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de Diego-Alonso C, Bellosta-López P, Hultqvist J, Vidaña-Moya L, Eklund M. Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Satisfaction With Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance in Spanish Stroke Survivors. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7803205050. [PMID: 38640087 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Stroke survivors experience changes in participation level, satisfaction with participation, and participation balance, making it necessary to have a validated tool for their assessment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Satisfaction With Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance (SDO-OB) in stroke survivors. DESIGN Psychometric study. SETTING National multicenter study (rehabilitation centers, and hospitals). PARTICIPANTS One hundred forty stroke survivors with and without a primary caregiver. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Participants completed the SDO-OB, the five-level version of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L), and the Activity Card Sort (ACS). Internal consistency, convergent validity, known-groups validity, and floor and ceiling effects were assessed. Intraobserver reliability was assessed 1 wk apart. RESULTS The internal consistency was acceptable; Cronbach's α = .80, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.75, 0.85]. A moderate correlation was found between the SDO-OB summed participation level and summed participation satisfaction (ρ = .53). Both SDO-OB summed scores correlated with ACS scores (0.25 < ρ < .61). However, only summed participation satisfaction scores correlated with the emotional component of the EQ-5D-5L (ρ = .32). The SDO-OB discriminated between groups with and without a caregiver (p = .001) and had no floor or ceiling effects (<7%). Good intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were obtained for summed participation level (ICC = .91; 95% CI [.85, .94]) and summed participation satisfaction (ICC = .86; 95% CI [.78, .92]). Standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were 0.7 and 1.9 points, respectively, for summed participation level and 4.5 and 12.4, respectively, for summed participation satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the SDO-OB presented good psychometric properties, making it a suitable instrument to address participation level, participation satisfaction, and participation balance in stroke survivors. Plain-Language Summary: After a stroke, survivors experience changes in their participation in daily activities and how satisfied they are with them. This study examined whether a tool called Satisfaction With Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance (SDO-OB) could provide reliable information about this. We looked at 140 stroke survivors from different places in Spain to see whether they had someone caring for them, how healthy they were, and how their participation in daily activities changed after stroke. We found that the SDO-OB is helpful for understanding a stroke survivor's situation and can identify areas needing intervention and track changes caused by intervention plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Diego-Alonso
- Cristina de Diego-Alonso, OT, PT, MSc, is Research and Teaching Staff, MOTUS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences Research, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Bellosta-López
- Pablo Bellosta-López, PT, PhD, is Research and Teaching Staff, MOTUS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jenny Hultqvist
- Jenny Hultqvist, OT, PhD, is Senior Lecturer, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Vidaña-Moya
- Laura Vidaña-Moya, OT, PhD, is Research and Teaching Staff, Research Group Occare, Escola Universitària d'Infermeria i Teràpia Ocupacional de Terrassa, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Mona Eklund
- Mona Eklund, OT, PhD, is Senior Professor, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Radomski MV, Anheluk M, Carroll G, Zola J. Purpose in Life as an Explicit Outcome of Occupational Therapy. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7803347010. [PMID: 38502315 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose in life is increasingly understood to be important to health and well-being. Despite occupational therapy's long history of using occupations to advance health and the linkage between a subclass of occupations and purpose in life, the term is nearly absent from the American Occupational Therapy Association's documents and the profession's empirical literature. We propose that the profession explicitly name purpose in life as among our intervention outcomes and address disruptions of purpose in life in practice. This can be accomplished by first investing in purpose in our own lives, discussing the topic with colleagues and students, identifying possible purpose disruptions in our clients, and using direct or indirect intervention approaches to help clients reconnect to purpose in their lives. By explicitly naming purpose in life as part of the domain of occupational therapy, we become poised to leverage human occupation to address both a broad societal gap and our clients' needs for a renewal of purpose in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Vining Radomski
- Mary Vining Radomski, PhD, OTR/L, is Senior Scientific Adviser, Courage Kenny Research, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN;
| | - Mattie Anheluk
- Mattie Anheluk, MOT, OTR/L, is Outpatient Occupational Therapist and Research Therapist, Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ginger Carroll
- Ginger Carroll, MS, OT, is Project Manager, Juniper, a program of Trellis, Arden Hills, MN
| | - Joette Zola
- Joette Zola, BS, OTR/L, is Outpatient Occupational Therapist and Research Therapist, Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute, Minneapolis, MN
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Albakri U, Smeets N, Kant IJ, Meertens R. Strategies that nurses working irregular night shifts use to improve sleep quality: A qualitative study among good and poor sleepers. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:2038-2050. [PMID: 37964484 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the sleep strategies that nurses working irregular night shifts use to improve their sleep quality, and to compare the strategies of good and poor sleepers to determine whether the differences between the two groups could provide insights into possible effective strategies. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study. METHODS The study was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020. Thirty-four nurses working irregular night shifts participated; 17 were classified as good sleepers and 17 as poor sleepers based on the Sleep-Wake Experience List, a validated self-report instrument that measures one's sleep quality. Interviews were conducted using open questions to explore strategies around the night-shift set. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. FINDINGS Both groups described similar and different strategies that help them work and sleep well during and after night shifts. However, good sleepers mentioned a greater number of strategies and seemed to have thought about them more than poor sleepers. The most common strategies were having a clear structure, being organized-especially regarding sleeping time-maintaining a daily routine and adjusting their sleep environment. CONCLUSION Healthcare institutions should consider offering education and training programs aimed at empowering nurses who work irregular night shifts. These programs should provide nurses with various sleep strategies to enhance their sleep quality and overall well-being. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION Nurses working irregular night shifts can possibly enhance their sleep quality by making personalized plans, for example, including a clear day structure, or an optimized sleep environment. IMPACT The study focused on how nurses working night shifts could possibly enhance their sleep quality. The findings highlight the importance of providing nurses with diverse sleep strategies to improve sleep quality, helping them to identify what works best for them and consistently apply these strategies. REPORTING METHOD The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Nurses working irregular night shifts at Maastricht University Medical Center in Maastricht, the Netherlands, who agreed to participate in the study, engaged in a discussion to assess the relevance of sleep quality to their work. They were also encouraged to share their perspectives during the interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthman Albakri
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Smeets
- Department Human Resources, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - IJmert Kant
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Ree Meertens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
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Dawod MS, Alswerki MN, Al-Takhaineh MA. Factors that influence medical students' decision to pursue a career in orthopaedics: a comprehensive analysis. Int Orthop 2024; 48:1139-1147. [PMID: 38436709 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-024-06132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selecting a postgraduate medical or surgical specialty is a significant decision for medical students, influenced by factors such as demographics, academic performance, satisfaction, work environments, personal aspirations, passion for a specific specialty, exposure to different fields during medical education, lifestyle considerations, financial factors, job market conditions, and prospects. Our research focused on orthopaedic surgery, a highly competitive specialty with many applicants and a low acceptance rate. We aimed to investigate the factors that contribute to the sustained interest in this specialty despite the challenges of securing a residency position. Hence, this study aims to examine the potential factors that influence students' decision to pursue a career as an orthopaedic surgeon. METHODS This cross-sectional study explores the perspectives and attitudes of 211 fifth-year medical students towards orthopaedic surgery after completing their clinical rotation at Mutah University's School of Medicine in 2022. The inclusion criteria for the study were limited to fifth-year medical students who successfully finished the orthopaedic rotation. A questionnaire was employed to evaluate students' firm commitment to orthopaedics as a prospective career and the degree of their current interest in the specialty. RESULTS The study involved 210 participants, with 99 selecting orthopaedics as their specialty and 111 pursuing alternatives. Furthermore, 41.4% expressed the intention to apply for orthopaedic residencies. Factors impacting orthopaedics selection included family/peer input (p = 0.002), prestige (p = 0.002), research prospects (p = 0.005), leadership potential (p = 0.011). Chi-square analysis showed associations between choosing orthopaedics and male gender (p = 0.028), parental occupation in musculoskeletal fields (p = 0.038), and elective rotations (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION This study examines the factors that influence medical students' career preferences in orthopaedic surgery, highlighting the significance of familial and peer influences, job prestige perceptions, gender considerations, parental involvement, elective rotations, research and teaching potential assessments, and aspirations for leadership roles. These findings reveal the complex array of factors that guide medical students toward orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh'd S Dawod
- Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-karak, Jordan
| | - Mohammad N Alswerki
- Department of Orthopedics, Jordan University Hospital, P.O. Box: 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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Kanbar R, Saad AH, Btaiche IF. An elective course on career opportunities for pharmacy students. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2024; 16:363-369. [PMID: 38458839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is limited literature describing the outcomes of formal career guidance in pharmacy programs. This study assessed the course outcomes including students' satisfaction, achievement of the learning objectives and scoring on assignments. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING A 1-credit elective course aims at providing second- and third-year professional pharmacy students (P2 and P3) to career guidance. The main topics address career planning and paths, communication skills, personal and professional development, leadership and entrepreneurship. Included are written assignments, oral group presentations and mock interviews. FINDINGS Data on 303 students, including 279 P2 and 24 P3, between 2012 and 2021 were analyzed using course evaluations, direct assessment and scoring. Average evaluations ratings were consistently above 4 on a 5-point scale including the clarity of the course policies and procedures (4.61) and its objectives and requirements (4.59), organization (4.58), instructors' simulated questions, responses, discussion and openness to other viewpoints (4.57) and quality (4.5). Students found the experience to be interesting and relevant to pharmacy practice. All students scored above 70% on the course assignments. DISCUSSION Students were satisfied with the course and gave high ratings to the course content, delivery and in meeting its learning objectives. They scored high on the different course assignments. These findings are similar to the results of other studies reporting students' satisfaction with career guidance. SUMMARY The career opportunities course is popular among pharmacy students who consistently reported their satisfaction with its content, design and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Kanbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Lebanon, Byblos Campus, P.O. Box 36, Lebanon.
| | - Aline H Saad
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Eugene Appelbaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America.
| | - Imad F Btaiche
- Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Lebanon, Byblos Campus, P.O. Box 36, Lebanon.
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Prescott-Clements L. Veterinary clinical careers pathway stakeholder events. Vet Rec 2024; 194:314. [PMID: 38639247 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
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Lee S, Lee Y, Park KM. Performance feedback and obsessive passion: The moderating role of human capital. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302180. [PMID: 38635568 PMCID: PMC11025744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the behavioral theory of the firm, we research how performance feedback influences the formation of CEOs' passion. We articulate that previous performance directly increases CEOs' passion. Specifically, positive affective outcomes (performance above aspiration-level) advance CEOs' positive feelings and motivation toward the domains of success (obsessive passion). For instance, when a firm accomplishes performance objectives, such as reaching sales goals, CEOs' positive feelings toward developing current products would be boosted. Moreover, negative affective outcomes (performance below aspiration-level) would also positively impact CEOs' passion since the CEOs would endeavor to reduce the difference between performance and their aspiration-level. As such, performance feedback is a critical antecedent of CEOs' obsessive passion. In addition, we apply human capital as a moderator between performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion. Results based on multiphase survey data from 189 CEOs of Korean small- and medium-sized enterprises indicate that both positive and negative performance feedback positively increase CEOs' obsessive passion. Moreover, human capital negatively moderates the relationship between positive performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion and positively moderates the relationship between negative performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggeun Lee
- Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Younggeun Lee
- College of Business and Economics, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Yan Y, Leung A, Burke M, McBroom J. Understanding and including 'pink-collar' workers in employment-based travel demand models. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301001. [PMID: 38635783 PMCID: PMC11025955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The segmentation of commuters into either blue or white-collar workers remains is still common in urban transport models. Internationally, models have started to use more elaborate segmentations, more reflective of changes in labour markets, such as increased female participation. Finding appropriate labour market segmentations for commute trip modelling remains a challenge. This paper harnesses a data-driven approach using unsupervised clustering-applied to 2017-20 South East Queensland Travel Survey (SEQTS) data. Commuter types are grouped by occupational, industry, and socio-demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, household size, household vehicle ownership and worker skill score). The results show that at a large number of clusters (i.e., k = 8) a highly distinct set of commuter types can be observed. But model run times tend to require a much smaller number of market segments. When only three clusters are formed (k = 3) a market segmentation emerges with one female-dominated type ('pink collar'), one male-dominated type ('blue collar') and one with both genders almost equally involved ('white collar'). There are nuances as to which workers are included in each segment, and differences in travel behaviours across the three types. 'Pink collar' workers are mostly comprised of female clerical and administrative workers, community and personal service workers and sales workers. They have the shortest median commutes for both private motorised and active transport modes. The approach and methods should assist transport planners to derive more accurate and robust market segmentations for use in large urban transport models, and, better predict the value of alternative transport projects and policies for all types of commuters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Yan
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Abraham Leung
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Burke
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James McBroom
- School of School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Gligorić V, van Kleef GA, Rutjens BT. How social evaluations shape trust in 45 types of scientists. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299621. [PMID: 38635582 PMCID: PMC11025804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Science can offer solutions to a wide range of societal problems. Key to capitalizing on such solutions is the public's trust and willingness to grant influence to scientists in shaping policy. However, previous research on determinants of trust is limited and does not factor in the diversity of scientific occupations. The present study (N = 2,780; U.S. participants) investigated how four well-established dimensions of social evaluations (competence, assertiveness, morality, warmth) shape trust in 45 types of scientists (from agronomists to zoologists). Trust in most scientists was relatively high but varied considerably across occupations. Perceptions of morality and competence emerged as the most important antecedents of trust, in turn predicting the willingness to grant scientists influence in managing societal problems. Importantly, the contribution of morality (but not competence) varied across occupations: Morality was most strongly associated with trust in scientists who work on contentious and polarized issues (e.g., climatologists). Therefore, the diversity of scientific occupations must be taken into account to more precisely map trust, which is important for understanding when scientific solutions find their way to policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vukašin Gligorić
- Departement of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben A. van Kleef
- Departement of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T. Rutjens
- Departement of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stewart M, Andrieux E, Blinkhorn J, Guagnin M, Fernandes R, Vanwezer N, Hatton A, Alqahtani M, Zalmout I, Clark-Wilson R, Al-Mufarreh YSA, Al-Shanti M, Zahrani B, Al Omari A, Al-Jibreen F, Alsharekh AM, Scerri EML, Boivin N, Petraglia MD, Groucutt HS. First evidence for human occupation of a lava tube in Arabia: The archaeology of Umm Jirsan Cave and its surroundings, northern Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299292. [PMID: 38630666 PMCID: PMC11023468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in interdisciplinary archaeological research in Arabia have focused on the evolution and historical development of regional human populations as well as the diverse patterns of cultural change, migration, and adaptations to environmental fluctuations. Obtaining a comprehensive understanding of cultural developments such as the emergence and lifeways of Neolithic groups has been hindered by the limited preservation of stratified archaeological assemblages and organic remains, a common challenge in arid environments. Underground settings like caves and lava tubes, which are prevalent in Arabia but which have seen limited scientific exploration, offer promising opportunities for addressing these issues. Here, we report on an archaeological excavation and a related survey at and around Umm Jirsan lava tube in the Harrat Khaybar, north-western Saudi Arabia. Our results reveal repeated phases of human occupation of the site ranging from at least the Neolithic through to the Chalcolithic/Bronze Age. Pastoralist use of the lava tube and surrounding landscape is attested in rock art and faunal records, suggesting that Umm Jirsan was situated along a pastoral route linking key oases. Isotopic data indicates that herbivores primarily grazed on wild grasses and shrubs rather than being provided with fodder, while humans had a diet consistently high in protein but with increasing consumption of C3 plants through-time, perhaps related to the emergence of oasis agriculture. While underground and naturally sheltered localities are globally prominent in archaeology and Quaternary science, our work represents the first such combined records for Saudi Arabia and highlight the potential for interdisciplinary studies in caves and lava tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Stewart
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Extreme Events Research Group, the Max Planck Institutes of Geoanthropology, Chemical Ecology, and Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Eric Andrieux
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - James Blinkhorn
- Human Palaeosystems Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Guagnin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Bioarchaeology, Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Warszaw, Poland
- Arne Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Climate Change and History Research Initiative, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nils Vanwezer
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Amy Hatton
- Extreme Events Research Group, the Max Planck Institutes of Geoanthropology, Chemical Ecology, and Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mesfer Alqahtani
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Iyad Zalmout
- Palaeontology Division, Directorate of Geological Survey, Survey and Exploration Centre, Saudi Geological Survey, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Museum of Palaeontology, Research Museum Centre, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Richard Clark-Wilson
- Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mahmoud Al-Shanti
- Geotourism Department, Saudi Geological Survey, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Zahrani
- Heritage Commission, Ministry of Culture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abdullah M. Alsharekh
- Department of Archaeology, College of Tourism and Archaeology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eleanor M. L. Scerri
- Human Palaeosystems Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Griffith Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael D. Petraglia
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Human Origins Program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Huw S. Groucutt
- Extreme Events Research Group, the Max Planck Institutes of Geoanthropology, Chemical Ecology, and Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Iskandar IYK, Gawkrodger DJ, Gittins M, Byrne L, Carder M, van Tongeren M. Trends in occupational and work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK: findings from The Health and Occupation Research network 1996-2019. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:751-757. [PMID: 38061005 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to metals such as nickel, chromium and cobalt can be associated with contact dermatitis, which can adversely affect an individual's health, finances and employment. Despite this, little is known about the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis over prolonged periods of time. OBJECTIVES To investigate the medically reported trends in the incidence of work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK. METHODS Incidence and trends in cases of occupational contact dermatitis caused by nickel, chromium or cobalt between 1996 and 2019 (inclusive), reported to the EPIDERM surveillance scheme, were investigated and compared with trends in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to agents other than the aforementioned metals. A sensitivity analysis restricting the study cohort to cases attributed to only one type of metal was also conducted. RESULTS Of all cases reported to EPIDERM during the study period, 2374 (12%) were attributed to nickel, chromium or cobalt. Cases predominantly comprised females (59%), with a mean (SD) age (males and females) of 38 (13) years. Cases were most frequently reported in manufacturing, construction, and human health and social activity industries. The most frequently reported occupations were hairdressing, and sales and retail (assistants, cashiers and checkout operators). The highest annual incidence rate of contact dermatitis was observed in females (2.60 per 100 000 persons employed per year), with the first and second peak seen in those aged 16-24 and ≥ 65 years, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to metals over the study period was observed for all occupations (annual average change -6.9%, 95% confidence interval -7.8 to -5.9), with much of the decrease occurring between 1996 and 2007. Similar findings were obtained in the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Over a period of 24 years, there has been a statistically significant decline in the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis in the UK. This could be attributed not only to improvements in working conditions, which have reduced metal exposure, but could also be due to the closure of industries in the UK that might have generated cases of contact dermatitis owing to metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireny Y K Iskandar
- Drug Usage and Pharmacy Practice Group, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Gawkrodger
- Department of Infection, Immunology and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew Gittins
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Byrne
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Melanie Carder
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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12
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UK trends in work-related contact dermatitis caused by nickel, chromium and cobalt. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:e59. [PMID: 38630925 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
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13
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Sritharan J, Arrandale VH, Kirkham TL, Dakouo M, MacLeod JS, Demers PA. Risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a large cohort of Ontario, Canada workers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8756. [PMID: 38627517 PMCID: PMC11021393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Although several occupational exposures have been linked to the risk of COPD; limited data exists on sex-specific differences. This study aimed to identify at-risk occupations and sex differences for COPD risk. Cases were identified in a large surveillance system established through the linkage of former compensation claimants' data (non-COPD claims) to physician visits, ambulatory care data, and hospital inpatient data (1983-2020). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for occupation groups (occupation at time of claim), stratified by sex. HRs were indirectly adjusted for cigarette smoking using another population dataset. A total of 29,445 male and 14,693 female incident cases of COPD were identified. Increased risks were observed in both sexes for construction (HRmale 1.15, 95% CI 1.12-1.19; HRfemale 1.54, 95% CI 1.29-1.83) transport/equipment operating (HRmale 1.32, 95% CI 1.28-1.37; HRfemale 1.53, 95% CI 1.40-1.68) farming (HRmale 1.23, 95% CI 1.15-1.32; HRfemale 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.37) and janitors/cleaners (HRmale 1.31, 95% CI 1.24-1.37; HRfemale 1.40, 95% CI 1.31-1.49). Increased risks were observed for females employed as chefs and cooks (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.31-1.58), bartenders (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.81), and those working in food/beverage preparation (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24-1.45) among other occupations. This study demonstrates elevated risk of COPD among both male and female workers potentially exposed to vapours, gases, dusts, and fumes, highlighting the need for occupational surveillance of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeavana Sritharan
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Victoria H Arrandale
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tracy L Kirkham
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mamadou Dakouo
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Jill S MacLeod
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
| | - Paul A Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, 525 University Avenue, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Andersen LP, Jaspers S, Andersen D, Karlsen I, Aust B. A participatory and comprehensive intervention to improve violence prevention in two high-risk occupations: effect and process evaluation of a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1043. [PMID: 38622564 PMCID: PMC11017600 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related violence committed by clients, patients, and customers represents a major occupational health risk for employees that needs to be reduced. METHODS We tested a comprehensive violence prevention intervention involving active participation of both employees and managers in the Prison and Probation Service (PPS) and on psychiatric wards in Denmark. We used a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial design. We measured the degree of implementation of the intervention by registration of fidelity, reach, and dose and used a mixed-effects regression analysis to estimate the effects of the intervention. RESULTS We recruited 16 work units for the intervention, but three work units dropped out. The average implementation rate was 73%. In the psychiatric wards, the intervention led to statistically significant improvements in the primary outcome (an increase in the degree to which managers and employees continuously work on violence prevention practices based on their registration and experiences), but none statistically significant improvements in any of the secondary outcomes. In the PPS units, the intervention did not lead to a statistically significant improvement in the primary outcome, but to statistically significant improvements in three secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION Most work units were able to carry out the intervention as planned. The intervention showed mixed results regarding the primary outcome. Nevertheless, the results indicate improvements also in the sector where a change in the primary outcome was not achieved. The results point at that a participatory and comprehensive approach could be a viable way of working with violence prevention in high-risk workplaces. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN86993466: 20/12/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Peter Andersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Goedstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
| | - S Jaspers
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - D Andersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Goedstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - I Karlsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - B Aust
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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15
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Lopez-Doriga Ruiz P, Tapia G, Bakken IJ, Håberg SE, Gulseth HL, Skrivarhaug T, Joner G, Stene LC. Parental education and occupation in relation to childhood type 1 diabetes: nationwide cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:319-325. [PMID: 38302277 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BackgroundSocioeconomic status in the risk of developing type 1 diabetes seems inconsistent. We investigated whether risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes differed by parental education or occupation in a nationwide cohort. METHODS This cohort study included all children born in Norway from 1974 to 2013. In individually linked data from nationwide population registries following children born in Norway up to 15 years of age, we identified 4647 with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes during 15 381 923 person-years of follow-up. RESULTS Children of mothers with a master's degree had lower risk of type 1 diabetes than children of mothers with completed upper secondary education only (adjusted incidence rate ratio, aIRR=0.82 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.95). There was no difference between upper secondary and lower secondary maternal education (aIRR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.08). Paternal education was not significantly associated with type 1 diabetes, lower secondary compared with upper secondary aIRR 0.96 (0.88-1.05) and master compared with upper secondary aIRR 0.93 (0.83-1.05). While maternal elementary occupation was associated with a lower risk of type 1 diabetes, specific maternal or paternal occupations were not. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested inverse U-shaped associations between maternal socioeconomic status and risk of type 1 diabetes. Non-linear associations may be part of the reason why previous literature has been inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - German Tapia
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger J Bakken
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne L Gulseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torild Skrivarhaug
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Joner
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars C Stene
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Sandström N, Leppälä E, Jekunen A, Johansson M, Andersén H. Role of patient characteristics in adherence to first-line treatment guidelines in breast, lung and prostate cancer: insights from the Nordic healthcare system. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084689. [PMID: 38589254 PMCID: PMC11015323 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the influence of socioeconomic status, health literacy, and numeracy on treatment decisions and the occurrence of adverse events in patients with breast, lung, and prostate cancer within a Nordic healthcare setting. DESIGN A follow-up to a cross-sectional, mixed-methods, single-centre study. SETTING A Nordic, tertiary cancer clinic. PARTICIPANTS A total of 244 participants with breast, lung and prostate cancer were initially identified, of which 138 first-line treatment participants were eligible for this study. First-line treatment participants (n=138) surpassed the expected cases (n=108). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable as this was an observational study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The study's primary endpoint was the rate of guideline adherence. The secondary endpoint involved assessing treatment toxicity in the form of adverse events. RESULTS Guideline-adherent treatment was observed in 114 (82.6%) cases. First-line treatment selection appeared uninfluenced by participants' education, occupation, income or self-reported health literacy. A minority (3.6%) experienced difficulties following treatment instructions, primarily with oral cancer medications. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated lesser cancer health disparities regarding guideline adherence and treatment toxicity within the Nordic healthcare framework. A causal connection may not be established; however, the findings contribute to discourse on equitable cancer health provision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antti Jekunen
- Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
- Oncology, University of Turku Faculty of Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention Oncology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Heidi Andersén
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
- Oncology, University of Turku Faculty of Medicine, Turku, Finland
- Respiratory Medicine, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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17
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Campos LA, Szwako J. [United in difference: on the vocation of Brazilian sociology at the Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro, 1973-1977]. Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 2024; 31:e2024008. [PMID: 38597566 PMCID: PMC11000574 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702024000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This article investigates the first generation (1973-1977) of researchers trained in the Graduate Program in Sociology at the Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro (IUPERJ). While IUPERJ is known as the birthplace of modern Brazilian political science, sociology there is less well known. Using documentary resources, interviews, and the secondary literature, we take a nuanced look at this generation, which has been described as both excessively heterogeneous and less original in comparison to political science at IUPERJ. For them, theoretical and methodological specialization was seen as central to a political sociology that sought responses to the demands of a society at the crossroads between modernization and redemocratization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Campos
- Professor, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia/Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos/Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil
| | - José Szwako
- Professor, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia/Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos/Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil
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18
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Fioritti A, Jònasson H, de Winter L, Van Audenhove C, van Weeghel J. Mental health and work: a European perspective. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 33:e20. [PMID: 38576243 PMCID: PMC11022246 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796024000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the many social determinants of health and mental health, employment and work are getting momentum in the European political agenda. On 30-31 January 2024, a 'High-level Conference on Mental Health and Work' was held in Brussels on the initiative of the rotating Belgian Presidency of the European Union. It addressed the issue developing two different perspectives: (1) preventing the onset of poor mental health conditions or of physical and mental disorders linked to working conditions (primary prevention); (2) create an inclusive labour market that welcomes and supports all disadvantaged categories who are at high risk of exclusion (secondary and tertiary prevention). In the latter perspective, the Authors were involved in a session focused on 'returning to work' for people with mental disorders and other psychosocial disadvantages, with particular reference to Individual Placement and Support as a priority intervention already implemented in various European nations. The themes of the Brussels Conference will be further developed during the next European Union legislature, with the aim of approving in 4-5 years a binding directive for member states on Mental Health and Work, as it is considered a crucial issue for economic growth, social cohesion and overall stability of the European way of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chantal Van Audenhove
- Center for Care Research and Consultancy, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaap van Weeghel
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- MIND Netherlands, The National Organization for Mental Health Information, Support and Advocacy, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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19
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Yan Q, Hou X, Zhang T, Yin H, Han B, Ma C, Wang Y, Chen H, Wen J, Huang Y, Jiang R, Liu Z, Xu G. Prevalence and correlates of mental health problems among different occupations of medical workers during COVID-19 outbreak in China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1353608. [PMID: 38638468 PMCID: PMC11024349 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1353608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Health workers involved in the fight to prevent the COVID-19 outbreak were exposed to hazards. Detailed information on mental health problems in different medical occupations is crucial. To examined the prevalence of mental health issues in three medical occupations as well as the relationships between mental health problems and correlates in each occupation. Methods This study utilizing the Questionnaire Star program was conducted among medical workers working at medical institutions in China from February 17 to 24, 2020. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess mental health problems. Results The prevalence of any mental health problems in the three occupations was 43.6, 34.6, and 32.9% for nurses, paramedical workers (PMWs), and doctors, respectively. Three occupations shared some correlates, such as being overworked, not having enough time to rest, support from colleagues, and previous mental health status. There were specific factors for each occupation. For doctors, age, educational level, living status, support from family, and previous physical status were related factors in mental health problems. Working in a designated hospital for treating COVID-19, having COVID-19 event exposures, and receiving support from family were associated with the mental health problems of the nurses. PMWs' mental health problems was linked to educational level and care from supervisors or heads of department. Conclusion Different medical occupations have distinct impacts on mental health issues. Policy makers and mental health professionals working to prepare for potential disease outbreaks should be aware of multiple factors in different occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Yan
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Yin
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Han
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongmeng Jiang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Xu
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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20
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Nakayama JY, Van Dyke ME, Quinn TD, Whitfield GP. Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Occupation Activity Level, National Health Interview Survey-United States, 2020. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:375-383. [PMID: 38423004 PMCID: PMC10965361 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity for any purpose counts toward meeting Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG). However, national surveillance systems traditionally focus on leisure-time physical activity. There is an incomplete understanding of the association between meeting PAG in leisure time and occupation activity level among US workers. METHODS We used cross-sectional 2020 National Health Interview Survey data to examine US adults aged 18-64 years who worked the week before the survey (n = 14,814). We estimated the proportion meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening PAG in leisure time by occupation activity level (low, intermediate, and high). Using logistic regression, we examined the association between meeting PAG in leisure time and occupation activity level, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and stratified by hours worked. We compared the sociodemographic characteristics of adults working ≥40 hours (the previous week) in high-activity occupations to those in low- or intermediate-activity occupations. RESULTS Adults working in high-activity occupations were less likely to meet PAG in leisure time (26.1% [24.3-28.1]) versus those in low-activity (30.6% [29.1-32.2], P < .01) or intermediate-activity (32.4% [30.8-34.2]) occupations. In stratified, adjusted models, adults working ≥40 hours in low- and intermediate-activity occupations were 13% and 20%, respectively, more likely to meet PAG in leisure time versus those in high-activity occupations. Among those working ≥40 hours, adults in high-activity occupations were more likely to be Hispanic or Latino, male, younger, and have a high school education or lower compared with those in less active occupations. CONCLUSION Traditional surveillance may underestimate meeting PAG among people working in high-activity occupations, potentially disproportionately affecting certain groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Y Nakayama
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miriam E Van Dyke
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler D Quinn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Mason AE, Benson L, Hale V, Oslund M, Robinson A. Exploring Food Allergy Management and Food-Related Social Occupations in Elementary School-Aged Children. OTJR (Thorofare N J) 2024; 44:287-295. [PMID: 37377178 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231181091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Elementary school-aged children with food allergies face barriers to navigating safe food practices in concert with socializing while eating. Little research examines children's role in managing their health (i.e., a food allergy). OBJECTIVES This qualitative descriptive study explores the experiences of preadolescent children with food allergies relating to food allergy management and socialization in various foodscapes in the United States. METHOD Data gathering strategies included interviews, diaries, and photo elicitation. The analysis involved coding, discussion, and thematic development. FINDINGS Participants shared food allergy management with caregivers depending on the environment. They learned to educate others, respond to emergencies, and prepare daily relating to food allergies. They faced conflict with managing food allergies with peers but overall perceived food allergy management as a low burden. CONCLUSION When provided with positive social and environmental supports, school-aged children with food allergies can learn to safely manage social food environments without direct parental involvement.
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22
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Fitzsimmons K, Hood M, Grattan K, Laing J, Sparer-Fine E. COVID-19 mortality among Massachusetts workers and the association with telework ability, 2020. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:364-375. [PMID: 38430201 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working outside the home put some workers at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and might partly explain elevated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality rates in the first months of the pandemic in certain groups of Massachusetts workers. To further investigate this premise, we examined COVID-19 mortality among Massachusetts workers, with a specific focus on telework ability based on occupation. METHODS COVID-19-associated deaths between January 1 and December 31, 2020 among Massachusetts residents aged 18-64 years were analyzed. Deaths were categorized into occupation-based quadrants (Q) of telework ability. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by key demographics, industry, occupation, and telework quadrant using American Community Survey workforce estimates as denominators. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals comparing rates for quadrants with workers unlikely able to telework (Q2, Q3, Q4) to that among those likely able to telework (Q1) were calculated. RESULTS The overall age-adjusted COVID-19-associated mortality rate was 26.4 deaths per 100,000 workers. Workers who were male, Black non-Hispanic, Hispanic, born outside the US, and with lower than a high school education level experienced the highest rates among their respective demographic groups. The rate varied by industry, occupation and telework quadrant. RRs comparing Q2, Q3, and Q4 to Q1 were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8-1.2), 3.2 (95% CI: 2.6-3.8) and 2.5 (95% CI: 2.0-3.0), respectively. CONCLUSION Findings suggest a positive association between working on-site and COVID-19-associated mortality. Work-related factors likely contributed to COVID-19 among Massachusetts workers and should be considered in future studies of COVID-19 and similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Fitzsimmons
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Surveillance Program, Boston, USA
| | - Malena Hood
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Special Analytic Projects, Office of Population Health, Boston, USA
| | - Kathleen Grattan
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Surveillance Program, Boston, USA
| | - James Laing
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Surveillance Program, Boston, USA
| | - Emily Sparer-Fine
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Surveillance Program, Boston, USA
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23
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Lipscomb M. Nursing's professional character: A chimera? Nurs Philos 2024; 25:e12477. [PMID: 38375959 DOI: 10.1111/nup.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Does nursing possess a character? The idea that professions have characters is hard to sustain, and the possibility that nursing as a collectively or occupation lacks a character is worth considering. To this end it is argued that absent robust theoretical and/or evidential scaffolding it is implausible to suppose that nursing has an objectively real (reality describing) character, and if 'nursing's character' is chimeric or illusory, aspects of our conception of professionalism require reappraisal. Specifically, traits and values that attach to nursing and are implicated in the concept of character are, shorn of their moorings, untethered. This may be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lipscomb
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Science, St John's Campus-Henwick Grove, University of Worcester Three Counties School of Nursing and Midwifery, Worcester, UK
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24
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Pugh HK, Heatwole Shank KS. Multispecies Occupations Involving Equines: An Action-Oriented Inquiry to Inform Occupational Therapy Practitioners. OTJR (Thorofare N J) 2024; 44:196-204. [PMID: 37853726 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231203724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Research related to human-animal engagement often fails to address the complexity and nuance present in occupations and occupational therapy services that incorporate animals. The goal of this research was to develop a basic understanding of multispecies occupations (MSO) involving humans and equines, focusing on the action-oriented processes and transactions during socialization in outdoor, non-therapeutic contexts. We employed a multi-modal qualitative design with interviews and videography with n = 6 horse-human dyads, creating opportunities to understand and represent engagement beyond anthropocentric norms. Findings included a variety of dyad-specific features of occupation, including processes of embodied communication, the presence of behavioral synchrony, and perceptions of attunement arising from these processes. Examining MSO via a multi-modal inquiry offers new perspectives about the nature and experience of such occupations and supports a deeper understanding of potential mechanisms of change when animals are incorporated in occupational therapy interventions and practice.
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Skuthan A, Stav W. Occupation-Based Assessments in Pediatric Occupational Therapy Practice. OTJR (Thorofare N J) 2024; 44:159-167. [PMID: 37485626 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231188315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In pediatric occupational therapy, there is insufficient evidence examining assessment tool selection by occupational therapists and how assessment tools contribute to occupation-based practice. To examine the perceptions of occupation-based assessment tool selection by pediatric occupational therapists, a phenomenological research study was conducted with six pediatric occupational therapy practitioners. Three themes emerged from participants' perspectives: the centrality of occupation, selecting the just right tool, and practice implications. Participants recognized the need to integrate occupation-based assessments into practice but reported decreased opportunities secondary to training, available supplies, lack of awareness of foundational constructs, and organizational expectations. The use of occupation-based assessments positively enhances pediatric occupational therapists' clinical practice by upholding the core occupational beliefs of the profession throughout all phases of service delivery.
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Ramachandran M, Chin J, Cheung V, Cope J, Belchior P. Can Occupation-Based Interventions for People Living with Dementia and Their Spousal Caregivers Support Positive Aspects of Caregiving? A Scoping Review. Occup Ther Health Care 2024; 38:291-316. [PMID: 38436299 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2024.2324283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to explore the characteristics and outcomes of occupation-based interventions for people living with dementia and their spousal caregivers relating to positive aspects of caregiving. A conceptualization of positive aspects of caregiving was developed based on the existing literature encompassing three domains - quality of the caregiver/care receiver relationship, meaning of the caregiver's role in daily life, and caregiver's feeling of accomplishment. Arksey and O'Malley's guidelines were used and four databases were searched to identify studies discussing occupation-based interventions involving spousal caregivers and persons living with dementia in the community that addressed at least one of three domains of positive aspects of caregiving identified in our conceptualization. After screening 1,560 articles, 18 articles were included for analysis. Three types of interventions were identified (i.e. music therapy, reminiscence therapy and a tailored activity program) involving three components contributing to positive aspects of caregiving: socializing outside the dyad, producing tangible end products, and education for the caregiver or dyad. Findings indicate that occupation-based interventions can support positive experiences for the dyad by improving the quality of the dyadic relationship and caregivers' feelings of accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Ramachandran
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julia Chin
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vincent Cheung
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jenna Cope
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Patricia Belchior
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Odgers S, Thomas Y, Tokolahi E. Mothering occupations: A review identifying mothering occupations. Aust Occup Ther J 2024; 71:352-363. [PMID: 38105621 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review aimed to retrieve and collate a list of culturally relevant mothering occupations in the New Zealand context with mothers positioned as experts of their experience. Mothering occupations influence wellbeing and this study aimed to better inform on the daily occupations mothers participate in that contribute to feelings of maternal confidence. METHODS Two main sources were used to identify mothering occupations: A systematic search of mothering literature, and participant additions. The first step involved mothering literature being searched, collated and condensed. The second step involved presenting the compiled list of mothering occupations to a panel of mothers for review and to invite additions. Mothers were asked to consider the occupations they participate in that evoke feelings of confidence and mastery in their mothering. Fifteen mothers with infants 12 to 18 months old were recruited, eight contributed to the mothering occupations list. RESULTS A list of 203 items was collated then condensed based on the inclusion criteria for the participant group, and was tracked in a table. The list was reduced to 36 items. Eight participants added to the mothering occupations list, bringing the total number of items to 47. Mothers indicated through their contributions to the list that some types of mothering occupations are more relevant to them when considering feelings of maternal confidence and mastery. The mothers of this study indicated that connecting with their infant, their culture and nature are of high value to them. CONCLUSION Developing a list of culturally relevant and relatable mothering occupations is a significant undertaking, highlighting the subjective experiences of mothers. Mothering occupations are vast and influenced by context. Mothers valuing some types of occupation more in relation to maternal confidence indicates a role for occupational therapy with this population to support with engagement and participation in occupations that promote wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorcha Odgers
- School of Occupational Therapy, Otago Polytechnic, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Yvonne Thomas
- School of Occupational Therapy, Otago Polytechnic, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ema Tokolahi
- School of Occupational Therapy, Otago Polytechnic, Hamilton Campus, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Xu H. In the name of interests: A joint consideration of interest development and consequence. J Couns Psychol 2024; 71:155-169. [PMID: 38300561 DOI: 10.1037/cou0000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Vocational interests have been an important concept for career decision making and counseling. However, while researchers have separately explored the criterion validity of interest congruence and the formation mechanism of interests, there has been little joint, interactive consideration of the two key aspects of interests. A key issue remains unclear: Could interests with different focal formation mechanisms have different consequences? Drawing on the motivation and vocational literature, this article first explains why it is possible and necessary to differentiate the formation mechanisms of interests in terms of motivational focus (intrinsic, extrinsic-autonomous, and extrinsic-controlled). Then, it formulates how the motivational focus of interests interacts with the performance focus of environments (quality-oriented vs. quantity-oriented) and the value focus of individuals (intrinsic vs. extrinsic satisfaction) in shaping the criterion validity of congruence. By linking what people like with why they like it, the joint interest formation and consequence model (a) delineates the motivational, performance, and value moderators of congruence-criterion links and explains previous results; (b) suggests assessment strategies that can facilitate research and practice related to the joint model and marginalized populations; and (c) provides insights into the flexible use of interests in different scenarios of career selection. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- School of Education, Loyola University Chicago
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Sharifian MJ, Igland J, Klungsøyr K, Engeland A, Zhou A, Bjørge T. Incidence trends of adult glioma in Norway and its association with occupation and education: A registry-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 89:102524. [PMID: 38367313 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas constitute 75 % of all malignant primary adult brain tumors. Being the most frequent histologic subtype, glioblastomas (GBMs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide and the Nordic countries have some of the highest incidence rates in the world. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of gliomas in Norway including time trends and associations with education and occupation. METHODS We retrieved individual-level data from databases at Statistics Norway containing information on education and occupation and linked them to data on adult glioma patients diagnosed during 2004-21 from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) (World Standard Population) were calculated and analyzed with regards to sex and morphology. Poisson regression was used to test for time-trends, and to analyze the associations between education, occupation and glioma incidence, adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year. Estimates were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The overall ASIR of gliomas (per 100,000 person-years) was 7.1 (95 % CI 6.9-7.3), with no specific time trend during the study period. The incidence increased with age. Compared to the other subtypes, GBMs were diagnosed at older ages. The risks of developing glioma overall and GBM were associated with occupation but not with educational level. The relative risk of glioma and GBM were respectively 1.17 (95 % CI 1.05-1.31) and 1.17 (95 % CI 1.02-1.35) among high-skilled white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers. CONCLUSIONS The overall and sex-specific ASIRs of gliomas and GBMs did not show any noticeable time trends. The higher risk of developing glioma overall and GBM in high-skilled white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers calls for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Health and Social Science, Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Engeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ange Zhou
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Cal State East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Knight KE, Ellis C, Miller T, Neu J, Helfrich L. Does Where You Work and What You Do Matter? Testing the Role of Organizational Context and Job Type for Future Study of Occupation-Based Secondary Trauma Intervention Development. J Interpers Violence 2024; 39:1623-1648. [PMID: 38014684 PMCID: PMC10923160 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231211927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Organizational context (e.g., criminal justice, community-based, and healthcare) and job type (e.g., police, social workers, and healthcare providers) may impact the extent of occupation-based secondary trauma (OBST). Survey data collected from a multiphase community-based participatory research project were analyzed from a variety of professionals, who were likely to "encounter the consequences of traumatic events as part of their professional responsibilities" (n = 391, women = 55%, White = 92%). Results document high trauma exposure (adverse childhood experiences [ACEs] and workplace) and OBST-related outcomes (Maslach Burnout Inventory, Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, post-traumatic stress disorder symptom checklist for DSM-5) for the entire sample with important differences across organizational context and job type. Using multivariate regression, the strongest determinants of suffering, however, were not related to a provider's specific profession but to their number of years on the job and their ACEs (e.g., adjusted R2 = 0.23, b = 2.01, p < .001). Likewise, the most protective factors were not profession specific but rather the provider's age and perceived effectiveness of OBST-related training (e.g., b = 2.26, p < .001). These findings inform intervention development and have implications for rural and other often under-resourced areas, where the same OBST-related intervention could potentially serve many different types of providers and organizations.
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Blosnich JR, Haydinger A, Rhoades H, De Luca SM. Differences in Beliefs About Suicide by Occupation in a Representative Sample of Adults in the United States, General Social Survey 2002-2021. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:439-453. [PMID: 36916390 PMCID: PMC10500038 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2190363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beliefs about suicide are important aspects of suicide prevention gatekeeper trainings. This study sought to determine if workers in finance- and legal/judicial-related industries have significantly different levels of suicide acceptability compared to the general US population. METHOD Cross-sectional data are from the 2002 to 2021 General Social Survey (GSS). Suicide acceptability was measured with four dichotomous items to which respondents indicated yes/no if they thought someone has the right to end their life in four negative life scenarios. Occupational categories were coded based on U.S. Census Bureau occupation and industry codes. Covariates for multiple logistic regression analyses included age, educational attainment, sex, race, ethnicity, survey year, and religiosity. RESULTS Among the 15,166 respondents, 651 people worked in finance-related occupations and 319 people worked in legal/judicial-related occupations. In adjusted models, people in finance-related occupations had greater odds of endorsing suicide as acceptable if one has an incurable disease (aOR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.03-1.52) and marginally greater odds of endorsing suicide as acceptable if one dishonors their family (aOR = 1.31, 95%CI = 0.99-1.74) than the general adult population. People in legal/judicial-related occupations were more likely to endorse 3 of the 4 suicide acceptability items compared to the general adult population, however these differences were not statistically significant after accounting for demographic factors. CONCLUSION Workers in non-clinical industries that frequently see clients during negative life events are prime audiences for gatekeeper trainings but may have entrenched beliefs about suicide acceptability. Research is needed to determine how these beliefs may impact gatekeeper training.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Blosnich
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34 Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Alexandra Haydinger
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34 Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Harmony Rhoades
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34 Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Susan M. De Luca
- The MetroHealth System, Population Health Research Institute, Center for Health Care Research and Policy, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, USA 44109
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 9501 Euclid Ave., Cleveland OH 44106
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Pérez-Romero C, Barrio G, Donat M, Moreno A, Guerras JM, Pulido J, Belza MJ, Regidor E. Heavy Drinking by Occupation in Spain: Differences Between Weekdays and the Weekend. J Community Health 2024; 49:235-247. [PMID: 37839065 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Estimating occupational disparity in heavy drinking jointly for weekdays and the weekend may be misleading for prevention purposes, because reasons for disparity in both periods may differ. The main objective was to assess occupational disparity in heavy average drinking (HAD) by week period and sex. 42,108 employees aged 16-64 were recruited from national surveys in Spain between 2011 and 2020. The outcome was HAD, defined as daily alcohol intake over 20 g (men) or 10 g (women). Occupation was classified in 15 categories. HAD adjusted prevalence ratios (HAD-aPRs) taking all occupations as reference, and relative adjusted excess prevalences (HAD-aEPs) comparing the weekend to weekdays in each occupation, were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates. The HAD-aPRs comparing each occupation with all occupations ranged 0.63-1.92 on weekdays and 0.65-1.45 on the weekend, with the highest aPRs on weekdays in construction, hospitality and primary-sector workers (1.92-1.62). The weekend-weekdays HAD-aEPs by occupation ranged 2.60-8.33, with the highest values in technicians/administrators, other professionals, teachers and health professionals (8.33-6.44). The global aEP was higher in women (6.04) than in men (3.92), especially in occupations just mentioned (8.70-11.73 in women vs. 3.64-6.32 in men). There was a considerable relative disparity in HAD risk between occupations on weekdays, with the highest risks in certain low-skilled occupations. Such disparity decreased on the weekend. The relative weekend increase in HAD risk was greater in women and in certain high-skilled occupations. This should be considered when designing prevention interventions on harmful drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Pérez-Romero
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Barrio
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Donat
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Moreno
- Sociology and Social Work Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Avenida de Cataluña, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan-Miguel Guerras
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National Epidemiology Center, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pulido
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Belza
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Zheng Y, Gong Z, Ajayi EO, Aderemi TA. Female labour participation and infant mortality in Nigeria: implication for the sustainable development goal 3. Afr J Reprod Health 2024; 28:30-37. [PMID: 38582975 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Over the time, link between female labour participation and infant mortality has become a subject of debate among scholars and policymakers in developing countries. This subject becomes more critical for a country like Nigeria where there is a persistent challenge to attain minimal global infant mortality rates by 2030, and where over 47% of female working population is unemployed. Against this background, this study utilizes fully modified ordinary least squares to estimate the relationship between female labour participation and infant mortality in Nigeria. The results show that at least 98 children per 1,000 births died in Nigeria between 1990 and 2020. Similarly, over 47% of female working population is currently unemployed in Nigeria. Female labour participation and infant mortality possess a significant negative relationship. Consequently, participation of women in the labour market has a significant effect in reducing infant mortality in Nigeria. In the same vein, female employment contributed to the reduction of infant mortality, though not substantial in nature. As such, the Nigerian policymakers should create a conducive environment that will facilitate participation of more women in the Nigerian labour market so that there will be further reduction of infant mortality in order to achieve the SDG 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- School of Marxism Studies, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | | | - Emmanuel O Ajayi
- Department of Economics, Accounting and Finance, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Timothy A Aderemi
- Department of Economics, Accounting and Finance, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
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Hermansen Å. An occupational mechanical job exposure index based on five Norwegian nationwide surveys of living conditions on work environment. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:93. [PMID: 38549178 PMCID: PMC10979558 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nordic register data are not collected for research purposes, and various dimensions of working conditions are typically missing in register-based research. One way to address the issue of missing information on the work environment in register data is to utilize a job exposure matrix (JEM). The purpose of this paper is to document and provide access to a Mechanical Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) and a validated Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index based on the constructed JEM, allowing researchers to utilize the index in register-based research. The JEM and the Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index were created using data from five nationwide Surveys of Living Conditions on work environment conducted in Norway in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2019, encompassing a total of 43,977 respondents. The index can be merged to register data using occupational codes (STYRK-98) and gender, which is information collected by the registries. The ultimate aim of constructing the index was to create a comprehensive measure of mechanical job exposures for use in future analyses of Norwegian register data. DATA DESCRIPTION This paper provides the scripts documenting the construction of the Mechanical Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) and the Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index, as well as a data file including the matrix and the index. A script for merging the matrix and index to register data is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund Hermansen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, OsloMet- Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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Li M, Tang Y, Jin K. Labor market segmentation and the gender wage gap: Evidence from China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299355. [PMID: 38547091 PMCID: PMC10977760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the Chinese government has implemented a variety of measures, the gender wage gap in 21st century China has not decreased. A significant body of literature has studied this phenomenon using sector segmentation theory, but these studies have overlooked the importance of the collective economy beyond the public and private sectors. Moreover, they have lacked assessment of the gender wage gap across different wage groups, hindering an accurate estimation of the gender wage gap in China, and the formulation of appropriate recommendations. Utilizing micro-level data from 2004, 2008, and 2013, this paper examines trends in the gender wage gap within the public sector, private sector, and collective economy. Employing a selection bias correction based on the multinomial logit model, this study finds that the gender wage gap is smallest and most stable within the public sector. Furthermore, the private sector surpasses the collective economy in this period, becoming the sector with the largest gender wage gap. Meanwhile, a recentered influence function regression reveals a substantial gender wage gap among the low-wage population in all three sectors, as well as among the high-wage population in the private sector. Additionally, employing Brown wage decomposition, this study concludes that inter-sector, rather than intra-sector, differences account for the largest share of the gender wage gap, with gender discrimination in certain sectors identified as the primary cause. Finally, this paper provides policy recommendations aimed at addressing the gender wage gap among low-wage groups and within the private sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Common Prosperity and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- The Marxist College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyan Jin
- Department of Quantitative Methods in Economics and Business, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Van der Bijl CC, Nair A, Von Pressentin KB. Crafting a compelling curriculum vitae: Navigating the path to professional success. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2024; 66:e1-e2. [PMID: 38572869 PMCID: PMC11019084 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v66i1.5920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle C Van der Bijl
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein.
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Islam MK, Kjerstad E, Rydland HT. The chronically ill in the labour market - are they hierarchically sorted by education? Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:66. [PMID: 38528545 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronically ill as a group has on average lower probability of employment compared to the general population, a situation that has persisted over time in many countries. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of chronic diseases is higher among those with lower levels of education. We aim to quantify the double burden of low education and chronic illness comparing the differential probabilities of employment between the chronically ill with lower, medium, and high levels of education and how their employment rates develop over time. METHODS Using merged Norwegian administrative data over a 11-year period (2008-2018), our estimations are based on multivariable regression with labour market and time fixed effects. To reduce bias due to patients' heterogeneity, we included a series of covariates that may influence the association between labour market participation and level of education. To explicitly explore the 'shielding effect' of education over time, the models include the interaction effects between chronic illness and level of education and year. RESULTS The employment probabilities are highest for the high educated and lowest for chronically ill individuals with lower education, as expected. The differences between educational groups are changing over time, though, driven by a revealing development among the lower-educated chronically ill. That group has a significant reduction in employment probabilities both in absolute terms and relative to the other groups. The mean predicted employment probabilities for the high educated chronic patient is not changing over time indicating that the high educated as a group is able to maintain labour market participation over time. Additionally, we find remarkable differences in employment probabilities depending on diagnoses. CONCLUSION For the chronically ill as a group, a high level of education seems to "shield" against labour market consequences. The magnitude of the shielding effect is increasing over time leaving chronically ill individuals with lower education behind. However, the shielding effect varies in size between types of chronic diseases. While musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and partly cancer patients are "sorted" hierarchically according to level of education, diabetes, respiratory and mental patients are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamrul Islam
- NORCE Health and Society, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, 5008, Norway
| | - Egil Kjerstad
- NORCE Health and Society, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, 5008, Norway.
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Cristi-Montero C, Martínez-Flores R, Espinoza-Puelles JP, Favero-Ramirez L, Zurita-Corvalan N, Cañete IC, Leppe J, Ferrari G, Sadarangani KP, Cancino-López J, Hernandez-Jaña S, Farias TY, Lemes VB, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Brand C. Study protocol and rationale of "the UP project": evaluating the effectiveness of active breaks on health indicators in desk-based workers. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1363015. [PMID: 38566792 PMCID: PMC10985339 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1363015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive sedentary time has been negatively associated with several health outcomes, and physical activity alone does not seem to fully counteract these consequences. This panorama emphasizes the essential of sedentary time interruption programs. "The Up Project" seeks to assess the effectiveness of two interventions, one incorporating active breaks led by a professional and the other utilizing a computer application (self-led), of both equivalent duration and intensity. These interventions will be compared with a control group to evaluate their impact on physical activity levels, sedentary time, stress perception, occupational pain, and cardiometabolic risk factors among office workers. Methods This quasi-experimental study includes 60 desk-based workers from universities and educational institutes in Valparaiso, Chile, assigned to three groups: (a) booster breaks led by professionals, (b) computer prompts that are unled, and (c) a control group. The intervention protocol for both experimental groups will last 12 weeks (only weekdays). The following measurements will be performed at baseline and post-intervention: cardiometabolic risk based on body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and bone mass evaluated by DXA), waist circumference, blood pressure, resting heart rate, and handgrip strength. Physical activity and sedentary time will be self-reported and device-based assessed using accelerometry. Questionnaires will be used to determine the perception of stress and occupational pain. Discussion Governments worldwide are addressing health issues associated with sedentary behavior, particularly concerning individuals highly exposed to it, such as desk-based workers. Despite implementing certain strategies, there remains a noticeable gap in comprehensive research comparing diverse protocols. For instance, studies that contrast the outcomes of interventions led by professionals with those prompted by computers are scarce. This ongoing project is expected to contribute to evidence-based interventions targeting reduced perceived stress levels and enhancing desk-based employees' mental and physical well-being. The implications of these findings could have the capacity to lay the groundwork for future public health initiatives and government-funded programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Flores
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Laura Favero-Ramirez
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Natalia Zurita-Corvalan
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ignacio Castillo Cañete
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jaime Leppe
- School of Physical Therapy Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud Y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino-López
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae. Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sam Hernandez-Jaña
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Vanilson Batista Lemes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Koh DH, Choi S, Park JH, Lee SG, Kim HC, Kim I, Lim D, Seo H, Park DU. Development of occupation-based exposure matrix of lead for Korean workers: challenges and opportunities. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:256-268. [PMID: 38377017 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Industry- and occupation-based carcinogen exposure matrices play a pivotal role in preventing occupational cancer. While the Korean CARcinogen EXposure (K-CAREX) has been developed in recent years to assess exposure prevalence and intensity by industry, the feasibility of constructing an occupation-based exposure matrix remains unexplored. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the potential of combining the nationwide work environment measurement database (WEMD) and the special health examination database (SHED) to develop a comprehensive occupation-based exposure matrix. METHODS The WEMD provides information on airborne lead measurements, including industry codes, but it does not include data related to occupations. In contrast, the SHED contains information on both occupation and blood lead levels. By integrating these 2 databases, we attempted to assess airborne lead exposure levels by occupation. Additionally, we performed a rank correlation analysis to compare the airborne exposure levels with corresponding blood lead levels according to occupation. RESULTS A total of 35 425 workers who both wore air samplers for lead and underwent special health examinations for lead were extracted between 2019 and 2021. An occupation-based exposure matrix was developed to evaluate the intensity of lead exposure across a range of occupations, encompassing 51 minor occupations and 70-unit occupations. Rank correlation analyses showed strong positive correlations between airborne lead and blood lead measurements according to occupation. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings suggest that combining 2 nationwide surveillance databases can be an effective approach for creating an occupation-based exposure matrix. However, our results also highlight several limitations that need to be addressed in future studies to improve the accuracy and reliability of such matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, 25, Simgok-ro 100beon-gil, Seo-gu, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Sangjun Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Catholic Institute for Public Health and Healthcare Management, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, 30 Phildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, 400, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang-Ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Daesung Lim
- Hansung Health and Safety Technology Co., Ltd., 803, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34165, Korea
| | - Hoekyeong Seo
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, 400, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, 86, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03087, Korea
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Kaki S, Hawkins D. Drug poisoning deaths by occupation and drug type, Massachusetts 2010-2019. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:243-255. [PMID: 38387605 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate variation in drug poisoning mortality rates by drug type and occupation in Massachusetts. METHODS Death certificates for deaths by drug poisonings occurring between 2010 and 2019 in Massachusetts were coded based on the decedent's occupation. Mortality rates and rate ratios (with all other occupations as the reference group) were calculated based on the occupation of the workers according to drug type. Poisson regression was used to determine significantly elevated mortality rates and trends in drug poisoning deaths by occupation and drug type. RESULTS The rate of drug poisoning deaths increased from 2010 to 2016 after which they plateaued. With respect to specific substances, fentanyl- and cocaine-related deaths increased throughout the surveillance period. For drug poisoning deaths overall, workers in construction trades (3,017); food preparation and serving (1,116); transportation and material moving (1,062) occupations had the highest number of drug poisoning deaths. When adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment, workers in 7 occupations had significantly elevated mortality rate ratios for drug poisonings overall: farming, fishing, and forestry (3.42, P < 0.001); construction trades (2.58, P < 0.001); health care support (1.61, P < 0.001); community and social service (1.60, P < 0.001); food preparation and serving related (1.54, P < 0.001); personal care and service (1.37, P < 0.001); and arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media (1.21, P = 0.010). In many cases, workers in these same occupations had elevated mortality rate ratios for poisonings from specific substances. Health care practitioners and technical occupation workers only had elevated rates for methadone-related poisonings (1.73, P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that workers in certain occupations have an elevated risk for drug poisonings and that the patterns differ with respect to the drug type. These findings can be useful for providing services to workers in high-risk occupations and in identifying occupational factors that may be related to the risk of drug poisoning death. While previous research has begun to uncover work-related factors that may contribute to opioid use, further work is needed to identify occupational factors that may contribute to psychostimulant and benzodiazepine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahith Kaki
- Premedical Health Studies Program, School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Devan Hawkins
- Public Health Program, School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Takada M, Hirouchi J, Kujiraoka I, Takahara S, Schneider T, Kai M. Temporal changes in cumulative mortality risks of cancer, by occupation, in the working population of Japan from 1995 to 2020: a benchmark for radiation risk comparison. J Radiol Prot 2024; 44:011514. [PMID: 38422516 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad2ebc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide benchmark data for discussing the tolerability of cancer risk associated with occupational radiation exposure. It focused on differences in cancer mortality risk by occupation among Japan's working population and examined baseline cancer mortality risks and its variations from 1995 through 2020. Data were collected every five years from national vital statistics sources. By focusing on the same types of cancer among radiation induced effects, cumulative mortality risks were calculated for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer (females only) for those aged 15-74. The average cumulative mortality risk for the working population in Japan has decreased by 30%-60% over the past 25 years. Service workers and male managers were at an average risk, among all workers, while clerical workers and transportation and manufacturing workers had about half the average risk. The risks were higher for professionals and female managers, about 1.5-2 times the average for professionals and up to 5 times the average for female managers. The decrease in the average cancer mortality risk in the working population as a baseline suggests that risk tolerance in society might have changed over time. Since differences in mortality by occupation were confirmed, the usefulness of occupational data as a benchmark needs further investigation, as high-risk/low-risk occupations vary by country and region. The results of this study contribute to put radiation risks into perspective with the background risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momo Takada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun Hirouchi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kujiraoka
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shogo Takahara
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Thierry Schneider
- Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Odhiambo LA, Marion AJ, Harmatz AE, Yala JA, Callihan TR, Bundy K, Zullo MD. Facilitators and barriers to using a DeskCycle as a sedentary behavior intervention in the work environment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299537. [PMID: 38483888 PMCID: PMC10939269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a public health threat with extensive health burden on society. High levels of sedentary behavior have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Individuals working in desk-related occupations are more likely to be sedentary for most of the day. Health researchers have responded by implementing and promoting interventions and wellness programs in work environments to reduce this behavior. This study examined the feasibility and experience of using the DeskCycle to reduce sedentary behavior among female workers in an academic office environment. METHODS This was an intervention study where participants used the DeskCycle in two consecutive eight-week phases and uploaded DeskCycle use data daily. A questionnaire was administered after week 2 and week 8 (pre-post) of DeskCycle use in each phase to assess dimensions of feasibility, including an open-ended question for user experience. RESULTS The participants (N = 78) had an average age of 44.4 (±11.3) years and were primarily non-Hispanic White (88.5%). DeskCycle daily use varied from Phase I: 84% to 64.9% (weeks 1-7), and 49.4% in week 8, to Phase II: 73.5% to 52.2% (week 1-7), and 40.2% in week 8. In Phase I, 96.6% (week 2) and 87% (week 8) agreed that the DeskCycle decreased sedentary behavior, and in Phase II, 74.3% (week 2) and 76.9% (week 8) agreed. The analysis of open-ended responses found challenges with the desk set up, cycling interfering with typing, and thinking critically, as barriers to DeskCycle use, while enjoying cycling and cycling improving mood were reported as facilitators. CONCLUSIONS Using a DeskCycle in an academic office environment to reduce sedentary behavior is feasible in female office workers. Consideration should be given to the type of tasks performed while cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorriane A. Odhiambo
- Department of Biostatistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Marion
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alison E. Harmatz
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Joy A. Yala
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Callihan
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Kristina Bundy
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Melissa D. Zullo
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
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Mehlig K, Torén K, LaMontagne AD, Wahlström V, Nyberg J, Waern M, Åberg M. Occupation-specific risk estimates for suicide and non-fatal self-harm from a Swedish cohort of male construction workers followed 1987-2018. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:142-149. [PMID: 38418223 PMCID: PMC10958292 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While suicidal behaviour has become less prevalent in non-manual workers in recent decades, rates have increased in manual workers. We aimed to identify occupations within the construction industry with excess risk of suicide and non-fatal self-harm. METHODS This cohort of Swedish construction workers comprises 389 132 individuals examined 1971-1993 and followed 1987-2018 using national hospital and cause of death registers. More than 200 job titles were merged into 22 occupational groups. For 296 891 men alive in 1987 and active in the construction sector, survival was calculated from baseline to first event of non-fatal self-harm or suicide and censored for emigration, long-term unemployment, disability pension, retirement, death from other causes or end of follow-up. HRs with 95% CIs were obtained from multiple Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS Overall, 1618 cases of suicide and 4774 events of non-fatal self-harm were registered. Self-harm before baseline was the single largest risk factor for suicide, HR 9.3 (95% CI 7.5 to 11.6). Compared with the overall mean, labourers and rock workers had excess risk for suicide, HR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.7) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.3), respectively, while electricians, clerks and foremen had reduced risk. Labourers, concrete workers, sheet metal workers, painters, glaziers and the group 'other construction workers' were at increased risk for non-fatal self-harm. Almost all categories of manual workers were at increased risk for suicidal behaviour relative to clerks and foremen. CONCLUSIONS Specific occupations within the construction sector were associated with excess risk for suicidal behaviour. Future studies should identify underlying risk factors to inform tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kjell Torén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Viktoria Wahlström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyberg
- Section for Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Åberg
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Regionhälsan, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tondel M, Nordquist T, Helgesson M, Svartengren M. COVID-19: incidence and mortality in Sweden comparing all foreign-born to all Swedish-born individuals in different occupations in an unvaccinated cohort of year 2020. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:136-141. [PMID: 38267211 PMCID: PMC10958322 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to analyse the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in immigrants compared with Swedish born in inpatients and outpatient registers, respectively. METHODS The study population included all persons 20-88 years of age living in Sweden, 31 December 2019, including 1 676 516 foreign-born persons and 6 037 151 Swedish-born persons. The outcome was clinical cases of COVID-19 with a positive PCR test (ICD-10 U07.01) or without a positive PCR test (U07.2) from 1 January to 31 December 2020. Persons 20-64 years of age were classified with occupational titles according to the Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations. Residing municipality of each individual was coded according to the Swedish Association of Local Authorities. Relative risks (RR) were calculated by sex in 5 years age bands using Swedish born as reference. Age-adjusted RRs (adj RR) with 95% CIs were calculated in a Poisson regression model. Rural municipalities were used as the reference category. RESULTS Foreign born had consistently higher RRs in COVID-19, regardless of sex, with a peak in 50-69 years of age. Foreign born had a higher RR of death in COVID-19 above 50 years and 40 years of age in women and men, respectively. Among occupations, male drivers had the highest adj RR 4.37 (95% CI 3.45 to 5.54) and 5.09 (4.26 to 6.07) in outpatients and inpatients, respectively (U07.1). Persons living in commuting municipalities did not show any consistent increased risk for COVID-19. CONCLUSION Foreign born have a higher risk of COVID-19 compared with Swedish-born individuals at any age and occupation before vaccination began in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tondel
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordquist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Helgesson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Equity and Working Life, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Puszczalowska-Lizis E, Szymanski D, Lizis S, Krajewska J. Fatigue based on the subjective feeling of people representing selected medical professions. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2024; 37:72-83. [PMID: 38240502 PMCID: PMC10959273 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fatigue can be the result of overexertion and overload. It occurs when the burdened body does not have enough time for regeneration and biological renewal. The aim of this study was analysis of fatigue based on the subjective feeling in physiotherapists, nurses, and paramedics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research covered 193 women and 107 men aged 30-60 years, including 100 physiotherapists, 100 nurses and 100 paramedics with higher education, employed in clinics and hospitals in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland. The research tool of choice was 30-item Research Committee on Industrial Fatigue Fatigue Scale, adapted into the Polish language by Paluch. The data were analyzed based on ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS Values determining frequency of decrease in activity were higher in nurses than in physiotherapists (p < 0.001) and paramedics (p = 0.005). Physiotherapists and nurses showed statistically significant positive associations of all fatigue indices with age and seniority. Sex-related differences in the frequency of physical fatigue symptoms have been noted (p = 0.044). Among people working in outpatient clinics and hospitals there were statistically significant differences in the frequency of decrease in activity (p = 0.001) and general level of fatigue (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS In nurses and physiotherapists, the frequency of experiencing ailments increases with age and work experience. This suggests that in the case of these professions it is important to quick identification of signs of fatigue and taking actions to prevent its worsening. Women experience fatigue more often, so they especially need to take steps to prevent and, if necessary, treat this condition. Hospitals should be an area of special involvement in the process of implementing programs to counteract fatigue of employees in the medical services sector. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(1):72-83.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Szymanski
- “SPINETIC” Motor Organ Rehabilitation Clinic, Physiotherapy Unit, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sabina Lizis
- University of Rzeszów, Medical College, Institute of Health Sciences, Rzeszów, Poland
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Donald H. Previous career choices gave me a robust set of skills to use when becoming a vet. Vet Rec 2024; 194:ii-iii. [PMID: 38427421 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
After an unsatisfying degree in history and a successful career in PR Helen Donald took up the challenge and started vet school, going on to become principal specialist in wildlife health at Natural England.
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Hollock DC, Brunsink NJ, Whittaker AB, Lawson A, Pence TB, Morago B, Ebrahimi E, Stocker J, Moody A, Taylor A, Santos BS, Magana AJ. Virtual Access to STEM Careers: In the Field Experiments. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 2024; 44:73-80. [PMID: 38526876 DOI: 10.1109/mcg.2024.3361002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The Virtual Access to STEM Careers (VASC) project is an intertwined classroom and virtual reality (VR) curricular program for third through fourth graders. Elementary school students learn about and take on the roles and responsibilities of STEM occupations through authentic, problem-based tasks with physical kits and immersive VR environments. This article reports on a round of curriculum and virtual environment development and in-classroom experimentation that was guided by preliminary results gathered from our initial VASC prototyping and testing. This specific iteration focuses on curriculum for learning about sea turtles and tasks regularly completed by park rangers and marine biologists who work with these creatures and a new backend data collection component to analyze participant behavior. Our results showed that educators were able to setup and integrate VASC into their classrooms with relative ease. Elementary school students were able to learn how to interface with our system quickly and enjoyed being in the environment, making a positive link to STEM education.
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Kibbi R, Afifi RA, Pham H, Sewell DK, Teahen PP, Vander Weg MW. The "dirty work" of last responders: Occupational stigma risk and protective factors. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 2024; 21:145-151. [PMID: 38363742 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2302481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Last responders constitute an occupational category that includes all those who are involved in the postmortem care of deceased persons and their families. The work of last responders is often considered "dirty work" and, as a result, stigmatized. Last responders are aware of this stigma, and stigma consciousness has been associated with negative health outcomes. Despite the wide acknowledgment of stigma among last responders, specific risk, or protective factors for experiencing stigma have not been investigated. This paper aims to identify determinants of stigma among last responders in the United States. The data for this study were obtained from a national cross-sectional survey of last responders. The survey included a measure of stigma and multiple sociodemographic characteristics. A hurdle model was used to assess the association between the characteristics of last responders and their perceived stigma. Respondents were predominantly male (55.1%), White non-Hispanic (90.2%), and employed full-time (96%). Seventy-seven percent reported having experienced at least one form of occupation-related stigma. There was no significant association between the experience of stigma and any socio-demographic variables. The experience of stigma is nearly ubiquitous among last responders->75% of last responders in the sample experienced at least one form of stigma. Another aspect of its ubiquitous nature is the lack of evidence that stigma was experienced differentially across sex, race/ethnicity, employment type, and length of years as a last responder. Interventions are needed to decrease stigma among last responders and to support last responders in managing the consequences of the stigma they experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Kibbi
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Rima A Afifi
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hahn Pham
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel K Sewell
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peter P Teahen
- Teahen Funeral Home, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
- Clinical Mental Health Counseling, College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark W Vander Weg
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
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Sevinc S, Ozdemir S. Relationship between cultural intelligence and career and work adaptability in nursing students. J PAK MED ASSOC 2024; 74:459-463. [PMID: 38591278 DOI: 10.47391/jpma.8365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and career and work adaptability among nursing students. METHODS The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Kilis 7 Aralık University Nursing Department in Turkey from April to May 2019, and comprised nursing students of either gender. Data was gathered using Cultural Intelligence Scale and Career and Work Adaptability Questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS24. RESULTS Of the 277 subjects, 162(58.5%) were females and 115(41.5%) were males. The overall mean age was 21.21±1.81 years. The mean Cultural Intelligence Scale score was 95.17±18.16. The mean Career and Work Adaptability Questionnaire score was 115.69±19.38. There was a positive correlation between the total scores and subscale scores of both the scales (r=598, p<0.001). The student's father's occupation, desire to work overseas, feeling like a good fit for nursing, and feeling prepared for professional life significantly affected cultural intelligence (p<0.05). The student's father's occupation significantly affected career and work adaptability (p=0.001). Conclusion There was a positive correlation between the total scores and subscale scores of Cultural Intelligence Scale and Career and Work Adaptability Questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Sevinc
- Department of Nursing, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay Türkiye
| | - Serap Ozdemir
- Department of Nursing, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkiye
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Santing C. Diogenes' tub and the double bind of science and vocation in the late Middle Ages. Endeavour 2024; 48:100912. [PMID: 38518420 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2024.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Intellectuals tend to cherish heroes who embody their ideal way of life. The fact that the personas of the unworldly Greek philosophers Diogenes and Crates were so popular in the late Middle Ages proves that Max Weber's Idealtypus of the "authentic man of science" (as termed by Steven Shapin) has been problematic for centuries. This finding gives cause to modify Max Weber's and Shapin's viewpoints about the loss of the "authentic man of science" due to professionalization. The development of the university as an educational institution in the High Middle Ages chained the academic once and for all to a formal training that costs time and money: investments that were expected to have reward. Soon, university-trained experts were highly appreciated by local and national authorities. By combining Frank Rexroth's and Marcel Bubert's ideas on the coming into being of an "amor sciendi" in the twelfth century Arts faculties, with David Kaldewey's and Klaas van Berkel's appeals for academic autonomy, my article argues that academics have always struggled to protect the pursuit of truth, even while they recognized its vital importance from the beginning.
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