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Lazar I, Knutsson A, Romero HP, Hektor J, Bushlya V, Mikkelsen A, Lenrick F. Diffusion Bonding 321-Grade Stainless Steel: Failure and Multimodal Characterization. Microsc Microanal 2024; 30:192-199. [PMID: 38525879 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Vacuum diffusion-bonded printed circuit heat exchangers are an attractive choice for the high-temperature, high-pressure demands of next-generation energy applications. However, early reports show that the high-temperature materials desired for these applications suffer from poor bond strengths due to precipitation at the bond line, preventing grain boundary migration. In this study, a diffusion bond of the high-temperature stainless steel grade 321H is investigated, and poor mechanical properties are found to be caused by Ti(C, N) precipitation at the bond line. Through in situ studies, it is found that Ti diffuses from the bulk to the mating surfaces at high temperatures. The Ti subsequently precipitates and, for the first time, an interaction between Ti(C, N) and Al/Mg-oxide precipitates at the bond line is observed, where Ti(C, N) nucleates on the oxides forming a core-shell structure. The results indicate that small amounts of particular alloying elements can greatly impact diffusion bond quality, prompting further research into the microstructural evolution that occurs during bonding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isac Lazar
- Department of Physics, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Axel Knutsson
- Materials Technology & Chemistry, Alfa Laval, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Hektor
- Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Technology and Society, Malmö University, 21119 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Volodymyr Bushlya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Mikkelsen
- Department of Physics, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Filip Lenrick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Łastowska O, Starosta R, Jabłońska M, Kubit A. Exploring the Potential Application of an Innovative Post-Weld Finishing Method in Butt-Welded Joints of Stainless Steels and Aluminum Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1780. [PMID: 38673137 PMCID: PMC11051480 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The prerequisite of the weld bead finishing is intricately linked to the quality of the welded joint. It constitutes the final, yet pivotal, stage in its formation, significantly influencing the reliability of structural components and machines. This article delineates an innovative post-weld surface finishing method, distinguished by the movement of a specialized cutting tool along a butt weld. This method stands out due to its singular approach to machining allowance, wherein the weld bead height is considered and eradicated in a single pass of the cutting tool. Test samples were made of AISI 304L, AISI 316L stainless steels and EN AW-5058 H321, EN AW-7075 T651 aluminum alloys butt-welded with TIG methods. Following the welding process, the weld bead was finished in accordance with the innovative method to flush the bead and the base metal's surface. For the quality control of welded joints before and after the weld finishing, two non-destructive testing methods were chosen: Penetrant Testing (PT) and Radiographic Testing (RT). This article provides results from the examination of 2D profile parameters and 3D stereometric characteristics of surface roughness using the optical method. Additionally, metallographic results are presented to assess changes in the microstructure, the microhardness, and the degree of hardening within the surface layer induced by the application of the innovative post-weld finishing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Łastowska
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska St., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Robert Starosta
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska St., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Monika Jabłońska
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Polish Naval Academy, 69 Jana Smidowicza Str., 81-127 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Kubit
- Department of Manufacturing and Production Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powst. Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
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3
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Pokhrel D, Thames HT, Fugate H, Dinh T, Schilling W, White S, Ramachandran R, Sukumaran AT, Zhang L. Increase in temperature facilitates Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation under both aerobic and microaerobic incubation. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103753. [PMID: 38652947 PMCID: PMC11063496 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of Campylobacter jeuni biofilms on processing surfaces is a significant concern in poultry processing, contributing to food safety risks. This study focused on assessing the biofilm forming capabilities of 12 field isolates of C. jejuni of different aerotolerance categories on stainless steel surfaces, a prevalent material in poultry processing environments. Working cultures of each isolate were prepared to approximately 6 log CFU/mL and incubated on stainless steel coupons under microaerobic or aerobic conditions at room temperature or 42°C for 72 h. Biofilm attached cells were enumerated using direct plating and biofilm density was measured using a crystal violet assay by measuring the optical density (OD600) a. Data analysis was conducted using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4 with a significance level of 0.05. The study revealed a notable interaction between aerotolerance categories and temperature (P < 0.039) impacting the number of biofilms attached C. jejuni cells on stainless steel coupons. All isolates had significantly higher counts when incubated at 42°C compared to room temperature, regardless of oxygen level (P < 0.001). Furthermore, stronger biofilm density was observed at 42°C compared to room temperature, regardless of oxygen level. These findings underscore the influence of temperature on the biofilm forming ability of C. jejuni. The ability of these field isolates to form biofilms under various environmental conditions suggests a heightened potential for surface colonization and increased infection risk in poultry processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Pokhrel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Hudson T Thames
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Hailey Fugate
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Thu Dinh
- Tyson Foods, Springdale, Arkansas, USA
| | - Wes Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Shecoya White
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA.
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Baruwa AO, Chasqueira F, Arantes-Oliveira S, Caramês J, Marques D, Portugal J, Martins JNR. Comparative Analysis of Endodontic ISO Size 06, 08, and 10 Stainless Steel K-Files Used for Glide Path Procedures. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:98. [PMID: 38668010 PMCID: PMC11048936 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small-sized stainless steel hand files are conventionally employed in root canal treatment procedures for canal scouting and for glide path establishment, owing to their superior flexibility and proficiency in navigating confined spaces. Given the diversity of brands available in the market, there exists potential variability in their physical characteristics, thereby influencing clinical performance. Consequently, this study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the design, metallurgy, and mechanical characteristics among seven stainless steel hand file brands across ISO sizes 06, 08, and 10. A total of 315 new 25 mm length stainless steel hand files with apical sizes of 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 from seven distinct brands were included in the study. A meticulous inspection of all instruments was undertaken to identify any structural deformations that might render them ineligible for the study. The design inspection involved the random selection of instruments from each group, which were examined under various microscopes, including a dental operating microscope, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, two instruments from each group underwent energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis for elemental composition documentation. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the instruments' resistance to lateral deformation (buckling) and their microhardness. Statistical analysis was executed using the nonparametric Mood's median test, with a predetermined significance level of 0.05. Regarding the instruments design, all files exhibited an active blade length ranging from 16 to 17 mm. However, variations were observed in the number of spirals, tip designs, and sizes, with the API K-File notably larger in sizes 0.06 and 0.08 compared to the other instruments. Despite uniform elements composition, differences in geometric features and mechanical properties were evident. Concerning buckling strength, the API K-File demonstrated superior performance across all tested sizes, while the Dentsply ReadySteel, SybronEndo, and Mani K-Files exhibited lower results (p < 0.05). In microhardness assessments, both the API and Oro K-Files displayed the lowest outcomes, with medians of 531 HVN and 532 HVN, respectively, whereas the SybronEndo K-File exhibited the highest microhardness (657 HVN). Despite similar metallurgical composition, the observed distinctions in geometric features and mechanical properties underscore the impact of the manufacturing process on the characteristics of glide path stainless steel endodontic files. These disparities may ultimately influence their clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Omokeji Baruwa
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.O.B.); (S.A.-O.); (J.C.); (D.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Filipa Chasqueira
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Sofia Arantes-Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.O.B.); (S.A.-O.); (J.C.); (D.M.); (J.P.)
- Grupo de Investigação em Materiais Dentários (BIOMAT), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04559/2020), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Caramês
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.O.B.); (S.A.-O.); (J.C.); (D.M.); (J.P.)
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04559/2020), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.O.B.); (S.A.-O.); (J.C.); (D.M.); (J.P.)
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04559/2020), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral (GIBBO), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jaime Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.O.B.); (S.A.-O.); (J.C.); (D.M.); (J.P.)
- Grupo de Investigação em Materiais Dentários (BIOMAT), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge N. R. Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.O.B.); (S.A.-O.); (J.C.); (D.M.); (J.P.)
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04559/2020), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral (GIBBO), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
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Rossi S, Leso SM, Calovi M. Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel in Food Industry. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1617. [PMID: 38612130 PMCID: PMC11012613 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AISI 304L stainless steel is widely used in the processing equipment and food and beverage handling industries due to its corrosion resistance, hygienic properties, and cost-effectiveness. However, it is prone to pitting and crevice corrosion phenomena, the development of which can be influenced by factors such as chloride concentration, temperature, humidity, and bacterial presence. Surface treatments, including roughness levels and residual tensile stress, can significantly affect the corrosion behavior and resistance of the material. This study aims to evaluate the impact of three different surface treatments on the durability of AISI 304L steel. The correlation between surface roughness resulting from pre-treatment and pitting potential values will be examined. Additionally, the influence of different concentrations of biocide additives on surface durability will be assessed to determine the maximum effective concentration for preventing pitting phenomena. Passivation processes will also be evaluated as a potential solution for improving the pitting potential and overall durability of the components. By optimizing surface treatments and biocide concentrations, improved corrosion resistance and durability can be achieved, ensuring the long-term performance and reliability of AISI 304L steel components in critical applications such as food processing and beverage handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.M.L.); (M.C.)
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6
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Omiyale BO, Ogedengbe II, Olugbade TO, Farayibi PK. Corrosion Performance of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Stainless Steel: A Brief Critical Assessment. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2024; 11:e572-e585. [PMID: 38689915 PMCID: PMC11057549 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the products fabricated from wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) processes, it is very important to implement a critical assessment of the corrosion performance of additively manufactured stainless steel (SS) for the application of additive manufacturing parts widely used in industries. The common defects in metal additive manufacturing, which include porosity, poor surface finish, oxidation, environmental factor, residual stress, and microstructural defects, are known to significantly influence the corrosion behavior of WAAM-processed SS components prepared to be used under different corrosive and marine environments. This article reviews the recently published works on WAAM-processed SS and provides a critical overview method to improve the corrosion performance of SS components built with the WAAM processes. It also documents some significant factors that determine the corrosion resistance of WAAM-processed SS and identifies key areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Olamide Omiyale
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering and Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Temitope Olumide Olugbade
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering and Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Peter Kayode Farayibi
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering and Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Morshed-Behbahani K, Farhat Z, Nasiri A. Effect of Surface Nanocrystallization on Wear Behavior of Steels: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1618. [PMID: 38612132 PMCID: PMC11012928 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Ferrous alloys, particularly steels, form a specialized class of metallic materials extensively employed in industrial sectors to combat deterioration and failures caused by wear. Despite their commendable mechanical properties, steels are not immune to wear-induced degradation. In this context, surface nanocrystallization (SNC) technologies have carved a distinct niche for themselves by enabling the nanostructuring of the surface layer (with grain sizes < 100 nm). This process enhances overall mechanical properties to a level desirable for wear resistance while preserving the chemical composition. Existing literature has consistently highlighted the efficacy of various SNC methods in improving the wear resistance of ferrous alloys, positioning SNC as a promising tool to extend materials' service life in practical applications. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the SNC techniques employed in surface treatment of ferrous alloys and their impact on wear behavior. We delved into the underlying mechanisms governing wear in SNC-treated Fe-based alloys and concluded with a discussion on current challenges and future perspectives in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Morshed-Behbahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | | | - Ali Nasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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Björkstrand R, Akmal J, Salmi M. Metal Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Process Development Using Optical Tomography. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1461. [PMID: 38611976 PMCID: PMC11012340 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a set of 316 L stainless steel test specimens was additively manufactured by laser-based Powder Bed Fusion. The process parameters were varied for each specimen in terms of laser scan speed and laser power. The objective was to use a narrow band of parameters well inside the process window, demonstrating detailed parameter engineering for specialized additive manufacturing cases. The process variation was monitored using Optical Tomography to capture light emissions from the layer surfaces. Process emission values were stored in a statistical form. Micrographs were prepared and analyzed for defects using optical microscopy and image manipulation. The results of two data sources were compared to find correlations between lack of fusion, porosity, and layer-based energy emissions. A data comparison of Optical Tomography data and micrograph analyses shows that Optical Tomography can partially be used independently to develop new process parameters. The data show that the number of critical defects increases when the average Optical Tomography grey value passes a certain threshold. This finding can contribute to accelerating manufacturing parameter development and help meet the industrial need for agile component-specific parameter development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Björkstrand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (J.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Jan Akmal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (J.A.); (M.S.)
- EOS Metal Materials, Electro Optical Systems Finland Oy, Lemminkäisenkatu 36, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Salmi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; (J.A.); (M.S.)
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Goudot S, Mathieu L, Herbelin P, Soreau S, Jorand FPA. Growth dynamic of biofilm-associated Naegleria fowleri in freshwater on various materials. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369665. [PMID: 38511008 PMCID: PMC10951111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In industrial water systems, the occurrence of biofilm-associated pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) such as Naegleria fowleri is a potential hygienic problem, and factors associated with its occurrence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of four cooling circuit materials on the growth of N. fowleri in a freshwater biofilm formed at 42°C and under a hydrodynamic shear rate of 17 s-1 (laminar flow): polyvinyl chloride, stainless steel, brass, and titanium. Colonization of the freshwater biofilms by N. fowleri was found to be effective on polyvinyl chloride, stainless steel, and titanium. For these three materials, the ratio of (bacterial prey)/(amoeba) was found to control the growth of N. fowleri. All materials taken together, a maximum specific growth rate of 0.18 ± 0.07 h-1 was associated with a generation time of ~4 h. In contrast, no significant colonization of N. fowleri was found on brass. Therefore, the contribution of copper is strongly suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Goudot
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, Nancy, France
| | | | - Pascaline Herbelin
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
| | - Sylvie Soreau
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
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Zhu Z, Zhang H, Bai Y, Liu P, Yuan H, Wang J, Cao F. Crevice Corrosion Behavior of 201 Stainless Steel in NaCl Solutions with Different pH Values by In Situ Monitoring. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1158. [PMID: 38473628 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Crevice corrosion (CC) behavior of 201 stainless steel (SS) in 1 M NaCl + x M HCl/y M NaOH solutions with various pH was investigated using SECM and optical microscopic observations. Results show that the CC was initiated by the decrease in pH value within the crevice. The pH value near the crevice mouth falls rapidly to 1.38 in the first 2 h in the strongly acidic solution, while the pH value was observed to rise firstly and then decrease in the neutral and alkaline solutions. It indicates there is no incubation phase in the CC evolution of 201-SS in a pH = 2.00 solution, while an incubation phase was observed in pH = 7.00 and 11.00 solutions. Additionally, there appeared to be a radial pH variation within the gap over time. The pH value is the lowest at the gap mouth, which is in line with the in situ optical observation result that the severely corroded region is at the mouth of the gap. The decrease in pH value inside results in the negative shift of open circuit potential (OCP) and the initiation of CC of 201-SS. The increased anodic dissolution rate in the acidic solution accelerates the breakdown of passive film inside, reducing the initiation time and stimulating the spread of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejie Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yihan Bai
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Frontier Research Initiative, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Haoran Yuan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiangying Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fahe Cao
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Samide A, Iacobescu GE, Tutunaru B, Tigae C, Spînu CI, Oprea B. New Inhibitor Based on Hydrolyzed Keratin Peptides for Stainless Steel Corrosion in Physiological Serum: An Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:669. [PMID: 38475351 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing the impact of some biological fluids on bioimplants involves the control of surface characteristics by modeling the interface architecture and assembling ecofriendly thin films to retard corrosion. Therefore, a mixture of hydrolyzed keratin peptides (HKER) was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for 304L stainless steel (SS) in physiological serum (PS), using electrochemical measurements associated with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The tests, performed for various concentrations of the inhibitor at different temperatures, showed that the inhibition efficiency (IE) decreased with a rise in temperature and proportionally increased with the HKER concentration, reaching its maximum level, around 88%, at 25 °C, with a concentration of 40 g L-1 HKER in physiological serum. The experimental data best fitted the El-Awady adsorption model. The activation parameters (Ea, ∆Ha and ∆Sa) and the adsorption ones (∆Gads0, ∆Hads, ∆Sads) have highlighted a mixed action mechanism of HKER, revealing that physisorption prevails over chemisorption. AFM parameters, such as the average roughness (Ra), root-mean-square roughness (Rq) and maximum peak-to-valley height (Rp-v), confirmed HKER adsorption, indicating that a smoother surface of the 304L stainless steel was obtained when immersed in a PS-containing inhibitor, compared to the surface designed in blank solution, due to the development of a protective layer on the alloy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Samide
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 107i Calea Bucuresti, 200478 Craiova, Romania
| | - Gabriela Eugenia Iacobescu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 13 A. I. Cuza, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Tutunaru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 107i Calea Bucuresti, 200478 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristian Tigae
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 107i Calea Bucuresti, 200478 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cezar Ionuţ Spînu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 107i Calea Bucuresti, 200478 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Oprea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares, 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Zaffora A, Megna B, Seminara B, Di Franco F, Santamaria M. Ni,Fe,Co-LDH Coated Porous Transport Layers for Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolyzers. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:407. [PMID: 38470738 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Next-generation alkaline water electrolyzers will be based on zero-gap configuration to further reduce costs related to technology and to improve performance. Here, anodic porous transport layers (PTLs) for zero-gap alkaline electrolysis are prepared through a facile one-step electrodeposition of Ni,Fe,Co-based layered double hydroxides (LDH) on 304 stainless steel (SS) meshes. Electrodeposited LDH structures are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirming the formation of high surface area catalytic layers. Finally, bi and trimetallic LDH-based PTLs are tested as electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH solution. The best electrodes are based on FeCo LDH, reaching 10 mA cm-2 with an overpotential value of 300 mV. These PTLs are also tested with a chronopotentiometric measurement carried out for 100 h at 50 mA cm-2, showing outstanding durability without signs of electrocatalytic activity degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zaffora
- Department of Engineering, Palermo University, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Megna
- Department of Engineering, Palermo University, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Seminara
- Department of Engineering, Palermo University, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Zuo Y, Mastronardi V, Gamberini A, Zappia MI, Le THH, Prato M, Dante S, Bellani S, Manna L. Stainless Steel Activation for Efficient Alkaline Oxygen Evolution in Advanced Electrolyzers. Adv Mater 2024:e2312071. [PMID: 38377368 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Designing robust and cost-effective electrocatalysts for efficient alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance in the field of water electrolysis. In this study, an electrochemical strategy to activate stainless steel (SS) electrodes for efficient OER is introduced. By cycling the SS electrode within a potential window that encompasses the Fe(II)↔Fe(III) process, its OER activity can be enhanced to a great extent compared to using a potential window that excludes this redox reaction, decreasing the overpotential at current density of 100 mA cm-2 by 40 mV. Electrochemical characterization, Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectroscopy, and operando Raman measurements demonstrate that the Fe leaching at the SS surface can be accelerated through a Fe → γ-Fe2 O3 → Fe3 O4 or FeO → Fe2+ (aq.) conversion process, leading to the sustained exposure of Cr and Ni species. While Cr leaching occurs during its oxidation process, Ni species display higher resistance to leaching and gradually accumulate on the SS surface in the form of OER-active Fe-incorporated NiOOH species. Furthermore, a potential-pulse strategy is also introduced to regenerate the OER-activity of 316-type SS for stable OER, both in the three-electrode configuration (without performance decay after 300 h at 350 mA cm-2 ) and in an alkaline water electrolyzer (≈30 mV cell voltage increase after accelerated stress test-AST). The AST-stabilized cell can still reach 1000 and 4000 mA cm-2 at cell voltages of 1.69 and 2.1 V, which makes it competitive with state-of-the-art electrolyzers based on ion-exchange membrane using Ir-based anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zuo
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | | | - Agnese Gamberini
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca, 30R, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Marilena I Zappia
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca, 30R, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Thi-Hong-Hanh Le
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genova, 16146, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca, 30R, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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Idriss H, Kutová A, Rimpelová S, Elashnikov R, Kolská Z, Lyutakov O, Švorčík V, Slepičková Kasálková N, Slepička P. Polymer-Metal Bilayer with Alkoxy Groups for Antibacterial Improvement. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:508. [PMID: 38399886 PMCID: PMC10892951 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many bio-applicable materials, medical devices, and prosthetics combine both polymer and metal components to benefit from their complementary properties. This goal is normally achieved by their mechanical bonding or casting only. Here, we report an alternative easy method for the chemical grafting of a polymer on the surfaces of a metal or metal alloys using alkoxy amine salt as a coupling agent. The surface morphology of the created composites was studied by various microscopy methods, and their surface area and porosity were determined by adsorption/desorption nitrogen isotherms. The surface chemical composition was also examined by various spectroscopy techniques and electrokinetic analysis. The distribution of elements on the surface was determined, and the successful bonding of the metal/alloys on one side with the polymer on the other by alkoxy amine was confirmed. The composites show significantly increased hydrophilicity, reliable chemical stability of the bonding, even interaction with solvent for thirty cycles, and up to 95% less bacterial adhesion for the modified samples in comparison with pristine samples, i.e., characteristics that are promising for their application in the biomedical field, such as for implants, prosthetics, etc. All this uses universal, two-step procedures with minimal use of energy and the possibility of production on a mass scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Idriss
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kutová
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Elashnikov
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Kolská
- Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkyně University, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Slepičková Kasálková
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Brás A, Braz M, Martinho I, Duarte J, Pereira C, Almeida A. Effect of Bacteriophages against Biofilms of Escherichia coli on Food Processing Surfaces. Microorganisms 2024; 12:366. [PMID: 38399770 PMCID: PMC10892694 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial adhesion to food processing surfaces is a threat to human health, as these surfaces can serve as reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli is an easily biofilm-forming bacterium involved in surface contamination that can lead to the cross-contamination of food. Despite the application of disinfection protocols, contamination through food processing surfaces continues to occur. Hence, new, effective, and sustainable alternative approaches are needed. Bacteriophages (or simply phages), viruses that only infect bacteria, have proven to be effective in reducing biofilms. Here, phage phT4A was applied to prevent and reduce E. coli biofilm on plastic and stainless steel surfaces at 25 °C. The biofilm formation capacity of phage-resistant and sensitive bacteria, after treatment, was also evaluated. The inactivation effectiveness of phage phT4A was surface-dependent, showing higher inactivation on plastic surfaces. Maximum reductions in E. coli biofilm of 5.5 and 4.0 log colony-forming units (CFU)/cm2 after 6 h of incubation on plastic and stainless steel, respectively, were observed. In the prevention assays, phage prevented biofilm formation in 3.2 log CFU/cm2 after 12 h. Although the emergence of phage-resistant bacteria has been observed during phage treatment, phage-resistant bacteria had a lower biofilm formation capacity compared to phage-sensitive bacteria. Overall, the results suggest that phages may have applicability as surface disinfectants against pathogenic bacteria, but further studies are needed to validate these findings using phT4A under different environmental conditions and on different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology, CESAM, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.B.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology, CESAM, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.B.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.)
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Singh HP, Kataria P, Shukla R, Peswani KC, Kharkar V, Gaikwad SS, Makkad RS. Evaluation of Surface Changes of Stainless Steel Miniplates and Screws Following Retrieval from Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery Patients: A Comparative Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S835-S837. [PMID: 38595370 PMCID: PMC11000920 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1049_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines the surface changes of stainless steel miniplates and screws after their retrieval from patients who underwent maxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery. The assessment focuses on comparing the alterations in these materials, aiming to contribute to our understanding of their durability and performance in clinical settings. Materials and Methods A total of 60 stainless steel miniplates and screws were collected from 30 patients who had previously undergone either maxillofacial trauma or orthognathic surgery. The retrieved miniplates and screws were carefully removed from the patients and cleaned to remove any organic debris. Each specimen was then examined for surface changes. Surface changes were evaluated using visual inspection, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and roughness measurements. Visual inspection provided a qualitative assessment, while SEM allowed for a more detailed examination of the surfaces. Roughness measurements were conducted using a profilometer. Results Visual inspection revealed varying degrees of surface changes in the retrieved miniplates and screws. These changes included scratches, corrosion, and discoloration. SEM analysis confirmed the presence of surface alterations, with some specimens showing more significant damage, such as pitting and cracks. Roughness measurements indicated an increase in surface roughness for both miniplates and screws, suggesting that the surfaces had become less smooth. Conclusion This comparative study of stainless steel miniplates and screws retrieved from maxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery patients demonstrated that these materials undergo surface changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu P. Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prerna Kataria
- Department of Periodontology, D J College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchira Shukla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Khushboo Chhabaria Peswani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, HT Hospital Cosmetic and Trauma Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Viraj Kharkar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shashank S. Gaikwad
- Department of Orthodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramanpal S. Makkad
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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17
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Alam MK, Alderaan RAI, Alruwaili SRF, Alanazi DSA. Comparing the Efficacy of Different Archwire Materials in Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S537-S539. [PMID: 38595400 PMCID: PMC11000903 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_851_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontic treatment is commonly used to correct misaligned teeth and improve dental aesthetics and function. Archwires play a crucial role in this treatment by exerting forces on teeth, prompting them to shift into desired positions. Materials and Methods For this experimental study, 60 participants requiring orthodontic treatment were selected and divided into three groups: Group A, treated with stainless steel archwires; Group B, treated with nickel-titanium archwires; and Group C, treated with beta-titanium archwires. Standardized orthodontic procedures were followed for all participants. The rate of tooth movement was measured over a period of 6 months using digital models and a calibrated measurement technique. Results The study revealed notable differences in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement among the three groups. Group B (nickel-titanium archwires) demonstrated the highest mean rate of tooth movement, with an average of 1.5 mm per month. Group A (stainless steel archwires) exhibited a mean rate of 1.2 mm per month, while Group C (beta-titanium archwires) showed the lowest mean rate at 0.9 mm per month. Conclusion In conclusion, this study highlights the varying efficacy of different archwire materials in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Nickel-titanium archwires exhibited the highest rate of tooth movement compared to stainless steel and beta-titanium archwires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K. Alam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Razan A. I. Alderaan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad R. F. Alruwaili
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana S. A. Alanazi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Javed MQ, Kovalchuk I, Yevtushenko D, Yang X, Stanford K. Relationship between Desiccation Tolerance and Biofilm Formation in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2024; 12:243. [PMID: 38399647 PMCID: PMC10891874 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major concern in the food industry and requires effective control measures to prevent foodborne illnesses. Previous studies have demonstrated increased difficulty in the control of biofilm-forming STEC. Desiccation, achieved through osmotic stress and water removal, has emerged as a potential antimicrobial hurdle. This study focused on 254 genetically diverse E. coli strains collected from cattle, carcass hides, hide-off carcasses, and processing equipment. Of these, 141 (55.51%) were STEC and 113 (44.48%) were generic E. coli. The biofilm-forming capabilities of these isolates were assessed, and their desiccation tolerance was investigated to understand the relationships between growth temperature, relative humidity (RH), and bacterial survival. Only 28% of the STEC isolates had the ability to form biofilms, compared to 60% of the generic E. coli. Stainless steel surfaces were exposed to different combinations of temperature (0 °C or 35 °C) and relative humidity (75% or 100%), and the bacterial attachment and survival rates were measured over 72 h and compared to controls. The results revealed that all the strains exposed to 75% relative humidity (RH) at any temperature had reduced growth (p < 0.001). In contrast, 35 °C and 100% RH supported bacterial proliferation, except for isolates forming the strongest biofilms. The ability of E. coli to form a biofilm did not impact growth reduction at 75% RH. Therefore, desiccation treatment at 75% RH at temperatures of 0 °C or 35 °C holds promise as a novel antimicrobial hurdle for the removal of biofilm-forming E. coli from challenging-to-clean surfaces and equipment within food processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim Javed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (M.Q.J.); (I.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (M.Q.J.); (I.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dmytro Yevtushenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (M.Q.J.); (I.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Xianqin Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1V7, Canada;
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (M.Q.J.); (I.K.); (D.Y.)
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Maslak M, Pancikiewicz K, Pazdanowski M, Stankiewicz M, Wozniczka P, Zajdel P. Quantification of the Post-Fire Strength Retention Factors for Selected Standard Duplex and Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Grades. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:371. [PMID: 38255538 PMCID: PMC10821181 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The experimental quantification of retention factors related to the post-fire strength as well as the post-fire ductility of intentionally selected stainless steel grades applied in construction is the objective of the research presented here. These steel grades are characterized by a two-phase austenitic-ferritic microstructure of the duplex type. In this context, two mutually corresponding chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel grades are subjected to analysis, namely X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 steel belonging to the standard duplex group (DSS 22% Cr) and X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 steel belonging to the lean duplex group (LDSS). The similarities and differences in the mechanical properties exhibited by these steel grades after effective cooling, following more or less prolonged simulated fire action conforming to several development scenarios, are identified and indicated. The resistance of a given steel grade to permanent structural changes induced by the heating program proved to be the critical factor determining these properties and resulting in many cases in increased susceptibility to brittle fracture. The results obtained experimentally seem to confirm the quantitative estimates of post-fire retention factors forecast by Molkens and his team, specified for the steels exhibiting a duplex-type structure and tested by us. However, several of these estimates might be considered somewhat risky. Nevertheless, our results do not confirm the significant post-fire strengthening of steel grades belonging to the LDSS group following prior heating at a sufficiently high temperature, as reported earlier by Huang Yuner and B. Young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Maslak
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.S.); (P.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Krzysztof Pancikiewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, The AGH University of Cracow, Pavilion A-2, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Michal Pazdanowski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.S.); (P.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Marek Stankiewicz
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.S.); (P.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piotr Wozniczka
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.S.); (P.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Paulina Zajdel
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.S.); (P.W.); (P.Z.)
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Park SJ, Lee K, Nam W, Kim K, Park B. Numerical Study on a Ductile Fracture Model in Pre-Cracked Tension Tests of SUS304L. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:276. [PMID: 38255444 PMCID: PMC10821089 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a ductile fracture model in accurately predicting fracture initiation has been demonstrated. In this study, we concentrate on applying the ductile fracture model to pre-cracked structures constructed from SUS304L stainless steel with experimental and numerical analyses. The Swift hardening law was employed to extend the plastic behavior beyond the onset of necking. Additionally, the Hosford-Coulomb model, integrated with a damaged framework, was utilized to predict ductile fracture behavior, particularly under non-proportional loading conditions. Tension tests were conducted on various specimens designed to illustrate various fracture modes resulting from geometric effects. Numerical analyses were conducted to explore the loading histories, utilizing an optimization process to calibrate fracture model parameters. The proposed fracture model is validated against pre-cracked structures detailed in a reference paper. The results convincingly demonstrate that the fracture model effectively predicts both fracture initiation and propagation in pre-cracked structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ju Park
- Department of Marine Mobility, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea;
- Open Grid Laboratory, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangsu Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Kookhyun Kim
- Department of Marine Mobility, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea;
- Open Grid Laboratory, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungjae Park
- Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea;
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21
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Pound BG. Pit initiation on biomedical alloys-A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35367. [PMID: 38247250 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical alloys, like many engineering alloys, have chemical or physical heterogeneities at the surface, and such heterogeneities can potentially act as sites for pit initiation. Alloys of particular interest are 316/316L (and 316LVM) stainless steel, nitinol, and CoCr alloys. This review focuses on the sites-generally inclusions-that have been associated with pitting in various studies of biomedical alloys in simulated physiological solutions. The effect of these sites is discussed in relation to factors such as type and size. For both 316/316L stainless steel and nitinol, pitting has been found to initiate at two different types of inclusions: sulfide and oxide inclusions in stainless steel, and carbide and oxide inclusions in nitinol. Sulfide inclusions tend to be the predominant sites for pitting on 316/316L stainless steel, while there is some evidence to suggest that carbide inclusions may be more effective than oxide inclusions for pitting on nitinol. CoCrMo alloys differ from the other two alloys in that, although particles can be present in the form of carbides, the carbides typically do not provide sites for pit initiation except possibly for alloys with a high-C content, certain heat treatments, and when anodically polarized to high potentials. CoNiCrMo differs further in that TiN inclusions can be present in the vicinity of pits and might be associated with them, but irrespective of the initiation site, any pits are unlikely to grow because of repassivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Pound
- Materials and Corrosion Engineering, Exponent, Menlo Park, California, USA
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22
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James K, Uppada UK, Bharadwaj B, Swayampakula H. Compositional and surface changes of retrieved stainless-steel hardware and its effects on surrounding soft tissues: A prospective study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2024; 15:75-81. [PMID: 38690243 PMCID: PMC11057596 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_11_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the surface, compositional, and histological changes in the overlying soft tissues of retrieved stainless-steel mini-plates and screws used for rigid internal fixation in the maxillofacial skeleton. Materials and Method A prospective study was conducted comprising 60 patients who sustained maxillofacial trauma and underwent ORIF in our unit previously and who required hardware retrieval in the post-operative phase. The retrieved hardware was evaluated for surface and compositional changes with the help of a scanning electron microscope for surface roughness and corrosion changes. Energy-dispersive X-ray study was done to know the composition and metal release from the hardware. The data obtained from these results were compared with a control unused and a sterile stainless-steel mini-plate and screw. The effects of the corrosion changes of this hardware on the adjacent soft tissues were evaluated histologically to assess the cellular changes of the soft tissue cover overlying the stainless-steel mini-plates and screws. Results A total of 96 stainless-steel mini-plates and 380 stainless-steel screws were retrieved from 60 patients. The control plate was smooth without any surface and corrosion defects, while the retrieved mini-plates irrespective of the reason for removal have shown surface roughness. Fe and Ni ions were found to be significantly reduced in the retrieved mini-plates. The presence of CrC in the retrieved plates indicates corrosion, which was seen only in hardware retrieved from symptomatic patients. The histological study revealed chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate with hyalinized connective tissue in all the samples irrespective of the reason for the removal of the plate. Conclusion Stainless-steel mini-plates and screws act as a potent foreign body material and initiate a localized inflammatory reaction due to its corrosive products with longer duration of stay. Hence, the authors advocate the overall shift in the use of stainless-steel hardware to titanium hardware for ORIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Uday Kiran Uppada
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - B Bharadwaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Balaji Dental College, Moinabad, Telangana, India
| | - Himaja Swayampakula
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sanga Reddy, Telangana, India
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Chu HY, Shiue RK, Cheng SY. The Effect of Homogenization Heat Treatment on 316L Stainless Steel Cast Billet. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:232. [PMID: 38204084 PMCID: PMC10779761 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This investigation aims to analyze the effect of homogenization heat treatment at 1240 °C for 2 and 6 h on the hardness, distribution, morphology, and chemical composition of the δ-ferrite and sigma phases in 316L stainless steel cast billet. A field emission scanning electron microscope, combined with electron back-scattered diffraction, a field emission electron probe microanalyzer with a wavelength dispersive spectrometer, and a Vickers microhardness tester are applied to identify various phase evolutions in the cast billet. The morphology of the δ-ferrite and sigma phases in the austenite matrix of the 316L cast billet are strongly related to the subsequent hot and cold wire drawings. The homogenization heat treatment is expected to provide a driving force to form spheroid interdendritic δ-ferrite and to minimize the amount of the brittle sigma intermetallic compound in the austenite matrix. The homogenization heat treatment at 1240 °C effectively spheroidized all δ-ferrites into blunt ones in the cast billet. The transformation of δ-ferrite into sigma is dominated by temperature and cooling rate. The fast air cooling after homogenization between 1240 and 850 °C retards the precipitation of the sigma in the δ-ferrite. There are two δ-ferrite transformation mechanisms in this experiment. The direct transformation of the δ-ferrite into sigma is observed in the as-cast 316L stainless steel billet. In contrast, the eutectoid transformation of the δ-ferrite into the sigma and austenite dominates the 316L cast billet homogenized at 1240 °C, with a slow furnace cooling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yang Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Ren-Kae Shiue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Yuan Cheng
- Stainless Steel Business Group, Walsin Lihwa Co., Tainan City 73743, Taiwan;
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24
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Yoo JS, Chung NT, Lee YH, Kim YW, Kim JG. Effect of Sulfide and Chloride Ions on Pitting Corrosion of Type 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Groundwater Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:178. [PMID: 38204031 PMCID: PMC10779458 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the corrosion resistance of Type 316 stainless steel as a candidate material for radioactive waste disposal canisters. The viability of stainless steel is examined under groundwater conditions with variations in pH, bisulfide ions (HS-), and chloride ions (Cl-) concentrations. Utilizing response surface methodology, correlations between corrosion factors and two crucial response variables, passive film breakdown potential and protection potential, are established. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests and advanced analytical techniques provide detailed insights into the material's behavior. This research goes beyond, deriving an equation through response surface methodology that elucidates the relationship between the factors and breakdown potential. HS- weakens the passive film and reduces the pitting corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. However, this study highlights the inhibitory effect of HS- on pitting corrosion when Cl- concentrations are below 0.001 M and at equivalent concentrations of HS-. Under these conditions, immediate re-passivation occurs from the destroyed passive film to metal sulfides such as FeS2, MoS2, and MoS3. As a result, no hysteresis loop occurs in the cyclic polarization curve in these conditions. This research contributes to the understanding of Type 316 stainless-steel corrosion behavior, offering implications for the disposal of radioactive waste in geological repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jung-Gu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon-Si 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.Y.); (N.T.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-W.K.)
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25
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Contreras-Fortes J, Rodríguez-García MI, Sales DL, Sánchez-Miranda R, Almagro JF, Turias I. A Machine Learning Approach for Modelling Cold-Rolling Curves for Various Stainless Steels. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:147. [PMID: 38204001 PMCID: PMC10779456 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Stainless steel is a cold-work-hardened material. The degree and mechanism of hardening depend on the grade and family of the steel. This characteristic has a direct effect on the mechanical behaviour of stainless steel when it is cold-formed. Since cold rolling is one of the most widespread processes for manufacturing flat stainless steel products, the prediction of their strain-hardening mechanical properties is of great importance to materials engineering. This work uses artificial neural networks (ANNs) to forecast the mechanical properties of the stainless steel as a function of the chemical composition and the applied cold thickness reduction. Multiple linear regression (MLR) is also used as a benchmark model. To achieve this, both traditional and new-generation austenitic, ferritic, and duplex stainless steel sheets are cold-rolled at a laboratory scale with different thickness reductions after the industrial intermediate annealing stage. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of the cold-rolled sheets are determined by tensile tests, and the experimental cold-rolling curves are drawn based on those results. A database is created from these curves to generate a model applying machine learning techniques to predict the values of the tensile strength (Rm), yield strength (Rp), hardness (H), and elongation (A) based on the chemical composition and the applied cold thickness reduction. These models can be used as supporting tools for designing and developing new stainless steel grades and/or adjusting cold-forming processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Contreras-Fortes
- Laboratory and Research Section, Technical Department Acerinox Europa S.A.U., 11379 Los Barrios, Spain; (R.S.-M.); (J.F.A.)
- Department of Materials Science Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad de Cádiz, INNANOMAT, IMEYMAT, Ramón Puyol Ave., 11202 Algeciras, Spain;
| | - M. Inmaculada Rodríguez-García
- MIS Group, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, University of Cádiz, Ramón Puyol Ave., 11202 Algeciras, Spain; (M.I.R.-G.); (I.T.)
| | - David L. Sales
- Department of Materials Science Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad de Cádiz, INNANOMAT, IMEYMAT, Ramón Puyol Ave., 11202 Algeciras, Spain;
| | - Rocío Sánchez-Miranda
- Laboratory and Research Section, Technical Department Acerinox Europa S.A.U., 11379 Los Barrios, Spain; (R.S.-M.); (J.F.A.)
| | - Juan F. Almagro
- Laboratory and Research Section, Technical Department Acerinox Europa S.A.U., 11379 Los Barrios, Spain; (R.S.-M.); (J.F.A.)
| | - Ignacio Turias
- MIS Group, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, University of Cádiz, Ramón Puyol Ave., 11202 Algeciras, Spain; (M.I.R.-G.); (I.T.)
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26
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Myronyuk O, Baklan D, Rodin AM. Owens-Wendt Method for Comparing the UV Stability of Spontaneous Liquid-Repellency with Wet Chemical Treatment of Laser-Textured Stainless Steel. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:584. [PMID: 38132523 PMCID: PMC10741767 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The liquid-repellent properties of AISI 304 stainless steel surfaces textured with a femtosecond laser were studied, both after spontaneous hydrophobization and when treated with stearic acid and octyltrimethoxysilane. Surface topography has been shown to play a critical role in determining these properties. Although textures containing only LIPSS exhibited poor liquid-repellency, the performance was significantly improved after engraving the microtexture. The most effective topography consisted of 45 µm-wide grooves with a pitch of 60 µm and protrusions covered with a rough microcrystalline structure. Liquid-repellency, chemical treatment efficiency, and UV resistance were compared using derived Owens-Wendt parameters. The surface of femtosecond-laser-textured steel after spontaneous hydrophobization was found to be significantly less stable under UV irradiation than surfaces treated with stearic acid or octyltrimethoxysilane modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksiy Myronyuk
- Department of Chemical Technology of Composite Materials, Chemical Technology Faculty, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Denys Baklan
- Department of Chemical Technology of Composite Materials, Chemical Technology Faculty, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Aleksej M. Rodin
- Solid State Laser Laboratory, Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Soni A, Winnier JJ, Haradwala Z, Kodical S, Joshi A, Shetty A. Efficacy of eutectic topical anesthesia in stainless steel crown procedures for primary molars: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023. [PMID: 37990606 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior literature highlights the importance of local anesthesia (LA) for stainless steel crown (SSC) preparation and placement. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of a eutectic mixture of local anesthesia (EMLA), a topical anesthesia, for this purpose remains unexplored. AIM The study evaluated the effectiveness of two EMLA application methods during SSC preparation and placement. DESIGN Eighty-four children between 4 and 8 years of age were randomly allocated to three intervention groups. Group A received EMLA applied supragingivally, Group B received a gingival retraction cord impregnated with EMLA (GRC_EMLA), and Group C (control) received LA. Pain was recorded using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFPS) and Children Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) at three time intervals. RESULTS Control had highest mean pain scores at the first time interval in both maxillary and mandibular arches, followed by Group B and Group A, with statistically significant p-values (p = .00, p < .05). After preparation and placement, all three groups had low mean pain scores, with no statistically significant differences. Group A had minimal pain scores at all three time intervals, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSION EMLA is a potent topical anesthetic and can be used as an alternative to LA for conventional SSC preparation and placement in primary molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Soni
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D Y Patil Deemed to be University - School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - J Jasmin Winnier
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D Y Patil Deemed to be University - School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zaineb Haradwala
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D Y Patil Deemed to be University - School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjana Kodical
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D Y Patil Deemed to be University - School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amil Joshi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D Y Patil Deemed to be University - School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashveeta Shetty
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D Y Patil Deemed to be University - School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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28
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Aiswareya G, Verma SK, Khan S, Owais M, Farooqi IH, Naseem S. Metal Release and Cytotoxicity of Different Orthodontic Bracket-Wire Combinations: An In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:469-476. [PMID: 38304537 PMCID: PMC10829279 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_65_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To quantify and compare the metal ions released from different bracket-wire combinations and to assess their cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods A total of 360 fabricated sectional fixed orthodontic appliances were divided into 6 groups. The first three groups consisted of stainless-steel brackets with stainless-steel, snickel-titanium (NiTi), and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) archwires, and the other three groups were fabricated using ceramic brackets (polycrystalline alumina) with stainless-steel, NiTi, and TMA archwires. These appliances were immersed in artificial saliva (pH 6.5 ± 0.5, 37°C), for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month. The nickel and chromium ions released in the artificial saliva were quantified using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer, and cytotoxicity assessment was performed using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on human cervical cancer cell line. Results The stainless-steel bracket groups displayed a significantly greater release of nickel and chromium ions compared to the ceramic bracket groups (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were identified when comparing the three archwire types within the stainless-steel/ceramic bracket groups. At the end of 1 month, the % cell viability demonstrated by the appliances was in the decreasing order of stainless-steel-TMA > ceramic-stainless steel > stainless-steel-NiTi > ceramic-NiTi > stainless-steel-stainless steel > ceramic-TMA. Conclusion Considerably greater release of nickel and chromium ions was observed from the appliances utilizing stainless-steel brackets compared to those employing ceramic brackets. However, no remarkable difference in the levels of nickel and chromium ions was observed when comparing the three archwires: stainless steel, NiTi, and TMA. In the cytotoxicity assessment, the ceramic-TMA combination displayed the highest level of cytotoxicity, while the stainless-steel-TMA combination displayed the least cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunaseelan Aiswareya
- Department of Orthodontics and Dental Anatomy, Dr. Z. A. Dental College, Aligarh, India
| | - Sanjeev K Verma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dental Anatomy, Dr. Z. A. Dental College, Aligarh, India
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dental Anatomy, Dr. Z. A. Dental College, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Department of Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Izharul H Farooqi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sufia Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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29
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Bernardy C, Malley J. Impacts of Surface Characteristics and Dew Point on the Blue-Light (BL 405) Inactivation of Viruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2638. [PMID: 38004651 PMCID: PMC10673487 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), healthcare associated infections (HAIs), and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused the photoinactivation industry to explore alternative wavelengths. Blue light (BL405) has gained significant interest as it is much less harmful to the skin and eyes than traditional germicidal wavelengths; therefore, in theory, it can be used continuously with human exposure. At present, the viricidal effects of BL405 are largely unknown as the literature predominately addresses bacterial disinfection performed with this wavelength. This work provides novel findings to the industry, reporting on the virucidal effects of BL405 on surfaces. This research utilizes three surfaces: ceramic, PTFE, and stainless steel. The efficacy of BL405 inactivation varied by surface type, which was due to surface characteristics, such as the contact angle, porosity, zeta potential, and reflectivity. Additionally, the effect of the dew point on BL405 inactivation efficacy was determined. This research is the first to study the effects of the dew point on the virucidal effectiveness of BL405 surface inactivation. The effects of the dew point were significant for all surfaces and the control experiments. The high-dew-point conditions (18 °C) yielded higher levels of BL405 inactivation and viral degradation for the experiments and controls, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Malley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
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30
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Xie Y. Tellurium Corrosion of Type 304/304L Stainless Steel, Iron, Chromium, and Nickel in High-Temperature Liquid Sodium. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6798. [PMID: 37895779 PMCID: PMC10608200 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Investigating tellurium (Te) corrosion on structural materials is crucial for sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) due to radionuclide presence and knowledge gaps. In this study, Type 304/304L stainless steel (SS304), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) samples were immersed in low-oxygen environments with Te in liquid sodium at 773 K for 30 days. At 10 ppm oxygen, SS304 showed multiple oxide layers, including a compact NaCrO2 interlayer and porous Na-Fe-Ni-O outer layers. Tellurium penetrated through the porous layers but was hindered by the NaCrO2 interlayer. At 0.01 ppm oxygen, Cr had no oxide layer, while Fe and Ni had unstable ones. Tellurium-induced pitting was deeper in Fe and Ni compared to Cr. Oxygen levels and Cr composition are critical factors affecting stable oxide compound layer formation and mitigating Te-induced pitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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31
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Bukovská Š, Moravec J, Švec M. Kinetics of Nickel Diffusion into Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304 and 316L and Calculation of Diffusion Coefficients. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6783. [PMID: 37895764 PMCID: PMC10607988 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion bonding has many advantages, but it also has its specifics. When creating heterogeneous joints, problems arise with the creation of intermetallic phases. For this reason, an interlayer is needed to prevent the creation of these unfavorable phases. It is important to ensure that the interlayer is of sufficient thickness to prevent the elements from diffusing through the entire interlayer and the intermetallic phases from being formed again. Conversely, too thick an interlayer causes an increase in the heterogeneity of the bond properties. The creation of the initial diffusion bonds in a heterogeneous diffusion joint of AISI 304 and AISI 316L steel with a 0.2 mm thick nickel interlayer was made in a Gleeble 3500. The experiments to determine the diffusion kinetics were carried out in a vacuum furnace, with subsequent evaluation by EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis. Subsequently, the diffusion coefficients of nickel into both steels were determined, and generalized equations were formulated to calculate the diffusion coefficients for temperatures in the range of 950 to 1150 °C and holding times in the range of 3600 to 18,000 s. Equations are also given to determine the width of the diffused zone between each steel and the Ni interlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Bukovská
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.Š.)
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Bürklein S, Arias A. Effectiveness of root canal instrumentation for the treatment of apical periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2023; 56 Suppl 3:395-421. [PMID: 35670625 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of endodontic instruments has rapidly advanced, but their impact on endodontic outcome parameters remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to answer the following PICOT questions: In patients with apical periodontitis (P) what is the effectiveness of root canal instrumentation ([Q1] performed with contemporary techniques [I] in comparison with 'traditional' techniques [C]] and ([Q2] performed with contemporary engine-driven NiTi instruments [I] compared with other types of contemporary engine-driven NiTi instruments [with different design and/or technology] [C]) in terms of clinical and patient-related outcomes (O)? METHODS After PROSPERO protocol registration, a literature search was conducted using Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Grey literature and major journal contents were examined. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and appraisal of included studies. A quantitative meta-analysis was considered, and statistical heterogeneity and overall quality of evidence were assessed. RESULTS Nine studies were identified showing substantial methodological differences. Five studies addressed PICOT 1 and three PICOT 2, whereas one study aimed both. A random-effects meta-analysis model was considered for the outcome 'radiographic evidence of normal periodontal ligament space or reduction of apical lesion size' (PICOT 1) based on three studies with 332 evaluable participants and showed that contemporary instrumentation was associated with a more favourable outcome (p = .005) compared with root canal preparation with stainless steel instruments (odds ratio = 2.07 [95%-confidence interval = 1.25-3.44]) with no evidence of statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) but low quality of evidence. DISCUSSION Albeit a few studies fulfilled eligible criteria, no study had a low risk of bias. Compelling evidence indicating significantly different outcome rates using different endodontic instruments when treating teeth with apical periodontitis is lacking. CONCLUSIONS In terms of healing, the results of the meta-analysis determined the higher effectiveness of root canal instrumentation performed with contemporary techniques in comparison with conventional stainless steel instruments in patients with apical periodontitis followed for a minimum of 1 year with low quality of evidence. No differences could be demonstrated between preparations with traditional stainless steel and contemporary NiTi instruments for other clinical and patient-related outcomes. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021274642).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Arias
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Gel’atko M, Hatala M, Botko F, Vandžura R, Hajnyš J, Šajgalík M, Török J. Stress Relieving Heat Treatment of 316L Stainless Steel Made by Additive Manufacturing Process. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6461. [PMID: 37834599 PMCID: PMC10573550 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Residual stress occurs in the materials after different methods of processing due to the application of pressure and/or thermal gradient. The occurrence of residual stresses can be observed in both subtractive and additive-manufactured (AM) materials and objects. However, pressure residual stresses are considered, in some cases, to have a positive effect; there are applications where the neutral stress state is required. As there is a lack of standards describing the heat treatment of AM materials, there is a need for experimental research in this field. The objective of this article is to determine the heat treatment thermal regime to achieve close to zero stress state in the subsurface layer of additively manufactured AM316L stainless steel. The presented objective leads to the long-term goal of neutral etalons for eddy current residual stress testing preparation. A semi-product intended for the experiment was prepared using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process and subsequently cut, using Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) technology, into experimental specimens, which were consequently heat-treated in combination with four temperatures and three holding times. Residual stresses were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructure variations were observed and examined. A combination of higher temperature and longer duration of heat treatment caused more significant stress relaxation, and the original stress state of the material influenced a degree of this relaxation. The microstructure formed of cellular grains changed slightly in the form of grain growth with randomly occurring unmolten powder particles, porosity, and inclusion precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Gel’atko
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, Technical University of Košice, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia; (M.G.)
| | - Michal Hatala
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, Technical University of Košice, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia; (M.G.)
| | - František Botko
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, Technical University of Košice, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia; (M.G.)
| | - Radoslav Vandžura
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, Technical University of Košice, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia; (M.G.)
| | - Jiří Hajnyš
- Center of 3D Printing Protolab, Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-TU Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šajgalík
- Department of Machining and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Török
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, Technical University of Košice, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia; (M.G.)
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Schell F, Chukwudi Okafor R, Steege T, Alamri S, Ghevariya S, Zwahr C, Lasagni AF. Increasing Heat Transfer from Metal Surfaces through Laser-Interference-Induced Microscopic Heat Sinks. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1730. [PMID: 37763893 PMCID: PMC10536493 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing processing power of micro-electronic components and increasing spatial limitations, ensuring sufficient heat dissipation has become a crucial task. This work presents a microscopic approach to increasing the surface area through periodic surface structures. Microstructures with a periodic distance of 8.5 µm are fabricated via Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) on stainless steel plates with a nanosecond-pulsed infrared laser and are characterized by their developed interfacial area ratio. The optimal structuring parameters for increasing the surface area were investigated, reaching peak-to-valley depths up to 12.8 µm and increasing surface area by up to 394%. Heat dissipation in a natural convection environment was estimated by measuring the output voltage of a Peltier element mounted between a hot plate and a textured sample. The resulting increase in output voltage compared to an unstructured sample was correlated to the structure depth and developed interfacial area ratio, finding a maximum increase of 51.4%. Moreover, it was shown that the output voltage correlated well with the structure depth and surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Schell
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Chukwudi Okafor
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Steege
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabri Alamri
- Fusion Bionic GmbH, Löbtauer Str. 69, 01159 Dresden, Germany
| | - Savan Ghevariya
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Zwahr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrés F Lasagni
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Georg-Bähr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Jadhav VV, Tiwari M, Kamble R, Shrivastav S, Thote A. Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Newly Designed Multiple Variability Loop and Opus Loop for Anterior en Masse Retraction in Orthodontics: A Finite Element Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44817. [PMID: 37809117 PMCID: PMC10559080 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Two different mechanisms are used to close the space after extractions, i.e., friction/sliding mechanics and frictionless/loop mechanics. The focus of this study is on space closure using frictionless or loop mechanics, which utilize loops to achieve the desired tooth movement. Loops are designed to increase the resiliency of the archwire so that the ideal moment-to-force ratio (M/F) of 8:1 to 10:1 for bodily tooth movement can be obtained. By incorporating various loop designs, the resiliency of archwires may be increased, and an ideal M/F ratio can be obtained. Method Different pre-activation bends were incorporated in the titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) wire at alpha (canine side) and beta (premolar side), respectively. A total of 36 finite element method (FEM) models were prepared with and without pre-activation bends to evaluate the moment-to-force ratio. Result The results obtained from the finite element method (FEM) analysis provided valuable insights into the force and moment generated during activation while retracting the tooth. Specifically, the alpha bend at 15 degrees and the beta bend at 20 degrees produced the most desirable results for generating moments on the anterior and posterior teeth, respectively. Conclusion To ensure the proper utilization of the multiple variability (MV) loop, we recommend its preparation using a 0.019 x 0.025-inch TMA wire. This selection will maximize the loop's capabilities and enhance its performance in achieving the desired tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant V Jadhav
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Insitute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Rajesh Ramdasji Kambe (RRK) Dental College and Hospital, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Akola, IND
| | - Ranjit Kamble
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Insitute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunita Shrivastav
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Insitute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND
| | - Abhishek Thote
- Mechanical Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology World Peace University (MIT-WPU), Pune, IND
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Arango-Piloneta EV, Plaza-Ruiz SP, León-Lara DF, Munera M, Bedoya-Henao B, Martínez-Gallego T. Stress distribution for mandibular extra-alveolar anchorage at different angles and force magnitudes: a finite element study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37647253 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2252549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in cortical and cancellous bones and within the screw when a stainless steel extra-alveolar screw (EA-S) is inserted into the retromolar region of the mandible using the finite element method (FEM). The stress values in the EA-S were highest at 60° with horizontal (shear) force and lowest at 90° with axial force. In the bones (cortical and cancellous), the stress value was greatest at 90° with horizontal force. Greater stability of the screw may be achieved by tilting it to the force when horizontal loads are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Arango-Piloneta
- Orthodontic Department, Fundación Universitaria CIEO-UniCIEO, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S P Plaza-Ruiz
- Orthodontic Department, Fundación Universitaria CIEO-UniCIEO, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D F León-Lara
- Engineering Department, Escuela Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Munera
- UWE Bristol - Frenchay Campus, University of West England, Bristol, UK
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Osada Y, Yanagishita T. Effects of anodization conditions of stainless steel on the formation of ordered nanoporous structures with high aspect ratios. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:465601. [PMID: 37567165 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acef2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The nanoporous structures obtained by the anodization of stainless steel are functional materials with various potential applications. It has been reported that nanoporous structures can be prepared by the anodization of stainless steel in an electrolyte containing fluoride ions. However, under the reported anodization conditions, the control range of the interpore distance of resulting nanoporous structures was narrow. To expand the application fields of the nanoporous structures obtained by the anodization of stainless steel, it is an important challenge to determine the anodization conditions that can control the interpore distance of nanoporous structures over a wide range. In this study, we investigated the effects of the electrolyte composition on the anodization behavior of stainless steel and the interpore distance of the resulting nanoporous structure. As a result, we found that the maximum voltage for the stable anodization of stainless steel increases when a mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerol containing NH4F is used as the electrolyte. Since the interpore distance of nanoporous structures obtained by the anodization of stainless steel is proportional to the anodization voltage, as the voltage range over which stainless steel can be anodized increased, the range of interpore distances of the nanoporous structures obtained also increased. On the basis of these results, ordered nanoporous structures with a large interpore distance (100 nm), which could not be obtained under the previously reported anodization conditions, were fabricated by the anodization of a stainless steel substrate with a depression pattern formed by Ar ion milling using an alumina mask under optimized anodization conditions. The resulting ordered nanoporous structures with controlled interpore distances are expected to be used in various devices such as capacitors and photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuga Osada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takashi Yanagishita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Conradi M, Podgornik B, Remškar M, Klobčar D, Kocijan A. Tribological Evaluation of Vegetable Oil/MoS 2 Nanotube-Based Lubrication of Laser-Textured Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5844. [PMID: 37687537 PMCID: PMC10488841 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the functionalisation of austenitic stainless steel, AISI 316L surfaces via nanosecond Nd:YAG laser texturing in order to modify the surface morphology with crosshatch and dimple patterns is presented. A tribological analysis under lubrication with sunflower and jojoba oil with and without the addition of a solid lubricant, MoS2 nanotubes, was performed. In conjunction with friction/wear response laser-textured surface wettability, oil spreadability and oil retention capacity were also analysed. It was shown that the crosshatch pattern generally exhibited lower friction than the dimple pattern, with the addition of MoS2 nanotubes not having any significant effect on the coefficient of friction under the investigated contact conditions. This was found in addition to the better oil spreadability and oil retention capacity results of the crosshatch-textured surface. Furthermore, texturing reduced the wear of the stainless-steel surfaces but led to an approximately one order of magnitude larger wear rate of the steel counter-body, primarily due to the presence of hard bulges around the textured patterns. Overall, the crosshatch pattern showed better oil retention capacity and lower friction in combination with different vegetable oils, thus making it a promising choice for improving tribological performance in various environmentally friendly applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjetka Conradi
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Lepi Pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Bojan Podgornik
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Lepi Pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Maja Remškar
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Damjan Klobčar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Aleksandra Kocijan
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Lepi Pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (A.K.)
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Guerrero-Vacas G, Rodríguez-Alabanda O, Martín-Fernández FDS, Martín-Sánchez MJ. Performance and Durability of Non-Stick Coatings Applied to Stainless Steel: Subtractive vs. Additive Manufacturing. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5851. [PMID: 37687545 PMCID: PMC10489068 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study compares subtractive manufacturing (SM) and additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in the production of stainless-steel parts with non-stick coatings. While subtractive manufacturing involves the machining of rolled products, additive manufacturing employs the FFF (fused filament fabrication) technique with metal filament and sintering. The applied non-stick coatings are commercially available and are manually sprayed with a spray gun, followed by a curing process. They are an FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene)-based coating and a sol-gel ceramic coating. Key properties such as surface roughness, water droplet sliding angle, adhesion to the substrate and wear resistance were examined using abrasive blasting techniques. In the additive manufacturing process, a higher roughness of the samples was detected. In terms of sliding angle, variations were observed in the FEP-based coatings and no variations were observed in the ceramic coatings, with a slight increase for FEP in AM. In terms of adhesion to the substrate, the ceramic coatings applied in the additive process showed a superior behavior to that of subtractive manufacturing. On the other hand, FEP coatings showed comparable results for both techniques. In the wear resistance test, ceramic coatings outperformed FEP coatings for both techniques. In summary, additive manufacturing of non-stick coatings on stainless steel showed remarkable advantages in terms of roughness, adhesion and wear resistance compared to the conventional manufacturing approach. These results are of relevance in fields such as medicine, food industry, chemical industry and marine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Guerrero-Vacas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School, University of Córdoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Oscar Rodríguez-Alabanda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School, University of Córdoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | | | - María Jesús Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Civil, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
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Nishi Y, Sagawa K, Faudree MC, Uchida HT, Kanda M, Kaneko S, Salvia M, Matsumura Y, Kimura H. A Novel Nickel-Plated Carbon Fiber Insert in Aluminum Joints with Thermoplastic ABS Polymer or Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5777. [PMID: 37687470 PMCID: PMC10488513 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
New types of hybrid aluminum joints: Al-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) designated Al/Ni-CFP/ABS, and Al-18-8 Stainless steel, Al/Ni-CFP/18-8, by Ni-plated carbon fiber plug (Ni-CFP) insert not before seen in the literature have been fabricated. The goal is to take advantage of extremely high ~6 mm CF surface area for high adhesion, to enhance the safety level of aircraft and other parts. This is without fasteners, chemical treatment, or glue. First, the CFP is plated with Ni. Second, the higher melting point half-length is spot welded to the CFP; and third, the remaining half-length is fabricated. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Al/Ni-CFP/ABS was raised 15 times over that of Al/ABS. Normalized cUTS according to CFP cross-section by Rule of Mixtures for cAl/Ni-CFP/18-8 was raised over that of cAl/Ni-CFP/18-8 from 140 to 360 MPa. Resistance energy to tensile deformation, UT, was raised 12 times from Al/ABS to Al/Ni-CFP/ABS, and 6 times from Al/CFP/18-8 to Al/Ni-CFP/18-8. Spot welding allows rapid melting followed by rapid solidification for amorphous metal structures minimizing grain boundaries. The Ni-coating lowers or counters the effects of brittle Al4C3 and FexC formation at the interface and prevents damage by impingement to CFs, allowing joints to take on more of the load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Nishi
- Faculty of Emeritus, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan; (H.T.U.); (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan;
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Ebina 243-0435, Japan;
- Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CEDEX, 69134 Ecully, France;
| | - Kouhei Sagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan;
| | - Michael C. Faudree
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan; (H.T.U.); (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.K.)
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Tokyo City University, Yokohama 224-8551, Japan
| | - Helmut Takahiro Uchida
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan; (H.T.U.); (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan;
| | - Masae Kanda
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan; (H.T.U.); (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Satoru Kaneko
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Ebina 243-0435, Japan;
| | | | - Yoshihito Matsumura
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan; (H.T.U.); (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan;
| | - Hideki Kimura
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan; (H.T.U.); (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan;
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Aoki S, Engelberg DL. Time-Lapse Observation of Crevice Corrosion in Grade 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5300. [PMID: 37570004 PMCID: PMC10419890 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate and visualize the initiation and propagation of crevice corrosion in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel by means of time-lapse imaging. Transparent Poly-Methyl-Meth-Acrylate washer and disk were coupled with duplex stainless steel to create an artificial crevice, with electrochemical monitoring applied to obtain information about the nucleation and propagation characteristics. All nucleation sites and corroding areas inside crevices were recorded in situ using a digital microscope set-up. Localized corrosion initiated close to the edge of the washer, where the crevice gap was very tight, with active corrosion sites then propagating underneath the disk into areas with wider gaps, towards the crevice mouth. The growth was associated with a rise in anodic current interlaced with sudden current drops, with parallel hydrogen gas evolution also observed within the crevice. The current drops were associated with a sudden change in growth direction, and once corrosion reached the crevice mouth, the propagation continued circumferentially and in depth. This allowed different corrosion regions to develop, showing selective dissolution of austenite, a region with dissolution of both phases, followed by a region where only ferrite dissolved. The effect of applied electrochemical potential, combined with time-lapse imaging, provides a powerful tool for in situ corrosion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Aoki
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Dirk L. Engelberg
- Metallurgy & Corrosion, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Matula G, Tomiczek B. Manufacturing of Corrosion-Resistant Surface Layers by Coating Non-Alloy Steels with a Polymer-Powder Slurry and Sintering. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5210. [PMID: 37569914 PMCID: PMC10420097 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the combination of surface engineering and powder metallurgy to create a coating with improved corrosion resistance and wear properties. A new method has been developed to manufacture corrosion-resistant surface layers on steel substrate with additional carbide reinforcement by employing a polymer-powder slurry forming and sintering. The proposed technology is an innovative alternative to anti-corrosion coatings applied by galvanic, welding or thermal spraying techniques. Two different stainless-steel powders were used in the research. Austenitic 316 L and 430 L ferritic steel powders were selected for comparison. In addition, to improve resistance to abrasive wear, coatings containing an additional mixture of tetra carbides (WC, TaC, TiC, NbC) were applied. The study investigates the effects of using multicomponent polymeric binders, sintering temperature, and atmosphere in the sintering process, as well as the presence of reinforcing precipitation, microstructure and selected surface layer properties. Various techniques such as SEM, EDS, hardness and tensile tests and corrosion resistance analysis are employed to evaluate the characteristics of the developed materials. It has been proven that residual carbon content and nitrogen atmosphere cause the release of hard precipitations and thus affect the higher mechanical properties of the obtained coatings. The tensile test shows that both steels have higher strength after sintering in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere. Nitrogen contributes over 50% more to the tensile strength than an argon-containing atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Matula
- Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Material Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18a St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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VILASÓ-CADRE JE, BENÍTEZ-FERNÁNDEZ D, LÓPEZ-ÁLVAREZ IA, TOVAR-VÁZQUEZ FY, ARADA-PÉREZ MA, REYES-DOMÍNGUEZ IA. Acid-base potentiometric titration using a stainless steel electrode without oxidative treatment. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:801-813. [PMID: 38174066 PMCID: PMC10760551 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An AISI 304 stainless steel laminar electrode without oxidative treatment was investigated for the potentiometric titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. The proposed electrode was obtained from metalworking cuttings. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the surface morphology and chemical composition of the electrode. The electrode showed a sensitivity of 59.18 ± 0.37 mV/pH, which was reproducible under intermediate conditions. Potentiometric titration showed a curve with deviations from pH 9.5 with respect to the glass electrode. However, this did not affect the quantification as the jumps of the curves coincided. The endpoint was 9.25 mL for both electrodes and the hydrochloric acid concentration was 0.0845 mol/L, with a deviation of 0.0004 mol/L from the standard concentration of 0.0841 mol/L. The nonartificially oxidised electrode did not show any crystalline oxide phases, whereas after oxidation it showed semicrystalline phases of iron and chromium oxides and increased the crystallinity of the steel. Despite the low content of surface oxides, stainless steel electrodes can give a Nernstian response to pH, depending on the surface characteristics of the material. This leads to the need to calibrate any electrode prior to oxidative treatment to rule out a Nernstian response without surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E. VILASÓ-CADRE
- Institute of Metallurgy, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi,
Mexico
| | - Daniel BENÍTEZ-FERNÁNDEZ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Oriente, Santiago of Cuba,
Cuba
| | - Ilse A. LÓPEZ-ÁLVAREZ
- Institute of Metallurgy, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi,
Mexico
| | | | - María A. ARADA-PÉREZ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Oriente, Santiago of Cuba,
Cuba
| | - Iván A. REYES-DOMÍNGUEZ
- Institute of Metallurgy, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi,
Mexico
- National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Mexico City,
Mexico
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Bonfil D, Veleva L, Feliu S, Escalante-García JI. Corrosion Activity of Stainless Steel SS430 and Carbon Steel B450C in a Sodium Silicate Modified Limestone-Portland Cement Extract. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5066. [PMID: 37512340 PMCID: PMC10385683 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Stainless steel SS430 and carbon steel B450C were exposed for 30 days to the aqueous extract of sodium silicate-modified limestone-Portland cement as an alternative for the partial replacement of the Portland cement clinker. The initial pH of 12.60 was lowered and maintained at an average of 9.60, associated with air CO2 dissolution and acidification. As a result, the carbon steel lost its passive state, and the corrosion potential (OCP) reached a negative value of up to 296 mV, forming the corrosion layer of FeO, and FeOOH. In the meaning time, on the stainless steel SS430 surface, a passive layer of Cr2O3 grew in the presence of FeO, Fe2O3 and Cr(OH)3 corrosion products; thus, the OCP shifted to more positive values of +150 mV. It is suggested that a self-repassivation process took place on the SS430 surface due to the accumulation of alkaline sulfates on the interface. Because of the chloride attack, SS430 presented isolated pits, while on B450C, their area was extended. The quantitative analysis of EIS Nyquist and Bode diagrams revealed that the Rp of the corrosion process for SS430 was 2500 kΩcm2, ≈32 times lower in magnitude than on B450C, for which the passive layer tended to disappear, while that on SS430 was ≈0.82 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bonfil
- Center for Research and Advances Study (CINVESTAV), Applied Physics Department, Campus Merida, Merida 97310, Mexico
| | - Lucien Veleva
- Center for Research and Advances Study (CINVESTAV), Applied Physics Department, Campus Merida, Merida 97310, Mexico
| | - Sebastian Feliu
- National Center for Metallurgical Research (CENIM-CSIC), Surface Engineering Corrosion and Durability Department, 8040 Madrid, Spain
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Almufarij RS, Fetouh El Sayed HA, Mohamed ME. Eco-Friendly Approach for the Construction of Superhydrophobic Coating on Stainless Steel Metal Based on Biological Metal-Organic Framework and Its Corrosion Resistance Performance. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4728. [PMID: 37445045 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a sustainable approach for the creation of superhydrophobic (SP) coating on a stainless-steel substrate based on a biological metal-organic framework (MOF). The MOF was synthesized using aspartic acid as a linker and copper ions as a core metal. Two SP coatings were well constructed on stainless steel utilizing electrodeposition of nickel (Ni) and nickel altered by MOF (Ni@Bio-MOF) coatings followed by soaking in a solution of stearic acid in ethanol. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that the stearic acid-grafted nickel coating (Ni@SA) and the stearic acid-grafted Ni@Bio-MOF composite (Ni@Bio-MOF@SA), were effectively deposited on the stainless steel. The wettability findings displayed that the water contact angle of Ni@SA and Ni@Cu-As MOF@SA are 160° ± 1.1°, and 168° ± 1.2°, respectively. The prepared SP coating was also found to be chemically and mechanically stable. The results show that the Ni@SA coating maintains SP characteristics in a pH range of 3-11 while the Ni@Cu-As MOF@SA coating retained SP characteristics in a pH range of 1-13. Additionally, the superhydrophobic Ni@SA coating demonstrated SP characteristics up to a length of abrasion equal to 1300 mm, while the Ni@Cu-As MOF@SA coating exhibited SP characteristics up to a length of abrasion equal to 2700 mm. Furthermore, the Ni@SA and Ni@Cu-As MOF@SA coatings exhibited significantly improved corrosion protection in a 0.5 M NaCl solution compared with bare stainless steel, with protection efficiencies of approximately 94% and 99%, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed approach is a promising method for the fabrication of eco-friendly and corrosion-resistant SP coatings on stainless steel substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmiah Saad Almufarij
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Elshahat Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
- Faculty of Advanced Basic Sciences, Alamein International University, Alamein City 51718, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt
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Petković Didović M, Jelovica Badovinac I, Fiket Ž, Žigon J, Rinčić Mlinarić M, Čanadi Jurešić G. Cytotoxicity of Metal Ions Released from NiTi and Stainless Steel Orthodontic Appliances, Part 1: Surface Morphology and Ion Release Variations. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16114156. [PMID: 37297290 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on ion release from orthodontic appliances, no clear conclusions can be drawn due to complex interrelations of multiple factors. Therefore, as the first part of a comprehensive investigation of cytotoxicity of eluted ions, the objective of this study was to analyze four parts of a fixed orthodontic appliance. Specifically, NiTi archwires and stainless steel (SS) brackets, bands, and ligatures were immersed in artificial saliva and studied for morphological and chemical changes after 3-, 7-, and 14-day immersion, using the SEM/EDX technique. Ion release profiles were analyzed for all eluted ions using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results demonstrated dissimilar surface morphologies among parts of the fixed appliance, due to variations in manufacturing processes. The onset of pitting corrosion was observed for the SS brackets and bands in the as-received state. Protective oxide layers were not observed on any of the parts, but adherent layers developed on SS brackets and ligatures during immersion. Salt precipitation, mainly KCl, was also observed. ICP-MS proved to be more sensitive than SEM/EDX and exhibited results undetected by SEM/EDX. Ion release was an order-of-magnitude higher for SS bands compared to other parts, which was attributed to manufacturing procedure (welding). Ion release did not correlate with surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Petković Didović
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jelovica Badovinac
- Faculty of Physics and Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Željka Fiket
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jure Žigon
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Gordana Čanadi Jurešić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Maifreni M, Di Bonaventura G, Marino M, Guarnieri S, Frigo F, Pompilio A. Biofilm formation under food-relevant conditions and sanitizers' tolerance of a Pseudomonas fluorescens group strain. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad117. [PMID: 37279902 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the biofilm-forming ability of a strain belonging to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group isolated from the dairy environment under food-relevant conditions. Moreover, the effects of commercial sanitizers against preformed biofilms were assessed both in terms of viability and structure. METHODS AND RESULTS The biofilms were formed on polystyrene, stainless steel (SS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in a wide range of temperatures (4-25°C) and were subjected to the action of 10 different sanitizers. The strain under study showed to be a strong biofilm-former regardless of temperature, particularly on polystyrene. The biofilms were mostly sensitive to chlorine and peracetic acid-based sanitizers. For some sanitizers (e.g. amphoteric), a relationship was observed between the material and the tolerance, while the temperature was not statistically significant. The formation of long-term biofilms on SS was also structurally affected by the temperature, showing microcolonies more irregular in shape and with lower cellularity at 4°C compared to 15°C, where the biofilm was more compact and with a high presence of EPS. CONCLUSIONS The strain belonging to the P. fluorescens group was shown to quickly adhere and form mature biofilm at temperatures and on materials relevant to the food sector; however, biofilms formed under different conditions were differently tolerant to disinfectants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Findings from this study could provide a basis for developing targeted sanitation protocols in food plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Maifreni
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
- Centro di Studi e Tecnologie Avanzate (CAST), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Marilena Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Centro di Studi e Tecnologie Avanzate (CAST), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Imaging e Scienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Francesca Frigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
- Centro di Studi e Tecnologie Avanzate (CAST), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
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Pakhomov M, Korolkov O, Pigato M, Gennari C, Calliari I, Stolyarov V. Electroplastic Effect during Tension and Bending in Duplex Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16114119. [PMID: 37297253 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The deformation behavior of duplex stainless steel under tension and bending, accompanied by a pulsed current and when heated by an external source, is investigated. The stress-strain curves are compared at the same temperatures. The contribution to the decrease in flow stresses is greater when using a multi-pulse current at the same temperature, compared to external heating. This confirms the presence of an electroplastic effect. An increase in the strain rate by an order of magnitude reduces the contribution of the electroplastic effect from single pulses to the reduction in flow stresses by 20%. An increase in the strain rate by an order of magnitude reduces the contribution of the electroplastic effect from single pulses to the reduction in flow stresses by 20%. However, in the case of a multi-pulse current, the strain rate effect is not observed. Introducing a multi-pulse current during bending reduces the bending strength by a factor of two and the springback angle to 6.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pakhomov
- Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of RAS, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Korolkov
- Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of RAS, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mirko Pigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Gennari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Calliari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Cho SH, Lee YJ, Bahanan W, Oh JM, Kim DJ, Kang JH, Ryu J, Widiantara IP, Ko YG. Effect of Reduction Sequence during Rolling on Deformed Texture and Anisotropy of Ferritic Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103767. [PMID: 37241394 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This investigation studied the effect of reduction sequence during rolling of ferritic stainless steel on texture and anisotropy. A series of thermomechanical processes were performed on the present samples utilizing rolling deformation, with a total height reduction of 83% but with different reduction sequences, 67% + 50% (route A) and 50% + 67% (route B). Microstructural analysis showed that no significant difference was found in terms of the grain morphology between route A and route B. In terms of the texture, as compared to route A, route B developed a sharper texture on all components along the γ-fiber and a considerably higher fraction of boundaries that displayed 38°111 misorientations with respect to the surrounding deformed grains. In consequence, optimal deep drawing properties were achieved, where rm was maximized and Δr was minimized. Moreover, despite the similar morphology between the two processes, the resistance toward ridging was improved in the case of route B. This was explained in relation to the selective growth-controlled recrystallization, which favors the formation of microstructure with homogeneous distribution of the <111>//ND orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Hyundai BNG Steel Co., Ltd., Changwon 51707, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Hyundai BNG Steel Co., Ltd., Changwon 51707, Republic of Korea
| | - Warda Bahanan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Moo Oh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Kim
- SeA Mechanics Co., Ltd., Gumi 39379, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - I Putu Widiantara
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gun Ko
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Zhou J, Liu S, Wang B, Xu H. Numerical Prediction of Microstructure Evolution of Small-Diameter Stainless Steel Balls during Cold Skew Rolling. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:3246. [PMID: 37110082 PMCID: PMC10144048 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The wear resistance and hardness of stainless steel (SS) balls formed by cold skew rolling are effectively improved due to the change in internal microstructure. In this study, based on the deformation mechanism of 316L stainless steel, a physical mechanism-based constitutive model was established and implemented in a subroutine of Simufact to investigate the microstructure evolution of 316L SS balls during the cold skew rolling process. The evolution of equivalent strain, stress, dislocation density, grain size, and martensite content was studied via simulation during the steel balls' cold skew rolling process. The corresponding skew rolling experiments of steel balls were carried out to verify the accuracy of the finite element (FE) model results. The results showed that the macro dimensional deviation of steel balls fluctuates less, and the microstructure evolution agrees well with the simulation results, which proves that the established FE model has high credibility. It shows that the FE model, coupled with multiple deformation mechanisms, provides a good prediction of the macro dimensions and internal microstructure evolution of small-diameter steel balls during cold skew rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Part Rolling, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shengqiang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoyu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center of Part Rolling, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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