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Nisar N, Ajmal M, Hanif NQ, Hassan SW. Phytochemicals analysis and aflatoxin B 1 detoxification potential of leaves extract of Moringa oleifera and Calotropis procera. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38625875 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2342003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the presence of certain classes of phytochemicals in the leaf extract of medicinal herbs viz. Moringa oleifera and Calotropis procera, using qualitative detection tests and explored the potential of aqueous and ethanolic extract to inhibit aflatoxin production by thin layer chromatography at 25 °C and pH (7) of different incubation times i.e. 0-, 1-, 3-, 6- and 24-h. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reported that the aqueous leave extracts of M. oleifera and C. procera contained tannins, phlobatannins, quinones, steroids, sugar, betacyanins, fatty acids, phenols, and volatile oils. Aflatoxin analysis reported that the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera was found more effective than detoxifying 100% of AFB1 after 24 h of incubation. In the case of C. procera, the aqueous extract reduced 96.5% of AFB1 and ethanolic extract reduced 96% of AFB1 after 24-h of incubation. The results revealed that natural plant products have a high potential to reduce AFB1 and could contribute to mitigation plans for AFB1. There is a need for further characterisation using techniques such as GC-MS, LC-MS, or NMR which would provide valuable information on the chemical composition of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehrish Nisar
- Center of Integrative Conservation Macroevolution Group, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, UCAS, Mengla, China
| | - Maryam Ajmal
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Akbar M, Ali N, Imran M, Hussain A, Hassan SW, Haroon U, Kamal A, Farhana, Chaudhary HJ, Munis MFH. Spherical Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles inhibit the production of aflatoxins (B 1 and B 2) and regulate total soluble solids and titratable acidity of peach fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110508. [PMID: 38029662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a group I carcinogen and causes significant public health and food safety risks, throughout the world. This study was carried out to assess the levels of aflatoxin contamination in diseased peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit and their control using myco-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs). Diseased peach fruit were diagnosed to be infected with Aspergillus flavus. The isolated pathogen was cultured under UV light (365 nm) and exposed to ammonium hydroxide (31 %) vapors, which confirmed its ability to produce aflatoxin. For the control of this disease, Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized in the filtrate of a biocontrol fungus (Trichoderma harzianum) and characterized before analyzing their potential in disease control. FTIR spectrum described the presence of capping and reducing agents (secondary amines, alcohol, alkyne and aromatic compounds) on the surface of Fe2O3 NPs. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) described the crystalline size (7.78), while the spherical shape of Fe2O3 NPs was described by the SEM analysis. The EDX spectrum indicated the successful formation of Fe2O3 NPs by showing strong signals of iron (74.38 %). All concentrations displayed mycelial growth inhibition, in vitro and the greatest growth reduction (65.4 %) was observed at 1 mg/ml concentration of NPs. At the same concentration of Fe2O3 NPs, significant control of fruit rot of peach was also observed, in vivo. Treatment of Fe2O3 NPs maintained higher soluble solids, sucrose, total sugar, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and firmness of peach fruit. Diseased fruit were further investigated for the presence and detection of aflatoxins. All three methods viz. thin layer chromatography (TLC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed a higher production of aflatoxins in control plants, while this production was significantly reduced in Fe2O3 NPs-treated peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Akbar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hussain
- Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Hassan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt., Pakistan
| | - Urooj Haroon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Farhana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Weissensteiner J, Molitor C, Marinovic S, Führer L, Waqas Hassan S, Hutabarat OS, Spornberger A, Stich K, Hausjell J, Spadiut O, Haselmair-Gosch C, Halbwirth H. Molecular and Enzymatic Characterization of Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase of Malus × domestica. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10091956. [PMID: 34579488 PMCID: PMC8469728 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Malus × domestica (apple) accumulates particularly high amounts of dihydrochalcones in various tissues, with phloridzin (phloretin 2′-O-glucoside) being prevalent, although small amounts of 3-hydroxyphloretin and 3-hydroxyphloridzin are also constitutively present. The latter was shown to correlate with increased disease resistance of transgenic M. × domestica plants. Two types of enzymes could be involved in 3-hydroxylation of dihydrochalcones: polyphenol oxidases or the flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), which catalyzes B-ring hydroxylation of flavonoids. We isolated two F3′H cDNA clones from apple leaves and tested recombinant Malus F3′Hs for their substrate specificity. From the two isolated cDNA clones, only F3′HII encoded a functionally active enzyme. In the F3′HI sequence, we identified two putatively relevant amino acids that were exchanged in comparison to that of a previously published F3′HI. Site directed mutagenesis, which exchanged an isoleucine into methionine in position 211 restored the functional activity, which is probably because it is located in an area involved in interaction with the substrate. In contrast to high activity with various flavonoid substrates, the recombinant enzymes did not accept phloretin under assay conditions, making an involvement in the dihydrochalcone biosynthesis unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weissensteiner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
| | - Christian Molitor
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
| | - Silvija Marinovic
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
| | - Lisa Führer
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
| | - Syed Waqas Hassan
- Department of Bio-Sciences, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah 47040, Pakistan;
| | - Olly Sanny Hutabarat
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Spornberger
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karl Stich
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
| | - Johanna Hausjell
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
| | - Christian Haselmair-Gosch
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.W.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (L.F.); (O.S.H.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (O.S.); (C.H.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-58801166559; Fax: +43-1-5880117399
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Ali J, Ali F, Ahmad I, Rafique M, Munis MFH, Hassan SW, Sultan T, Iftikhar M, Chaudhary HJ. Mechanistic elucidation of germination potential and growth of Sesbania sesban seedlings with Bacillus anthracis PM21 under heavy metals stress: An in vitro study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111769. [PMID: 33396087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Soils contaminated with heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) severely impede plant growth. Several rhizospheric microorganisms support plant growth under heavy metal stress. In this study, Cr and Cd stress was applied to in vitro germinating seedlings of a Legume plant species, Sesbania sesban, and investigated the plant growth potential in presence and absence of Bacillus anthracis PM21 bacterial strain under heavy metal stress. The seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of Cr (25-75 mg/L) and Cd (100-200 mg/L) in Petri plates. Growth curve analysis of B. anthracis PM21 revealed its potential to adapt Cr and Cd stress. The bacteria supported plant growth by exhibiting ACC-deaminase activity (1.57-1.75 μM of α-ketobutyrate/h/mg protein), producing Indole-3-acetic acid (99-119 μM/mL) and exopolysaccharides (2.74-2.98 mg/mL), under heavy metal stress condition. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in growth parameters between the seedlings with and without bacterial inoculation in metal stress condition. The combined Cr+Cd stress (75 + 200 mg/L) significantly reduced root length (70%), shoot length (24%), dry weight (54%) and fresh weight (57%) as compared to control. Conversely, B. anthracis PM21 inoculation to seedlings significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) seed germination percentage (5%), root length (31%), shoot length (23%) and photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a: 20%; Chlorophyll b: 16% and total chlorophyll: 18%), as compared to control seedlings without B. anthracis PM21 inoculation. The B. anthracis PM21 inoculation also enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (52%), peroxidase (66%), and catalase (21%), and decreased proline content (56%), electrolyte leakage (50%), and malondialdehyde concentration (46%) in seedlings. The B. anthracis PM21 inoculated seedlings of S. sesban exhibited significantly high (p ≤ 0.05) tissue deposition of Cr (17%) and Cd (16%) as compared to their control counterparts. Findings of the study suggested that B. anthracis PM21 endured metal stress through homeostasis of antioxidant activities, and positively impacted S. sesban growth and biomass. Further experiments in controlled conditions are necessary for investigating phytoremediation potential of S. sesban in metal-contaminated soils in presence of B. anthracis PM21 bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Rafique
- Department of Soil and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, The University of Haripur, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tariq Sultan
- Soil Biology Program, Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar
- Soil Biology Program, Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Khizar M, Shi J, Saleem S, Liaquat F, Ashraf M, Latif S, Haroon U, Hassan SW, Rehman SU, Chaudhary HJ, Quraishi UM, Munis MFH. Resistance associated metabolite profiling of Aspergillus leaf spot in cotton through non-targeted metabolomics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228675. [PMID: 32049975 PMCID: PMC7015376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus tubingensis is an important pathogen of economically important crops. Different biotic stresses strongly influence the balance of metabolites in plants. The aim of this study was to understand the function and response of resistance associated metabolites which, in turn are involved in many secondary metabolomics pathways to influence defense mechanism of cotton plant. Analysis of non-targeted metabolomics using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) revealed abundant accumulation of key metabolites including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, fatty acids and carbohydrates, in response to leaf spot of cotton. The principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots illustrated the evidences of variation between two varieties of cotton under mock and pathogen inoculated treatments. Primary metabolism was affected by the up regulation of pyruvate and malate and by the accumulation of carbohydrates like cellobiose and inulobiose. Among 241 resistance related (RR) metabolites, 18 were identified as resistance related constitutive (RRC) and 223 as resistance related induced (RRI) metabolites. Several RRI metabolites, identified in the present study were the precursors for many secondary metabolic pathways. These included phenylpropanoids (stilbenes and furanocoumarin), flavonoids (phlorizin and kaempferol), alkaloids (indolizine and acetylcorynoline) and terpenoids (azelaic acid and oleanolic acid). Our results demonstrated that secondary metabolism, primary metabolism and energy metabolism were more active in resistant cultivar, as compared to sensitive cultivar. Differential protein and fatty acid metabolism was also depicted in both cultivars. Accumulation of these defense related metabolites in resistant cotton cultivar and their suppression in susceptible cotton cultivar revealed the reason of their respective tolerance and susceptibility against A. tubingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khizar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jianxin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadia Saleem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Liaquat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadia Latif
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Haroon
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Hassan
- Department of Bioscience, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt., Pakistan
| | - Shafiq ur Rehman
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umar Masood Quraishi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a condition marked by the presence or formation of stones in kidneys. Several factors contribute to kidney stones development such as environmental conditions, type of dietary intake, gender and gastrointestinal flora. Most of the kidney stones are composed of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, which enter in to the body through diet. Both sources of oxalates become dangerous when normal flora of gastrointestinal tract is disturbed. Oxalobacter and Lactobacillus species exist symbiotically in the human gut and prevent stone formation by altering some biochemical pathways through production of specific enzymes which help in the degradation of oxalate salts. Both Oxalobacter and Lactobacillus have potential probiotic characteristics for the prevention of kidney stone formation and this avenue should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Sadaf
- Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah City, Pakistan
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah City, Pakistan
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Price H, Sapin H, Pechtner V, Tahbaz A, Hassan SW. Effects of once weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg on glycaemic control, weight and hypoglycaemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes in the AWARD-1 and AWARD-2 clinical trials. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Price
- West Hampshire Community Diabetes Service, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - H Sapin
- Lilly, Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | | | - A Tahbaz
- Eli Lilly and Company, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
| | - SW Hassan
- Eli Lilly and Company, Basingstoke, United Kingdom
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Hassan SW, Waheed MT, Müller M, Clarke JL, Shinwari ZK, Lössl AG. Expression of HPV-16 L1 capsomeres with glutathione-S-transferase as a fusion protein in tobacco plastids: an approach for a capsomere-based HPV vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:2975-82. [PMID: 25483463 PMCID: PMC5443053 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.970973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer, which is the second most severe cancer of women worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Although vaccines against HPV infection are commercially available, they are neither affordable nor accessible to women in low income countries e.g. Africa. Thus, alternative cost-effective vaccine production approaches need to be developed. This study uses tobacco plants to express pentameric capsomeres of HPV that have been reported to generate elevated immune responses against HPV. A modified HPV-16 L1 (L1_2xCysM) protein has been expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in tobacco chloroplasts following biolistic transformation. In total 7 transplastomic lines with healthy phenotypes were generated. Site specific integration of the GST-L1_2xCysM and aadA genes was confirmed by PCR. Southern blot analysis verified homogenous transformation of all transplastomic lines. Antigen capture ELISA with the conformation-specific antibody Ritti01, showed protein expression as well as the retention of immunogenic epitopes of L1 protein. In their morphology, GST-L1 expressing tobacco plants were identical to wild type plants and yielded fertile flowers. Taken together, these data enrich knowledge for future development of cost-effective plant-made vaccines against HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waqas Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Martin Müller
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research; Aas, Norway
| | | | - Andreas Günter Lössl
- Department of Crop Sciences; University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences; Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Hassan SW, Zaffar M, Shinwari ZK, Lössl AG. Stable expression of pentameric capsomeres, HPV-16 L1 with glutathione-S-transferase in transplastomic tobacco: a step towards affordable capsomere-based HPV vaccine. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
On October 15 2010 the meeting 'Recombinant Pharmaceutical Manufacturing from Plants - The Future of Molecular Farming' hosted by EuroScicon was held at BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden city, UK. The scientific program of this very eventful meeting was wide ranging and covered diverse aspects of biopharming. The highlights presented included: safety issues in biopharming; coexpression of multiple proteins; steps towards vaccine generation; and engineering of secondary metabolites and medicinal plants. This article summarizes the stimulating scientific presentations and fruitful panel discussions that subsequently arose during and after this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waqas Hassan
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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Shah MM, Hassan SW, Maqbool K, Shahzadi I, Pervez A. Comparisons of DNA marker-based genetic diversity with phenotypic estimates in maize grown in Pakistan. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:1936-45. [PMID: 20882490 DOI: 10.4238/vol8-3gmr964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We compared DNA-based genetic diversity estimates with conventional estimates by investigating agronomically important traits in maize grown in the northwestern region of Pakistan. RAPD markers were used to characterize 10 commonly cultivated maize genotypes. The same material was tested for phenotypic variation of quantitative traits using replicated field trials. The genetic distances between pairs of genotypes using RAPD data were used to generate a similarity matrix and to construct a phenogram. Statistical analyses were carried out on the data obtained from field trials of all maize genotypes for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height, grain yield, grain weight per cob, and ear length. Analysis of variance and single degree of freedom contrasts were performed on morphological data to examine the relationship between molecular-based clusters and agronomic traits. A molecular marker-based phenogram led to the grouping of all genotypes into four major clusters, some of which were distantly related. These clusters contained one to four genotypes. Analysis of variance showed significant variations among all genotypes for agronomic traits. The single degree of freedom contrasts between groups of genotypes indicated significant differences for most traits. Pair-wise comparisons between clusters were also significant. The two types of data correlated well, providing an opportunity for better choices for selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Shah
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South, Institute of Information Technology, University Road, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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Hassan SW, Ladan MJ, Dogondaji RA, Umar RA, Bilbis LS, Hassan LG, Ebbo AA, Matazu IK. Phytochemical and toxicological studies of aqueous leaves extracts of Erythrophleum africanum. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:3815-3821. [PMID: 19090235 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.3815.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Erythrophleum africanum is known in the arid land of tropical Africa to posses toxicological properties. Phytochemical, acute and sub-acute evaluation of the possible toxicity risk of E. africanum aqueous leaves extracts were investigated in this study. Phytochemical constituents detected in the leaves extracts were saponins (1.16% w/v), cardiac glycosides, tannins (0.17 true tannins and 0.23% w/v pseudotannins), flavonoid glycosides, free flavonoids and alkaloids (4.34% w/v). The Lethal Dose (LD50) of the aqueous leaves extracts was greater than 3000 mg kg(-1) per os (orally) in albino rats. Sub-acute administration of the extract for 28 days resulted in significant (p<0.05) changes in some renal and liver indices at 3000 and 2000-3000 mg kg(-1) body weight, respectively. Histopathological lesions of the kidney and liver in form of moderate and marked infiltration with necrosis and perivascular lymphocytic cuff were observed. The observed lesions could be due to roles played by liver and kidneys in metabolism of xenobiotics and their elimination from the body. These investigations thus seem to indicate the toxic effects of the aqueous leaves extracts of E. africanum at 2000-3000 mg kg(-1). These could be attributed to the combined toxicity of the phytochemical constituents such as tannins, saponins, glycosides and alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Metcalfe
- Advanced Technology Group, Washington University School of Medicine Library and Biomedical Communications Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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Jain NL, Murphy JF, Hassan SW, Cunnius EL, Metcalfe ES, Schnase JL, Schoening PA, Spooner SA, Frisse ME. Interactive electronic whiteboards in the medical classroom. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1994:54-8. [PMID: 7949986 PMCID: PMC2247856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Most research on computer-assisted instruction has concentrated on developing systems to be used outside the teaching environment to supplement or complement in-class teaching. We believe that interactive large-screen computers can be used effectively in the classroom as electronic whiteboards to more effectively teach select medical school courses. We describe our experience with one such device, the Xerox LiveBoard, to teach a course on computer-assisted clinical decision analysis to a group of first-year medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Frisse ME, Cousins SB, Hassan SW. Information retrieval using a "digital book shelf". Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1991:803-7. [PMID: 1807717 PMCID: PMC2247641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
WALT (Washington University's Approach to Lots of Text), is a prototype interface designed to support information retrieval research. The WALT interface serves as a "front end" to a wide array of retrieval engines including those based on Boolean retrieval, latent semantic indexing, term frequency--inverse document frequency, and Bayesian inference techniques. The WALT interface is composed of seven distinct components: a document examination component known as the Document Browsing Area; four navigation components called the Book Shelf, the Book Spine, the Table of Contents, and the Path Clipboard; a term-based information retrieval component called Control Panel; and a relevance feedback component known as the Reader Feedback Panel. WALT's most unique feature may be it's use of "book shelf" and "book spine" metaphors both to facilitate navigation and to provide a histogram-based display showing documents deemed appropriate for answering user queries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Frisse
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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