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Račić A, Jurišić Dukovski B, Lovrić J, Dobričić V, Vučen S, Micov A, Stepanović-Petrović R, Tomić M, Pecikoza U, Bajac J, Krajišnik D. Synergism of polysaccharide polymers in antihistamine eye drops: Influence on physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124033. [PMID: 38522490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of polymers into drug delivery vehicles has been shown to be a useful approach to prolong the residence time of drugs in the precorneal tear film and to improve penetration into biological membranes. The main objective of this research was to formulate novel viscous eye drops with ketotifen as the active ingredient, containing the polysaccharides: chitosan (MCH), hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) and hyaluronic acid (SH) alone and in combination as functional polymers. DSC and FT-IR techniques showed the compatibility between ketotifen and polymers. Physicochemical and rheological analysis at ambient and simulated physiological conditions, as well as the evaluation of mucoadhesive properties showed that vehicles containing combinations of polymers have suitable physicochemical and functional properties with demonstrated synergism between combined polymers (MCH and HPG i.e. SH and HPG). The drug permeability was successfully estimated in vitro using HCE-T cell-based models. MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the tested formulations were non-toxic and well tolerated. In vivo preclinical study on mice revealed that both vehicles containing mixed polymers enhanced and prolonged the antipruritic/analgesic-like effect of ophthalmic ketotifen. Based on these results, both combinations of polysaccharide polymers, especially SH-HPG, could be considered as potential new carriers for ketotifen for ophthalmic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđelka Račić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Save Mrkalja 14, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Bisera Jurišić Dukovski
- R&D, PLIVA Croatia Ltd., TEVA Group Member, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jasmina Lovrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sonja Vučen
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Ana Micov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Radica Stepanović-Petrović
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Maja Tomić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Uroš Pecikoza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Bajac
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zhang J, Li Y, Xie S, Lou H, Chen H, Zhang G. Baicalein glycymicelle ophthalmic solution: Preparation, in vitro antimicrobial activities, and antimicrobial mechanism evaluations. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123964. [PMID: 38430948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel baicalein (BAI) loaded glycymicelle ophthalmic solution with small molecule phytochemical glycyrrhizin as nanocarriers and to explore this solution's potential as an antimicrobial agent against ocular infections. The optimized BAI glycymicelles had a high encapsulation efficiency (98.76 ± 1.25 %), a small particle size (54.38 ± 2.41 nm), a uniform size distribution (polydispersity index = 0.293 ± 0.083), and a zeta potential of -28.3 ± 1.17 mV. The BAI glycymicelle ophthalmic solution exhibited an excellent short-term storage stability. BAI glycymicelles significantly increased the apparent solubility and in vitro release capability of BAI. The BAI glycymicelle ophthalmic solution exhibited no hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane' irritation and strong in vivo ocular tolerance in rabbits. The BAI glycymicelles noticeably enhanced the in vivo corneal permeation. The BAI glycymicelles also precipitated increased in vitro antioxidant activity and significantly improved in vitro antipathogen activities. Various antimicrobial mechanisms, including the destruction of the bacterial cell wall, damage to the bacterial cell membranes, interruptions to the biofilm structure, and the apoptosis of bacteria, were inflicted on BAI glycymicelles. These findings provided useful knowledge regarding the development of a novel ophthalmic solution and formulation of BAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- The Eighth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Sibin Xie
- Qingdao Central Medical Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Huadong Lou
- The Eighth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Guowen Zhang
- The Eighth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China.
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Sun M, Niu J, Zhang Y, Wang M, Shen Y, Chen X, Mao Y, Li Q. Keratin Formed Bioadhesive Ophthalmic Gel for the Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:77. [PMID: 38589761 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin has the potential to function as the gel matrix in an ophthalmic formulation for the encapsulation of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. The quality of this formulation was thoroughly evaluated through various analyses, such as in vitro release assessment, rheological examination, intraocular retention studies in rabbits, assessment of bacteriostatic efficacy, and safety evaluations. It is worth mentioning that the gel demonstrated shear thinning properties and exhibited characteristics of an elastic solid, thereby confirming its structural stability. The gel demonstrated a notable affinity for mucosal surfaces in comparison to traditional azithromycin aqueous solutions. In vitro release testing revealed that drug release transpired via diffusion mechanisms, following a first-order kinetic release pattern. Additionally, the formulated gel exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacteriostatic evaluations. Lastly, safety assessments confirmed that the gel eye drops induced minimal irritation and displayed no apparent cytotoxicity, indicating their good safety and biocompatibility for ocular application. Thus, these findings indicated that the prepared azithromycin gel eye drops complied with the requisite standards for ophthalmic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jialin Niu
- Ophthalmology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Mengrong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yujuan Mao
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qian Li
- School of Life Science & Technology China, Pharmaceutical University24# Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Paramjot, Wadhwa S, Sharma A, Singh SK, Vishwas S, Kumar R, Singh S, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Gupta G. A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Polymers in Ocular Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:16-37. [PMID: 36627785 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230110140312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Amongst different routes of drug delivery systems, ophthalmic drug delivery still requires a careful investigation and strict parameter measurements because the eyes are one of the most sensitive parts of the body and require special attention. The conventional systems for eyes lead to rapid elimination of formulation and hence very small contact time on the ocular epithelium. The current review article covers various types of polymers used in ocular drug delivery along with their applications/ limitations. Polymers are widely used by researchers in prodrug techniques and as a penetration enhancer in ocular delivery. This article covers the role and use of different polymeric systems which makes the final formulation a promising candidate for ophthalmic drug delivery. The researchers are still facing multiple challenges in order to maintain the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the eyes because of its complex structure. There are several barriers that further restrict the intraocular entry of the drug. In order to remove/reduce such challenges, these days various types of polymers are used for ocular delivery in order to develop different drug carrier systems for better efficacy and stability. The polymers used are highly helpful in increasing residence time by increasing the viscosity at the ocular epithelium layer. Such preparations also get easily permeated in ocular cells. The combination of different polymeric properties makes the final formulation stable with prolonged retention, high viscosity, high permeability, and better bioavailability, making the final formulation a promising candidate for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjot
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara -144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara -144411, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara -144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara -144411, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara -144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara -144411, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara -144411, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Alshammeri S. The effect on the five FDA soft contact lens material types of prolonged exposure to phospholipid-based eye drops. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:6523-6529. [PMID: 37522663 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_33122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of regular phospholipid tear supplement application on five soft contact lens materials (FDA Types I-V). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty unworn lenses of each lens type were assessed and given an identification number. An initial set of measurements was made on each lens before being immersed in the phospholipid tear supplement solution for one hour. After one hour, the lens was removed, gently rinsed in saline, and the measurements were repeated. This process was repeated for each lens, of each type. Each lens parameter was assessed in the sequence: Refractive Index (% H2O), Dioptric Power (BVP), Lens Diameter (OD), and Lens Curvature (BCOR). RESULTS All measurements of % H2O, BVP, OD and BCOR did not differ between baseline and after lenses being immersed in the phospholipid tear supplement solution for one hour [all soft contact lens materials (FDA Types I-V) p > 0.05]. However, in the type IV lenses, a statistically significant change in the % H2O was found. Only a 1% reduction was observed, and, in the investigator's opinion, the significance of these results is due more to a statistical anomaly produced by having very repeatable measurements showing very little variation. CONCLUSIONS The phospholipid tear supplement solution did not adversely change the physical parameters of unworn soft contact lenses, of the five FDA Types, to the extent that would be considered clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alshammeri
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
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Rohde F, Walther M, Wächter J, Knetzger N, Lotz C, Windbergs M. In-situ tear fluid dissolving nanofibers enable prolonged viscosity-enhanced dual drug delivery to the eye. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121513. [PMID: 35085733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid and semi-solid formulations are the most commonly used drug delivery systems for ophthalmic diseases. Upon application into the conjunctival sac, these systems introduce a variable and unphysiologically high liquid volume to the eye, resulting in overflow and extensive nasolacrimal drainage, accounting for dosing inaccuracy and short ocular residence time. In this study, we present nanofibrous electrospun scaffolds composed of biocompatible polymers, overcoming these challenges by immediate drug release. The fibers incorporate gentamicin and dexamethasone, intended for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Upon contact with the ocular surface, the nanofibers immediately dissolve in the tear fluid, quantitatively releasing the two actives, yielding over92% drug recovery, determined with fluorimetric and chromatographic quantifications methods. Simultaneously, the viscosity of the tear fluid increases, shown by complex viscometry measurements. A newly developed ex vivo microfluidic porcine cornea model was used to evaluated ocular residence time. In contrast to fluid eye drops, the contact time was significantly prolonged and 20min after application, an increase in drug availability on the ocular surface of 342% was observed. Biocompatibility of the polymer system was demonstrated in an OECD approved in vitro cornea model. The antibacterial activity after processing was evaluated according to EUCAST guidelines, and storage stability of the system was confirmed over a 12-week period. This innovative drug delivery system poses a highly promising platform technology, overcoming challenges associated with conventional dosage forms for drug delivery to the anterior eye and thus significantly advancing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rohde
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Walther
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Wächter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Knetzger
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Lotz
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Windbergs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Shi L, Li Z, Liang Z, Zhang J, Liu R, Chu D, Han L, Zhu L, Shen J, Li J. A dual-functional chitosan derivative platform for fungal keratitis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118762. [PMID: 34742450 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis remains a serious infectious ocular disease, and the traditional administration of eye drops is limited by ocular intrinsic barriers and drug shortages. Herein, we fabricated a chitosan-based dual-functional platform for ocular topical delivery of econazole. The platform can prolong the residence time on the ocular surface due to its strong interaction with the mucin layer by physical adhesion and covalent bonding, and also open corneal epithelial tight junctions for being positively charged, thereby enhancing corneal penetration of drug. Using these strategies, dosing concentration was reduced from 0.3 wt% to 0.1 wt%, dosing frequency was reduced from once-an-hour to twice-daily, in vitro and in vivo antifungal therapeutic effects were achieved and patient compliance could be improved. Given its high structural adaptability, many other ocular anterior segment-related diseases would benefit from this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqi Shi
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhanrong Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ruixing Liu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Dandan Chu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lei Han
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China.
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Yadav M, Schiavone N, Guzman-Aranguez A, Giansanti F, Papucci L, Perez de Lara MJ, Singh M, Kaur IP. Atorvastatin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as eye drops: proposed treatment option for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:919-944. [PMID: 32270439 PMCID: PMC7223242 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Statins, widely prescribed for cardiovascular diseases, are also being eyed for management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Poor bioavailability and blood-aqueous barrier may however limit significant ocular concentration of statins following oral administration. We for the first time propose and investigate local application of atorvastatin (ATS; representative statin) loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), as self-administrable eye drops. Insolubility, instability, and high molecular weight > 500 of ATS, and ensuring that SLNs reach posterior eye were the challenges to be met. ATS-SLNs, developed (2339/DEL/2014) using suitable components, quality-by-design (QBD) approach, and scalable hot high-pressure homogenization, were characterized and evaluated comprehensively for ocular suitability. ATS-SLNs were 8 and 12 times more bioavailable (AUC) in aqueous and vitreous humor, respectively, than free ATS. Three-tier (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) ocular safety, higher corneal flux (2.5-fold), and improved stability (13.62 times) including photostability of ATS on incorporation in ATS-SLNs were established. Autoclavability and aqueous nature are the other highlights of ATS-SLNs. Presence of intact fluorescein-labeled SLNs (F-SLNs) in internal eye tissues post–in vivo application as eye drops provides direct evidence of successful delivery. Perinuclear fluorescence in ARPE-19 cells confirms the effective uptake of F-SLNs. Prolonged residence, up to 7 h, was attributed to the mucus-penetrating nature of ATS-SLNs. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Guzman-Aranguez
- Facultad de Optica y Optometria, Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalon 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Giansanti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria J Perez de Lara
- Facultad de Optica y Optometria, Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalon 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Xu C, Lu J, Zhou L, Liang J, Fang L, Cao F. Multifunctional nanocomposite eye drops of cyclodextrin complex@layered double hydroxides for relay drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117800. [PMID: 33712148 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Topical drug delivery system to the posterior segment of the eye is facing many challenges, such as rapid drug elimination, low permeability, and low concentration at the targeted sites. To overcome these challenges, Multifunctional nanocomposite eye drops of dexamethasone-carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin@layered double hydroxides-glycylsarcosine (DEX-CM-β-CD@LDH-GS) were developed for relay drug delivery. Herein, our studies demonstrated that DEX-CM-β-CD@LDH-GS could penetrate through human conjunctival epithelial cells with an intact structure and exhibited integrity in the sclera of rabbits' eyes with in vivo fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging. Consequently, tissue distribution indicated that DEX-CM-β-CD@LDH-GS nanocomposite eye drops could maintain the effective therapeutic concentration of DEX in choroid-retina within 3 h. As a relay drug delivery system, drug-CD@LDH nanocomposites offer an efficient strategy for drug delivery from ocular surface to the posterior segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China; WuXi Clinical Development Services Co., Ltd, 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Jinhui Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Castiglia D, Fortugno P, Condorelli AG, Barresi S, De Luca N, Pizzi S, Neri I, Graziano C, Trojan D, Ponzin D, Rossi S, Zambruno G, Tartaglia M. A Novel Phenotype of Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa with Transient Skin Fragility and Predominant Ocular Involvement Responsive to Human Amniotic Membrane Eyedrops. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:716. [PMID: 34064633 PMCID: PMC8151857 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous skin fragility disorder frequently caused by mutations in genes encoding the epithelial laminin isoform, laminin-332. JEB patients also present mucosal involvement, including painful corneal lesions. Recurrent corneal abrasions may lead to corneal opacities and visual impairment. Current treatments are merely supportive. We report a novel JEB phenotype distinguished by the complete resolution of skin fragility in infancy and persistent ocular involvement with unremitting and painful corneal abrasions. Biallelic LAMB3 mutations c.3052-5C>G and c.3492_3493delCG were identified as the molecular basis for this phenotype, with one mutation being a hypomorphic splice variant that allows residual wild-type laminin-332 production. The reduced laminin-332 level was associated with impaired keratinocyte adhesion. Then, we also investigated the therapeutic power of a human amniotic membrane (AM) eyedrop preparation for corneal lesions. AM were isolated from placenta donors, according to a procedure preserving the AM biological characteristics as a tissue, and confirmed to contain laminin-332. We found that AM eyedrop preparation could restore keratinocyte adhesion in an in vitro assay. Of note, AM eyedrop administration to the patient resulted in long-lasting remission of her ocular manifestations. Our findings suggest that AM eyedrops could represent an effective, non-invasive, simple-to-handle treatment for corneal lesions in patients with JEB and possibly other EB forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Paola Fortugno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Angelo Giuseppe Condorelli
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.G.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Naomi De Luca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Iria Neri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Division of Dermatology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Claudio Graziano
- Medical Genetics, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Diego Ponzin
- The Veneto Eye Bank Foundation, 30174 Venice, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.G.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.P.); (M.T.)
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11
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Conde Penedo A, Díaz Tomé V, Fernández Ferreiro A, González Barcia M, Otero Espinar FJ. Enhancement in corneal permeability of riboflavin using cyclodextrin derivates complexes as a previous step to transepithelial cross-linking. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 162:12-22. [PMID: 33667681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Corneal cross-linking has been described as an effective treatment to slow the progression of keratoconus. The standard protocol entails corneal epithelial removal to allow the diffusion of riboflavin into the stroma. Although, de-epithelization can generate risks or complications that transepithelial cross-linking tries to solve or avoid. Different formulations were developed after verifying that hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and sulfobuthylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD) in a 20% concentration, increased the solubility of practically insoluble in water drugs such as riboflavin from 0.12 mg/mL to 0.35 mg/mL and 0.29 mg/mL respectively. These values were higher when chitosan and arginine were added to the formulation, showing solubility of 0.78 mg/mL when HPβCD concentration was not modified. Ex vivo corneal permeability was measured after having kept in contact bovine corneas with intact epithelium for 5 h with the 0.1 mg/mL riboflavin solution, the formulations developed and a reproduced nanoemulsion from another work. Riboflavin's permeability was increased when cyclodextrins, chitosan, and arginine were part of the formulations, compared to the control drug solution. The best permeability coefficient was reached when riboflavin was combined with 40% (w/v) HPβCD, 0.5% (w/w) arginine, and 0.5% (w/w) chitosan. After having carried out toxicity studies as bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) and Heńs Egg Test - Chorioallantoic Membrane Test (HET-CAM) it was verified that both, the active ingredients and the excipients of the different formulations were not harmful without generating irritation, loss of transparency or corneal permeability alterations. The results show the great potential of the ocular developed solution for their use in transepithelial cross-linking for keratoconus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conde Penedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Victoria Díaz Tomé
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Clinical Pharmacology Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Fernández Ferreiro
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Clinical Pharmacology Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Miguel González Barcia
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Clinical Pharmacology Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Otero Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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12
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Baikeli Y, Mamat X, He F, Xin X, Li Y, Aisa HA, Hu G. Electrochemical determination of chloramphenicol and metronidazole by using a glassy carbon electrode modified with iron, nitrogen co-doped nanoporous carbon derived from a metal-organic framework (type Fe/ZIF-8). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 204:111066. [PMID: 32781344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an iron-doped metal-organic framework (MOF) Fe/ZIF-8 was synthesized from ZIF-8 at room temperature. Direct carbonization of Fe/ZIF-8 under a nitrogen atmosphere produced nanoporous nitrogen doped carbon nanoparticles decorated with Fe component (Fe/NC). The Fe/NC exhibited a large surface area (1221.185 m2 g-1) and narrow pore-size distribution (3-5 nm). The nanoporous Fe/NC components along with Nafion were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical determination of chloramphenicol and metronidazole via linear sweep voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the reduction peak currents (observed at -0.237 V and -0.071 V vs. Ag/AgCl) of these analytes increased linearly with increasing chloramphenicol and metronidazole concentrations in the range of 0.1-100 μM and 0.5-30 μM, with the detection limits estimated to be 31 nM and 165 nM, respectively. This result was attributed to the large surface area, porous structure, high nitrogen content, and as well as the electrocatalytic effect of Fe atoms embeded in the carbon support. The proposed sensor was used for chloramphenicol and metronidazole analysis in samples, providing satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliyasi Baikeli
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xamxikamar Mamat
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xuelei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Haji Akbar Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
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13
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Di Marco S, Riccitelli S, Di Paolo M, Campos E, Buzzi M, Bisti S, Versura P. Cord Blood Serum (CBS)-Based Eye Drops Modulate Light-Induced Neurodegeneration in Albino Rat Retinas. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050678. [PMID: 32354031 PMCID: PMC7277721 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of visual loss in western countries, it has no cure, and its incidence will grow in the future, for the overall population aging. Albino rats with retinal degeneration induced by exposure to high-intensity light (light-damage, LD) have been extensively used as a model of AMD to test neuroprotective agents. Among them, trophic factors (NGF and BDNF) have been shown to play a significant role in photoreceptors' survival. Interestingly, cord blood serum (CBS) is an extract full of chemokines and trophic factors; we, therefore, hypothesized that CBS could be an excellent candidate for neuroprotection. Here, we investigate whether CBS-based eye drops might mitigate the effects of light-induced retinal degeneration in albino rats. CBS treatment significantly preserved flash-electroretinogram (f-ERG) response after LD and reduced the "hot-spot" extension. Besides, CBS-treated animals better preserved the morphology of the outer nuclear layer, together with a reduction in microglia migration and activation. Interestingly, the treatment did not modulate reactive gliosis and activation of the self-protective mechanism (FGF2). In conclusion, our results suggest that CBS-based eye drops might be successfully used to mitigate retinal neurodegenerative processes such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Marco
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Via Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Serena Riccitelli
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Paolo
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Emilio Campos
- Ophthalmology Unit, University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Buzzi
- Emilia Romagna, Cord Blood Bank-Transfusion Service, S. Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Bisti
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito II, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Via Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
- NetS3 Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Piera Versura
- Ophthalmology Unit, University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Teaching Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Lin S, Ge C, Wang D, Xie Q, Wu B, Wang J, Nan K, Zheng Q, Chen W. Overcoming the Anatomical and Physiological Barriers in Topical Eye Surface Medication Using a Peptide-Decorated Polymeric Micelle. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:39603-39612. [PMID: 31580053 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The sealed anatomical features of the eye and its physiological activity that rapidly removes drugs are called anatomical and physiological barriers, which are the cause of more than 90% of drug loss. This aspect remains a critical issue in eye surface medication. Thus, promoting tissue permeability of drugs as well as prolonging their retention on the eye surface can improve their bioavailability and enhance their therapeutic effects. Thanks to the existence of a negatively charged mucin layer on the eye surface, several peptide-decorated polymeric micelles were prepared to enhance the interaction between the micelle and eye surface, thus prolonging the drug retention on the eye surface and promoting its tissue permeability. Tacrolimus (also known as FK506) is a hydrophobic macrolide immunosuppressant used to treat dry eye syndrome and other eye diseases. However, its hydrophobic nature makes its delivery as a topical eye surface medication difficult, with the risk of side effects due to overdoses. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the ability of FK506 micelles in promoting their permeability on the eye surface. Our results showed that the positively charged nanomicelles could significantly prolong FK506 retention on the eye surface and enhance its corneal permeability in ex vivo and in vivo conditions. FK506 nanomicelles exhibited superior curing effects against dry eye diseases than the FK506 suspension and a commercial FK506 formula. It exerted better inhibitory effects on eye surface inflammation and corneal epithelium apoptosis when examined by a slip lamp and a transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, respectively. Further assays revealed the higher suppressive effects on the expression of several inflammation-related factors at an mRNA and protein level. Hence, our results suggested that these positively charged nanomicelles might be a good drug delivery system for ocular surface medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering , Wenzhou 325000 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaihui Nan
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering , Wenzhou 325000 , China
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15
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Prado SB, Ayora ACR, Campa AT. Measurement of Free Iodine in Different Formulations of Povidone-Iodine Eye Drops 5. Int J Pharm Compd 2019; 23:418-421. [PMID: 31513541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple studies in the literature that support the use of povidone iodine in the preparation of the surgical field of cataract as the most effective means to reduce the bacteria present in the ocular surface and the risk of infection. The concentration of free iodine is related to the antiseptic activity of these compounds, being, therefore, a good indicator of its effectiveness. The objective of this study was to determine the amount of free iodine and the evolution of it in different formulations of povidone iodine eye drops. The povidone iodine 5% eye drops were prepared starting from Betadine 10% dermal or the active principle and using a solvent, phosphate-citrate buffer solution, and sodium chloride 0.9% or sterile water for injection. Aliquots of 5 mL were packed in low-absorption absorption eye drops, topaz glass vials, and polyethylene syringe. The determination of free iodine was made by volumetric titration. Titration was performed with 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate using a starch solution as an indicator. Of the 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate, 1 mL is equivalent to 12.69 mg of available iodine, and it is expressed as a percentage of free iodine in the iodized povidone (% free iodine). Eyewash titrations were performed by replacing the substance with 5 mL of eye drops and following the remaining steps. Valuations were made on days 0, 7, and 14, as well as the measurement of pH and osmolarity. The results show that there are no differences between the average results at the three measurements taken on days 0, 7, and 14. We conclude that the free iodine remains stable during the stability period of 14 days. Regarding the pH and osmolarity data, the authors believe that the best tolerated formula will be that elaborated with povidone iodine and a phosphate- citrate buffer solution.
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Wu K, Gore A, Graham R, Meller R. Solubilization of Cyclosporine in Topical Ophthalmic Formulations: Preformulation Risk Assessment on a New Solid Form. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3233-3239. [PMID: 31228492 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the discovery of a less soluble crystalline form (form 2) of cyclosporine (CsA), risks in solubility and physical stability of these formulations need to be revisited. This work focused on understanding the solubility behavior of various CsA forms in different media, including water, castor oil, and selected cosolvent micellar systems. In water, form 2 was approximately 8-9 times less soluble than form 1 (aka. tetragonal dihydrate). In neat nonaqueous solvent, for example, castor oil, form 3 (aka. orthorhombic hydrate) was found to have the lowest solubility and therefore the most stable form. In addition, the solubility-temperature relationship of CsA is complex and solvent-dependent. In aqueous vehicles, retrograde temperature dependence of solubility was observed in aqueous vehicles, that is, the solubility of CsA decreased with temperature, which was attributed to the effect of temperature on the strength of hydrogen bonding interactions; conversely, the solubility of CsA increased with temperature in nonaqueous solvents. In addition, the solubility of these CsA forms was very sensitive to temperature. Temperature-dependent form transformation was also observed in the media studied, with faster form conversion occurring at elevated temperatures. These studies provided key information to support the risk assessment for topical ophthalmic formulation development of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Allergan Plc, Irvine, California 92612.
| | - Anu Gore
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Allergan Plc, Irvine, California 92612
| | - Richard Graham
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Allergan Plc, Irvine, California 92612
| | - Richard Meller
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Allergan Plc, Irvine, California 92612
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Wright CB, Becker SM, Low LA, Tagle DA, Sieving PA. Improved Ocular Tissue Models and Eye-On-A-Chip Technologies Will Facilitate Ophthalmic Drug Development. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:25-29. [PMID: 31166829 PMCID: PMC6985761 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe efforts by the National Eye Institute (NEI) and National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) to catalyze advances in 3-dimensional (3-D) ocular organoid and microphysiological systems (MPS). We reviewed the recent literature regarding ocular organoids and tissue chips. Animal models, 2-dimensional cell culture models, and postmortem human tissue samples provide the vision research community with insights critical to understanding pathophysiology and therapeutic development. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies provide researchers with enticing new approaches and tools that augment study in more traditional models to provide the scientific community with insights that have previously been impossible to obtain. Efforts by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have already accelerated the pace of scientific discovery, and recent advances in ocular organoid and MPS modeling approaches have opened new avenues of investigation. In addition to more closely recapitulating the morphologies and physiological responses of in vivo human tissue, key breakthroughs have been made in the past year to resolve long-standing scientific questions regarding tissue development, molecular signaling, and pathophysiological mechanisms that promise to provide advances critical to therapeutic development and patient care. 3-D tissue culture modeling and MPS offer platforms for future high-throughput testing of therapeutic candidates and studies of gene interactions to improve models of complex genetic diseases with no well-defined etiology, such as age-related macular degeneration and Fuchs' dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Wright
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven M. Becker
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucie A. Low
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danilo A. Tagle
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul A. Sieving
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Thilakarathne DS, Coppo MJC, Hartley CA, Diaz-Méndez A, Quinteros JA, Fakhri O, Vaz PK, Devlin JM. Attenuated infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccines differ in their capacity to establish latency in the trigeminal ganglia of specific pathogen free chickens following eye drop inoculation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213866. [PMID: 30921344 PMCID: PMC6438565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a respiratory disease that affects chickens. It is caused by the alphaherpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). This virus undergoes lytic replication in the epithelial cells of the trachea and upper respiratory tract (URT) and establishes latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and trachea. Live attenuated vaccines are widely used to control ILT. At least one of these vaccines can establish latent infections in chickens, but this has not been demonstrated for all vaccines. The aim of the current study was to determine the capacity of three commercially available vaccines (SA2, A20 and Serva) and a glycoprotein G deletion mutant vaccine candidate (ΔgG ILTV) to establish latent infection in the TG of specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. Five groups of 7-day-old SPF chickens were eye-drop vaccinated with either one of the vaccine strains or mock-vaccinated with sterile media and followed until 20 or 21 days post-vaccination (dpv). ILTV DNA was detected at 20–21 dpv in the TG of 23/40 (57.5%) vaccinated SPF chickens (SA2 = 10/10; A20 = 6/10; Serva = 3/10; ΔgG = 4/10) by PCR, but virus could not be reactivated from TG co-cultivated with primary chicken embryo kidney cells. In the birds from which ILTV DNA was detected in the TG, ILTV DNA could not be detected in the URT or trachea of 3 birds in each of the SA2, A20 and Serva vaccinated groups, and in 4 birds in the ΔgG vaccinated group, indicating that these birds were latently infected in the absence of active lytic replication and virus shedding. Results from this study demonstrate the capacity of commercial ILTV vaccines to establish latent infections and underline their importance in the epidemiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulari S. Thilakarathne
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mauricio J. C. Coppo
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol A. Hartley
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrés Diaz-Méndez
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - José A. Quinteros
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Omid Fakhri
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola K. Vaz
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Devlin
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Li YJ, Luo LJ, Harroun SG, Wei SC, Unnikrishnan B, Chang HT, Huang YF, Lai JY, Huang CC. Synergistically dual-functional nano eye-drops for simultaneous anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative treatment of dry eye disease. Nanoscale 2019; 11:5580-5594. [PMID: 30860532 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00376b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid and straightforward topical treatment method for dry eye disease (DED) using poly(catechin) capped-gold nanoparticles (Au@Poly-CH NPs) carrying amfenac [AF; a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)] through effective attenuation of ocular surface tissue damage in dry eyes. A dual-targeted strategy based on ocular therapeutics was adopted to simultaneously block the cyclooxygenase enzymes-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress, the primary two causes of DED. The self-assembled core-shell Au@Poly-CH NPs synthesized via a simple reaction between tetrachloroaurate(iii) and catechin possess a poly(catechin) shell (∼20 nm) on the surface of each Au NP (∼60 nm). The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of AF/Au@Poly-CH NPs were evaluated by DCFH-DA and prostaglandin E2/VEGF assays, respectively. Our results demonstrate that Au@Poly-CH NPs not only act as an anti-oxidant to suppress ROS-mediated processes, but also serve as a drug carrier of AF for a synergistic effect on anti-inflammation. In vivo biocompatibility studies show good tolerability of AF/Au@Poly-CH NPs for potential use in the treatment of ocular surface pathologies. The dual-targeted therapeutic effects of AF/Au@Poly-CH NPs lead to rapid recovery from DED in a rabbit model. Au@Poly-CH NPs loaded with NSAIDs is a promising multifunctional nanocomposite for treating various inflammation- and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
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Samy KE, Cao Y, Kim J, Konichi da Silva NR, Phone A, Bloomer MM, Bhisitkul RB, Desai TA. Co-Delivery of Timolol and Brimonidine with a Polymer Thin-Film Intraocular Device. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 35:124-131. [PMID: 30615539 PMCID: PMC6450452 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a polycaprolactone (PCL) co-delivery implant that achieves zero-order release of 2 ocular hypotensive agents, timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate. We also demonstrate intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of the implant for 3 months in vivo. METHODS Two PCL thin-film compartments were attached to form a V-shaped co-delivery device using film thicknesses of ∼40 and 20 μm for timolol and brimonidine compartments, respectively. In vitro release kinetics were measured in pH- and temperature-controlled fluid chambers. Empty or drug-loaded devices were implanted intracamerally in normotensive rabbits for up to 13 weeks with weekly measurements of IOP. For ocular concentrations, rabbits were euthanized at 4, 8, or 13 weeks, aqueous fluid was collected, and ocular tissues were dissected. Drug concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS In vitro studies show zero-order release kinetics for both timolol (1.75 μg/day) and brimonidine (0.48 μg/day) for up to 60 days. In rabbit eyes, the device achieved an average aqueous fluid concentration of 98.1 ± 68.3 ng/mL for timolol and 5.5 ± 3.6 ng/mL for brimonidine. Over 13 weeks, the drug-loaded co-delivery device resulted in a statistically significant cumulative reduction in IOP compared to untreated eyes (P < 0.05) and empty-device eyes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The co-delivery device demonstrated a zero-order release profile in vitro for 2 hypotensive agents over 60 days. In vivo, the device led to significant cumulative IOP reduction of 3.4 ± 1.6 mmHg over 13 weeks. Acceptable ocular tolerance was seen, and systemic drug levels were unmeasurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Samy
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | - Yiqi Cao
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | - Jean Kim
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Audrey Phone
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michele M. Bloomer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert B. Bhisitkul
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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21
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Bellotti E, Fedorchak MV, Velankar S, Little SR. Tuning of thermoresponsive pNIPAAm hydrogels for the topical retention of controlled release ocular therapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1276-1283. [PMID: 30931126 PMCID: PMC6437675 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low patient compliance and poor bioavailability of ophthalmic medications are the main limitations of topical eye drops. A potential solution to these disadvantages could be provided by thermoresponsive hydrogels, which could be used as the basis for a gelling eye drop for long-term release of therapeutics. We previously reported such a system capable of being retained in the lower fornix of rabbits, continuously releasing an anti-glaucoma drug for one month. Here, we sought to improve the properties of the existing gels as most relevant to patient use without altering the drug release profile. Specifically, we optimized the sol-to-gel transition temperature and de-swelling kinetics of pNIPAAm gels to avoid risk of the gelled drop reverting to liquid during cold or windy weather, and ensure quick gelation upon administration. A reduction of the gel LCST, faster gelation kinetics, and suitable viscosity for the administration as an eye drop were successfully achieved through modification of the poly(ethylene glycol) content in the water phase and its molecular weight. Our data suggest that drug release is not affected by these changes, with representative drug concentration profiles of the previous and new formulations demonstrating comparable anti-glaucoma release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bellotti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Morgan V. Fedorchak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Sachin Velankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Steven R. Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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22
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Ragab MAA, El-Kimary EI. Investigation of the spectrofluorimetric behavior of azelastine and nepafenac: Determination in ophthalmic dosage forms. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 204:260-266. [PMID: 29936223 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The first spectrofluorimetric report investigating the fluorimetric behavior of the antihistaminic drug, azelastine (AZEL), and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, nepafenac (NEP), either in bulk or in their dosage forms, eye drops and ophthalmic suspension. After a full investigation of the factors that may influence their spectrofluorimetric behavior: pH, different organized media and organic solvents, the optimum factors were set in order to enable the analysis of each drug with maximum sensitivity. The AZEL spectrofluorimetric analysis was set at 286/364 (λex/λem) in distilled water while for NEP, the analysis was set at 228/303 (λex/λem) in methanol. The linearity range for AZEL was from 0.1 to 1.5 μg/mL while that of NEP was from 0.2 to 1.5 μg/mL. The linearity yielded good regression parameters with low LOD (0.022 and 0.032 μg/mL for AZEL and NEP, respectively) and LOQ (0.073 and 1.08 μg/mL for AZEL and NEP, respectively) when compared with those obtained from many previous spectroscopic and chromatographic reports in literature. The method was ICH validated and was applied to the analysis of AZEL and NEP with good selectivity regarding the inactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A A Ragab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Eman I El-Kimary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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23
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Andalib S, Rizwani GH, Sharif H, Arman M. Chemical and toxicological studies on different brands of Asmad (Antimony sulphide) available in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:2591-2595. [PMID: 30587466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eye is the most beautiful, important and sensitive organ of human body. It is not only linked with visionary complex optical system also has the ability to differentiate among the millions of colors. The apparent human personality is also associated with it. Asmad/Antimony Sulfide/Kohl/Surma powder is one of the eye preparation has been used since ancient time. There are several aesthetic and ophthalmic preparations available for human eye and they have closed association between the aesthetic and medicinal significance such as cleansing, soothing, strengthening and anti-infectious actions along with beautifying purpose of eye. The main objective of present research is to provide scientific findings regarding beneficial and toxic effects of Asmad products available in market for the frequent users. The chemical and toxicological investigations on ten selected famous brands of Pakistan samples (PHS1, PHS2, PLS, PMS and PSS) and Saudi Arabia samples (SBS, SAS, SHS, SMS and STS) were carried out through advanced and sophisticated technique Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) linked with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) which is used to determine the presence different percentages of organic and inorganic elements in all the brands of Pakistani and Saudi Arabian samples. The safety and toxicity depends on the Na, Mg, Ca, K, Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Bi, Si, O, C, S and Pb percentages respectively of the Asmad products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadman Andalib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Huma Sharif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Irimia T, Dinu-Pîrvu CE, Ghica MV, Lupuleasa D, Muntean DL, Udeanu DI, Popa L. Chitosan-Based In Situ Gels for Ocular Delivery of Therapeutics: A State-of-the-Art Review. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E373. [PMID: 30304825 PMCID: PMC6212818 DOI: 10.3390/md16100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular in situ gels are a promising alternative to overcome drawbacks of conventional eye drops because they associate the advantages of solutions such as accuracy and reproducibility of dosing, or ease of administration with prolonged contact time of ointments. Chitosan is a natural polymer suitable for use in ophthalmic formulations due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesive character, antibacterial and antifungal properties, permeation enhancement and corneal wound healing effects. The combination of chitosan, pH-sensitive polymer, with other stimuli-responsive polymers leads to increased mechanical strength of formulations and an improved therapeutic effect due to prolonged ocular contact time. This review describes in situ gelling systems resulting from the association of chitosan with various stimuli-responsive polymers with emphasis on the mechanism of gel formation and application in ophthalmology. It also comprises the main techniques for evaluation of chitosan in situ gels, along with requirements of safety and ocular tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Irimia
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Violeta Ghica
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Dumitru Lupuleasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Daniela-Lucia Muntean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Analysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş 540138, Romania.
| | - Denisa Ioana Udeanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Lăcrămioara Popa
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest 020956, Romania.
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Abstract
The development of ophthalmic drug delivery systems is a long and comprehensive process including research, nonclinical, and clinical development stages. It is critical to understand the similarity and differences between animal models and patients. There are many anatomically and physiologically important parameters for targeted drug delivery into eyes. This paper reviews the constraints to various routes of ocular drug delivery and discusses the respective pharmacokinetic considerations, to lay the foundation for formulation approaches pharmaceutical scientists can use to maximize successful drug delivery for each route. The overall goal is to give both researchers and drug developers a better understanding of ocular drug delivery and offer tools to successfully develop new medicines that will fulfil unmet medical needs and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Nonclinical and Translational Sciences, Allergan, Plc, 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, California, 92612, USA.
| | - Guang Wei Lu
- Ophthalmic Product Development, TWi Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Taipei, China
| | - Patrick Hughes
- Applied Research, Glaukos Corp, San Clemente, California, USA
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26
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Hsiao F, Huang PY, Aoyagi T, Chang SF, Liaw J. In vitro and in vivo assessment of delivery of hydrophobic molecules and plasmid DNAs with PEO–PPO–PEO polymeric micelles on cornea. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:869-878. [PMID: 29567259 PMCID: PMC9322236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability and bio-distribution of genes or drug complexes with poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO, Pluronic F-68) polymeric micelles (PM) are essential for an effective nanosized PM delivery system. We used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with PM and measured the FRET ratio to assess the stability of PM in vitro and in vivo on the cornea. The FRET ratio reached a plateau at 0.8 with 3% PM. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement confirmed the complex formation of FRET pairs with PM. Confocal imaging with the fluorophores fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and rhodamine B base (RhB) also showed the occurrence of FRET pairs in vitro. The fluorophores were mixed with 3% PM solution or the FITC-labeled PEO–PPO–PEO polymers (FITC-P) were mixed with RhB-labeled plasmids (RhB–DNA). In addition, the in vitro corneal permeation of FRET pair complexes with PM reached a 0.8 FRET ratio. One hour after eye drop administration, FRET pairs colocalized in the cytoplasm, and surrounded and entered the nuclei of cells in the cornea, and the polymers were located in the corneal epithelial layers, as detected through anti-PEG immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, fluorescence colocalization in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus of the corneal epithelium was confirmed in tissues where RhB or RhB–DNA complexed with FITC-P was found to accumulate. We demonstrate that at a concentration of 3%, PM can encapsulate FRET pairs or RhB–DNA and retain their integrity within the cornea 1 h after administration, suggesting the feasibility and stability of PEO–PPO–PEO polymers as a vehicle for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feichin Hsiao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031,
Taiwan
| | - Po-Yang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031,
Taiwan
| | - Takao Aoyagi
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8308,
Japan
| | - Shwu-Fen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031,
Taiwan
| | - Jiahorng Liaw
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +886 2 23779873. E-mail address: (J. Liaw)
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27
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Afify EAMR, Elsayed I, Gad MK, Mohamed MI, Afify AEMMR. Enhancement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacological behavior of ocular dorzolamide after factorial optimization of self-assembled nanostructures. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191415. [PMID: 29401498 PMCID: PMC5798776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorzolamide hydrochloride is frequently administered for the control of the intra-ocular pressure associated with glaucoma. The aim of this study is to develop and optimize self-assembled nanostructures of dorzolamide hydrochloride and L-α-Phosphatidylcholine to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters and extend the drug pharmacological action. Self-assembled nanostructures were prepared using a modified thin-film hydration technique. The formulae compositions were designed based on response surface statistical design. The prepared self-assembled nanostructures were characterized by testing their drug content, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, partition coefficient, release half-life and extent. The optimized formulae having the highest drug content, zeta potential, partition coefficient, release half-life and extent with the lowest particle size and polydispersity index were subjected to further investigations including investigation of their physicochemical, morphological characteristics, in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. The optimized formulae were prepared at pH 8.7 (F5 and F6) and composed of L-α-Phosphatidylcholine and drug mixed in a ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 w/w, respectively. They showed significantly higher Cmax, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at the aqueous humor with extended control over the intra-ocular pressure, when compared to the marketed product; Trusopt®. The study introduced novel and promising self-assembled formulae able to permeate higher drug amount through the cornea and achieve sustained pharmacological effect at the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mary K. Gad
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdy I. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Burgalassi S, Cappello B, Chetoni P, Iervolino M, Monti D, Saettone MF. Rufloxacin Eyedrops: Effect of Different Formulations on Ocular Pharmacokinetics in Rabbits. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 16:311-7. [PMID: 16703552 DOI: 10.1177/112067210601600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the aqueous humor pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in rabbits after topical administration of different formulations, and to individuate the ones showing the best pharmacokinetic profile. METHODS Six formulations were instilled in rabbit eyes: two pH 7.2 suspensions of non-salified rufloxacin base, or zwitterion (RUF), one of which was viscosized with tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP); two pH 7.2 solutions of RUF obtained using hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD), one of which was viscosized with TSP; and two pH 5.0 solutions of rufloxacin hydrochloride (RUF-HCl ), one of which was viscosized with TSP. At different times after administration, samples of aqueous humor were withdrawn and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of RUF in the aqueous humor produced by the different formulations were calculated and statistical differences were assessed. RESULTS The best results, in terms of aqueous humor bioavailability, were observed with two TSP-viscosized formulations: a solution of the hydrochloride (TSP/RUF-HCl) and a suspension of the base (TSP/RUF), followed by the non-viscosized solution of RUF-HCl. The formulations containing CD-solubilized RUF were much less effective. CONCLUSIONS The present data confirm the significant availability-enhancing properties of tamarind seed polysaccharide, and indicate that solubilization of RUF with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD/RUF) results in decreased drug availability with respect to standard formulations. Two of the TSP-viscosized formulations (RUF suspension and RUF-HCl solution) produced aqueous humor RUF concentrations in the range of activity against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thus warranting further studies on applications of rufloxacin in ocular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burgalassi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biopharmaceutics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Silva MM, Calado R, Marto J, Bettencourt A, Almeida AJ, Gonçalves LMD. Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System for Ocular Administration. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120370. [PMID: 29194378 PMCID: PMC5742830 DOI: 10.3390/md15120370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical approaches based on nanotechnologies and the development of eye drops composed of the mucoadhesive polymers chitosan and hyaluronic acid are emerging strategies for the efficient treatment of ocular diseases. These innovative nanoparticulate systems aim to increase drugs’ bioavailability at the ocular surface. For the successful development of these systems, the evaluation of mucoahesiveness (the interaction between the ocular delivery system and mucins present on the eye) is of utmost importance. In this context, the aim of the present work was to investigate the mucoadhesivity of a novel nanoparticle eye drop formulation containing an antibiotic (ceftazidime) intended to treat eye infections. Eye drop formulations comprised a polymer (hydroxypropyl) methyl cellulose (HPMC) 0.75% (w/v) in an isotonic solution incorporating chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)-hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles containing ceftazidime. The viscosity of the nanoparticles, and the gels incorporating the nanoparticles were characterized in contact with mucin at different mass ratios, allowing the calculation of the rheological synergism parameter (∆η). Results showed that at different nanoparticle eye formulation:mucin weight ratios, a minimum in viscosity occurred which resulted in a negative rheological synergism. Additionally, the results highlighted the mucoadhesivity of the novel ocular formulation and its ability to interact with the ocular surface, thus increasing the drug residence time in the eye. Moreover, the in vitro release and permeation studies showed a prolonged drug release profile from the chitosan/TPP-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles gel formulation. Furthermore, the gel formulations were not cytotoxic on ARPE-19 and HEK293T cell lines, evaluated by the metabolic and membrane integrity tests. The formulation was stable and the drug active, as shown by microbiological studies. In conclusion, chitosan/TPP-hyaluronic acid nanoparticle eye drop formulations are a promising platform for ocular drug delivery with enhanced mucoadhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Calado
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Laboratório Edol, Produtos Farmacêuticos S.A., 2795-225 Linda-a-Velha, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - António J Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Lídia M D Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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30
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Hsu KH, Gupta K, Nayaka H, Donthi A, Kaul S, Chauhan A. Multidose Preservative Free Eyedrops by Selective Removal of Benzalkonium Chloride from Ocular Formulations. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2862-2872. [PMID: 29067592 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE About 70% of eye drops contain benzalkonium chloride (BAK) to maintain sterility. BAK is an effective preservative but it can cause irritation and toxicity. We propose to mitigate ocular toxicity without compromising sterility by incorporating a filter into an eye drop bottle to selectively remove BAK during the process of drop instillation. METHODS The filter is a packed bed of particles made from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), which is a common ophthalmic material. We showed that pHEMA particle prepared by using ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate as crosslinker can be incorporated into a modified eyedrop bottle tip to selectively remove the preservative as the formulation is squeezed out of the bottle. Hydraulic permeability of the plug is measured to determine the resistance to eye drop squeezing, and % removal of BAK and drugs are determined. RESULTS The modified tip has a hydraulic permeability of about 2 Darcy, which allows eyedrops formulations to flow through without excessive resistance. The tip is designed such that the patients can create an eyedrop of solution of 1-10 cP viscosity in 4 s with a nominal pressure. During this short contact time, the packed particles removed nearly 100% of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) from a 15 mL, 0.012% BAK solution but have only minimal impact on the concentration of contained active components. CONCLUSION Our novel design can eliminate the preservative induced toxicity from eye drops thereby impacting hundreds of millions of patients with chronic ophthalmic diseases like glaucoma and dry eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hui Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6005, USA
| | - Karishma Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6005, USA
| | - Harish Nayaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6005, USA
| | - Aashrit Donthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6005, USA
| | - Siddarth Kaul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6005, USA
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6005, USA.
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31
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Jian HJ, Wu RS, Lin TY, Li YJ, Lin HJ, Harroun SG, Lai JY, Huang CC. Super-Cationic Carbon Quantum Dots Synthesized from Spermidine as an Eye Drop Formulation for Topical Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis. ACS Nano 2017; 11:6703-6716. [PMID: 28677399 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a one-step method to synthesize carbon quantum dots (CQDPAs) from biogenic polyamines (PAs) as an antibacterial agent for topical treatment of bacterial keratitis (BK). CQDs synthesized by direct pyrolysis of spermidine (Spd) powder through a simple dry heating treatment exhibit a solubility and yield much higher than those from putrescine and spermine. We demonstrate that CQDs obtained from Spds (CQDSpds) possess effective antibacterial activities against non-multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis bacteria and also against the multidrug-resistant bacteria, methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CQDSpds is ∼2500-fold lower than that of spermidine alone, demonstrating their strong antibacterial capabilities. Investigation of the possible mechanisms behind the antibacterial activities of the as-synthesized CQDSpds indicates that the super-cationic CQDSpds with small size (diameter ca. 6 nm) and highly positive charge (ζ-potential ca. +45 mV) cause severe disruption of the bacterial membrane. In vitro cytotoxicity, hemolysis, hemagglutination, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress and in vivo morphologic and physiologic cornea change evaluations show the good biocompatibility of CQDSpds. Furthermore, topical ocular administration of CQDSpds can induce the opening of the tight junction of corneal epithelial cells, thereby leading to great antibacterial treatment of S. aureus-induced BK in rabbits. Our results suggest that CQDSpds are a promising antibacterial candidate for clinical applications in treating eye-related bacterial infections and even persistent bacteria-induced infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jyuan Jian
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Siang Wu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Li
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Scott G Harroun
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Lin CW, Sherman B, Moore LA, Laethem CL, Lu DW, Pattabiraman PP, Rao PV, deLong MA, Kopczynski CC. Discovery and Preclinical Development of Netarsudil, a Novel Ocular Hypotensive Agent for the Treatment of Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 34:40-51. [PMID: 28609185 PMCID: PMC5963640 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors lower intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The preclinical characterization of netarsudil, a new ROCK/norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor currently in clinical development, is presented herein. METHODS The kinase inhibitory activity of netarsudil was compared to its esterase metabolite, netarsudil-M1, and 3 other ROCK inhibitors using a commercially available kinase assay kit. Disruption of actin stress fibers was measured in primary porcine TM cells and disruption of focal adhesions in transformed human TM (HTM) cells. Induction of fibrosis markers after exposure to transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) was conducted in primary HTM cells. Ocular hypotensive activity and tolerability of topical formulations were evaluated in normotensive Dutch Belted rabbits and Formosan Rock monkeys. In vitro corneal metabolism assays were conducted using dog, pig, rabbit, monkey, and human corneas. In vivo ocular pharmacokinetics was studied in Dutch Belted rabbits. RESULTS Netarsudil inhibited kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 with a Ki of 1 nM each, disrupted actin stress fibers and focal adhesions in TM cells with IC50s of 79 and 16 nM, respectively, and blocked the profibrotic effects of TGF-β2 in HTM cells. Netarsudil produced large reductions in IOP in rabbits and monkeys that were sustained for at least 24 h after once daily dosing, with transient, mild hyperemia observed as the only adverse effect. CONCLUSION Netarsudil is a novel ROCK/NET inhibitor with high potency in biochemical and cell-based assays, an ability to produce large and durable IOP reductions in animal models, and favorable pharmacokinetic and ocular tolerability profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Da-Wen Lu
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Ponugoti Vasantha Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Lallemand F, Schmitt M, Bourges JL, Gurny R, Benita S, Garrigue JS. Cyclosporine A delivery to the eye: A comprehensive review of academic and industrial efforts. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:14-28. [PMID: 28315447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Local ocular delivery of cyclosporine A (CsA) is the preferred method for CsA delivery as a treatment for ocular inflammatory diseases such as uveitis, corneal healing, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and dry eye disease. However, due to the large molecular weight and hydrophobic nature of CsA and the natural protective mechanisms of the eye, achieving therapeutic levels of CsA in ocular tissues can be difficult. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the current products available to clinicians as well as emerging drug delivery solutions that have been developed at both the academic and industry levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Louis Bourges
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paris Descartes School of Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Robert Gurny
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon Benita
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Israel
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Mandal A, Bisht R, Rupenthal ID, Mitra AK. Polymeric micelles for ocular drug delivery: From structural frameworks to recent preclinical studies. J Control Release 2017; 248:96-116. [PMID: 28087407 PMCID: PMC5319397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective intraocular drug delivery poses a major challenge due to the presence of various elimination mechanisms and physiological barriers that result in low ocular bioavailability after topical application. Over the past decades, polymeric micelles have emerged as one of the most promising drug delivery platforms for the management of ocular diseases affecting the anterior (dry eye syndrome) and posterior (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma) segments of the eye. Promising preclinical efficacy results from both in-vitro and in-vivo animal studies have led to their steady progression through clinical trials. The mucoadhesive nature of these polymeric micelles results in enhanced contact with the ocular surface while their small size allows better tissue penetration. Most importantly, being highly water soluble, these polymeric micelles generate clear aqueous solutions which allows easy application in the form of eye drops without any vision interference. Enhanced stability, larger cargo capacity, non-toxicity, ease of surface modification and controlled drug release are additional advantages with polymeric micelles. Finally, simple and cost effective fabrication techniques render their industrial acceptance relatively high. This review summarizes structural frameworks, methods of preparation, physicochemical properties, patented inventions and recent advances of these micelles as effective carriers for ocular drug delivery highlighting their performance in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirup Mandal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Rohit Bisht
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit (BOTU), Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit (BOTU), Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashim K Mitra
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Kotreka UK, Davis VL, Adeyeye MC. Development of topical ophthalmic In Situ gel-forming estradiol delivery system intended for the prevention of age-related cataracts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172306. [PMID: 28222100 PMCID: PMC5319703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and characterize an ion-activated in situ gel-forming estradiol (E2) solution eye drops intended for the prevention of age-related cataracts. Accordingly, in situ gelling eye drops were made using gellan gum as an ion-activated gel-forming polymer, polysorbate-80 as drug solubilizing agent, mannitol as tonicity agent, and combination of potassium sorbate and edetate disodium dihydrate (EDTA) as preservatives. The formulations were tested for the following characteristics: pH, clarity, osmolality, antimicrobial efficacy, rheological behavior, and in vitro drug release. Stability of the formulation was also monitored for 6 months at multiple storage conditions per ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. The solution eye drops resulted in an in-situ phase change to gel-state when mixed with simulated tear fluid (STF). The gel structure formation was confirmed by viscoelastic measurements. Drug release from the gel followed non-fickian mechanism with 80% of drug released in 8 hr. The formulations were found to be clear, isotonic with suitable pH and viscoelastic behavior and stable at accelerated and long-term storage conditions for 6 months. In vitro results suggest that the developed formulation is suitable for further investigation in animal models to elucidate the ability of estrogen to prevent and delay cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya K. Kotreka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Vicki L. Davis
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Moji C. Adeyeye
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Wu XL, Ma JF, Fan XY, Wang LB, Peng XS. [Research in rheological properties of four types of ophthalmic preparations]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2017; 52:146-152. [PMID: 29911815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study is prepared to provide the basis of rheological parameters for the additional quality standard of ophthalmic gels, the rheological properties of the ophthalmic gels and the other three types of ophthalmic preparations. The medicines were compared through the study of the rheological properties for four types of ophthalmic preparations. The cone-plate rheometer was used to determine the dynamic and steady rheological parameters of four types of ophthalmic preparations. The similarities and differences of the measured results were analyzed to summarize the rheological indexes and parameters which are applied to distinguish the ophthalmic gels and the other types of ophthalmic preparations. 1 The elastic modulus should be greater than the viscous modulus for the ophthalmic gels in the range of the linear viscoelastic region. 2 The ophthalmic gels should be shear thinning non-Newtonian fluid with a certain yield stress and thixotropy. 3 The dynamic viscosity of the ophthalmic gels should be greater than 0.5 Pa·S at the temperature of 25 ℃ with the 50 s-1 shear rate. The typical rheological indexes and parameters of the ophthalmic gels were proposed in this article. The determination methods are simple and feasible. The rheological indexes and parameters have an important significance in the prescription design, production technology and quality control of the ophthalmic gels.
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Song LN, Li HR, Wang HY, Li Z, Zhao WC, Lu FZ, Li SM. [Preparation and properties of thermosensitive in situ gel for ophthalmic formulation containing pearl hydrolyzate]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2016; 51:1622-1628. [PMID: 29932618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to generate an ophthalmic thermosensitive in situ gel with improved mechanical and mucoadhesive properties that may prolong the retention time to enhance the bioavalability of pearl hydrolyzate. The gene was comprised of poloxamer 407, poloxamer188 and Carbopol 934, which were optimized by central composite design and response surface methodology. The rheological properties, transcorneal permeability, retention time and in vitro release behaviors of the optimal gel formulation were investigated. The gel was Newtonian liquid at 25 ℃ and performed as a semisolid gel with non-Newtonian liquid property with a gelation time of 13 s at 35 ℃. Compared with a conventional eye drops, the ophthalmic in situ gel exhibited a sevenfold increase in retention with a sustained release behavior, which was observed with suitable permeability coefficient at 5.58 cm·s-1. In conclusion, the new gel of pearl hydrolyzate prolonged the release duration of drug, which may decrease the frequency of administration of pearl hydrolyzate.
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Martínez-Soroa I, de Frutos-Lezaun M, Ostra Beldarrain M, Egía Zurutuza A, Irastorza Larburu MB, Bachiller Cacho MP. Determination of phosphate concentration in glaucoma eye drops commercially available in Spain. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2016; 91:363-371. [PMID: 27017538 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and analyze the phosphate concentration in glaucoma eye drops available in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Glaucoma medications containing phosphates were identified according to the 2013 Vademecum and the website of the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices. Phosphate concentration was determined in these eye drops using ultraviolet molecular absorption spectrophotometry, and pH was determined using scan image analysis algorithms of pH strips. RESULTS A total of 37 phosphate containing glaucoma eye drops were identified. The mean phosphate concentration was 97.72±75.52mM. The group with higher concentration of active substance was timolol (204.85±42.38mM) followed by brimonidine/timolol (200.9mM). No statistically significant difference was found between brand name (95.65±71.11mM) and generic eye drops (99.14±80mM, P=.892). Although no statistically significant difference was found between products containing preservatives (99.24±76.78mM) and those without preservatives (85.17±72.86mM) (P=.730), a lower phosphate concentration was observed in the preservative-free Timolol and Latanoprost. Single dose samples showed a lower phosphate concentration than multi-dose ones (102.04±75.39 vs. 22.24±2.98mM, P<.001). The mean pH was 7.13±0.63. No statistical correlation was found between phosphate concentration and pH (r: 0.07). CONCLUSION The phosphate concentration in glaucoma eye drops exceeded the tear film physiological level (1.45mM). No difference was observed between brand names and generic eye drops. Lower phosphate concentration was observed in preservative-free single dose eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martínez-Soroa
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), España.
| | - M de Frutos-Lezaun
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), España
| | - M Ostra Beldarrain
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), España
| | - A Egía Zurutuza
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), España
| | - M B Irastorza Larburu
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), España
| | - M P Bachiller Cacho
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), España
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Cañadas C, Alvarado H, Calpena AC, Silva AM, Souto EB, García ML, Abrego G. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization of PLGA nanoparticles loading pranoprofen for ocular administration. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:719-27. [PMID: 27480398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pranoprofen (PF) is a NSAID considered as a safe anti-inflammatory treatment for strabismus and/or cataract surgery. The drug has been formulated in poly (lactic/glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (PF-F1NPs with cPF 1.5mg/mL, PF-F2NPs with cPF 1mg/mL) produced by solvent displacement technique and tested the in vitro cytotoxicity, ex vivo corneal permeation, in vivo ocular tolerance and in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy of PF-F1NPs, PF-F2NPs, in comparison to eye drops conventional dosage form (Oftalar(®), PF 1mg/mL) and free drug solution (PF dissolved in PBS, 1.5mg/mL). The mean particle size of both formulations was around 350nm, with polydispersity index below 0.1, and a net negative charge of -7.41mV and -8.5mV for PF-F1NPs and PF-F2NPs, respectively. Y-79 human retinoblastoma cell line was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PF-F1NPs and PF-F2NPs, which were compared to blank NPs and free drug solution (PF dissolved in PBS, 1.5mg/mL). Concentrations up to 75μg/mL exhibited no toxicity to Y-79 cells, whereas at 150μg/mL a decrease of about 80% on the cell viability was observed after exposing the cells to PF-F1NPs. When treating the Y-79 cells with concentrations of PF-F2NPs between 1μg/mL to 100μg/mL, the cell viability was similar to control values after 24h and 48h of exposure. An ex vivo corneal permeation study was carried out in New Zealand rabbits. A very similar profile has been observed for the permeation of PF through the cornea when administered as eye drops and as free drug solution, which was kept much lower in comparison to PF-NPs formulations. The permeated amount of PF from the PF-F1NPs was slightly smaller than from PF-F2NPs, attributed to the increase of viscosity of the formulations with the increase of cPVA concentration. New Zealand white rabbits were also used to evaluate the irritancy of PF-F1NPs and PF-F2NPs, which demonstrated to be well-tolerated to the eye (i.e. the mean total score (MTS) was 0). PF-F2NPs exhibited the highest QP (amounts of PF permeated in the cornea) and significantly reduced the ocular edema compared to the tested formulations. The QR (amounts of PF retained in the cornea) of the PF-F1NPs was greater than that obtained for PF-F2NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cañadas
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helen Alvarado
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology and Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria L García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Abrego
- Department of Chemical and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of El Salvador, Ciudad Universitaria, San Salvador, El Salvador
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Li X, Müller RH, Keck CM, Bou-Chacra NA. Mucoadhesive dexamethasone acetate-polymyxin B sulfate cationic ocular nanoemulsion--novel combinatorial formulation concept. Pharmazie 2016; 71:327-333. [PMID: 27455551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone acetate (DEX) and polymyxin B sulfate (polymyxin B) were formulated as a cationic nanoemulsion for the treatment of ophthalmic infections. As novel concept, the positive charge to achieve mucoadhesion was not generated by toxicologically and regulatorily problematic cationic lipids or polymers, but by using a positively charged drug in combination with positively charged preservatives. The preservative also acts as co-surfactant to stabilize the emulsion. Nanoemulsions with the lipid phase Eutanol G-Lipoid S 100 (70%:30%) containing 0.05% (w/w) DEX were produced by high pressure homogenization, followed by dissolving the hydrophilic molecules in the water phase, e.g. polymyxin B (0.1%, w/w), cetylpyridinium chloride (0.01%, w/w) and glycerol (2.6%, w/w) to yield a combination product. The particles were below 200 nm with narrow size distribution. The osmolality (374 mOsm/kg), pH (5.31) and viscosity (2.45 mPa s at 37 degrees C) were compatible to the ocular administration. The zeta potential of the optimized formulation was shifted from approx. +9 mV to -11 mV after mucin incubation. The in vitro test revealed no potential cytotoxicity. The final products were stable after 180 days of storage at 4 degrees C and room temperature. The developed product is a viable alternative to the commercial ophthalmic suspensions. Moreover, this concept of generating the positive charge by cationic drug and/or preservative addition can be transferred to other ophthalmic products.
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Behl G, Iqbal J, O'Reilly NJ, McLoughlin P, Fitzhenry L. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) Contact Lenses Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Ocular Delivery System for Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1638-48. [PMID: 26964548 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXP) is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to treat acute and chronic ocular diseases. It is routinely delivered using eye-drops, where typically only 5% of the drug penetrates the corneal epithelium. The bioavailability of such ophthalmic drugs can be enhanced significantly using contact lenses incorporating drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs). METHODS The mechanism of release from chitosan NPs (CS-NPs), synthesized by ionic gelation, was studied in vitro. The DXP loaded CS-NPs were subsequently entrapped in contact lenses and the optical and drug-release properties were assessed. RESULTS DXP release from CS-NPs followed diffusion and swelling controlled mechanisms, with an additional proposed impact from the electrostatic interaction between the drug and the CS-NPs. The release rate was found to increase with an increase in drug loading from 20 to 50 wt%. However, an inverse effect was observed when initial loading increased to 100 wt%. NP-laden lenses were optically clear (95-98% transmittance relative to the neat contact lens) and demonstrated sustained DXP release, with approximately 55.73% released in 22 days. CONCLUSIONS The release profile indicated that drug levels were within the therapeutic requirement for anti-inflammatory use. These results suggest that these materials might be a promising candidate for the delivery of DXP and other important ophthalmic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Behl
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Peter McLoughlin
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Servicio de Farmacia, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela. Grupo de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela.Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela..
| | - Miguel González-Barcia
- Servicio de Farmacia, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela. Grupo de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela..
| | - Francisco J Otero Espinar
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela. España..
| | - José Blanco Méndez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela. España..
| | - María Jesús Lamas
- Servicio de Farmacia, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela. Grupo de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela..
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Chaiyasan W, Srinivas SP, Tiyaboonchai W. Crosslinked chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticle for improved topical ocular drug delivery. Mol Vis 2015; 21:1224-34. [PMID: 26604662 PMCID: PMC4626781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the benefits of chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles (CDNs) as a topical ocular delivery system with lutein as a model drug. METHODS CDNs were developed by polyelectrolyte complexation of positively charged chitosan (CS) and negatively charged dextran sulfate (DS). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) were used as co-crosslinking and stabilizing agents, respectively. The influence of these on the properties of CDNs, including drug release and mucoadhesiveness, was examined. The chemical stability of lutein in CDNs (LCDNs) was also examined. RESULTS Typically, LCDNs showed a spherical shape, possessing a mean size of ~400 nm with a narrow size distribution. The entrapment efficiency of lutein was in the range of 60%-76%. LCDNs possessing a positive surface charge (+46 mV) were found to be mucoadhesive. The release profile of LCDNs followed Higuchi's square root model, suggesting drug release by diffusion from the polymer matrix. Lutein in LCDNs showed increased chemical stability during storage compared to its solution form. CONCLUSIONS These characteristics of CDNs make them suitable for drug delivery to the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanachat Chaiyasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Commission on High-Education, Ministry of Education, Thailand
| | - Sangly P. Srinivas
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Waree Tiyaboonchai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Commission on High-Education, Ministry of Education, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Liu Z, Huang C. [A correct understanding of preservatives in eye drops]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2015; 51:641-644. [PMID: 26693647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eye drops are the most commonly used preparations in ophthalmology. Preservatives are usually added in order to protect eye drops against pathogenic organisms and increase the solubility of the drugs in multi-dose containers. Ophthalmologists have paid a lot of attention to the preservatives in eye drops because they remain one of the main reasons for ocular surface damage, and even may lead to serious visual impairment in patients with inappropriate use of eye drops. However, it should be noted that the dangers of preservatives become overstated nowadays. It is necessary to completely evaluate the effects of preservatives in ophthalmic preparations, so that ophthalmologists can guide patients to correctly select eye drops containing preservatives and avoid dangerous side effects, according to their eye disease situation, state of tear function and ocular surface changes, cultural background and financial income, cost and benefit and convenience of the use of drugs, and other factors. The direction of the future development in this field is to establish the clinical guideline for use of eye drops containing preservatives, carry out continuing education courses on preservatives and develop ideal preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Caihong Huang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
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Dienes L, Kiss HJ, Perényi K, Szepessy Z, Nagy ZZ, Barsi Á, Acosta MC, Gallar J, Kovács I. The Effect of Tear Supplementation on Ocular Surface Sensations during the Interblink Interval in Patients with Dry Eye. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135629. [PMID: 26302222 PMCID: PMC4547761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the characteristics of ocular surface sensations and corneal sensitivity during the interblink interval before and after tear supplementation in dry eye patients. METHODS Twenty subjects (41.88±14.37 years) with dry eye symptoms were included in the dry eye group. Fourteen subjects (39.13±11.27 years) without any clinical signs and/or symptoms of dry eye were included in the control group. Tear film dynamics was assessed by non-invasive tear film breakup time (NI-BUT) in parallel with continuous recordings of ocular sensations during forced blinking. Corneal sensitivity to selective stimulation of corneal mechano-, cold and chemical receptors was assessed using a gas esthesiometer. All the measurements were made before and 5 min after saline and hydroxypropyl-guar (HP-guar) drops. RESULTS In dry eye patients the intensity of irritation increased rapidly after the last blink during forced blinking, while in controls there was no alteration in the intensity during the first 10 sec followed by an exponential increase. Irritation scores were significantly higher in dry eye patients throughout the entire interblink interval compared to controls (p<0.004). NI-BUT significantly increased after HP-guar (p = 0.003) but not after saline drops (p = 0.14). In both groups, either after saline or HP-guar the shape of symptom intensity curves remained the same with significantly lower irritation scores (p<0.004), however after HP-guar the decrease was significantly more pronounced (p<0.004). Corneal sensitivity to selective mechanical, cold and chemical stimulation decreased significantly in both groups after HP-guar (p<0.05), but not after saline drops (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Ocular surface irritation responses due to tear film drying are considerably increased in dry eye patients compared to normal subjects. Although tear supplementation improves the protective tear film layer, and thus reduce unpleasant sensory responses, the rapid rise in discomfort is still maintained and might be responsible for the remaining complaints of dry eye patients despite the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lóránt Dienes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Huba J Kiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Perényi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Z Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Barsi
- Department of Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Carmen Acosta
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Illés Kovács
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hatano H, Sakamoto M, Hayashi K, Kamiya S. [Antimicrobial Effects of Iodine-Polyvinyl Alcohol Ophthalmic and Eye Washing Solution (PA * IODO) with Special Reference to its Temperature, Concentration and Time and its Preservation Stability]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 2015; 119:503-510. [PMID: 26390575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temperature, concentration and time are the three factors that affect the inactivation capacity of iodine antiseptics. We investigated the effect of these factors on the microbe inactivation of Iodine-Polyvinyl Alcohol ophthalmic and eye washing solution (PA * IODO), and also investigated the preservation conditions on stability of the inactivation activity of the PA * IODO. METHODS Test microbes were mixed with PA * IODO, varying the three factors. The live microbes were counted after each reaction. The effects of plugging and preservation temperature were investigated to determine the preserving stability. RESULTS The inactivation capacity of PA * IODO tended to decrease in almost all microbes tested at 4 degrees C. Twenty times or less diluted PA * IODO killed almost all microbes completely. The time effect was more marked in viruses. Plugging and low-temperature made iodine concentration in diluted PA * IODO remain relatively high. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of PA * IODO affected the inactivation ability more than the temperature and time, although all the three factors correlated positively to the inactivation. For preservation the diluted PA * IODO needed plugging and low temperature.
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Liu W, Guo Y, Li H, Zhao M, Lai Z, Li B. A paper-based chemiluminescence device for the determination of ofloxacin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 137:1298-1303. [PMID: 25306129 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based devices are biodegradable and have been used in diagnosis and environmental analysis field. In this work, a wax-printed paper-based analytical device combined with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) catalyzed luminol chemiluminescence (CL) system for the determination of ofloxacin (OFLX) was presented. It was based on the enhancement of CL intensity of luminol-H2O2-OFLX system by AgNPs. Wax-printing fabrication technique was used to make the simple circle shaped paper device and large scale chips can be fabricated at the same time. Under the selected experimental conditions, a linear relationship was obtained between the CL intensity and the concentration of OFLX in the range from 1.0×10(-9) g/mL to 1.0×10(-6) g/mL with a detection limit of 3.0×10(-10) g/mL. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of OFLX in eyedrop samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yumei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zesheng Lai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Alasino RV, Garcia LG, Gramajo AL, Pusterla JP, Beltramo DM, Luna JD. Ocular biocompatibility of polyquaternium 10 gel: functional and morphological results. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26:64. [PMID: 25631258 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the characterization study of topical and intraocular biocompatibility and toxicity of cationic hydroxyethylcellulose Polyquaternium 10 (PQ10). It also evaluates the rheological properties of gels. The cytotoxicity assays were done in two cell lines: HEp-2 and VERO (human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell and African green monkey kidney cells respectively). For the in vivo study, New Zealand albino rabbits were used. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of PQ10 shows no statistically significant differences in relation to the control of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) in any of the cell lines used in this study. Similarly, the signs of inflammation observed after treatment showed no significant difference between the groups of animals treated with the polymer compared to the control group. Normal histological characteristics were seen in both groups with no histological inflammatory reaction. After 1 month of the intracameral application of 2% PQ10 (treatment group) or 0.3% HPMC (control group), electroretinograms showed similar levels of a- and b-waves latencies and amplitude. In summary, PQ10 gel was well tolerated in these experiments, with proper monitoring, it could stand as a new alternative in the development of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Valeria Alasino
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de Córdoba, Pabellón CEPROCOR, CP 5164, Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
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Horvát G, Budai-Szűcs M, Berkó S, Szabóné-Révész P, Gyarmati B, Szilágyi BÁ, Szilágyi A. [Use of a novel polymer, the in-situ gelling mucoadhesive thiolated poly(aspartic acid) in ophthalmic drug delivery]. Acta Pharm Hung 2015; 85:115-121. [PMID: 26964399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of drugs used on mucosal surfaces can be increased by the use of mucoadhesive polymers. A new type of mucoadhesive polymers is the group of thiolated polymers with thiol group containing side chains. These polymers are able to form covalent bonds (disulphide linkages) with the mucin glycoproteins. For the formulation of an ocular drug delivery system (DDS) thiolated poly(aspartic acid) polymer (ThioPASP) was used. Our aim was to determine their biocompatibility, mucoadhesion and drug release property. According to the results it can be established that the thiolated poly(aspartic acid) polymers can be a potential vehicle of an ocular drug delivery system due to their biocompatibility, good mucoadhesive property and drug release profile. Thanks to their properties controlled drug delivery can be achieved and bioavailability of the ophthalmic formulation can be increased, while the usage frequency can be decreased.
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Daull P, Lallemand F, Garrigue JS. Benefits of cetalkonium chloride cationic oil-in-water nanoemulsions for topical ophthalmic drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:531-41. [PMID: 24001405 PMCID: PMC4283994 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Topical ocular administration is the most convenient route of administration of drugs for the treatment of eye diseases. However, the bioavailability of drugs following eye instillations of eye drops is very low. Over the past 20 years, extensive efforts have been put into research to improve drug bioavailability without compromising treatment compliance and patients' quality of life. Key findings One of the most efficient ways to improve drug bioavailability is to increase the precorneal residence time of the eye drop formulations. As a result, new eye drops, with bioadhesive properties, have been developed based on the cationic oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion technology. These low viscosity eye drop nanoemulsions have improved precorneal residence time through the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged oil nanodroplets and the negatively charged ocular surface epithelium. Summary This review is the first to present the benefits of this new strategy used to improve ocular drug bioavailability. The roles of the cationic agent in the stabilization of a safe cationic o/w nanoemulsion have been discussed, as well as the unexpected benefits of the cationic o/w nanoemulsion for the protection and restoration of a healthy tear film and corneal epithelium.
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