1
|
Pan H, Hu T, He Y, Zhong G, Wu S, Jiang X, Rao G, You Y, Ruan Z, Tang Z, Hu L. Curcumin attenuates aflatoxin B1-induced ileum injury in ducks by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:255-268. [PMID: 38400893 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread toxic contamination in feed for animals. The primary active component of turmeric, curcumin (Cur), is an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. However, it is yet unknown how AFB1 affects the intestinal epithelial barrier and whether Cur acts as a protective mechanism when exposed to AFB1. Here, we explored the mechanism of AFB1-induced intestinal injury from intestinal epithelial barrier, inflammation, pyroptosis, and intestinal flora, and evaluated the protective role of Cur. We found that AFB1 caused weight loss and intestinal morphological damage that is mainly characterized by shortened intestinal villi, deepened crypts, and damaged intestinal epithelium. Exposure to AFB1 decreased the expression of Claudin-1, MUC2, ZO-1, and Occludin and increased the expression of pyroptosis-related factors (NLRP3, GSDMD, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) and inflammation-related factors (TLR4, NF-κB, IκB, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). Furthermore, ileal gut microbiota was altered, and simultaneously, the Lactobacillus abundance was decreased. The gut microbiota interacts with a wide range of physiologic functions and disease development in the host through its metabolites, and disturbances in gut microbial metabolism can cause functional impairment of the ileum. Meanwhile, Cur can ameliorate histological ileum injuries and intestinal flora disturbance caused by AFB1. We found that Cur reversed the effects of AFB1 through modulating both NLRP3 inflammasome and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, AFB1 can induce inflammatory damage and pyroptosis in duck ileum, while Cur has obviously protective effects on all the above damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai City, 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gan Rao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanli You
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai City, 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyan Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, No. 321, Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stojanović NM, Mladenović MZ, Maslovarić A, Stojiljković NI, Randjelović PJ, Radulović NS. Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) essential oil and citronellal modulate anxiety-related symptoms - In vitro and in vivo studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114788. [PMID: 34718102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Besides psyche-related symptoms, patients with anxiety disorders can have a large number of somatic symptoms as well. Although the treatment of these disorders is mainly focused on resolving their mental component, one cannot neglect the need for the treatment of accompanying somatic symptoms. Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm), in various formulations, has been extensively used as an ethnomedicinal remedy for the treatment of different psyche-related symptoms, and its use is considered relatively safe. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the activity of M. officinalis (MO) essential oil was evaluated in several in vitro and in vivo models mimicking or involving anxiety-related somatic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address the effect of MO essential oil on the gastrointestinal and heart-related symptoms accompanying anxiety disorders, in vitro models were utilized that follow the function of the isolated mouse ileum and atria tissues, respectively, after exposure to MO essential oil. Effects of MO essential oil on BALB/c mice motor activity was estimated using the open field, rota-rod, and horizontal wire tests. Additionally, the essential oil was assayed for its potential in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. RESULTS The performance of mice treated with 25 mg/kg of the oil showed a statistically significant decrease in the motor impairment arising from acute anxiety (open field test), while there was a prolonged latency and a reduction of the frequency of falling from a rotating rod and/or a horizontal wire (signs of muscle weakness/spasms). Concentrations of the essential oil higher than 1 μg/mL were found to inhibit both spontaneous and induced ileum contractions. Moreover, the essential oil and citronellal were found to decrease isolated mouse atria contraction frequency, as well as contraction force. However, the oil was found to be a very weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. CONCLUSION The modulation of anxiety-related symptoms by the oil was found not to be mediated through the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase, nonetheless, the mechanistic studies involving the ileum and cardiac tissues, revealed that the activity of MO and citronellal might be related to the modification of either voltage-gated Ca2+ channels or muscarinic receptors. Mice locomotion, balance, and muscle strength were not impacted by the essential oil; however, its main constituent, citronellal, was found to exert a certain degree of muscle function inhibition. All these results suggest that the activity of MO essential oil arises from synergistic and/or antagonistic interactions of its constituents, and is not completely dependent on the oil's main constituent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Z Mladenović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | - Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Najman K, Sadowska A, Buczak K, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M. Effect of Heat-Treated Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) on Growth Parameters, Plasma Lipid Profile and Histological Changes in the Ileum of Atherogenic Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020336. [PMID: 35057517 PMCID: PMC8779480 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with raw garlic has a preventive and healing effect in cardiovascular diseases, but it could also damage the intestinal mucosa, resulting in impairment of nutrient absorption. Garlic processing, including heat treatment, changes the content and biological activity of garlic, so it is crucial to find food-processing methods that will preserve the health-promoting properties of garlic while minimizing its negative impact on the digestive system. Therefore, in this study, the effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on growth parameters, plasma lipid profile, and morphological parameters in the ileum of Wistar rats subjected to various types of heat treatment (90 s blanching garlic, 10 min boiling in water, 10 min pan frying without fat, microwave heating fresh garlic, 90 s blanching and microwave heating garlic, 10 min boiling in water and microwave heating garlic, and 10 min pan frying without fat and microwave heating garlic) was determined in an atherogenic diet (containing 1% addition of cholesterol). In the conducted research, it was found that the diet supplemented with heat-treated garlic used in the atherogenic diet improved the consumption and growth parameters of rats, depending on the type and time of its use. The highest consumption was recorded in atherogenic groups supplemented with garlic subjected to a longer (10 min) heat treatment and was then heated in a microwave oven. Garlic subjected to the shortest heat treatment proved to be most effective, and a significant improvement in the lipid profiles of rats' plasma with atherogenic was observed. Extending the time of heat treatment of garlic and, additionally, its microwaving significantly weakened the action of garlic in the body, but still retained its hypolipidemic effect. The greatest influence on the structural changes in the mucosa of the rats' iliac intestine, manifested by degeneration of the mucosa, shortening the length of the intestinal villi, damage to the brush border, and thus impairment of the intestinal absorption, was exerted by supplementing the atherogenic diet with garlic subjected to short-term heat treatment. Among the processes used, blanching was the least favorable, and the long-lasting thermal processes (cooking, frying for 10 min) had a positive effect on the mucosa of the rats' intestines. The results obtained in this study confirm that the selection of an appropriate method of thermal processing of garlic may allow for the maintenance of preventive and therapeutic efficacy of garlic in cardiovascular diseases, while ensuring the safety of its long-term use in the context of degenerative changes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Najman
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-59-370-55
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Buczak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwadzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Leontowicz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Leontowicz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (H.L.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuwahara Y, Takahashi K, Akai M, Kato I, Kozakai T, Asano S, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Kuwahara A. Minimum biological domain of xenin-25 required to induce anion secretion in the rat ileum. Peptides 2022; 147:170680. [PMID: 34757144 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Xenin-25 has a variety of physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract, including ion transport and motility. Xenin-25 and neurotensin show sequence homology, especially near their C-terminal regions. The sequence similarity between xenin-25 and neurotensin indicates that the effects of xenin-25 is mediated by the neurotensin receptor but some biological actions of xenin-25 are independent. We have previously reported that xenin-25 modulates intestinal ion transport and colonic smooth muscle activity. However, minimal biological domain of xenin-25 to induce ion transport was not clear. To improve the mechanistic understanding of xenin-25 and to gain additional insights into the functions of xenin-25, the present study was designed to determine the minimal biological domain of xenin-25 required for ion transport in the rat ileum using various truncated xenin fragments and analogues in an Ussing chamber system. The present results demonstrate that the minimum biological domain of xenin-25 to induce Cl-/HCO3- secretion in the ileum contains the C-terminal pentapeptide. Furthermore, Arg at position 21 is important to retain the biological activity of xenin-25 and induces Cl-/HCO3- secretion in the rat ileum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kuwahara
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Miho Akai
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Takaharu Kozakai
- Faculty of Education, Art, and Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Shinji Asano
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan; Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, 570-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan; Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Atsukazu Kuwahara
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmed Abd Rabou M, Alhumaidi Alotaibi M. Toxicity of Somadril Compound on Fetal Ileum Tissues of Albino Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:72-79. [PMID: 33683033 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.72.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Carisoprodol is a relaxant muscular-skeleton associated with sore muscles and appropriate studies have not been performed on carisoprodol effects on fetuses and mothers. This study has been conducted to clarify the treatment with a high and low dosage of carisoprodol (Somadril) on the histopathological, histochemical changes in the fetal ileum of the Albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present research 30 adult pregnant rats have been used and divided into three classes (10 pregnant rats in each group), the first group was the group of Control (C). The 2nd and 3rd groups (S1 and S2) were treated with carisoprodol oral doses equating to 10.8 and 21.6 mg/100 g b.wt. per day, respectively. For 15 days from day 6-20 of pregnancy, groups S1 and S2 are administered. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the pregnant rats were sacrificed and small parts of fetal ileum for histopathological and histochemical studies. RESULTS Diverse histopathological and histochemical alternations were detected in the fetal ileum tissue of the two groups S1 and S2 after maternal treatment with high and low doses of carisoprodol compared to the control set. CONCLUSION This study showed that several histopathological and histochemical deformities in the fetal ileum tissues were caused by the administration of carisoprodol.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jia L, Ma Y, Haywood J, Jiang L, Xue B, Shi H, Dawson PA, Yu L. NPC1L1 Deficiency Suppresses Ileal Fibroblast Growth Factor 15 Expression and Increases Bile Acid Pool Size in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3468. [PMID: 34943976 PMCID: PMC8700447 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) mediates intestinal uptake of dietary and biliary cholesterol and is the target of ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor used to treat hypercholesterolemia. Genetic deletion of NPC1L1 or ezetimibe treatment protects mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this therapeutic benefit remain unknown. A major metabolic fate of cholesterol is its conversion to bile acids. We found that NPC1L1 knockout (L1-KO) mice fed an HFD had increased energy expenditure, bile acid pool size, and fecal bile acid excretion rates. The elevated bile acid pool in the HFD-fed L1-KO mice was enriched with tauro-β-muricholic acid. These changes in the L1-KO mice were associated with reduced ileal mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) and increased hepatic mRNA expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7A1) and mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase (Cyp27A1). In addition, mRNA expression of the membrane bile acid receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2) were elevated in brown adipose tissue of L1-KO mice, which is known to promote energy expenditure. Thus, altered bile acid homeostasis and signaling may play a role in protecting L1-KO mice against HFD-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.J.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (P.A.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W, Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Yinyan Ma
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.J.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (P.A.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jamie Haywood
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.J.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (P.A.D.)
| | - Long Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
- Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Paul A. Dawson
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.J.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (P.A.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.J.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (P.A.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lim J, Ferruzzi MG, Hamaker BR. Dietary starch is weight reducing when distally digested in the small intestine. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118599. [PMID: 34560999 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, carbohydrate-based foods have a negative consumer connotation and low carb diets have become a popular way to lose weight. Here, we show how digestible starch and flavonoids can be used as a dietary approach to manage food intake and weight gain through elevation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion for gut-brain axis communication. This was achieved by extending the digestion of cooked starch to the distal small intestine using luteolin or quercetin as α-amylase-specific inhibitors with competitive inhibition mechanism. In a mouse model, extended and complete digestion produced a signature blunted glycemic profile that induced elevation of GLP-1 and positive regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides with significantly reduced food intake and weight gain (p < 0.05). These findings represent a shift in paradigm of dietary carbohydrates from weight increasing to reducing, and have implications for industry and public health related to the design of carbohydrate-based foods/ingredients for managing obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongbin Lim
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Silva Ferreira AR, van der Aa SAJ, Wehkamp T, Wardill HR, Ten Klooster JP, Garssen J, Harthoorn LF, Hartog A, Harmsen HJM, Tissing WJE, van Bergenhenegouwen J. Development of a self-limiting model of methotrexate-induced mucositis reinforces butyrate as a potential therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22911. [PMID: 34824316 PMCID: PMC8617074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis is a complication of anticancer treatment, with few validated in vitro systems suitable to study the complex mechanisms of mucosal injury. Therefore, we aimed to develop and characterize a chemotherapeutic-induced model of mucositis using 3D intestinal organoids. Organoids derived from mouse ileum were grown for 7 days and incubated with different concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX). Metabolic activity, citrulline levels and cytokine/chemokine production were measured to determine the optimal dosage and incubation time. The protective effects of folinic acid on the toxicity of MTX were investigated by pre-treating organoids with (0.0005-50 µg/mL) folinic acid. The impact of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids was evaluated by supplementation with butyrate in the organoid model. MTX caused a dose-dependent reduction in cell metabolic activity and citrulline production that was salvaged by folinic acid treatment. Overall, MTX causes significant organoid damage, which can be reversed upon removal of MTX. The protective effect of folinic acid suggest that the organoids respond in a clinical relevant manner. By using the model for intervention, it was found that prophylactic treatment with butyrate might be a valuable strategy for prophylactic mucositis prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R da Silva Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EB80, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S A J van der Aa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Wehkamp
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H R Wardill
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J P Ten Klooster
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L F Harthoorn
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Hartog
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EB80, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - W J E Tissing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J van Bergenhenegouwen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cerantola S, Faggin S, Annaloro G, Mainente F, Filippini R, Savarino EV, Piovan A, Zoccatelli G, Giron MC. Influence of Tilia tomentosa Moench Extract on Mouse Small Intestine Neuromuscular Contractility. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103505. [PMID: 34684506 PMCID: PMC8541069 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by abdominal pain, bloating and bowel disturbances. FGID therapy is primarily symptomatic, including treatment with herbal remedies. Flower extract of Tilia tomentosa Moench (TtM) is occasionally used as an anti-spasmodic in popular medicine. Since its effect on intestinal response is unknown, we evaluated the influence of TtM extract on small intestine contractility. Ileal preparations from C57BL/6J mice were mounted in organ baths to assess changes in muscle tension, following addition of TtM extract (0.5–36 μg/mL) or a vehicle (ethanol). Changes in contractile response to receptor- and non-receptor-mediated stimuli were assessed in ileal preparations pretreated with 12 μg/mL TtM. Alterations in the enteric nervous system neuroglial network were analyzed by confocal immunofluorescence. Increasing addition of TtM induced a marked relaxation in ileal specimens compared to the vehicle. Pretreatment with TtM affected cholinergic and tachykininergic neuromuscular contractions as well as K+-induced smooth muscle depolarization. Following incubation with TtM, a significant reduction in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic-mediated relaxation sensitive to Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (pan-nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) was found. In vitro incubation of intestinal specimens with TtM did not affect the myenteric plexus neuroglial network. Our findings show that TtM-induced intestinal relaxation is mediated by nitric oxide pathways, providing a pharmacological basis for the use of TtM in FGIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Sofia Faggin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Gabriela Annaloro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Federica Mainente
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Raffaella Filippini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Anna Piovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-5091
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miyata M, Tanaka T, Takahashi K, Funaki A, Sugiura Y. Cholesterol-lowering effects of taurine through the reduction of ileal FXR signaling due to the alteration of ileal bile acid composition. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1523-1532. [PMID: 34596761 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies using animal models of hypercholesterolemia have established that taurine reduces cholesterol levels; however, the precise mechanism underlying this cholesterol-lowering effect is unclear. This study addressed this issue by investigating whether bile acid/farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling is involved in taurine-mediated cholesterol-lowering effect. Fxr-null and wild-type mice were administered 2% (w/v) taurine in their drinking water and fed a control diet or control diet supplemented with 1% (w/w) cholesterol (cholesterol diet) for 10 days. Taurine intake did not significantly alter hepatic and serum total cholesterol (TC) levels and bile acid compositions of the liver and intestinal lumen in Fxr-null and wild-type mice fed the control diet. By changing to a cholesterol diet, taurine intake significantly decreased hepatic and serum cholesterol levels in wild-type mice. In contrast, it significantly decreased hepatic, not serum, cholesterol levels in Fxr-null mice. Taurine intake significantly altered the bile acid composition of the intestinal lumen in wild-type mice fed a cholesterol diet, but not in Fxr-null mice. An increase in FXR antagonistic bile acids was detected in the intestinal lumen of taurine-treated wild-type mice fed a cholesterol diet. Taurine intake reduced the ileal expression of FXR target genes fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) and small heterodimer partner (Shp). In contrast, it enhanced the hepatic expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) in wild-type mice fed a cholesterol diet, but not in Fxr-null mice. These results suggest that taurine is partially involved in cholesterol lowering by reducing the ileal FXR signaling due to the alteration of ileal bile acid composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Miyata
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, 2-7-1, Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, 759-6595, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, 2-7-1, Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Kazuho Takahashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, 2-7-1, Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Akihiro Funaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, 2-7-1, Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, 759-6595, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sugiura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, 2-7-1, Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, 759-6595, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duangjai A, Rukachaisirikul V, Sukpondma Y, Srimaroeng C, Muanprasat C. Antispasmodic Effect of Asperidine B, a Pyrrolidine Derivative, through Inhibition of L-Type Ca 2+ Channel in Rat Ileal Smooth Muscle. Molecules 2021; 26:5492. [PMID: 34576962 PMCID: PMC8470553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antispasmodic agents are used for modulating gastrointestinal motility. Several compounds isolated from terrestrial plants have antispasmodic properties. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of the pyrrolidine derivative, asperidine B, isolated from the soil-derived fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG178, on spasmodic activity. Isolated rat ileum was set up in an organ bath. The contractile responses of asperidine B (0.3 to 30 µM) on potassium chloride and acetylcholine-induced contractions were recorded. To investigate its antispasmodic mechanism, CaCl2, acetylcholine, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), nifedipine, methylene blue and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) were tested in the absence or in the presence of asperidine B. Cumulative concentrations of asperidine B reduced the ileal contraction by ~37%. The calcium chloride and acetylcholine-induced ileal contraction was suppressed by asperidine B. The effects of asperidine B combined with nifedipine, atropine or TEA were similar to those treated with nifedipine, atropine or TEA, respectively. In contrast, in the presence of l-NAME and methylene blue, the antispasmodic effect of asperidine B was unaltered. These results suggest that the antispasmodic property of asperidine B is probably due to the blockage of the L-type Ca2+ channel and is associated with K+ channels and muscarinic receptor, possibly by affecting non-selective cation channels and/or releasing intracellular calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Duangjai
- Unit of Excellence in Research and Product Development of Coffee, Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mueang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mueang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (V.R.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yaowapa Sukpondma
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (V.R.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chutima Srimaroeng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangphli, Samutprakarn 10540, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Younes M, DuPont AW, Cash BD, Ertan A. Alterations in MAdCAM1-Positive Mucosal Capillaries and Integrin a4b7-Positive Lymphocytes in Crohn's Disease Treated with Anti-TNFα Biologics. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2021; 51:678-685. [PMID: 34686510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the reasons for the decreased effectiveness of Vedolizumab (VDZ) treatment in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) previously treated (CD-T) with anti-TNF-α biologics. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed on sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ileocolonic biopsies using antibodies for the mucosal addressin molecule (MAdCAM-1) and Etrolizumab. RESULTS The mean number of MAdCAM-1 positive capillaries (MAdCAM-1-C) was 3 in controls, 8.5 in CD, 5.37 in CD-T, 5.7 in ulcerative colitis (UC), and 3.1 in lymphocytic colitis (LC) (p=0.0032). When all biopsies with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in this series were considered together, the number of MAdCAM-1-C increased with an increased histologic activity score (HAS) (p<0.001). The mean MAd-CAM-1-C was lower in CD-T than CD (5.37 vs. 8.5, p=0.0362), even in cases with high HAS (6.46 vs. 9.5, p=0.073). Two of 6 (33%) controls, 4 of 6 (67%) CD, 9 of 16 (56%) CD-T, 6 of 7 (86%) UC, and 0 of 8 (0%) LC showed Etrolizumab-positive lymphocytes (E-Ly, p=0.0106). IBD biopsies positive for E-Ly were associated with higher HAS (p=0.0546). MAdCAM-1-C was heterogenous in some IBD cases. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that treatment with anti-TNF-α reduces the number of MAdCAM-1-C in CD, even in biopsies with high HAS. This suggests that high inflammation in such cases obviously failed to respond to anti-TNF-α, may be less dependent on the migration of a4b7-lymphocytes to the inflamed mucosa, and therefore may not optimally respond to VDZ treatment.Presented in part at the Digestive Diseases Week meeting, San Diego, CA, May 2019. Supported by Takeda Pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoun Younes
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew W DuPont
- Department of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the Ertan Digestive Diseases Center of Excellence, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, and Memorial-Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brooks D Cash
- Department of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the Ertan Digestive Diseases Center of Excellence, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, and Memorial-Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Atilla Ertan
- Department of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the Ertan Digestive Diseases Center of Excellence, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, and Memorial-Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Giorgetti M, Klymiuk N, Bähr A, Hemmerling M, Jinton L, Tarran R, Malmgren A, Åstrand A, Hansson GC, Ermund A. New generation ENaC inhibitors detach cystic fibrosis airway mucus bundles via sodium/hydrogen exchanger inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174123. [PMID: 33974881 PMCID: PMC8477379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive inherited disease caused by mutations affecting anion transport by the epithelial ion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The disease is characterized by mucus accumulation in the airways and intestine, but the major cause of mortality in CF is airway mucus accumulation, leading to bacterial colonization, inflammation and respiratory failure. Several drug targets are under evaluation to alleviate airway mucus obstruction in CF and one of these targets is the epithelial sodium channel ENaC. To explore effects of ENaC inhibitors on mucus properties, we used two model systems to investigate mucus characteristics, mucus attachment in mouse ileum and mucus bundle transport in piglet airways. We quantified mucus attachment in explants from CFTR null (CF) mice and tracheobronchial explants from newborn CFTR null (CF) piglets to evaluate effects of ENaC or sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE) inhibitors on mucus attachment. ENaC inhibitors detached mucus in the CF mouse ileum, although the ileum lacks ENaC expression. This effect was mimicked by two NHE inhibitors. Airway mucus bundles were immobile in untreated newborn CF piglets but were detached by the therapeutic drug candidate AZD5634 (patent WO, 2015140527). These results suggest that the ENaC inhibitor AZD5634 causes detachment of CF mucus in the ileum and airway via NHE inhibition and that drug design should focus on NHE instead of ENaC inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melania Giorgetti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Hemmerling
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lisa Jinton
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.
| | - Anna Malmgren
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Annika Åstrand
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Ermund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang W, He-Yang J, Zhuang W, Liu J, Zhou X. Causative role of mast cell and mast cell-regulatory function of disialyllacto-N-tetraose in necrotizing enterocolitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107597. [PMID: 33812262 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a fatal gastrointestinal disorder in neonates. Disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT), a function-unclear human milk-derived hexasaccharide, shows anti-NEC potential in previous animal studies. This study is aimed to explore the role of mast cell (MC), a fundamental cell type of mucosal immune system and protective DSLNT in regulating pathological process of NEC. For this purpose, infantile intestinal-tissues were collected from NEC neonates for examination of MCs and its proteases-positive cells. MC accumulation and MC-specific proteases (chymase, tryptase and dipeptidyl peptidase I) were firstly found in lesioned area of NEC infants in-vivo. Subsequent in-situ experiments on neonatal ileum segments showed that purified MC-chymase induced a destructive epithelial layer shedding from basement and microvascular endothelium damage in infantile intestinal segments. Human foreskin MC-activation model was established and DSLNT were applied; MC products (histamine and MC-proteases) were used as MC activation/degranulation indicators. In this in-vitro model, DSLNT pretreatment suppressed release of histamine, chymase and tryptase by MC to the tissue supernatants during lipopolysaccharide or complement C5a stimulation. Newborn rats were formula-hand-fed with or without DSLNT supplement and exposed to hypoxia/cold-stress to induce experimental-NEC-model. In NEC rats, DSLNT supplementation reduced the incidence and pathological scores of NEC, inhibited local accumulation of MC and reduced cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) levels in the ileum of rats. In conclusion, MC was causally implicated in epithelium barrier failure in pathogenesis of NEC. DSLNT favorably modulated MC homeostasis by regulating MC degranulation/accumulation, contributing to attenuated NEC. This indicated novel pathomechanisms and potential targets of NEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China; Affiliated Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Jingqiu He-Yang
- School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Wenjun Zhuang
- Affiliated Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang H, Ma D, Zhu X, Liu P, Li S, Yu B, Yang H. Nimodipine inhibits intestinal and aortic smooth muscle contraction by regulating Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 421:115543. [PMID: 33872679 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nimodipine is a clinically used dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel antagonist that effectively inhibits transmembrane Ca2+ influx following the depolarization of smooth muscle cells, but the detailed effect on smooth muscle contraction is not fully understood. Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may regulate vascular contractility. We found that nimodipine can inhibit transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) activity in a concentration-dependent manner by cell-based fluorescence-quenching assay and short-circuit current analysis, with an IC50 value of ~5 μM. Short-circuit current analysis also showed that nimodipine prevented Ca2+-activated Cl- current in both HT-29 cells and mouse colonic epithelia accompanied by significantly decreased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, nimodipine still exhibited an inhibitory effect on TMEM16A/CaCCs. Additionally, the application of nimodipine to CFTR-expressing FRT cells and mouse colonic mucosa resulted in mild activation of CFTR-mediated Cl- currents. Nimodipine inhibited basolateral CCh-activated K+ channel activity with no effect on Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Evaluation of intestinal smooth muscle contraction showed that nimodipine inhibits intestinal smooth muscle contractility and frequency, with an activity pattern that was similar to that of non-specific inhibitors of CaCCs. In aortic smooth muscle, the expression of TMEM16A in thoracic aorta is higher than that in abdominal aorta, corresponding to stronger maximum contractility in thoracic aorta smooth muscle stimulated by phenylephrine (PE) and Eact. Nimodipine completely inhibited the contraction of aortic smooth muscle stimulated by Eact, and partially inhibited the contraction stimulated by PE. In summary, the results indicate that nimodipine effectively inhibits TMEM16A/CaCCs by reduction transmembrane Ca2+ influx and directly interacting with TMEM16A, explaining the mechanisms of nimodipine relaxation of intestinal and aortic smooth muscle contraction and providing new targets for pharmacological applications.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anoctamin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Anoctamin-1/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/toxicity
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nimodipine/toxicity
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China; Laboratory medical college, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Di Ma
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Panyue Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Liu S, Tang Y, Pu Z, Xiao H, Gao J, Yin Q, Jia Y, Bai Q. Intragastric Administration of Casein Leads to Nigrostriatal Disease Progressed Accompanied with Persistent Nigrostriatal-Intestinal Inflammation Activited and Intestinal Microbiota-Metabolic Disorders Induced in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1514-1539. [PMID: 33719004 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbial dysbiosis and alteration of gut microbiota composition in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been increasingly reported, no recognized therapies are available to halt or slow progression of PD and more evidence is still needed to illustrate its causative impact on gut microbiota and PD and mechanisms for targeted mitigation. Epidemiological evidence supported an association between milk intake and a higher incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), questions have been raised about prospective associations between dietary factors and the incidence of PD. Here, we investigated the significance of casein in the development of PD. The mice were given casein (6.75 g/kg i.g.) for 21 days after MPTP (25 mg/kg i.p. × 5 days) treatment, the motor function, dopaminergic neurons, inflammation, gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were observed. The experimental results revealed that the mice with casein gavage after MPTP treatment showed a persisted dyskinesia, the content of dopamine in striatum and the expression of TH in midbrain and ileum were decreased, the expression of Iba-1, CD4, IL-22 in midbrain and ileum increased continuously with persisted intestinal histopathology and intestinal barrier injury. Decreased intestinal bile secretion in addition with abnormal digestion and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipids and proteins were found, whereas these pathological status for the MPTP mice without casein intake had recovered after 24 days, no significant differences were observed with regard to only treated with casein. Our study demonstrates that intestinal pathologic injury, intestinal dysbacteriosis and metabolism changes promoted by casein in MPTP mice ultimately exacerbated the lesions to dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuya Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Chongqing Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400039, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjia Pu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jieying Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jia
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
van der Schoor LWE, Verkade HJ, Bertolini A, de Wit S, Mennillo E, Rettenmeier E, Weber AA, Havinga R, Valášková P, Jašprová J, Struik D, Bloks VW, Chen S, Schreuder AB, Vítek L, Tukey RH, Jonker JW. Potential of therapeutic bile acids in the treatment of neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11107. [PMID: 34045606 PMCID: PMC8160219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice is associated with kernicterus, resulting in permanent neurological damage or even death. Conventional phototherapy does not prevent hyperbilirubinemia or eliminate the need for exchange transfusion. Here we investigated the potential of therapeutic bile acids ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA, 6-α-ethyl-CDCA), a farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) agonist, as preventive treatment options for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia using the hUGT1*1 humanized mice and Ugt1a-deficient Gunn rats. Treatment of hUGT1*1 mice with UDCA or OCA at postnatal days 10-14 effectively decreased bilirubin in plasma (by 82% and 62%) and brain (by 72% and 69%), respectively. Mechanistically, our findings indicate that these effects are mediated through induction of protein levels of hUGT1A1 in the intestine, but not in liver. We further demonstrate that in Ugt1a-deficient Gunn rats, UDCA but not OCA significantly decreases plasma bilirubin, indicating that at least some of the hypobilirubinemic effects of UDCA are independent of UGT1A1. Finally, using the synthetic, non-bile acid, FXR-agonist GW4064, we show that some of these effects are mediated through direct or indirect activation of FXR. Together, our study shows that therapeutic bile acids UDCA and OCA effectively reduce both plasma and brain bilirubin, highlighting their potential in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lori W E van der Schoor
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Bertolini
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Wit
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eva Rettenmeier
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - André A Weber
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rick Havinga
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Valášková
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jašprová
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dicky Struik
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andrea B Schreuder
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Libor Vítek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang F, Liu J, Hu X, Zhong Y, Wen F, Tang X, Yang S, Zhong S, Zhou Z, Yuan X, Li Y. The influence on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors and intestinal injury-related molecules in Wahui pigeon induced by lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251462. [PMID: 33979394 PMCID: PMC8115843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intestinal structure is the foundation for various activities and functions in poultry. An important question concerns the changes in the intestinal status under endotoxin stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Wahui pigeons. Methods Thirty-six 28-day-old healthy Wahui pigeons were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day for five days, and the control group was treated with the same amount of sterile saline. Blood and the ileum were collected from pigeons on the first, third, and fifth days of the experiment and used for oxidative stress assessment, inflammatory factor detection, histopathological examination, and positive cell localization. In addition, intestinal injury indices and mRNA expression levels (tight junction proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and factors related to autophagy and apoptosis) were evaluated. Results Villi in the ileum were shorter in the LPS group than in the control group, and D-lactic acid levels in the serum were significantly increased. Glutathione and catalase levels significantly decreased, but the malondialdehyde content in the serum increased. TNF-α and IL-10 were detected at higher levels in the serum, with stronger positive signals and higher mRNA expression levels, in the LPS group than in the control group. In addition, the levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and HMGB1 in the inflammatory signaling pathway were also upregulated. Finally, the mRNA expression of Claudin3, Occludin, and ZO-1 was significantly decreased; however, that of Beclin1 and Atg5 was increased in the LPS group. Conclusion Ileal pathological changes and oxidative stress were caused by LPS challenge; it is proposed that this triggering regulates the inflammatory response, causing excessive autophagy and apoptosis, promoting intestinal permeability, and leading to intestinal injury in Wahui pigeons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofen Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youbao Zhong
- Technology Center of Experimental Animals, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoen Tang
- Fuzhou Husbandry Breeding Farm, Linchuan, 344000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengwei Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zuohong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Karunaratne ND, Newkirk RW, Ames NP, Van Kessel AG, Bedford MR, Classen HL. Effects of exogenous β-glucanase on ileal digesta soluble β-glucan molecular weight, digestive tract characteristics, and performance of coccidiosis vaccinated broiler chickens fed hulless barley-based diets with and without medication. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236231. [PMID: 33939708 PMCID: PMC8092798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited use of medication in poultry feed led to the investigation of exogenous enzymes as antibiotic alternatives for controlling enteric disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet β-glucanase (BGase) and medication on β-glucan depolymerization, digestive tract characteristics, and growth performance of broilers. Materials and methods Broilers were fed hulless barley (HB) based diets with BGase (Econase GT 200P from AB Vista; 0 and 0.1%) and medication (Bacitracin and Salinomycin Na; with and without) arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial. In Experiment 1, 160 broilers were housed in cages from d 0 to 28. Each treatment was assigned to 10 cages. In Experiment 2, broilers (2376) were housed in floor pens and vaccinated for coccidiosis on d 5. Each treatment was assigned to one floor pen in each of nine rooms. Results In Experiment 1, the soluble β-glucan weighted average molecular weight (Mw) in the ileal digesta was lower with medication in the 0% BGase treatments. Peak molecular weight (Mp) and Mw were lower with BGase regardless of medication. The maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10% β-glucan (MW-10%) was lower with BGase addition. In Experiment 2, Mp was lower with medication in 0% BGase treatments. Beta-glucanase resulted in lower Mp regardless of medication, and the degree of response was lower with medication. The MW-10% was lower with BGase despite antibiotic addition. Body weight gain and feed efficiency were higher with medication regardless of BGase use through-out the trial (except d 11–22 feed efficiency). Beta-glucanase resulted in higher body weight gain after d 11 and worsened and improved feed efficiency before and after d 11, respectively, in unmedicated treatments. Conclusion BGase and medication caused the depolymerization of soluble ileal β-glucan. Beta-glucanase acted as a partial replacement for diet medication by increasing growth performance in coccidiosis vaccinated broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namalika D. Karunaratne
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rex W. Newkirk
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Nancy P. Ames
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Henry L. Classen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wojtacha P, Trybowski W, Podlasz P, Żmigrodzka M, Tyburski J, Polak-Śliwińska M, Jakimiuk E, Bakuła T, Baranowski M, Żuk-Gołaszewska K, Zielonka Ł, Obremski K. Effects of a Low Dose of T-2 Toxin on the Percentage of T and B Lymphocytes and Cytokine Secretion in the Porcine Ileal Wall. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040277. [PMID: 33924586 PMCID: PMC8070124 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant materials used in the production of pig feed are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins. T-2 toxin is a secondary metabolite of selected Fusarium species, and it can exert a harmful influence on living organisms. Most mycotoxins enter the body via the gastrointestinal tract, and they can modulate the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) function. However, little is known about the influence of low T-2 toxin doses on GALT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of T-2 toxin administered at 50% of the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) on the percentage of CD2+ T cells, CD4+ T helper cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells, TCRγδ+ cells, CD5+CD8- B1 cells, and CD21+ B2 cells, and the secretion of proinflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12/23p40, IL-17A), anti-inflammatory, and regulatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines in the porcine ileal wall. The results of the study revealed that T-2 toxin disrupts the development of tolerance to food antigens by enhancing the secretion of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines and decreasing the production of anti-inflammatory TGF-β. T-2 toxin triggered the cellular response, which was manifested by an increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and a decrease in the percentage of B2 and Tγδ lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Wojtacha
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | | | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (K.O.)
| | - Magdalena Żmigrodzka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Józef Tyburski
- Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Polak-Śliwińska
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Jakimiuk
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Tadeusz Bakuła
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Mirosław Baranowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
- Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusines, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Kazimierz Obremski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.J.); (T.B.); (M.B.); (Ł.Z.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (K.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao Y, Davis B, Zhu W, Zheng N, Meng D, Walker WA. Short-chain fatty acid butyrate, a breast milk metabolite, enhances immature intestinal barrier function genes in response to inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G521-G530. [PMID: 33085904 PMCID: PMC8238162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00279.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Infants born under 1,500 g have an increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in the ileum and the colon, which is a life-threatening intestinal necrosis. This is in part due to excessive inflammation in the immature intestine to colonizing bacteria because of an immature innate immune response. Breastmilk complex carbohydrates create metabolites of colonizing bacteria in the form of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We studied the effect of breastmilk metabolites, SCFAs, on immature intestine with regard to anti-inflammatory effects. This showed that acetate, propionate, and butyrate were all anti-inflammatory to an IL-1β inflammatory stimulus. In this study, to further define the mechanism of anti-inflammation, we created transcription profiles of RNA from immature human enterocytes after exposure to butyrate with and without an IL-1β inflammatory stimulus. We demonstrated that butyrate stimulates an increase in tight-junction and mucus genes and if we inhibit these genes, the anti-inflammatory effect is partially lost. SCFAs, products of microbial metabolism of complex carbohydrates of breastmilk oligosaccharides, have been found with this study to induce an anti-IL-1β response that is associated with an upregulation of tight junctions and mucus genes in epithelial cells (H4 cells). These studies suggest that breastmilk in conjunction with probiotics can reduce excessive inflammation with metabolites that are anti-inflammatory and stimulate an increase in the mucosal barrier.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study extends previous observations to define the anti-inflammatory properties of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the metabolism of breastmilk oligosaccharides by colonizing bacteria. Using transcription profiling of immature enterocyte genes, after exposure to butyrate and an IL-1β stimulus, we showed that tight-junction genes and mucus genes were increased, which contributed to the anti-inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Brittany Davis
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weishu Zhu
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Di Meng
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - W Allan Walker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dersjant-Li Y, Davin R, Christensen T, Kwakernaak C. Effect of two phytases at two doses on performance and phytate degradation in broilers during 1-21 days of age. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247420. [PMID: 33765064 PMCID: PMC7993876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of two microbial phytases at two dose-levels on performance and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients in broilers fed European-type diets was studied. A total of 1,200 d-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 30 birds/pen and 8 pens/treatment. A nutritionally adequate positive control (PC) diet was tested against 4 experimental diets containing reduced total P, retainable P, Ca and Na as per the recommended nutritional contribution for Buttiauxella phytase (Phy B) at 1,000 FTU/kg (-1.87 g/kg, -1.59 g/kg, -1.99 g/kg and -0.4 g/kg vs. PC, respectively). Experimental diets were supplemented with Phy B at 500 FTU/kg or 1,000 FTU/kg, or Citrobacter phytase (Phy C) at 1,000 FTU/kg or 2,000 FTU/kg. Diets were based on corn, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and sunflower meal and formulated by phase (starter 1–10 d, grower 11–21 d) in crumbled or pelleted form. Overall (d 1–21), at 1,000 FTU/kg, birds fed Phy C exhibited lower BWG (-2.7%), FI (-3.4%) and tibia ash (-2.2%) vs. PC (P < 0.05), and reduced BWG (-3.6%), FI (-3.9%) and tibia ash (-1.8%) vs. Phy B (P < 0.05). Phy B at 1,000 FTU/kg and Phy C at 2,000 FTU/kg maintained performance equivalent to the PC. Digestibility of Ca did not differ among phytase treatments but at 1,000 FTU/kg AID P was greater with Phy B than Phy C (72.3% vs. 62.7%, P < 0.05). Ileal phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6) digestibility was greatest with Phy B at 1,000 FTU/kg which was higher than Phy C at 1,000 FTU/kg (87.6 vs. 60.6%, P < 0.05). The findings indicate a higher phytate degradation rate of Phy B than Phy C at equivalent dose-level and this is correlated to the performance of the broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Davin
- Schothorst Feed Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rahman MM, Afroz S, Arthur S, Sundaram U. Mast Cell Mediated Regulation of Small Intestinal Chloride Malabsorption in SAMP1/YitFc Mouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Ileitis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030697. [PMID: 33801010 PMCID: PMC8004028 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), malabsorption of electrolytes (NaCl) results in diarrhea. Inhibition of coupled NaCl absorption, mediated by the dual operation of Na:H and Cl:HCO3 exchangers on the brush border membrane (BBM) of the intestinal villus cells has been reported in IBD. In the SAMP1/YitFcs (SAMP1) mice model of spontaneous ileitis, representing Crohn’s disease, DRA (Downregulated in Adenoma) mediated Cl:HCO3 exchange was shown to be inhibited secondary to diminished affinity of the exchanger for Cl. However, NHE3 mediated Na:H exchange remained unaffected. Mast cells and their secreted mediators are known to be increased in the IBD mucosa and can affect intestinal electrolyte absorption. However, how mast cell mediators may regulate Cl:HCO3 exchange in SAMP1 mice is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of mast cell mediators on the downregulation of DRA in SAMP1 mice. Mast cell numbers and their degranulation marker enzyme (β-hexosaminidase) levels were significantly increased in SAMP1 mice compared to control AKR mice. However, treatment of SAMP1 mice with a mast cell stabilizer, ketotifen, restored the β-hexosaminidase enzyme levels to normal in the intestine, demonstrating stabilization of mast cells by ketotifen. Moreover, downregulation of Cl:HCO3 exchange activity was restored in ketotifen treated SAMP1 mice. Kinetic studies showed that ketotifen restored the altered affinity of Cl:HCO3 exchange in SAMP1 mice villus cells thus reinstating its activity to normal. Further, RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence studies showed that the expression levels of DRA mRNA and BBM protein, respectively remained unaltered in all experimental conditions, supporting the kinetic data. Thus, inhibition of Cl:HCO3 exchange resulting in chloride malabsorption leading to diarrhea in IBD is likely mediated by mast cell mediators.
Collapse
|
24
|
Shu G, Xu D, Ran C, Yin L, Lin J, Fu H, Zhang W, Bai S, Peng X, Zhao X, Amevor FK. Protective effect of dietary supplementation of Bupleurum falcatum L saikosaponins on ammonia exposure-induced ileum injury in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100803. [PMID: 33516464 PMCID: PMC7936159 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) at a high concentration has been recognized as a highly poisonous pollutant affecting both air and water quality. NH3, as a stimulus, exerts negative impact on broiler growth and production, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear yet. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bupleurum falcatum L saikosaponins (SP) on the growth and ileum health status in broilers exposed to NH3. Day-old Arbor Acers broilers (n = 480) were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments. The main factors were dietary SP supplementation (0 or 80 mg/kg of diet) and NH3 challenge (with or without 70 ± 5 ppm NH3). The data of growth, intestinal morphology, and mRNA expression related to ileal function were collected from broilers exposed to NH3 for 7 d. Results showed that NH3 remarkably suppressed growth performance and intestinal development as well as induced biological injuries in the ileum of broilers, resulting from oxidative stress, mucous barrier damage, and immune dysfunction as well as upregulated apoptosis. These negative effects of NH3 were alleviated by the SP supplement. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SP may be helpful in alleviating the detrimental effects of NH3 on the ileum development in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chonglin Ran
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reynaud Y, Buffière C, Cohade B, Vauris M, Liebermann K, Hafnaoui N, Lopez M, Souchon I, Dupont D, Rémond D. True ileal amino acid digestibility and digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAASs) of plant-based protein foods. Food Chem 2021; 338:128020. [PMID: 32932087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based protein foods are increasingly common, but data on their nutritional protein quality are scarce. This study evaluated it for seitan (wheat-based food), tofu (soya-based food), soya milk, and a pea emulsion. The true ileal digestibility (TID) of their amino acids was determined in minipigs, to calculate the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS). The TID of the proteins was high and not significantly different between the foods tested: 97% for seitan, 95% for tofu, 92% for soya milk and 94% for pea emulsion. There were only minor differences in individual amino acid TIDs. DIAAS ranking was thus essentially driven by the amino acid composition of the food: soya-based food > pea emulsion > seitan. Nevertheless, the lower TID of sulphur-containing amino acids in tofu than in soya milk induced a significant decrease in DIAAS (from 117% to 97%), highlighting the importance of the matrix effect on nutritional protein quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Reynaud
- IMPROVE SAS, F-80480 Dury, France; STLO, INRAE, INSTITUT AGRO, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Buffière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Benoît Cohade
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Mélissa Vauris
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Kevin Liebermann
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Noureddine Hafnaoui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | - Isabelle Souchon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, SayFood, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | | | - Didier Rémond
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saiyasit N, Chunchai T, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Apaijai N, Pratchayasakul W, Sripetchwandee J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Neurotensin receptor 1 agonist provides neuroprotection in pre-diabetic rats. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:59-74. [PMID: 33112810 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous treatment of a neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) agonist exerted the neuroprotection in an obese and Alzheimer's model. However, the effects of NTR1 modulation on peripheral/hippocampal impairment and cognitive deficit following sustained HFD consumption are poorly understood. Forty rats received a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 16 weeks. At week 13, the ND group received a vehicle (n = 8). Thirty-two HFD-fed group were randomized into four subgroups (n = 8/subgroup) with a vehicle, 1 mg/kg of NTR1 agonist, 1 mg/kg of NTR antagonist, and combined treatment (NTR1 agonist-NTR antagonist) for 2 weeks, s.c. injection. Then, the cognitive tests and peripheral/hippocampal parameters were determined. Our findings demonstrated that NTR1 activator reversed obesity and attenuated metabolic impairment in pre-diabetic rats. It also alleviated hippocampal pathologies and synaptic dysplasticity, leading to deceleration or prevention of cognitive impairment progression. Therefore, NTR1 activation would be a possible novel therapy to decelerate or prevent progression of neuropathology and cognitive impairment in the pre-diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Napatsorn Saiyasit
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carvalho PLA, Andrade MER, Trindade LM, Leocádio PCL, Alvarez-Leite JI, Dos Reis DC, Cassali GD, Souza E Melo ÉLDS, Dos Santos Martins F, Fernandes SOA, Gouveia Peluzio MDC, Generoso SDV, Cardoso VN. Prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation using fructo-oligosaccharide improves the intestinal homeostasis after mucositis induced by 5- fluorouracil. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111012. [PMID: 33254017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of prebiotic, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), in intestinal inflammation have been demonstrated in several studies. Herein, we evaluate whether joint treatment with FOS, both before and during mucositis, had additional beneficial effects and investigated the mechanisms underlying in the action of FOS on the intestinal barrier. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: CTR (without mucositis + saline solution), FOS (without mucositis + 6 % FOS), MUC (mucositis + saline solution), PT (mucositis + 6 % FOS supplementation before disease induction), and TT (mucositis + 6 % FOS supplementation before and during disease induction). Mucositis was induced by intraperitoneal injection (300 mg/kg) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). After 72 h, the animals were euthanized and intestinal permeability (IP), tight junction, bacterial translocation (BT), histology and morphometry, and immunoglobulin A secretory (sIgA), inflammatory infiltrate, and production of short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate and propionate) were evaluated. The MUC group showed an increase in the IP, BT, and inflammatory infiltrate but a decrease in the tight junction expression and butyrate and propionate levels (P < 0.05). In the PT and TT groups, FOS supplementation maintained the IP, tight junction expression, and propionate concentration within physiologic levels, increased butyrate levels, and reduced BT and inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.05). Total treatment with FOS (TT group) was more effective in maintaining histological score, morphometric parameters, and sIgA production. Thus, total treatment (prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation) with FOS was more effective than pretreatment alone, in reducing 5-FU-induced damage to the intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lopes Armond Carvalho
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Emília Rabelo Andrade
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Carlos Dos Reis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Babatunde OO, Osho SO, Park CS, Adeola O. Additivity of apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of phosphorus in mixed diets containing corn and soybean meal fed to broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6907-6913. [PMID: 33248606 PMCID: PMC7704994 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an integral part of diet formulation for broiler chickens as P is required for various biochemical processes essential to life. A study was designed to examine the additivity of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of P in mixed diets containing corn and soybean meal (SBM) with or without phytase supplementation. Birds were fed a commercial starter diet from day 0 to 21 after hatching and then allotted to 7 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with the BW as a blocking factor. Four semipurified diets were prepared to contain corn or SBM as the sole source of P with or without the addition of phytase at 1,000 phytase units/kg of diet. Two mixed diets were also prepared to contain corn and SBM with or without the addition of phytase at 1,000 phytase units/kg diet. A P-free diet (PFD) was formulated to determine the basal ileal endogenous loss of P. There were 16 replicate cages of the PFD and 8 replicate cages of the 6 experimental diets, with 8 birds per replicate cage for a total of 512 birds. Diets were fed for 3 d. The ileal digesta of birds were collected from the distal two-thirds of the ileum on day 24 after hatching. The SID of P in corn and SBM were 52.2 and 65.4%, respectively (SEM = 1.37). The addition of phytase improved (P < 0.05) both the AID and SID of P in the corn, SBM, and mixed diets. The determined AID or SID in the corn and SBM with or without phytase was used to predict the AID or SID in the mixed diets. There were no differences between the predicted and determined digestibility values in the mixed diets for either AID or SID of P and thus additive. Phytase supplementation of the mixed diet did not influence the additivity of AID or SID. In conclusion, the AID or SID of P in the corn and SBM was additive in the mixed diets containing corn and SBM with or without the addition of phytase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O O Babatunde
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - S O Osho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - C S Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - O Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ybañez-Julca RO, Asunción-Alvarez D, Quispe-Díaz IM, Palacios J, Bórquez J, Simirgiotis MJ, Perveen S, Nwokocha CR, Cifuentes F, Paredes A. Metabolomic Profiling of Mango ( Mangifera indica Linn) Leaf Extract and Its Intestinal Protective Effect and Antioxidant Activity in Different Biological Models. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215149. [PMID: 33167456 PMCID: PMC7663946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangifera indica Linn popularly known as mango is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic composition of lyophilized extract of mango leaf (MIE), to evaluate the antioxidant activity on several oxidative stress systems (DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, and ABTS), the spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, and intestinal protective effect on oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rat ileum. Twenty-nine metabolites were identified and characterized based on their ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry, these include: benzophenone derivatives, xanthones, phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavonoids and procyanidins. Extract demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in in-vitro assays. MIE relaxed (p < 0.001) intestinal segments of rat pre-contracted with acetylcholine (ACh) (10−5 M). Pre-incubation of intestinal segments with 100 µg/mL MIE significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the contraction to H2O2. Similar effects were observed with mangiferin and quercetin (10−5 M; p < 0.05) but not for gallic acid. Chronic treatment of rats with MIE (50 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the H2O2-induced contractions. MIE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, which could contribute to its use as an alternative for the management of several intestinal diseases related to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto O. Ybañez-Julca
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (D.A.-A.); (I.M.Q.-D.)
- Correspondence: (R.O.Y.-J.); (J.P.); Tel.: +51-0449-7634-5993 (R.O.Y.-J.); +56-57-252-6910 (J.P.)
| | - Daniel Asunción-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (D.A.-A.); (I.M.Q.-D.)
| | - Ivan M. Quispe-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (D.A.-A.); (I.M.Q.-D.)
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.O.Y.-J.); (J.P.); Tel.: +51-0449-7634-5993 (R.O.Y.-J.); +56-57-252-6910 (J.P.)
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile;
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, KGN, Jamaica;
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental (EPhyL), Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile;
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Duangjai A, Parseatsook K, Sajjapong W, Saokaew S. Assessment of Polygonum odoratum Lour. Leaf Extract on Rat's Ileum Contraction and the Mechanisms Involved. J Med Food 2020; 23:1169-1175. [PMID: 32976072 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vietnamese coriander (Polygonum odoratum Lour.) is a plant native to northern Thailand. The biological activities of P. odoratum Lour. extract (POE) include antibacterial, antiviral, and expectorant. However, the effect of POE on intestinal smooth muscle motility is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relaxant effects of POE on isolated rat ileum. Propranolol (1 μM), calcium chloride (1-20 mM), and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME, 100 μM) were used to investigate the mechanisms of action. The results showed that POE (0.01-5 mg/mL) reduced KCl-induced contraction. In addition, POE (1 mg/mL) reduced the contraction by propranolol and l-NAME and attenuated CaCl2-induced contractions. Our results indicate that the relaxation effect of POE on ileum contractions seems to involve nitric oxide and β-adrenergic pathways, and blockade of calcium influx. These findings provide a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of POE to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Duangjai
- Unit of Excellence in Research and Product Development of Coffee, Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Parseatsook
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Wittawas Sajjapong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen S, Wang R, Cheng M, Wei G, Du Y, Fan Y, Li J, Li H, Deng Z. Serum Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of β-Sitosterol Laurate Is Attributed to the Reduction of Both Cholesterol Absorption and Bile Acids Reabsorption in Hamsters. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:10003-10014. [PMID: 32811147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The research was performed to delineate how β-sitosterol laurate (β-SLE) consumption influenced serum and hepatic lipids. The results showed that 220 mg/5 mL oil/kg body weight of β-SLE robustly reduced serum total triglyceride and cholesterol levels and the epididymal adipocyte size, and efficiently protected hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acids against lipid peroxidation through superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase activity enhancement and malondialdehyde level reduction. Based on the changes of fecal cholesterol contents, fecal and hepatic bile acid (BAs) levels, and related protein expression, it was concluded that the mechanisms for lowering serum cholesterol by β-SLE involved (i) the enhanced excretion of fecal cholesterol via down-regulation of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein; (ii) the increased conversion from cholesterol to primary BAs via up-regulation of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase and sterol 27-hydroxylase, which was induced by the reduced BAs reabsorption through up-regulating ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and ileal bile acid-binding protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Mingyan Cheng
- State Centre of Quality Supervision and Inspection for Camellia Products, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guohua Wei
- Yichun Dahaigui Life Science Co., Ltd, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingxue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yawei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu P, Choi J, Yang C, Mogire M, Liu S, Lahaye L, Adewole D, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Yang C. Effects of antibiotic growth promoter and dietary protease on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, meat quality, and intestinal gene expression in broiler chickens: a comparison. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa254. [PMID: 32776130 PMCID: PMC7470467 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing broiler diets with a dietary protease on growth performance, digestive function, intestinal morphology, and meat quality as compared with feeding diets with or without an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). A total of 240 1-day-old male chicks (Cobb 500, 48.3 ± 3.3 g) were distributed to three treatments with eight replicates (10 birds per replicate). Three treatments were: 1) corn-soybean meal basal diets (CTRL), 2) basal diets with 0.003% avilamycin (AB), and 3) basal diets with 0.0125% protease (PRT). The diets were provided as mash form, and birds were fed ad libitum during the whole experimental period. On day 45, birds were euthanized, and tissue and digesta samples were collected. On day 46, the remaining birds were processed in a commercial slaughterhouse, and breast muscle samples were collected. Despite a trend for a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the AB group during the whole phase (P = 0.071), no significant differences in growth performance parameters and relative weights of organs were observed (P > 0.05) among the groups. The AB and PRT groups showed significantly greater apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) compared with the CTRL group (P < 0.05). The PRT group significantly improved the morphology of duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). No differences were detected for meat quality, white striping, and woody breast among the groups (P > 0.05). For the gene expressions, the AB group showed a greater level of B0-system neutral amino acid co-transporter 1 and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 mRNA abundance compared with PRT group, while a significantly lesser level of cationic amino acid transporter 1 mRNA abundance was observed in the AB group compared with CTRL group (P < 0.05). The PRT group had a lesser level of peptide transporter 1 mRNA abundance in the jejunum than the CTRL group (P < 0.05). The highest mRNA abundances of zonula occludens-1 and cadherin 1 were observed in the CTRL group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of avilamycin tended to reduce FCR and significantly improved AA utilization, and supplementation of dietary protease significantly enhanced intestinal morphology and AA utilization in broilers. In that respect, exogenous protease use appears to be an interesting tool to be considered in AGP reduction strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chongwu Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marion Mogire
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | | | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Faisal R, Nabi M, Ali N, Ali Shah SW, Shakirullah . Azithromycin induced contractile responses of intestinal smooth muscles: A mechanistic approach. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2385-2392. [PMID: 33832879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current work is documented to investigate the actions of azithromycin on intestinal smooth muscles as there are reports of gastrointestinal upsets with use of azithromycin. Azithromycin was tested on rabbit's jejunal and rat's ileal preparations in test concentrations (μM) of 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15μM. After mounting the tissues in organ bath containing Tyrode's solution, spasmogenic activity of azithromycin was observed. To explore its possible mechanisms, response of azithromycin was noted in the presence of 0.3μM atropine, 3μM loratadine, 0.3μM ondansetron, 10μM metoclopramide, 0.3μM verapamil, 1μM propranolol, 3μM amiodarone and combination of 0.3μM each atropine, ondansetron, verapamil and propranolol (AOVP). Mean % Emax for azithromycin was 67.6±1.6 and 54.0±2.1 (% of ACh max) for rabbit's jejunal and rat's ileal preparations, respectively. The Mean % Emax for azithromycin in the presence of various antagonists for rabbit's jejunal and rat's ileal preparations was as: 2.4±0.1 and 11.4±1.3 with atropine; 67.9±2.0 and 50.7±1.9 with loratadine; 27.5±0.5 and 34.0±2.9 with ondansetron; 88.4±1.2 and 79.1±3.8 with metoclopramide; 13.6±1.2 and 22.3±2.5 with verapamil; 10.2±2.1 and 15.6±1.4 with propranolol; 68.4±1.3 and 58.0±3.4 with amiodarone. Results reveal that the spasmogenic response of azithromycin is mainly mediated through muscarinic receptors. However, we found involvement of mixed pathway including serotonergic receptors, voltage gated calcium channels and voltage gated sodium channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KP, Pakistan
| | - - Shakirullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan/Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KP, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yao L, Tang Y, Chen B, Hong W, Xu X, Liu Y, Aguilar ZP, Xu H. Oral exposure of titanium oxide nanoparticles induce ileum physical barrier dysfunction via Th1/Th2 imbalance. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:982-990. [PMID: 32333507 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effects and the mechanism of intestinal barrier caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). Here, the effects of two different dosages (300 and 1200 mg/kg) of TiO2 NPs on female mice (n = 5) were investigated. After 28-day oral exposure, the results of Ti content were significantly increased in the ileum in comparison with the control. The histopathological structure index of the ileum was significantly changed after TiO2 NPs exposure; villi height and crypt depth were decreased and increased, respectively. Meanwhile, TiO2 NPs treatment also significantly altered the transcription levels of genes. First, the GATA-3 and STAT-4 were upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Second, gene expressions of the Zonula Occludens-1, claudin (CLDN)-12, occludin, and myosin light chain kinase were significantly upregulated, while the CLDN-3 was decreased. Finally, the caspase-3, caspase-9, and caspase-12 were upregulated. The results of TUNEL staining indicated apoptosis in the ileum. In general, TiO2 NPs treatment significantly changed the intestine physical barrier in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs could be through the imbalance in the Th1/Th2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yizhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bolu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wuding Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao J, Zhang G, Liu L, Wang J, Zhang S. Effects of fibre-degrading enzymes in combination with different fibre sources on ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility and fermentation products in pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 2020; 74:309-324. [PMID: 32441546 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2020.1766333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine effects of a complex of fibre-degrading enzymes (xylanase, cellulase and β-glucanase) on nutrient digestibility, fibre fermentation and concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) at different parts of digestive tract in pigs fed different fibre-rich ingredients. A total of 36 barrows fitted with T-cannulas in the distal ileum (initial body weight of 41.1 ± 2.7 kg) were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments with three different high-fibre diets including maize bran (MB), sugar beet pulp (SBP) and soybean hulls (SH) with or without supplementation of fibre-degrading enzymes. Enzyme supplementation improved (p < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dietary gross energy (GE), crude protein, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), total dietary fibre (TDF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dietary GE, DM, OM, TDF, insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) when pigs were fed MB, SBP or SH diets. When compared to the SBP and SH diets, the AID of GE, DM, ash, OM and NDF in diet MB was higher (p < 0.05), but the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of nutrients, except for ether extract and crude ash, were lower (p < 0.05). Enzyme supplementation increased acetate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and faeces of pigs. In conclusion, enzyme addition improved IDF fermentation and SCFA concentration in the whole intestine of pigs, and there was a large variation of digestibility of fibre components among MB, SH and SBP owing to their different fibre composition. Therefore, fibre-degrading enzymes should be applied to fibrous diets to improve efficient production of swine, especially considering low fibre digestibility of fibre-rich ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu Y, Brown PN, Ragone D, Gibson DL, Murch SJ. Breadfruit flour is a healthy option for modern foods and food security. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236300. [PMID: 32702056 PMCID: PMC7377419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breadfruit is a traditional staple crop from Pacific islands with the potential to improve worldwide food security and mitigate diabetes. Flour produced from breadfruit is a gluten-free, low glycemic index, nutrient dense and complete protein option for modern foods but basic scientific knowledge of health impacts of a breadfruit-based diet in animals and humans was lacking. We designed a series of studies to provide basic and fundamental data on impacts of a breadfruit-based diet through an in vitro and in vivo model. Cooked breadfruit flour was digested through a multi-stage enzyme digestion model to estimate protein digestibility in comparison to wheat flour. Breadfruit protein was found to be easier to digest than wheat protein in the enzyme digestion model. The flour digestions were applied to Caco-2 cells to test the cytotoxicity and to measure the immunogenicity through cytokine expression. No significant differences were observed for immune factors and cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ) on Caco-2 cells between the breadfruit and wheat groups. A breadfruit-based rodent chow was formulated by substitution of all of the wheat in the standard formulation with breadfruit. The diets were isocaloric, nutrient equivalent and used to feed male and female C57BL/6 mice for 21 days. No sign of malnutrition, discomfort, illness or death was observed among the mice because of the diet. The histology and the cytokine expression of the mice ileum from both groups were analyzed and showed similar results. The expression of major bacteria was measured in the colon and showed similar results. Mice fed the breadfruit diet had a significantly higher growth rate and body weight than standard diet fed mice. No negative health outcomes were observed in studies with in vitro or in vivo models and breadfruit flour is a healthy alternative to other starches for modern foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Group, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paula N. Brown
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Group, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diane Ragone
- Breadfruit Institute, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kauai, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan J. Murch
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Secombe KR, Ball IA, Shirren J, Wignall AD, Keefe DM, Bowen JM. Pathophysiology of neratinib-induced diarrhea in male and female rats: microbial alterations a potential determinant. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:99-109. [PMID: 32683606 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neratinib is a potent irreversible pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor, approved by the FDA for extended adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Diarrhea is the most frequently observed adverse event with tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. In this study, we developed a reproducible model for neratinib-induced diarrhea in male and female rats. METHODS At first, male rats were treated with neratinib at 15, 30 or 50 mg/kg or vehicle control via oral gavage for 28 days (total n = 12). Secondly, we compared outcomes of male (n = 7) and female (n = 8) rats, treated with 50 mg/kg neratinib. RESULTS Rats treated with a 50 mg/kg daily dose of neratinib had a reproducible and clinically relevant level of diarrhea and therefore was confirmed as an appropriate dose. Male rats treated with neratinib had significant changes to their gut microbiome. This included neratinib-induced increases in Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.0023) and Oscillospira (P = 0.026), and decreases in Blautia (P = 0.0002). On average, female rats experienced more significant neratinib-induced diarrhea (mean grade 1.526) compared with male rats (mean grade 1.182) (P < 0.0001). Neratinib caused a reduction in percentage weight gain after 28 days of treatment in females (P = 0.0018) compared with vehicle controls. Females and males both showed instances of villus atrophy and fusion, most severely in the distal ileum. Serum neratinib concentration was higher in female rats compared to male rats (P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS A reproducible diarrhea model was developed in both female and male rats, which indicated that diarrhea pathogenesis is multifactorial, including anatomical disruption particularly evident in the distal ileum, and alterations in microbial composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Secombe
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Level 2 Helen Mayo Building South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Imogen A Ball
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Level 2 Helen Mayo Building South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Joseph Shirren
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Level 2 Helen Mayo Building South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Anthony D Wignall
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Level 2 Helen Mayo Building South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorothy M Keefe
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Level 2 Helen Mayo Building South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Level 2 Helen Mayo Building South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leino T, Lehtimäki J, Koivisto A, Haapalinna A, Pesonen U. Fadolmidine - Favourable adverse effects profile for spinal analgesia suggested by in vitro and in vivo models. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173296. [PMID: 32592769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fadolmidine is an α2-adrenoceptor full agonist developed for spinal analgesia with a local mode of action. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety of fadolmidine on known α2-adrenoceptor-related effects: kidney function, urodynamics and cardiovascular variables. Furthermore, the binding affinity of fadolmidine for the 5-HT3 receptor prompted functional studies on 5-HT3. According to the binding affinity data, fadolmidine demonstrated partial agonism on the 5-HT3 receptor in transfected cells and in guinea pig ileum preparation. However, intravenous (IV) fadolmidine did not produce any 5-HT3-related hemodynamic effects in anaesthetised rats. In urodynamic studies, intrathecal (IT) fadolmidine interrupted volume-evoked voiding cycles and induced overflow incontinence at high concentrations in anaesthetised rats; however, at the analgesic dose range, the effects were mild. The effects of fadolmidine on kidney function were studied in conscious rats after IV and IT dosing. While IT fadolmidine increased dose-dependent urine output, sodium ion concentration, IV doses increased only sodium ion concentration The effects of IT fadolmidine on heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and sedation were evaluated in the home cage and in the open field using a telemetry system. In resting conditions, fadolmidine decreased HR dose-dependently and increased initial MAP, whereas in actively moving rats, there were no effects at analgesic doses. The results suggest that at anticipated analgesic clinical doses, IT fadolmidine provides analgesia without significant adverse effects on sedation, MAP or HR and with only modest effects on kidney function and urodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Leino
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, R&D, P.O. Box 425, FI-20101, Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Lehtimäki
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, R&D, P.O. Box 425, FI-20101, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ari Koivisto
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, R&D, P.O. Box 425, FI-20101, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Haapalinna
- Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, R&D, P.O. Box 425, FI-20101, Turku, Finland
| | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinanmyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Burgueño JF, Reich A, Hazime H, Quintero MA, Fernandez I, Fritsch J, Santander AM, Brito N, Damas OM, Deshpande A, Kerman DH, Zhang L, Gao Z, Ban Y, Wang L, Pignac-Kobinger J, Abreu MT. Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Gut of Patients With IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:797-808. [PMID: 32333601 PMCID: PMC7188157 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have intestinal inflammation and are treated with immune-modulating medications. In the face of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, we do not know whether patients with IBD will be more susceptible to infection or disease. We hypothesized that the viral entry molecules angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are expressed in the intestine. We further hypothesized that their expression could be affected by inflammation or medication usage. METHODS We examined the expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 by quantitative polymerase chain reacion in animal models of IBD. Publicly available data from organoids and mucosal biopsies from patients with IBD were examined for expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We conducted RNA sequencing for CD11b-enriched cells and peripheral and lamina propria T-cells from well-annotated patient samples. RESULTS ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were abundantly expressed in the ileum and colon and had high expression in intestinal epithelial cells. In animal models, inflammation led to downregulation of epithelial Ace2. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was not increased in samples from patients with compared with those of control patients. In CD11b-enriched cells but not T-cells, the level of expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the mucosa was comparable to other functional mucosal genes and was not affected by inflammation. Anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and steroids were linked to significantly lower expression of ACE2 in CD11b-enriched cells. CONCLUSIONS The viral entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in the ileum and colon. Patients with IBD do not have higher expression during inflammation; medical therapy is associated with lower levels of ACE2. These data provide reassurance for patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Burgueño
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adrian Reich
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The Scripps Research Institute-Florida, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Hajar Hazime
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria A Quintero
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Irina Fernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Fritsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ana M Santander
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nivis Brito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Oriana M Damas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Amar Deshpande
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David H Kerman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lanyu Zhang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zhen Gao
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lily Wang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Judith Pignac-Kobinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Afzal A, Khan A, Khan A, Farooqi R, Khan BT, Ara I. Effect of paroxetine on intestinal motility in the presence of ondansetron. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1169-1172. [PMID: 33191244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and depression are the conditions that run in parallel fashions. All these conditions cause the release of an increased amount of serotonin in the body. Serotonin acts on these 5HT3 receptors and causes nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron acts by blocking serotonin from acting on the receptors and thus is useful in decreasing episodes of nausea and vomiting but when used concomitantly with SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) as cancer patient also suffered from depression. This combination tends to decrease the efficacy of ondansetron. The present study was carried out to observe the modulatory role of ondansetron on ileal smooth muscle motility in vitro. Experiments were performed in four groups (n=6) and ileal smooth muscle activity was recorded on the power lab (USA). The effects of increasing concentrations of serotonin, ondansetron and paroxetine alone were observed. In the fourth group effects of paroxetine in the presence of fixed concentration (1ml) of ondansetron (10-6M) was observed. The maximum response obtained by serotonin served as a control for our study (100%). Paroxetine response on intestinal motility was completely blocked in the presence of ondansetron. Our findings hence, reinforce the hypothesis that paroxetine decreases the antiemetic activity of serotonin antagonist ondansetron, by super sensitization of serotonergic receptors resulting in an increased incidence of nausea and vomiting in cancer patient despite adequate antiemetic prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College (NUMS), Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nawaz Sharif Medical College University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Asma Khan
- Department Pharmacology, Fazaia Medical College (NUMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Farooqi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College (NUMS), Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tayyaba Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Army medical College (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Ara
- Department of Pharmacology, Wah Medical College (NUMS), Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Suksridechacin N, Kulwong P, Chamniansawat S, Thongon N. Effect of prolonged omeprazole administration on segmental intestinal Mg 2+ absorption in male Sprague-Dawley rats. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1142-1155. [PMID: 32231419 PMCID: PMC7093313 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i11.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact mechanism of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)-induced hypomagnesemia (PPIH) is largely unknown. Previous studies proposed that PPIH is a consequence of intestinal Mg2+ malabsorption. However, the mechanism of PPIs-suppressed intestinal Mg2+ absorption is under debate.
AIM To investigate the effect of 12-wk and 24-wk omeprazole injection on the total, transcellular, and paracellular Mg2+ absorption in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of male Sprague-Dawley rats.
METHODS The rats received 20 mg/kg∙d subcutaneous omeprazole injection for 12 or 24 wk. Plasma and urinary Mg2+, Ca2+, and PO43− levels were measured. The plasma concentrations of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin were also observed. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of each rat were mounted onto individual modified Using chamber setups to study the rates of total, transcellular, and paracellular Mg2+ absorption simultaneously. The expression of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) and cyclin M4 (CNNM4) in the entire intestinal tract was also measured.
RESULTS Single-dose omeprazole injection significantly increased the intraluminal pH of the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. Omeprazole injection for 12 and 24 wk induced hypomagnesemia with reduced urinary Mg2+ excretion. The plasma Ca2+ was normal but the urinary Ca2+ excretion was reduced in rats with PPIH. The plasma and urinary PO43− levels increased in PPIH rats. The levels of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and FGF-23 increased, whereas that of plasma EGF decreased in the omeprazole-treated rats. The rates of the total, transcellular, and paracellular Mg2+ absorption was significantly lower in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of the rats with PPIH than in those of the control rats. The percent suppression of Mg2+ absorption in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of the rats with PPIH compared with the control rats was 81.86%, 70.59%, 69.45%, and 39.25%, respectively. Compared with the control rats, the rats with PPIH had significantly higher TRPM6 and CNNM4 expression levels throughout the intestinal tract.
CONCLUSION Intestinal Mg2+ malabsorption was observed throughout the intestinal tract of rats with PPIH. PPIs mainly suppressed small intestinal Mg2+ absorption. Omeprazole exerted no effect on the intraluminal acidic pH in the colon. Thus, the lowest percent suppression of total Mg2+ absorption was found in the colon. The expression levels of TRPM6 and CNNM4 increased, indicating the presence of a compensatory response to Mg2+ malabsorption in rats with PPIH. Therefore, the small intestine is an appropriate segment that should be modulated to counteract PPIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasisorn Suksridechacin
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Punnisa Kulwong
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chamniansawat
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Narongrit Thongon
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Geng W, Long SL, Chang YJ, Saxton AM, Joyce SA, Lin J. Evaluation of bile salt hydrolase inhibitor efficacy for modulating host bile profile and physiology using a chicken model system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4941. [PMID: 32188876 PMCID: PMC7080769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial enzymes, bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) are the gateway enzymes for bile acid (BA) modification in the gut. This activity is a promising target for developing innovative non-antibiotic growth promoters to enhance animal production and health. Compelling evidence has shown that inhibition of BSH activity should enhance weight gain by altering the BA pool, host signalling and lipid metabolism. We recently identified a panel of promising BSH inhibitors. Here, we address the potential of them as alternative, effective, non-antibiotic feed additives, for commercial application, to promote animal growth using a chicken model. In this study, the in vivo efficacy of three BSH inhibitors (caffeic acid phenethylester, riboflavin, carnosic acid) were evaluated. 7-day old chicks (10 birds/group) were either untreated or they received one of the specific BSH inhibitors (25 mg/kg body weight) via oral gavage for 17 days. The chicks in treatment groups consistently displayed higher body weight gain than the untreated chicks. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that BSH inhibitor treatment led to significant changes in both circulating and intestinal BA signatures in support of blunted intestinal BSH activity. Consistent with this finding, liver and intestinal tissue RNA-Seq analysis showed that carnosic acid treatment significantly altered expression of genes involved in lipid and bile acid metabolism. Taken together, this study validates microbial BSH activity inhibition as an alternative target and strategy to antibiotic treatment for animal growth promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Geng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506, River Drive, Knoxville, USA
| | - Sarah L Long
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Department of High Performance Computing and Research, University of Rutgers, Newark, USA
| | - Arnold M Saxton
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506, River Drive, Knoxville, USA
| | - Susan A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506, River Drive, Knoxville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lang S, Yang J, Yang K, Gu L, Cui X, Wei T, Liu J, Le Y, Wang H, Wei R, Hong T. Glucagon receptor antagonist upregulates circulating GLP-1 level by promoting intestinal L-cell proliferation and GLP-1 production in type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001025. [PMID: 32139602 PMCID: PMC7059498 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon receptor (GCGR) blockage improves glycemic control and increases circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level in diabetic animals and humans. The elevated GLP-1 has been reported to be involved in the hypoglycemic effect of GCGR blockage. However, the source of this elevation remains to be clarified. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS REMD 2.59, a human GCGR monoclonal antibody (mAb), was administrated for 12 weeks in db/db mice and high-fat diet+streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice. Blood glucose, glucose tolerance and plasma GLP-1 were evaluated during the treatment. The gut length, epithelial area, and L-cell number and proliferation were detected after the mice were sacrificed. Cell proliferation and GLP-1 production were measured in mouse L-cell line GLUTag cells, and primary mouse and human enterocytes. Moreover, GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor was used in GLUTag cells to determine the involved signaling pathways. RESULTS Treatment with the GCGR mAb lowered blood glucose level, improved glucose tolerance and elevated plasma GLP-1 level in both db/db and HFD/STZ-induced T2D mice. Besides, the treatment promoted L-cell proliferation and LK-cell expansion, and increased the gut length, epithelial area and L-cell number in these two T2D mice. Similarly, our in vitro study showed that the GCGR mAb promoted L-cell proliferation and increased GLP-1 production in GLUTag cells, and primary mouse and human enterocytes. Furthermore, either GLP-1R antagonist or PKA inhibitor diminished the effects of GCGR mAb on L-cell proliferation and GLP-1 production. CONCLUSIONS The elevated circulating GLP-1 level by GCGR mAb is mainly due to intestinal L-cell proliferation and GLP-1 production, which may be mediated via GLP-1R/PKA signaling pathways. Therefore, GCGR mAb represents a promising strategy to improve glycemic control and restore the impaired GLP-1 production in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangbiao Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyi Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rahimi S, Kathariou S, Fletcher O, Grimes JL. The effectiveness of a dietary direct-fed microbial and mannan oligosaccharide on ultrastructural changes of intestinal mucosa of turkey poults infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1135-1149. [PMID: 32036965 PMCID: PMC7587720 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter are considered major public health burdens worldwide, and poultry are known to be one of the main reservoirs for these zoonotic pathogens. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a commercial probiotic or direct-fed microbial (DFM) Calsporin (CSP), and prebiotic or mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) (IMW50) on ultrastructural changes and the villous integrity of intestinal mucosa in turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter. A 21-day battery cage study was conducted using 4 dietary treatments including a basal diet (corn and soybean-based) nonsupplemented and uninfected as a negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% DFM (CSP); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS (IMW50); and basal diet supplemented with 0.05% mixture of DFM and MOS at equal proportions. Female large white turkey poults aged 336 days were obtained from a local commercial hatchery and randomly distributed in electrically heated battery cages with 12 treatments of 4 replicates per treatment containing 7 poults per pen. The first 16 pens were not infected with bacteria, poults in pens 17-32 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 cfu Salmonella Heidelberg, and the poults in pens 33-48 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 cfu Campylobacter jejuni. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the study. At day 21, ileal tissue samples from 1 bird per cage were collected for intestinal integrity and ultrastructural examination by scanning and electron microscopy. DFM and MOS supplementation was effective in both challenged and nonchallenged (not infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter) birds. Goblet cells and mucus were increased, with the presence of large numbers of segmented filamentous bacteria in DFM- and MOS-supplemented groups compared with birds in control treatments. The number and size of villi were reduced in poults exposed to Salmonella and Campylobacter. Results show that CSP and IMW50 provide protection of ileal mucosal integrity in poults exposed to Salmonella or Campylobacter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - Oscar Fletcher
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - Jesse L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, D’Addario C, Falconi A, Bellia F, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R. Long-Lasting Effects of GSPE on Ileal GLP-1R Gene Expression Are Associated with a Hypomethylation of the GLP-1R Promoter in Female Wistar Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120865. [PMID: 31842341 PMCID: PMC6995503 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to modulate GLP-1 in obesity. GLP-1 induces some of its effects through the intestinal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), though no data exist on how flavonoids affect this receptor. Here, we examine how a dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) with anti-obesity activity affects intestinal GLP-1R and analyze whether epigenetics play a role in the long-lasting effects of GSPE. We found that 10-day GSPE administration prior to the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R mRNA in the ileum 17 weeks after the GSPE treatment. This was associated with a hypomethylation of the GLP-1R promoter near the region where the SP1 transcription factor binds. In the colon, the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R without showing any GSPE effect. In conclusion, we have identified long-lasting GSPE effects on GLP-1R gene expression in the ileum that are partly mediated by hypomethylation at the gene promoter and may affect the SP1 binding factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Claudio D’Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-9566; Fax: +34-977-55-8232
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lv Z, Hu C, Jiang J, Jin S, Wei Q, Wei X, Yu D, Shi F. Effects of High-Dose Genistein on the Hypothalamic RNA Profile and Intestinal Health of Female Chicks. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:13737-13750. [PMID: 31789024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is abundant in animal feed. In this study, the side effects of high-dose genistein on intestinal health and hypothalamic RNA profile were evaluated. Chicks exposed to high-dose genistein by intraperitoneal injection (416 ± 21, 34.5 ± 2.5) and feed supplementation (308 ± 19, 27.2 ± 2.1) both showed a reduced body weight gain and feed intake in comparison with the control group (261 ± 16, 22.7 ± 1.6, P < 0.01). In comparison with the control (22.4 ± 0.5, 33.3 ± 2.4), serum levels of albumin and total protein were decreased after high-dose genistein injection (21.6 ± 0.5, 31.8 ± 1.6) and diet supplementation (20.6 ± 0.9, 29.9 ± 2.5, P < 0.001). Interestingly, the genistein diet presented the chick hypothalamus with downregulated expression of bitter receptors (TAS1R3, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, it upregulated the expressions of TAS2R1 (P < 0.05) and downstream genes (PLCB2 and IP3R3) in the ileum (P < 0.05). Accordingly, high-dose dietary genistein reduced villus height and the abundance of Lactobacillus, along with the increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the ileum (P < 0.05). Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identified 348 differently expressed genes (168 upregulated and 224 downregulated) in the high-dose dietary genistein treated group in comparison with the control (P < 0.05, |log2FoldChange| > 0.585). Therefore, high-dose dietary genistein altered the hypothalamic RNA profile and signal processing. Cluster analysis further revealed that high-dose dietary genistein significantly influenced apoptosis, the immune process, and the whole synthesis of steroid hormones in the hypothalamus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, high-dose dietary genistein altered the hypothalamic RNA profile and intestinal health of female chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengpeng Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingle Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Song Jin
- Changzhou Animal Disease Control Center , Changzhou 213003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xihui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Debing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang Z, Liu Q, Zang H, Shao Q, Sun T. Oxymatrine protects against l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis and intestine injury involving Th1/Th17 cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB signalling. Pharm Biol 2019; 57:595-603. [PMID: 31496325 PMCID: PMC6746280 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1657906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Context: Oxymatrine (OMT) has various pharmacological effects, including immune reaction regulation, anti-inflammation and anti-hypersensitive reaction. Objective: This is the first report to investigate the molecular mechanism of OMT function in l-arginine (Arg)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) involving intestinal injury. Materials and methods: Rat pancreatic AR42J and small intestinal IEC-6 cells were treated with Arg (200-800 µM) for 48 h plus OMT (4 mg/mL) treatment. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (saline), AP (i.p. of 250 mg/100 g body weight Arg) and OMT (i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg b.w. OMT every 6 h following Arg). Both cells and rats were harvested at 48 h. Results: Arg-induced cell proliferation in both rats AR42J (EC50 633.9 ± 31.4 µM) and IEC-6 cells (EC50 571.3 ± 40.4 µM) in a dose-dependent manner, which was significantly inhibited by OMT (4 mg/mL). Meanwhile, Arg (600 µM) induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, IL-17A/IL-17F and IFN-γ) and activation of p-p38/p-ERK in vitro, which was reversed by OMT. In vivo, OMT (50 mg/kg) inhibited 250 mg/100 g of Arg-induced AP involving intestinal injury, including inhibiting Arg-induced inflammatory in pancreas and intestine, inhibiting Arg-induced increase of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB and p-p38/p-ERK-MAPK signalling, and inhibiting Arg-induced increase of IL-17A/IL-17F, IFN-γ, ROR-γt and T-bet. Meanwhile, OMT inhibited Arg-induced expression of CD44 and CD55 in intestinal injury. Discussion and conclusions: OMT protects against Arg-induced AP involving intestinal injury via regulating Th1/Th17 cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB signalling, which is a promising therapeutic agent in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Zang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingliang Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- CONTACT Qingliang Shao Department of General Surgery, The Peoples’ Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rankovic G, Stankovic V, Zivkovic M, Rankovic B, Laketic D, Potic M, Saranovic M, Rankovic GN. Effects of cinchonine, a Cinchona bark alkaloid, on spontaneous and induced rat ileum contractions. Bratisl Lek Listy 2019; 120:576-580. [PMID: 31379180 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2019_094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM Quinine, a frequently used anti-malaria alkaloid isolated from the Cinchona bark, possesses numerous toxic properties, the majority of which arrive from a dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. Similarly, cinchonine, another alkaloid from the Cinchona bark, displays a great potential for treating malaria (especially the resistant forms). METHODS In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effects of cinchonine on spontaneous and induced Wistar rat ileum contractions in order to uncover potential side effects that might arise after its application. RESULTS Cinchonine produced a concentration-dependent spasmolytic activity, which was found to be reversible (i.e. disappeared after tissue wash-up), with an IC50 value of 273 µM. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of cinchonine at IC50 elucidated through experiments with acetylcholine and Ca2+-induced ileum contractions. The applied IC50 concentration of cinchonine statistically significantly prevented the occurrence of contractions after the application of specific agonist. The obtained results are in a range with the effects seen with standard receptor antagonists, i.e. atropine and verapamil. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results showed that cinchonine inhibited both types of induced contractions, suggesting a Ca2+-channels mediated modus operandi (Fig. 4, Ref. 19).
Collapse
|
49
|
Sharma D, Patel S, Verma K, Gudlawar S, Chakraborty D, Paliwal S, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Antibacterial and antidiarrheal activity of Butea Monospermea bark extract against waterborne enterobacter Cloacae in rodents: In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-Vivo evidences. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 241:112014. [PMID: 31181315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (family Leguminosae), popularly known as 'Palash' possess numerous medicinal properties since ancient times. According to the Wealth of India, stem bark of this plant exhibits various therapeutic properties like antimicrobial, astringent, styptic, aphrodisiac, and anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study was to investigate antibacterial and antidiarrheal effect of B. monosperma bark against newly isolated gram negative pathogenic bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extract of B. monosperma bark (BMAqE) was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis for determination of bioactive components. Antibacterial study of BMAqE was assessed using bacterial growth kinetic study, fluorescence spectroscopy, outer and inner membrane permeability assay, dehydrogenase inhibitory assay and protein leakage assay followed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) study. Antidiarrheal activity was studied using castor oil induced diarrhea model in albino rats followed by histopathology studies of rat ileum. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis of BMAqE revealed presence of twenty-two different active phytoconstituents out of which most of the constituents belong to flavonoid and polyphenol family. BMAqE showed MIC and MBC (IC90) value of 5 and 200 μg/mL against targeted bacterial strain. BMAqE exhibited potent and dose dependent bactericidal effect via disruption of integrity of bacterial cell membrane, enzymatic degradation, leakage of intracellular protein and ruptured bacterial cell. In castor oil induced diarrhea model, BMAqE (200 mg/kg; orally) caused marked reduction (75.66%) in the frequency of defecation and mean weight of faeces (0.54 ± 0.04) when compared to control group (2.26 ± 0.25). Histopathology study revealed marked restoration of cellular architecture of rat ileum tissue. Four known flavonoids were isolated from BMAqE using column chromatography. In ex-vivo study, BMAqE (0.0002, 0.0004 and 0.0006 g/L) and isolated flavonoids i.e. rhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol and catechin (0.5, 5 & 50 μm) produced a significant (p < 0.001) change in EC50 and indicated competitive phenomena via rightward shift of acetylcholine CRC with pA2 of 3.78, 8.0, 7.1, 7.0 and 6.9 respectively. CONCLUSION BMAqE exhibits impressive antibacterial and anti-diarrheal activity and can be effectively used to eradicate water borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Saraswati Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Shiva Gudlawar
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Dipjyoti Chakraborty
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu R, Mei X, Ye Y, Xue T, Wang J, Sun W, Lin C, Xue R, Zhang J, Xu D. Zn(II)-curcumin solid dispersion impairs hepatocellular carcinoma growth and enhances chemotherapy by modulating gut microbiota-mediated zinc homeostasis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104454. [PMID: 31526871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc(II) complexes of curcumin display moderate cytotoxicity towards cancer cells at low micromolar concentrations. However, the clinical use of zinc(II) complexes is hampered by hydrolytic insolubility and poor bioavailability and their anticancer mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of action of a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-k30)-based solid dispersion of Zn(II)-curcumin (ZnCM-SD) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro assays revealed ZnCM-SD not only reduced the viability of HepG2 cells and SK-HEP1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but also potently and synergistically enhanced cell growth inhibition and cell death in response to doxorubicin by regulating cellular zinc homeostasis. ZnCM-SD was internalized into the cells via non-specific endocytosis and degraded to release curcumin and Zn2+ ions within cells. The anticancer effects also occur in vivo in animals following the oral administration of ZnCM-SD, without significantly affecting the weight of the animals. Interestingly, ZnCM-SD did not reduce tumor growth or affect zinc homeostasis in HepG2-bearing mice after gut microbiome depletion. Moreover, administration of ZnCM-SD alone or in combination with doxorubicin significantly attenuated gut dysbiosis and zinc dyshomeostasis in a rat HCC model. Notably, fecal microbiota transplantation revealed the ability of ZnCM-SD to regulate zinc homeostasis and act as a chemosensitizer for doxorubicin were dependent on the gut microbiota. The crucial role of the gut microbiota in the chemosensitizing ability of ZnCM-SD was confirmed by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Collectively, ZnCM-SD could represent a simple, well-tolerated, safe, effective therapy and function as a novel chemosensitizing agent for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Wu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Mei
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibiao Ye
- Department of Hepato-Billiary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxue Xue
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|