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Cheng Z, Wen ZF, Liu ZF, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Feng XS. Capsaicinoids in Food: An Update on Pretreatment and Analysis Methods since 2010. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:73-92. [PMID: 35320052 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2054269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids, whose basic chemical structure is the vanilla amide of n-nonanoic acid, are responsible for chili pepper fruits' spicy flavor (pungency) and multiple pharmacological actions. Capsaicinoids are widely used to produce intense flavor food additives due to their sensory attributes of pungency, aroma, and color. To ensure strict quality control for capsaicinoids and maximize their positive effects, valid and sensitive pretreatment and determination methods are urgently needed. Consequently, this review provides a comprehensive summary of capsaicinoids' preparation and analytical technologies in food samples. Pretreatment techniques mainly include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, and dispersive solid-phase microextraction, among others. Detection methods include liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, gas chromatography, electrochemical sensor methods, capillary electrophoresis, etc. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment and analytical methods are compared and discussed. Thus, the present paper has attempted to shed light on novel and traditionalpretreatment methods and determination approaches and provided proper comments about their new developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Pellizzari J, Soong R, Downey K, Biswas RG, Kock FC, Steiner K, Goerling B, Haber A, Decker V, Busse F, Simpson M, Simpson A. Slice through the water-Exploring the fundamental challenge of water suppression for benchtop NMR systems. Magn Reson Chem 2024; 62:463-473. [PMID: 38282484 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Benchtop NMR provides improved accessibility in terms of cost, space, and technical expertise. In turn, this encourages new users into the field of NMR spectroscopy. Unfortunately, many interesting samples in education and research, from beer to whole blood, contain significant amounts of water that require suppression in 1H NMR in order to recover sample information. However, due to the significant reduction in chemical shift dispersion in benchtop NMR systems, the sample signals are much closer to the water resonance compared to those in a corresponding high-field NMR spectrum. Therefore, simply translating solvent suppression experiments intended for high-field NMR instruments to benchtop NMR systems without careful consideration can be problematic. In this study, the effectiveness of several popular water suppression schemes was evaluated for benchtop NMR applications. Emphasis is placed on pulse sequences with no, or few, adjustable parameters making them easy to implement. These fall into two main categories: (1) those based on Pre-SAT including Pre-SAT, PURGE, NOESY-PR, and g-NOESY-PR and (2) those based on binomial inversion including JRS and W5-WATERGATE. Among these schemes, solvent suppression sequences based on Pre-SAT offer a general approach for easy solvent suppression for samples with higher analyte concentrations (sucrose standard and Redbull™). However, for human urine, binomial-like sequences were required. In summary, it is demonstrated that highly efficient water suppression approaches can be implemented on benchtop NMR systems in a simple manner, despite the limited spectral dispersion, further illustrating the potential for widespread implementation of these approaches in education and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Soong
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Flavio C Kock
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Myrna Simpson
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre Simpson
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Angelino D, Nucci D, Rabica F, Rota C, Dinu M, Martini D, Gianfredi V. Nutritional quality and level of processing of food items broadcasted on Italian television in advertisements targeted to children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38659128 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2343924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the nutritional quality and level of processing of food and beverage products advertised on television channels most watched by children, in Italy. Data were collected over 20 non-consecutive days from the five top channels in Italy. A total of 209 food items were analysed using the Nutri-Score and the NOVA classification. Additionally, compliance with nutritional criteria established by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the EU-PLEDGE was assessed. Results indicate a high proportion of energy-dense and low nutritional quality foods, with 68% falling into less favourable Nutri-Score categories (C, D, and E), and 61% classified as ultra-processed by NOVA classification. When applying WHO and PLEDGE criteria, 71% and 56% of products, respectively, did not meet nutritional standards. This study underscores the low prevalence of nutritionally adequate products in food advertisements targeting children on Italian television, despite differences found based on methodological variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Angelino
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniele Nucci
- SSD Igiene Alimenti e Nutrizione, ATS Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Rabica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristian Rota
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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4
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Pengsomjit U, Alabdo F, Karuwan C, Kraiya C, Alahmad W, Ozkan SA. Innovative Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Improvement of Electrochemical Sensors: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38656227 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2343854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Graphene, renowned for its exceptional physicochemical attributes, has emerged as a favored substrate for integrating a wide array of inorganic and organic materials in scientific endeavors and innovations. Electrochemical graphene-based nanocomposite sensors have been developed by incorporating diverse nanoparticles into graphene, effectively immobilized onto electrodes through various techniques. These graphene-based nanocomposite sensors have effectively detected and quantified various electroactive species in samples. This review delves into using graphene nanocomposites to fabricate electrochemical sensors, leveraging the exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties inherent to graphene derivatives. These nanocomposites showcase electrocatalytic activity, substantial surface area, superior electrical conductivity, adsorption capabilities, and notable porosity, which are highly advantageous for sensing applications. A myriad of characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET surface area analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), have proven effective in exploring the properties of graphene nanocomposites and validating the adjustable formation of these nanomaterials with graphene. The applicability of these sensors across various matrices, encompassing environmental, food, and biological domains, has been evaluated through electrochemical measurements, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). This review provides a comprehensive overview of synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and sensor applications pertinent to graphene-based nanocomposites. Furthermore, it deliberates on the challenges and future prospects within this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Untika Pengsomjit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fatima Alabdo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Idlib University, Idlib, Syria
| | - Chanpen Karuwan
- Graphene Research Team (GRP), National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Charoenkwan Kraiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye
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5
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Chiappini E, Massaccesi C, Korb S, Steyrl D, Willeit M, Silani G. Neural hyperresponsivity during the anticipation of tangible social and non-social rewards in autism spectrum disorder: a concurrent neuroimaging and facial electromyography study. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2024:S2451-9022(24)00108-3. [PMID: 38642898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical anticipation of social reward has been indicated to lie at the core of the social challenges faced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, past research has yielded inconsistent results, often overlooking crucial characteristics of stimuli. Here, we investigated ASD reward processing using social and non-social tangible stimuli, carefully matched on several key dimensions. METHODS We examined the anticipation and consumption of social (interpersonal touch) and non-social (flavored milk) rewards in 25 high-functioning ASD and 25 neurotypical adult individuals. Besides subjective ratings of wanting and liking, we measured physical energetic expenditure to get the rewards, brain activity with neuroimaging, and facial reactions through electromyography, on a trial-by-trial basis. RESULTS ASD participants did not exhibit reduced motivation for social or non-social rewards; their subjective ratings, motivated efforts, and facial reactions were comparable to those of neurotypical participants. However, anticipation of higher-value rewards increased neural activation in lateral parietal cortices, sensorimotor regions and the orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, ASD participants exhibited hyperconnectivity between frontal medial regions and occipital regions and the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with ASD experiencing rewards with tangible characteristics, whether social or non-social, displayed typical subjective and objective motivational and hedonic responses. Notably, the observed hyperactivations in sensory and attentional nodes during anticipation suggest atypical sensory over-processing of forthcoming rewards rather than decreased reward value. While these atypicalities may not manifest in observable behavior here, they could impact real-life social interactions that require nuanced predictions, potentially leading to the misperception of ASD reduced interest in rewarding social stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Chiappini
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Claudia Massaccesi
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Korb
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ Colchester, UK
| | - David Steyrl
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Silani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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Nisar N, Ajmal M, Hanif NQ, Hassan SW. Phytochemicals analysis and aflatoxin B 1 detoxification potential of leaves extract of Moringa oleifera and Calotropis procera. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38625875 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2342003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the presence of certain classes of phytochemicals in the leaf extract of medicinal herbs viz. Moringa oleifera and Calotropis procera, using qualitative detection tests and explored the potential of aqueous and ethanolic extract to inhibit aflatoxin production by thin layer chromatography at 25 °C and pH (7) of different incubation times i.e. 0-, 1-, 3-, 6- and 24-h. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reported that the aqueous leave extracts of M. oleifera and C. procera contained tannins, phlobatannins, quinones, steroids, sugar, betacyanins, fatty acids, phenols, and volatile oils. Aflatoxin analysis reported that the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera was found more effective than detoxifying 100% of AFB1 after 24 h of incubation. In the case of C. procera, the aqueous extract reduced 96.5% of AFB1 and ethanolic extract reduced 96% of AFB1 after 24-h of incubation. The results revealed that natural plant products have a high potential to reduce AFB1 and could contribute to mitigation plans for AFB1. There is a need for further characterisation using techniques such as GC-MS, LC-MS, or NMR which would provide valuable information on the chemical composition of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehrish Nisar
- Center of Integrative Conservation Macroevolution Group, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, UCAS, Mengla, China
| | - Maryam Ajmal
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Jacobs N, Kougias DG, Louie F, Roberts B. A screening-level human health risk assessment of dietary intake of pesticide residues in produce as compared to consumer guide recommendations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38626048 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2316136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Consumers are confronted with conflicting information regarding the safety of specific foods. For example, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) publishes an annual consumer guide in which they rank the pesticide contamination of 46 popular fruits and vegetables, which includes designating the 12 with the greatest pesticide contamination as the "Dirty Dozen," to help consumers reduce exposures to toxic pesticides. However, consumer guides like EWG's only incorporate some hazard assessment principles and do not reflect a dietary risk assessment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply risk assessment techniques to EWG's Dirty Dozen list using a uniform screening-level approach to estimate pesticide exposures for U.S. consumers and to characterize the associated chronic human health risks. The most commonly detected pesticide and its representative residue concentrations were identified for each produce type on the 2022 Dirty Dozen list using the USDA Pesticide Data Program database. Estimates of mean dietary consumption in the U.S. were used to calculate dietary exposure to each pesticide-produce combination for adults and children. Pesticide-specific U.S. EPA dietary health-based guidance values (HBGVs) were then used as benchmarks to evaluate the chronic human health risk of consuming each produce type. Overall, the estimated daily exposure for each pesticide-produce combination was below the corresponding HBGV for all exposure scenarios. The current analysis demonstrates that excessive produce-specific pesticide exposure is unexpected as the amount of produce that would need to be consumed on a chronic basis, even among children, far exceeds typical dietary intake. Future research is necessary to assess acute dietary exposure scenarios and to consider cumulative risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fian Louie
- Insight Exposure & Risk Sciences Group, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Lee L, Hall R, Stanley J, Krebs J. Tailored Prompting to Improve Adherence to Image-Based Dietary Assessment: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e52074. [PMID: 38623738 PMCID: PMC11034420 DOI: 10.2196/52074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately assessing an individual's diet is vital in the management of personal nutrition and in the study of the effect of diet on health. Despite its importance, the tools available for dietary assessment remain either too imprecise, expensive, or burdensome for clinical or research use. Image-based methods offer a potential new tool to improve the reliability and accessibility of dietary assessment. Though promising, image-based methods are sensitive to adherence, as images cannot be captured from meals that have already been consumed. Adherence to image-based methods may be improved with appropriately timed prompting via text message. Objective This study aimed to quantitatively examine the effect of prompt timing on adherence to an image-based dietary record and qualitatively explore the participant experience of dietary assessment in order to inform the design of a novel image-based dietary assessment tool. Methods This study used a randomized crossover design to examine the intraindividual effect of 3 prompt settings on the number of images captured in an image-based dietary record. The prompt settings were control, where no prompts were sent; standard, where prompts were sent at 7:15 AM, 11:15 AM, and 5:15 PM for every participant; and tailored, where prompt timing was tailored to habitual meal times for each participant. Participants completed a text-based dietary record at baseline to determine the timing of tailored prompts. Participants were randomized to 1 of 6 study sequences, each with a unique order of the 3 prompt settings, with each 3-day image-based dietary record separated by a washout period of at least 7 days. The qualitative component comprised semistructured interviews and questionnaires exploring the experience of dietary assessment. Results A total of 37 people were recruited, and 30 participants (11 male, 19 female; mean age 30, SD 10.8 years), completed all image-based dietary records. The image rate increased by 0.83 images per day in the standard setting compared to control (P=.23) and increased by 1.78 images per day in the tailored setting compared to control (P≤.001). We found that 13/21 (62%) of participants preferred to use the image-based dietary record versus the text-based dietary record but reported method-specific challenges with each method, particularly the inability to record via an image after a meal had been consumed. Conclusions Tailored prompting improves adherence to image-based dietary assessment. Future image-based dietary assessment tools should use tailored prompting and offer both image-based and written input options to improve record completeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Stanley
- Biostatistics Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy Krebs
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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9
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DiFrancesco MW, Alsameen M, St-Onge MP, Duraccio KM, Beebe DW. Altered neuronal response to visual food stimuli in adolescents undergoing chronic sleep restriction. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad036. [PMID: 36805763 PMCID: PMC11009031 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Poor sleep in adolescents can increase the risk of obesity, possibly due to changes in dietary patterns. Prior neuroimaging evidence, mostly in adults, suggests that lacking sleep results in increased response to food cues in reward-processing brain regions. Needed is a clarification of the mechanisms by which food reward processing is altered by the kind of chronic sleep restriction (SR) typically experienced by adolescents. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of sleep duration on response to visual food stimuli in healthy adolescents using functional neuroimaging, hypothesizing increased reward processing response after SR compared to a well-rested condition. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy adolescents, 14-17 years old, completed a 3-week protocol: (1) sleep phase stabilization; (2) SR (~6.5 h nightly); and (3) healthy sleep (HS) duration (~9 h nightly). Participants underwent functional MRI while performing a visual food paradigm. Contrasts of food versus nonfood responses were compared within-subject between conditions of SR and HS. RESULTS Under SR, there was a greater response to food stimuli compared to HS in a voxel cluster including the left ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. No change in food appeal rating due to the sleep manipulation was detected. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of this study suggest that SR, as commonly experienced by healthy adolescents, results in the elevated dopaminergic drive of the reward network that may augment motivation to seek food in the context of individual food appeal and inhibitory profiles. Countermeasures that reduce food salience could include promoting consistent HS habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W DiFrancesco
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Alsameen
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Sleep Center of Excellence and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara M Duraccio
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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10
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Peveler WJ. Food for Thought: Optical Sensor Arrays and Machine Learning for the Food and Beverage Industry. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38598846 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Arrays of cross-reactive sensors, combined with statistical or machine learning analysis of their multivariate outputs, have enabled the holistic analysis of complex samples in biomedicine, environmental science, and consumer products. Comparisons are frequently made to the mammalian nose or tongue and this perspective examines the role of sensing arrays in analyzing food and beverages for quality, veracity, and safety. I focus on optical sensor arrays as low-cost, easy-to-measure tools for use in the field, on the factory floor, or even by the consumer. Novel materials and approaches are highlighted and challenges in the research field are discussed, including sample processing/handling and access to significant sample sets to train and test arrays to tackle real issues in the industry. Finally, I examine whether the comparison of sensing arrays to noses and tongues is helpful in an industry defined by human taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ U.K
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11
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Sitorus A, Lapcharoensuk R. Exploring Deep Learning to Predict Coconut Milk Adulteration Using FT-NIR and Micro-NIR Spectroscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2362. [PMID: 38610572 PMCID: PMC11014270 DOI: 10.3390/s24072362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Accurately identifying adulterants in agriculture and food products is associated with preventing food safety and commercial fraud activities. However, a rapid, accurate, and robust prediction model for adulteration detection is hard to achieve in practice. Therefore, this study aimed to explore deep-learning algorithms as an approach to accurately identify the level of adulterated coconut milk using two types of NIR spectrophotometer, including benchtop FT-NIR and portable Micro-NIR. Coconut milk adulteration samples came from deliberate adulteration with corn flour and tapioca starch in the 1 to 50% range. A total of four types of deep-learning algorithm architecture that were self-modified to a one-dimensional framework were developed and tested to the NIR dataset, including simple CNN, S-AlexNET, ResNET, and GoogleNET. The results confirmed the feasibility of deep-learning algorithms for predicting the degree of coconut milk adulteration by corn flour and tapioca starch using NIR spectra with reliable performance (R2 of 0.886-0.999, RMSE of 0.370-6.108%, and Bias of -0.176-1.481). Furthermore, the ratio of percent deviation (RPD) of all algorithms with all types of NIR spectrophotometers indicates an excellent capability for quantitative predictions for any application (RPD > 8.1) except for case predicting tapioca starch, using FT-NIR by ResNET (RPD < 3.0). This study demonstrated the feasibility of using deep-learning algorithms and NIR spectral data as a rapid, accurate, robust, and non-destructive way to evaluate coconut milk adulterants. Last but not least, Micro-NIR is more promising than FT-NIR in predicting coconut milk adulteration from solid adulterants, and it is portable for in situ measurements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravipat Lapcharoensuk
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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12
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Ordoñez-Araque R, Ramos-Guerrero L, Vargas-Jentzsch P, Romero-Bastidas M, Rodríguez-Herrera N, Vallejo-Holguín R, Fuentes-Gualotuña C, Ruales J. Fatty Acids and Starch Identification within Minute Archaeological Fragments: Qualitative Investigation for Assessing Feasibility. Foods 2024; 13:1090. [PMID: 38611394 PMCID: PMC11011963 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the realm of archaeology, the analysis of biomolecules assumes significant importance in elucidating historical dietary patterns and their implications for contemporary contexts. To achieve this, knowledge and tools of both chemistry and archaeology are essential to yield objective outcomes and conduct analyses of archaeological materials for the detection of biomolecules. Usually, only minuscule remnants of ceramic fragments are retrieved from excavations, which limits the feasibility of comprehensive laboratory analysis. This study aimed to establish a protocol for analyzing fatty acids and starch from archaeological food utensils with minimal sample quantities. Various experiments were conducted to replicate preparations that might have occurred in archaeological vessels, aiming to establish the optimal protocol. The analyses were performed using clay griddles, subjecting vegetable oil to varying temperatures for fatty acid assessment. For starch analysis, a series of experiments encompassed diverse forms of potato preparations (pulp, chuño, tortilla, carbonization, and freeze-drying) and maize (flour, tortilla, and carbonization). The verification of the experiments was confirmed by conducting identical analyses, as developed in the current study, on authentic archaeological fragments. The principal outcomes of this investigation include the successful extraction of both types of biomolecules using only 0.25 g of the sample, obtained through direct scraping from the vessel. Soxhlet extraction was identified as the most efficient strategy to recover fatty acids. Additionally, a comprehensive protocol for the identification of starch extraction was developed. This study has, for the first time, elucidated two detailed methodologies for the extraction of fatty acids and starch in scenarios in which researchers can obtain limited quantities of archaeological food utensil fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ordoñez-Araque
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (R.O.-A.); (P.V.-J.)
- Facultad de Salud y Bienestar, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Iberoamericana del Ecuador (UNIB.E), Quito 170143, Ecuador
- Escuela de Gastronomía, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170513, Ecuador;
- Programa de Maestría en Desarrollo e Innovación en Alimentos, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Luis Ramos-Guerrero
- Grupo de Investigación Bio-Quimioinformática, Carrera de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Paul Vargas-Jentzsch
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (R.O.-A.); (P.V.-J.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador
| | - Martha Romero-Bastidas
- Unidad de Laboratorio y Análisis, Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural (INPC), Quito 170143, Ecuador;
| | | | - Rubén Vallejo-Holguín
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Carrera de Química de Alimentos, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (R.V.-H.); (C.F.-G.)
| | - Camila Fuentes-Gualotuña
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Carrera de Química de Alimentos, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (R.V.-H.); (C.F.-G.)
| | - Jenny Ruales
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170143, Ecuador;
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Liu C, Wang N, Liu LX, Zhang YY, Liu YG. An analytical overview of the composition and characteristics of China's food safety standards. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3197-3205. [PMID: 38233355 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper discusses the framework of China's food safety standards and provides a brief overview of the problems and developmental characteristics of food safety in China. The composition and characteristics of China's food safety standards are revealed by an analysis of the changes in China's general food standards, an overview of the characteristics of the hygiene requirements in the production and operation process, and an introduction to food product and test method standards. In conclusion, Chinese food safety standards are still being improved, but they must also be effectively implemented and followed up in real time in order to continuously improve the quality of food and reduce food safety incidents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Liu
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, China
| | | | - Yun-Guo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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14
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Carroll JE, Sturgeon SR, Bertone-Johnson E, VanKim N, Longacre MR, Dalton MA, Emond JA. Factors Correlated With Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) Intake in Preschool-Aged Children and Association With Weight. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 2024; 56:196-208. [PMID: 38340130 PMCID: PMC10999344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understand the correlates of ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and examine the association of UPF on body mass index in children aged 3-5 years. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of 3-5-year-olds/parent, followed 1-year between March 2014 and October 2016. Usual UPF intake from 2 3-day food records completed 1 year apart, a standardized nutrient database customized with child-specific foods, and a NOVA food classification system was used. Child/parent characteristics and media use were measured via parent-reported surveys. Child weight/height objectively measured. SETTING New Hampshire community. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred and sixty-seven parent-child dyads were screened, and 624 were enrolled with 90% follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary outcome: identify correlates of UPF intake. SECONDARY OUTCOME determine if UPF intake is associated with body mass index change. ANALYSIS Adjusted β linear regression, linear regression, P <0.05. RESULTS Ultra-processed food accounted for 67.6% of total caloric intake. In adjusted models, children's UPF intake was positively associated with increasing child age, greater hours watching television, and more frequent parent soda/fast-food intake. Ultra-processed food intake was negatively associated with higher parent education and reported race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White. There was no association between UPF intake and weight. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS There are several predictors of UPF intake in young children. Family-level interventions could be implemented to encourage the intake of minimally processed foods before and during preschool years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Carroll
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH.
| | - Susan R Sturgeon
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Nicole VanKim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Meghan R Longacre
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Madeline A Dalton
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Jennifer A Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
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Avila-Montiel D, Vilchis-Gil J, Miranda-Lora AL, Velázquez-López L, Klünder-Klünder M. The Effects of an Educational Intervention About Front-of-Package Labeling on Food and Beverage Selection Among Children and Their Caregivers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54783. [PMID: 38557591 PMCID: PMC11019414 DOI: 10.2196/54783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity pose a global public health challenge and have a multifactorial origin. One of these factors includes obesogenic environments, which promote ultraprocessed foods characterized by being high in calories, saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. In Mexico, it has been estimated that 30% of the total energy consumed comes from processed foods. The Modification to the Official Mexican Standards introduces nutritional information through black octagonal seals that alert consumers about products with excessive amounts of some components for a better food selection in the population. However, the effects of warning labels on processed food selection and purchases among children remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the impact of a digital educational intervention focusing on front-of-package warning labels on the food selection and purchasing behavior of elementary schoolchildren and their caregivers. METHODS Children from 4 elementary schools in Mexico City, 2 public and 2 private schools, will participate in a randomized controlled trial. The schools will be chosen by simple random sampling. Schools will be randomized into 2 groups: intervention and control. In the control group, the dyads (caregiver-schoolchildren) will receive general nutritional education, and in the intervention group, they will receive guidance on reading labels and raising awareness about the impact of consuming ultraprocessed products on health. The educational intervention will be conducted via a website. Baseline measurements will be taken for both groups at 3 and 6 months. All participants will have access to an online store through the website, allowing them to engage in exercises for selecting and purchasing food and beverages. In addition, other measures will include a brief 5-question exam to evaluate theoretical understanding, a 24-hour reminder, a survey on food habits and consumption, application of a food preference scale, anthropometric measurements, and recording of school lunch choices. RESULTS Registration and funding were authorized in 2022, and we will begin data collection in September 2024. Recruitment has not yet taken place, but the status of data analysis and expected results will be published in April 2025. CONCLUSIONS The study is expected to contribute to evaluating whether reinforcing front-of-package warning labels with education enhances its effects and makes them more sustainable. Conducting this study will allow us to propose whether or not it is necessary to develop new intervention strategies related to front-of-package labeling for a better understanding of the population, improved food choices, and better health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06102473; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06102473. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/54783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Avila-Montiel
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jenny Vilchis-Gil
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, Mexico
| | - América Liliana Miranda-Lora
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lubia Velázquez-López
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sánchez Navarro, Mexican Social Security Institute, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, Mexico
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Wells J, Abugo DG, Angong J, Lamwaka NG, Gallandat K, Hassan JL, Deng L, Save D, Braun L, Gose M, Amanya J, Ayoub K, King S, Stobaugh H, Cumming O, D'Mello‐Guyett L. Risk factors for food contamination among children discharged from community management of acute malnutrition programmes in South Sudan: A cross-sectional study and hazard analysis critical control point approach. Matern Child Nutr 2024; 20:e13612. [PMID: 38143422 PMCID: PMC10981483 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Children under-5 years of age are particularly vulnerable to severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and the risk factors associated with relapse to SAM are poorly understood. Possible causes are asymptomatic or symptomatic infection with enteric pathogens, with contaminated food as a critical transmission route. This cross-sectional study comprised a household survey with samples of child food (n = 382) and structured observations of food preparation (n = 197) among children aged 6-59 months that were discharged from treatment in community management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes in South Sudan. We quantified Escherichia coli and total coliforms (TCs), measured in colony forming units per g of food (CFU/g), as indicators of microbial contamination of child food. A modified hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) approach was utilised to determine critical control points (CCPs) followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to understand the risk factors associated with contamination. Over 40% (n = 164) of samples were contaminated with E. coli (43% >0 E. coli CFU/g, 95% CI 38%-48%), and 90% (n = 343) had >10 TCs (CFU/g) (>10 TC CFU/g, 95% CI 87%-93%). Risk factors associated (p < 0.05) with child food contamination included if the child fed themselves (9.05 RR, 95% CI [3.18, 31.16]) and exposure to animals (2.63 RR, 95% CI [1.33, 5.34]). This study highlights the risk factors and potential control strategies that can support interventions that reduce food contamination exposure in young children and help further protect those that are highly vulnerable to recurrent exposure to enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wells
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - David Gama Abugo
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)JubaSouth Sudan
| | | | | | - Karin Gallandat
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | | | - Lino Deng
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)JubaSouth Sudan
| | | | - Laura Braun
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Mesfin Gose
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Sarah King
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Heather Stobaugh
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)New YorkNew YorkUSA
- Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusettsUSA
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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Yeshurun S, Cramer T, Souroujon D, Mor M. The Association of Macronutrient Consumption and BMI to Exhaled Carbon Dioxide in Lumen Users: Retrospective Real-World Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e56083. [PMID: 38439744 PMCID: PMC11019421 DOI: 10.2196/56083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic flexibility is the ability of the body to rapidly switch between fuel sources based on their accessibility and metabolic requirements. High metabolic flexibility is associated with improved health outcomes and a reduced risk of several metabolic disorders. Metabolic flexibility can be improved through lifestyle changes, such as increasing physical activity and eating a balanced macronutrient diet. Lumen is a small handheld device that measures metabolic fuel usage through exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2), which allows individuals to monitor their metabolic flexibility and make lifestyle changes to enhance it. OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aims to examine the postprandial CO2 response to meals logged by Lumen users and its relationship with macronutrient intake and BMI. METHODS We analyzed deidentified data from 2607 Lumen users who logged their meals and measured their exhaled CO2 before and after those meals between May 1, 2023, and October 18, 2023. A linear mixed model was fitted to test the association between macronutrient consumption, BMI, age, and gender to the postprandial CO2 response, followed by a 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS The model demonstrated significant associations (P<.001) between CO2 response after meals and both BMI and carbohydrate intake (BMI: β=-0.112, 95% CI -0.156 to -0.069; carbohydrates: β=0.046, 95% CI 0.034-0.058). In addition, a 2-way ANOVA revealed that higher carbohydrate intake resulted in a higher CO2 response compared to low carbohydrate intake (F2,2569=24.23; P<.001), and users with high BMI showed modest responses to meals compared with low BMI (F2,2569=5.88; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that Lumen's CO2 response is influenced both by macronutrient consumption and BMI. The results of this study highlight a distinct pattern of reduced metabolic flexibility in users with obesity, indicating the value of Lumen for assessing postprandial metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Souroujon
- Metaflow Ltd, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Asadi-Pooya AA, Johannessen Landmark C, Mirzaei Damabi N, Fazelian K. Interactions between antiseizure medications and foods and drinks: A systematic review. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:475-485. [PMID: 38345419 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antiseizure medications (ASMs) constitute the principal of treatment for patients with epilepsy, where long-term treatment is usually necessary. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide practical and useful information regarding various aspects of the interactions between ASMs and foods and drinks. MEDLINE and ScienceDirect, from the inception to July 15, 2023, were searched for related publications. In both electronic databases, the following search strategy was applied, and the following keywords were used (in title/abstract): "food OR drink" AND "antiepileptic OR antiseizure." The primary search yielded 738 studies. After implementing our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we could identify 19 studies on the issue of interest for our endeavor. Four studies were identified in the recheck process and not by the primary search. All studies provided low level of evidence. Interactions between foods and ASMs are a common phenomenon. Many factors may play a role for such an interaction to come to play; these include drug properties, administration route, and administration schedule, among others. Drugs-foods (-drinks) interactions may change the drug exposure or plasma levels of drugs (e.g., grapefruit juice increases carbamazepine concentrations and the bioavailability of cannabidiol is increased 4-5 folds with concomitant intake of fat-rich food); this may require dosage adjustments. Interactions between ASMs and foods and drinks may be important. This should be taken seriously into consideration when consulting patients and their caregivers about ASMs. Future well-designed investigations should explore the specific interactions between foods (and drinks) and ASMs to clarify whether they are clinically important. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Interactions between antiseizure medications and foods and drinks may be important. This should be taken into consideration in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cecilie Johannessen Landmark
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- The National Centre for Epilepsy, Member of the ERN EPiCare, and Dept. of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Khatereh Fazelian
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Choi S, Park J, Jung H, Jeong J, Lim K, Shin S. Association of hypertension with noodle consumption among Korean adults based on the Health Examinees (HEXA) study. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:282-293. [PMID: 38584812 PMCID: PMC10995774 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.2.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The prevalence of hypertension is increasing, and noodles have a high sodium content, so noodle consumption might be associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the association between total and types of noodle intake and the risk of hypertension among Korean adults. Subjects aged 40-69 years were selected for this study. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 56,580 participants (18,246 men and 38,334 women) aged 40-69 years old from the Health Examinees study. Noodle and nutrient intakes were assessed using the food frequency questionnaire. Hypertension was diagnosed as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or antihypertensive medication use. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension. RESULTS Higher noodle consumption was associated with increased hypertension among men (HR, 1.273; 95% CI, 1.166-1.390) and women (HR, 1.116; 95% CI, 1.038-1.199). CONCLUSION We recommended reducing noodle intake and consuming vegetables and fruits to increase potassium intake, which can prevent vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jungmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyein Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Rurik I, Péter S, Bánáti D. [Actual challenges of nutritional science]. Orv Hetil 2024; 165:483-488. [PMID: 38555569 DOI: 10.1556/650.2024.33013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Imre Rurik
- 1 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Családorvosi Tanszék Budapest, Üllői út 25., 1091 Magyarország
- 4 Magyar Táplálkozástudományi Társaság Budapest Magyarország
| | - Szabolcs Péter
- 2 DSM-Firmenich Kaiseraugst Svájc
- 4 Magyar Táplálkozástudományi Társaság Budapest Magyarország
| | - Diána Bánáti
- 3 Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Mérnöki Kar, Élelmiszermérnöki Intézet Szeged Magyarország
- 4 Magyar Táplálkozástudományi Társaság Budapest Magyarország
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Cozer AWD, Souza FCV, Santiago LD, Lima MR, Pimenta SJ, Fernandes BL, Enes BN, Gama RS, Gomides TAR. Effects of Iron-Fortified Foods on the Nutritional Status of Children Residing in Regions Vulnerable to Parasitic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:8-17. [PMID: 38576884 PMCID: PMC10987379 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections (PIs) remain a public health concern among school-age children living in areas of greater socioeconomic vulnerability, especially in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. PIs can promote nutritional deficiencies, increasing the risk of anemia and impaired physical and cognitive development. Thus, fortified foods have been considered as a promising strategy for improving the nutritional status of children and preventing PI complications. This systematic review aimed to present the effects of iron-fortified foods for deworming and improving blood parameters in schoolchildren residing in areas that are vulnerable to PIs. This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines of randomized clinical trials addressing the use of fortified foods and micronutrients in children living in areas endemic for PIs. The PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify articles published between 2000 and 2020. A total of 153 records were retrieved from the databases, 10 of which were considered eligible for this study. On the basis of our analysis, most of the selected studies showed that the inclusion of fortified foods in the diet improved blood and infectious parameters. Therefore, fortified foods can be used as an important tool for controlling the adverse outcomes of PIs among children living in areas of greater vulnerability. However, more studies on this topic are needed to provide more evidence and consolidate strategies using iron-fortified food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marlucy Rodrigues Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Julie Pimenta
- Department of Dentistry, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Leles Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Barbara Nery Enes
- Department of Nutrition, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Gama
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
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Chilala P, Skalickova S, Horky P. Selenium Status of Southern Africa. Nutrients 2024; 16:975. [PMID: 38613007 PMCID: PMC11013911 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that exists in inorganic forms (selenite and selenates) and organic forms (selenoamino acids, seleno peptides, and selenoproteins). Selenium is known to aid in the function of the immune system for populations where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is endemic, as studies suggest that a lack of selenium is associated with a higher risk of mortality among those with HIV. In a recent study conducted in Zambia, adults had a median plasma selenium concentration of 0.27 μmol/L (IQR 0.14-0.43). Concentrations consistent with deficiency (<0.63 μmol/L) were found in 83% of adults. With these results, it can be clearly seen that selenium levels in Southern Africa should be investigated to ensure the good health of both livestock and humans. The recommended selenium dietary requirement of most domesticated livestock is 0.3 mg Se/kg, and in humans above 19 years, anRDA (recommended daily allowance) of 55 mcg Se/per dayisis recommended, but most of the research findings of Southern African countries have recorded low levels. With research findings showing alarming low levels of selenium in soils, humans, and raw feed materials in Southern Africa, further research will be vital in answering questions on how best to improve the selenium status of Southern African soils and plants for livestock and humans to attain sufficient quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.C.); (S.S.)
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Huang C, Zhang S, Ma X, Yan F, Tang W. Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Butylated Hydroxyanisole in Food Samples Using Electrochemical-Pretreated Three-Dimensional Graphene Electrode Modified with Silica Nanochannel Film. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:569. [PMID: 38607104 PMCID: PMC11013248 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The sensitive detection of antioxidants in food is essential for the rational control of their usage and reducing potential health risks. A simple three-dimensional (3D) electrode integrated with an anti-fouling/anti-interference layer possesses great potential for the direct and sensitive electrochemical detection of antioxidants in food samples. In this work, a 3D electrochemical sensor was developed by integrating a 3D graphene electrode (3DG) with vertically ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF), enabling highly sensitive detection of the common antioxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), in food samples. A simple electrochemical polarization was employed to pre-activate the 3DG electrode (p3DG), enhancing its hydrophilicity. Using the p3DG as the supporting electrode, stable modification of VMSF was achieved using the electrochemical assisted self-assembly (EASA) method, without the need for any adhesive agents (VMSF/p3DG). Taking BHA in food as a model analyte, the VMSF/p3DG sensor demonstrated high sensitivity, due to the enrichment by nanochannels, towards BHA. Electrochemical detection of BHA was achieved with a linear range of 0.1 μM to 5 μM and from 5 μM to 150 μM with a low limit of detection (12 nM). Owing to the fouling resistance and anti-interference capabilities of VMSF, the constructed 3D electrochemical sensor can be directly applied for the electrochemical detection of BHA in complex food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqing Huang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;
| | - Shiyue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (X.M.)
| | - Xinying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (X.M.)
| | - Fei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (S.Z.); (X.M.)
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;
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Pouessel G, Sabouraud-Leclerc D, Beaumont P, Divaret-Chauveau A, Bradatan E, Dumond P, Karaca Y, Renaudin JM, Metz-Favre C, Delalande D, Correard AK, Tscheiller S, Van der Brempt X. Lupin, a potential "hidden" food anaphylaxis allergen: An alert from the Allergy-Vigilance Network®. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38516981 DOI: 10.1111/all.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pouessel
- CH Roubaix, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Roubaix, France
- CHU Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Pôle Enfant, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, ULR 2694: METRICS, Lille, France
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | - Pascale Beaumont
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Medical Office, Saint Maur des Fossés, France
| | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Paediatric Allergology, Children's Medicine, CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - Eléna Bradatan
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Department of Paediatrics, CHRU, Namur, Belgium
| | - Pascale Dumond
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Paediatric Allergology, Children's Medicine, CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - Yasemin Karaca
- CH Roubaix, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Roubaix, France
| | - Jean-Marie Renaudin
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Allergology Department, CH Durkheim, Epinal, France
| | - Carine Metz-Favre
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Delalande
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Departement of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Anne-Karine Correard
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Department, Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | - Xavier Van der Brempt
- Allergy-Vigilance Network®, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Allergopôle, Clinique Saint-Luc, Namur, Belgium
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Harlé O, Niay J, Parayre S, Nicolas A, Henry G, Maillard MB, Valence F, Thierry A, Guédon É, Falentin H, Deutsch SM. Deciphering the metabolism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii during soy juice fermentation using phenotypic and transcriptional analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0193623. [PMID: 38376234 PMCID: PMC10952386 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01936-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainable diet, the development of soy-based yogurt fermented with lactic acid bacteria is an attractive alternative to dairy yogurts. To decipher the metabolism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii during soy juice (SJ) fermentation, the whole genome of the strain CIRM-BIA865 (Ld865) was sequenced and annotated. Then Ld865 was used to ferment SJ. Samples were analyzed throughout fermentation for their cell number, carbohydrate, organic acid, free amino acid, and volatile compound contents. Despite acidification, the number of Ld865 cells did not rise, and microscopic observations revealed the elongation of cells from 3.6 µm (inoculation) to 36.9 µm (end of fermentation). This elongation was observed in SJ but not in laboratory-rich medium MRS. Using transcriptomic analysis, we showed that the biosynthesis genes of peptidoglycan and membrane lipids were stably expressed, in line with the cell elongation observed, whereas no genes implicated in cell division were upregulated. Among the main sugars available in SJ (sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose), Ld865 only used sucrose. The transcriptomic analysis showed that Ld865 implemented the two transport systems that it contains to import sucrose: a PTS system and an ABC transporter. To fulfill its nitrogen needs, Ld865 probably first consumed the free amino acids of the SJ and then implemented different oligopeptide transporters and proteolytic/peptidase enzymes. In conclusion, this study showed that Ld865 enables fast acidification of SJ, despite the absence of cell division, leads to a product rich in free amino acids, and also leads to the production of aromatic compounds of interest. IMPORTANCE To reduce the environmental and health concerns related to food, an alternative diet is recommended, containing 50% of plant-based proteins. Soy juice, which is protein rich, is a relevant alternative to animal milk, for the production of yogurt-like products. However, soy "beany" and "green" off-flavors limit the consumption of such products. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used for fermentation can help to improve the organoleptic properties of soy products. But metabolic data concerning LAB adapted to soy juice are lacking. The aim of this study was, thus, to decipher the metabolism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii during fermentation of a soy juice, based on a multidisciplinary approach. This result will contribute to give tracks for a relevant selection of starter. Indeed, the improvement of the organoleptic properties of these types of products could help to promote plant-based proteins in our diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Harlé
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, France
- Olga-Triballat Noyal, R&D UF, Noyal-sur-Vilaine, France
| | - Jérôme Niay
- Olga-Triballat Noyal, R&D UF, Noyal-sur-Vilaine, France
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26
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Delaney T, Jackson J, Lecathelinais C, Clinton-McHarg T, Lamont H, Yoong SL, Wolfenden L, Sutherland R, Wyse R. Long-Term Effectiveness of a Multi-Strategy Choice Architecture Intervention in Increasing Healthy Food Choices of High-School Students From Online Canteens (Click & Crunch High Schools): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e51108. [PMID: 38502177 PMCID: PMC10988364 DOI: 10.2196/51108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School canteens are a recommended setting to influence adolescent nutrition due to their scope to improve student food choices. Online lunch ordering systems ("online canteens") are increasingly used and represent attractive infrastructure to implement choice architecture interventions that nudge users toward healthier food choices. A recent cluster randomized controlled trial demonstrated the short-term effectiveness (2-month follow-up) of a choice architecture intervention to increase the healthiness of foods purchased by high school students from online canteens. However, there is little evidence regarding the long-term effectiveness of choice architecture interventions targeting adolescent food purchases, particularly those delivered online. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the long-term effectiveness of a multi-strategy choice architecture intervention embedded within online canteen infrastructure in high schools at a 15-month follow-up. METHODS A cluster randomized controlled trial was undertaken with 1331 students (from 9 high schools) in New South Wales, Australia. Schools were randomized to receive the automated choice architecture intervention (including menu labeling, positioning, feedback, and prompting strategies) or the control (standard online ordering). The foods purchased were classified according to the New South Wales Healthy Canteen strategy as either "everyday," "occasional," or "should not be sold." Primary outcomes were the average proportion of "everyday," "occasional," and "should not be sold" items purchased per student. Secondary outcomes were the mean energy, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content of purchases. Outcomes were assessed using routine data collected by the online canteen. RESULTS From baseline to 15-month follow-up, on average, students in the intervention group ordered significantly more "everyday" items (+11.5%, 95% CI 7.3% to 15.6%; P<.001), and significantly fewer "occasional" (-5.4%, 95% CI -9.4% to -1.5%; P=.007) and "should not be sold" items (-6%, 95% CI -9.1% to -2.9%; P<.001), relative to controls. There were no between-group differences over time in the mean energy, saturated fat, sugar, or sodium content of lunch orders. CONCLUSIONS Given their longer-term effectiveness, choice architecture interventions delivered via online canteens may represent a promising option for policy makers to support healthy eating among high school students. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian Clinical Trials ACTRN12620001338954, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380546 ; Open Science Framework osf.io/h8zfr, https://osf.io/h8zfr/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Delaney
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Jacklyn Jackson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Christophe Lecathelinais
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Tara Clinton-McHarg
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hannah Lamont
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Rebecca Wyse
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
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27
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González-Ramírez LC, Djabayan-Djibeyan P, Prato JG, García Ríos CA, Carrero JC, Trelis M, Fuentes MV. Field study of parasitic contamination of fruits, vegetables and leafy greens in the Ecuadorian Andes. F1000Res 2024; 12:532. [PMID: 38273962 PMCID: PMC10808852 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132957.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Raw vegetables have been considered vehicles of enteroparasites. South American countries are among the most important exporters of fresh vegetables, including Ecuador, which has a tropical climate and soils rich in organic matter that allow it to harvest throughout the year for sale to different countries. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of the parasitic contamination of fruits, vegetables and leafy greens grown in an agricultural area of the Ecuadorian Andes. Methods A cross-sectional field study was conducted with snowball sampling on 1,416 samples (516 fruits, 488 vegetables, and 412 leafy greens). Each sample were washed with water, and the resulting solution after removing the vegetables, was subjected to 24-hour sedimentation. The concentrated sediment underwent microscopic analysis. Results The overall positivity for parasitic contamination was 63.4%, with leafy greens having the highest contamination rate (76.9%) (P<0.0001), surpassing vegetables (67.8%) and fruits (48.4%). Cabbage (100%), onions (84%), and strawberries (60.2%) emerged as the most contaminated within their respective groups. Protozoa were more prevalent (49.6%) than helminths (15.5%) (P<0.0001). Blastocystis sp. (33.5%) ranked highest, followed by Eimeria spp. (26.3%), Entamoeba spp. (10.3%), Giardia spp. (8.3%), Balantidium spp. (6.9%), Cryptosporidium spp. (6.6%), Cyclospora spp. (4.4%), Cystoisospora spp. (0.5%), Strongylida (15.5%), and Ascaris spp. (0.4%). Conclusions The study reveals that vegetables and fruits for human consumption from this area of the Ecuadorian Andes are highly contaminated with various parasites, constituting a possible source of infection for humans and animals in this area, or in non-endemic areas where these products are marketed. The finding emphasizes the need for strict hygienic measures in agricultural crops, which will be properly achieved through the treatment of soil, manure and water used for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Carolina González-Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación "Análisis de Muestras Biológicas y Forenses", Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Djabayan-Djibeyan
- Grupo de Investigación "Salud Pública", Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
| | - José G. Prato
- Grupo de Investigación “Estudios Interdisciplinarios”, Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
| | - Cecilia Alejandra García Ríos
- Grupo de Investigación "Salud Pública", Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
- Facultad de Salud Pública, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, 060103, Ecuador
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - María Trelis
- Research Group "Parasites and Health", Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot/Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, 46010, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Universitat de València - Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Valencian Community, 46026, Spain
| | - Màrius Vicent Fuentes
- Research Group "Parasites and Health", Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot/Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, 46010, Spain
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28
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Qiu X, Huang W, Yue W, Li D, Zhi J. Response of the serine/threonine kinase AKT and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase PDK in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to three kinds of foods and their regulation of reproductive function. Insect Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38450915 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is a typical omnivorous insect that feeds on host plants, pollens and mite eggs, and poses a threat to crops worldwide. The insulin signalling pathway (ISP) is a typical nutrient-sensitive pathway that participates in the regulation of various functions in insects. Serine/threonine kinases (AKTs) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinases (PDKs) are key components of the ISP. In this study, the FoAKT and FoPDK genes in F. occidentalis were cloned, and the effects of three foods on their expression were determined. The expression of FoAKT and FoPDK in the thrips fed on kidney bean leaves supplemented with pine pollen or mite eggs was higher than in those primarily fed on leaves alone. Meanwhile, the fecundity of thrips fed on leaves supplemented with pine pollen was highest. In addition, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of FoAKT and FoPDK decreased vitellogenin (Vg) content and Vg expression in females, shortened ovariole length, delayed egg development and reduced fecundity and offspring hatching rates. Furthermore, the synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) was reduced, and the contents of glucose, trehalose, glycogen and trehalase were affected. These results suggest that FoAKT and FoPDK regulate the reproduction of F. occidentalis by regulating Vg and JH production as well as carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Qiu
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wanqing Huang
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company, Tongren Branch, Tongren, China
| | - Wenbo Yue
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dingyin Li
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junrui Zhi
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Miyazaki T, Futohashi T, Baba H. Diet, Food Intake, and Exercise Mixed Interventions (DEMI) in the Enhancement of Wellbeing among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:32. [PMID: 38525749 PMCID: PMC10961817 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis discusses the available data on the efficacy of diet, food intake, and exercise mixed interventions (DEMI) for community-dwelling older adults in Japan and assesses the evidence level. We searched the literature regarding the research questions using electronic and hand-searching methods. To ensure the reliability and quality of the evidence, we used the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE system. All studies included DEMI; other interventions included group activities, health education, and community participation. All interventions were categorized into three classifications, namely "Diet and food intake", "Exercise", and "Other". Programs included lectures, practical exercises, group activities, consulting, and programs that could be implemented at home. By comparing groups and measuring outcomes at various time points, most studies reported positive results regarding the impact of the interventions. Specifically, usual gait speed, Food Frequency Questionnaire Score, and Diet Variety Score demonstrated significant improvement. Additionally, three studies demonstrated improvement in frailty. This review suggests that DEMI resulted in improvements in some outcome variables. However, the efficacy of all variables was not fully examined. The results of the meta-analysis revealed positive outcomes for some variables, although the evidence level for these outcomes was considered moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Miyazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata Ota-Ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan;
| | - Toshihiro Futohashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata Ota-Ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Baba
- Department of Rehabilitation, Heisei Yokohama Hospital, 550 Totsukamach Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama 244-0003, Japan;
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30
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Liu Z, Liu S, Song P, Jiao Y. Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between food and cholelithiasis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1276497. [PMID: 38501068 PMCID: PMC10944874 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1276497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cholelithiasis, commonly referred to as gallstones, is a prevalent medical condition influenced by a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and dietary habits. Specific food items have been associated with an increased susceptibility to cholelithiasis, whereas others seem to offer a protective effect against its development. Methods In this study, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a large-scale genetic dataset comprising individuals with European ancestry to explore the potential causal relationship between diet and cholelithiasis. The analysis incorporated 17 food-related variables, which were considered as potential factors influencing the occurrence of this condition. Results Our findings indicate that a higher consumption of cooked vegetables, dried fruit, and oily fish is associated with a reduced risk of cholelithiasis. Conversely, a higher consumption of lamb is associated with an increased risk of developing the condition. Importantly, these associations proved robust to sensitivity and heterogeneity tests, and the pleiotropic test results further supported the hypothesis of a causal relationship between diet and cholelithiasis. Conclusion Through our study, we provide compelling evidence for the existence of a causal relationship between diet and cholelithiasis. Adopting a dietary pattern enriched with cooked vegetables, dried fruit, and oily fish, while minimizing lamb intake, may contribute to the prevention of cholelithiasis. Recognizing diet as a modifiable risk factor in the prevention and management of this condition is of paramount importance, and our study offers valuable insights in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- Department of Gastric and Intestinal, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peizhe Song
- Department of Gastric and Intestinal, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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31
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Carris NW, Mhaskar R, Coughlin E, Bracey E, Tipparaju SM, Reddy KR, Yadav H, Halade GV. Association of Common Foods with Inflammation and Mortality: Analysis from a Large Prospective Cohort Study. J Med Food 2024; 27:267-274. [PMID: 38354278 PMCID: PMC10954602 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Some dietary patterns are associated with inflammation, while others lower inflammation and improve health. However, many people cannot follow a complete, healthy diet. Therefore, this study's aim was to identify specific foods associated chronic inflammation and mortality. The study used Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) research materials from the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center. Three plant-based and three animal-based MESA food categories were chosen based on perceived availability in the western diet. The assessed food categories were avocado, ham, sausage, eggs, greens, and broccoli. Inflammatory markers assessed were interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen antigen, C-reactive protein, D-Dimer, interleukin-2, matrix metalloproteinase 3, necrosis factor-a soluble receptors, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and total homocysteine. The primary outcome was the multivariable association of foods and inflammatory markers with all-cause mortality. All inflammatory makers, except oxLDL, were associated with mortality in univariate analysis. The effect was largest with IL-6 and D-dimer. The category of broccoli had the most consistent association in univariate analyses with lower inflammation and lower mortality odds. Low and high broccoli consumption versus no consumption were associated with lower mortality odds in the multivariable models with IL-6 and D-dimer. Consumption of the MESA-defined food category "broccoli" (i.e., broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, sauerkraut, and kimchee) was associated with lower inflammation and lower mortality odds. These findings should be validated in randomized controlled trials testing a "food is medicine" approach to identify which, if any, of these foods may have potential as an herbal therapeutic for chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Carris
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rahul Mhaskar
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, , Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Emily Coughlin
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, , Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Easton Bracey
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Koushik R. Reddy
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, , Tampa, Florida, USA
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, , Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ganesh V. Halade
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, , Tampa, Florida, USA
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de Sousa KG, de Carvalho Chaves S, de Souza Barbosa T, Gavião MBD. Nutritional status, feeding behavior, and oral conditions in preschool children exposed to secondhand smoke. Ecol Food Nutr 2024; 63:63-82. [PMID: 38308642 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2024.2307431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether the nutritional status of preschoolers is influenced by secondhand smoke. Pairs of mothers-children (N = 201) were allocated in "children exposed to secondhand smoke (ESHS)" or "not exposed (N_ESHS)." Mothers answered, "The Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire (PFSQ)." The nutritional status and oral conditions were evaluated using WHO criteria. ESHS was 3.5 more likely to have a high BMI and their mothers had 10 kg more than N_ESHS. The probability of having dental caries was 2.28 and 3.68 times greater when the mother's BMI increases and when family/mothers were smokers, independently whether they smoke in the child's presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Guedes de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
- Department of Dentistry, UniFacex, Natal, Brasil
| | | | - Taís de Souza Barbosa
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Campus of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Falandysz J, Hart A, Rose M, Anastassiadou M, Eskes C, Gergelova P, Innocenti M, Rovesti E, Whitty B, Nielsen E. Risks for animal and human health related to the presence of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in feed and food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8640. [PMID: 38476320 PMCID: PMC10928787 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
EFSA was asked for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in feed and food. The assessment focused on hexaCNs due to very limited data on other PCN congeners. For hexaCNs in feed, 217 analytical results were used to estimate dietary exposures for food-producing and non-food-producing animals; however, a risk characterisation could not be performed because none of the toxicological studies allowed identification of reference points. The oral repeated dose toxicity studies performed in rats with a hexaCN mixture containing all 10 hexaCNs indicated that the critical target was the haematological system. A BMDL20 of 0.05 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day was identified for a considerable decrease in the platelet count. For hexaCNs in food, 2317 analytical results were used to estimate dietary exposures across dietary surveys and age groups. The highest exposure ranged from 0.91 to 29.8 pg/kg bw per day in general population and from 220 to 559 pg/kg bw per day for breast-fed infants with the highest consumption of breast milk. Applying a margin of exposure (MOE) approach, the estimated MOEs for the high dietary exposures ranged from 1,700,000 to 55,000,000 for the general population and from 90,000 to 230,000 for breast-fed infants with the highest consumption of breast milk. These MOEs are far above the minimum MOE of 2000 that does not raise a health concern. Taking account of the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded with at least 99% certainty that dietary exposure to hexaCNs does not raise a health concern for any of the population groups considered. Due to major limitations in the available data, no assessment was possible for genotoxic effects or for health risks of PCNs other than hexaCNs.
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Stonawski V, Mai-Lippold SA, Graap H, Moll GH, Kratz O, Van Doren J, Horndasch S. Processing of food stimuli in anorexia nervosa: An ERP-study comparing adolescents and adults. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024; 32:281-297. [PMID: 37850962 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with altered processing of disorder-relevant stimuli. Event-related potentials (ERP) - such as the Late Positive Potential (LPP) - give information about the underlying mechanisms of central nervous stimulus processing. METHODS Patients with AN (22 adolescents, 23 adults) and healthy controls (HCs; 17 adolescents, 24 adults) were included. Neutral, low, and high calorie food-images were rated for valence and arousal; EEG activity was recorded and LPPs (early: 350-700 ms; late: 800-1200 ms) were extracted. Effects of patient status, age group, and stimulus category were analyzed via mixed 2 × 2 × 3-AN(C)OVAs. RESULTS Patients with AN rated high calorie stimuli lower in valence and higher in arousal than HCs. Controlling for hunger, food stimuli elicited higher early LPPs than neutral ones in patients and HCs. For the late LPP, patients with AN showed larger amplitudes. CONCLUSION Results suggest a highly automatic attentional bias towards low-calorie foods. Patients with AN seem to have more intense cognitive processing independent of stimulus material. More research is needed to validate and clarify differences between early and late LPP measures as well as the operationalization and relevance of hunger status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Stonawski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra A Mai-Lippold
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Holmer Graap
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunther H Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica Van Doren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Horndasch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Massaccesi C, Korb S, Götzendorfer S, Chiappini E, Willeit M, Lundström JN, Windischberger C, Eisenegger C, Silani G. Effects of dopamine and opioid receptor antagonism on the neural processing of social and nonsocial rewards. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26645. [PMID: 38445523 PMCID: PMC10915723 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Rewards are a broad category of stimuli inducing approach behavior to aid survival. Extensive evidence from animal research has shown that wanting (the motivation to pursue a reward) and liking (the pleasure associated with its consumption) are mostly regulated by dopaminergic and opioidergic activity in dedicated brain areas. However, less is known about the neuroanatomy of dopaminergic and opioidergic regulation of reward processing in humans, especially when considering different types of rewards (i.e., social and nonsocial). To fill this gap of knowledge, we combined dopaminergic and opioidergic antagonism (via amisulpride and naltrexone administration) with functional neuroimaging to investigate the neurochemical and neuroanatomical bases of wanting and liking of matched nonsocial (food) and social (interpersonal touch) rewards, using a randomized, between-subject, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. While no drug effect was observed at the behavioral level, brain activity was modulated by the administered compounds. In particular, opioid antagonism, compared to placebo, reduced activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex during consumption of the most valued social and nonsocial rewards. Dopamine antagonism, however, had no clear effects on brain activity in response to reward anticipation. These findings provide insights into the neurobiology of human reward processing and suggest a similar opioidergic regulation of the neural responses to social and nonsocial reward consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Massaccesi
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Cognition, Emotion and Methods in PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sebastian Korb
- Department of Cognition, Emotion and Methods in PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | | | - Emilio Chiappini
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Matthaeus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Eisenegger
- Department of Cognition, Emotion and Methods in PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Giorgia Silani
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Canga EM, Gowen A, Xu JL. Assessing the inconsistency of microplastic measurements in foods and beverages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13315. [PMID: 38462817 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the food chain has gained substantial recognition as a pressing concern, highlighting the inevitability of human exposure through ingestion of foodborne MPs, coupled with the release of MPs from plastic packaging. However, there are notable disparities in the reported numbers of MPs in foods and beverages, warranting a thorough investigation into the factors contributing to these discrepancies. Table salt is one of the major sources of MPs, and there was an approximately hundred-fold difference between the reviewed studies that reported the highest and lowest number of MPs. In addition, more noticeable discrepancies were discovered between studies on MPs released from teabags. One study reported that approximately 15 billion MPs were released into a cup of tea from a single teabag, whereas another research paper found only approximately 106.3 ± 14.6 MP/teabag after brewing. This comprehensive review focuses on the inconsistencies observed across studies examining MPs, shedding light on the plausible factors underlying these variations. Furthermore, the review outlines areas in analytical procedures that require enhancement and offers recommendations to promote accuracy and standardization in future research efforts, such as employing analytical methods capable of confirming the presence of MPs, using appropriate filter sizes, considering representative sample sizes when extrapolation is involved, and so on. By pinpointing the detection processes leading to the inconsistent results observed in MP studies, this comparative analysis will contribute to the development of reliable analytic methods for understanding the extent of microplastic contamination in the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Merve Canga
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Gowen
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jun-Li Xu
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Buytaers FE, Verhaegen B, Van Nieuwenhuysen T, Roosens NHC, Vanneste K, Marchal K, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Strain-level characterization of foodborne pathogens without culture enrichment for outbreak investigation using shotgun metagenomics facilitated with nanopore adaptive sampling. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1330814. [PMID: 38495515 PMCID: PMC10940517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1330814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shotgun metagenomics has previously proven effective in the investigation of foodborne outbreaks by providing rapid and comprehensive insights into the microbial contaminant. However, culture enrichment of the sample has remained a prerequisite, despite the potential impact on pathogen detection resulting from the growth competition. To circumvent the need for culture enrichment, we explored the use of adaptive sampling using various databases for a targeted nanopore sequencing, compared to shotgun metagenomics alone. Methods The adaptive sampling method was first tested on DNA of mashed potatoes mixed with DNA of a Staphylococcus aureus strain previously associated with a foodborne outbreak. The selective sequencing was used to either deplete the potato sequencing reads or enrich for the pathogen sequencing reads, and compared to a shotgun sequencing. Then, living S. aureus were spiked at 105 CFU into 25 g of mashed potatoes. Three DNA extraction kits were tested, in combination with enrichment using adaptive sampling, following whole genome amplification. After data analysis, the possibility to characterize the contaminant with the different sequencing and extraction methods, without culture enrichment, was assessed. Results Overall, the adaptive sampling outperformed the shotgun sequencing. While the use of a host removal DNA extraction kit and targeted sequencing using a database of foodborne pathogens allowed rapid detection of the pathogen, the most complete characterization was achieved when using solely a database of S. aureus combined with a conventional DNA extraction kit, enabling accurate placement of the strain on a phylogenetic tree alongside outbreak cases. Discussion This method shows great potential for strain-level analysis of foodborne outbreaks without the need for culture enrichment, thereby enabling faster investigations and facilitating precise pathogen characterization. The integration of adaptive sampling with metagenomics presents a valuable strategy for more efficient and targeted analysis of microbial communities in foodborne outbreaks, contributing to improved food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence E. Buytaers
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bavo Verhaegen
- National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Outbreaks (NRL-FBO) and for Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (NRL-CPS), Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Nieuwenhuysen
- National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Outbreaks (NRL-FBO) and for Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (NRL-CPS), Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Information Technology, IDlab, IMEC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kha R, Wen Q, Bender N, Jones C, Gopinath B, Macniven R, Tang D. Understanding barriers and enablers to participation in a proposed online lifestyle intervention for older adults with age-related macular degeneration to guide programme implementation. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:317-331. [PMID: 37840275 PMCID: PMC10958751 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231204722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding condition associated with depression, loneliness and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours which drives AMD progression. We have proposed the first online lifestyle intervention for AMD, called Movement, Interaction and Nutrition for Greater Lifestyles in the Elderly (MINGLE) to promote positive lifestyle changes and reduce loneliness. This qualitative grounded-theory study explored enablers and barriers to future participation in MINGLE for older adults with AMD. Thirty-one participants were interviewed and thematic analysis revealed nine themes. Enablers to participation were: socialising and learning about AMD, motivation to improve health, programme accessibility and structure. Barriers were: lack of time, technology, limited knowledge regarding holistic interventions, vision-related issues, mobility and negative perception of group interactions. These factors must be considered when developing lifestyle interventions for AMD patients to maximise participation. Supporting technology use and raising awareness about benefits of healthy lifestyle behaviours for AMD may help overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rona Macniven
- Macquarie University, Australia
- UNSW Sydney, Australia
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Akamatsu F, Jomura N, Tsuchida Y, Igi Y, Hisatsune Y, Teramoto S, Fujita A, Yamada O. Effect of water deficit stress during fruit cultivation on the carbon stable isotopes of organic acids in Japanese apricots and liqueur prepared from these fruits. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2024; 60:1-12. [PMID: 38129760 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2292701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of water deficit stress during fruit cultivation on the δ13C values of citric acid and malic acid in Japanese apricots at different ripeness stages and their resulting liqueurs. Our experiments show that water deficit stress increases the δ13C values of citric acid and malic acid in tree-ripened fruits, counteracting the typical decrease during ripening. However, water deficit treatment has a minimal effect on the δ13C values of organic acids in green fruits. Regardless of fruit ripeness or water status, the δ13C values of organic acids in fruits are directly reflected in the resulting liqueurs. Overall, water deficit stress during fruit cultivation has the potential to promote similarity in the δ13C values of organic acids across fruits at different ripeness levels, reducing variations among liqueurs derived from fruits of varying ripeness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Akamatsu
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Jomura
- Japanese Apricot Laboratory, Wakayama Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Minabe, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Tsuchida
- Japanese Apricot Laboratory, Wakayama Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Minabe, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukari Igi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Hisatsune
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoko Teramoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujita
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamada
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Dağoğlu I, Keskin Alkaç Z, Korkak FA, Kazdal SM, Dağ A. Acrylamide in heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods in Turkey. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38424740 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2316696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide data on the amount of acrylamide (AA) in 270 heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods in Turkey, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 270 samples were analysed and it was found that 85% of potato chips, 80% of biscuits, 85% of cakes, 80% of bread, 80% of roasted peanuts, 80% of roasted nuts and 85% of pretzels contained AA above the limit of quantification (LOQ). Analytical results indicated that 10 corn chips samples, 4 biscuits samples, all bread samples, all wheat bread samples, 2 dried bread samples and 1 pretzel sample contained AA levels above the benchmark levels of 150, 350, 50, 50, 300 and 300 µg/kg, respectively, as set by the European Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Dağoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Diedetics, Firat University of Medicine Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Keskin Alkaç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ahmet Korkak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Saibe Merve Kazdal
- Department of Nutrition and Diedetics, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training Research Hospital, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Dağ
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Lokman Hekim, Ankara, Turkey
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Lambert K, Ryan M, Flanagan J, Broinowski G, Nicdao M, Stanford J, Chau K. Dietary Patterns, Dietary Adequacy and Nutrient Intake in Adults Commencing Peritoneal Dialysis: Outcomes from a Longitudinal Cohort Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:663. [PMID: 38474791 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Optimal dietary intake is integral to good health in people receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). We investigated how dietary patterns, dietary adequacy and nutrient intake may change over time in people commencing PD. (2) Methods: Participants were attending the PD training unit for the commencement of peritoneal dialysis, aged ≥18 years and willing to complete food records. Misreporters were excluded from the analysis. Dietary intake was compared at PD commencement and at 12 months. Intake was also compared to reference standards. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. (3) Results: There were no significant changes between baseline and 12 months for grains, fruit, vegetables and meat. Dairy and added sugar intake was significantly lower (p = 0.01). The intake of energy and protein was adequate and did not change. There was a significant reduction in dietary phosphorus and calcium, and increased vitamin C intake. Three dietary patterns were identified: the 'Bread and Cereal' pattern; 'Milk and Potatoes' pattern; and the 'Semi Vegetarian' pattern. (4) Conclusions: In this longitudinal cohort study, the diet quality was suboptimal and there were limited changes in intake after the commencement of PD. Further exploration of how dietary patterns may impact outcomes and quality of life is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lambert
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Michele Ryan
- Western Renal Service, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Jade Flanagan
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Georgie Broinowski
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Maryann Nicdao
- Western Renal Service, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Jordan Stanford
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Katrina Chau
- Western Renal Service, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
- Blacktown Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
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Hu L, Zhang G. Effect of selective enrichment storage temperature and duration time on the detection of Salmonella in food. J AOAC Int 2024:qsae014. [PMID: 38407384 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For pathogen detection in food, there are occasions where samples cannot be processed immediately after selective enrichment or need to be reexamined days/weeks later for confirmation or retest. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of different prolonged period of storage of selective enrichments of food at 4 ± 2 °C and room temperature (20-22 °C) on the detection and isolation of Salmonella. METHODS This study included two experiments involving 34 types of foods to compare the effect of 4 ± 2 °C and room temperature storage on the detection of Salmonella in 204 selective enrichments [Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) and Tetrathionate (TT) broths] during a 42-day storage (Experiment I); and to monitor the survival of Salmonella in 300 selective enrichments (RV and TT) with different pre-enrichment broths [Lactose broth (LB) or Buffered peptone water broth (BPW)], stored at 4 °C for 60 days (Experiment II). All the samples were subjected to Salmonella analysis following FDA BAM method. RESULTS During multiple samplings, the positive detection rate for Salmonella remained consistent through Day 42 after selective enrichment, irrespective of Salmonella serotype, storage temperature, pre-enrichment broth, or selective enrichment broth in both Experiment I and II. However, on Day 60 sampling in Experiment II, seven previously positive results turned to negatives. This data indicated that storage of RV and TT enrichments at 4 ± 2 °C or room temperature for up to 42 days after selective enrichment did not compromise the detection of Salmonella in the tested food categories, regardless of Salmonella serotypes and the broths used for pre-enrichment and selective enrichment. CONCLUSION At least for the specific food types studied in this experiment, the recovery of Salmonella from selective enrichments could be postponed for a limited period of time (e.g., < 42 days) if needed without adversely affecting the test results. However, the delayed analysis of TT and RV enrichments does pose a risk of reduced detection sensitivity, as evidenced by the seven negative results on Day 60 compared to previous positives. We do not recommend or endorse delaying the analysis of TT and RV enrichments. HIGHLIGHTS In the food matrices investigated in this experiment, the plating and isolation of Salmonella from selective TT and RV enrichments stored at 4 ± 2 °C or room temperature could be deferred for a period (up to 42 days) without any negative effect on the test results, if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hu
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Moldovan D, Rusu C, Potra A, Tirinescu D, Ticala M, Kacso I. Food to Prevent Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:617. [PMID: 38474744 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is of paramount importance regarding the survival of CKD patients. VC is far from being controlled with actual medication; as a result, in recent years, diet modulation has become more compelling. The concept of medical nutritional therapy points out the idea that food may prevent or treat diseases. The aim of this review was to evaluate the influence of food habits and nutritional intervention in the occurrence and progression of VC in CKD. Evidence reports the harmfulness of ultra-processed food, food additives, and animal-based proteins due to the increased intake of high absorbable phosphorus, the scarcity of fibers, and the increased production of uremic toxins. Available data are more supportive of a plant-dominant diet, especially for the impact on gut microbiota composition, which varies significantly depending on VC presence. Magnesium has been shown to prevent VC but only in experimental and small clinical studies. Vitamin K has drawn considerable attention due to its activation of VC inhibitors. There are positive studies; unfortunately, recent trials failed to prove its efficacy in preventing VC. Future research is needed and should aim to transform food into a medical intervention to eliminate VC danger in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moldovan
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Crina Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Potra
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Ticala
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ina Kacso
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Touranlou FA, Moghimani M, Marhamati M, Rezaie M. Detection and measurement of radioactive substances in water and food: a narrative review. Ital J Food Saf 2024; 13:11651. [PMID: 38623281 PMCID: PMC11017961 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.11651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Contamination of food and water with radioactive substances is a serious health problem. There are several methods to detect and measure radioactive materials, some of which have been developed in recent years. This paper aims to discuss the methods of detecting and measuring radioactive substances in food and water. The principles and the advantages and disadvantages of each method have been discussed. The results showed that some of these methods, such as spectrometry γ-ray high-purity germanium, portable radon gas surveyor SILENA, RAD7, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, have a higher sensitivity for detection and measurement. The spectrometry γ-ray high-purity germanium method has attracted more attention than other methods because it can measure a wide range of radionuclides with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitra Rezaie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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de Jesus ACC, Botelho LV, Canella DS, Tavares LF, de Castro PCP, da Silva IDCG, Cardoso LDO. Food environment of bus terminals in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region. Rev Saude Publica 2024; 58:04. [PMID: 38381894 PMCID: PMC10878687 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058004769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and analyze the healthiness of formal and informal food establishments in bus terminals of the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. METHOD An audit was conducted in 156 formal and 127 informal food establishments located in 14 bus terminals of the five most populous cities of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Proportions of types of establishments and means (95%CI) of food availability indicators in formal and informal settings were calculated. For the formal setting, prices, proportions of accepted payment methods, days and hours of operation, and food categories with displayed advertising were described. RESULTS The healthiness of food establishments in bus terminals was low (less than 36%). On average, ultra-processed food subgroups were 250% more available for purchase than fresh or minimally processed food. Purchasing food at these places was convenient because several forms of payment were available, and the opening hours of the establishments followed the peaks of movement. In addition, 73.3% of the advertising referred to ultra-processed drinks, and the cost-benefit of buying ultra-processed food was better than fresh or minimally processed food. CONCLUSION The food environment of bus terminals in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro promotes unhealthy eating. Regulatory public policies should focus on initiatives to limit the wide availability and advertising of ultra-processed food in spaces of great circulation of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Castro de Jesus
- Fundação Oswaldo CruzEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio AroucaPrograma de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia em Saúde PúblicaRio de JaneiroRJBrazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia em Saúde Pública. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Laís Vargas Botelho
- Fundação Oswaldo CruzEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio AroucaPrograma de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia em Saúde PúblicaRio de JaneiroRJBrazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia em Saúde Pública. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Silva Canella
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroInstituto de NutriçãoDepartamento de Nutrição AplicadaRio de JaneiroRJBrazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Nutrição. Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Ferreira Tavares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroInstituto de Nutrição Josué de CastroDepartamento de GastronomiaRio de JaneiroRJBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro. Departamento de Gastronomia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Paulo César Pereira de Castro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroInstituto de Nutrição Josué de CastroDepartamento de Nutrição Social e AplicadaRio de JaneiroRJBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro. Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Isabela da Costa Gaspar da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo CruzEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio AroucaPrograma de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia em Saúde PúblicaRio de JaneiroRJBrazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia em Saúde Pública. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso
- Fundação Oswaldo CruzEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio AroucaDepartamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos QuantitativosRio de JaneiroRJBrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Goraya N, Wesson DE. Pathophysiology of Diet-Induced Acid Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2336. [PMID: 38397012 PMCID: PMC10888592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets can influence the body's acid-base status because specific food components yield acids, bases, or neither when metabolized. Animal-sourced foods yield acids and plant-sourced food, particularly fruits and vegetables, generally yield bases when metabolized. Modern diets proportionately contain more animal-sourced than plant-sourced foods, are, thereby, generally net acid-producing, and so constitute an ongoing acid challenge. Acid accumulation severe enough to reduce serum bicarbonate concentration, i.e., manifesting as chronic metabolic acidosis, the most extreme end of the continuum of "acid stress", harms bones and muscles and appears to enhance the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Progressive acid accumulation that does not achieve the threshold amount necessary to cause chronic metabolic acidosis also appears to have deleterious effects. Specifically, identifiable acid retention without reduced serum bicarbonate concentration, which, in this review, we will call "covert acidosis", appears to cause kidney injury and exacerbate CKD progression. Furthermore, the chronic engagement of mechanisms to mitigate the ongoing acid challenge of modern diets also appears to threaten health, including kidney health. This review describes the full continuum of "acid stress" to which modern diets contribute and the mechanisms by which acid stress challenges health. Ongoing research will develop clinically useful tools to identify stages of acid stress earlier than metabolic acidosis and determine if dietary acid reduction lowers or eliminates the threats to health that these diets appear to cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrit Goraya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76508, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Donald E. Wesson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Dallas, TX 78712, USA
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Bianco M, Ventura G, Calvano CD, Losito I, Cataldi TRI, Monopoli A. Matrix Selection Strategies for MALDI-TOF MS/MS Characterization of Cyclic Tetrapyrroles in Blood and Food Samples. Molecules 2024; 29:868. [PMID: 38398620 PMCID: PMC10891649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic tetrapyrrole derivatives such as porphyrins, chlorins, corrins (compounds with a corrin core), and phthalocyanines are a family of molecules containing four pyrrole rings usually coordinating a metal ion (Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, etc.). Here, we report the characterization of some representative cyclic tetrapyrrole derivatives by MALDI-ToF/ToF MS analyses, including heme b and c, phthalocyanines, and protoporphyrins after proper matrix selection. Both neutral and acidic matrices were evaluated to assess potential demetallation, adduct formation, and fragmentation. While chlorophylls exhibited magnesium demetallation in acidic matrices, cyclic tetrapyrroles with Fe, Zn, Co, Cu, or Ni remained steadfast against demetallation across all conditions. Phthalocyanines and protoporphyrins were also detectable without a matrix using laser desorption ionization (LDI); however, the incorporation of matrices achieved the highest ionization yield, enhanced sensitivity, and negligible fragmentation. Three standard proteins, i.e., myoglobin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c, were analyzed either intact or enzymatically digested, yielding heme b and heme c ions along with accompanying peptides. Furthermore, we successfully detected and characterized heme b in real samples, including blood, bovine and cod liver, and mussel. As a result, MALDI MS/MS emerged as a powerful tool for straightforward cyclic tetrapyrrole identification, even in highly complex samples. Our work paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of cyclic tetrapyrroles in biological and industrial settings, including the geochemical field, as these compounds are a source of significant geological and geochemical information in sediments and crude oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.); (T.R.I.C.)
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.); (T.R.I.C.)
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.); (T.R.I.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center (SMART), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.); (T.R.I.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center (SMART), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.); (T.R.I.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center (SMART), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.B.); (G.V.); (I.L.); (T.R.I.C.)
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Adams PJ, Gregan MJ. Moral jeopardy, conflicts of interest and the integrity of public health research. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae023. [PMID: 38374718 PMCID: PMC10877091 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Adams
- Centre for Addiction Research, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Melissa-Jade Gregan
- Centre for Addiction Research, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
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Günalan E, Yoldaş T, Turgut R, Yenigün A, Yıldırım Çavak B, Parmaksız A. Assessment of Nutritional Composition of Turkish Red Crescent Menus After the M7.8 and M7.6 Earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e20. [PMID: 38345512 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the nutritional content and quality of the Turkish Red Crescent (TRC) menus delivered to earthquake victims after the 2023 earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye. METHODS The menus of general, search-rescue, diabetes, and celiac were obtained from the TRC following the magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.6 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The nutrient content of the menus was evaluated with the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF20.3) score. In addition, the menus' energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient contents were compared with the dietary reference intake values of the Türkiye Dietary Guideline-2022, European Food Safety Authority, and Food and Drug Administration. RESULTS The general menu was insufficient to meet the daily requirements of vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium for earthquake victims. The sodium, phosphorous, and omega-6/omega-3 ratios were much higher than the recommended intakes. The NRF20.3 score of the diabetes menu was significantly higher than the search-rescue and celiac menus (P < 0.05). The energy content of the search-rescue menu was significantly higher than that of other menus (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The several nutritional risks were determined in TRC menus for earthquake victims who suffered from the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Several supplementation programs can be applied to the earthquake regions to obtain strength immunity and effectively challenge posttraumatic stress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Günalan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Yoldaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana Turgut
- Institute of Graduate Education, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bezmialem Center of Education, Practice and Research in Phytotherapy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Yenigün
- Institute of Graduate Education, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Yıldırım Çavak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Graduate Education, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Parmaksız
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
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50
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Lu YS, Qiu J, Mu XY, Qian YZ, Chen L. Levels, Toxic Effects, and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foods: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:536. [PMID: 38397512 PMCID: PMC10888194 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of plants. To date, more than 660 types of PAs have been identified from an estimated 6000 plants, and approximately 120 of these PAs are hepatotoxic. As a result of PAs being found in spices, herbal teas, honey, and milk, PAs are considered contaminants in foods, posing a potential risk to human health. Here, we summarize the chemical structure, toxic effects, levels, and regulation of PAs in different countries to provide a better understanding of their toxicity and risk assessment. With recent research on the risk assessment of PAs, this review also discusses the challenges facing this field, aiming to provide a scientific basis for PA toxicity research and safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-Z.Q.)
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-Z.Q.)
| | - Xi-Yan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-Z.Q.)
| | - Yong-Zhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-Z.Q.)
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-Z.Q.)
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