AC, Hjortkjær Nielsen S, Sahlgren N, Clausen PA, Xuan Nguyen Larsen B, Kofoed-Sørensen V, Alstrup Jensen K, Koivisto J. Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO 2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18020418. [PMID: 33430311 PMCID: PMC7825781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and personal measurements were conducted and results were used to estimate the mass flows in the facility and the airborne particle release to the outdoor environment. Airborne particle number concentration (1 × 103–1.0 × 104 cm−3), respirable mass (0.06–0.6 mg m−3), and PM10 (0.3–6.5 mg m−3) were measured during pouring activities. In overall; emissions from pouring activities were found to be dominated by coarser particles >300 nm. Even though the raw materials were not identified as nanomaterials by the manufacturers, handling of TiO2 and clays resulted in release of nanometric particles to both workplace air and outdoor environment, which was confirmed by TEM analysis of indoor and stack emission samples. During the measurement period, none of the existing exposure limits in force were exceeded. Particle release to the outdoor environment varied from 6 to 20 g ton−1 at concentrations between 0.6 and 9.7 mg m−3 of total suspended dust depending on the powder. The estimated release of TiO2 to outdoors was 0.9 kg per year. Particle release to the environment is not expected to cause any major impact due to atmospheric dilution
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Fonseca
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3916-5492
| | - Anna-Kaisa Viitanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Olivier Aguerre-Chariol
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Sebastien Fable
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Adrien Dermigny
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Nicolas Karoski
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Isaline Fraboulet
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | | | - Camilla Delpivo
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Vilchez Villalba
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Socorro Vázquez-Campos
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Alexander Christian Østerskov Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Signe Hjortkjær Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Nicklas Sahlgren
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Bianca Xuan Nguyen Larsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Vivi Kofoed-Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
- ARCHE Consulting, B-9032 Ghent, Belgium
- Air Pollution Management, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 UHEL Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kokkonen A, Linnainmaa M, Säämänen A, Kanerva T, Sorvari J, Kolehmainen M, Lappalainen V, Pasanen P. Control of Dust Dispersion From an Enclosed Renovation Site Into Adjacent Areas by Using Local Exhaust Ventilation. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 63:468-479. [PMID: 30877765 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In real-world applications, implementation of an enclosure and negative pressurization is not always adequate to prevent the dispersion of dust from renovation sites. This study aimed to quantify the effect of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) in controlling the dust concentration within an enclosed renovation site to reduce the dust dispersion into adjacent areas. METHODS The concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust were measured in 16 cases during renovation projects. Filter samples and time-resolved dust concentration data were collected simultaneously from the renovation site and adjacent areas to assess the efficacy of LEV in limiting the dust dispersion. RESULTS The dispersion of dust outside of the enclosed renovation sites was limited significantly with using LEV. The estimated dust removal efficiency of LEV was 79% for inhalable dust concentration in the renovation site and 62% in the adjacent area. The use of LEV reduced the concentration of respirable dust by 33‒90% in the adjacent area and 80-87% within the renovation site. CONCLUSIONS Using LEV was found to play a substantial role in dust containment, particularly when the enclosure failed to maintain the negative pressure. The study provides data-driven recommendations that are of practical importance as they promote healthier workplaces and policy improvements. In conclusion, dust dispersion into adjacent areas is prevented with an airtight enclosure (including airlocks) and continuous negative pressure. Dust containment was also obtained by having target dust concentration at the enclosed renovation site to below 4 mg m-3 for inhalable dust and below 1 mg m-3 for respirable dust, even though the enclosures not being continuously under negative pressure. The suggested target concentrations are achievable by using on-tool LEV during the most dust-producing tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Jouni Sorvari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kolehmainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vuokko Lappalainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pertti Pasanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Järvelä M, Huvinen M, Viitanen AK, Kanerva T, Vanhala E, Uitti J, Koivisto AJ, Junttila S, Luukkonen R, Tuomi T. Characterization of particle exposure in ferrochromium and stainless steel production. J Occup Environ Hyg 2016; 13:558-568. [PMID: 26950803 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1159687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study describes workers' exposure to fine and ultrafine particles in the production chain of ferrochromium and stainless steel during sintering, ferrochromium smelting, stainless steel melting, and hot and cold rolling operations. Workers' personal exposure to inhalable dust was assessed using IOM sampler with a cellulose acetate filter (AAWP, diameter 25 mm; Millipore, Bedford, MA). Filter sampling methods were used to measure particle mass concentrations in fixed locations. Particle number concentrations and size distributions were examined using an SMPS+C sequential mobile particle sizer and counter (series 5.400, Grimm Aerosol Technik, Ainring, Germany), and a hand-held condensation particle counter (CPC, model 3007, TSI Incorporated, MN). The structure and elemental composition of particles were analyzed using TEM-EDXA (TEM: JEM-1220, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan; EDXA: Noran System Six, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Madison,WI). Workers' personal exposure to inhalable dust averaged 1.87, 1.40, 2.34, 0.30, and 0.17 mg m(-3) in sintering plant, ferrochromium smelter, stainless steel melting shop, hot rolling mill, and the cold rolling mill, respectively. Particle number concentrations measured using SMPS+C varied from 58 × 10(3) to 662 × 10(3) cm(-3) in the production areas, whereas concentrations measured using SMPS+C and CPC3007 in control rooms ranged from 24 × 10(3) to 243 × 10(3) cm(-3) and 5.1 × 10(3) to 97 × 10(3) cm(-3), respectively. The elemental composition and the structure of particles in different production phases varied. In the cold-rolling mill non-process particles were abundant. In other sites, chromium and iron originating from ore and recycled steel scrap were the most common elements in the particles studied. Particle mass concentrations were at the same level as that reported earlier. However, particle number measurements showed a high amount of ultrafine particles, especially in sintering, alloy smelting and melting, and tapping operations. Particle number concentration and size distribution measurements provide important information regarding exposure to ultrafine particles, which cannot be seen in particle mass measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merja Järvelä
- a Aerosols, Dusts and Metals, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Anna-Kaisa Viitanen
- c Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Tampere , Finland
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- c Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Tampere , Finland
| | - Esa Vanhala
- a Aerosols, Dusts and Metals, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jukka Uitti
- d Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Tampere , Finland
| | - Antti J Koivisto
- c Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Tampere , Finland
| | | | - Ritva Luukkonen
- f Statistical Services, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Timo Tuomi
- a Aerosols, Dusts and Metals, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao J, Ohlmeier S, Nieminen P, Toljamo T, Tiitinen S, Kanerva T, Bingle L, Araujo B, Rönty M, Höyhtyä M, Bingle CD, Mazur W, Pulkkinen V. Elevated sputum BPIFB1 levels in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a longitudinal study. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L17-26. [PMID: 25979078 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00082.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study involving a proteomic screen of induced sputum from smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrated elevated levels of bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing protein B1 (BPIFB1). The aim of the present study was to further evaluate the association of sputum BPIFB1 levels with smoking and longitudinal changes in lung function in smokers with COPD. Sputum BPIFB1 was characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The expression of BPIFB1 in COPD was investigated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using sputum and lung tissue samples. BPIFB1 levels were also assessed in induced sputum from nonsmokers (n = 31), smokers (n = 169), and patients with COPD (n = 52) via an ELISA-based method. The longitudinal changes in lung function during the 4-year follow-up period were compared with the baseline sputum BPIFB1 levels. In lung tissue samples, BPIFB1 was localized to regions of goblet cell metaplasia. Secreted and glycosylated BPIFB1 was significantly elevated in the sputum of patients with COPD compared with that of smokers and nonsmokers. Sputum BPIFB1 levels correlated with pack-years and lung function as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted and FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) at baseline and after the 4-year follow-up in all participants. The changes in lung function over 4 years were significantly associated with BPIFB1 levels in current smokers with COPD. In conclusion, higher sputum concentrations of BPIFB1 were associated with changes of lung function over time, especially in current smokers with COPD. BPIFB1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-related lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Ohlmeier
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Nieminen
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Toljamo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | | | - T Kanerva
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Bingle
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; and
| | - B Araujo
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; and
| | - M Rönty
- HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Höyhtyä
- Medix Biochemica, Kauniainen, Finland
| | - C D Bingle
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; and
| | - W Mazur
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Pulkkinen
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pynttari VJ, Makinen RM, Palukuru VK, Ostman K, Sillanpaa HP, Kanerva T, Lepisto T, Hagberg J, Jantunen H. Application of Wide-Band Material Characterization Methods to Printable Electronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1109/tepm.2010.2051809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Kotiaho A, Lahtinen R, Efimov A, Lehtivuori H, Tkachenko NV, Kanerva T, Lemmetyinen H. Synthesis and time-resolved fluorescence study of porphyrin-functionalized gold nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Kröger V, Kanerva T, Lassi U, Rahkamaa-Tolonen K, Vippola M, Keiski RL. Characterization of phosphorus poisoning on diesel exhaust gas catalyst components containing oxide and Pt. Top Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-007-0257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Kanerva T, Kröger V, Rahkamaa-Tolonen K, Vippola M, Lepistö T, Keiski RL. Structural changes in air aged and poisoned diesel catalysts. Top Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-007-0254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Keskitalo M, Kanerva T, Pehu E. Development of in vitro procedures for regeneration of petiole and leaf expiants and production of protoplast-derived callus in Tanacetum vulgare L. (Tansy). Plant Cell Rep 1995; 14:261-266. [PMID: 24190308 DOI: 10.1007/bf00233646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/1993] [Revised: 05/20/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tanacetum vulgare (Tansy) was established in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with αnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) using shoot tips and embryos. From petiole expiants 93% formed callus, and 27% produced shoots on MS medium containing 4.5 mg l(-1) NAA and BAP. NAA alone induced root formation from leaf expiants. Up to 7 ×10(6) viable protoplasts were obtained by macerating 1 g of leaves in 0.5 % Macerozyme R-10, 1.0% Cellulase R10, and 1.0% Cellulysin. Cell division was observed 3-4 days after protoplast isolation at the optimum plating density of 0.2-0.4×10(6) cells ml(-1). A total of 350 protoplast-derived calluses were produced on which nodules with meristematic zones developed. Roots regenerated on MS medium supplemented with BAP 3.0 mg 1(-1), NAA 2.0 mg l(-1), and 250 mg l(-1) casein hydrolysate, however no shoots have been obtained yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Keskitalo
- Department of Plant Production, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|