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Cozer AWD, Souza FCV, Santiago LD, Lima MR, Pimenta SJ, Fernandes BL, Enes BN, Gama RS, Gomides TAR. Effects of Iron-Fortified Foods on the Nutritional Status of Children Residing in Regions Vulnerable to Parasitic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:8-17. [PMID: 38576884 PMCID: PMC10987379 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections (PIs) remain a public health concern among school-age children living in areas of greater socioeconomic vulnerability, especially in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. PIs can promote nutritional deficiencies, increasing the risk of anemia and impaired physical and cognitive development. Thus, fortified foods have been considered as a promising strategy for improving the nutritional status of children and preventing PI complications. This systematic review aimed to present the effects of iron-fortified foods for deworming and improving blood parameters in schoolchildren residing in areas that are vulnerable to PIs. This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines of randomized clinical trials addressing the use of fortified foods and micronutrients in children living in areas endemic for PIs. The PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify articles published between 2000 and 2020. A total of 153 records were retrieved from the databases, 10 of which were considered eligible for this study. On the basis of our analysis, most of the selected studies showed that the inclusion of fortified foods in the diet improved blood and infectious parameters. Therefore, fortified foods can be used as an important tool for controlling the adverse outcomes of PIs among children living in areas of greater vulnerability. However, more studies on this topic are needed to provide more evidence and consolidate strategies using iron-fortified food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marlucy Rodrigues Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Julie Pimenta
- Department of Dentistry, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Leles Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Barbara Nery Enes
- Department of Nutrition, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Gama
- Department of Pharmacy, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares - MG 35020-220, Brazil
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2
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Longo PL, Ota-Tsuzuki C, Nunes ACR, Fernandes BL, Mintz K, Fives-Taylor P, Mayer MPA. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansarcB influences hydrophobic properties, biofilm formation and adhesion to hydroxyapatite. Braz J Microbiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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3
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Anéas MA, Portaro FC, Lebrun I, Juliano L, Palma MS, Fernandes BL. ZapA, a possible virulence factor from Proteus mirabilis exhibits broad protease substrate specificity. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:1397-403. [PMID: 11668347 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001001100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic bacterium Proteus mirabilis secretes a metalloprotease, ZapA, considered to be one of its virulence factors due to its IgA-degrading activity. However, the substrate specificity of this enzyme has not yet been fully characterized. In the present study we used fluorescent peptides derived from bioactive peptides and the oxidized beta-chain of insulin to determine the enzyme specificity. The bradykinin- and dynorphin-derived peptides were cleaved at the single bonds Phe-Ser and Phe-Leu, with catalytic efficiencies of 291 and 13 mM/s, respectively. Besides confirming already published cleavage sites, a novel cleavage site was determined for the beta-chain of insulin (Val-Asn). Both the natural and the recombinant enzyme displayed the same broad specificity, demonstrated by the presence of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, charged and uncharged amino acid residues at the scissile bonds. Native IgA, however, was resistant to hydrolysis by ZapA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Anéas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Reis CV, Portaro FC, Andrade SA, Fritzen M, Fernandes BL, Sampaio CA, Camargo AC, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. A prothrombin activator serine protease from the Lonomia obliqua caterpillar venom (Lopap) biochemical characterization. Thromb Res 2001; 102:427-36. [PMID: 11395128 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lonomia obliqua venom causes a severe consumptive coagulopathy, which can lead to a hemorrhagic syndrome. The crude bristles extract displays a procoagulant activity due to a Factor X and to a prothrombin activating activity. Here, we describe a 69 kDa prothrombin activator serine protease purified from L. obliqua caterpillar bristle extract using gel filtration (Sephadex G 75) and HPLC (C(4) column). The purified protein was able to activate prothrombin in a dose-dependent manner, and calcium ions increased this activity. The prothrombin-derived fluorogenic peptide (Abz-YQTFFNPRTGSQ-EDDnp) had its main cleavage site at the Arg-Thr bond. The kinetic parameters obtained for this substrate were Kmapp of 4.5 microM, kcat of 5.32 s(-1), and a kcat/Kmapp of 1.2 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The prothrombin fragments generated by the purified enzyme corresponded to the molecular masses of prethrombin 2, fragment 1, fragment 2, and thrombin as seen in SDS-PAGE. The thrombin generated was able to clot purified fibrinogen. The partial amino acid sequence of the purified protein, named Lopap (L. obliqua prothrombin activator protease), showed no similarity to any known prothrombin activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Reis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Center for Applied Toxinology, CEPID-FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Reis CV, Farsky SH, Fernandes BL, Santoro ML, Oliva ML, Mariano M, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. In vivo characterization of Lopap, a prothrombin activator serine protease from the Lonomia obliqua caterpillar venom. Thromb Res 2001; 102:437-43. [PMID: 11395129 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing occurrence of hemorrhagic syndrome in man, caused by contact with Lonomia obliqua caterpillars, has been reported in Southern Brazil in the past 10 years. The L. obliqua venom causes a severe consumptive coagulopathy, which can lead to hemorrhagic syndrome. L. obliqua prothrombin activator protease (Lopap) is a 69-kDa prothrombin activator serine protease isolated from L. obliqua caterpillar bristle extract, which is able to evoke thrombus formation, unclottable blood, and fibrinogen depletion when injected into the blood stream of rats. The purified protein generated thrombin from prothrombin, able to clot purified human fibrinogen and plasma. A decrease in platelet count and inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation were observed, as well as leukocyte infiltration in the lungs. In addition, we observed congestion and hemorrhage in renal glomeruli and necrosis in renal distal tubules. These data support the hypothesis that Lopap contributes to the clinical syndrome caused by human contact with L. obliqua, most probably through prothrombin activation, resulting in a consumption coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Reis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Center for Applied Toxinology, CEPID-FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Fernandes BL, Anéas MA, Juliano L, Palma MS, Lebrun I, Portaro FC. Development of an operational substrate for ZapA, a metalloprotease secreted by the bacterium Proteus mirabilis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2000; 33:765-70. [PMID: 10881051 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2000000700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The protease ZapA, secreted by Proteus mirabilis, has been considered to be a virulence factor of this opportunistic bacterium. The control of its expression requires the use of an appropriate methodology, which until now has not been developed. The present study focused on the replacement of azocasein with fluorogenic substrates, and on the definition of enzyme specificity. Eight fluorogenic substrates were tested, and the peptide Abz-Ala-Phe-Arg-Ser-Ala-Ala-Gln-EDDnp was found to be the most convenient for use as an operational substrate for ZapA. A single peptide bond (Arg-Ser) was cleaved with a Km of 4.6 microM, a k cat of 1.73 s-1, and a catalytic efficiency of 376 (mM s)-1. Another good substrate for ZapA was peptide 6 (Abz-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-Gln-EDDnp) which was cleaved at a single bond (Phe-Ser) with a Km of 13.6 microM, a k cat of 3.96 s-1 and a catalytic efficiency of 291 (mM s)-1. The properties of the amino acids flanking the scissile bonds were also evaluated, and no clear requirement for the amino acid residue at P1 was found, although the enzyme seems to have a preference for a hydrophobic residue at P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Fernandes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Hayashi MA, Portaro FC, Tambourgi DV, Sucupira M, Yamane T, Fernandes BL, Ferro ES, Rebouças NA, de Camargo AC. Molecular and immunochemical evidences demonstrate that endooligopeptidase A is the predominant cytosolic oligopeptidase of rabbit brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 269:7-13. [PMID: 10694468 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oligopeptidases are tissue endopeptidases that do not attack proteins and are likely to be involved in the maturation and degradation of peptide hormones and neuropeptides. The rabbit brain endooligopeptidase A and the rat testes soluble metallopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) are thiol-activated oligopeptidases which are able to generate enkephalin from a number of opioid peptides and to inactivate bradykinin and neurotensin by hydrolyzing the same peptide bonds. A monospecific antibody raised against the purified rabbit brain endooligopeptidase A allowed the identification of a 2. 3 kb cDNA coding for a truncated enzyme of 512 amino acids, displaying the same enzymatic features as endooligopeptidase A. In spite of all efforts, employing several strategies, the full-length cDNA could not be cloned until now. The analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed no similarity to the rat testes metalloendopeptidase sequence, except for the presence of the typical metalloprotease consensus sequence [HEXXH]. The antibody raised against recombinant endooligopeptidase A specifically inhibited its own activity and reduced the thiol-activated oligopeptidase activity of rabbit brain cytosol to less than 30%. Analysis of the endooligopeptidase A tissue distribution indicated that this enzyme is mainly expressed in the CNS, whereas the soluble metallo EC 3.4.24.15 is mainly expressed in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hayashi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Reis CV, Kelen EM, Farsky SH, Portaro FC, Sampaio CA, Fernandes BL, Camargo AC, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. A Ca++ activated serine protease (LOPAP) could be responsible for the haemorrhagic syndrome caused by the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua. L obliqua Prothrombin Activator Protease. Lancet 1999; 353:1942. [PMID: 10371584 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Portaro FC, Gomes MD, Cabrera A, Fernandes BL, Silva CL, Ferro ES, Juliano L, de Camargo AC. Thimet oligopeptidase and the stability of MHC class I epitopes in macrophage cytosol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 255:596-601. [PMID: 10049756 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the fate of a class of proteasome-generated oligopeptides, exposing them to the crude cytosol of macrophages or to the purified recombinant thimet oligopeptidase. Among the proteasome products of known sequences are MHC class I epitopes, 13 of which were randomly chosen to be used as putative substrates. Surprisingly, our results clearly showed that the majority of the peptides were poorly or not degraded, either by the purified enzyme or by the crude macrophage cytosol. The peptides, which were resistant to hydrolysis, displayed high affinity for the thimet oligopeptidase as competitive inhibitors. Regardless of the fact that our data do not allow prediction of whether or not a specific peptide would be degraded, it seems very likely that the structural features, which rule out the stability of the MHC class I peptides in the cytosol, may have implications in an optimized repertoire selection for antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Portaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Porfírio Z, Prado SM, Vancetto MD, Fratelli F, Alves EW, Raw I, Fernandes BL, Camargo AC, Lebrun I. Specific peptides of casein pancreatic digestion enhance the production of tetanus toxin. J Appl Microbiol 1997; 83:678-84. [PMID: 9449805 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Casein pancreatic digest is the basic bacterial growth medium used for diphtheria, botulinum and tetanus toxin vaccine production. It is known that the variation in the peptide content of the casein digest directly affects final toxin yields. In this study, the identification and sequences of eight peptides, four to eight amino acids in length, of casein pancreatic digestion, which seem to be involved in the enhancement of tetanus toxin production, are described. They all contain one or two residues of proline/molecule and a predominance of hydrophobic amino acid residues. The most active peptides show a general structure of Pro-aromatic-Pro, and this pattern resembled the motif displayed by bradykinin-potentiating peptides found in snake venoms. By analogy with the mechanism of bradykinin potentiation through inhibition of the proteolytic degradation of bradykinin, it is suggested that the six peptides identified here could protect the tetanus toxin from proteolysis, once secreted by the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Porfírio
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Murayama N, Hayashi MA, Ohi H, Ferreira LA, Hermann VV, Saito H, Fujita Y, Higuchi S, Fernandes BL, Yamane T, de Camargo AC. Cloning and sequence analysis of a Bothrops jararaca cDNA encoding a precursor of seven bradykinin-potentiating peptides and a C-type natriuretic peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:1189-93. [PMID: 9037028 PMCID: PMC19766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.4.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 1.8-kb cDNA clone was isolated from a Bothrops jararaca venom gland cDNA library that encodes a 256-aa precursor for bradykinin-potentiating peptides (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and a C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). The seven bradykinin-potentiating peptides are aligned tandemly after the hydrophobic signal peptide sequence, followed by a putative intervening sequence and a CNP at the C terminus. Northern blot analysis indicated the predominant expression of a 1.8-kb mRNA in the venom glands as well as in the spleen and the brain. Two lower intensity mRNA bands of 3.5 kb and 5.7 kb also hybridized to the cDNA clone. Radioimmunoassay for the CNP was performed using the antiserum against rat CNP. The presence of CNP immunoreactivity was detected in the low molecular weight fraction of the Bothrops jararaca venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Murayama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Hayashi MA, Gomes MD, Rebouças NA, Fernandes BL, Ferro ES, de Camargo AC. Species specificity of thimet oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15). Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 1996; 377:283-91. [PMID: 8828819 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1996.377.5.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant rat testes metallo-endooligopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) and the rabbit brain endooligopeptidase A (formerly EC 3.4.22.19) were compared, side-by-side, in view of their striking similarities in both the physicochemical features and the specificities for oligopeptides. Concerning the tissue distribution in rat and rabbit, no relation between the levels of enzyme activity in cytosol and the levels of metallo-endooligopeptidase 24.15 mRNA could be established. The results suggest that the predominant neuropeptide-metabolizing activity attributed to the metallo-endooligopeptidase 24.15 is performed by, at least, two distinct cytosolic enzymes, one predominant in rat testes and the other in rabbit brain and testes, and possibly also in rat brain. Both enzymes are activated by dithiothreitol and irreversibly inhibited by a SH-affinity labeling dynorphin-related compound, but they are not inhibited by EDTA in a concentration dependent manner. Both enzymes exhibit the same specificity toward several bioactive peptides, except for LH-RH and substance P, which are only hydrolysed by the rat testes enzyme. Taken together, these results lead us to conclude that it is unlikely that the recombinant rat testes metallo-endooligopeptidase 24.15 and the rabbit brain endooligopeptidase A are the same molecule although they might belong to the same family of oligopeptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hayashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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Camargo AC, Gomes MD, Toffoletto O, Ribeiro MJ, Ferro ES, Fernandes BL, Suzuki K, Sasaki Y, Juliano L. Structural requirements of bioactive peptides for interaction with endopeptidase 22.19. Neuropeptides 1994; 26:281-7. [PMID: 7913210 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4179(94)90083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of biologically active peptides and related compounds (opioid peptides, neurotensin, and bradykinin) were used as substrates or competitive inhibitors to study the structural requirements for peptide interaction with endopeptidase 22.19. The kinetics of hydrolysis of these peptides indicated that, in contrast to other proteases, the substrate specificity of endopeptidase 22.19 is not determined by the amino acids flanking the sensitive bonds of the substrates. The competition between bioactive peptide analogues and the quenched fluorescence substrate of endopeptidase 22.19 indicated that their length and their flexibility may be the dominant factors to explain their binding specificities. These peculiar features of endopeptidase 22.19 may be of importance to understand the physiological processes of conversion and inactivation of biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Camargo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Fernandes BL. [Myelomas without serum and urinary monoclonal immunoglobulins - review of pathogenic concepts]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1983; 4:275-7. [PMID: 6351548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Fernandes BL. [Some features regarding the Sézary cell]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1983; 4:179-81. [PMID: 6602458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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