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Amanzougaghene N, Tajeri S, Franetich JF, Ashraf K, Soulard V, Bigeard P, Guindo CO, Bouillier C, Lemaitre J, Relouzat F, Legrand R, Kocken CHM, Zeeman AM, Roobsoong W, Sattabongkot J, Yang Z, Snounou G, Mazier D. Azithromycin disrupts apicoplast biogenesis in replicating and dormant liver stages of the relapsing malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium cynomolgi. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107112. [PMID: 38367843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The control and elimination of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is hampered by the threat of relapsed infection resulting from the activation of dormant hepatic hypnozoites. Currently, only the 8-aminoquinolines, primaquine and tafenoquine, have been approved for the elimination of hypnozoites, although their use is hampered by potential toxicity. Therefore, an alternative radical curative drug that safely eliminates hypnozoites is a pressing need. This study assessed the potential hypnozoiticidal activity of the antibiotic azithromycin, which is thought to exert antimalarial activity by inhibiting prokaryote-like ribosomal translation within the apicoplast, an indispensable organelle. The results show that azithromycin inhibited apicoplast development during liver-stage schizogony in P. vivax and Plasmodium cynomolgi, leading to impaired parasite maturation. More importantly, this study found that azithromycin is likely to impair the hypnozoite's apicoplast, resulting in the loss of this organelle. Subsequently, using a recently developed long-term hepatocyte culture system, this study found that this loss likely induces a delay in the hypnozoite activation rate, and that those parasites that do proceed to schizogony display liver-stage arrest prior to differentiating into hepatic merozoites, thus potentially preventing relapse. Overall, this work provides evidence for the potential use of azithromycin for the radical cure of relapsing malaria, and identifies apicoplast functions as potential drug targets in quiescent hypnozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Amanzougaghene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses and Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Shahin Tajeri
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kutub Ashraf
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Soulard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bigeard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cheick Oumar Guindo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Bouillier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses and Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Lemaitre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses and Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Francis Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses and Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Roger Legrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses and Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Clemens H M Kocken
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Zeeman
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong New Town, Kunming, Yunnan Province,China
| | - Georges Snounou
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses and Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France.
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Dhabaan G, Jamal H, Ouellette D, Alexander S, Arane K, Campigotto A, Tadros M, Piché-Renaud PP. Detection of OXA-181 Carbapenemase in Shigella flexneri. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1048-1050. [PMID: 38666725 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the detection of OXA-181 carbapenemase in an azithromycin-resistant Shigella spp. bacteria in an immunocompromised patient. The emergence of OXA-181 in Shigella spp. bacteria raises concerns about the global dissemination of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales and its implications for the treatment of infections caused by Shigella bacteria.
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Yang X, Zhang H, Chan EWC, Zhang R, Chen S. Transmission of azithromycin-resistant gene, erm(T), of Gram-positive bacteria origin to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127636. [PMID: 38359498 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The erm(T) gene encodes the 23 s rRNA methyltransferase and confers erythromycin resistance in Gram-positive bacteria, while has rarely been identified in Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we identified a small IncQ1 plasmid of 6135 bp harboring the erm(T) gene in a clinical K. pneumoniae strain and confirmed the role of the erm(T) gene in mediating azithromycin resistance. This plasmid was found to be generated by incorporating the erm(T) gene from mobile elements into an IncQ1 plasmid. Our data indicated the spread of the erm(T) gene from Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria and the clonal spread of the ST11-KL47 type K. pneumoniae strains carrying this plasmid. Generation of this kind of multi-host plasmid will promote the dissemination of the erm(T) gene among Gram-negative bacteria and result in failures of azithromycin in treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoshuai Zhang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Teker B, Schim van der Loeff M, Hoornenborg E, Boyd A, Reedijk S, van Dam A, Jongen VW, de Vries H. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in clients of the Amsterdam sexual health clinic with a Dutch versus an international sexual network. Sex Transm Infect 2024; 100:173-180. [PMID: 38575313 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2023-055988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES International travel combined with sex may contribute to dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng). To assess the role of travel in Ng strain susceptibility, we compared minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for five antibiotics (ie, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefixime and ciprofloxacin) in strains from clients with an exclusively Dutch sexual network and clients with an additional international sexual network. METHODS From 2013 to 2019, we recorded recent residence of sexual partners of clients (and of their partners) with Ng at the Center for Sexual Health of Amsterdam. We categorised clients as having: (1) exclusively sexual partners residing in the Netherlands ('Dutch only') or (2) at least one partner residing outside the Netherlands. We categorised the country of residence of sexual partners by World Bank/EuroVoc regions. We analysed the difference of log-transformed MIC of Ng strains between categories using linear or hurdle regression for each antibiotic. RESULTS We included 3367 gay and bisexual men who had sex with men (GBMSM), 516 women and 525 men who exclusively had sex with women (MSW) with Ng. Compared with GBMSM with a 'Dutch only' network, GBMSM with: (1) a Western European network had higher MICs for ceftriaxone (β=0.19, 95% CI=0.08 to 0.29), cefotaxime (β=0.19, 95% CI=0.08 to 0.31) and cefixime (β=0.06, 95% CI=0.001 to 0.11); (2) a Southern European network had a higher MIC for cefixime (β=0.10, 95% CI=0.02 to 0.17); and (3) a sub-Saharan African network had a lower MIC for ciprofloxacin (β=-1.79, 95% CI=-2.84 to -0.74). In women and MSW, higher MICs were found for ceftriaxone in clients with a Latin American and Caribbean network (β=0.26, 95% CI=0.02 to 0.51). CONCLUSIONS For three cephalosporin antibiotics, we found Ng strains with slightly higher MICs in clients with partner(s) from Europe or Latin America and the Caribbean. International travel might contribute to the spread of Ng with lower susceptibility. More understanding of the emergence of AMR Ng is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buhari Teker
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schim van der Loeff
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elske Hoornenborg
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Boyd
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Reedijk
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alje van Dam
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vita Willemijn Jongen
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry de Vries
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sun M, Niu J, Zhang Y, Wang M, Shen Y, Chen X, Mao Y, Li Q. Keratin Formed Bioadhesive Ophthalmic Gel for the Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:77. [PMID: 38589761 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin has the potential to function as the gel matrix in an ophthalmic formulation for the encapsulation of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. The quality of this formulation was thoroughly evaluated through various analyses, such as in vitro release assessment, rheological examination, intraocular retention studies in rabbits, assessment of bacteriostatic efficacy, and safety evaluations. It is worth mentioning that the gel demonstrated shear thinning properties and exhibited characteristics of an elastic solid, thereby confirming its structural stability. The gel demonstrated a notable affinity for mucosal surfaces in comparison to traditional azithromycin aqueous solutions. In vitro release testing revealed that drug release transpired via diffusion mechanisms, following a first-order kinetic release pattern. Additionally, the formulated gel exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacteriostatic evaluations. Lastly, safety assessments confirmed that the gel eye drops induced minimal irritation and displayed no apparent cytotoxicity, indicating their good safety and biocompatibility for ocular application. Thus, these findings indicated that the prepared azithromycin gel eye drops complied with the requisite standards for ophthalmic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jialin Niu
- Ophthalmology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Mengrong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yujuan Mao
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qian Li
- School of Life Science & Technology China, Pharmaceutical University24# Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Somajo S, Nilsson F, Ekelund O, Unemo M. Detection of antimicrobial resistance in <5 h in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates using flow cytometry-proof of concept for seven clinically relevant antimicrobials. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:815-819. [PMID: 38334417 PMCID: PMC10984928 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae compromises gonorrhoea treatment and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) would be valuable. We have developed a rapid and accurate flow cytometry method (FCM) for AST of gonococci. METHODS The 2016 WHO gonococcal reference strains, and WHO Q, R and S (n = 17) were tested against seven clinically relevant antibiotics (ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, spectinomycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and gentamicin). After 4.5 h incubation of inoculated broth, the fluorescent dye Syto™ 9 was added, followed by FCM analysis. After gating, the relative remaining population of gonococci, compared with unexposed growth control samples, was plotted against antimicrobial concentration, followed by non-linear curve regression analysis. Furthermore, the response at one single concentration/tested antibiotic was evaluated with the intention to use as a screening test for detection of resistant gonococci. RESULTS A dose-dependent response was seen in susceptible isolates for all tested antimicrobials. There was a clear separation between susceptible/WT and resistant/non-WT isolates for ceftriaxone, cefixime, spectinomycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. In contrast, for azithromycin, only high-level-resistant isolates were distinguished, while resistant isolates with MICs of 4 mg/L were indistinguishable from WT (MIC ≤ 1 mg/L) isolates. For gentamicin, all tested 17 isolates were WT and FCM analysis resulted in uniform dose-response curves. Using a single antibiotic concentration and a 50% remaining cell population cut-off, the overall sensitivity and specificity for resistance detection were 93% and 99%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS By providing results in <5 h for gonococcal isolates, FCM-based AST can become a rapid screening method for antimicrobial resistance or antimicrobial susceptibility in gonococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Somajo
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Frida Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Kronoberg, Växjö/Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Oskar Ekelund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Kronoberg, Växjö/Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Magnus Unemo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Luo XW, Li PL, Zhai YJ, Pan YS, Hu GZ, He DD. Upregulation of outer membrane porin gene ompC contributed to enhancement of azithromycin susceptibility in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0391823. [PMID: 38441474 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03918-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) in gram-negative bacteria contains proteins that regulate the passive or active uptake of small molecules for growth and cell function, as well as mediate the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms for restoring bacteria to azithromycin susceptibility based on transcriptome analysis of bacterial membrane-related genes. Transcriptome sequencing was performed by treating multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli T28R with azithromycin or in combination with colistin and confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Azithromycin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, ompC gene overexpression, and molecular docking were utilized to conduct the confirmatory research of the potential mechanisms. We found that colistin combined with azithromycin led to 48 differentially expressed genes, compared to azithromycin alone, such as downregulation of tolA, eptB, lpxP, and opgE and upregulation of ompC gene. Interestingly, the addition of colistin to azithromycin differentially downregulated the mph(A) gene mediating azithromycin resistance, facilitating the intracellular accumulation of azithromycin. Also, overexpression of the ompC elevated azithromycin susceptibility, and colistin contributed to further suppression of the Mph(A) activity in the presence of azithromycin. These findings suggested that colistin firstly enhanced the permeability of bacterial OM, causing intracellular drug accumulation, and then had a repressive effect on the Mph(A) activity along with azithromycin. Our study provides a novel perspective that the improvement of azithromycin susceptibility is related not only to the downregulation of the mph(A) gene and conformational remodeling of the Mph(A) protein but also the upregulation of the membrane porin gene ompC.IMPORTANCEUsually, active efflux via efflux pumps is an important mechanism of antimicrobial resistance, such as the AcrAB-TolC complex and MdtEF. Also, bacterial porins exhibited a substantial fraction of the total number of outer membrane proteins in Enterobacteriaceae, which are involved in mediating the development of the resistance. We found that the upregulation or overexpression of the ompC gene contributed to the enhancement of resistant bacteria to azithromycin susceptibility, probably due to the augment of drug uptakes caused and the opportunity of Mph(A) function suppressed by azithromycin with colistin. Under the combination of colistin and azithromycin treatment, OmpC exhibited an increased selectivity for cationic molecules and played a key role in the restoral of the antibiotic susceptibility. Investigations on the regulation of porin expression that mediated drug resistance would be important in clinical isolates treated with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng-Liang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shan Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gong-Zheng Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abruzzo A, Pucci R, Abruzzo PM, Canaider S, Parolin C, Vitali B, Valle F, Brucale M, Cerchiara T, Luppi B, Bigucci F. Azithromycin-loaded liposomes and niosomes for the treatment of skin infections: Influence of excipients and preparative methods on the functional properties. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114233. [PMID: 38387849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop azithromycin (AZT)-loaded liposomes (LP) and niosomes (NS) useful for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and acne. LP based on phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (EPC) or from soybean lecithin (SPC), and NS composed of sorbitan monopalmitate (Span 40) or sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) were prepared through the thin film hydration (TFH) and the ethanol injection (EI) methods. The formulations were subsequently characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. Vesicles prepared through TFH showed higher average sizes than the corresponding formulations obtained by EI. All the vesicles presented adequate encapsulation efficiency and a negative ζ potential, which assured good stability during the storage period (except for LP-SPC). Formulations prepared with TFH showed a more prolonged AZT release than those prepared through EI, due to their lower surface area and multilamellar structure, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy nanomechanical characterization. Finally, among all the formulations, NS-Span 40-TFH and LP-EPC-TFH allowed the highest drug accumulation in the skin, retained the antimicrobial activity and did not alter fibroblast metabolism and viability. Overall, they could ensure to minimize the dosing and the administration frequency, thus representing promising candidates for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abruzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - R Pucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - P M Abruzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - S Canaider
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - C Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - B Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - F Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - M Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - T Cerchiara
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - B Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - F Bigucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via San Donato 19/2, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Wan Y, Lin Y, Tan X, Gong L, Lei F, Wang C, Sun X, Du X, Zhang Z, Jiang J, Liu Z, Wang J, Zhou X, Wang S, Zhou X, Jing P, Zhong Z. Injectable Hydrogel To Deliver Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preloaded with Azithromycin To Promote Spinal Cord Repair. ACS Nano 2024; 18:8934-8951. [PMID: 38483284 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a disease that causes severe damage to the central nervous system. Currently, there is no cure for spinal cord injury. Azithromycin is commonly used as an antibiotic, but it can also exert anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating M1-type macrophage genes and up-regulating M2-type macrophage genes, which may make it effective for treating spinal cord injury. Bone mesenchymal stem cells possess tissue regenerative capabilities that may help promote the repair of the injured spinal cord. In this study, our objective was to explore the potential of promoting repair in the injured spinal cord by delivering bone mesenchymal stem cells that had internalized nanoparticles preloaded with azithromycin. To achieve this objective, we formulated azithromycin into nanoparticles along with a trans-activating transcriptional activator, which should enhance nanoparticle uptake by bone mesenchymal stem cells. These stem cells were then incorporated into an injectable hydrogel. The therapeutic effects of this formulation were analyzed in vitro using a mouse microglial cell line and a human neuroblastoma cell line, as well as in vivo using a rat model of spinal cord injury. The results showed that the formulation exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in vitro as well as therapeutic effects in vivo. These results highlight the potential of a hydrogel containing bone mesenchymal stem cells preloaded with azithromycin and trans-activating transcriptional activator to mitigate spinal cord injury and promote tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Ultrasound Medicine Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lingyi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Fei Lei
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Changguang Wang
- DataRevive USA, LLC, 30 W Gude Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xiaoduan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xingjie Du
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shuzao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Pei Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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10
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Asad A, Jahan I, Munni MA, Begum R, Mukta MA, Saif K, Faruque SN, Hayat S, Islam Z. Multidrug-resistant conjugative plasmid carrying mphA confers increased antimicrobial resistance in Shigella. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6947. [PMID: 38521802 PMCID: PMC10960829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis remains a common gastrointestinal disease mostly in children < 5 years of age in developing countries. Azithromycin (AZM), a macrolide, is currently the first-line treatment for shigellosis in Bangladesh; ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ceftriaxone (CRO) are also used frequently. We aimed to evaluate the current epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and mechanism(s) of increasing macrolide resistance in Shigella in Bangladesh. A total of 2407 clinical isolates of Shigella from 2009 to 2016 were studied. Over the study period, Shigella sonnei was gradually increasing and become predominant (55%) over Shigella flexneri (36%) by 2016. We used CLSI-guided epidemiological cut-off value (ECV) for AZM in Shigella to set resistance breakpoints (zone-diameter ≤ 15 mm for S. flexneri and ≤ 11 mm for S. sonnei). Between 2009 and 2016, AZM resistance increased from 22% to approximately 60%, CIP resistance increased by 40%, and CRO resistance increased from zero to 15%. The mphA gene was the key macrolide resistance factor in Shigella; a 63MDa conjugative middle-range plasmid was harboring AZM and CRO resistance factors. Our findings show that, especially after 2014, there has been a rapid increase in resistance to the three most effective antibiotics. The rapid spread of macrolide (AZM) resistance genes among Shigella are driven by horizontal gene transfer rather than direct lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Asad
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Moriam Akter Munni
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ruma Begum
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Morium Akter Mukta
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Saif
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Nayeem Faruque
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shoma Hayat
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Axis, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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11
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Hinnu M, Putrinš M, Kogermann K, Kaldalu N, Tenson T. Fluorescent reporters give new insights into antibiotics-induced nonsense and frameshift mistranslation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6883. [PMID: 38519558 PMCID: PMC10959953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a reporter system based on simultaneous expression of two fluorescent proteins: GFP as a reporter of the capacity of protein synthesis and mutated mScarlet-I as a reporter of translational errors. Because of the unique stop codons or frameshift mutations introduced into the mScarlet-I gene, red fluorescence was produced only after a mistranslation event. These reporters allowed us to estimate mistranslation at a single cell level using either flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. We found that laboratory strains of Escherichia coli are more prone to mistranslation compared to the clinical isolates. As relevant for uropathogenic E. coli, growth in human urine elevated translational frameshifting compared to standard laboratory media, whereas different standard media had a small effect on translational fidelity. Antibiotic-induced mistranslation was studied by using amikacin (aminoglycoside family) and azithromycin (macrolide family). Bactericidal amikacin induced preferably stop-codon readthrough at a moderate level. Bacteriostatic azithromycin on the other hand induced both frameshifting and stop-codon readthrough at much higher level. Single cell analysis revealed that fluorescent reporter-protein signal can be lost due to leakage from a fraction of bacteria in the presence of antibiotics, demonstrating the complexity of the antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliis Hinnu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Marta Putrinš
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Niilo Kaldalu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Salillas S, Raaijmakers J, Aarnoutse RE, Svensson EM, Asouit K, van den Hombergh E, te Brake L, Stemkens R, Wertheim HFL, Hoefsloot W, van Ingen J. Clofazimine as a substitute for rifampicin improves efficacy of Mycobacterium avium pulmonary disease treatment in the hollow-fiber model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0115723. [PMID: 38259101 PMCID: PMC10916390 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01157-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease is treated with an azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampicin regimen, with limited efficacy. The role of rifampicin is controversial due to inactivity, adverse effects, and drug interactions. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of clofazimine as a substitute for rifampicin in an intracellular hollow-fiber infection model. THP-1 cells, which are monocytes isolated from peripheral blood from an acute monocytic leukemia patient, were infected with M. avium ATCC 700898 and exposed to a regimen of azithromycin and ethambutol with either rifampicin or clofazimine. Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic profiles of azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampicin were simulated. For clofazimine, a steady-state average concentration was targeted. Drug concentrations and bacterial densities were monitored over 21 days. Exposures to azithromycin and ethambutol were 20%-40% lower than targeted but within clinically observed ranges. Clofazimine exposures were 1.7 times higher than targeted. Until day 7, both regimens were able to maintain stasis. Thereafter, regrowth was observed for the rifampicin-containing regimen, while the clofazimine-containing regimen yielded a 2 Log10 colony forming unit (CFU) per mL decrease in bacterial load. The clofazimine regimen also successfully suppressed the emergence of macrolide tolerance. In summary, substitution of rifampicin with clofazimine in the hollow-fiber model improved the antimycobacterial activity of the regimen. Clofazimine-containing regimens merit investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Salillas
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Raaijmakers
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob E. Aarnoutse
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elin M. Svensson
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Khalid Asouit
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik van den Hombergh
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lindsey te Brake
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ralf Stemkens
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heiman F. L. Wertheim
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hoefsloot
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jakko van Ingen
- Radboudumc Community for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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13
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Ianiski LB, Maciel AF, Colla ACN, Braga CQ, Sangioni LA, Pal M, Pereira DIB, Santurio JM, Botton SDA. Pythium insidiosum: In vitro oomicidal evaluation of telithromycin and interactions with azithromycin and amorolfine hydrochloride. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101460. [PMID: 38266397 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the repositioning of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin (TLT) against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum and verified the combination of TLT and the antimicrobials azithromycin (AZM) and amorolfine hydrochloride (AMR), which have known anti-P. insidiosum activity. Susceptibility tests of P. insidiosum isolates (n = 20) against the drugs were carried out according to CLSI protocol M38-A2, and their combinations were evaluated using the checkerboard microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.5-4 µg/mL for TLT, 2-32 µg/mL for AZM, and 16-64 µg/mL for AMR. For the TLT+AZM combination, 52.75 % of interactions were indifferent, 43.44 % were antagonistic, and 9.70 % were synergistic. As for interactions of the TLT+AMR combination, 60.43 % were indifferent, 39.12 % were antagonistic, and 10.44 % synergistic interactions. This study is the first to evaluate the repositioning of the antibacterial TLT against mammalian pathogenic oomycetes, and our results show that its isolated action is superior to its combinations with either AZM or AMR. Therefore, we recommend including TLT in future research to evaluate therapeutic approaches in different clinical forms of human and animal pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Baccarin Ianiski
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Saúde Única, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) e de Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima N° 1000, Prédio 44, sala 5132, CEP, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Fontanella Maciel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Saúde Única, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) e de Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima N° 1000, Prédio 44, sala 5132, CEP, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Nolasco Colla
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Saúde Única, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) e de Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima N° 1000, Prédio 44, sala 5132, CEP, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Antônio Sangioni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Saúde Única, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) e de Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima N° 1000, Prédio 44, sala 5132, CEP, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mahendra Pal
- Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, Bharuch, India
| | | | - Janio Morais Santurio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Saúde Única, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) e de Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima N° 1000, Prédio 44, sala 5132, CEP, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Saúde Única, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) e de Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima N° 1000, Prédio 44, sala 5132, CEP, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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14
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Rodríguez-Moreno CB, Cañeque-Rufo H, Flor-García M, Terreros-Roncal J, Moreno-Jiménez EP, Pallas-Bazarra N, Bressa C, Larrosa M, Cafini F, Llorens-Martín M. Azithromycin preserves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior in a mouse model of sepsis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:135-148. [PMID: 38211636 PMCID: PMC7615685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampus can generate new neurons throughout life. Known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), this process participates in learning, memory, mood regulation, and forgetting. The continuous incorporation of new neurons enhances the plasticity of the hippocampus and contributes to the cognitive reserve in aged individuals. However, the integrity of AHN is targeted by numerous pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and sustained inflammation. In this regard, the latter causes cognitive decline, mood alterations, and multiple AHN impairments. In fact, the systemic administration of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli to mice (a model of sepsis) triggers depression-like behavior, impairs pattern separation, and decreases the survival, maturation, and synaptic integration of adult-born hippocampal dentate granule cells. Here we tested the capacity of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin to neutralize the deleterious consequences of LPS administration in female C57BL6J mice. This antibiotic exerted potent neuroprotective effects. It reversed the increased immobility time during the Porsolt test, hippocampal secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and AHN impairments. Moreover, azithromycin promoted the synaptic integration of adult-born neurons and functionally remodeled the gut microbiome. Therefore, our data point to azithromycin as a clinically relevant drug with the putative capacity to ameliorate the negative consequences of chronic inflammation by modulating AHN and hippocampal-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Cañeque-Rufo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Miguel Flor-García
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Terreros-Roncal
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena P Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Pallas-Bazarra
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Cafini
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Frost KM, Charron-Smith SL, Cotsonas TC, Dimartino DC, Eisenhart RC, Everingham ET, Holland EC, Imtiaz K, Kornowicz CJ, Lenhard LE, Lynch LH, Moore NP, Phadke K, Reed ML, Smith SR, Ward LL, Wadsworth CB. Rolling the evolutionary dice: Neisseria commensals as proxies for elucidating the underpinnings of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and evolution in human pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0350723. [PMID: 38179941 PMCID: PMC10871548 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03507-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Species within the genus Neisseria are adept at sharing adaptive allelic variation, with commensal species repeatedly transferring resistance to their pathogenic relative Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, resistance in commensals is infrequently characterized, limiting our ability to predict novel and potentially transferable resistance mechanisms that ultimately may become important clinically. Unique evolutionary starting places of each Neisseria species will have distinct genomic backgrounds, which may ultimately control the fate of evolving populations in response to selection as epistatic and additive interactions coerce lineages along divergent evolutionary trajectories. Alternatively, similar genetic content present across species due to shared ancestry may constrain existing adaptive solutions. Thus, identifying the paths to resistance across commensals may aid in characterizing the Neisseria resistome-or the reservoir of alleles within the genus as well as its depth. Here, we use in vitro evolution of four commensal species to investigate the potential and repeatability of resistance evolution to two antimicrobials, the macrolide azithromycin and the β-lactam penicillin. After 20 days of selection, commensals evolved resistance to penicillin and azithromycin in 11/16 and 12/16 cases, respectively. Almost all cases of resistance emergence converged on mutations within ribosomal components or the mtrRCDE efflux pump for azithromycin-based selection and mtrRCDE, penA, and rpoB for penicillin selection, thus supporting constrained adaptive solutions despite divergent evolutionary starting points across the genus for these particular drugs. Though drug-selected loci were limited, we do identify novel resistance-imparting mutations. Continuing to explore paths to resistance across different experimental conditions and genomic backgrounds, which could shunt evolution down alternative evolutionary trajectories, will ultimately flesh out the full Neisseria resistome.IMPORTANCENeisseria gonorrhoeae is a global threat to public health due to its rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance to all first-line treatments. Recent work has documented that alleles acquired from close commensal relatives have played a large role in the emergence of resistance to macrolides and beta-lactams within gonococcal populations. However, commensals have been relatively underexplored for the resistance genotypes they may harbor. This leaves a gap in our understanding of resistance that could be rapidly acquired by the gonococcus through a known highway of horizontal gene exchange. Here, we characterize resistance mechanisms that can emerge in commensal Neisseria populations via in vitro selection to multiple antimicrobials and begin to define the number of paths to resistance. This study, and other similar works, may ultimately aid both surveillance efforts and clinical diagnostic development by nominating novel and conserved resistance mechanisms that may be at risk of rapid dissemination to pathogen populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Frost
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sierra L. Charron-Smith
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Terence C. Cotsonas
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C. Dimartino
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Rachel C. Eisenhart
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eric T. Everingham
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Elle C. Holland
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kainat Imtiaz
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Cory J. Kornowicz
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lydia E. Lenhard
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Liz H. Lynch
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nadia P. Moore
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kavya Phadke
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Makayla L. Reed
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Samantha R. Smith
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Liza L. Ward
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Crista B. Wadsworth
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
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16
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Pandya CD, Vekaria HJ, Zamorano M, Trout AL, Ritzel RM, Guzman GU, Bolden C, Sullivan PG, Gensel JC, Miller BA. Azithromycin reduces hemoglobin-induced innate neuroimmune activation. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114574. [PMID: 37852468 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) releases blood products into the lateral ventricles and brain parenchyma. There are currently no medical treatments for IVH and surgery is used to treat a delayed effect of IVH, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. However, surgery is not a cure for intrinsic brain injury from IVH, and is performed in a subacute time frame. Like many neurological diseases and injuries, innate immune activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of IVH. Innate immune activation is a pharmaceutically targetable mechanism to reduce brain injury and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus after IVH. Here, we tested the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin, which has immunomodulatory properties, to reduce innate immune activation in an in vitro model of microglial activation using the blood product hemoglobin (Hgb). We then utilized azithromycin in our in vivo model of IVH, using intraventricular blood injection into the lateral ventricle of post-natal day 5 rat pups. In both models, azithromycin modulated innate immune activation by several outcome measures including mitochondrial bioenergetic analysis, cytokine expression and flow cytometric analysis. This suggests that azithromycin, which is safe for neonates, could hold promise for modulating innate immune activation after IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu D Pandya
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science (CATSS), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Miriam Zamorano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, United States of America
| | - Amanda L Trout
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science (CATSS), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States of America
| | - Gary U Guzman
- Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States of America
| | - Christopher Bolden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, United States of America
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States of America
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Brandon A Miller
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, United States of America.
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Müller EE, Gumede LYE, Maseko DV, Mahlangu MP, Venter JME, Da Costa Dias B, Nhlapho D, Kularatne RS. Emergence of high-level azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae causing male urethritis in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2021. Sex Health 2024; 21:NULL. [PMID: 38029797 DOI: 10.1071/sh23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Africa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae , which is the predominant cause of male urethritis, is treated syndromically using dual ceftriaxone and azithromycin therapy. We determined antimicrobial susceptibilities of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from urethral discharge specimens, and genetically characterised those with elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for first-line antimicrobials. METHODS Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of N. gonorrhoeae isolates included E-test for ceftriaxone, cefixime and gentamicin and agar dilution for azithromycin and spectinomycin. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Sequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance (NG-STAR) was performed for isolates with elevated MICs to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Multi-Antigen Sequence Typing (NG-MAST) was used to determine strain relatedness. RESULTS N. gonorrhoeae was cultured from urethral discharge swab specimens obtained from 196 of 238 (82.4%) men presenting to a primary healthcare facility in Johannesburg in 2021. All viable isolates were susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Four isolates had high azithromycin MICs ranging from 32mg/L to >256mg/L and grouped into two novel NG-MAST and NG-STAR groups. Two isolates from Group 1 (NG-MAST ST20366, NG-STAR ST4322) contained mutated mtrR (G45D) and 23S rRNA (A2059G) alleles, while the two isolates from Group 2 (NG-MAST ST20367, NG-STAR ST4323) had different mutations in mtrR (A39T) and 23S rRNA (C2611T). CONCLUSIONS We report the first cases of high-level azithromycin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae from South Africa. Continued AMR surveillance is critical to detect increasing azithromycin resistance prevalence in N. gonorrhoeae , which may justify future modifications to the STI syndromic management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne E Müller
- Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lindy Y E Gumede
- Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dumisile V Maseko
- Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mahlape P Mahlangu
- Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Johanna M E Venter
- Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bianca Da Costa Dias
- Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nhlapho
- Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ranmini S Kularatne
- Centre for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; and Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; and Present address: Labtests Auckland and Northland Pathology, Mt Wellington, Auckland, New Zealand
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Leroy AG, Caillon J, Broquet A, Lemabecque V, Delanou S, Caroff N, Asehnoune K, Roquilly A, Crémet L. Azithromycin regulates bacterial virulence and immune response in a murine model of ceftazidime-treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute pneumonia. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:27-35. [PMID: 38073281 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) remains one of the leading causes of nosocomial acute pneumonia. The array of virulence factors expressed by PA and the intense immune response associated with PA pneumonia play a major role in the severity of these infections. New therapeutic approaches are needed to overcome the high resistance of PA to antibiotics and to reduce the direct damage to host tissues. Through its immunomodulatory and anti-virulence effects, azithromycin (AZM) has demonstrated clinical benefits in patients with chronic PA respiratory infections. However, there is relatively little evidence in PA acute pneumonia. We investigated the effects of AZM, as an adjunctive therapy combined with ceftazidime (CAZ), in a murine model of PA acute pneumonia. We observed that the combined therapy (i) reduces the weight loss of mice 24 h post-infection (hpi), (ii) decreases neutrophil influx into the lungs at 6 and 24 hpi, while this effect is absent in a LPS-induced pneumonia or when PA is pretreated with antibiotics and mice do not receive any antibiotics, and that (iii) AZM, alone or with CAZ, modulates the expression of PA quorum sensing regulators and virulence factors (LasI, LasA, PqsE, PhzM, ExoS). Our findings support beneficial effects of AZM with CAZ on PA acute pneumonia by both bacterial virulence and immune response modulations. Further investigations are needed to clarify the exact underlying mechanisms responsible for the reduction of the neutrophils influx and to better discriminate between direct immunomodulatory properties of AZM, and indirect effects on neutrophilia resulting from bacterial virulence modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-G Leroy
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - J Caillon
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - A Broquet
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - V Lemabecque
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - S Delanou
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - N Caroff
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - K Asehnoune
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
- Service Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - A Roquilly
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
- Service Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - L Crémet
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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Akinosoglou K, Tsiakalos A, Dimopoulou ID, Schinas G, Polyzou E, Kourea-Kremastinou J, Pitiriga VC. Antimicrobial resistance rates of urogenital Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a Greek survey, 2014 to 2022. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:120-125. [PMID: 38017085 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant urogenital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas has been gradually increasing over the years, leading to greater concern for accurate diagnosis and treatment. In this study, the antimicrobial resistance trends in Greece were analyzed using 2992 Ureaplasma spp. and 371 M. hominis isolates collected between 2014 and 2022. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined using eight different antimicrobial agents (josamycin, pristinamycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and doxycycline), with the data analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Resistance rates to clindamycin and erythromycin increased for both M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp., while remaining relatively low for Tetracycline, Doxycycline, and Ofloxacin. For Ureaplasma spp., high susceptibility was observed to pristinamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, and josamycin, and intermediate susceptibility to erythromycin. However, the resistance rate for clindamycin dramatically increased from 60% in 2014 to a peak of 98.46% in 2021, and the erythromycin resistance rate increased from 9.54% in 2018 to 22.13% in 2021. M. hominis exhibited consistently high resistance rates to Erythromycin, while Azithromycin resistance significantly increased over time, from 52.78% in 2017 to 97.22% in 2022. The alarming escalation in antibiotic-resistant urogenital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in the Greek population is a significant concern. Antibiotic overconsumption may have played a crucial role in increasing resistance trends. The implementation of nationwide surveillance systems, proper antibiotic stewardship policies, and appropriate culture-based therapy policies are necessary to effectively control this emerging risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Akinosoglou
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.
| | | | - Ioanna D Dimopoulou
- Bioiatriki Healthcare Group, Kifisias 132 and Papada Street, 115 26, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Polyzou
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | | | - Vassiliki C Pitiriga
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Arasu Y, Bryan E, Russell FA, Huettner N, Carey AJ, Boyd BJ, Beagley KW, Dargaville TR. Enhanced clearance of C. muridarum infection using azithromycin-loaded liposomes. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123709. [PMID: 38101758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular bacterium which infects around 129 million people annually. Despite similar infection rates between sexes, most research investigating the effects of chlamydial infection on fertility has focused on females. There is now emerging evidence of a potential link between Chlamydia and impaired male fertility. The only treatments for chlamydial infection are antibiotics, with azithromycin (AZI) being one of the commonly used drugs. However, recent studies have suggested that optimizing the treatment regime is necessary, as higher concentrations of AZI may be required to effectively clear the infection in certain cell types, particularly testicular macrophages. To address this challenge, we have prepared liposomes consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) loaded with AZI for clearing Chlamydia. These liposomes exhibited stability over time and were readily taken up by both macrophages and epithelial cells. Moreover, they demonstrated significant enhancement of chlamydial clearance in both cell types. In a mouse model, the drug-loaded liposomes cleared Chlamydia within the penile urethra more efficiently than the same dose of unencapsulated drug. Furthermore, the liposome-drug treatment showed significant protective effects on sperm motility and morphology, suggesting potential benefits in reducing sperm damage caused by the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanushia Arasu
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emily Bryan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Freya A Russell
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nick Huettner
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison J Carey
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim R Dargaville
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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21
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李 梦, 杨 桂, 王 有, 雍 刚, 王 红, 别 明, 王 国. [Establishment and Evaluation of a Resazurin-Based Microdilution Assay for Microbial Sensitivity Test of Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 55:198-203. [PMID: 38322510 PMCID: PMC10839469 DOI: 10.12182/20240160209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective To establish and evaluate a microbial sensitivity test method for Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on resazurin coloration. Methods Based on the broth microdilution method, resazurin was added as a live bacteria indicator. WHO G, a WHO gonococcal reference strain, was used to optimize the incubation time for resazurin-stained bacteria and the color change was visually observed to obtain the results. Agar dilution method (the gold standard) and resazurin-based microdilution assay were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin for 3 reference strains and 32 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The results were analyzed based on essential agreement (EA), which reflected the consistency of the MIC values, category agreement (CA), which reflected the consistency in the determination of drug resistance, intermediary, and sensitivity, very major error (VME), which reflected false sensitivity, and major error (ME), which reflected pseudo drug resistance, to evaluate the accuracy of resazurin-based microdilution assay as a microbial sensitivity test of of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. CA and EA rates≥90% and VME and ME rates≤3% were found to be the acceptable performance rates. Results The results obtained 6 hours after resazurin was added were consistent with those of the agar dilution method and the resazurin-based microdilution assay was established accordingly based on this parameter. The EA of resazurin-based microdilution assay for measuring the MIC results of azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin was 97.1%, 91.5%, and 94.3%, respectively, and the CA was 88.6%, 94.3%, and 94.3%, respectively. The VME was 0% for all three antibiotics, while the ME was 11.4%, 5.7%, and 5.7%, respectively. Conclusion The resazurin-based microdilution assay established in this study showed good agreement with agar dilution method for measuring the MIC of antibiotics against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Moreover, the sensitivity results of this method were highly reliable and could be easily obtained through naked eye observation. Nonetheless, the results of drug resistance should be treated with caution and the optimization of parameters should be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- 梦欢 李
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 桂琴 杨
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 有为 王
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 刚 雍
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 红仁 王
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 明江 别
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院 临床医学检验中心 (成都 610072)Clinical Laboratory Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - 国庆 王
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 (成都 610041)West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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El-Banna TES, Sonbol FI, Kamer AMA, Badr SAMM. Genetic diversity of macrolides resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and the potential synergistic effect of vitamins, C and K 3. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:30. [PMID: 38245680 PMCID: PMC10799532 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrolide antibiotics have been extensively used for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, the emergence of macrolide-resistant strains of S. aureus has become a major concern for public health. The molecular mechanisms underlying macrolide resistance in S. aureus are complex and diverse, involving both target site modification and efflux pump systems. In this study, we aim to overcome the molecular diversity of macrolide resistance mechanisms in S. aureus by identifying common molecular targets that could be exploited for the development of novel therapeutics. METHODS About 300 Staphylococcus aureus different isolates were recovered and purified from 921 clinical specimen including urine (88), blood (156), sputum (264), nasal swabs (168), pus (181) and bone (39) collected from different departments in Tanta University Hospital. Macrolide resistant isolates were detected and tested for Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). Gel electrophoresis was performed after the D test and PCR reaction for erm(A), (B), (C), msr(A), and mph(C) genes. Finally, we tried different combinations of Erythromycin or Azithromycin antibiotics with either vitamin K3 or vitamin C. RESULTS Macrolide resistance S. aureus isolates exhibited 7 major resistance patterns according to number of resistance markers and each pattern included sub patterns or subgroups. The PCR amplified products of different erm genes; analysis recorded different phenotypes of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates according to their different genotypes. In addition, our new tested combinations of Erythromycin and vitamin C, Erythromycin, and vitamin K3, Azithromycin and vitamin C and Azithromycin and vitamin K3 showed significant antibacterial effect when using every antibiotic alone. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of macrolide resistance in S. aureus and offer potential strategies for the development of novel protocols to overcome this emerging public health threat.
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Rafetrarivony LF, Rabenandrasana MAN, Hariniaina ER, Randrianirina F, Smith AM, Crucitti T. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from patients attending a medical laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar between 2014 and 2020: phenotypical and genomic characterisation in a subset of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. Sex Transm Infect 2024; 100:25-30. [PMID: 37945345 PMCID: PMC10850657 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2023-055878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is a concern. Little is known about antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated genetic resistance mechanisms of NG in Madagascar. We report susceptibility data of NG isolates obtained by the medical laboratory (CBC) of the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar, during 2014-2020. We present antimicrobial resistance mechanisms data and phenotype profiles of a subset of isolates. METHODS We retrieved retrospective data (N=395) from patients with NG isolated during 2014-2020 by the CBC. We retested 46 viable isolates including 6 found ceftriaxone and 2 azithromycin resistant, as well as 33 isolated from 2020. We determined minimal inhibitory concentrations for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, penicillin, tetracycline and spectinomycin using Etest. We obtained whole-genome sequences and identified the gene determinants associated with antimicrobial resistance and the sequence types (STs). RESULTS Over the study period, ceftriaxone-resistant isolates exceeded the threshold of 5% in 2017 (7.4% (4 of 54)) and 2020 (7.1% (3 of 42)). All retested isolates were found susceptible to ceftriaxone, azithromycin and spectinomycin, and resistant to ciprofloxacin. The majority were resistant to penicillin (83% (38 of 46)) and tetracycline (87% (40 of 46)). We detected chromosomal mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in gyrA, parC, penA, ponA, porB and mtrR genes. None of the retested isolates carried the mosaic penA gene. The high rate of resistance to penicillin and tetracycline is explained by the presence of bla TEM (94.7% (36 of 38)) and tetM (97.5% (39 of 40)). We found a high number of circulating multilocus STs. Almost half of them were new types, and one new type was among the four most predominant. CONCLUSIONS Our report provides a detailed dataset obtained through phenotypical and genotypical methods which will serve as a baseline for future surveillance of NG. We could not confirm the occurrence of ceftriaxone-resistant isolates. Our results highlight the importance of implementing quality-assured gonococcal antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Marius Smith
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tania Crucitti
- Experimental Bacteriology, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Xu PX, Ren HY, Zhao N, Jin XJ, Wen BH, Qin T. Distribution characteristics of the Legionella CRISPR-Cas system and its regulatory mechanism underpinning phenotypic function. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0022923. [PMID: 38099659 PMCID: PMC10790817 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00229-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Legionella is a common intracellular parasitic bacterium that infects humans via the respiratory tract, causing Legionnaires' disease, with fever and pneumonia as the main symptoms. The emergence of highly virulent and azithromycin-resistant Legionella pneumophila is a major challenge in clinical anti-infective therapy. The CRISPR-Cas acquired immune system provides immune defense against foreign nucleic acids and regulates strain biological functions. However, the distribution of the CRISPR-Cas system in Legionella and how it regulates gene expression in L. pneumophila remain unclear. Herein, we assessed 915 Legionella whole-genome sequences to determine the distribution characteristics of the CRISPR-Cas system and constructed gene deletion mutants to explore the regulation of the system based on growth ability in vitro, antibiotic sensitivity, and intracellular proliferation of L. pneumophila. The CRISPR-Cas system in Legionella was predominantly Type II-B and was mainly concentrated in the genome of L. pneumophila ST1 strains. The Type II-B CRISPR-Cas system showed no effect on the strain's growth ability in vitro but significantly reduced resistance to azithromycin and decreased proliferation ability due to regulation of the lpeAB efflux pump and the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Thus, the Type II-B CRISPR-Cas system plays a crucial role in regulating the virulence of L. pneumophila. This expands our understanding of drug resistance and pathogenicity in Legionella, provides a scientific basis for the prevention of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks and the rational use of clinical drugs, and facilitates effective treatment of Legionnaires' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Hai Wen
- Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Tarique AA, Tuladhar N, Kelk D, Begum N, Lucas RM, Luo L, Stow JL, Wainwright CE, Bell SC, Sly PD, Fantino E. Azithromycin Augments Bacterial Uptake and Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:166. [PMID: 38247856 PMCID: PMC10813867 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin (AZM) is widely being used for treating patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) following clinical trials demonstrating improved lung function and fewer incidents of pulmonary exacerba-tions. While the precise mechanisms remain elusive, immunomodulatory actions are thought to be involved. We previously reported impaired phagocytosis and defective anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in CF. This study systematically analyzed the effect of AZM on the functions of unpolarized and M1/M2 polarized macrophages in CF. METHODS Monocytes, isolated from the venous blood of patients with CF (pwCF) and healthy controls (HCs), were differentiated into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and subsequently infected with P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa uptake and killing by MDMs in the presence or absence of AZM was studied. M1 and M2 macrophage polarizations were induced and their functions and cytokine release were analyzed. RESULTS Following AZM treatment, both HC and CF MDMs exhibited a significant increase in P. aeruginosa uptake and killing, however, lysosomal acidification remained unchanged. AZM treatment led to higher activation of ERK1/2 in both HC and CF MDMs. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 using U0126 significantly reduced P. aeruginosa uptake in HC MDMs. M1 macrophage polarization remained unaffected; however, AZM treatment led to increased IL-6 and IL-10 release in both HC and CF M1 macrophages. AZM also significantly increased the phagocytic index for both pHrodo E. coli and S. aureus in CF M1 macrophages. In CF, AZM treatment promoted anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, with an increased percentage of CD209+ M2 macrophages, induction of the M2 gene CCL18, along with its secretion in the culture supernatant. However, AZM d'd not restore endocytosis in CF, another essential feature of M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the cellular functions and molecular targets of AZM which may involve an improved uptake of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, restored anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in CF. This may in turn shape the reduced lung inflammation observed in clinical trials. In addition, we confirmed the role of ERK1/2 activation for bacterial uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Tarique
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Neeraj Tuladhar
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Dean Kelk
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Nelufa Begum
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Richard M. Lucas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Claire E. Wainwright
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Scott C. Bell
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
- Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
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Ge B, Mukherjee S, Li C, Harrison LB, Hsu CH, Tran TT, Whichard JM, Dessai U, Singh R, Gilbert JM, Strain EA, McDermott PF, Zhao S. Genomic analysis of azithromycin-resistant Salmonella from food animals at slaughter and processing, and retail meats, 2011-2021, United States. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0348523. [PMID: 37991374 PMCID: PMC10783062 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03485-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Macrolides of different ring sizes are critically important antimicrobials for human medicine and veterinary medicine, though the widely used 15-membered ring azithromycin in humans is not approved for use in veterinary medicine. We document here the emergence of azithromycin-resistant Salmonella among the NARMS culture collections between 2011 and 2021 in food animals and retail meats, some with co-resistance to ceftriaxone or decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. We also provide insights into the underlying genetic mechanisms and genomic contexts, including the first report of a novel combination of azithromycin resistance determinants and the characterization of multidrug-resistant plasmids. Further, we highlight the emergence of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella Newport clone in food animals (mainly cattle) with both azithromycin resistance and decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. These findings contribute to a better understating of azithromycin resistance mechanisms in Salmonella and warrant further investigations on the drivers behind the emergence of resistant clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Ge
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Sampa Mukherjee
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Cong Li
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucas B. Harrison
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Thu-Thuy Tran
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean M. Whichard
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Uday Dessai
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ruby Singh
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Gilbert
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Errol A. Strain
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick F. McDermott
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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Green E, Dum R, Shook J, Krawiec C. A multicenter retrospective electronic health record database evaluation of subjects with Mycoplasma genitalium. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2024; 64:295-300.e3. [PMID: 37839697 PMCID: PMC10872633 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) increasing in prevalence. The recent availability of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) has led to updated diagnostic and treatment guidelines. As medication therapy experts, pharmacists can facilitate appropriate antimicrobial selection and stewardship and optimize best patient-care practices in the setting of M. genitalium infection. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate patient demographics, therapeutic approaches, and complications of patients with laboratory evidence of M. genitalium hypothesizing that younger adolescent females are affected by this organism, receive suboptimal treatment, and have more complications than adults. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX multicenter electronic health record data of subjects aged 12 years and older with evidence of M. genitalium DNA detected via NAATs. The cohort was divided into 2 age groups: adolescents (12-21 years) and adults (older than 21 years). We evaluated age, sex, race, ethnicity, diagnostic codes, and medication codes. RESULTS Our study included 1126 subjects (192 adolescents [17.1%] and 934 adults [82.9%]) who tested positive for M. genitalium. Subjects in the adolescent group had higher odds of being women (2.52 [1.80, 3.54], P < 0.001), having inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs diagnostic codes (1.51 [1.06, 2.16], P = 0.025), increased odds of azithromycin prescription (1.70 [1.17, 2.48], P = 0.005), and decreased odds of moxifloxacin prescription (0.41 [0.26, 0.64], P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a higher prevalence of M. genitalium infection in adults and adolescents with increased odds of receiving azithromycin and decreased odds of receiving moxifloxacin. Both age groups had decreased odds of receiving doxycycline compared with azithromycin despite guidelines recommending initial empirical antibiotic treatment with doxycycline and growing macrolide resistance. Suboptimal treatment of this infection may lead to lifelong complications. Pharmacists may provide crucial guidance and education to both patients and health care providers regarding appropriate treatment for M. genitalium.
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Li P, Pan J, Dong Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Liao K, Chen Y, Deng X, Yu S, Hu H. Microenvironment responsive charge-switchable nanoparticles act on biofilm eradication and virulence inhibition for chronic lung infection treatment. J Control Release 2024; 365:219-235. [PMID: 37992874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common lung disease with high mortality, posing severe threats to public health. Highly resistant biofilm and intrinsic resistance make P. aeruginosa hard to eradicate, while powerful virulence system of P. aeruginosa may give rise to the recurrence of infection and eventual failure of antibiotic therapy. To address these issues, infection-microenvironment responsive nanoparticles functioning on biofilm eradication and virulence inhibition were simply prepared by electrostatic complexation between dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) modified negatively charged coating and epsilon-poly(l-lysine) derived cationic nanoparticles loaded with azithromycin (AZI) (DA-AZI NPs). Charge reversal responsive to acidic condition enabled DA-AZI NPs to successively penetrate through both mucus and biofilms, followed by targeting to P. aeruginosa and permeabilizing its outer/inner membrane. Then in situ released AZI, which was induced by the lipase-triggered NPs dissociation, could easily enter into bacteria to take effects. DA-AZI NPs exhibited enhanced eradication activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms with a decrease of >99.999% of bacterial colonies, as well as remarkable inhibitory effects on the production of virulence factors and bacteria re-adhesion & biofilm re-formation. In a chronic pulmonary infection model, nebulization of DA-AZI NPs into infected mice resulted in prolonged retention and increased accumulation of the NPs in the infected sites of the lungs. Moreover, they significantly reduced the burden of P. aeruginosa, effectively alleviating lung tissue damages and inflammation. Overall, the proposed DA-AZI NPs highlight an innovative strategy for treating chronic pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jieyi Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yating Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yalong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kang Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Shihui Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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29
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Gallacher DJ, Zhang L, Aboklaish AF, Mitchell E, Wach R, Marchesi JR, Kotecha S. Baseline azithromycin resistance in the gut microbiota of preterm born infants. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:205-212. [PMID: 37550487 PMCID: PMC10798878 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrolides, including azithromycin, are increasingly used in preterm-born infants to treat Ureaplasma infections. The baseline carriage of macrolide resistance genes in the preterm stool microbiota is unknown. OBJECTIVES Identify carriage of azithromycin resistant bacteria and the incidence of macrolide resistant genes. METHODS Azithromycin resistant bacteria were isolated from serial stool samples obtained from preterm infants (≤32 weeks' gestation) by culturing aerobically/anaerobically, in the presence/absence of azithromycin. Using quantitative PCR, we targeted 6 common macrolide resistance genes (erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), mef(A/E), msr(A)) in DNA extracted from selected bacteria resistant to azithromycin. RESULTS From 89 stool samples from 37 preterm-born infants, 93.3% showed bacterial growth in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. From the 280 azithromycin resistant isolates that were identified, Staphylococcus (75%) and Enterococcus (15%) species dominated. Macrolide resistance genes were identified in 91% of resistant isolates: commonest were erm(C) (46% of isolates) and msr(A) (40%). Multiple macrolide resistance genes were identified in 18% of isolates. CONCLUSION Macrolide resistance is common in the gut microbiota of preterm-born infants early in life, most likely acquired from exposure to the maternal microbiota. It will be important to assess modulation of macrolide resistance, if macrolide treatment becomes routine in the management of preterm infants. IMPACT STATEMENT Azithromycin resistance is present in the stool microbiota in the first month of life in preterm infants 91% of azithromycin resistant bacteria carried at least one of 6 common macrolide resistant genes Increasing use of macrolides in the preterm population makes this an important area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gallacher
- Neonatal Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ali F Aboklaish
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Mitchell
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
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Soku YK, Mohamed A, Samuel T, Dessai U, Walls I, Rockwell C, Fortenberry G, Berutti T, Nieves-Miranda S, Nawrocki EM, Fu Y, Dudley E, Mamber SW, Hicks J. A Comparative Study on Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Channel Catfish and Related Freshwater Fish Species. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100192. [PMID: 37949412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in 114 generic Escherichia coli isolated from channel catfish and related fish species were investigated in this study. Of these, 45 isolates were from commercial-sized channel catfish harvested from fishponds in Alabama, while 69 isolates were from Siluriformes products, accessed from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service' (FSIS) National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) program. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed using the GenomeTrakr protocol. Upon analysis, the fishpond isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (44%), meropenem (7%) and azithromycin (4%). The FSIS NARMS isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (31.9%), chloramphenicol (20.3%), sulfisoxazole (17.4%), ampicillin (5.8%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, azithromycin and cefoxitin below 5% each. There was no correlation between genotypic and phenotypic resistance in the fishpond isolates, however, there was in NARMS isolates for folate pathway antagonists: Sulfisoxazole vs. sul1 and sul2 (p = 0.0042 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. dfrA16 and sul1 (p = 0.0290 and p = 0.013, respectively). Furthermore, correlations were found for tetracyclines: Tetracycline vs. tet(A) and tet(B) (p < 0.0001 each), macrolides: Azithromycin vs. mph(E) and msr(E) (p = 0.0145 each), phenicols: Chloramphenicol vs. mdtM (p < 0.0001), quinolones: Nalidixic acid vs. gyrA_S83L=POINT (p = 0.0004), and β-lactams: Ampicillin vs. blaTEM-1 (p < 0.0001). Overall, we recorded differences in antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles, phenotypic-genotypic concordance, and resistance to critically important antimicrobials, which may be a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesutor K Soku
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Mohamed
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA.
| | - Temesgen Samuel
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Uday Dessai
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Isabel Walls
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine Rockwell
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gamola Fortenberry
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tracy Berutti
- Eastern Laboratory, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sharon Nieves-Miranda
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erin M Nawrocki
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yezhi Fu
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Edward Dudley
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen W Mamber
- Office of Planning, Analysis and Risk Management, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Office of Policy and Program Development, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
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Salle R, Grange PA, Ollagnier G, Hembert R, Benhaddou N, Heller U, Dupin N. Treponema pallidum resistance to azithromycin in France: A nationwide retrospective study from 2010 to 2022. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e20-e21. [PMID: 37561930 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Salle
- INSERM, Institut Cochin U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Équipe Biologie Cutané, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of General and Oncologic Dermatology, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340-BECCOH, AP-HP, Ambroise-Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Philippe A Grange
- INSERM, Institut Cochin U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Équipe Biologie Cutané, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie et CeGIDD, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, CNR IST Bactériennes - Expertise Syphilis, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Ollagnier
- INSERM, Institut Cochin U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Équipe Biologie Cutané, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie et CeGIDD, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, CNR IST Bactériennes - Expertise Syphilis, Paris, France
| | - Romain Hembert
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie et CeGIDD, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, CNR IST Bactériennes - Expertise Syphilis, Paris, France
| | - Nadjet Benhaddou
- INSERM, Institut Cochin U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Équipe Biologie Cutané, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Bactériologie, APHP, CNR IST Bactériennes - Expertise Syphilis, Paris, France
| | - Ugo Heller
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Nicolas Dupin
- INSERM, Institut Cochin U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Équipe Biologie Cutané, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie et CeGIDD, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, CNR IST Bactériennes - Expertise Syphilis, Paris, France
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Ji S, Rizk MA, Galon EM, El-Alfy ES, Mizukawa Y, Kojima M, Ikegami-Kawai M, Kaya M, Liu M, Itoh I, Xuan X. Anti-babesial activity of a series of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2,4-diamines (DMQDAs). Acta Trop 2024; 249:107069. [PMID: 37952866 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Diminazene aceturate (DA), imidocarb dipropionate (ID), atovaquone (ATO), azithromycin (AZI), clindamycin, and quinine have been used to treat animal and human babesiosis for many years, despite their negative effects and rising indications of resistance. Thus, finding anti-babesial compounds that can either treat the infection or lower the dose of drugs given has been a primary objective. Quinazolines are one of the most important nitrogen heterocycles, with a wide range of pharmacological activities including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic, anti-histaminic, anti-cancer, and anti-protozoan properties. The present study investigated the anti-babesial activities of twenty 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2,4-diamines on Babesia spp. One candidate, 6,7-dimethoxy-N4-ethylisopropyl-N2-ethyl(pyridin-4-yl)quinazoline-2,4-diamine (SHG02), showed potent inhibition on Babesia gibsoni in vitro, as well as on B. microti and B. rodhaini in mice. Our findings indicate that the candidate compound SHG02 is promising for further development of anti-babesial drugs and provides a new structure to be explored for developing anti-Babesia therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite 4122, Philippines
| | - El-Sayed El-Alfy
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yuki Mizukawa
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kojima
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikegami-Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kaya
- Center for Industry-University Collaboration, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Isamu Itoh
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Pavoni M, Principe L, Foschi C, Meroni E, Briozzo E, Lazzarotto T, Ambretti S, Di Bella S. Antimicrobial Resistance of Genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma: A Multicentre Study Over a 5-Year Period in Italy (2017-2021). Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:55-60. [PMID: 38060805 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Updated data on genital Mollicutes prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility can help provide guidance for antibiotic stewardship and set up effective strategies for infection control policies. In this multicentre study, we assessed the prevalence and the resistance profile of Mycoplasma hominis (MH) and Ureaplasma species (U. parvum/U. urealyticum), analyzing data from 21,210 subjects who provided urogenital samples for Mollicutes detection by culture over a 5-year period (2017-2021) in two high-density urban areas in the North of Italy (i.e., Bologna and Lecco). Overall prevalence of Mollicutes infection was 22.3%, with women showing a significantly higher detection rate than men (p < 0.00001). The prevalence decreased with age (highest prevalence <30 years) and over the years considered. Ureaplasma strains were much more frequently detected (62.3%) compared to MH (8.3%) and to mixed infections (29.4%). Ureaplasma species showed high levels of ciprofloxacin resistance (39.5%), whereas MH strains were nonsusceptible to azithromycin and roxithromycin in about 60% of cases. Over time, a significant decrease of resistance to azithromycin and doxycycline was detected (p < 0.0001 and 0.0004, respectively), in parallel with an important increase of ciprofloxacin-resistance levels (p < 0.0001). Overall, our results revealed that minocycline and josamycin can be first-line drugs for Mollicutes empirical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pavoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Meroni
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Elena Briozzo
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Fazeli Kakhki H, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Razavi BM, Heidari MR, Hosseinzadeh H. Preventive and therapeutic effects of azithromycin on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicology 2024; 100:47-54. [PMID: 38043637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrylamide (ACR) can induce neurotoxicity through different pathways, including oxidative stress and apoptosis. Azithromycin is well-known for its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of azithromycin in an in vivo model of ACR-induced neurotoxicity, by investigating its impact on oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. METHODS Male rats were divided into eleven groups at random (n = 6). 1:control (vehicle), 2:ACR (50 mg/kg, 11 days, I.P.), 3-7:ACR+ azithromycin (3.1, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg, 11 days, I.P.), 8-9:ACR+ azithromycin (3.1, 6.25 mg/kg, from day 3-11), 10: ACR+ vitamin E (200 mg/kg, every other day, I.P.), 11. Azithromycin (50 mg/kg). Following the treatment period, a gait score examination was performed, and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ratio and caspase-3 levels in the cerebral cortex were measured. RESULTS Gait abnormality, a drop in GSH, and an increase in lipid peroxidation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 levels were all significantly triggered by ACR in the cerebral cortex versus the control group. Azithromycin 3.1 and 6.25 mg/kg with ACR and azithromycin 6.25 mg/kg with ACR from day 3-11 ameliorated movement disorders caused by ACR. Azithromycin in all doses and both protocols along with ACR decreased the MDA level. Azithromycin (3.1, 6.25 mg/kg) along with ACR in both protocols increased the level of GSH, reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 amounts in the brain tissue versus the ACR group. CONCLUSIONS Administration of azithromycin had both preventive and therapeutic effects on ACR-induced neurotoxicity through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Fazeli Kakhki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Chapagain RH, Adhikari S, Bhattarai T, Basaula Y, Bhattarai S. Burden of enteric fever and antibiotic sensitivity in Nepalese Children Prior to Typhoid Vaccine in National Immunization Program. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2023; 21:297-302. [PMID: 38196224 DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v21i02.4728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric fever is a major public health problem in developing and under developed countries. Case fatality rate without treatment is 10-30% and with appropriate treatment is only 1-4%. Gold standard for diagnosis is isolation of Salmonella enterica from blood or bone marrow. Antibiotics resistance is skyrocketing with emergence of multidrug resistance S. typhi and extensively drug resistant S. typhi. METHODS The blood culture done in Kanti children hospital in last six years were taken from the data base and the culture positive cases were taken from which the salmonella species positive cases along with the drug sensitivity pattern were used in our study. RESULTS The culture positivity rate was 2.8% and 7.6% (n=136) among the culture positive cases were Salmonella species. Salmonella typhi (121; 88.9%) was the most frequently isolated species, followed by Salmonella paratyphi A (13; 9.5%) and Salmonella paratyphi B (2;1.4%). Children with age 5-10 years was the most affected age group for infection with Salmonella, 50.0% (n=68). Nalidixic acid is resistant in 89.9% Salmonella typhi; followed by ciprofloxacin (31.8%), ofloxacin (18.2%), ampicillin (9.6%), azithromycin (8.4%), chloramphenicol (8.2%), cotrimoxazole (5.4%), cefixime (4%), ceftriaxone (2.5%) and cefotaxime (0.0%). Cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime are 100% sensitive to Salmonella paratyphi, followed by cotrimoxazole (92.9%), ofloxacin (81.8%), chloramphenicol (75%), azithromycin (66.7%), ampicillin (60%), ciprofloxacin (50%) and Nalidixic acid (23.1%). CONCLUSIONS Salmonella species culture isolatation are declining every year. Fluoroquinolones have more resistance than first line drugs of typhoid, azithromycin resistance is rising but 3rd generation cephalosporins are sensitive to Salmonella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Hari Chapagain
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Santosh Adhikari
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Yubanidhi Basaula
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Lin S, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Shu G, Li H, Xu F, Lin J, Fu H. Rhamnolipid Micelles Assist Azithromycin in Efficiently Disrupting Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms and Impeding Their Re-Formation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7403-7415. [PMID: 38090363 PMCID: PMC10712337 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biofilm is highly resistant to antibiotics due to its heterogeneity and is implicated in over 80% of chronic infections; these refractory and relapse-prone infections pose a huge medical burden. Methods In this study, rhamnolipid (RHL), a biosurfactant with antibiofilm activity, was loaded with the antibiotic azithromycin (AZI) to construct a stable nanomicelle (AZI@RHL) that promotes Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilm disruption. Results AZI@RHL micelles made a destruction in biofilms. The biofilm biomasses were reduced significantly by 48.2% (P<0.05), and the main components polysaccharides and proteins were reduced by 47.5% and 36.8%, respectively. These decreases were about 3.1 (15.9%), 7.3 (6.5%), and 1.9 (19.5%) times higher compared with those reported for free AZI. The disruption of biofilm structure was observed under a confocal microscope with fluorescent labeling, and 48.2% of the cells in the biofilm were killed. By contrast, the clearance rates of cells were only 20% and 17% when treated alone with blank micelles or free AZI. Biofilm formation was inhibited up to 92% in the AZI@RHL group due to effects on cell auto-aggregation and eDNA release. The rates for the other groups were significantly lower, with only 27.7% for the RHL group and 12% for the AZI group (P<0.05). The low cell survival and great formation inhibition could reduce biofilm recolonization and re-formation. Conclusion The antibiofilm efficacy of rhamnolipid was improved through micellar nanoparticle effects when loading azithromycin. AZI@RHL provides a one-step solution that covers biofilm disruption, bacteria inactivation, recolonization avoidance, and biofilm re-formation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Shu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People’s Republic of China
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Peters RPH, Jung H, Mitchev N, Mdingi MM, Gigi R, Shroufi A, Martinez FP, Bamford C. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates From the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:821-826. [PMID: 37820114 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance data from resource-constrained settings because of the lack of diagnostic testing and limited scale of surveillance programs. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of N. gonorrhoeae in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa. METHODS Specimens for N. gonorrhoeae culture were obtained from men with urethral discharge and women with vaginal discharge attending primary health care facilities. Direct inoculation of the agar plates was performed followed by culture and drug susceptibility testing using the Etest at the laboratory. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolates was performed to identify resistance-determining variants. RESULTS One hundred N. gonorrhoeae isolates were obtained. Most strains were nonsusceptible to ciprofloxacin (76%), tetracycline (75%), and penicillin G (72%). The gyrA S91F mutation was present in 68 of 72 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (94%), with concurrent parC mutations in 47 of 68 (69%); gyrA I250M was the only mutation in 4 other resistant strains. One azithromycin-resistant isolate was identified with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8.0 mg/L and the 23S rDNA gene mutation C2597T. The median MIC of cefixime was 0.016 mg/L (range, 0.016-0.064 mg/L), and that of ceftriaxone was 0.016 mg/L (range, 0.016 mg/L). Whole-genome sequencing showed 58 sequence types as revealed in N. gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance and 70 sequence types in N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed high rates of N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, and tetracycline in our setting. The MICs of cephalosporins are reassuring for ceftriaxone use in syndromic treatment regimens, but the identification of azithromycin resistance warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunsul Jung
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria
| | - Nireshni Mitchev
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mandisa M Mdingi
- From the Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, East London
| | | | - Amir Shroufi
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) & Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP) Southern Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernando P Martinez
- Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland
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Tantalo LC, Lieberman NAP, Pérez-Mañá C, Suñer C, Vall Mayans M, Ubals M, González-Beiras C, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Canut A, González-Candelas F, Mueller J, Tapia K, Greninger AL, Giacani L, Mitjà O. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum: an in-vitro study. Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e994-e1004. [PMID: 37827185 PMCID: PMC10686905 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of syphilis and the limitations of first-line treatment with penicillin, particularly in neurosyphilis, neonatal syphilis, and pregnancy, highlight the need to expand the therapeutic repertoire for effective management of this disease. We assessed the in-vitro efficacy of 18 antibiotics from several classes on Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T pallidum), the syphilis bacteria. METHODS Using the in-vitro culture system for T pallidum, we exposed the pathogen to a concentration range of each tested antibiotic. After a 7-day incubation, the treponemal burden was evaluated by quantitative PCR targeting the T pallidum tp0574 gene. The primary outcome was the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at which the quantitative PCR values were not significantly higher than the inoculum wells. We also investigated the susceptibility of macrolide-resistant strains to high concentrations of azithromycin, and the possibility of developing resistance to linezolid, a proposed candidate for syphilis treatment. FINDINGS Amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, several oral cephalosporins, tedizolid, and dalbavancin exhibited anti-treponemal activity at concentrations achievable in human plasma following regular dosing regimens. The experiments revealed a MIC for amoxicillin at 0·02 mg/L, ceftriaxone at 0·0025 mg/L, cephalexin at 0·25 mg/L, cefetamet and cefixime at 0·0313 mg/L, cefuroxime at 0·0156 mg/L, tedizolid at 0·0625 mg/L, spectinomycin at 0·1 mg/L, and dalbavancin at 0·125 mg/L. The MIC for zoliflodacin and balofloxacin was 2 mg/L. Ertapenem, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and metronidazole had either a poor or no effect. Azithromycin concentrations up to 2 mg/L (64 times the MIC) were ineffective against strains carrying mutations associated to macrolide resistance. Exposure to subtherapeutic doses of linezolid for 10 weeks did not induce phenotypic or genotypic resistance. INTERPRETATION Cephalosporins and oxazolidinones are potential candidates for expanding the current therapeutic repertoire for syphilis. Our findings warrant testing efficacy in animal models and, if successful, clinical assessment of efficacy. FUNDING European Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Tantalo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole A P Lieberman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Suñer
- Sexually Transmitted Infections and Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases Section, Fight Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Marti Vall Mayans
- Sexually Transmitted Infections and Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases Section, Fight Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ubals
- Sexually Transmitted Infections and Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases Section, Fight Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camila González-Beiras
- Sexually Transmitted Infections and Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases Section, Fight Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology, and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Andrés Canut
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Microbiology Service, Araba University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health, FISABIO-Universitat de València, València, Spain; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Mueller
- Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Tapia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Giacani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Oriol Mitjà
- Sexually Transmitted Infections and Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases Section, Fight Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
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Rukavina Z, Jøraholmen MW, Božić D, Frankol I, Gašparović PG, Škalko-Basnet N, Klarić MŠ, Vanić Ž. Azithromycin-loaded liposomal hydrogel: a step forward for enhanced treatment of MRSA-related skin infections. Acta Pharm 2023; 73:559-579. [PMID: 38147473 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZT) encapsulated into various types of liposomes (AZT-liposomes) displayed pronounced in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1). The present study represents a follow-up to this previous work, attempting to further explore the anti-MRSA potential of AZT-liposomes when incorporated into chitosan hydrogel (CHG). Incorporation of AZT-liposomes into CHG (liposomal CHGs) was intended to ensure proper viscosity and texture properties of the formulation, modification of antibiotic release, and enhanced antibacterial activity, aiming to upgrade the therapeutical potential of AZT-liposomes in localized treatment of MRSA-related skin infections. Four different liposomal CHGs were evaluated and compared on the grounds of antibacterial activity against MRSA, AZT release profiles, cytotoxicity, as well as texture, and rheological properties. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the potential of liposomal CHGs for the topical localized treatment of MRSA-related skin infections. CHG ensured proper viscoelastic and texture properties to achieve prolonged retention and prolonged release of AZT at the application site, which resulted in a boosted anti-MRSA effect of the entrapped AZT-liposomes. With respect to anti-MRSA activity and biocompatibility, formulation CATL-CHG (cationic liposomes in CHG) is considered to be the most promising formulation for the treatment of MRSA-related skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Rukavina
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - May Wenche Jøraholmen
- 2Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Dunja Božić
- 3R&D, PLIVA Croatia Ltd. 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Frankol
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- 2Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- 4Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Vanić
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Liu M, Zhu K, Li X, Han Y, Yang C, Liu H, Du X, Xu X, Yang H, Song H, Qiu S, Xiang Y. Genetic characterization of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from an infant with concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:252-256. [PMID: 37778506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the resistance mechanism of a Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolated from a faecal sample of an infant, which exhibited concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution in two kinds of drug-sensitive plates. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were identified by whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Genotyping of the strain was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Plasmid DNA was sequenced and analysed using plasmid bioinformatics tools. RESULTS The SH11G993 strain was resistant to 28 antibiotics and carried 54 AMR genes. MLST results showed that the strain belonged to a rare genotype. The plasmid profile and plasmid sequencing showed that the strain carried two resistance plasmids. The pSH11G993-1 carried 14 AMR genes (especially co-harboured blaCMY-2, mphA and ermB) and a variety of insertion sequences, belonging to the IncC. The pSH11G993-2 carried 3 AMR genes and 9 virulence genes, belonging to the IncFIB-FII, forming a novel resistance and virulence co-harbouring plasmid. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that continuously monitor the changes in antibiotic resistance patterns and research on the resistance mechanisms in potential human pathogens are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Shaoyang Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shaoyang, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinge Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiran Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyin Du
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Gaspari V, Djusse ME, Morselli S, Rapparini L, Foschi C, Ambretti S, Lazzarotto T, Piraccini BM, Marangoni A. Non-pathogenic Neisseria species of the oropharynx as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance: a cross-sectional study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1308550. [PMID: 38076458 PMCID: PMC10703147 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1308550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal Neisseria species of the oropharynx represent a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants that can be transferred to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This aspect is particularly crucial in 'men having sex with men' (MSM), a key population in which pharyngeal co-colonization by N. gonorrhoeae and non-pathogenic Neisseria species is frequent and associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we explored the antimicrobial susceptibility of a large panel of non-pathogenic Neisseria species isolated from the oropharynx of two populations: a group of MSM attending a 'sexually transmitted infection' clinic in Bologna (Italy) (n=108) and a group of males representing a 'general population' (n=119). We collected 246 strains, mainly belonging to N. subflava (60%) and N. flavescens (28%) species. Their antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated assessing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone using E-test strips. Overall, commensal Neisseria spp. showed high rates of resistance to azithromycin (90%; median MICs: 4.0 mg/L), and ciprofloxacin (58%; median MICs: 0.12 mg/L), whereas resistance to cephalosporins was far less common (<15%). Neisseria strains from MSM were found to have significantly higher MICs for azithromycin (p=0.0001) and ciprofloxacin (p<0.0001) compared to those from the general population. However, there was no significant difference in cephalosporin MICs between the two groups. The surveillance of the antimicrobial resistance of non-pathogenic Neisseria spp. could be instrumental in predicting the risk of the spread of multi-drug resistant gonorrhea. This information could be an early predictor of an excessive use of antimicrobials, paving the way to innovative screening and prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gaspari
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marielle Ezekielle Djusse
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Morselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Rapparini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Schildkraut JA, Raaijmakers J, Aarnoutse R, Hoefsloot W, Wertheim HFL, van Ingen J. The role of rifampicin within the treatment of Mycobacterium avium pulmonary disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0087423. [PMID: 37877693 PMCID: PMC10649009 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00874-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin is recommended for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease alongside azithromycin and ethambutol. We evaluated the azithromycin-ethambutol backbone with and without rifampicin in an intracellular hollow fiber model and performed RNA sequencing to study the differences in adaptation. In an in vitro hollow fiber experiment, we simulated epithelial lining fluid pharmacokinetic profiles of the recommended 3-drug (rifampicin, ethambutol, and azithromycin) or a 2-drug (ethambutol and azithromycin) treatment. THP-1 cells infected with M. avium ATCC700898 were exposed to these regimens for 21 days. We determined intra- and extra-cellular bacterial load- and THP-1 cell densities on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21, alongside RNA sequencing. The emergence of macrolide resistance was studied by inoculating intra- and extra-cellular fractions of azithromycin-containing Middlebrook 7H10 agar plates. Complete pharmacokinetic profiles were determined at days 0 and 21. Both therapies maintained stasis of both intra- and extra-cellular bacterial populations for 3 days, whilst regrowth coinciding with the emergence of a macrolide-resistant subpopulation was seen after 7 days. THP-1 cell density remained static. Similar transcriptional profiles were observed for both therapies that were minimally influenced by exposure duration. Transcriptional response was slightly larger during 2-drug treatment. Rifampicin did not add to the antimycobacterial effect to the 2-drug therapy or suppression of emergence resistance. RNA transcription was not greatly altered by the addition of rifampicin, which may be due to strong transcriptional influence of azithromycin and host cells. This questions the role of rifampicin in the currently recommended therapy. These findings should be confirmed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A. Schildkraut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Raaijmakers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Aarnoutse
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hoefsloot
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiman F. L. Wertheim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jakko van Ingen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hardman SJ, Shackley FM, Ugonna K, Darton TC, Rigby AS, Bogaert D, Binkowska JM, Condliffe AM. Seasonal Azithromycin Use in Paediatric Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis Does Not Promote Antimicrobial Resistance but Does Modulate the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16053. [PMID: 38003242 PMCID: PMC10671346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) causes chronic wet cough for which seasonal azithromycin is increasingly used to reduce exacerbations. We investigated the impact of seasonal azithromycin on antimicrobial resistance and the nasopharyngeal microbiome. In an observational cohort study, 50 children with PBB were enrolled over two consecutive winters; 25/50 at study entry were designated on clinical grounds to take azithromycin over the winter months and 25/50 were not. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs were collected during the study period (12-20 months) and cultured bacterial isolates were assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility. 16S rRNA-based sequencing was performed on a subset of samples. Irrespective of azithromycin usage, high levels of azithromycin resistance were found; 73% of bacteria from swabs in the azithromycin group vs. 69% in the comparison group. Resistance was predominantly driven by azithromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae, yet these isolates were mostly erythromycin susceptible. Analysis of 16S rRNA-based sequencing revealed a reduction in within-sample diversity in response to azithromycin, but only in samples of children actively taking azithromycin at the time of swab collection. Actively taking azithromycin at the time of swab collection significantly contributed to dissimilarity in bacterial community composition. The discrepancy between laboratory detection of azithromycin and erythromycin resistance in the S. pneumoniae isolates requires further investigation. Seasonal azithromycin for PBB did not promote antimicrobial resistance over the study period, but did perturb the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Hardman
- Department of General Paediatrics, Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chesterfield S44 5BL, UK
| | - Fiona M. Shackley
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Sheffield Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK;
| | - Kelechi Ugonna
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK;
| | - Thomas C. Darton
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (T.C.D.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Alan S. Rigby
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Justyna M. Binkowska
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Alison M. Condliffe
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (T.C.D.); (A.M.C.)
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Sajib MSI, Tanmoy AM, Hooda Y, Rahman H, Munira SJ, Sarkar A, Das D, Rahman MA, Islam N, Shahidullah M, Amin MR, Alam MJ, Hanif M, Luby SP, Garrett DO, Saha SK, Saha S. Trends in antimicrobial resistance amongst Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates in Bangladesh: 1999-2021. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011723. [PMID: 37939101 PMCID: PMC10659154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typhoid and paratyphoid remain common bloodstream infections in areas with suboptimal water and sanitation infrastructure. Paratyphoid, caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A, is less prevalent than typhoid and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends are less documented. Empirical treatment for paratyphoid is commonly based on the knowledge of susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi, which causes typhoid. Hence, with rising drug resistance in Salmonella Typhi, last-line antibiotics like ceftriaxone and azithromycin are prescribed for both typhoid and paratyphoid. However, unlike for typhoid, there is no vaccine to prevent paratyphoid. Here, we report 23-year AMR trends of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Bangladesh. METHODS From 1999 to 2021, we conducted enteric fever surveillance in two major pediatric hospitals and three clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Blood cultures were performed at the discretion of the treating physicians; cases were confirmed by culture, serological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined following CLSI guidelines. RESULTS Over 23 years, we identified 2,725 blood culture-confirmed paratyphoid cases. Over 97% of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole, and no isolate was resistant to all three. No resistance to ceftriaxone was recorded, and >99% of the isolates were sensitive to azithromycin. A slight increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is noticed for ceftriaxone but the current average MIC is 32-fold lower than the resistance cut-off. Over 99% of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella Paratyphi A has remained susceptible to most antibiotics, unlike Salmonella Typhi, despite widespread usage of many antibiotics in Bangladesh. The data can guide evidence-based policy decisions for empirical treatment of paratyphoid fever, especially in the post typhoid vaccine era, and with the availability of new paratyphoid diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yogesh Hooda
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Anik Sarkar
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Dipu Das
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Nazrul Islam
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammod Shahidullah
- Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jahangir Alam
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Hanif
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen P. Luby
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Samir K. Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Senjuti Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Bangladesh
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Hazel A, Arzika AM, Abdou A, Lebas E, Porco TC, Maliki R, Doan T, Lietman TM, Keenan JD, Blumberg S. Temporal Trends in Phenotypic Macrolide and Nonmacrolide Resistance for Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Samples Up to 36 Months after Mass Azithromycin Administration in a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Niger. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1107-1112. [PMID: 37783458 PMCID: PMC10622462 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin mass drug administration decreases child mortality but also selects for antibiotic resistance. Herein, we evaluate macrolide resistance of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae after azithromycin MDA. In a cluster-randomized trial, children 1-59 months received azithromycin or placebo biannually. Fifteen villages from each arm were randomly selected for antimicrobial resistance testing, and 10-15 randomly selected swabs from enrolled children at each village were processed for S. pneumoniae isolation and resistance testing. The primary prespecified outcome was macrolide resistance fraction for azithromycin versus placebo villages at 36 months. Secondary non-prespecified outcomes were comparisons of azithromycin and placebo for: 1) macrolide resistance at 12, 24, and 36 months; 2) nonmacrolide resistance at 36 months; and 3) suspected-erm mutation. At 36 months, 423 swabs were obtained and 322 grew S. pneumoniae, (azithromycin: 146/202, placebo: 176/221). Mean resistance prevalence was non-significantly higher in treatment than placebo (mixed-effects model: 14.6% vs. 8.9%; OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.99-3.97). However, when all time points were evaluated, macrolide resistance prevalence was significantly higher in the azithromycin group (β = 0.102, 95% CI: 0.04-0.167). For all nonmacrolides, resistance prevalence at 36 months was not different between the two groups. Azithromycin and placebo were not different for suspected-erm mutation prevalence. Macrolide resistance was higher in the azithromycin group over all time points, but not at 36 months. Although this suggests resistance may not continue to increase after biannual MDA, more studies are needed to clarify when MDA can safely decrease mortality and morbidity in lower- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hazel
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Amza Abdou
- Programme Nationale de Santé Oculaire, Niamey, Niger
| | - Elodie Lebas
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Travis C. Porco
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Thuy Doan
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas M. Lietman
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy D. Keenan
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Seth Blumberg
- F. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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46
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Mike JK, White Y, Hutchings RS, Vento C, Ha J, Manzoor H, Lee D, Losser C, Arellano K, Vanhatalo O, Seifert E, Gunewardena A, Wen B, Wang L, Wang A, Goudy BD, Vali P, Lakshminrusimha S, Gobburu JV, Long-Boyle J, Wu YW, Fineman JR, Ferriero DM, Maltepe E. Perinatal Azithromycin Provides Limited Neuroprotection in an Ovine Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Stroke 2023; 54:2864-2874. [PMID: 37846563 PMCID: PMC10589434 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury/encephalopathy affects about 1.15 million neonates per year, 96% of whom are born in low- and middle-income countries. Therapeutic hypothermia is not effective in this setting, possibly because injury occurs significantly before birth. Here, we studied the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of perinatal azithromycin administration in near-term lambs following global ischemic injury to support earlier treatment approaches. METHODS Ewes and their lambs of both sexes (n=34, 141-143 days) were randomly assigned to receive azithromycin or placebo before delivery as well as postnatally. Lambs were subjected to severe global hypoxia-ischemia utilizing an acute umbilical cord occlusion model. Outcomes were assessed over a 6-day period. RESULTS While maternal azithromycin exhibited relatively low placental transfer, azithromycin-treated lambs recovered spontaneous circulation faster following the initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and were extubated sooner. Additionally, peri- and postnatal azithromycin administration was well tolerated, demonstrating a 77-hour plasma elimination half-life, as well as significant accumulation in the brain and other tissues. Azithromycin administration resulted in a systemic immunomodulatory effect, demonstrated by reductions in proinflammatory IL-6 (interleukin-6) levels. Treated lambs exhibited a trend toward improved neurodevelopmental outcomes while histological analysis revealed that azithromycin supported white matter preservation and attenuated inflammation in the cingulate and parasagittal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal azithromycin administration enhances neonatal resuscitation, attenuates neuroinflammation, and supports limited improvement of select histological outcomes in an ovine model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury/encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krystofova Mike
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Yasmine White
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Rachel S. Hutchings
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Christian Vento
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Janica Ha
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Hadiya Manzoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.M., A.W.), University of California Davis
| | - Donald Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore (D.L., J.V.S.G.)
| | - Courtney Losser
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Kimberly Arellano
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Oona Vanhatalo
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
- Department of Pediatrics (B.D.G., P.V., B.D.G., P.V., S.L., J.-L.B., O.V.), University of California Davis
| | - Elena Seifert
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Anya Gunewardena
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (B.W., L.W.)
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (B.W., L.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.M., A.W.), University of California Davis
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.M., A.W.), University of California Davis
| | - Brian D. Goudy
- Department of Pediatrics (B.D.G., P.V., B.D.G., P.V., S.L., J.-L.B., O.V.), University of California Davis
| | - Payam Vali
- Department of Pediatrics (B.D.G., P.V., B.D.G., P.V., S.L., J.-L.B., O.V.), University of California Davis
| | - Satyan Lakshminrusimha
- Department of Pediatrics (B.D.G., P.V., B.D.G., P.V., S.L., J.-L.B., O.V.), University of California Davis
| | - Jogarao V.S. Gobburu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore (D.L., J.V.S.G.)
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development, San Francisco, CA (J.V.S.G., J.R.F., E.M.)
| | - Janel Long-Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
- School of Pharmacy (J.L.-B.), University of California San Francisco
- Department of Pediatrics (B.D.G., P.V., B.D.G., P.V., S.L., J.-L.B., O.V.), University of California Davis
| | - Yvonne W. Wu
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (Y.W.W., D.M.F.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development, San Francisco, CA (J.V.S.G., J.R.F., E.M.)
| | - Donna M. Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (Y.W.W., D.M.F.), University of California San Francisco
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics (J.K.M., Y.W., R.S.H., C.V., J.H., C.L., K.A., O.V., E.S., A.G., J.L.-B., Y.W.W., J.R.F., D.M.F., E.M.), University of California San Francisco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (E.M.), University of California San Francisco
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development, San Francisco, CA (J.V.S.G., J.R.F., E.M.)
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Wagner BD, Zemanick ET, Sagel SD, Robertson CE, Stevens MJ, Mayer-Hamblett N, Retsch-Bogart G, Ramsey BW, Harris JK. Limited effects of azithromycin on the oropharyngeal microbiome in children with CF and early pseudomonas infection. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:312. [PMID: 37891457 PMCID: PMC10612347 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) and chronic azithromycin (AZ) have known clinical benefits for children with CF, likely due to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. The effects of chronic AZ in combination with TIS on the airway microbiome have not been extensively investigated. Oropharyngeal swab samples were collected in the OPTIMIZE multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial examining the addition of AZ to TIS in 198 children with CF and early P. aeruginosa infection. Bacterial small subunit rRNA gene community profiles were determined. The effects of TIS and AZ were assessed on oropharyngeal microbial diversity and composition to uncover whether effects on the bacterial community may be a mechanism of action related to the observed changes in clinical outcomes. RESULTS Substantial changes in bacterial communities (total bacterial load, diversity and relative abundance of specific taxa) were observed by week 3 of TIS treatment for both the AZ and placebo groups. On average, these shifts were due to changes in non-traditional CF taxa that were not sustained at the later study visits (weeks 13 and 26). Bacterial community measures did not differ between the AZ and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence that the mechanism for AZ's effect on clinical outcomes is not due solely to action on airway microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie D Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Edith T Zemanick
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Scott D Sagel
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Mark J Stevens
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicole Mayer-Hamblett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Bonnie W Ramsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Kirk Harris
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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48
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Neemuchwala A, Zittermann S, Johnson K, Middleton D, Stapleton PJ, Ravirajan V, Cronin K, Allen VG, Patel SN. Whole genome sequencing of increased number of azithromycin-resistant Shigella flexneri 1b isolates in Ontario. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16582. [PMID: 37789081 PMCID: PMC10547750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM) resistance among Shigella is a major public health concern. Here, we investigated the epidemiology of Shigella flexneri serotype 1b recovered during 2016-2018 in Ontario, to describe the prevalence and spread of AZM resistance. We found that 72.3% (47/65) of cases were AZM-resistant (AZMR), of which 95.7% (45/47) were among males (P < 0.001). Whole-genome based phylogenetic analysis showed three major clusters, and 56.9% of isolates grouped within a single closely-related cluster (0-10 ∆SNP). A single AZMR clonal population was persistent over 3 years and involved 67.9% (36/53) of all male cases, and none reported international travel. In 2018, a different AZMR cluster appeared among adult males not reporting travel. A proportion of isolates (10.7%) with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (CIP) due to S83L mutation in gyrA were AZM susceptible, and 71.4% reported international travel. Resistance to AZM was due to the acquisition of mph gene-bearing incFII plasmids having > 95% nucleotide similarity to pKSR100. Plasmid-borne resistance limiting treatment options to AZM, ceftriaxone (CRO) and CIP was noted in a single isolate. We characterized AZMR isolates circulating locally among males and found that genomic analysis can support targeted prevention and mitigation strategies against antimicrobial-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alefiya Neemuchwala
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Zittermann
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Johnson
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dean Middleton
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick J Stapleton
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vithusha Ravirajan
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kirby Cronin
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa G Allen
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sinai Health, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samir N Patel
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Microbiology and Laboratory Science, Public Health Ontario, 661 University Ave, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The emergence of globally resistant enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella strains (NTS) has limited the selection of effective drugs, which has become a major challenge for the treatment of infections. The purpose of this review is to provide the current opinion on the antimicrobial-resistant enteric Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella . RECENT FINDINGS Enteric Shigella and NTS are resistant to almost all classes of antimicrobials in recent years. Those with co-resistance to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone, the first-line antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diarrhoea have emerged worldwide. Some of them have caused interregional and international spread by travel, trade, MSM, and polluted water sources. Several strains have even developed resistance to colistin, the last-resort antibiotic used for treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infections. SUMMARY The drug resistance of enteric Shigella and NTS is largely driven by the use of antibiotics and horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements. These two species show various drug resistance patterns in different regions and serotypes. Hence treatment decisions for Shigella and Salmonella infections need to take into consideration prevalent antimicrobial drug resistance patterns. It is worth noting that the resistance genes such as blaCTX,mph, ermB , qnr and mcr , which can cause resistance to ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, azithromycin and colistin are widespread because of transmission by IncFII, IncI1, IncI2 and IncB/O/K/Z plasmids. Therefore, continuous global monitoring of resistance in Shigella and Salmonella is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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50
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Knap K, Reczyńska-Kolman K, Kwiecień K, Niewolik D, Płonka J, Ochońska D, Jeleń P, Mielczarek P, Kazek-Kęsik A, Jaszcz K, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Pamuła E. Poly(sebacic acid) microparticles loaded with azithromycin as potential pulmonary drug delivery system: Physicochemical properties, antibacterial behavior, and cytocompatibility studies. Biomater Adv 2023; 153:213540. [PMID: 37429048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent bacterial infections are a common cause of death for patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Herein, we present the development of the degradable poly(sebacic acid) (PSA) microparticles loaded with different concentrations of azithromycin (AZ) as a potential powder formulation to deliver AZ locally to the lungs. We characterized microparticle size, morphology, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, interaction PSA with AZ and degradation profile in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antibacterial properties were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method against Staphylococcus aureus. Potential cytotoxicity was evaluated in BEAS-2B and A549 lung epithelial cells by the resazurin reduction assay and live/dead staining. The results show that microparticles are spherical and their size, being in the range of 1-5 μm, should be optimal for pulmonary delivery. The AZ encapsulation efficiency is nearly 100 % for all types of microparticles. The microparticles degradation rate is relatively fast - after 24 h their mass decreased by around 50 %. The antibacterial test showed that released AZ was able to successfully inhibit bacteria growth. The cytotoxicity test showed that the safe concentration of both unloaded and AZ-loaded microparticles was equal to 50 μg/ml. Thus, appropriate physicochemical properties, controlled degradation and drug release, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial behavior showed that our microparticles may be promising for the local treatment of lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Knap
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Reczyńska-Kolman
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Kwiecień
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Daria Niewolik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, ul. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Płonka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, ul. Krzywoustego 6, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Dorota Ochońska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, ul. Św. Anny 12, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Jeleń
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Mielczarek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, ul. Krzywoustego 6, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaszcz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, ul. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, ul. Św. Anny 12, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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