1
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Roberts BC, Cheong VS, Oliviero S, Arredondo Carrera HM, Wang N, Gartland A, Dall'Ara E. Combining PTH(1-34) and mechanical loading has increased benefit to tibia bone mechanics in ovariectomised mice. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1254-1266. [PMID: 38151816 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Combined treatment with PTH(1-34) and mechanical loading confers increased structural benefits to bone than monotherapies. However, it remains unclear how this longitudinal adaptation affects the bone mechanics. This study quantified the individual and combined longitudinal effects of PTH(1-34) and mechanical loading on the bone stiffness and strength evaluated in vivo with validated micro-finite element (microFE) models. C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomised at 14-week-old and treated either with injections of PTH(1-34), compressive tibia loading or both interventions concurrently. Right tibiae were in vivo microCT-scanned every 2 weeks from 14 until 24-week-old. MicroCT images were rigidly registered to reference tibia and the cortical organ level (whole bone) and tissue level (midshaft) morphometric properties and bone mineral content were quantified. MicroCT images were converted into voxel-based homogeneous, linear elastic microFE models to estimate the bone stiffness and strength. This approach allowed us for the first time to quantify the longitudinal changes in mechanical properties induced by combined treatments in a model of accelerated bone resorption. Both changes of stiffness and strength were higher with co-treatment than with individual therapies, consistent with increased benefits with the tibia bone mineral content and cortical area, properties strongly associated with the tibia mechanics. The longitudinal data shows that the two bone anabolics, both individually and combined, had persistent benefit on estimated mechanical properties, and that benefits (increased stiffness and strength) remained after treatment was withdrawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Roberts
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Adelaide Microscopy, Division of Research and Innovation, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vee San Cheong
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sara Oliviero
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Ning Wang
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alison Gartland
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Enrico Dall'Ara
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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2
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Tariq S, Alrashdi AO, Al Bahir A, Gilani SMS, Hamioud F, Mubarak AA, Ahmed A, Saad H-E MM. DFT insights into LaFeO 3 with Mn substitution: A promising path to energy-efficient magneto-optical applications. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:843-854. [PMID: 38149650 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for electronic materials has significantly increased, driven by industrial needs and the pursuit of cost-efficient alternatives. This comprehensive study investigates the effects of Mn substitution on LaFeO3 through the implementation of the GGA approach in density functional theory. The research findings demonstrate remarkable consistency with the experimental outcomes reported in the existing literature pertaining to the studied compounds. However, this study unveils novel insights into the mechanical and optical characteristics of the doped structures, which have not been previously reported. The structural stability is rigorously examined through multiple stability criteria, encompassing structural optimization, tests of elastic stability, and enthalpy of formation calculations. Furthermore, the electronic and optical properties of the compounds exhibit exceptional improvements in conductivity and reflectivity as a result of the doping process. The band structure analysis reveals the presence of a Moss-Burstein shift. Investigation of the magnetic properties indicates an increase in the magnetic moment value due to the Fe-Mn degeneracy resulting from increased Mn content. Mechanical analysis of the elastic moduli B, G, and Y demonstrates an enhanced strength and metal-like conductivity, attributed to the induced anharmonicity. Moreover, the internal strain factor suggests a higher degree of bond flexibility, implying potential applications of these compounds in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Tariq
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayash O Alrashdi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Al Bahir
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farida Hamioud
- Nottingham College, Science Faculty, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A A Mubarak
- Physics Department, College of Science and Arts-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaq Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Musa Saad H-E
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts in Al-Muthnib, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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3
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A J A, S A. Studies on effect of failure modes on mechanical properties of staggered composites. Bioinspir Biomim 2024; 19:036019. [PMID: 38579743 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad3b55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Biological materials such as bone, nacre, antler, and teeth are gifted with excellent mechanical properties that have inspired the development of synthetic composites. These superior properties are attributed to the geometrical as well as the material properties of the constituents at a small scale. This paper is focused on the influence of failure modes over the mechanical properties including stiffness, strength, and toughness, after the failure of different interfaces in staggered bio-inspired structures such as regular and stairwise staggered arrangements where stiff platelets are embedded in a pliant matrix. In order to find these properties, this article develops a novel analytical model for stress transfer and effective Young's modulus of a stairwise staggered composite based on composite micro-mechanics principles. The results indicate that the failure sequence indeed influences mechanical characteristics such as stiffness, strength, and toughness. Also, the results from the present study is capable of quantifying the major contribution of toughness that is obtained from the vertical interface failure, which is ignored in previous studies for estimating the toughness. The results indicate that a toughness contribution as high as 56% from the inclusion of the first failure can be obtained in a stairwise staggered composite. The influence of significant parameters like Young's moduli ratio between the platelet and matrix (Ep/Em) over the strength at different modes of failure showed that the strength at first and second failures increases as theEp/Emratio increases. The findings of this study hold significant potential for predicting the failure sequences with their quantified contributions towards the mechanical properties of a bio-inspired staggered composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami A J
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, India
| | - Anup S
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, India
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4
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Liu Q, Fang Y, Xiong X, Xu W, Cui J. Ostwald ripening for designing time-dependent crystal hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320095. [PMID: 38419359 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ostwald ripening (OR), a classic solution theory describing molecular transfer from metastable crystal to stable one, is applied to design time-dependent crystal hydrogels that can automatically change their mechanical properties. Using a system made from crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium acetate (NaAc), we demonstrate that metastable fibrous crystal networks of NaAc preferably form in PAM hydrogels via a polymer-involving mismatch nucleation. These fibrous crystals would undergo OR and evolve into isolated bulk crystals, leading to a significant reduction in material rigidity (179 folds) and interfacial adhesion (20 folds). This transformation can be applied to program time-dependent self-recovery in shape and self-delamination. Since OR is a ubiquitous, robust feature of various crystals, the approach reported here represents a new direction for designing advanced transient soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Liu
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yuanlai Fang
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Xiong
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Xu
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
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5
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Brotons-Alcázar I, Terreblanche JS, Giménez-Santamarina S, Gutiérrez-Finol GM, Ryder KS, Forment-Aliaga A, Coronado E. Atomic Force Microscopy beyond Topography: Chemical Sensing of 2D Material Surfaces through Adhesion Measurements. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:19711-19719. [PMID: 38567570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Developing new functionalities of two-dimensional materials (2Dms) can be achieved by their chemical modification with a broad spectrum of molecules. This functionalization is commonly studied by using spectroscopies such as Raman, IR, or XPS, but the detection limit is a common problem. In addition, these methods lack detailed spatial resolution and cannot provide information about the homogeneity of the coating. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), on the other hand, allows the study of 2Dms on the nanoscale with excellent lateral resolution. AFM has been extensively used for topographic analysis; however, it is also a powerful tool for evaluating other properties far beyond topography such as mechanical ones. Therefore, herein, we show how AFM adhesion mapping of transition metal chalcogenide 2Dms (i.e., MnPS3 and MoS2) permits a close inspection of the surface chemical properties. Moreover, the analysis of adhesion as relative values allows a simple and robust strategy to distinguish between bare and functionalized layers and significantly improves the reproducibility between measurements. Remarkably, it is also confirmed by statistical analysis that adhesion values do not depend on the thickness of the layers, proving that they are related only to the most superficial part of the materials. In addition, we have implemented an unsupervised classification method using k-means clustering, an artificial intelligence-based algorithm, to automatically classify samples based on adhesion values. These results demonstrate the potential of simple adhesion AFM measurements to inspect the chemical nature of 2Dms and may have implications for the broad scientific community working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Brotons-Alcázar
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jason S Terreblanche
- Center for Sustainable Materials Processing, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K
| | - Silvia Giménez-Santamarina
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Gerliz M Gutiérrez-Finol
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Karl S Ryder
- Center for Sustainable Materials Processing, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K
| | - Alicia Forment-Aliaga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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6
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Khosh B, Atapour H. Assessment of mechanical behavior of sprayed concrete reinforced with waste tire textile fibers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8873. [PMID: 38632345 PMCID: PMC11024134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this research is to assess the mechanical properties of shotcrete or sprayed concrete reinforced with waste tire textile fibers (WTTFs). Shotcrete is extensively employed in civil and mining engineering projects for support systems. This study examines the physical and mechanical characteristics of shotcrete samples, both without fibers and reinforced with WTTFs, including density, water absorption, volume of permeable voids, ultrasonic pulse velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength. The reinforced samples consist of WTTF fibers at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% concentrations. Test results demonstrate that the inclusion of waste tire textile fibers enhances the mechanical properties of shotcrete, particularly its deformability and energy absorption capacity. Based on the test outcomes, a 1% fiber concentration is recommended as the most suitable ratio for utilizing waste tire textile fibers in shotcrete. Furthermore, these flexible fibers do not impede shotcrete pumping or spraying capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Khosh
- Department of Earth Sciences Engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran
| | - Hadi Atapour
- Department of Earth Sciences Engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran.
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7
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Li X, Zheng Y. Structural response and mechanical properties of the hind wing of the beetle Protaetia brevitarsis. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38623765 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The folding/unfolding mechanism and collision recovery effect of the beetle's hind wings can provide biomimetic inspiration for the optimization of wing deplorability and the investigation of collision prevention recovery mechanism of new amphibious morphing vehicle. In this study, a method is described to investigate the structural response and mechanical properties of the hind wings of the beetle Protetia brevitarsis under natural conditions. The specially processed test samples were conducted to tensile testing, which facilitates the evaluation of the mechanical properties of specific areas of the hind wing. The micro geometric morphological characteristics of the cross-section of the specimen after tensile fracture were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The three-dimensional morphology of the ventral and dorsal sides of the hind wing was characterized using three-dimensional scanning and reverse modeling methods. The finite element model of the hind wing is developed to investigate the structural deformation and modal response characteristics of its flapping. The uniformly distributed load on the hind wing surface is derived from the lift characteristics obtained from the computational fluid dynamics simulation of flapping wing motion. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Scanning electron microscope is used to observe the cross-sectional characteristics of the veins and membranes. The material properties of the wing membranes and veins of the hind wings were measured using the tensile testing system. The three-dimensional morphology of the hind wing was characterized using 3D scanning and reverse modeling methods. The finite element model of the hind wing is developed to investigate the structural deformation and modal response characteristics of its flapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian, People's Republic of China
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8
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Hackethal S, Schulz-Kornas E, Gorb SN, Krings W. Wear patterns of radular teeth in Loligo vulgaris (Cephalopoda; Mollusca) are related to their structure and mechanical properties. Interface Focus 2024; 14:20230082. [PMID: 38618237 PMCID: PMC11008966 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Radular teeth have to cope with wear, when interacting with ingesta. In some molluscan taxa, wear-coping mechanisms, related to the incorporation of high contents of iron or silica, have been previously determined. For most species, particularly for those which possess radulae without such incorporations, wear-coping mechanisms are understudied. In the present study, we documented and characterized the wear on radular teeth in the model species Loligo vulgaris (Cephalopoda). By applying a range of methods, the elementary composition and mechanical properties of the teeth were described, to gain insight into mechanisms for coping with abrasion. It was found that the tooth regions that are prone to wear are harder and stiffer. Additionally, the surfaces interacting with the ingesta possessed a thin coating with high contents of silicon, probably reducing abrasion. The here presented data may serve as an example of systematic study of radular wear, in order to understand the relationship between the structure of radular teeth and their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hackethal
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wencke Krings
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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9
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Wang Z, Sangroniz L, Xu J, Zhu C, Müller A. Polymer Physics Behind the Gel-spinning of UHMWPE Fibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400124. [PMID: 38602184 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Gel-spinning of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers has attracted great interest in academia and industry since its birth and commercialization in the 1980s, due to unique properties such as high modulus, low density, and excellent chemical resistance. However, the high viscosity and long relaxation time greatly complicate processing. In industry, solvents like decalin, paraffin oil, etc., usually disentangle the physical networks and promote final drawability. From extruding the polymer solution to post-solid-stretching, many polymer physics problems that accompany high-modulus fiber gel-spinning should be understood and addressed. In this review, by detailed discussions about the effect of entanglements and intracrystalline chain dynamics on the mechanical properties of UHMWPE, we provide theoretical descriptions of the structure formation of disentangled UHMWPE crystals and the origin of high modulus and strength of final fibers. Several physical intrinsic key factors are also discussed, revealing why UHMWPE is an ideal material for producing high-performance fibers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Leire Sangroniz
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Alejandro Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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10
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Wu L, Pasini D. Zero modes activation to reconcile floppiness, rigidity, and multistability into an all-in-one class of reprogrammable metamaterials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3087. [PMID: 38600069 PMCID: PMC11006655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Existing mechanical metamaterials are typically designed to either withstand loads as a stiff structure, shape morph as a floppy mechanism, or trap energy as a multistable matter, distinct behaviours that correspond to three primary classes of macroscopic solids. Their stiffness and stability are sealed permanently into their architecture, mostly remaining immutable post-fabrication due to the invariance of zero modes. Here, we introduce an all-in-one reprogrammable class of Kagome metamaterials that enable the in-situ reprogramming of zero modes to access the apparently conflicting properties of all classes. Through the selective activation of metahinges via self-contact, their architecture can be switched to acquire on-demand rigidity, floppiness, or global multistability, bridging the seemingly uncrossable gap between structures, mechanisms, and multistable matters. We showcase the versatile generalizations of the metahinge and remarkable reprogrammability of zero modes for a range of properties including stiffness, mechanical signal guiding, buckling modes, phonon spectra, and auxeticity, opening a plethora of opportunities for all-in-one materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Damiano Pasini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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11
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Ihrig M, Dashjav E, Odenwald P, Dellen C, Grüner D, Gross JP, Nguyen TTH, Lin YH, Scheld WS, Lee C, Schwaiger R, Mahmoud A, Malzbender J, Guillon O, Uhlenbruck S, Finsterbusch M, Tietz F, Teng H, Fattakhova-Rohlfing D. Enabling High-Performance Hybrid Solid-State Batteries by Improving the Microstructure of Free-Standing LATP/LFP Composite Cathodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:17461-17473. [PMID: 38556803 PMCID: PMC11009911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The phosphate lithium-ion conductor Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP) is an economically attractive solid electrolyte for the fabrication of safe and robust solid-state batteries, but high sintering temperatures pose a material engineering challenge for the fabrication of cell components. In particular, the high surface roughness of composite cathodes resulting from enhanced crystal growth is detrimental to their integration into cells with practical energy density. In this work, we demonstrate that efficient free-standing ceramic cathodes of LATP and LiFePO4 (LFP) can be produced by using a scalable tape casting process. This is achieved by adding 5 wt % of Li2WO4 (LWO) to the casting slurry and optimizing the fabrication process. LWO lowers the sintering temperature without affecting the phase composition of the materials, resulting in mechanically stable, electronically conductive, and free-standing cathodes with a smooth, homogeneous surface. The optimized cathode microstructure enables the deposition of a thin polymer separator attached to the Li metal anode to produce a cell with good volumetric and gravimetric energy densities of 289 Wh dm-3 and 180 Wh kg-1, respectively, on the cell level and Coulombic efficiency above 99% after 30 cycles at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ihrig
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Keelung Rd., Section 4, Da’an Dist. Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Enkhtsetseg Dashjav
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Odenwald
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Engineering and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Dellen
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Grüner
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-2: Microstructure
and Properties Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peter Gross
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-2: Microstructure
and Properties Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thi Tuyet Hanh Nguyen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsing Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Walter Sebastian Scheld
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Changhee Lee
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ruth Schwaiger
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-2: Microstructure
and Properties Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Abdelfattah Mahmoud
- GREENMat,
CESAM Research Unit, Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Malzbender
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-2: Microstructure
and Properties Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Olivier Guillon
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Uhlenbruck
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Finsterbusch
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Tietz
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hsisheng Teng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical
Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center
of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Engineering and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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12
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Jiang H, Fu S, Zhang Z, Wang S, Zhao Z. Effect of Metal Elements on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine Cemented Carbide Prepared by SPS. Molecules 2024; 29:1678. [PMID: 38611958 PMCID: PMC11013247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To satisfy the needs of precision machining, ultrafine tungsten carbide (WC)-based cemented carbide with fine grain size and excellent mechanical properties was prepared. Ultrafine cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using WC, Co as raw materials and metal elements V, and Cr as additives, and the effects of metal elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cemented carbide were investigated. The results show that the specimen (91.6WC-1.2V-1.2Cr-6Co) prepared at 1350 °C, 6 min, 25 MPa has the best mechanical properties (HV 2322.9, KIC 8.7 MPa·m1/2) and homogeneous microstructure. The metal elements could react with WC to form a (W, V, Cr) Cx segregation layer, which effectively inhibits the growth of WC grains (300 nm). The combination of SPS and metal element additives provides a new approach for the preparation of ultrafine cemented carbides with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (H.J.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
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13
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Lee D, Oh B, Park J, Moon SW, Shin K, Kim SM, Rho J. Wide field-of-hearing metalens for aberration-free sound capture. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3044. [PMID: 38589347 PMCID: PMC11001966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metalenses are instruments that manipulate waves and have exhibited remarkable capabilities to date. However, an important hurdle arises due to the severe hampering of the angular response originating from coma and field curvature aberrations, which result in a loss of focusing ability. Herein, we provide a blueprint by introducing the notion of a wide field-of-hearing (FOH) metalens, designed particularly for capturing and focusing sound with decreased aberrations. Employing an aberration-free planar-thin metalens that leverages perfect acoustic symmetry conversion, we experimentally realize a robust wide FOH capability of approximately 140∘ in angular range. Moreover, our metalens features a relatively short focal length, enabling compact implementation by reducing the aperture-to-hearing plane distance. This is beneficial for space-efficient source-tracking sound sensing. Our strategy can be used across various platforms, potentially including energy harvesting, monitoring, imaging, and communication in auditory, ultrasonic, and submerged environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Won Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilsoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sea-Moon Kim
- Ocean and Maritime Digital Technology Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Liu G, Lu Z, Zhang X. Nano-Structure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Al xCoCrFeNi 2.1 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0, 1.3) High-Entropy Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:641. [PMID: 38607175 PMCID: PMC11013611 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The AlxCoCrFeNi2.1 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0, 1.3) multi-component high-entropy alloy (HEA) was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), The impact of the percentage of Al on crystal structure transition, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were studied. Crystal structure was investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results show that with the increasing of Al content, the crystal structure of the alloys gradually transformed from a nanocrystalline phase of FCC to a mix of FCC and BCC nanocrystalline. The hardness was found to increase steadily from 433 HV to 565 HV due to the increase in fraction of BCC nanocrystalline phase. Thus, the compressive fracture strength increased from 1702 MPa to 2333 MPa; in contrast, the fracture strain decreased from 39.8% to 15.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (G.L.)
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15
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Hussain MA, Yamamoto T, Adil SF, Yao S. Coarse-Grained Simulations on Polyethylene Crystal Network Formation and Microstructure Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1007. [PMID: 38611266 PMCID: PMC11013834 DOI: 10.3390/polym16071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and characterizing semi-crystalline models with crystalline and amorphous segments is crucial for industrial applications. A coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations study probed the crystal network formation in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) from melt, and shed light on tensile properties for microstructure analysis. Modified Paul-Yoon-Smith (PYS/R) forcefield parameters are used to compute the interatomic forces among the PE chains. The isothermal crystallization at 300 K and 1 atm predicts the multi-nucleus crystal growth; moreover, the lamellar crystal stems and amorphous region are alternatively oriented. A one-dimensional density distribution along the alternative lamellar stems further confirms the ordering of the lamellar-stack orientation. Using this plastic model preparation approach, the semi-crystalline model density (ρcr) of ca. 0.913 g·cm-3 and amorphous model density (ρam) of ca. 0.856 g·cm-3 are obtained. Furthermore, the ratio of ρcr/ρam ≈ 1.06 is in good agreement with computational (≈1.096) and experimental (≈1.14) data, ensuring the reliability of the simulations. The degree of crystallinity (χc) of the model is ca. 52% at 300 K. Nevertheless, there is a gradual increase in crystallinity over the specified time, indicating the alignment of the lamellar stems during crystallization. The characteristic stress-strain curve mimicking tensile tests along the z-axis orientation exhibits a reversible sharp elastic regime, tensile strength at yield ca. 100 MPa, and a non-reversible tensile strength at break of 350%. The cavitation mechanism embraces the alignment of lamellar stems along the deformation axis. The study highlights an explanatory model of crystal network formation for the PE model using a PYS/R forcefield, and it produces a microstructure with ordered lamellar and amorphous segments with robust mechanical properties, which aids in predicting the microstructure-mechanical property relationships in plastics under applied forces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shigeru Yao
- Central Research Institute, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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16
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Noga P, Skrzekut T, Wędrychowicz M, Węglowski MS, Wiewióra M. The Influence of Various Welding Methods on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316Ti Steel. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1681. [PMID: 38612194 PMCID: PMC11012929 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels are very popular due to their high strength properties, ductility, excellent corrosion resistance and work hardening. This paper presents the test results for joining AISI 316Ti austenitic steel. The technologies used for joining were the most popular welding techniques such as TIG (welding with a non-consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases), MIG (welding with a consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases) as well as high-energy EBW welding (Electron Beam Welding) and plasma PAW (plasma welding). Microstructural examinations in the face, center and root areas of the weld revealed different contents of delta ferrite with skeletal or lathy ferrite morphology. Additionally, the presence of columnar grains at the fusion line and equiaxed grains in the center of the welds was found. Microstructural, X-ray and ferroscope tests showed the presence of different delta ferrite contents depending on the technology used. The highest content of delta ferrite was found in the TIG and PAW connectors, approximately 5%, and the lowest in the EBW connector, approximately 2%. Based on the tests carried out on the mechanical properties, it was found that the highest properties were achieved by the MIG joint (Rm, 616, Rp0.2 = 335 MPa), while the lowest were achieved by the PAW joint (Rm = 576, Rp0.2 = 315 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Noga
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (P.N.); (T.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Tomasz Skrzekut
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (P.N.); (T.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Maciej Wędrychowicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Prof. Z. Szafrana Street 4, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Marek St. Węglowski
- Łukasiewicz—Upper Silesian Institute of Technology, Karola Miarki Str. 12-14, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Marcel Wiewióra
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (P.N.); (T.S.); (M.W.)
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17
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Ambrus M, Mucsi G. Open-loop recycling of end-of-life textiles as geopolymer fibre reinforcement. Waste Manag Res 2024:734242X241242708. [PMID: 38576348 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241242708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The treatment and management of textile waste is an ever-growing issue worldwide, due to the continuously changing trends and the popularity of fast-fashion brands. There are numerous waste management methods besides simple landfilling, including reuse, open-loop or closed-loop recycling options. The described research explores the applicability of an open-loop recycling method, the processing of end-of-life textiles to produce fibres for fibre-reinforced geopolymers, to combine various waste streams for the production of an environmentally friendly binder system. By the examination of different textile waste processing methods, the most valuable fibrous material was produced with the application of a rotary shear and a vertical cutting mill, eliminating the necessity of manual cutting. As the most common base material of the textiles was found to be polyester and cotton, these were deemed useful for fibre reinforcement. The flexural strength showed a significant increase with the addition of 5 wt.% fibres, indicating the possibility of more than doubling the flexural strength of geopolymer specimens. Based on the microstructural analysis, however, even though there was good adhesion between the fibre and the geopolymer matrix, the latter showed inhomogeneities with higher fibre addition, indicating the need to further optimise the production steps, such as mixing time, vibration time, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Ambrus
- Institute of Raw Material Preparation and Environmental Process Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mucsi
- Institute of Raw Material Preparation and Environmental Process Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
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18
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Ma X, Cheng F, Huang W, He L, Ye Z, Yu S, Hu L, Yu D, Shen H. First-Principles Calculations of the Mechanical Properties of Doped Cu 3P Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1677. [PMID: 38612190 PMCID: PMC11012814 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In the quest to enhance the mechanical properties of CuP alloys, particularly focusing on the Cu3P phase, this study introduces a comprehensive investigation into the effects of various alloying elements on the alloy's performance. In this paper, the first principle of density universal function theory and the projection-enhanced wave method under VASP 5.4.4 software are used to recalculate the lattice constants, evaluate the lattice stability, and explore the mechanical properties of selected doped elements such as In, Si, V, Al, Bi, Nb, Sc, Ta, Ti, Y and Zr, including shear, stiffness, compression, and plasticity. The investigation reveals that strategic doping with In and Si significantly enhances shear resistance and stiffness, while V addition notably augments compressive resistance. Furthermore, incorporating Al, Bi, Nb, Sc, Ta, Ti, V, Y, and Zr has substantially improved plasticity, indicating a broad spectrum of mechanical enhancement through precise alloying. Crucially, the validation of our computational models is demonstrated through hardness experiments on Si and Sn-doped specimens, corroborating the theoretical predictions. Additionally, a meticulous analysis of the states' density further confirms our computational approach's accuracy and reliability. This study highlights the potential of targeted alloying to tailor the mechanical properties of Cu3P alloys and establishes a robust theoretical framework for predicting the effects of doping in metallic alloys. The findings presented herein offer valuable insights and a novel perspective on material design and optimization, marking a significant stride toward developing advanced materials with customized mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Hangzhou Huaguang Advanced Welding Materials Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311112, China
| | - Lian He
- Zhejiang Zhekan Testing Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315033, China
| | - Zixin Ye
- Liangxin Honors College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shimeng Yu
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Hangzhou Huaguang Advanced Welding Materials Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311112, China
| | - Dingkun Yu
- Hangzhou Huaguang Advanced Welding Materials Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311112, China
| | - Hangyan Shen
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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19
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Zhang S, Ji Y, He Y, Dong J, Li H, Yu S. Effect of Environmental pH on the Mechanics of Chitin and Chitosan: A Single-Molecule Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:995. [PMID: 38611253 PMCID: PMC11014069 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are important structural macromolecules for most fungi and marine crustaceans. The functions and application areas of the two molecules are also adjacent beyond their similar molecular structure, such as tissue engineering and food safety where solution systems are involved. However, the elasticities of chitin and chitosan in solution lack comparison at the molecular level. In this study, the single-molecule elasticities of chitin and chitosan in different solutions are investigated via atomic force microscope (AFM) based single-molecule spectroscopy (SMFS). The results manifest that the two macromolecules share the similar inherent elasticity in DOSM due to their same chain backbone. However, obvious elastic deviations can be observed in aqueous conditions. Especially, a lower pH value (acid environment) is helpful to increase the elasticity of both chitin and chitosan. On the contrary, the tendency of elastic variation of chitin and chitosan in a larger pH value (alkaline environment) shows obvious diversity, which is mainly determined by the side groups. This basic study may produce enlightenment for the design of intelligent chitin and chitosan food packaging and biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shirui Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
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20
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Huang SJ, Wu SY, Subramani M. Effect of Zinc and Severe Plastic Deformation on Mechanical Properties of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1678. [PMID: 38612192 PMCID: PMC11012265 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of zinc (4 wt.%) and severe plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy through the stir-casting process. Severe plastic deformation (Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)) has been performed followed by T4 heat treatment. The microstructural examinations revealed that the addition of 4 wt.% Zn enhances the uniform distribution of β-phase, contributing to a more uniformly corroded surface in corrosive environments. Additionally, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) significantly reduces the grain size of as-cast alloys after undergoing ECAP. The attained mechanical properties demonstrate that after a single ECAP pass, AZ61 + 4 wt.% Zn alloy exhibits the highest yield strength (YS), ultimate compression strength (UCS), and hardness. This research highlights the promising potential of AZ61 + 4 wt.% Zn alloy for enhanced mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties, offering valuable insights for applications in diverse engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Jeng Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (M.S.)
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21
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Yu Y, Chen X, Hou D, Zhou J, Zhang P, Shen J, Zhou J. Fluorinated Polydopamine Shell Decorated Fillers in Polytetrafluoroethylene Composite for Achieving Highly Reduced Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:987. [PMID: 38611245 PMCID: PMC11014320 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The noticeable difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings and copper substrates is a major challenge for thermal debonding of the copper-clad laminate (CCL) in high-frequency communications. Theoretically, ceramic fillers with low CTEs in the coating can effectively reduce the gap, and there remains a trade-off between the dispersibility of fillers and the interfacial interactions with the polymeric matrix. Here, we propose a novel approach to prepare a pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBC)-modified polydopamine (PDA) shell on silica particles by using amidation. Such modified particles perform excellent dispersion and exhibit diminished interfacial gaps in the PTFE matrix, which highly reduces CTE to 77 ppm/°C, accounting for only 48.1% of the neat coating. Moreover, the composite exhibits enhanced mechanical strength and toughness, and consequently suppresses thermal debonding in CCL under high-temperature conditions. Therefore, results present a promising potential for its use in the next-generation CCL of high-frequency communication devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (J.S.)
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Dajun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (J.S.)
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (J.S.)
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China
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22
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Hsu HC, Wu SC, Fang WC, Ho WF. Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Niobium Additions on the Structural Characteristics and Properties of Ti-5Cr-xNb Alloys for Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1667. [PMID: 38612179 PMCID: PMC11012571 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a series of Ti-5Cr-xNb alloys with varying Nb content (ranging from 1 to 40 wt.%) were investigated to assess their suitability as implant materials. Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including phase analysis, microscopy examination, mechanical testing, and corrosion resistance evaluation. The results revealed significant structural alterations attributed to Nb addition, notably suppressing the formation of the ω phase and transitioning from α' + β + ω to single β phase structures. Moreover, the incorporation of Nb markedly improved the alloys' plastic deformation ability and reduced their elastic modulus. In particular, the Ti-5Cr-25Nb alloy demonstrated high values in corrosion potential and polarization resistance, signifying exceptional corrosion resistance. This alloy also displayed high bending strength (approximately 1500 MPa), a low elastic modulus (approximately 80 GPa), and outstanding elastic recovery and plastic deformation capabilities. These aggregate outcomes indicate the promising potential of the β-phase Ti-5Cr-25Nb alloy for applications in orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-C.W.)
| | - Shih-Ching Wu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-C.W.)
| | - Wei-Ching Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515006, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fu Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan
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23
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Veluri S, Sowinski P, Svyntkivska M, Bartczak Z, Makowski T, Piorkowska E. Structure and Mechanical Properties of iPP-Based Nanocomposites Crystallized under High Pressure. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:629. [PMID: 38607163 PMCID: PMC11013707 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The unique nonparallel chain arrangement in the orthorhombic γ-form lamellae of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) results in the enhancement of the mechanical properties of γ-iPP. Our study aimed at the investigation of the mechanical properties of γ-iPP nanocomposites with 1-5 wt.% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and 5 wt.% organo-modified montmorillonite prepared by melt-mixing and high-pressure crystallization. Neat iPP and the nanocomposites were crystallized under high pressures of 200 MPa and 300 MPa, and for comparison under 1.4 MPa, in a custom-built high-pressure cell. The structure of the materials was studied using WAXS, SAXS, DSC, and SEM, whereas their mechanical properties were tested in plane-strain compression. Under a small pressure of 1.4 MPa, polymer matrix in all materials crystallized predominantly in the α-form, the most common monoclinic form of iPP, whereas under high pressure it crystallized in the γ-form. This caused a significant increase in the elastic modulus, yield stress, and stress at break. Moreover, due to the presence of MWCNT, these parameters of the nanocomposites exceeded those of the neat polymer. As a result, a 60-70% increase in the elastic modulus, yield stress, and stress at break was achieved by filling of iPP with MWCNT and high-pressure crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90 363 Lodz, Poland; (S.V.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (Z.B.); (T.M.)
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Wei J, Abdurexit A, Jamal R, Abdiryim T, You J, Li Z, Shang J, Cheng Q. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Recycled Polypropylene/Polyolefin Elastomer Composites with High Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:972. [PMID: 38611230 PMCID: PMC11013364 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of waste plastics has gradually become a hot topic in the current scientific community. In response to the needs for high-impact performance R-PP-based composites, carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polyolefin elastomer (POE)/recycled polypropylene (R-PP) composite (CF/POE/R-PP) was prepared by the mechanical blending method, and its mechanical and thermal properties were systematically studied. It was found that the CF could effectively improve the bending and notch impact strength as well as enhance the thermal stability of POE/R-PP. Furthermore, a stable and dispersed composite interface formed by the combination of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) with the surface of CF and the fusion alkyl chains in R-PP and POE further enhanced the CF's reinforcing effect. As a result, the addition of 9 wt.% CF successfully improved the heat resistance of the composite material, and the residual carbon content increased by 97.84% after sintering. The composite toughening of POE and CF effectively improved the impact strength of the composite material, with a maximum increase of over 1000%. This study ultimately resulted in a high-impact-resistant composite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.W.); (J.Y.); (J.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Abdukeyum Abdurexit
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemical Engineering Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (A.A.); (R.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ruxangul Jamal
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemical Engineering Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (A.A.); (R.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tursun Abdiryim
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.W.); (J.Y.); (J.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Jiangan You
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.W.); (J.Y.); (J.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemical Engineering Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (A.A.); (R.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.W.); (J.Y.); (J.S.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (J.W.); (J.Y.); (J.S.); (Q.C.)
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Jiang P, Liu D, Zou H, Liu J, Wu W, Pan H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Dai G. Effect of Multi-Path Asynchronous Rolling Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZK60 Magnesium Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1647. [PMID: 38612160 PMCID: PMC11012885 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
At the initial rolling temperature of 400 °C, ZK60 magnesium alloy was hot rolled by three different rolling paths with different roll speed ratios (RSR) of 1:1.15, 1:1.2, and 1:1.5, respectively. The effects of different rolling processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were studied. The microstructure, plasticity, strength, hardness, and texture intensity of rolled samples were analyzed in this work. The results show that the microstructure uniformity of the alloy under multi-path asynchronous rolling (MAR) is significantly improved, which improves the mechanical properties of the material to a certain extent, and effectively weakens the texture intensity of the basal plane and reduces the anisotropy. The amount of randomly oriented grains of ZK60 magnesium alloy rolled by the C-1.5 (path C combined with the RSR of 1:1.5) process are significantly increased, which significantly weakens the basal texture and improves the ductility of the alloy, greatly enhancing the processing and formability of ZK60 magnesium alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (H.P.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Dawen Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;
| | - Haixin Zou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (H.P.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianfu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (H.P.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wangping Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (H.P.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Haijun Pan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (H.P.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (H.P.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (H.P.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guohong Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (H.P.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.)
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Vasile S, Vermeire S, Vandepitte K, Troch V, De Raeve A. Effect of Weave and Weft Type on Mechanical and Comfort Properties of Hemp-Linen Fabrics. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1650. [PMID: 38612162 PMCID: PMC11012718 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study the influence of fabric weave (plain, twill, and panama) and weft type (flax and hemp yarns) on selected mechanical and comfort properties of six fabrics was analyzed. The results showed that tear and abrasion properties were most affected by the weave. The tensile properties of the linen fabrics were not significantly different when weft hemp yarns were used instead of flax. Fabrics with the same weave seemed to be equally resilient to abrasion regardless of the type of weft. By contrast, the hemp weft yarns favorized the physical and comfort properties of the investigated fabrics. For the same weave, the hemp-linen fabrics were slightly lighter and exhibited lower bulk density, significantly larger air permeability, and improved moisture management properties. Although the results of maximum thermal flux (Qmax) suggested a cooler sensation of the linen fabrics with panama and twill, the hemp-linen fabric with a plain weave seemed to be the optimal choice when a cool sensation was desired. Higher thermal conductivity values also suggested slightly better heat transfer properties of the hemp-linen fabrics, and these were significantly influenced by the weave type. The results clearly indicated the advantages of using hemp for improving physical and specific comfort properties of linen fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vasile
- Fashion and Textiles Innovation Lab (FTILab+), HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 9051 Ghent, Belgium; (S.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Sofie Vermeire
- Fashion and Textiles Innovation Lab (FTILab+), HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 9051 Ghent, Belgium; (S.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Katrien Vandepitte
- AgroFoodNature, HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 9051 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Troch
- AgroFoodNature, HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 9051 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra De Raeve
- Fashion and Textiles Innovation Lab (FTILab+), HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 9051 Ghent, Belgium; (S.V.); (A.D.R.)
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Liu X, Lang Q, Wang J, Song G, Liu L. Effect of Alloying Elements in Steels on the Interfacial Structure and Mechanical Properties of Mg to Steel by Laser-GTAW Hybrid Direct Lap Welding. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1624. [PMID: 38612137 PMCID: PMC11012746 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mg alloy AZ31B was directly bonded to SK7 with a low alloy content, DP980 with a high Mn content, 316L with a high Cr and high Ni content by laser-gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and hybrid direct lap welding. The results showed that the tensile loads of AZ31B/SK7 and AZ31B/DP980 joints were 283 N/mm and 285 N/mm respectively, while the tensile load of AZ31B/316L joint was only 115 N/mm. The fracture and interface microstructures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and identified through X-ray diffractometry (XRD). For AZ31B/SK7 and AZ31B/DP980, the interface of the front reaction area and the keyhole reaction area was mainly composed of an Fe-Al phase and an Al-Mn phase. However, for AZ31B/316L, the interface of the keyhole reaction area was mainly composed of an Fe-Al phase and an Al-Mn phase, but a multi-layer composite structure consisting of the Mg17Al12 compound layer and eutectic layer was formed in the front reaction area, which led to a deterioration in the joint property. The influencing mechanism of Mn, Cr and Ni elements in steel on the properties and interface structure of the laser-GTAW lap joint between the Mg alloy and the steel was systematically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Qiang Lang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Gang Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.)
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Lan X, Luo N, Li Z, Peng J, Cheng HM. Status and Prospect of Two-Dimensional Materials in Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9285-9310. [PMID: 38522089 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Replacing liquid electrolytes and separators in conventional lithium-ion batteries with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is an important strategy to ensure both high energy density and high safety. Searching for fast ionic conductors with high electrochemical and chemical stability has been the core of SSE research and applications over the past decades. Based on the atomic-level thickness and infinitely expandable planar structure, numerous two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have been exploited and applied to address the most critical issues of low ionic conductivity of SSEs and lithium dendrite growth in all-solid-state lithium batteries. This review introduces the research process of 2DMs in SSEs, then summarizes the mechanisms and strategies of inert and active 2DMs toward Li+ transport to improve the ionic conductivity and enhance the electrode/SSE interfacial compatibility. More importantly, the main challenges and future directions for the application of 2DMs in SSEs are considered, including the importance of exploring the relationship between the anisotropic structure of 2DMs and Li+ diffusion behavior, the exploitation of more 2DMs, and the significance of in situ characterizations in elucidating the mechanisms of Li+ transport and interfacial reactions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding to facilitate the application of 2DMs in SSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Lan
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Na Luo
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 1110016, China
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Wang Z, Kozu H, Uemura K, Kobayashi I, Ichikawa S. Effect of mechanical properties on in vitro dynamic digestion of starch contained in hydrogels. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3498-3506. [PMID: 38145927 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the effect of mechanical properties on the in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestion of hydrogels containing starch (HCSs) as a model for studying the nutrient digestibility of solid foods. It provides a useful theoretical basis for the processing of specific foods. RESULT Four types of HCSs with two levels of fracture stress (17.4-20.9 kPa and 55.5-57.6 kPa) and two levels of fracture strain (25.4-28.5% and 53.7-57.4%) were prepared. For these HCSs, the degree of gastric disintegration of hydrogels reduced significantly when fracture strain exceeded 30% (P < 0.05). The gastric emptying of HCS particles was also affected by mechanical properties. For example, even at the same level of fracture stress (ca. 20 kPa), the dry solids retention ratio decreased markedly from 0.90 to 0.43 with a decrease in fracture strain from 53.7% to 25.4% (P < 0.05). For the starch hydrolysis of HCSs after gastric digestion, more than 70% of starch in the particles of all types of HCSs emptied did not undergo digestion. The starch hydrolysis of HCSs during small intestinal digestion was also influenced by their mechanical properties. Fracture strains of HCSs, rather than their fracture stress, affected starch digestibility in hydrogels. CONCLUSION The gastric disintegration, the gastric emptying, and the starch hydrolysis of HCSs are suppressed when fracture strain exceeded 30%. Even with the amount of nutritional components contained in hydrogels being the same, the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion behavior of HCSs depends on their mechanical properties. This behavior has the potential to be used in the design of processed foods with controlled bioaccessibility. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaitian Wang
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kozu
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Food Research, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | - Sosaku Ichikawa
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Lin X, Li Y, Fang Z, Li G, Liu Y, Qiu X. Strong Yet Tough Transparent Paper with Superb Foldability. Small 2024:e2400151. [PMID: 38558525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Transparent paper manufactured from wood fibers is emerging as a promising, cost-effective, and carbon-neutral alternatives to plastics. However, fully exploring their mechanical properties is one of the most pressing challenges. In this work, a strong yet tough transparent paper with superior folding endurance is prepared by rationally altering the native fiber structure. Microwave-assisted choline chloride/lactic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) pulping is first utilized to isolate wood fibers from spruce wood. During this process, the S1 layer within the fibers is partially disrupted, forming protruding microfibrils that play a crucial role in enhancing cellulose accessibility. Subsequently, carboxymethylation treatment is applied to yield uniformly swollen carboxymethylated wood fibers (CM fibers), which improves the interaction between CM fibers during papermaking. The as-prepared transparent paper not only shows a 90% light transmittance (550 nm) but also exhibits impressive mechanical properties, including a folding endurance of over 26 000, a tensile strength of 248.4 MPa, and a toughness of 15.6 MJ m-3. This work provides a promising route for manufacturing transparent paper with superior mechanical properties from wood fibers and can extend their use in areas normally dominated by high-performance nonrenewable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Abstract
Force-controlled release of small molecules offers great promise for the delivery of drugs and the release of healing or reporting agents in a medical or materials context1-3. In polymer mechanochemistry, polymers are used as actuators to stretch mechanosensitive molecules (mechanophores)4. This technique has enabled the release of molecular cargo by rearrangement, as a direct5,6 or indirect7-10 consequence of bond scission in a mechanophore, or by dissociation of cage11, supramolecular12 or metal complexes13,14, and even by 'flex activation'15,16. However, the systems described so far are limited in the diversity and/or quantity of the molecules released per stretching event1,2. This is due to the difficulty in iteratively activating scissile mechanophores, as the actuating polymers will dissociate after the first activation. Physical encapsulation strategies can be used to deliver a larger cargo load, but these are often subject to non-specific (that is, non-mechanical) release3. Here we show that a rotaxane (an interlocked molecule in which a macrocycle is trapped on a stoppered axle) acts as an efficient actuator to trigger the release of cargo molecules appended to its axle. The release of up to five cargo molecules per rotaxane actuator was demonstrated in solution, by ultrasonication, and in bulk, by compression, achieving a release efficiency of up to 71% and 30%, respectively, which places this rotaxane device among the most efficient release systems achieved so far1. We also demonstrate the release of three representative functional molecules (a drug, a fluorescent tag and an organocatalyst), and we anticipate that a large variety of cargo molecules could be released with this device. This rotaxane actuator provides a versatile platform for various force-controlled release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guillaume De Bo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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da Silva RAA, Trinca RB, Vilela HS, Braga RR. Composite Containing Calcium Phosphate Particles Functionalized with 10-MDP. J Dent Res 2024; 103:427-433. [PMID: 38284313 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231225459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The phosphate ester monomer 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) is capable of bonding to hydroxyapatite and, for this reason, is a key component of several self-etch adhesives. In this study, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate particles (DCPD; CaHPO4.2H2O) were functionalized with 10-MDP and used to formulate an experimental composite with 50 vol% inorganic content (3:1 DCPD:silanated barium glass ratio) dispersed in a BisGMA/TEGDMA matrix. The tested hypothesis was that DCPD functionalization would improve the composite's mechanical performance without compromising Ca2+ release. Composites containing nonfunctionalized DCPD or only reinforcing glass (in both cases, with or without 10-MDP mixed in the resin phase) were used as controls. Materials were tested for degree of conversion (DC; by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL; according to ISO 4049), biaxial flexural strength (BFS)/modulus (FM) after 24 h and 5 mo in water, and 28-d Ca2+ release in water (by plasma-coupled optical emission spectroscopy). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance/Tukey test (alpha: 5%). DCPD functionalization did not interfere with DC. The composite containing functionalized DCPD showed significantly lower WS and SL in comparison with the material formulated with nonfunctionalized particles. The presence of 10-MDP (as a functionalizing agent or dispersed in the resin phase) reduced the composite's initial BFS and FM. After 5 mo in water, the composite with functionalized DCPD and both glass-only composites were able to maintain their mechanical properties at levels statistically similar to what was observed after 24 h. Ca2+ release was significantly reduced in both formulations containing 10-MDP. In conclusion, DCPD functionalization with 10-MDP increased the composite's resistance to hydrolytic degradation, improving its mechanical stability after prolonged water storage. However, the impaired water transit at the particle-matrix interface led to a reduction in Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A A da Silva
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R B Trinca
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H S Vilela
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R R Braga
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Imani KBC, Dodda JM, Yoon J, Torres FG, Imran AB, Deen GR, Al‐Ansari R. Seamless Integration of Conducting Hydrogels in Daily Life: From Preparation to Wearable Application. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306784. [PMID: 38240470 PMCID: PMC10987148 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) have received significant attention for use in wearable devices because they retain their softness and flexibility while maintaining high conductivity. CHs are well suited for applications in skin-contact electronics and biomedical devices owing to their high biocompatibility and conformality. Although highly conductive hydrogels for smart wearable devices are extensively researched, a detailed summary of the outstanding results of CHs is required for a comprehensive understanding. In this review, the recent progress in the preparation and fabrication of CHs is summarized for smart wearable devices. Improvements in the mechanical, electrical, and functional properties of high-performance wearable devices are also discussed. Furthermore, recent examples of innovative and highly functional devices based on CHs that can be seamlessly integrated into daily lives are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Betha Cahaya Imani
- Graduate Department of Chemical MaterialsInstitute for Plastic Information and Energy MaterialsSustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research CenterPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jagan Mohan Dodda
- New Technologies – Research Centre (NTC)University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8Pilsen301 00Czech Republic
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Graduate Department of Chemical MaterialsInstitute for Plastic Information and Energy MaterialsSustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research CenterPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Fernando G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. Av. Universitaria 1801Lima15088Peru
| | - Abu Bin Imran
- Department of ChemistryBangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka1000Bangladesh
| | - G. Roshan Deen
- Materials for Medicine Research GroupSchool of MedicineThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen15503Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Renad Al‐Ansari
- Materials for Medicine Research GroupSchool of MedicineThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen15503Kingdom of Bahrain
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Li B, Liao G, Li Y, Yin H, Cui L, Cao K, Xie Z, Liu J, Liu Y. Investigation on the Correlation between Biaxial Stretching Process and Macroscopic Properties of BOPA6 Film. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:961. [PMID: 38611219 PMCID: PMC11013346 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biaxially oriented polyamide 6 (BOPA6) films were prepared by extrusion casting and biaxial stretching with polyamide 6. The effects of different biaxially oriented on the macroscopic properties of BOPA6 were investigated by characterizing the rheological, crystallization, optical, barrier and mechanical properties. The results show that the increase of stretching temperature leads to the diffusion and regular stacking rate of BOPA6 chain segments towards crystal nuclei increases, the relative crystallinity increases, reaching 27.87% at 180 °C, and the mechanical strength and optical performance decrease. Heat-induced crystallization promotes the transformation of β-crystals to α-crystals in BOPA6, resulting in a more perfect crystalline structure and enhancing oxygen barrier properties. BOPA6 chains are oriented, and strain-induced crystallization (SIC) occurs during the biaxial stretching. Further increasing the stretch ratio, the relative crystallinity increased to 30.34%. The machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD) tensile strength of BOPA6 (B-33) are nearly two times higher than the unstretched film, reaching 134.33 MPa and 155.28 MPa, respectively. In addition, the permeation decreases to 57.61 cc·mil/(m2 day), and the oxygen barrier performance has improved by nearly 30% compared to the sample B-22. BOPA6 has a high storage modulus at a high stretching rate (300%/s). Rapid chain relaxation would promote the molecular chain disorientation, destroy the entangled network of the molecular chain, and lead to a decrease in tensile strength, reducing to about 110 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guangkai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (L.C.); (K.C.); (Z.X.); (J.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (L.C.); (K.C.); (Z.X.); (J.L.)
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35
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Liu S, Han Y, Kong L, Wang G, Ye Z. Atomic force microscopy in disease-related studies: Exploring tissue and cell mechanics. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:660-684. [PMID: 38063315 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in human medicine, certain diseases remain challenging to promptly diagnose and treat. Hence, the imperative lies in the development of more exhaustive criteria and tools. Tissue and cellular mechanics exhibit distinctive traits in both normal and pathological states, suggesting that "force" represents a promising and distinctive target for disease diagnosis and treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) holds great promise as a prospective clinical medical device due to its capability to concurrently assess surface morphology and mechanical characteristics of biological specimens within a physiological setting. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the operational principles of AFM and diverse mechanical models, focusing on its applications in investigating tissue and cellular mechanics associated with prevalent diseases. The findings from these studies lay a solid groundwork for potential clinical implementations of AFM. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: By examining the surface morphology and assessing tissue and cellular mechanics of biological specimens in a physiological setting, AFM shows promise as a clinical device to diagnose and treat challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibo Han
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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Chai H, Russ J, Vardhaman S, Lim CH, Zhang Y. A Bilayer Method for Measuring Toughness and Strength of Dental Ceramics. J Dent Res 2024; 103:419-426. [PMID: 38410925 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231225445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing usage of ceramic materials in restorative dentistry necessitates a simple and effective method to evaluate flexural strength σF and fracture toughness KC. We propose a novel method to determine these quantities using a bilayer specimen composed of a brittle plate adhesively bonded onto a transparent polycarbonate substrate. When this bilayer structure is placed under spherical indentation, tunneling radial cracks initiate and propagate in the lower surface of the brittle layer. The failure analysis is based on previous theoretical relationships, which correlate σF with the indentation force P and layer thickness d, and KC with P and mean length of radial cracks. This work examines the accuracy and limitations of this approach using a wide range of contemporary dental ceramic materials. The effect of layer thickness, indenter radius, load level, and length and number of radial cracks are carefully examined. The accuracy of the predicted σF and KC is similar to those obtained with other concurrent test methods, such as biaxial flexure and 3-point bending (σF), and bending specimens with crack-initiation flaws (KC). The benefits of the present approach include treatment for small and thin plates, elimination of the need to introduce a precrack, and avoidance of dealing with local material nonlinearity effects for the KC measurements. Finally, the bilayer configuration resembles occlusal loading of a ceramic restoration (brittle layer) bonded to a posterior tooth (compliant substrate).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Russ
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Vardhaman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C H Lim
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lin G, Sha J, Zu Y, Dai J, Su C, Lv Z. Strengthening Mechanism and Damping Properties of SiC f/Al-Mg Composites Prepared by Combining Colloidal Dispersion with a Squeeze Melt Infiltration Process. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1600. [PMID: 38612113 PMCID: PMC11012593 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
SiC-fiber-reinforced Al-Mg matrix composites with different mass fractions of Mg were fabricated by combining colloidal dispersion with a squeeze melt infiltration process. The microstructure, mechanical and damping properties, and the corresponding mechanisms were investigated. Microstructure analyses found that SiCf/Al-Mg composites presented a homogeneous distribution of SiC fibers, and the relative density was higher than 97% when the mass fraction of Mg was less than 20%; the fiber-matrix interface bonded well, and no obvious reaction occurred at the interface. The SiCf/Al-10Mg composite exhibited the best flexural strength (372 MPa) and elastic modulus (161.7 GPa). The fracture strain of the composites decreased with an increase in the mass fraction of Mg. This could be attributed to the strengthened interfacial bonding due to the introduction of Mg. The damping capacity at RT increased dramatically with an increase in the strain when the strain amplitude was higher than 0.001%, which was better than the alloys with similar composition, demonstrating a positive effect of the SiC fiber on improving the damping capacity of composite; the damping capacity at a temperature beyond 200 °C indicated a monotonic increase tendency with the testing temperature. This could be attributed to the second phase, which formed more strong pinning points and increased the dislocation energy needed to break away from the strong pinning points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Jianjun Sha
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yufei Zu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Jixiang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Cheng Su
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Zhaozhao Lv
- School of Defence Science & Technology, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China;
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Sarika PR, Nancarrow P, Makkawi Y, Ibrahim TH. Preparation and Characterization of Date Palm Bio-Oil Modified Phenolic Foam. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:955. [PMID: 38611213 PMCID: PMC11013855 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the potential of biomass-derived date palm bio-oil as a partial substitute for phenol in the phenolic resin was evaluated. Date palm bio-oils derived from date palm were used for the partial substitution of phenol in the preparation of phenolic foam (PF) insulation materials. Date palm waste material was processed using pyrolysis at 525 °C to produce bio-oil rich in phenolic compounds. The bio-oil was used to partially replace phenol in the synthesis of phenolic resin, which was subsequently used to prepare foams. The resulting changes in the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the foams were studied. The substituted foams exhibited 93%, 181%, and 40% improvement in compressive strength with 10%, 15%, and 20% bio-oil substitution, respectively. Due to the incorporation of biomass waste material, the partial reduction in phenol uses, and the favorable properties, the date palm bio-oil substituted phenolic foams are considered more environmentally benign alternatives to traditional phenolic foams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Nancarrow
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (P.R.S.); (Y.M.); (T.H.I.)
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Han X, Li X, Liao B, Zhang Y, Xu L, Guo X, Zhang S. The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Selective Laser Melted AlCoFeNi Medium-Entropy Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1582. [PMID: 38612096 PMCID: PMC11012990 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A single body-centered cubic (BCC)-structured AlCoFeNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA) was prepared by the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The hardness of the as-built sample was around 32.5 HRC. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was around 1211 MPa, the yield strength (YS) was around 1023 MPa, and the elongation (El) was around 10.8%. A novel BCC + B2 + face-centered cubic (FCC) structure was formed after aging. With an increase in aging temperature and duration, the number of fine grains increased, and more precipitates were observed. After aging at 450 °C for 4 h, the formed complex polyphase structure significantly improved the mechanical properties. Its hardness, UTS, YS, and El were around 45.7 HRC, 1535 MPa, 1489 MPa, and 8.5%, respectively. The improvement in mechanical properties was mainly due to Hall-Petch strengthening, which was caused by fine grains, and precipitation strengthening, which was caused by an increase in precipitates after aging. Meanwhile, the FCC precipitates made the alloy have good toughness. The complex interaction of multiple strengthening mechanisms leads to a good combination of strength, hardness, and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Han
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bokai Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Youzhao Zhang
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Division, Hong Kong Productivity Council, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xingpeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
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Erjavec A, Volmajer Valh J, Hribernik S, Kraševac Glaser T, Fras Zemljič L, Vuherer T, Neral B, Brunčko M. Advance Analysis of the Obtained Recycled Materials from Used Disposable Surgical Masks. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:935. [PMID: 38611193 PMCID: PMC11013069 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased dramatically in recent years, not only because of the pandemic, but also because of stricter legislation in the field of Employee Protection. The increasing use of PPE, including disposable surgical masks (DSMs), is putting additional pressure on waste collectors. For this reason, it is necessary to find high-quality solutions for this type of waste. Mechanical recycling is still the most common type of recycling, but the recyclates are often classified as low-grade materials. For this reason, a detailed analysis of the recyclates is necessary. These data will help us to improve the properties and find the right end application that will increase the value of the materials. This work represents an extended analysis of the recyclates obtained from DSMs, manufactured from different polymers. Using surface and morphology tests, we have gained insights into the distribution of different polymers in polymer blends and their effects on mechanical and surface properties. It was found that the addition of ear loop material to the PP melt makes the material tougher. In the polymer blends obtained, PP and PA 6 form the surface (affects surface properties), while PU and PET are distributed mainly inside the injection-molded samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Erjavec
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova cesta 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.V.V.); (T.K.G.); (L.F.Z.); (T.V.); (B.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Julija Volmajer Valh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova cesta 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.V.V.); (T.K.G.); (L.F.Z.); (T.V.); (B.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Silvo Hribernik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Tjaša Kraševac Glaser
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova cesta 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.V.V.); (T.K.G.); (L.F.Z.); (T.V.); (B.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova cesta 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.V.V.); (T.K.G.); (L.F.Z.); (T.V.); (B.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Tomaž Vuherer
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova cesta 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.V.V.); (T.K.G.); (L.F.Z.); (T.V.); (B.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Branko Neral
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova cesta 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.V.V.); (T.K.G.); (L.F.Z.); (T.V.); (B.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Mihael Brunčko
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova cesta 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (J.V.V.); (T.K.G.); (L.F.Z.); (T.V.); (B.N.); (M.B.)
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Wang M, Yan L, Li X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wen K, Liu H, Xiong B. Influence of Zn Addition on the Aging Precipitate Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu-Li Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1562. [PMID: 38612077 PMCID: PMC11013012 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of Zn on the aging precipitates and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloys was investigated by Vickers hardness, tensile tests, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that the addition of Zn reduced the activation energy of the T1 phase and makes it easier to precipitate. The activation energy of the T1 phase, which was 107.02 ± 1.8 KJ/mol, 94.33 ± 1.7 KJ/mol, 90.33 ± 1.7 KJ/mol and 90.28 ± 1.6 KJ/mol for 0Zn, 0.4Zn, 0.8Zn and 1.2Zn alloy, respectively. The area number density of the T1 precipitate ranged from 97.0 ± 4.4 pcs/μm2 to 118.2 ± 2.8 pcs/μm2 as the Zn content increased from 0 to 1.2 wt.%. Consequently, the addition of Zn promoted the precipitation of the T1 phase. Therefore, the peak hardness and tensile strength of the alloy also increased with the increase in the Zn content, and the hardness of the alloy with Zn content of 1.2 wt.% increased by 16.5 ± 1.4 HV; meanwhile, the ultimate tensile strength increased by 46.5 ± 2.5 MPa. Therefore, the area number density of precipitates increased and improved the strength of the Zn-containing alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (H.L.); (B.X.)
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Lizhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (H.L.); (B.X.)
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (H.L.); (B.X.)
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (H.L.); (B.X.)
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (H.L.); (B.X.)
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Kai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (H.L.); (B.X.)
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (H.L.); (B.X.)
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Baiqing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (H.L.); (B.X.)
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
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Chen L, Li W, Hou X, Feng G. La-Doped Sm 2Zr 2O 7/PU-Coated Leather Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Performance. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1575. [PMID: 38612089 PMCID: PMC11012683 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Flexible La-doped Sm2Zr2O7/polyurethane (PU) coated leather composites were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method, with highly efficient photocatalytic degradation properties by coating the La-doped Sm2Zr2O7/PU emulsion onto the leather and drying it. The phase composition and optical properties of the as-prepared photocatalytic material were systematically characterized. The result revealed that La was doped in Sm2Zr2O7 successfully, and the prepared samples still possessed pyrochlore structure. The absorption edge of the prepared samples exhibited a red-shift with the increase in La doping, indicating that La doping could broaden the absorbance range of the La-doped Sm2Zr2O7 materials. The catalytic performance of La-doped Sm2Zr2O7/PU composite emulsion coating on the photocatalytic performance of leather was studied with Congo red solution as the target pollutant. The results showed that the best photocatalytic property was found in the 5% La-doped Sm2Zr2O7 nanomaterial at a concentration of 3 g/L. The resulting 5% La-doped Sm2Zr2O7 nanomaterial exhibited a high specific surface area of 73.5 m2/g. After 40 min of irradiation by a 450 W xenon lamp, the degradation rate of Congo red reached 93%. Moreover, after surface coating, the La-doped Sm2Zr2O7/PU coated leather composites showed obviously improved mechanical properties, as the tensile strength of La-doped Sm2Zr2O7/PU coated leather composites increased from 6.3 to 8.4 MPa. The as-prepared La-doped Sm2Zr2O7/PU coated leather composites with enhanced mechanical properties and highly efficient photocatalytic performance hold promising applications in the treatment of indoor volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliang Chen
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (L.C.); (X.H.)
- Chongqing Changan Global R&D Center, Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400023, China;
| | - Weiguo Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (L.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Xianbo Hou
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (L.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Gang Feng
- Chongqing Changan Global R&D Center, Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400023, China;
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Lü S, Yan Z, Pan Y, Li J, Wu S, Guo W. Enhancement of Strength-Ductility Synergy of Al-Li Cast Alloy via New Forming Processes and Sc Addition. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1558. [PMID: 38612074 PMCID: PMC11012585 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, concurrent enhancements in both strength and ductility of the Al-2Li-2Cu-0.5Mg-0.2Zr cast alloy (hereafter referred to as Al-Li) were achieved through an optimized forming process comprising ultrasonic treatment followed by squeeze casting, coupled with the incorporation of Sc. Initially, the variations in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Sc-free Al-Li cast alloy (i.e., alloy A) during various forming processes were investigated. The results revealed that the grain size in the UT+SC (ultrasonic treatment + squeeze casting) alloy was reduced by 76.3% and 57.7%, respectively, compared to those of the GC (gravity casting) or SC alloys. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in its compositional segregation and porosity reduction. After UT+SC, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation reached 235 MPa, 135 MPa, and 15%, respectively, which were 113.6%, 28.6%, and 1150% higher than those of the GC alloy. Subsequently, the Al-Li cast alloy containing 0.2 wt.% Sc (referred to as alloy B) exhibited even finer grains under the UT+SC process, resulting in simultaneous enhancements in its UTS, YS, and elongation. Interestingly, the product of ultimate tensile strength and elongation (i.e., UTS × EL) for both alloys reached 36 GPa•% and 42 GPa•%, respectively, which is much higher than that of other Al-Li cast alloys reported in the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianyu Li
- State Key Lab of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Shusen Wu
- State Key Lab of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.L.); (Z.Y.)
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Lee BJ, Yoo HM. Effects of Carbon Black on Mechanical Properties and Oil Resistance of Liquid Silicone Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:933. [PMID: 38611191 PMCID: PMC11013876 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) garners attention across a diverse range of industries owing to its commendable fluidity and heat resistance. Nonetheless, its mechanical strength and oil resistance fall short compared to other rubbers, necessitating enhancement through the incorporation of a suitable filler. This research focuses on reinforcing LSR using carbon black (CB) particles as a filler, evaluating the mechanical properties and oil resistance of neat LSR, and LSR containing up to 3 wt% of CB filler. CB was added in powder form to investigate its effect on LSR. When LSR was impregnated with oil, the deterioration of rubber was noticeably observed under high-temperature conditions compared to room-temperature conditions. Consequently, the mechanical properties and oil resistance, excluding the permanent compression reduction rate, tended to increase as the filling content of CB increased compared to the unfilled state. Notably, in the specimen with 2 wt% CB filler, the tensile modulus increased significantly by 48% and the deterioration rate was reduced by about 50% under accelerated deterioration conditions. Additionally, the swelling rate in oil decreased by around 14%. This validates a notable improvement in both mechanical properties and oil resistance. Based on the identified mechanism for properties enhancement in this study, CB/LSR composite is expected to have a wide range of applications in fields such as gaskets, oil seals, and flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeong-Min Yoo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH), Cheonan 31253, Republic of Korea;
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Yang F, Nie Y, Zhang H, Niu W, Shi Q, Ma J, Zheng L, Liang W. Hydrogen Embrittlement of 27Cr-4Mo-2Ni Super Ferritic Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1546. [PMID: 38612062 PMCID: PMC11012995 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The effect of hydrogen content on the deformation and fracture behavior of 27Cr-4Mo-2Ni super ferritic stainless steel (SFSS) was investigated in this study. It was shown that the plasticity and yield strength of SFSS were very susceptible to hydrogen content. The introduction of hydrogen led to a significant decrease in elongation and a concurrent increase in yield strength. Nevertheless, a critical threshold was identified in the elongation reduction, after which the elongation remained approximately constant even with more hydrogen introduced, while the yield strength exhibited a monotonic increase with increasing hydrogen content within the experimental range, attributed to the pinning effect of the hydrogen Cottrell atmosphere on dislocations. Furthermore, the hydrogen-charged SFSS shows an apparent drop in flow stress after upper yielding and a reduced work hardening rate during the subsequent plastic deformation. The more hydrogen is charged, the more the flow stress drops, and the lower the work hardening rate becomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (F.Y.)
| | - Yujin Nie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (F.Y.)
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (F.Y.)
| | - Weiqiang Niu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (F.Y.)
| | - Quanxin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (F.Y.)
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jinyao Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (F.Y.)
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Liuwei Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (F.Y.)
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (F.Y.)
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Wei L, Yao Z, Li H, Guo H, Li Y. Mechanical Properties of Aeolian Sand Concrete Made from Alkali-Treated Aeolian Sand and Zeolite Powder. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1537. [PMID: 38612051 PMCID: PMC11012441 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to promote the application of the excited zeolite powder (ZP)with aeolian sand powder (ASP) in the field of aeolian-sand concrete (ASC) production. This study utilises NaOH to treat composite cementitious materials containing aeolian sand and zeolite powders, which were used to replace 50% of the cement in aeolian-sand concrete (ASC). Production of alkali-inspired cement-based windswept concrete(AAZC).The mechanical properties of treated ASC considerably improved, especially when the NaOH dosage was 4% by mass. After curing this sample (denoted as AAZC-4) for 28 d, its compressive strength improved by 17.2%, and its split tensile increased by 16.3%. Potassium feldspar and montmorillonite in zeolite powder and SiO2 in the sand were decomposed by OH- and combined with other elements to generate various silicate gels and A-type potassium zeolite crystals inside the concrete. Microscopic examination showed that the gels and crystals intertwined to fill the pores, decreasing (increasing) the percentage of large (small) pores, thus optimising the pore structure. This substantially improved the mechanical properties of ASC. Freeze-thaw salt-intrusion tests showed that the extent of mass loss, degree of damage and loss of compressive strength of AAZC-4 were similar to those of ordinary concrete but were reduced by 36.8%, 19% and 52.1%, respectively, compared with those of ASC. Therefore, AAZC-4 has a sustainable working performance in chloride-ion permeable environments in cold and arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhanquan Yao
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China; (L.W.); (H.L.); (H.G.); (Y.L.)
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Farahmandnejad M, Alipour S, Nokhodchi A. Physical and mechanical properties of ocular thin films: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103964. [PMID: 38552779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The ocular thin film presents a potential solution for addressing challenges to ocular drug delivery. In this review, we summarise the findings of a comprehensive review analysing 336 formulations from 68 studies. We investigated the physical and mechanical properties of ocular thin films, categorised into natural polymer-based, synthetic polymer-based, and combined polymer films. The results showed that the type of polymers used impacted mucoadhesion force, moisture absorption:moisture loss ratio, pH, swelling index, and elongation percentage. Significant relationships were found between these properties within each subgroup. The results also highlighted the influence of plasticisers on elongation percentage, mucoadhesion force, swelling index, and moisture absorption:moisture loss ratio. These findings have implications for designing and optimising ocular drug formulations and selecting appropriate plasticisers to achieve formulations with the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Farahmandnejad
- Department of Drug & Food Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shohreh Alipour
- Department of Drug & Food Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Lupin Research Inc, Coral Springs, FL, USA.
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Saito R, Shagawa M, Sugimoto Y, Hirai T, Kato K, Sekine C, Yokota H, Hirabayashi R, Ishigaki T, Akuzawa H, Togashi R, Yamada Y, Osanami H, Edama M. Changes in the mechanical properties of the thigh and lower leg muscle-tendon units during the early follicular and early luteal phases. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1323598. [PMID: 38596640 PMCID: PMC11002163 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1323598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine changes in the muscle and tendon stiffness of the thigh and lower leg muscle-tendon units during the early follicular and early luteal phases, and check for possible relations between muscle and tendon stiffness in each phase. Methods The sample consisted of 15 female university students with regular menstrual cycles. The basal body temperature method, ovulation kit, and salivary estradiol concentration measurement were used to estimate the early follicular and early luteal phases. A portable digital palpation device measured muscle-tendon stiffness in the early follicular and early luteal phases. The measurement sites were the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), patellar tendon (PT), medial head of gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle, and Achilles tendon. Results No statistically significant differences in the thigh and lower leg muscle-tendon unit stiffness were seen between the early follicular and early luteal phases. Significant positive correlations were found between the stiffness of the RF and PT (r = 0.608, p = 0.016) and between the VM and PT (r = 0.737, p = 0.002) during the early luteal phase. Conclusion The present results suggest that the stiffness of leg muscle-tendon units of the anterior thigh and posterior lower leg do not change between the early follicular and early luteal phases and that tendons may be stiffer in those women who have stiffer anterior thigh muscles during the early luteal phase.
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Ding S, Yang T, Pang J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang Z. Study on the Preparation and Process Parameter-Mechanical Property Relationships of Carbon Fiber Fabric Reinforced Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:897. [PMID: 38611153 PMCID: PMC11013043 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber fabric-reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (CFF-PEEK) composites exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, and their flexibility and conformability make them a promising alternative to traditional prepregs. However, the formation of the CFF-PEEK composite is trapped in the high viscosity of PEEK, the smooth surface, and tightly interwoven bundles of CFF. It is more difficult for the resin to flow through the fibers of complex textile structures. Here, a simple film stacking method using the hot-pressing process of plain-woven CFF-PEEK thermoplastic composites is discussed. The uniform distribution of PEEK resin between each layer of CFF reduces the flow distance during the molding process, preventing defects in the composite material effectively. Four process parameters, including molding temperature (370, 385, 400, and 415 °C), molding pressure (1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 MPa), molding time (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 90 min), and pre-compaction process, are considered. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), tensile strength, and flexural strength of CFF/PEEK composites are evaluated to optimize the process parameters. Moreover, ultrasonic scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are employed to observe the formation quality and microscopic failure modes of CFF/PEEK composites, respectively. The ultimate process parameters are a molding temperature of 410 °C, molding pressure of 10 MPa, molding time of 60 min, and the need for the pre-compaction process. Under the best process parameters, the ILSS is 62.5 MPa, the flexural strength is 754.4 MPa, and the tensile strength is 796.1 MPa. This work provides valuable insight for studying the process parameters of fiber fabric-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites and revealing their impact on mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.D.); (T.Y.); (J.P.); (H.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.D.); (T.Y.); (J.P.); (H.Z.); (Z.J.)
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Ksiazek M, Łyp-Wrońska K. An HVOF-Sprayed (Cr 3C 2-NiCr+Co) Composite Coating on Ductile Cast Iron: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Scratch Resistance. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1484. [PMID: 38612000 PMCID: PMC11012888 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermally sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings have been shown to be effective in shielding important machinery and equipment components from wear in harsh, high-temperature conditions. In this investigation, the HVOF thermal spray coating technique was used to deposit Cr3C2-NiCr powder with 10% Co particles onto ductile cast iron. The effect of the Co particles on the mechanical, tribological, and microstructure characteristics of a Cr3C2-NiCr/ductile cast iron system was investigated. The microstructure analysis employed various techniques, including light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Scratch tests were applied to analyze the coating quality and adhesion. The coatings created using the HVOF spray method with Cr3C2-NiCr powders mixed with Co particles exhibited a dense structure containing large Co particles, partially melted, and very fine Cr3C2 particles embedded into the NiCr alloy matrix. Additionally, they possessed high hardness and excellent adhesion to the substrate. The results of bending strength tests were also presented, together with information on the coating's microhardness and fracture toughness. These included an analysis of the cracks and delamination in the Cr3C2-NiCr/ductile cast iron system. It was observed that the addition of Co particles significantly increased the resistance to cracking and wear behavior in the studied system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna Ksiazek
- Department of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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