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Rasmussen K, Bleeker EAJ, Baker J, Bouillard J, Fransman W, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Resch S, Sergent JA, Soeteman-Hernandez LG, Suarez-Merino B, Porcari A. A roadmap to strengthen standardisation efforts in risk governance of nanotechnology. NanoImpact 2023; 32:100483. [PMID: 37734653 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A roadmap was developed to strengthen standardisation activities for risk governance of nanotechnology. Its baseline is the available standardised and harmonised methods for nanotechnology developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In order to identify improvements and needs for new themes in standardisation work, an analysis of the state-of-the-art concepts and interpretations of risk governance of nanotechnology was performed. Eleven overall areas of action were identified, each including a subset of specific topics. Themes addressed include physical chemical characterisation, assessment of hazard, exposure, risk and socio-economic factors, as well as education & training and social dialogue. This has been visualised in a standardisation roadmap spanning a timeframe of ten years and including key outcomes and highlights of the analysis. Furthermore, the roadmap indicates potential areas of action for harmonisation and standardisation (H&S) for nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It also includes an evaluation of the current level (limited, moderate, intense) of ongoing H&S activities and indicates the time horizon for the different areas of action. As the identified areas differ in their state of development, the number and type of actions varied widely amongst the different actions towards achieving standardisation. Thus, priority areas were also identified. The overall objective of these actions is to strengthen risk governance towards a safe use of nanomaterials and nano-related products. Though not explicitly addressed, risk-based legislation and policies are supported via the proposed H&S actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Rasmussen
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Eric A J Bleeker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - James Baker
- Nanotechnology Industries Association, Avenue Tervueren 143, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Bouillard
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Wouter Fransman
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas A J Kuhlbusch
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1 - 25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Susanne Resch
- BioNanoNet, Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Steyrergasse 17 / EG, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jacques-Aurélien Sergent
- Solvay SA, Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Rue de Ransbeek 310, 1120 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lya G Soeteman-Hernandez
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea Porcari
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Industriale, Viale Gorizia 25C, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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2
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Sánchez Jiménez A, Puelles R, Perez-Fernandez M, Barruetabeña L, Jacobsen NR, Suarez-Merino B, Micheletti C, Manier N, Salieri B, Hischier R, Tsekovska R, Handzhiyski Y, Bouillard J, Oudart Y, Galea KS, Kelly S, Shandilya N, Goede H, Gomez-Cordon J, Jensen KA, van Tongeren M, Apostolova MD, Llopis IR. Safe(r) by design guidelines for the nanotechnology industry. NanoImpact 2022; 25:100385. [PMID: 35559891 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Expectations for safer and sustainable chemicals and products are growing to comply with the United Nations and European strategies for sustainability. The application of Safe(r) by Design (SbD) in nanotechnology implies an iterative process where functionality, human health and safety, environmental and economic impact and cost are assessed and balanced as early as possible in the innovation process and updated at each step. The EU H2020 NanoReg2 project was the first European project to implement SbD in six companies handling and/or manufacturing nanomaterials (NMs) and nano-enabled products (NEP). The results from this experience have been used to develop these guidelines on the practical application of SbD. The SbD approach foresees the identification, estimation, and reduction of human and environmental risks as early as possible in the development of a NM or NEP, and it is based on three pillars: (i) safer NMs and NEP; (ii) safer use and end of life and (iii) safer industrial production. The presented guidelines include a set of information and tools that will help deciding at each step of the innovation process whether to continue, apply SbD measures or carry out further tests to reduce uncertainty. It does not intend to be a prescriptive protocol where all suggested steps have to be followed to achieve a SbD NM/NEP or process. Rather, the guidelines are designed to identify risks at an early state and information to be considered to identify those risks. Each company adapts the approach to its specific needs and circumstances as company decisions influence the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Puelles
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Fernandez
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Leire Barruetabeña
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Park Alle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nicolas Manier
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550, France
| | - Beatrice Salieri
- TEMAS AG, 8048 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab (TSL), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roland Hischier
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab (TSL), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rositsa Tsekovska
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Handzhiyski
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jacques Bouillard
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550, France
| | - Yohan Oudart
- Nanomakers, 1 Rue de Clairefontaine, 78 120 Rambouillet, France
| | - Karen S Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sean Kelly
- Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA), Avenue Tervueren 143, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Henk Goede
- TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julio Gomez-Cordon
- Avanzare Innovación Tecnológica S.L., Av. Lentiscares, 4-6, 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Park Alle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PL,UK
| | - Margarita D Apostolova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Isabel Rodríguez Llopis
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain
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Salieri B, Barruetabeña L, Rodríguez-Llopis I, Jacobsen NR, Manier N, Trouiller B, Chapon V, Hadrup N, Jiménez AS, Micheletti C, Merino BS, Brignon JM, Bouillard J, Hischier R. Integrative approach in a safe by design context combining risk, life cycle and socio-economic assessment for safer and sustainable nanomaterials. NanoImpact 2021; 23:100335. [PMID: 35559836 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Moving towards safe and sustainable innovations is an international policy ambition. In the on-hand manuscript, a concept combining safe by design and sustainability was implemented through the integration of human and environmental risk assessment, life cycle assessment as well as an assessment of the economic viability. The result is a nested and iterative process in form of a decision tree that integrates these three elements in order to achieve sustainable, safe and competitive materials, products or services. This approach, embedded into the stage-gate-model for safe by design, allows to reduce the uncertainty related to the assessment of risks and impacts by improving the quality of the data collected along each stage. In the second part of the manuscript, the application is shown for a case study dealing with the application of nanoparticles for Li-Ion batteries. One of the general conclusions out of this case study is that data gaps are a key aspect in view of the reliability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Salieri
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; TEMAS Solutions GmbH, Lätterweg 5, 5212 Hausen, Switzerland.
| | - Leire Barruetabeña
- GAIKER-IK4 Technology Centre, Parque Tecnológico, Ed. 20248.170, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Alle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Manier
- INERIS, Parc Alata, BP 2, 60550 Vernueil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Alle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland Hischier
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Marcoulaki E, López de Ipiña JM, Vercauteren S, Bouillard J, Himly M, Lynch I, Witters H, Shandilya N, van Duuren-Stuurman B, Kunz V, Unger WES, Hodoroaba VD, Bard D, Evans G, Jensen KA, Pilou M, Viitanen AK, Bochon A, Duschl A, Geppert M, Persson K, Cotgreave I, Niga P, Gini M, Eleftheriadis K, Scalbi S, Caillard B, Arevalillo A, Frejafon E, Aguerre-Chariol O, Dulio V. Blueprint for a self-sustained European Centre for service provision in safe and sustainable innovation for nanotechnology. NanoImpact 2021; 23:100337. [PMID: 35559838 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coming years are expected to bring rapid changes in the nanotechnology regulatory landscape, with the establishment of a new framework for nano-risk governance, in silico approaches for characterisation and risk assessment of nanomaterials, and novel procedures for the early identification and management of nanomaterial risks. In this context, Safe(r)-by-Design (SbD) emerges as a powerful preventive approach to support the development of safe and sustainable (SSbD) nanotechnology-based products and processes throughout the life cycle. This paper summarises the work undertaken to develop a blueprint for the deployment and operation of a permanent European Centre of collaborating laboratories and research organisations supporting safe innovation in nanotechnologies. The proposed entity, referred to as "the Centre", will establish a 'one-stop shop' for nanosafety-related services and a central contact point for addressing stakeholder questions about nanosafety. Its operation will rely on significant business, legal and market knowledge, as well as other tools developed and acquired through the EU-funded EC4SafeNano project and subsequent ongoing activities. The proposed blueprint adopts a demand-driven service update scheme to allow the necessary vigilance and flexibility to identify opportunities and adjust its activities and services in the rapidly evolving regulatory and nano risk governance landscape. The proposed Centre will play a major role as a conduit to transfer scientific knowledge between the research and commercial laboratories or consultants able to provide high quality nanosafety services, and the end-users of such services (e.g., industry, SMEs, consultancy firms, and regulatory authorities). The Centre will harmonise service provision, and bring novel risk assessment and management approaches, e.g. in silico methodologies, closer to practice, notably through SbD/SSbD, and decisively support safe and sustainable innovation of industrial production in the nanotechnology industry according to the European Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie Marcoulaki
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", PO Box 60037, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Jesús M López de Ipiña
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, 01510 Miñano, Spain.
| | | | - Jacques Bouillard
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Rue Jacques Taffanel, Parc technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, 60550, France.
| | - Martin Himly
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Kapitelgasse 4/6, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK.
| | - Hilda Witters
- VITO NV, Health Unit, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Neeraj Shandilya
- TNO, Research group Risk Analysis for Products in Development (RAPID), Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Birgit van Duuren-Stuurman
- TNO, Research group Risk Analysis for Products in Development (RAPID), Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Valentin Kunz
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E S Unger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Delphine Bard
- Health & Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, UK.
| | - Gareth Evans
- Health & Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, UK.
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Center for the Work Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København, Denmark.
| | - Marika Pilou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", PO Box 60037, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Anna-Kaisa Viitanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland.
| | - Anthony Bochon
- JurisLab, Centre de droit privé, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. Roosevelt 50, CP 137, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Albert Duschl
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Kapitelgasse 4/6, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Mark Geppert
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Kapitelgasse 4/6, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Karin Persson
- RISE Surface, Process and Formulation, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- RISE Surface, Process and Formulation, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Petru Niga
- RISE Surface, Process and Formulation, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Gini
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", PO Box 60037, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | | | - Simona Scalbi
- ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo sostenibile, SSPT-USER-RISE, Via martiri di monte sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Bastien Caillard
- European Risk Management Institute (EU-VRi), Fangelsbachstr. 14, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Alfonso Arevalillo
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Area Anardi 5, 20730 Azpeitia, Spain.
| | - Emeric Frejafon
- BRGM, 3 av. Claude-Guillemin, BP 36009, 45100 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Olivier Aguerre-Chariol
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Rue Jacques Taffanel, Parc technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, 60550, France.
| | - Valeria Dulio
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Rue Jacques Taffanel, Parc technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, 60550, France.
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Giubilato E, Cazzagon V, Amorim MJB, Blosi M, Bouillard J, Bouwmeester H, Costa AL, Fadeel B, Fernandes TF, Fito C, Hauser M, Marcomini A, Nowack B, Pizzol L, Powell L, Prina-Mello A, Sarimveis H, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Semenzin E, Stahlmecke B, Stone V, Vignes A, Wilkins T, Zabeo A, Tran L, Hristozov D. Risk Management Framework for Nano-Biomaterials Used in Medical Devices and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4532. [PMID: 33066064 PMCID: PMC7601697 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The convergence of nanotechnology and biotechnology has led to substantial advancements in nano-biomaterials (NBMs) used in medical devices (MD) and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP). However, there are concerns that applications of NBMs for medical diagnostics, therapeutics and regenerative medicine could also pose health and/or environmental risks since the current understanding of their safety is incomplete. A scientific strategy is therefore needed to assess all risks emerging along the life cycles of these products. To address this need, an overarching risk management framework (RMF) for NBMs used in MD and ATMP is presented in this paper, as a result of a collaborative effort of a team of experts within the EU Project BIORIMA and with relevant inputs from external stakeholders. The framework, in line with current regulatory requirements, is designed according to state-of-the-art approaches to risk assessment and management of both nanomaterials and biomaterials. The collection/generation of data for NBMs safety assessment is based on innovative integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA). The framework can support stakeholders (e.g., manufacturers, regulators, consultants) in systematically assessing not only patient safety but also occupational (including healthcare workers) and environmental risks along the life cycle of MD and ATMP. The outputs of the framework enable the user to identify suitable safe(r)-by-design alternatives and/or risk management measures and to compare the risks of NBMs to their (clinical) benefits, based on efficacy, quality and cost criteria, in order to inform robust risk management decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (E.G.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Virginia Cazzagon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (E.G.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Mónica J. B. Amorim
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Magda Blosi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISTEC), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Jacques Bouillard
- Institut National de l’Environnement industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (J.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Anna Luisa Costa
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISTEC), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Teresa F. Fernandes
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Carlos Fito
- Instituto Tecnologico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logistica, 46980 Paterna-Valencia, Spain;
| | - Marina Hauser
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (M.H.); (B.N.)
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (E.G.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (M.H.); (B.N.)
| | - Lisa Pizzol
- GreenDecision Srl, Via delle Industrie, 21/8, 30175 Venice, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Leagh Powell
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (L.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland;
| | - Haralambos Sarimveis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (E.G.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (L.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Alexis Vignes
- Institut National de l’Environnement industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (J.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Terry Wilkins
- Nanomanufacturing Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Alex Zabeo
- GreenDecision Srl, Via delle Industrie, 21/8, 30175 Venice, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK;
| | - Danail Hristozov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (E.G.); (V.C.); (A.M.); (E.S.)
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6
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Vignes A, Krietsch A, Dufaud O, Santandréa A, Perrin L, Bouillard J. Course of explosion behaviour of metallic powders - From micron to nanosize. J Hazard Mater 2019; 379:120767. [PMID: 31276924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an overview about the explosion behaviour of metallic powders from micron to nanosize. Aluminium, magnesium, titanium, iron and zinc were considered and their explosion safety parameters were analysed as a function of their mean primary particle size either determined by BET measurements, particle size distribution. To depict the course of explosion behaviour for these metals, extensive literature review has been performed and additional experimental tests were also performed. Generally, decreasing the particle size in a metallic powder leads to a higher explosion severity. It appears that this statement is true till a critical diameter below which the explosion severity (pmax, dp/dtmax) decreases for all the considered powders. This critical size can be explained by theoretical considerations on the nature of thermal transfer in the flame, namely by analysing the Cassel model. Finally, semi-empirical models were also developed for aluminium to highlight the specific micrometre and nanometre behaviour and the influence of turbulence, particle burning time, diameter and concentration. The influence of these key parameters needs to be further assessed in a future work in order to better understand the mechanisms involved and to extend the scope to other powdered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vignes
- INERIS, Accidental Risks Division, Parc ALATA, BP 2, F-60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
| | - Arne Krietsch
- BAM, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division 2.1 Explosion Protection Gases and Dusts, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin
| | - Olivier Dufaud
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS-UL, 1 rue Granville, BP 20451, F-54001, Nancy, France
| | - Audrey Santandréa
- INERIS, Accidental Risks Division, Parc ALATA, BP 2, F-60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France; Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS-UL, 1 rue Granville, BP 20451, F-54001, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Perrin
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS-UL, 1 rue Granville, BP 20451, F-54001, Nancy, France
| | - Jacques Bouillard
- INERIS, Accidental Risks Division, Parc ALATA, BP 2, F-60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
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Mech A, Rasmussen K, Jantunen P, Aicher L, Alessandrelli M, Bernauer U, Bleeker EAJ, Bouillard J, Di Prospero Fanghella P, Draisci R, Dusinska M, Encheva G, Flament G, Haase A, Handzhiyski Y, Herzberg F, Huwyler J, Jacobsen NR, Jeliazkov V, Jeliazkova N, Nymark P, Grafström R, Oomen AG, Polci ML, Riebeling C, Sandström J, Shivachev B, Stateva S, Tanasescu S, Tsekovska R, Wallin H, Wilks MF, Zellmer S, Apostolova MD. Insights into possibilities for grouping and read-across for nanomaterials in EU chemicals legislation. Nanotoxicology 2018; 13:119-141. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1513092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mech
- Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, JRC, European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - K. Rasmussen
- Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, JRC, European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - P. Jantunen
- Directorate F – Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, JRC, European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - L. Aicher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - U. Bernauer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - E. A. J. Bleeker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - J. Bouillard
- Parc Technologique ALATA, INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - R. Draisci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, Roma, Italy
| | - M. Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU, Kjeller, Norway
| | - G. Encheva
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G. Flament
- Nanotechnology Industries Association, NIA, Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. Handzhiyski
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - F. Herzberg
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N. R. Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, NRCWE, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - P. Nymark
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, KI, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Toxicology Division, Misvik Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - R. Grafström
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, KI, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Toxicology Division, Misvik Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - A. G. Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - M. L. Polci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS, Roma, Italy
| | - C. Riebeling
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Sandström
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B. Shivachev
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S. Stateva
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S. Tanasescu
- Romanian Academy, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, IPC, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Tsekovska
- Institute of Molecular Biology – BAS, IMB-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - H. Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, STAMI, Gydas vei 8, Oslo, 0363, Norway
| | - M. F. Wilks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S. Zellmer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Saleh K, Moufarej Abou Jaoude MT, Morgeneyer M, Lefrancois E, Le Bihan O, Bouillard J. Dust generation from powders: A characterization test based on stirred fluidization. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bouillard J, Vignes A, Dufaud O, Perrin L, Thomas D. Ignition and explosion risks of nanopowders. J Hazard Mater 2010; 181:873-880. [PMID: 20591567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterization methods with regard to nanopowder flammability and explosivity are presented and illustrated for few nanopowders. Analytical models are developed in order to explain the dependency of the combustion times on the particle diameter. Experimental evidence shows that there exists, for carbonaceous and metallic materials, mainly two combustion regimes that are either kinetically controlled, for small size particles, or diffusion controlled, for large size particles. From the experimentally measured combustion data of those materials, the dependencies of the ignition temperature and the minimal explosive concentration (MEC) with regard to the particle size have been analyzed. We found that the two combustion regimes yield two different tendencies with respect to the particle size. Overall, it is found that as the particle size decreases, minimum ignition temperature (MIT) and minimum ignition energy (MIE) decrease, indicating higher potential inflammation and explosion risks for the use of nanopowders. By contrast, the minimal explosion concentration (MEC) did not show strong variations as the particle size decreases. Rather, a theoretical plateau is observed, which was experimentally confirmed. We also observed that carbon nanopowders exhibit a low propensity to explode while metallic nanopowders can be very reactive, thus delineating high potentials for explosion risks in manufacturing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bouillard
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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Guodong L, Dan S, Huilin L, Bouillard J, Yinghua B, Shuai W. Computations of Fluid Dynamics of a 50 MWe Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901103t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Guodong
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China, and INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Sun Dan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China, and INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Lu Huilin
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China, and INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Jacques Bouillard
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China, and INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Bai Yinghua
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China, and INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Wang Shuai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China, and INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
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Vignes A, Dufaud O, Perrin L, Thomas D, Bouillard J, Janès A, Vallières C. Thermal ignition and self-heating of carbon nanotubes: From thermokinetic study to process safety. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shuyan W, Xiang L, Huilin L, Bouillard J, Qiaoqun S, Shuai W. Simulations of flow behavior of fuel particles in a conceptual helium-cooled spout fluidized bed nuclear reactor. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yurong H, Guangbo Z, Bouillard J, Huilin L. Numerical Simulations of the Effect of Conical Dimension on the Hydrodynamic Behaviour in Spouted Beds. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450820104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Camarasa E, Meleiro L, Carvalho E, Domingues A, Maciel Filho R, Wild G, Poncin S, Midoux N, Bouillard J. A complete model for oxidation air-lift reactors. Comput Chem Eng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0098-1354(01)00637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Camarasa E, Carvalho E, Meleiro L, Maciel Filho R, Domingues A, Wild G, Poncin S, Midoux N, Bouillard J. Development of a complete model for an air-lift reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Carvalho E, Camarasa E, Meleiro L, Maciel Filho R, Domingues A, Vial C, Wild G, Poncin S, Midoux N, Bouillard J. Development of a hydrodynamic model for air-lift reactors. Braz J Chem Eng 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322000000400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bouillard J, Branger B. [Smoking in professional soccer players in France]. Rev Mal Respir 1998; 15:753-7. [PMID: 9923029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
An enquiry was conducted to determine the smoking habits of coaches and professional soccer players in the first and second division of the French championship in 1993 and 1994. The rate of response was 31% for coaches (36 responded) and 54% for players (257 responded). Among the coaches, 19% were smokers, 14% were ex-smokers and 67% were non-smokers; for players, the rates were 36%, 3% and 71% respectively. The percentage of smokers was higher in second division players (31%) than in first division players (20%). Forty percent smoked less than 6 cigarettes a day. Fifty-eight percent of the coaches and 39% of the players thought that smoking and sports were compatible. This study shows that even the highest level sports are not spared from the effect of smoking. Other reports of similar smoking habits have been reported in other sports in France. The image of athletes who smoke given by the media is in contradiction with the national French policy forbidding tobacco advertising in stadiums.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bouillard
- Service de Pneumologie Oncologie Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier, Saint-Nazaire
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Agard C, Nicolet-Akhavan F, Bouillard J, Sandron D. [Occupational asthma to metabisulfites . Three cases]. Rev Mal Respir 1998; 15:537-40. [PMID: 9805765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfites are compounds which are mainly used in the agricultural, food and pharmaceutical industry as preservatives. The possibility of manifestations of acute hypersensitivity appearing after the ingestion or inhalation of sulfites has already been described several times, over the past twenty years. Amongst these manifestations and indeed the one that is most often present is bronchospasm, which can sometimes be severe. A few cases of occupational intolerance through contact eczema to sulfites have also been published. The idea of occupational asthma to metabisulphates is, on the other hand, extremely recent; its legal recognition only dates back to 1989. The authors present three new cases of occupational asthma to metabisulphites stressing the value of a specific provocation test and the different hypotheses for the pathogenesis of the disorder are reviewed. Preventative measures are always preferable to avoid the development of severe occupational asthma. In all cases, notification of occupational asthma is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agard
- Service de Pneumologie-Oncologie-Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier, Saint-Nazaire
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine tumors are rare, with poor prognosis when not or poorly differentiated. EXEGESIS The authors report the case of a patient who presented with a metastatic poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that was resistant to chemotherapy. The different sites of the carcinoma were lung, pancreas, kidney and lymph nodes. The patient received no treatment and complete spontaneous remission appeared after 21 months. This remission has been lasting for five years. CONCLUSION It is the first case of spontaneous remission of a metastatic poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. The evolution and classical sites of neuroendocrine tumors are reviewed. Renal metastasis is also unusual. This report illustrates the fact that neuroendocrine tumors are heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agard
- Service de pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier, Saint-Nazaire, France
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Agard C, Guerzider P, Bouillard J, Déguiral P, Nomballais MF. Tumeur neuroendocrine métastatique d'évolution exceptionnelle. Rev Med Interne 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(97)80434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Branger B, de Cornulier M, Bouillard J, Lancelot L, Poulain C, Moison S, Berton I, Thiron C, Lebrigant H. [Asthma in primary school: survey in Saint-Nazaire and its region]. Arch Pediatr 1996; 3:397-8. [PMID: 8762969 DOI: 10.1016/0929-693x(96)84702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sandron D, Patra P, Lelann P, Bouillard J, Pioche D. Tuberculous pseudo-aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. Eur Respir J 1988. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.01060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A tuberculous pseudo-aneurysm of the thoracic descending aorta was found in a 57 year-old female with haemoptysis three months after successful chemotherapy for a miliary tuberculosis. After aortic angiography, the aneurysm was resected and the aorta was repaired with a Dacron prosthetic graft. The patient is doing well one year after the operation.
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Sandron D, Patra P, Lelann P, Bouillard J, Pioche D. Tuberculous pseudo-aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. Eur Respir J 1988; 1:565-7. [PMID: 2971566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A tuberculous pseudo-aneurysm of the thoracic descending aorta was found in a 57 year-old female with haemoptysis three months after successful chemotherapy for a miliary tuberculosis. After aortic angiography, the aneurysm was resected and the aorta was repaired with a Dacron prosthetic graft. The patient is doing well one year after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sandron
- Department of pulmonary disease, Saint-Nazaire Hospital, France
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Fabre C, Leclerc P, Atassi K, Bailly R, Baldeyrou P, Bordas J, Bouillard J, Kernec J, Lavandier M, Lemercier J. [Peripheral bronchopulmonary cancers. Diagnostic efficiency of fibroscopic samples. Prospective study on 561 patients]. Presse Med 1988; 17:369-72. [PMID: 2966366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this french multicentric study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of samples collected by fibroscopy in peripheral lung cancer with normal endoscopy. Five hundred and sixty-one patients entered the study; a tumour had been diagnosed in 350 of them (62 p. 100). Among these 350 patients, 147 were examined with the help of a light-amplifier screen, and a positive diagnosis was made in 97 (66 p. 100). Guided sample collection in the pathological area (biopsy, brushing, transcatheter aspiration) proved much more rewarding than unguided sample collection (biopsy of the bronchus, simple aspiration or cytology of 3-day sputum): 45 p. 100 positive results versus 18 p. 100 (P less than 0.001). However, sputum cytology still had good diagnostic value since it provided by itself the diagnosis in 14 p. 100 of the cases. Results were significantly inferior in tumours less than 3 cm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fabre
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre hospitalier général, Saint-Germain-en-Laye
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Floch T, Floch H, Bouillard J, Droumaguet Y, Le Calvez G. Septicémie à Aeromonas hydrophila hydrophila. Etude clinique et bactériologique chez une malade atteinte de pleurésie cancéreuse. Med Mal Infect 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(84)80205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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