1
|
Thorsteinson TJ, Clark ME. Effects of explanations and precise anchors on salary offers. J Soc Psychol 2024; 164:351-366. [PMID: 35616065 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two studies were conducted which examined explanations and precise anchors on counteroffers and perceptions in a salary negotiation. Study 1 found that precise offers reduced counteroffers compared to round offers, but explanations focused on internal equity concerns or external equity concerns had no effect on counteroffers. Study 2 also found that precise offers reduced counteroffers compared to round offers. Explanations, which were manipulated to focus on constraint or disparagement rationales, failed to affect counteroffers, but a constraint explanation led to higher attributions of competence compared to a disparagement explanation or no explanation. These results suggest that precise offers are an effective tactic for reducing counteroffers and that explanations are relatively unimportant. Further research is needed to determine under what conditions an explanation may improve or harm negotiation outcomes.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Zhao D, Shen J, Geng P, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang Z. HRD-Net: High resolution segmentation network with adaptive learning ability of retinal vessel features. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108295. [PMID: 38520920 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Retinal segmentation is a crucial step in the early warning of human health conditions. However, retinal blood vessels possess complex curvature, irregular distribution, and contain multi-scale fine structures, which make the limited receptive field of regular convolution challenging to process their vascular details efficiently. Additionally, the encoder-decoder based network leads to irreversible spatial information loss because of multiple downsampling, resulting in over-segmentation and missed segmentation of the vessels. For this reason, we develop a high-resolution network based on Deformable Convolution v3, called HRD-Net. By constructing a high-resolution representation, the network allows special attention to be paid to the details of tiny blood vessels. The proposed feature enhancement cascade module based on Deformable Convolution v3 can flexibly adapt and capture the ever-changing morphology and intricate connections of retinal blood vessels, ensuring the continuity of vessel segmentation. In the output phase of the network, the proposed global aggregation module integrates full-resolution feature maps while suppressing redundant features, achieving an effective fusion of high-level semantic information and spatial detail information. In addition, we have re-examined the selection criteria for activation and normalization methods, and also refine the network architectures from a spatial domain perspective to release redundant computational loads. Testing on the DRIVE, STARE, and CHASE_DB1 datasets indicates that HRD-Net, with fewer parameters, outperforms existing segmentation methods on several evaluation metrics such as F1, ACC, SE, SP, AUC, and IOU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China; Hebei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Transportation Power Grid Intelligent Integration Technology and Equipment, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Dongxin Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China.
| | - Juncai Shen
- College of Information Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China.
| | - Peng Geng
- College of Information Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Xingtai University, Xingtai, 054001, China.
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China.
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fystro JR. Why are egg donors paid less than sperm donors? Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2024; 144:24-0115. [PMID: 38651708 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
|
4
|
Mahase E. Medical device firms paid UK health organisations €37m in three years, study finds. BMJ 2024; 385:q907. [PMID: 38641361 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
|
5
|
Zhang Z, Wang D. Does the opening of producer services promote the wage growth of the downstream manufacturing industry?-Empirical evidence from Chinese manufacturing listed companies. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293915. [PMID: 38635602 PMCID: PMC11025729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the vertical connection between upstream and downstream industries, a unique theoretical model is constructed to analyse the impact mechanism of the opening of producer services on downstream manufacturing wage growth. The empirical tests are carried out using the data of China's manufacturing listed companies from 1999 to 2020. Our findings indicate that the opening of producer services has an inverted-U-shaped impact on downstream manufacturing wage growth, and the average level of the opening of producer services in the sample period is lower than the corresponding threshold. Overall, it is in the stage of promoting the wage growth of the downstream manufacturing industry. The opening of producer services mainly affects the wage growth of the downstream manufacturing industry through two channels: labour productivity and labour income share. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the wages of capital and technology-intensive and low-competitive manufacturing industries are relatively strongly promoted by the opening of producer services. Therefore, promoting the orderly opening of producer services and strengthening the technological links between industries will help promote the wage growth of downstream manufacturing industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- Business School of Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center for Regional High-Quality Development, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dian Wang
- Business School of Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ali I, Mahmood Z. Foreign outsourcing collaboration within a developing economy's perspective: A case of the Pakistani textile industry. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299454. [PMID: 38625894 PMCID: PMC11020694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper develops an outsourcing collaboration model from a firm's perspective operating in a developing economy. The model considers that producers of the final goods residing in a developed country, and operators of manufacturing plants in a developing country collaborate with each other. The final goods producer supplies headquarter services for the production of intermediate goods in the developing country. The operators of manufacturing plants also supply their services in the domestic economy. This arrangement leads to foreign outsourcing collaborations (FOC) between firms of developed country and developing country. The operators of manufacturing plant maximize revenue subject to the cost constraint. The first order conditions suggests that an increase in wages of skilled labor, price of domestic inputs, and cost of production deter FOC. On the other hand, an increase in demand for and price of foreign headquarter services increases the FOC. Empirical analysis based on data collected from 217 clothing (textile and apparel) firms in the city of Faisalabad (Pakistan) reveals that an increase in wage to labor-productivity ratio reduces FOC. An improvement in skilled of the labor and foreign headquarter services give rise to FOC, whereas an increase in economies-of-scope enhances FOC. Additionally, an inverted U-shaped relationship is found between the cost of production and FOC, which shows that at the initial stage, the firm's cost of production increases with an increase in the level of FOC, but soon after the tipping point, the firm's cost starts decreasing with a further increase in FOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ali
- Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences and Humanities (S3H), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Mahmood
- Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences and Humanities (S3H), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Belrhiti Z, Bigdeli M, Lakhal A, Kaoutar D, Zbiri S, Belabbes S. Unravelling collaborative governance dynamics within healthcare networks: a scoping review. Health Policy Plan 2024; 39:412-428. [PMID: 38300250 PMCID: PMC11005841 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In many countries, healthcare systems suffer from fragmentation between hospitals and primary care. In response, many governments institutionalized healthcare networks (HN) to facilitate integration and efficient healthcare delivery. Despite potential benefits, the implementation of HN is often challenged by inefficient collaborative dynamics that result in delayed decision-making, lack of strategic alignment and lack of reciprocal trust between network members. Yet, limited attention has been paid to the collective dynamics, challenges and enablers for effective inter-organizational collaborations. To consider these issues, we carried out a scoping review to identify the underlying processes for effective inter-organizational collaboration and the contextual conditions within which these processes are triggered. Following appropriate methodological guidance for scoping reviews, we searched four databases [PubMed (n = 114), Web of Science (n = 171), Google Scholar (n = 153) and Scopus (n = 52)] and used snowballing (n = 22). A total of 37 papers addressing HN including hospitals were included. We used a framework synthesis informed by the collaborative governance framework to guide data extraction and analysis, while being sensitive to emergent themes. Our review showed the prominence of balancing between top-down and bottom-up decision-making (e.g. strategic vs steering committees), formal procedural arrangements and strategic governing bodies in stimulating participative decision-making, collaboration and sense of ownership. In a highly institutionalized context, the inter-organizational partnership is facilitated by pre-existing legal frameworks. HN are suitable for tackling wicked healthcare issues by mutualizing resources, staff pooling and improved coordination. Overall performance depends on the capacity of partners for joint action, principled engagement and a closeness culture, trust relationships, shared commitment, distributed leadership, power sharing and interoperability of information systems To promote the effectiveness of HN, more bottom-up participative decision-making, formalization of governance arrangement and building trust relationships are needed. Yet, there is still inconsistent evidence on the effectiveness of HN in improving health outcomes and quality of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Belrhiti
- International School Mohammed VI of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), UM6SS – Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Commune Hay Hassani 82 403, Casablanca 20230, Morocco
- Knowledge for Health Policies, UM6SS, Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Commune Hay Hassani 82 403, Casablanca 20230, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10 100, Rabat Rue, Mohamed Al Jazouli – 10 100, Morocco
| | - Maryam Bigdeli
- World Health Organization, 3 Av. S.A.R. Sidi Mohamed, Rabat, Geneva 10170, Morocco
| | - Aniss Lakhal
- Knowledge for Health Policies, UM6SS, Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Commune Hay Hassani 82 403, Casablanca 20230, Morocco
- Directorate of Hospitals and Ambulatory Care, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Route d’El Jadida, Agdal, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Dib Kaoutar
- Knowledge for Health Policies, UM6SS, Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Commune Hay Hassani 82 403, Casablanca 20230, Morocco
- Directorate of Hospitals and Ambulatory Care, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Route d’El Jadida, Agdal, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Saad Zbiri
- International School Mohammed VI of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), UM6SS – Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Commune Hay Hassani 82 403, Casablanca 20230, Morocco
- Knowledge for Health Policies, UM6SS, Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Commune Hay Hassani 82 403, Casablanca 20230, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10 100, Rabat Rue, Mohamed Al Jazouli – 10 100, Morocco
| | - Sanaa Belabbes
- International School Mohammed VI of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), UM6SS – Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Commune Hay Hassani 82 403, Casablanca 20230, Morocco
- Knowledge for Health Policies, UM6SS, Anfa City : Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, Commune Hay Hassani 82 403, Casablanca 20230, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI), Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli – Madinat Al Irfane Rabat 10 100, Rabat Rue, Mohamed Al Jazouli – 10 100, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sitthiyot T, Holasut K. Quantifying fair income distribution in Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301693. [PMID: 38573990 PMCID: PMC10994331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Given a vast concern about high income inequality in Thailand as opposed to empirical findings around the world showing people's preference for fair income inequality over unfair income equality, it is therefore important to examine whether inequality in income distribution in Thailand over the past three decades is fair, and what fair inequality in income distribution in Thailand should be. To quantitatively measure fair income distribution, this study employs the fairness benchmarks that are derived from the distributions of athletes' salaries in professional sports which satisfy the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice, the no-envy principle of fair allocation, and the general consensus or the international norm criterion of a meaningful benchmark. By using the data on quintile income shares and the income Gini index of Thailand from the National Social and Economic Development Council, this study finds that, throughout the period from 1988 to 2021, the Thai income earners in the bottom 20%, the second 20%, and the top 20% receive income shares more than the fair shares whereas those in the third 20% and the fourth 20% receive income shares less than the fair shares. Provided that there are infinite combinations of quintile income shares that can have the same value of income Gini index but only one of them is regarded as fair, this study demonstrates the use of fairness benchmarks as a practical guideline for designing policies with an aim to achieve fair income distribution in Thailand. Moreover, a comparative analysis is conducted by employing the method for estimating optimal (fair) income distribution representing feasible income equality in order to provide an alternative recommendation on what optimal (fair) income distribution characterizing feasible income equality in Thailand should be.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thitithep Sitthiyot
- Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Holasut
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han WJ. How our longitudinal employment patterns might shape our health as we approach middle adulthood-US NLSY79 cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300245. [PMID: 38568881 PMCID: PMC10990189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent labor market transformations brought on by digital and technological advances, together with the rise of the service economy since the 1980s, have subjected more workers to precarious conditions, such as irregular work hours and low or unpredictable wages, threatening their economic well-being and health. This study advances our understanding of the critical role employment plays in our health by examining how employment patterns throughout our working lives, based on work schedules, may shape our health at age 50, paying particular attention to the moderating role of social position. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1979 (NLSY79), which has collected 30+ years of longitudinal information, was used to examine how employment patterns starting at ages 22 (n ≈ 7,336) might be associated with sleep hours and quality, physical and mental functions, and the likelihood of reporting poor health and depressive symptoms at age 50. Sequence analysis found five dominant employment patterns between ages 22 and 49: "mostly not working" (10%), "early standard hours before transitioning into mostly variable hours" (12%), "early standard hours before transitioning into volatile schedules" (early ST-volatile, 17%), "mostly standard hours with some variable hours" (35%), and "stable standard hours" (26%). The multiple regression analyses indicate that having the "early ST-volatile" schedule pattern between ages 22 and 49 was consistently, significantly associated with the poorest health, including the fewest hours of sleep per day, the lowest sleep quality, the lowest physical and mental functions, and the highest likelihood of reporting poor health and depressive symptoms at age 50. In addition, social position plays a significant role in these adverse health consequences. For example, whereas non-Hispanic White women reported the most hours of sleep and non-Hispanic Black men reported the fewest, the opposite was true for sleep quality. In addition, non-Hispanic Black men with less than a high school education had the highest likelihood of reporting poor health at age 50 if they engaged in an employment pattern of "early ST-volatile" between ages 22 and 49. In comparison, non-Hispanic White men with a college degree or above education had the lowest likelihood of reporting poor health if they engaged in an employment pattern of stable standard hours. This analysis underscores the critical role of employment patterns in shaping our daily routines, which matter to sleep and physical and mental health as we approach middle adulthood. Notably, the groups with relatively disadvantaged social positions are also likely to be subject to nonstandard work schedules, including non-Hispanic Blacks and people with low education; hence, they were more likely than others to shoulder the harmful links between nonstandard work schedules and sleep and health, worsening their probability of maintaining and nurturing their health as they approach middle adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jui Han
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pandya BJ, Young C, Packnett ER, Xie B, Lillehaugen T, Block A, Bernacki K, Touya M, LeBlanc TW. Work absenteeism, disability, and lost wages among patients with acute myeloid leukemia and their caregivers: a cohort study using US administrative claims and productivity data. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2024; 24:521-532. [PMID: 38294308 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2024.2311305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe the impact of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis on workplace absenteeism and disability days among patients and their caregivers. METHODS This retrospective study included adults with newly diagnosed AML (2009-2019) and adult caregivers of patients with newly diagnosed AML, identified from the US Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial Database. The Merative MarketScan Health and Productivity Management Database provided linked patient-level records of workplace absence and short-term (STD) and long-term disability (LTD) data. Endpoints included workplace absence, STD and LTD for patients and caregivers during 12 months pre-AML (baseline) and ≤3 years' follow-up, and corresponding cost of work loss. RESULTS Patient workplace absence decreased in the months post-AML diagnosis, but the number of STD and LTD leave days claimed increased significantly by sixfold and fourfold, respectively. The proportion of patients making STD leave claims increased within 4-5 months of diagnosis, while the proportion making LTD leave claims increased significantly starting from month 5. Caregiver workplace absence peaked in the first 2 months post-diagnosis and remained elevated versus baseline throughout the study. CONCLUSION AML diagnosis leads to workplace absenteeism and increased economic burden for patients with AML and their caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik J Pandya
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Bin Xie
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | - Alana Block
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | - Maelys Touya
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin Y, Xie J, Wu D, Wang Y, Cai Y, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Li J, He W, Xu DR. Job preferences of Chinese primary health care workers: A discrete choice experiment. J Health Serv Res Policy 2024; 29:84-91. [PMID: 38108294 DOI: 10.1177/13558196231219386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary health workers (PHWs) are a critical pillar of health systems but primary health care centers often struggle to attract and retain talented staff. To better understand why this is, we investigated the job preference of PHWs in a Chinese urban setting. METHODS In a discrete choice experiment, PHWs from 15 primary health care centers in Guangzhou, China, made trade-offs between several hypothetical job scenario combinations of salary, type of health institution, bianzhi (permanent post), work years required for promotion, career development and training opportunities, educational opportunities for children, and community respect. Based on the estimate of the mixed logit model, willingness to pay and policy simulations were applied to estimate the utility of each attribute. RESULTS Data were collected from 446 PHWs. The PHWs were willing to forgo Chinese Renminbi 2806.1 (US$ 438.5) per month to obtain better education opportunities for their children, making it the most important non-monetary factor. Their preferences were also influenced relatively more by salary, bianzhi, and community respect, than with the other attributes we tested for, work years required for promotion, career development and training opportunities, and type of health institution. CONCLUSION Salary is a robust predictive factor, while three non-monetary factors (opportunities for children's education, bianzhi, and community respect) are essential in retaining health workers in primary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Lin
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Xie
- Panyu Shiqiao Street Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Haizhu Nanzhou Street Community Health Service Center, Gguangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Cai
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanping Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun He
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Roman Xu
- Acacia Lab for Implementation Science, SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT) and Center for World Health Organization Studies, School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Derbyshire DW, Jeanes E, Khedmati Morasae E, Reh S, Rogers M. Employer-focused interventions targeting disability employment: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2024; 347:116742. [PMID: 38484455 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
There are a wide range of interventions that are designed to influence employer behaviour with respect to the employment of people with disabilities. This study presents the results of a systematic review looking at employer-focused interventions to improve disability employment, focusing on interventions or policies taking placing in high-income countries as per the OECD. This systematic review focuses on a broad range of potential employment-related outcomes, including the employment rate, time to return to work and length of sickness absence. The results of 71 papers that evaluate the effectiveness of a range of interventions were synthesised into a narrative review. Interventions are grouped into six broad categories: anti-discrimination legislation, quota systems, part-time sick leave, graded return to work and wage subsidy schemes. Anti-discrimination legislation is not effective at improving the employment prospects of people with disabilities. There is mixed evidence with respect to quota systems and wage subsidy schemes. However, the availability of part time sick leave or graded return to work are both consistently associated with improved work participation for people with disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Derbyshire
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma Jeanes
- Department of Management, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan Reh
- Department of Management, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Morwenna Rogers
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu WH, Kuo JCL. Research Note: New Evidence on the Motherhood Wage Penalty. Demography 2024; 61:231-250. [PMID: 38469917 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11218936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
U.S. women's age at first birth has increased substantially. Yet, little research has considered how this changing behavior may have affected the motherhood pay penalty, or the wage decrease with a child's arrival, experienced by the current generation. Using Rounds 1-19 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), in this research note we examine shifts in hourly pay with childbirth for a cohort of women who became mothers mostly in the 2000s and 2010s. Results from fixed-effects models indicate that the motherhood pay penalty for NLSY97 women who had their first child before their late 20s is generally similar to that of previous cohorts. Those who became mothers near or after age 30, however, encounter a parenthood premium, as men do. The growing proportion of women delaying motherhood, coupled with the rising heterogeneity in motherhood wage outcomes by childbearing timing, contributes to a comparatively small motherhood penalty for this recent cohort. The pay advantage of "late mothers" cannot be explained by factors such as their labor market locations, number of children, stage of childrearing, marital status, or ethnoracial composition. Instead, the hourly gain stems from such mothers' tendency to reduce working hours more than other mothers without experiencing a commensurate decrease in total pay. Unlike the fatherhood premium, the premium for late mothers does not lead to a real boost in income.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Yu
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li M, Tang Y, Jin K. Labor market segmentation and the gender wage gap: Evidence from China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299355. [PMID: 38547091 PMCID: PMC10977760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the Chinese government has implemented a variety of measures, the gender wage gap in 21st century China has not decreased. A significant body of literature has studied this phenomenon using sector segmentation theory, but these studies have overlooked the importance of the collective economy beyond the public and private sectors. Moreover, they have lacked assessment of the gender wage gap across different wage groups, hindering an accurate estimation of the gender wage gap in China, and the formulation of appropriate recommendations. Utilizing micro-level data from 2004, 2008, and 2013, this paper examines trends in the gender wage gap within the public sector, private sector, and collective economy. Employing a selection bias correction based on the multinomial logit model, this study finds that the gender wage gap is smallest and most stable within the public sector. Furthermore, the private sector surpasses the collective economy in this period, becoming the sector with the largest gender wage gap. Meanwhile, a recentered influence function regression reveals a substantial gender wage gap among the low-wage population in all three sectors, as well as among the high-wage population in the private sector. Additionally, employing Brown wage decomposition, this study concludes that inter-sector, rather than intra-sector, differences account for the largest share of the gender wage gap, with gender discrimination in certain sectors identified as the primary cause. Finally, this paper provides policy recommendations aimed at addressing the gender wage gap among low-wage groups and within the private sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Common Prosperity and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- The Marxist College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyan Jin
- Department of Quantitative Methods in Economics and Business, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rimmer A. NHS staff to receive paid leave following pregnancy loss. BMJ 2024; 384:q638. [PMID: 38485118 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
|
16
|
Kim C, Bai Y, O'Campo P, Chum A. Impact of the minimum wage increase on intimate partner violence (IPV): a quasi-experimental study in South Korea. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:235-240. [PMID: 38262734 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poverty is associated with intimate partner violence (IPV), but whether exogenous increases in wage could reduce IPV among low-income women is still unclear. We examined whether the 2018 minimum wage hike led to a reduction in IPV risk among women. METHODS Using the 2015-2019 Korean Welfare Panel Study, we employed a difference-in-differences (DID) approach to assess the effect of the minimum wage hike on IPV. The analysis focused on married women aged 19 or older. We categorised participants into a target group (likely affected by the minimum wage increase) and a comparison group based on their hourly wage. Three IPV outcomes were examined: verbal abuse, physical threat and physical assault. We conducted DID analyses with two-way fixed-effects models. RESULTS The increase in minimum wage was correlated with a 3.2% decrease in the likelihood of experiencing physical threat among low-income female workers (95% CI: -6.2% to -0.1%). However, the policy change did not significantly influence the risk of verbal abuse, physical assault or a combined IPV outcome. The study also highlights a higher incidence of all IPV outcomes in the target group compared with the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS The 2018 minimum wage increase in Korea was associated with a modest reduction in physical threat among low-income female workers. While economic empowerment through minimum wage policies may contribute to IPV prevention, additional measures should be explored. Further research is needed to understand the intricate relationship between minimum wage policies and IPV, and evidence-based prevention strategies are crucial to address IPV risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chungah Kim
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yihong Bai
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia O'Campo
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antony Chum
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu XM, Geng LX, Zhang H, Han JF, Wang ZG. Analysis of the inhibitory effect of a refined human resources salary system on job transfer and transfer tendency of nurses. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37257. [PMID: 38457561 PMCID: PMC10919535 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of a refined human resources salary system on job transfer and transfer tendency. From January 2019 to December 2019, a refined human resources salary system reform was implemented at the Tangshan Workers' Hospital in Hebei Province, and the job transfer and transfer tendency of clinical nurses was assessed using the nurse job transfer tendency scale before and 1 year after the intervention. A total of 640 nurses completed the intervention and evaluation. The results showed that the job transfer rate following the intervention reduced to 0.22%. The total score of clinical nurse job transfer tendency was (10.80 ± 3.23) before the intervention and (9.66 ± 3.58) after 1 year of intervention, which was substantially lower (P < .001). The satisfaction scores of nurses on performance-based salary increased significantly from (67.83 ± 18.54) before the intervention to (80.66 ± 15.87) after intervention, with varying degrees of increase observed in each dimension (P < .001). The refined human resources salary system effectively reduced job transfer and transfer tendency of clinical nurses in hospital nursing management, and can be widely promoted and applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Liu
- Department of Nursing, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Xuan Geng
- Department of Nursing, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian-Fei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mourits MJE, Schröder CP. [Gender pay gap in a large university hospital in the Netherlands]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2024; 168:D7920. [PMID: 38451168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in payment between men and women are common. The goal of this study was to assess differences in payment in a large Dutch university hospital. METHODS The Human Resource Management & Organizational BehaviorCenter, University of Groningen conducted the study. Anonymous monthly data from UMCG employees from 2012-2020 (13,212 employees with a permanent appointment and a minimum size of 0.2 Full Time Equivalent (FTE)), were used regarding salary, function, leadership position, department, age, gender, FTE, bonuses and allowances. The total salary consisted of gross salary, bonuses and allowances. Medical specialists were further divided in surgical, medical and support groups. RESULTS Female employees earned on average less than their male colleagues throughout the entire period. In 2020, female medical specialists received an average of 6.1% less salary than male colleagues; for non-medical staff this was 3.2%. A breakdown by salary components showed that for the medical specialists the difference in total salary was not due to differences in gross salary (-0.5%), but to the difference in allowances and bonuses. Female medical specialists received up to 7.1% less in bonuses and up to 5.4% less in allowances and for non-medical staff, in addition to a significant difference in gross salary in 2020 (average -1.7%), a similar pattern was seen. Among medical specialists, the difference was greatest for surgical specialists: 9.9%, compared to 3.0% and 0.4% for medical and support specialists respectively. CONCLUSION We showed a gender payment gap within one of the largest university hospitals of the Netherlands, which is systematic, in time and throughout the institution. The most striking differences are due to bonuses and gratifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian J E Mourits
- UMC Groningen-Universiteit van Groningen, afd. Obstetrie en Gynaecologie,Groningen
- Contact:
| | - Carolien P Schröder
- UMC Groningen-Universiteit van Groningen, afd. Medische Oncologie, Groningen
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stucky KJ, Baker LN, Rush BK, Waldron-Perrine B, Dean PM, Tlustos SJ, Barisa M. Training in Neurorehabilitation Psychology: Defining Competencies, Requisite Skill Sets, and a Proposed Developmental Pathway. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 105:604-610. [PMID: 37657530 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Psychologists have been applying neurorehabilitation models of care for many years. These practitioners come from different training backgrounds and use a variety of titles to refer to themselves despite considerable overlap in practice patterns, professional identification, and salary. Titles like 'neurorehabilitation psychologist' and 'rehabilitation neuropsychologist' are sometimes used by practitioners in the field to indicate their specialty area, but are not formally recognized by the American Psychological Association, the American Board of Professional Psychology, or by training councils in clinical neuropsychology (CN) or rehabilitation psychology (RP). Neither the CN or RP specialties alone fully address or define the competencies, skill sets, and clinical experiences required to provide high quality, comprehensive neurorehabilitation psychology services across settings. Therefore, irrespective of practice setting, we believe that both clinical neuropsychologists and rehabilitation psychologists should ideally have mastery of specific, overlapping competencies and a philosophical approach to care that we call neurorehabilitation psychology in this paper. Trainees and early career professionals who aspire to practice in this arena are often pressured to prioritize either CN or RP pathways over the other, with anxiety about perceived and real potential for falling short in their training goals. In the absence of an explicit training path or formal guidelines, these professionals emerge only after the opportunity, privilege, or frank luck of working with specific mentors or in exceptional patient care settings that lend themselves to obtaining integrated competencies in neurorehabilitation psychology. This paper reflects the efforts of 7 practitioners to preliminarily define the practice and philosophies of neurorehabilitation psychology, the skill sets and competencies deemed essential for best practice, and essential training pathway elements. We propose competencies designed to maximize the integrity of training and provide clear guideposts for professional development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beth K Rush
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brigid Waldron-Perrine
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | | | - Sarah J Tlustos
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Mark Barisa
- Psychology Department, University of North Texas, Denton, TX; Performance Neuropsychology, Frisco, TX
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Brady S. New Role, New Paycheck: The Impact on Women's Wages When Becoming a Caregiver for an Aging Parent. Res Aging 2024; 46:197-209. [PMID: 37977132 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231217297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: While prior research demonstrates the negative impacts of adult caregiving on women's employment, less research examines how women's employment changes when beginning a new caregiving role. Methods: Using data from eight waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2018), I examine changes in women's employment when first transitioning into parental caregiving between the ages of 50-60, by analyzing changes in labor force participation, work hours, and hourly wages. Results: The transition into parental caregiving was not associated with women exiting the workforce or decreasing their work hours. However, caregivers did experience a decrease in inflation-adjusted hourly wages compared to non-caregivers, with the greatest wage penalties associated with high-intensity caregiving situations. Conclusion: Results demonstrate how parental caregiving may act as a shock to women's financial health at a critical career stage. This study highlights the less visible, but detrimental, financial consequences women experience when taking on a family caregiving role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Brady
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shawa J, Ehsan Z. Perspective: Women's leadership and salary inequality in sleep medicine. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:475-477. [PMID: 38054468 PMCID: PMC11019220 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Gender inequity exists within medicine in both compensation and leadership positions. In this perspective, the data on American Academy of Sleep Medicine leadership positions held by women and compensation differences between men and women physicians in an American Academy of Sleep Medicine compensation survey were studied. The results showed significant improvement in the inclusivity of women in senior-level leadership. However, the compensation data showed that women physicians received around 15% less pay than men physicians, even when calculated based on work relative value unit. CITATION Shawa J, Ehsan Z. Perspective: women's leadership and salary inequality in sleep medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(3):475-477.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zarmina Ehsan
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smith SR, Blair CM, Lovasik BP, Little LA, Sweeney JF, Sarmiento JM. Use of Perioperative Advanced Practice Providers to Reduce Cost and Readmission in the Postoperative Hepatopancreatobiliary Population: Results of a Simulation Study. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:313-320. [PMID: 37930898 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative healthcare use and readmissions are common among the hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) population. We evaluated the surgical volume required to sustain advanced practice providers (APPs) in the perioperative setting for cost reduction. STUDY DESIGN Using decision analysis modeling, we evaluated costs of employing dedicated perioperative APP navigators compared with no APPs navigators. Simulated subjects could: (1) present to an emergency department, with or without readmission, (2) present for direct readmission, (3) require additional office visits, or (4) require no additional care. We informed our model using the most current available published data and performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate thresholds under which dedicated perioperative APP navigators are beneficial. RESULTS Subjects within the APP navigator cohort accumulated $1,270 and a readmission rate of 6.9%, compared with $2,170 and 13.5% with no APP navigators, yielding a cost savings of $905 and 48% relative reduction in readmission. Based on these estimated cost savings and national salary ranges, a perioperative APPs become financially self-sustaining with 113 to 139 annual HPB cases, equating to 2 to 3 HPB cases weekly. Sensitivity analyses revealed that perioperative APP navigators were no longer cost saving when direct readmission rates exceeded 8.9% (base case 3.7%). CONCLUSIONS We show that readmissions are reduced by nearly 50% with an associated cost savings of $900 when employing dedicated perioperative APPs. This position becomes financially self-sufficient with an annual HPB case load of 113 to 139 cases. High-volume HPB centers could benefit from postdischarge APP navigators to optimize outcomes, minimize high-value resource use, and ultimately save costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R Smith
- From the Department of Surgery (Smith, Blair, Lovasik, Sweeney, Sarmiento)
| | - Catherine M Blair
- From the Department of Surgery (Smith, Blair, Lovasik, Sweeney, Sarmiento)
| | - Brendan P Lovasik
- From the Department of Surgery (Smith, Blair, Lovasik, Sweeney, Sarmiento)
| | - Lori A Little
- Winship Cancer Institute (Little, Sarmiento), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - John F Sweeney
- From the Department of Surgery (Smith, Blair, Lovasik, Sweeney, Sarmiento)
| | - Juan M Sarmiento
- From the Department of Surgery (Smith, Blair, Lovasik, Sweeney, Sarmiento)
- Winship Cancer Institute (Little, Sarmiento), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thompson MB, Johnson QR, Lindsay KG, Dawes JJ. Development of an Abbreviated Model for Predicting Functional Movement Screen Score Within Tactical Populations. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:607-611. [PMID: 38416446 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Thompson, MB, Johnson, QR, Lindsay, KG, and Dawes, JJ. Development of an abbreviated model for predicting functional movement screen score within tactical populations. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 607-611, 2024-The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool commonly used to identify compensations when performing 7 specific movement patterns. Timely administration of the full FMS is largely dependent on the practitioner's familiarity and experience with the screening battery. When working in populations that are time-poor (i.e., tactical professionals), administration of the full movement pattern battery is not always feasible. The purpose of this study was to determine which, if any, combination of movement patterns that comprise the FMS could be used to predict total score on this screen among first responders. Functional Movement Screen scores for 99 male subjects (mean ± SD; age: 37.55 ± 9.83 years; height: 180.38 ± 6.59 cm; and body mass: 97.87 ± 15.32 kg) and 9 female subjects (age: 33.22 ± 3.99 years; height: 172.11 ± 8.19 cm; and body mass: 83.99 ± 14.09 kg) from a single law enforcement and fire agency were used for this analysis. Subjects performed the full FMS, which consisted of the following movement patterns: deep squat (DS), hurdle step (HS), in-line lunge (ILL), shoulder mobility (SM), active straight leg raise (ASLR), trunk stability push-up (PU), and rotary stability (RS). A stepwise regression was used to determine the best predictors of the FMS 7-pattern model based on the model's R2. Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's lambda-2 were used to determine the reliability of the proposed models. The regression indicated that a 4-pattern model consisting of DS, ILL, SM, and PU was sufficient to predict approximately 84% of the full model (adjusted R2 = 0.84, p ≤ 0.001). This 4-pattern model was shown to be reliable with the 7-pattern model (α = 0.93, λ = 0.93). Using this modified version of the FMS may allow practitioners working in tactical populations a time-efficient method of identifying dysfunctional movement and determine whether the full 7-pattern model of the FMS should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Thompson
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
- Tactical Fitness and Nutrition Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
| | - Quincy R Johnson
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Keston G Lindsay
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - J Jay Dawes
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
- Tactical Fitness and Nutrition Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Klein A, Kayingo G, Schrode KM, Soria K. Physician Assistants/Associates With Doctoral Degrees: Where Are They Now? J Physician Assist Educ 2024; 35:14-20. [PMID: 37791756 PMCID: PMC10878439 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of holding a doctoral credential by clinically practicing physician assistants/associates (PAs) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate practice patterns and describe demographic characteristics of PAs who have terminal doctoral degrees. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data obtained from the 2021 Salary Survey of the American Academy of PAs. A total of 13,865 PAs responded to the survey for an estimated response rate of 13.3%. We examined the relationships between holding a doctoral degree, demographic characteristics, and work-related variables. Descriptive bivariate statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS Most of the PAs (93.6%) with doctoral degrees were older than 30 years and self-identified as female (55%). There were higher proportions of non-White individuals among those with doctorates compared with general PA population. Of the PAs holding doctoral degrees, 90.4% were primarily clinicians and 9.6% were primarily educators. Physician assistants/associates with doctoral degrees were employed with their current employer longer than PAs without doctoral degrees. Most of the PAs with doctoral degrees held informal or formal leadership and had an annual salary above the median (62.3%) compared with PAs without doctoral degrees (40.0%). CONCLUSION There are statistically significant differences in practice patterns and demographic factors between PAs with and without doctoral degrees. Physician assistants/associates with doctoral degrees were older, were male, and held leadership positions. Taken together, holding a doctoral credential may improve upward mobility at workplaces. Qualitative studies are warranted to further understand the motivation and impact of holding a doctoral credential among clinically practicing PAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Klein
- Alicia Klein, EdD, MS, PA-C, is a director of academic education, assistant professor, Physician Assistant Program, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Gerald Kayingo, PhD, MBA, PA-C, is an assistant dean, executive director and professor, Physician Assistant Leadership and Learning Academy, Graduate School, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
- Katrina M. Schrode, PhD, is a research assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- Krista Soria, PhD, is an assistant professor, Leadership and Counseling, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Gerald Kayingo
- Alicia Klein, EdD, MS, PA-C, is a director of academic education, assistant professor, Physician Assistant Program, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Gerald Kayingo, PhD, MBA, PA-C, is an assistant dean, executive director and professor, Physician Assistant Leadership and Learning Academy, Graduate School, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
- Katrina M. Schrode, PhD, is a research assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- Krista Soria, PhD, is an assistant professor, Leadership and Counseling, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Katrina M. Schrode
- Alicia Klein, EdD, MS, PA-C, is a director of academic education, assistant professor, Physician Assistant Program, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Gerald Kayingo, PhD, MBA, PA-C, is an assistant dean, executive director and professor, Physician Assistant Leadership and Learning Academy, Graduate School, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
- Katrina M. Schrode, PhD, is a research assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- Krista Soria, PhD, is an assistant professor, Leadership and Counseling, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Krista Soria
- Alicia Klein, EdD, MS, PA-C, is a director of academic education, assistant professor, Physician Assistant Program, Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Gerald Kayingo, PhD, MBA, PA-C, is an assistant dean, executive director and professor, Physician Assistant Leadership and Learning Academy, Graduate School, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
- Katrina M. Schrode, PhD, is a research assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- Krista Soria, PhD, is an assistant professor, Leadership and Counseling, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Omoruyi EA, Brown CL, Orr CJ, Montez K. Examining Full-Time Academic General Pediatric Faculty Compensation by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity: 2020-2021. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:309-317. [PMID: 37285912 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In medicine, women have lower lifetime earnings than men. To our knowledge, an in-depth examination of academic general pediatric faculty compensation by gender, race, and ethnicity has not been conducted. We aimed to 1) explore full-time academic general pediatric faculty salary differences by race and ethnicity; 2) explore these differences among all full-time pediatric faculty. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using data on median full-time academic general pediatric faculty compensation for the academic year of 2020-2021 from the Association of American Medical Colleges Medical School Faculty Salary Survey report. Pearson's chi-square tests were used to evaluate the association of faculty rank with gender, race, ethnicity, and degree. We used hierarchical generalize linear models with a log link and a gamma distribution to model to assess the association of median salary with faculty race and ethnicity, adjusting for degree, rank, and gender. RESULTS Men academic general pediatric faculty consistently had higher median salaries than women faculty even after adjusting for degree, rank, race, and ethnicity. Underrepresented in medicine academic general pediatric faculty had a lower median salary when compared to White faculty, and this was similar when adjusted for degree, rank, race, and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated broad disparities in general academic pediatric compensation by both gender and race and ethnicity. Academic medical centers must identify, acknowledge, and address inequities in compensation models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Omoruyi
- Department of Pediatrics (EA Omoruyi), McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex.
| | - Callie L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (CL Brown), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | - Colin J Orr
- Department of Pediatrics (CJ Orr), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Kimberly Montez
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy (K Montez), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Adashi EY, O'Mahony DP, Cohen IG. Paying for Over-the-Counter Contraception: The Opill Quandary. Am J Med 2024; 137:200-201. [PMID: 38110071 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Y Adashi
- Medical Science, Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI.
| | | | - I Glenn Cohen
- Harvard School of Law, Haravard University, Cambridge, Mass
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chapman LE, Berkowitz SA, Ammerman A, De Marco M, Ng SW, Zimmer C, Caspi CE. Examining Changes in Food Security, Perceived Stress, and Dietary Intake in a Cohort of Low-Wage Workers Experiencing an Increase in Hourly Wage. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:263-273. [PMID: 36373653 PMCID: PMC10183054 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221128005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether an increase in hourly wages was associated with changes in food security and perceived stress among low-wage workers. We also determined whether changes in food security and stress were associated with changes in diet. SETTING Wages is a prospective cohort study following 974 low-wage workers in Minneapolis, MN, where an ordinance is incrementally increasing minimum wage to US$15/hr from 2018 to 2022, and a comparison community with no minimum wage ordinance (Raleigh, NC). Interaction models were estimated using generalized estimating equations. PARTICIPANTS Analyses used two waves of data (2018 [baseline], 2019) and included 219 and 321 low-wage workers in Minneapolis and Raleigh (respectively). RESULTS Average hourly wages increased from US$9.77 (SD US$1.69) to US$11.67 (SD US$4.02). Changes in wages were not associated with changes in food security (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.89, 1.23], p = .57) or stress (β = -0.01, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.03], p = .70) after 1 year of policy implementation. Changes in food security were not associated with changes in diet. However, we found significant changes in the frequency of fruit and vegetable intake across time by levels of stress, with decreased intake from Wave 1 to 2 at low levels of stress, and increased intake at high levels of stress (incidence rate ratio = 1.17, 95% CI [1.05, 1.31], p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Changes in wages were not associated with changes in food security or stress in a sample of low-wage workers. Future research should examine whether full implementation of a minimum wage increase is associated with changes in these outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth A. Berkowitz
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alice Ammerman
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Molly De Marco
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shu Wen Ng
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Zimmer
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Krasna H, Venkataraman M, Patino I. Salary Disparities in Public Health Occupations: Analysis of Federal Data, 2021‒2022. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:329-339. [PMID: 38271651 PMCID: PMC10882389 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. To assess salary differences between workers within key public health occupations in local or state government and workers in the same occupations in the private sector. Methods. We used the US Department of Labor's Occupational Employment and Wage Survey (OEWS). Referencing previous studies matching Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes with health department occupations, we selected 44 SOC codes. We contrasted median salaries in OEWS for workers in each occupation within state or local government with workers in the same occupations outside government. Results. Thirty of 44 occupations paid at least 5% less in government than the private sector, with 10 occupations, primarily in management, computer, and scientific or research occupations paying between 20% and 46.9% less in government. Inspection and compliance roles, technicians, and certain clinicians had disparities of 10% to 19%. Six occupations, primarily in social work or counseling, paid 24% to 38.7% more in government. Conclusions. To develop a sustainable public health workforce, health departments must consider adjusting their salaries if possible, market their strong benefits or public service mission, or use creative recruitment incentives such as student loan repayment programs for hard-to-fill roles. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(3):329-339. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307512).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Krasna
- Heather Krasna, Malvika Venkataraman, and Isabella Patino are with Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Malvika Venkataraman
- Heather Krasna, Malvika Venkataraman, and Isabella Patino are with Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Isabella Patino
- Heather Krasna, Malvika Venkataraman, and Isabella Patino are with Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bettinelli ME, Smith JP, Haider R, Sulaiman Z, Stehel E, Young M, Bartick M. ABM Position Statement: Paid Maternity Leave-Importance to Society, Breastfeeding, and Sustainable Development. Breastfeed Med 2024; 19:141-151. [PMID: 38489526 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2024.29266.meb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Paid maternity leave benefits all of society, reducing infant mortality and providing economic gains. It is endorsed by international treaties. Paid maternity leave is important for breastfeeding, bonding, and recovery from childbirth. Not all mothers have access to adequate paid maternity leave. Key Information: Paid leave helps meet several of the 17 United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10), including fostering economic growth. A family's expenses will rise with the arrival of an infant. Paid leave is often granted with partial pay. Many low-wage workers earn barely enough to meet their needs and are unable to take advantage of paid leave. Undocumented immigrants and self-employed persons, including those engaging in informal work, are often omitted from maternity leave programs. Recommendations: Six months of paid leave at 100% pay, or cash equivalent, should be available to mothers regardless of income, employment, or immigration status. At the very minimum, 18 weeks of fully paid leave should be granted. Partial pay for low-wage workers is insufficient. Leave and work arrangements should be flexible whenever possible. Longer flexible leave for parents of sick and preterm infants is essential. Providing adequate paid leave for partners has multiple benefits. Increasing minimum wages can help more families utilize paid leave. Cash benefits per birth can help informal workers and undocumented mothers afford to take leave. Equitable paid maternity leave must be primarily provided by governments and cannot be accomplished by employers alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Patricia Smith
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rukhsana Haider
- Training and Assistance for Health and Nutrition Foundation (TAHN), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zaharah Sulaiman
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth Stehel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michal Young
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Melissa Bartick
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nash J, Ross AJ, Naidoo M, Ras T, Brits H, Mathew S. Health budget cuts will be paid for by the most vulnerable. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2024; 66:e1-e2. [PMID: 38572882 PMCID: PMC10913106 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v66i1.5934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
No abstract available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Nash
- Eastern Cape Department of Health, Amathole District, Eastern Cape, South Africa; and South African Academy of Family Physicians, Durbanville.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Clark AD, Myers TC, Steury TD, Krzton A, Yanes J, Barber A, Barry J, Barua S, Eaton K, Gosavi D, Nance R, Pervaiz Z, Ugochukwu C, Hartman P, Stevison LS. Does it pay to pay? A comparison of the benefits of open-access publishing across various sub-fields in biology. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16824. [PMID: 38436005 PMCID: PMC10906259 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Authors are often faced with the decision of whether to maximize traditional impact metrics or minimize costs when choosing where to publish the results of their research. Many subscription-based journals now offer the option of paying an article processing charge (APC) to make their work open. Though such "hybrid" journals make research more accessible to readers, their APCs often come with high price tags and can exclude authors who lack the capacity to pay to make their research accessible. Here, we tested if paying to publish open access in a subscription-based journal benefited authors by conferring more citations relative to closed access articles. We identified 146,415 articles published in 152 hybrid journals in the field of biology from 2013-2018 to compare the number of citations between various types of open access and closed access articles. In a simple generalized linear model analysis of our full dataset, we found that publishing open access in hybrid journals that offer the option confers an average citation advantage to authors of 17.8 citations compared to closed access articles in similar journals. After taking into account the number of authors, Journal Citation Reports 2020 Quartile, year of publication, and Web of Science category, we still found that open access generated significantly more citations than closed access (p < 0.0001). However, results were complex, with exact differences in citation rates among access types impacted by these other variables. This citation advantage based on access type was even similar when comparing open and closed access articles published in the same issue of a journal (p < 0.0001). However, by examining articles where the authors paid an article processing charge, we found that cost itself was not predictive of citation rates (p = 0.14). Based on our findings of access type and other model parameters, we suggest that, in the case of the 152 journals we analyzed, paying for open access does confer a citation advantage. For authors with limited budgets, we recommend pursuing open access alternatives that do not require paying a fee as they still yielded more citations than closed access. For authors who are considering where to submit their next article, we offer additional suggestions on how to balance exposure via citations with publishing costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Tanner C. Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Todd D. Steury
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Ali Krzton
- Auburn University Libraries, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Julio Yanes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Angela Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Barry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Katherine Eaton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Devadatta Gosavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Nance
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Zahida Pervaiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Chidozie Ugochukwu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Patricia Hartman
- Auburn University Libraries, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Laurie S. Stevison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Petravić L, Bajec B, Burger E, Tiefengraber E, Slavec A, Strnad M. Emergency physician personnel crisis: a survey on attitudes of new generations in Slovenia. BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38355454 PMCID: PMC10865631 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-00940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency departments globally are overburdened, and emergency medicine residency is losing popularity among students and physicians. This raises concerns about the collapse of a life-saving system. Our goal was to identify the key workforce reasoning and question medical staff employment behavior. METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study. In December 2022, medical students and pre-residency doctors in Slovenia were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire. The data were analyzed using T-test, chi-square test, Mann‒Whitney-Wilcoxon tests, and principal component analysis. Open-ended questions were hand-categorized. RESULTS There were 686 participatns who clicked on the first page and 436 of those finished the survey. 4% of participants gave a clear positive response, while 11% responded positively regarding their decision to pursue emergency medicine residency. The popularity of emergency medicine decreases significantly among recent medical school graduates upon their initial employment. People who choose emergency medicine are less concerned about its complexity and pressure compared to others. Most respondents preferred 12-hour shift lengths. The preferred base salary range for residents was I$ 3623-4529, and for specialists, it was I$ 5435-6341. The sample's primary personal priorities are achieving a satisfactory work-life balance, earning respect from colleagues, and engaging in academic activities. Factors that attract individuals to choose emergency medicine include high hourly wages, establishment of standards and norms, and reduced working hours. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that enhancing compensation, establishing achievable standards and norms, facilitating a beneficial work-life equilibrium, providing assistance with initial property acquisition, stimulating participation in deficit residency programs, fostering collegiality among peers, restricting the duration of shifts, and enabling pension accrual may be imperative in attracting more individuals to pursue emergency medicine residency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Petravić
- Center for Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Boštjan Bajec
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Evgenija Burger
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Tiefengraber
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ana Slavec
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6a, 6310, Izola, Slovenia
- Department of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Matej Strnad
- Center for Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Community healthcare center dr. Adolf Drolca, Prehospital unit, Ulica talcev 9, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Perez Avellaneda I, Rosales F, Duffaut Espinosa LA. Feedback dynamic control for exiting a debt-induced spiral in a deterministic Keen model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295859. [PMID: 38335197 PMCID: PMC10857719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Keen model is designed to represent an economy as a dynamic system governed by the interactions between private debt, wage share, and employment rate. When certain conditions are met, the model can lead to a debt spiral, which accurately mimics the impact of a financial crisis on an economy. This manuscript presents a recipe for breaking this spiral by expressing Keen's model as an affine nonlinear system that can be modified through policy interventions. We begin by considering critical initial conditions that resemble a financial crisis to achieve this goal. We then locate a desired point within the system's vector field that leads to a desirable equilibrium and design a path towards it. This path is later followed using one-step-ahead optimal control. We illustrate our approach by presenting simulated control scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Perez Avellaneda
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | | | - Luis A. Duffaut Espinosa
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaso AW, Obsie GW, Debela BG, Tololu AK, Mohammed E, Hareru HE, Sisay D, Agero G, Hailu A. Willingness to pay for Social Health Insurance and associated factors among Public Civil Servants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293513. [PMID: 38335220 PMCID: PMC10857707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The provision of equitable and accessible healthcare is one of the goals of universal health coverage. However, due to high out-of-pocket payments, people in the world lack sufficient health services, especially in developing countries. Thus, many low and middle-income countries introduced different prepayment mechanisms to reduce large out-of-pocket payments and overcome financial barriers to accessing health care. Though many studies were conducted on willingness to pay for social health insurance in Ethiopia, there is no aggregated data at the national level. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled magnitude of willingness to pay for social health insurance and its associated factors among public servants in Ethiopia. METHOD Studies conducted before June 1, 2022, were retrieved from electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) as well as from Universities' digital repositories. Data were extracted using a data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel and the analysis was performed using STATA 16 statistical software. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. To evaluate publication bias, a funnel plot, and Egger's regression test were utilized. The study's heterogeneity was determined using Cochrane Q test statistics and the I2 test. To determine the pooled effect size, odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals across studies, the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used. Subgroup analysis was conducted by region, sample size, and publication year. The influence of a single study on the whole estimate was determined via sensitivity analysis. RESULT To estimate the pooled magnitude of willingness to pay for the Social Health insurance scheme in Ethiopia, twenty articles with a total of 8744 participants were included in the review. The pooled magnitude of willingness to pay for Social Health Insurance in Ethiopia was 49.62% (95% CI: 36.41-62.82). Monthly salary (OR = 6.52; 95% CI:3.67,11.58), having the degree and above educational status (OR = 5.52; 95%CI:4.42,7.17), large family size(OR = 3.69; 95% CI:1.10,12.36), having the difficulty of paying the bill(OR = 3.24; 95%CI: 1.51, 6.96), good quality of services(OR = 4.20; 95%CI:1.97, 8.95), having favourable attitude (OR = 5.28; 95%CI:1.45, 19.18) and awareness of social health insurance scheme (OR = 3.09;95% CI:2.12,4.48) were statistically associated with willingness to pay for Social health insurance scheme. CONCLUSIONS In this review, the magnitude of willingness to pay for Social Health insurance was low among public Civil servants in Ethiopia. Willingness to pay for Social Health Insurance was significantly associated with monthly salary, educational status, family size, the difficulty of paying medical bills, quality of healthcare services, awareness, and attitude towards the Social Health Insurance program. Hence, it's recommended to conduct awareness creation through on-the-job training about Social Health Insurance benefit packages and principles to improve the willingness to pay among public servants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdene Weya Kaso
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Worku Obsie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Gidisa Debela
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Abdurehman Kalu Tololu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Esmael Mohammed
- Bokoji Primary Hospital, Oromia Health Bureau, Bokoji, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Endashaw Hareru
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Sisay
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Gebi Agero
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Hailu
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Science, Section for Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Davis R. Contribute to SPVS salary survey 2024. Vet Rec 2024; 194:120. [PMID: 38305511 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Davis
- SPVS, First Floor Office, 3 Hornton Place, London, W8 4LZ
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bartmess MP, Myers CR, Thomas SP, Hardesty PD, Atchley K. Original Research: A Real 'Voice' or 'Lip Service'? Experiences of Staff Nurses Who Have Served on Staffing Committees. Am J Nurs 2024; 124:20-31. [PMID: 38212011 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0001006368.29892.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurse staffing committees offer a means for improving nurse staffing and nursing work environments in hospital settings by giving direct care nurses opportunities to contribute to staffing decision-making. These committees may be mandated by state law, as is the case currently in nine U.S. states, yet little is known about the experiences of staff nurses who have served on them. PURPOSE AND DESIGN This qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore the experiences of direct care nurses who have served on nurse staffing committees, and to better understand how such committees operate. METHODS Participants were recruited by sharing information about the study through online nursing organization platforms, hospital nurse leadership, state chapters of national nursing organizations, social media, and nonconfidential nursing email lists. A total of 14 nurses from five U.S. states that have had nurse staffing committee legislation in place for at least three years were interviewed between April and October 2022. RESULTS Four themes were identified from the data-a "well-valued" committee versus one with "locked away" potential: committee value; "who benefits": staffing committee beneficiaries; "not just the numbers": defining adequate staffing; and "constantly pushing": committee members' persistence. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the importance of actualizing staff nurse autonomy within nurse staffing committees-and invite further exploration into how staff nurses' perspectives can be better valued by nursing and nonnursing hospital leadership. Nurse staffing committees generally recommend staffing-related policies and practices that address the needs of patients and nurses, and work to find areas of compromise between nursing and hospital entities. But to be effective, the state laws that govern nurse staffing committees should be enforceable and evaluable, while committee practices should contribute to positive patient, nurse, and organizational outcomes; otherwise, they're just another form of paying lip service to change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa P Bartmess
- Marissa P. Bartmess is clinical assistant professor at the College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Carole R. Myers is a professor emerita at the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Knoxville (UTK), where Pamela D. Hardesty is a professor and Sandra P. Thomas is a professor and chair of the PhD program. Kate Atchley is director of the Executive MBA in Healthcare Leadership and the Physician Executive MBA programs at UTK's Haslam College of Business. Marissa P. Bartmess received study funding through a Sigma Small Grant from the Gamma Chi Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing and the Sara Rosenbalm Croley Endowed Dean's Chair held by Victoria Niederhauser at UTK. Contact author: Marissa P. Bartmess, . The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sherman BW, Stiehl E, Wator C, Pratap PL. Why Don't Employees Participate in Well-being Programs? A Research-Informed Systems-Based Model. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:156-160. [PMID: 37964600 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Employee nonparticipation in well-being programs is common, but not well understood. Development of a systems-based framework to characterize reasons for nonparticipation can inform efforts to enhance engagement. METHODS Following literature review and building on previous research, a systems-based model was developed to contextualize participation barriers. RESULTS Well-being program nonparticipation is more frequent among low-wage workers as well as minority subpopulations. Contributors include employer factors, such as inequitable benefits design, and employee factors, such as lack of perceived relevance, barriers to access, and lower prioritization of personal health needs. CONCLUSIONS A systems-based approach to evaluating well-being program nonparticipation can help identify factors contributing to employee nonparticipation and lead to targeted policy and practice changes that encourage greater employee engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W Sherman
- From the University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC (B.W.S.); Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (B.W.S.); and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL (E.S., C.W., P.L.P.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Workers in global supply chains face forced labour, hazardous working conditions, excessive overtime, violence, union busting, and other abuses. They may be cheated of wages and bonuses promised by recruiters or dismissed without due process. They need remedy and, in fact, have a right to an effective remedy, but remedy for business-related harms in global supply chains is rare. The Principles for Worker-Driven Remedy offer a framework for making remedy a reality for workers when their rights are violated and when they are harmed in global supply chains. Developed by Electronics Watch in consultation with trade unions, labour rights organizations, and public buyers, the Principles put affected workers at the heart of the remedy process. Electronics Watch will develop tools and procedures to help public buyers to use the Principles in supplier engagement, tenders, and contract management. We encourage companies and other organizations to adopt and adapt them to address harm to workers in supply chains.
Collapse
|
39
|
Oke I, Tisdale AK. Comment on: Salary Negotiations: Gender Differences in Attitudes, Priorities, and Behaviors of Ophthalmologists. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 258:217. [PMID: 37863303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
|
40
|
Sood S, Al-Aswad LA. Reply to Comment on "Salary Negotiations: Gender Differences in Attitudes, Priorities and Behaviors of Ophthalmologists". Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 258:218. [PMID: 37863304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Sood
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital/Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Lama A Al-Aswad
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cupák A, Ciaian P, Kancs D. The relative pay for foreign work: A novel evidence from home and host countries. Soc Sci Res 2024; 118:102977. [PMID: 38336425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The literature has robustly documented a negative migrant-native wage gap in developed economies. Yet empirical evidence of pay differences has been elusive for developing countries. We approach this question by leveraging internationally harmonised microdata with 1.5 million individuals from 6 transition and developing countries and 15 OECD economies spanning from 1995 to 2016 and employ counterfactual decomposition techniques which allow us to control for individual-productivity and job-specific characteristics, and explain up to 74% of the observed immigrant-native wage gap. The Blinder-Oaxaca baseline results indicate that, vis-à-vis comparable workers born in developed economies, the pay for workers born in transition and developing economies is discounted both in their home country labour markets and - if migrating - also in developed host country labour markets. However, the unexplained native-to-migrant wage gap remains sizeable in most countries even after controlling for productivity differentials (26% and more). Cross-country correlation analyses provide a direct empirical evidence of the link between variation in unobserved job characteristics and skills among foreign-born and native-born workers and wage gap, while the labour market institutions and especially the labour market discrimination environment are of a second-order importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Cupák
- National Bank of Slovakia, Imricha Karvaša 1, 813 25, Bratislava, Slovakia; University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemská Cesta 1, 852 35, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Pavel Ciaian
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027, Ispra,(VA), Italy.
| | - d'Artis Kancs
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027, Ispra,(VA), Italy. d'
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pandian RK. Globalization of production, manufacturing employment, and income inequality in developing nations. Soc Sci Res 2024; 118:102975. [PMID: 38336426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Theories of income distribution in developing nations suggest contrasting expectations regarding how employment industrialization affects income inequality. However, past studies have not considered how the globalization of production shapes the relationship between manufacturing share of employment and income inequality in developing countries. Relatedly, social scientists argue that the globalization of production has exacerbated inequality, but past cross-national research focused on the Global South has yielded inconsistent findings regarding the trade-inequality link. In this article, I draw on the political economy literature focused on the distributional effects of global value chains (GVCs) in the developing world and argue that the rise of globalized production in recent decades has undermined the egalitarian characteristics of the manufacturing sector. While the sector was characterized by higher wages for low-skilled workers and a compressed wage distribution, I argue that rising competition, declining bargaining power of workers, and skill-biased industrial upgrading associated with GVCs has stretched wage distributions and heightened the skill premium in the manufacturing sector. Empirical analyses of cross-national panel data from broad samples of developing nations between 1970 and 2014 suggest that global integration has diminished the equalizing effect of manufacturing employment. I conclude by discussing the prospects for inclusive development in this era of globalization as well as the theoretical and policy implications of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan K Pandian
- Department of Sociology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Baek SU, Yoon JH. Effect of long working hours on psychological distress among young workers in different types of occupation. Prev Med 2024; 179:107829. [PMID: 38122936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated how the association between long working hours and psychological distress varies across different employment and occupation types in young workers. METHODS Examining a nationally representative sample of 7246 Korean workers (3621 women) aged 15 to 40, we analyzed 23,492 observations spanning from 2016 to 2020. Psychological distress was measured using the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument. We employed a generalized estimating equation to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of the total observations, 5.2% worked <35 h/week, 52.9% worked 35-40 h/week, 23.5% worked 41-48 h/week, 10.3% worked 49-54 h/week, and 8.2% worked ≥55 h/week. The OR (95% CI) of the association between long working hours and psychological distress was 1.38 (1.11-1.72) for <35 h/week, 1.47 (1.32-1.65) for 41-48 h/week, 1.74 (1.49-2.04) for 49-54 h/week, and 2.11 (1.75-2.55) for ≥55 h/week compared to 35-40 h/week. The OR (95% CI) of the association between working ≥55 h/week and psychological distress was significantly higher among wage workers (OR [95% CI]: 2.37 [1.94-2.89]) compared to self-employed workers (OR [95% CI]: 0.84 [0.52-1.36]). Additionally, the OR (95% CI) of the association between working ≥55 h/week and psychological distress was significantly higher among white-collar workers (OR [95% CI]: 3.24 [2.54-4.13]) compared to service/sales workers (OR [95% CI]: 1.22 [0.86-1.72]) or blue-collar workers (OR [95% CI]: 1.71 [1.10-2.67]). No clear gender differences were observed. CONCLUSION Psychological distress caused by long working hours can be pronounced among white-collar and wage workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Amir-Azodi A, Setayesh M, Bazyar M, Ansari M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V. Causes and consequences of quack medicine in health care: a scoping review of global experience. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:64. [PMID: 38212750 PMCID: PMC10785397 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of health has been facing challenges with fraudulent practices and the prevalence of "quack medicine". Many cases have given rise to this issue. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively investigate and categorize the causes and consequences of quack medicine in the healthcare. METHODS A scoping review, using the 5 stages of Arksey and O'Malley's framework, was conducted to retrieve and analyze the literature. International databases including the PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science and also national Iranian databases were searched to find peer reviewed published literature in English and Persian languages. Grey literature was also included. Meta-Synthesis was applied to analyze the findings through an inductive approach. RESULTS Out of 3794 initially identified studies, 30 were selected for this study. Based on the findings of this research, the causes of quackery in the health were divided into six categories: political, economic, socio-cultural, technical-organizational, legal and psychological. Additionally, the consequences of this issue were classified into three categories: health, economic and social. Economic and social factors were found to have a more significant impact on the prevalence of quackery in the health sector. Legal and technical-organizational factors played a crucial role in facilitating fraudulent practices, resulting in severe health consequences. CONCLUSION It is evident that governing bodies and health systems must prioritize addressing economic and social factors in combating quackery in the health sector. Special attention should be paid to the issue of cultural development and community education to strengthen the mechanisms that lead to the society access to standard affordable services. Efforts should be made also to improve the efficiency of legislation, implementation and evaluation systems to effectively tackle this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amir-Azodi
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Setayesh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bazyar
- Health Management and Economics Department, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mina Ansari
- Faculty of Management and Medical Information, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Stevenson E. Chef to factory to veterinary practice: perseverance paid off for veterinary nurse. Vet Rec 2024; 194:i-ii. [PMID: 38180171 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
At 16 Emily Stevenson was working full time in a restaurant, but this wasn't the career for her. After becoming a mum and several roles later, she started her journey to vet nursing in her 40s.
Collapse
|
47
|
Luo N, Bai R, Sun Y, Li X, Liu L, Xu X, Liu L. Job preferences of master of public health students in China: a discrete choice experiment. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:24. [PMID: 38178052 PMCID: PMC10768294 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shortage of public health personnel and the uneven distribution between urban and rural areas are thorny issues in China. Master of public health (MPH) is an integral part of public health human resources in the future, and it is of far-reaching significance to discuss their work preferences. The present study wants to investigate the job preference of MPH, understand the relative importance of different job attributes, and then put forward targeted incentive measures. METHODS Discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to evaluate the job preference of MPHs in two medical colleges in Liaoning Province. Attributes include employment location, bianzhi, working environment, career development prospects, work value and monthly income. Thirty-six choice sets were developed using a fractional factorial design. Mixed logit models were used to analysis the DCE data. RESULTS The final sample comprised 327 MPHs. All the attributes and levels included in the study are statistically significant. Monthly income is the most important factor for MPHs. For non-economic factors, they value career development prospects most, followed by the employment location. Respondents' preferences are heterogeneous and influenced by individual characteristics. Subgroup analysis showed that respondents from different family backgrounds have different job preferences. Policy simulation suggested that respondents were most sensitive to a salary increase, and the combination of several non-economic factors can also achieve the same effect. CONCLUSIONS Economic factors and non-economic factors significantly affect the job preference of MPHs. To alleviate the shortage and uneven distribution of public health personnel, more effective policy intervention should comprehensively consider the incentive measures of the work itself and pay attention to the individual characteristics and family backgrounds of the target object.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nansheng Luo
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ru Bai
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Libing Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sood S, Lidder AK, Elgin C, Law JC, Shukla AG, Winn BJ, Khouri AS, Miller-Ellis EG, Laudi J, SooHoo JR, DeVience E, Syed MF, Zerkin A, Al-Aswad LA. Salary Negotiations: Gender Differences in Attitudes, Priorities, and Behaviors of Ophthalmologists. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 257:154-164. [PMID: 37567433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate attitudes, priorities, and behaviors of ophthalmologists in salary negotiations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A Qualtrics survey was disseminated to U.S.-based practicing ophthalmologists between November 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022 and assessed attitudes, behaviors, and priorities surrounding salary negotiation during the respondents' first negotiation as a practicing physician and currently. Optional case-based scenarios were also included. RESULTS Of 424 respondents, 155 (36.5%) identified as male (M) and 269 (63.3%) identified as female (F). Men were more likely to negotiate salary for their first position as an independent ophthalmologist (M 78.3%, F 68.2%; P = .04). Respondents of both genders assessed their success similarly; 85.0% of men and 75.7% of women (P = .07) felt that their negotiation was very successful or somewhat successful. Women were more likely to select "flexibility in clinic/OR schedule for personal commitments" as a priority during salary negation for their first position (M 14.8%, F 23.1%; P = .04). Women ophthalmologists reported feeling more uncomfortable (M 36.1%, F 49.1%; P = .01), intimidated (M 20.0%, F 43.5%; P < .01), and were less likely to feel well-trained (M 24.5%, F 13.0%; P < .01). Most respondents never received formal training in negotiation. CONCLUSIONS We found significant gender differences among ophthalmologists in attitudes, priorities and behaviors surrounding salary negotiation. There were low reported levels of formal negotiation training, which appears to disadvantage women more than men. These gender disparities suggest that incorporating education about negotiation skills and career development early in training may be impactful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Sood
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (S.S.), Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alcina K Lidder
- Department of Ophthalmology/Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (A.K.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ceyhun Elgin
- American University in Bulgaria; Bogazici University, Turkey
| | - Janice C Law
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.C.L), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aakriti Garg Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology (A.G.S.), Columbia University Vagelos School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bryan J Winn
- Department of Ophthalmology (B.J.W.), University of California - San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; Ophthalmology Section (B.J.W.), San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Albert S Khouri
- Department of Ophthalmology (A.S.K.), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eydie G Miller-Ellis
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.G.M-E.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Laudi
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.L.), State University of New York - Downstate School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey R SooHoo
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.R.S.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eva DeVience
- Department of Ophthalmology (E.D.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Misha F Syed
- Department of Ophthalmology (M.F.S.), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Allen Zerkin
- New York University Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service (A.Z.), New York, New York, USA
| | - Lama A Al-Aswad
- Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.A.), Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
In 2023, the International Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Nurses (ISPAN) surveyed its members to collect data about the salary and benefits of plastic and aesthetic nurses and to disseminate this information to its members. The ISPAN survey also collected data about participant demographics, professional qualifications, professional experience, current position and work environment, employment status, job satisfaction, and the value of certification and ISPAN membership. I used a cross-sectional, descriptive design to portray the participants' reported salary and compensation when measured by an online survey. The survey comprised 25 multiple-choice questions. All survey responses were self-reported by plastic and aesthetic registered nurses who are members of the ISPAN. A total of 106 (7%) members agreed to participate in the study. This article describes the methods and results of the ISPAN survey and also compares the results of the ISPAN survey with a survey of 222 plastic and aesthetic nurses conducted in 2015 by the American Society of Plastic Surgical Nurses, now ISPAN.
Collapse
|
50
|
Inge KJ, Wehman P, Avellone L, Broda M, McDonough J. The impact of customized employment on the competitive integrated employment outcomes of transition age youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A randomized controlled trial study. Work 2024; 77:721-729. [PMID: 38457138 DOI: 10.3233/wor-246003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Customized employment (CE) is recognized in the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (2014) as a strategy for promoting competitive integrated employment. However, the existing body of evidence supporting CE is mainly descriptive rather than experimental research. OBJECTIVE This study examined the impact of CE on the employment outcomes, hours worked per week, and wages of transition-age youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities. METHOD The outcomes of transition-age youth participating in a CE intervention were compared to those receiving treatment-as-usual using a randomized controlled trial design. RESULTS Participants receiving CE were significantly more likely to secure competitive integrated employment than controls who received treatment-as-usual. Participants in the intervention and control conditions earned similar wages. Participants in the control condition worked more hours per week than those in CE. CONCLUSION The findings from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of CE to assist transition-age youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities in obtaining competitive integrated employment, but future research is needed to examine factors impacting weekly hours and wages of participants in CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Inge
- Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul Wehman
- Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lauren Avellone
- Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Broda
- Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|