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Sun M, Niu J, Zhang Y, Wang M, Shen Y, Chen X, Mao Y, Li Q. Keratin Formed Bioadhesive Ophthalmic Gel for the Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:77. [PMID: 38589761 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin has the potential to function as the gel matrix in an ophthalmic formulation for the encapsulation of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. The quality of this formulation was thoroughly evaluated through various analyses, such as in vitro release assessment, rheological examination, intraocular retention studies in rabbits, assessment of bacteriostatic efficacy, and safety evaluations. It is worth mentioning that the gel demonstrated shear thinning properties and exhibited characteristics of an elastic solid, thereby confirming its structural stability. The gel demonstrated a notable affinity for mucosal surfaces in comparison to traditional azithromycin aqueous solutions. In vitro release testing revealed that drug release transpired via diffusion mechanisms, following a first-order kinetic release pattern. Additionally, the formulated gel exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacteriostatic evaluations. Lastly, safety assessments confirmed that the gel eye drops induced minimal irritation and displayed no apparent cytotoxicity, indicating their good safety and biocompatibility for ocular application. Thus, these findings indicated that the prepared azithromycin gel eye drops complied with the requisite standards for ophthalmic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jialin Niu
- Ophthalmology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Mengrong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yujuan Mao
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qian Li
- School of Life Science & Technology China, Pharmaceutical University24# Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S, Karbasi S. Keratin-containing scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2024; 35:916-965. [PMID: 38349200 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2311450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, the utilization of bioactive materials has become a routine tool. The goal of tissue engineering is to create new organs and tissues by combining cell biology, materials science, reactor engineering, and clinical research. As part of the growth pattern for primary cells in an organ, backing material is frequently used as a supporting material. A porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffold can provide cells with optimal conditions for proliferating, migrating, differentiating, and functioning as a framework. Optimizing the scaffolds' structure and altering their surface may improve cell adhesion and proliferation. A keratin-based biomaterials platform has been developed as a result of discoveries made over the past century in the extraction, purification, and characterization of keratin proteins from hair and wool fibers. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, intrinsic biological activity, and cellular binding motifs make keratin an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering scaffolds. Scaffolds for tissue engineering have been developed from extracted keratin proteins because of their capacity to self-assemble and polymerize into intricate 3D structures. In this review article, applications of keratin-based scaffolds in different tissues including bone, skin, nerve, and vascular are explained based on common methods of fabrication such as electrospinning, freeze-drying process, and sponge replication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Baek EJ, Jung DY, Seung NR, Jang YJ, Park EJ, Kim KH. Immunohistochemical differentiation of keratins and involucrin between palmar psoriasis, chronic hand eczema and hyperkeratotic hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:385-393. [PMID: 38205911 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common hyperkeratotic palmar skin lesions include chronic hand eczema (CHE), hyperkeratotic hand eczema (HHE), palmar psoriasis (PP). However, clinically differentiating these disorders is often challenging. OBJECTIVES To compare the expressions of keratin (K) 5, K9, K14 and involucrin in palmar hyperkeratotic lesions (HHE, CHE and PP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed on skin biopsy specimens obtained from the palms of patients clinically diagnosed with CHE, HHE and PP (n = 21, 24 and 18, respectively). RESULTS K5 and K14 expression levels were higher in the spinous and granular layers of PP and HHE compared to CHE. Involucrin was expressed in the basal layer of PP and HHE but not in CHE. K9 expression was decreased in PP and HHE compared to CHE. CONCLUSION Keratin and involucrin expression in the epidermis are markers of keratinocyte differentiation. Expression levels of keratin and involucrin were similar between the HHE and PP groups, suggesting that HHE shares pathogenesis with PP rather than CHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Baek
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Jung
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | | | - Ye Ji Jang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
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Chen Z, Zhao F, He Z, Sun H, Xi Q, Yu X, Ding Y, An Z, Wang J, Liu X, Li M, Hao Z, Li S. Expression Localization of the KRT32 Gene and Its Association of Genetic Variation with Wool Traits. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2961-2974. [PMID: 38666915 PMCID: PMC11049001 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in keratin gene expression and spatiotemporal regulation determine the compositional content and cellular localization of wool keratin, thereby affecting wool traits. Therefore, keratin gene family member 32 (KRT32) was selected for a study using RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system (PARMS) techniques. The results showed that KRT32 mRNA was highly expressed in the skin and localized to the inner root sheath (IRS), outer root sheath (ORS) and dermal papilla (DP). Sequencing results identified eight SNPs in KRT32, and association analyses revealed that the variations were significantly associated with multiple traits in wool (p < 0.05), including MFD, CF and MFC. The constructed haplotype combination H2H3 has higher CF and smaller MFD than other haplotype combination (p < 0.05). In conclusion, KRT32 can be used as a candidate gene for molecular genetic improvement of wool in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.S.); (Q.X.); (X.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.A.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.H.)
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Qian Y, Wei X, Wang Y, Yin S, Chen J, Dong J. Development of a novel human stratum corneum mimetic phospholipid -vesicle-based permeation assay models for in vitro permeation studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38497274 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2331242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and evaluate a novel human stratum corneum (SC) mimetic phospholipid vesicle-based permeation assay (PVPASC) model for in vitro permeation studies. SIGNIFICANCE Due to the increasing restrictions on the use of human and animal skins, artificial skin models have attracted substantial interest in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. In this study, a modified PVPASC model containing both SC lipids and proteins was developed. METHODS The PVPASC model was optimized by altering the lipid composition and adding keratin in the formulation of large liposomes. The barrier properties were monitored by measuring the electrical resistance (ER) and permeability of Rhodamine B (RB). The modified PVPASC model was characterized in terms of the surface topography, solvent influence and storage stability. The permeation studies of the active components in Compound Nanxing Zhitong Plaster (CNZP) were performed to examine the capability of PVPASC in the application of skin penetration. RESULTS The ER and Papp values of RB obtained from the optimized PVPASC model indicated a similar barrier property to porcine ear skin. Scanning electron microscope analysis demonstrated a mimic 'brick-and-mortar' structure. The PVPASC model can be stored for three weeks at -20 °C, and withstand the presence of different receptor medium for 24 h. The permeation studies of the active components demonstrated a good correlation (r2 = 0.9136) of Papp values between the drugs' permeation through the PVPASC model and porcine ear skin. CONCLUSION Keratin contained composite phospholipid vesicle-based permeation assay models have been proven to be potential skin tools in topical/transdermal permeation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuchao Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shaoping Yin
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
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Bejaoui M, Heah WY, Oliva Mizushima AK, Nakajima M, Yamagishi H, Yamamoto Y, Isoda H. Keratin Microspheres as Promising Tool for Targeting Follicular Growth. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:1513-1525. [PMID: 38354359 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the body barrier that constrains the infiltration of particles and exogenous aggression, in which the hair follicle plays an important role. Recent studies have shown that small particles can penetrate the skin barrier and reach the hair follicle, making them a potential avenue for delivering hair growth-related substances. Interestingly, keratin-based microspheres are widely used as drug delivery carriers in various fields. In this current study, we pursue the effect of newly synthesized 3D spherical keratin particles on inducing hair growth in C57BL/6 male mice and in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. The microspheres were created from partially sulfonated, water-soluble keratin. The keratin microspheres swelled in water to form spherical gels, which were used for further experiments. Following topical application for a period of 20 days, we observed a regrowth of hair in the previously depleted area on the dorsal part of the mice in the keratin microsphere group. This observation was accompanied by the regulation of hair-growth-related pathways as well as changes in markers associated with epidermal cells, keratin, and collagen. Interestingly, microsphere keratin treatment enhanced the cell proliferation and the expression of hair growth markers in dermal papilla cells. Based on our data, we propose that 3D spherical keratin has the potential to specifically target hair follicle growth and can be employed as a carrier for promoting hair growth-related agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bejaoui
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Research & Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Wey Yih Heah
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
- MyQtech Inc., Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Aprill Kee Oliva Mizushima
- Research & Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- MED R&D Co. Ltd., Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
- MyQtech Inc., Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Research & Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- MED R&D Co. Ltd., Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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Yin C, Yu L, Feng L, Zhou JT, Du C, Shao X, Cheng Y. Nanotoxicity of two-dimensional nanomaterials on human skin and the structural evolution of keratin protein. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:225101. [PMID: 38387099 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2c58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been increasingly widely used in biomedical and cosmetical products nowadays, yet their safe usage in human body and environment necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their nanotoxicity. In this work, the effect of pristine graphene and graphene oxide (GO) on the adsorption and conformational changes of skin keratin using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that skin keratin can be absorbed through various noncovalent driving forces, such as van der Waals (vdW) and electrostatics. In the case of GO, the oxygen-containing groups prevent tighter contact between skin keratin and the graphene basal plane through steric effects and electrostatic repulsion. On the other hand, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding enhance their binding affinity to positively charged residues such as lysine and arginine. The secondary structure of skin keratin is better preserved in GO system, suggesting that GO has good biocompatibility. The charged groups on GO surface perform as the hydrogen bond acceptors, which is like to the natural receptors of keratin in this physiological environment. This work contributes to a better knowledge of the nanotoxicity of cutting-edge 2D materials on human health, thereby advancing their potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changji Yin
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, SIP, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lei Yu
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, SIP, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Joey Tianyi Zhou
- Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chunbao Du
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, SIP, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Shao
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, SIP, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Russ L, Andreo Jimenez B, Nijhuis E, Postma J. Rhizoctonia solani disease suppression: addition of keratin-rich soil amendment leads to functional shifts in soil microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae024. [PMID: 38499445 PMCID: PMC10959553 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Promoting soil suppressiveness against soil borne pathogens could be a promising strategy to manage crop diseases. One way to increase the suppression potential in agricultural soils is via the addition of organic amendments. This microbe-mediated phenomenon, although not fully understood, prompted our study to explore the microbial taxa and functional properties associated with Rhizoctonia solani disease suppression in sugar beet seedlings after amending soil with a keratin-rich waste stream. Soil samples were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Results showed that both amended soils were enriched in bacterial families found in disease suppressive soils before, indicating that the amendment of keratin-rich material can support the transformation into a suppressive soil. On a functional level, genes encoding keratinolytic enzymes were found to be abundant in the keratin-amended samples. Proteins enriched in amended soils were those potentially involved in the production of secondary metabolites/antibiotics, motility, keratin-degradation, and contractile secretion system proteins. We hypothesize these taxa contribute to the amendment-induced suppression effect due to their genomic potential to produce antibiotics, secrete effectors via the contractile secretion system, and degrade oxalate-a potential virulence factor of R. solani-while simultaneously possessing the ability to metabolize keratin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Russ
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Andreo Jimenez
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Nijhuis
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joeke Postma
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Yamada R, Umemoto S, Yonemitsu K, Komohara Y, Hosaka S. Gastric Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma With Loss of Epithelial Markers Expression. Cancer Diagn Progn 2024; 4:189-192. [PMID: 38434925 PMCID: PMC10905283 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background/Aim Given that gastric small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) is notably more aggressive than conventional adenocarcinoma, and a platinum-based regimen aligned with the treatment for pulmonary SCNEC is advocated when chemotherapy is needed, ensuring an accurate pathological diagnosis is paramount. Case Report A 63-year-old man, examined for melena, underwent gastroscopy which revealed a total circumferential Borrmann type 3 lesion extending from the pylorus to the antrum of the stomach. He underwent a distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. The microscopic examination revealed SCNEC with a minor adenocarcinoma component. Immunohistochemically, the SCNEC was diffusely positive for synaptophysin, CD56, and INSM1, very focally positive for chromogranin A, and negative for leukocyte common antigen, CD3, and CD20. A significant observation in this case was the complete negativity for epithelial markers including keratin (CK7, CK8, CK20, CAM5.2, and AE1/AE3) and epithelial membrane antigen. Conclusion Diffuse positivity for neuroendocrine markers, negativity for other lineage markers, and a transition from the adenocarcinoma component, if present, serve as significant diagnostic clues for gastric SCNEC with loss of epithelial markers expression. SCNEC should not be excluded solely based on the negative result for epithelial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Yamada
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemoto
- Department of Surgery, Kagoshima Tokushukai General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yonemitsu
- Department of Surgery, Kagoshima Tokushukai General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Hosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kagoshima Tokushukai General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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Liang W, Jie H, Xie H, Zhou Y, Li W, Huang L, Liang Z, Liu H, Zheng X, Zeng Z, Kang L. High KRT17 expression in tumour budding indicates immunologically 'hot' tumour budding and predicts good survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1495. [PMID: 38433762 PMCID: PMC10903186 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Emerging evidence has demonstrated that tumour budding (TB) is negatively associated with T-lymphocyte infiltration in CRC. Despite extensive research, the molecular characteristics of immunologically 'hot' TB remain poorly understood. Methods We quantified the number of TB by haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) sections and the densities of CD3+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes by immunohistochemistry in a CRC cohort of 351 cases who underwent curative resection. We analysed the differential expression and T-lymphocyte infiltration score of 37 human epithelial keratins in CRC using RNA sequencing from the TCGA dataset. In 278 TB-positive cases, KRT17 expression was evaluated in tumour centre (TC) and TB with a staining score. Patient demographic, clinicopathological features and survival rates were analysed. Results In a CRC cohort of 351 cases, low-grade TB was associated with high CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell densities in the invasive margin (IM) but not in the TC. Of 37 human epithelial keratins, only KRT17 expression in TB had an apparent association with TB-grade and T-lymphocyte infiltration. In 278 TB-positive cases, high KRT17 expression in TB (KRT17TB) was negatively associated with low-grade TB and positively associated with high CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell densities in IM. High KRT17TB predicted early tumour grade, absence of lymph node metastasis and absence of tumour deposits. Additionally, patients with high KRT17TB had good overall survival and disease-free survival. Notably, low KRT17TB can specifically identify those patients with a poor prognosis among colorectal cancer patients with low TB and high T-lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusions KRT17 can be employed as a new indicator for distinguishing different immunological TBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Haiqing Jie
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yebohao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Huashan Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ziwei Zeng
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Liang Kang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Yu X, Li S, Zhou H, Zhao F, Hu J, Wang J, Liu X, Li M, Zhao Z, Hao Z, Shi B, Hickford JGH. Spatiotemporal Expression and Haplotypes Identification of KRT84 Gene and Their Association with Wool Traits in Gansu Alpine Fine-Wool Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:248. [PMID: 38397237 PMCID: PMC10888427 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin (K) is a major protein component of hair and is involved in hair growth and development. In this study, we analysed the expression, localization, and polymorphism of the K84 gene (KRT84) in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep using immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and PARMS (penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system). Haplotypes of KRT84 were also constructed and their relationship with wool traits analysed. It was revealed that KRT84 was highly expressed in hair follicles, including the inner root sheath, outer root sheath, and hair medulla and at all six lamb ages investigated from 1 to 270 days of age. Three SNPs were detected in KRT84 exon 1, and they formed three haplotypes (named H1, H2, and H3) and six genotypes. Analyses revealed an association between haplotype combinations (diplotypes) and the mean fibre curvature, mean staple length, mean staple strength, mean fibre diameter, the coefficient of variation of fibre diameter, and comfort factor for these sheep. These results suggest that KRT84 is of importance in determining several key traits in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep and that the gene could possibly be used as a genetic marker for wool trait selection in these sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Yu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
- International Wool Research Institute, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Huitong Zhou
- International Wool Research Institute, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
- International Wool Research Institute, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
- International Wool Research Institute, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Mingna Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
- International Wool Research Institute, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Zhiyun Hao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Bingang Shi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Y.); (F.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Jon G. H. Hickford
- International Wool Research Institute, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
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Alshehhi JRMH, Wanasingha N, Balu R, Mata J, Shah K, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. 3D-Printable Sustainable Bioplastics from Gluten and Keratin. Gels 2024; 10:136. [PMID: 38391466 PMCID: PMC10887891 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioplastic films comprising both plant- and animal-derived proteins have the potential to integrate the optimal characteristics inherent to the specific domain, which offers enormous potential to develop polymer alternatives to petroleum-based plastic. Herein, we present a facile strategy to develop hybrid films comprised of both wheat gluten and wool keratin proteins for the first time, employing a ruthenium-based photocrosslinking strategy. This approach addresses the demand for sustainable materials, reducing the environmental impact by using proteins from renewable and biodegradable sources. Gluten film was fabricated from an alcohol-water mixture soluble fraction, largely comprised of gliadin proteins. Co-crosslinking hydrolyzed low-molecular-weight keratin with gluten enhanced its hydrophilic properties and enabled the tuning of its physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure of the fabricated films was studied using neutron scattering techniques, which revealed the presence of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanodomains, gliadin nanoclusters, and interconnected micropores in the matrix. The films exhibited a largely (>40%) β-sheet secondary structure, with diminishing gliadin aggregate intensity and increasing micropore size (from 1.2 to 2.2 µm) with an increase in keratin content. The hybrid films displayed improved molecular chain mobility, as evidenced by the decrease in the glass-transition temperature from ~179.7 °C to ~173.5 °C. Amongst the fabricated films, the G14K6 hybrid sample showed superior water uptake (6.80% after 30 days) compared to the pristine G20 sample (1.04%). The suitability of the developed system for multilayer 3D printing has also been demonstrated, with the 10-layer 3D-printed film exhibiting >92% accuracy, which has the potential for use in packaging, agricultural, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisal Wanasingha
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jitendra Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2232, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Wang K, Xu Y, Huang H, Peng D, Chen J, Li P, Du B. Porcupine quills keratin peptides induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53/p21 pathway and caspase cascade reaction in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1741-1755. [PMID: 37862230 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcupine quills, a by-product of porcupine pork, are rich in keratin, which is an excellent source of bioactive peptides. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of anti-proliferation effect of porcupine quills keratin peptides (PQKPs) on MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Results showed that PQKPs induced MCF-7 cells apoptosis by significantly decreasing the secretion level of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and increasing the secretion levels of pro-apoptosis proteins Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 9, caspase 3 and PARP. PQKPs also arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase via remarkably reducing the protein levels of CDK4 and enhancing the protein levels of p53 and p21. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis identified nine peptides with molecular weights less than 1000 Da in PQKPs. Molecular docking results showed that TPGPPT and KGPAC identified from PQKPs could bind with p53 mutant and Bcl-2 protein by conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force. Furthermore, the anti-proliferation impact of synthesized peptides (TPGPPT and KGPAC) was shown in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that PQKPs suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the outcome of this study will bring fresh insights into the production and application of animal byproducts. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haozhang Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Peng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Tan K, Adeniyi OO, Letko A, RuddGarces G, Manz E, Wagner H, Zanolari P, Drögemüller C, Lühken G. Identification of genomic regions associated with differences in fleece type in Huacaya and Suri alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Anim Genet 2024; 55:163-167. [PMID: 37985006 DOI: 10.1111/age.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The difference in fleece type is the distinguishing trait between the two types of alpacas (Vicugna pacos), Huacaya and Suri. The Suri fleece type has been found to be inherited dominantly over the Huacaya type, resulting in offspring with the Suri phenotype. The aim of our study was to map genomic regions associated with the two different fleece types. In this study, 91 alpacas (54 Huacayas and 37 Suris) from Germany and Switzerland were genotyped using the 76k alpaca SNP array. Only 59k chromosome-localised markers map to the alpaca reference assembly VicPac3.1, and after quality control 49 866 SNPs, were retained for population structure assessment and to conduct a genome-wide association study. Both principal component and neighbour-joining tree analysis showed that the two fleece-type cohorts overlapped rather than forming two distinct clusters. Genome-wide significantly associated markers were observed in the scaffold region of chromosome 16 (NW_021964192.1), which contains a cluster of keratin genes. A haplotype predominantly found in Suri alpacas has been identified which supports dominant inheritance. Variant filtering of nine whole-genome sequenced alpacas from both fleece types in the critical interval of 0.4 Mb did not reveal perfect segregation of either fleece type for specific variants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use the recently developed species-specific SNP array to identify genomic regions associated with differences in fleece type in alpacas. There are still some limitations, such as the preliminary status of the reference assembly and the incomplete annotation of the alpaca genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tan
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - O O Adeniyi
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G RuddGarces
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - E Manz
- Generatio GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Wagner
- Animal Clinic for Reproduction and Neonatology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - P Zanolari
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Lühken
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Duchi S, Rebollo Torregrosa P, Hajuj A, Molho D, Shkoor R, Saada NA, Fernández DG, Goldstein D, Pérez-Fernández A. The formulation and in vitro evaluation of WS Biotin, a novel encapsulated form of D-Biotin with improved water solubility for hair and skin treatment applications. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:119-129. [PMID: 37779197 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate the efficacy of WS Biotin, a novel water-soluble form of D-Biotin, for cosmetic use. METHODS A new encapsulated form of D-Biotin was developed with the purpose of improving the water solubility of biotin. This novel form of encapsulated biotin was characterized by its physicochemical properties: particle size, D-Biotin content and solubility in water. Also, proliferation and gene expression in vitro tests in cell culture were performed to evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth, an ELISA test was conducted for hair keratinization and skin lightening property was tested by analysing the intracellular melanin content. RESULTS The developed WS Biotin microcapsules exhibit a particle size range of 2-30 μm with D-Biotin content of ~50% (w/w). The water solubility of WS Biotin was found to be 20-fold greater than free biotin. The obtained in vitro results indicated that WS Biotin enhances the expression of hair-related keratins in hair follicle keratinocytes, as well as the expression of hair growth-promoting genes in dermal papilla cells. Moreover, the melanin content in UVA-exposed epidermal melanocytes was reduced upon exposure to WS Biotin. CONCLUSION In this work, a novel form of encapsulated biotin, WS Biotin, was developed in order to improve the water solubility of free biotin and was found to be effective for cosmetic use in both hair and skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akram Hajuj
- Tagra Biotechnologies, Northern Galilee, Israel
| | - Danit Molho
- Tagra Biotechnologies, Northern Galilee, Israel
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Vega Prado I, Shymansky J, Apte A, Mortman K, Kaminski HJ, Barak S. A Rare Case of Metaplastic Thymoma Presenting With Myasthenia Gravis. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:155-159. [PMID: 37093756 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231168344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Thymomas are tumors of the mediastinum often associated with autoimmune conditions, in particular myasthenia gravis. In contrast, among the fewer than 40 reports of metaplastic thymoma, myasthenia gravis is rarely found. We describe the fourth patient, and first man, with metaplastic thymoma and myasthenia gravis. A 34-year-old had acute onset of double vision with associated dysphagia and was found to have an elevation of serum acetylcholine receptor antibodies. He underwent a transsternal thymectomy. Tissue sections showed a biphasic proliferation of keratin-positive epithelial cells with a complement of spindle cells confirming the diagnosis of metaplastic thymoma. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-positive T lymphocytes were rare and only found in the periphery of the tumor, consistent with thymic remnant. A YAP1::MAML2 gene fusion, with an in-frame fusion between genes YAP1 Exon5 (NM_001130145) and MAML2 Exon2 (NM_032427) was found, supporting further the diagnosis of metaplastic thymoma (Anchored multiplex RNA sequencing [Archer Dx, Boulder, CO] assay). The patient's gender and relatively young age, the presence of an autoimmune condition, and the lack of lymphocytic infiltrate all contribute unusual features to this case and suggest avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilianne Vega Prado
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Shymansky
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anisha Apte
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith Mortman
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Henry J Kaminski
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephanie Barak
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Wang L, Liang F, Shang Y, Liu X, Yin M, Shen J, Yuan J. Endothelium-Mimicking Bilayer Vascular Grafts with Dual-Releasing of NO/H 2S for Anti-Inflammation and Anticalcification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:318-331. [PMID: 38156407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Vascular complications caused by diabetes impair the activities of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), resulting in decreased physiological levels of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The low bioavailability of NO and H2S hinders the endothelialization of vascular grafts. In this study, endothelium-mimicking bilayer vascular grafts were designed with spatiotemporally controlled dual releases of NO and H2S for in situ endothelialization and angiogenesis. Keratin-based H2S donor was synthesized and electrospun with poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) as the outer layer of the graft to release H2S. Hyaluronic acid, one of the major glycosaminoglycans in endothelial glycocalyx, was complexed with Cu ions as the inner layer to mimic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and maintain long-term physiological NO flux. The synergistic effects of NO and H2S of bilayer grafts selectively promoted the regeneration and migration of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), while inhibiting the overproliferation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs). Bilayer grafts could effectively prevent vascular calcification, reduce inflammation, and alleviate endothelial dysfunction. The in vivo study in a rat abdominal aorta replacement model for 1 month showed that the graft had a good patency rate and had potential for vascular remodeling in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fubang Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yushuang Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Zaman SU, Rangankar VP, Krishnarjun M, Kalekar TM, Shah VP, Pawar R, Kulothungan G. Readout-Segmented Echoplanar (RESOLVE) Diffusion-Weighted Imaging on 3T MRI in Detection of Cholesteatoma-Our Experience. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2024; 34:16-24. [PMID: 38106850 PMCID: PMC10723965 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several research studies have demonstrated the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in detecting middle ear cholesteatomas, especially with the non-echoplanar imaging (non-EPI) DWI technique. REadout Segmentation Of Long Variable Echo trains (RESOLVE), a multishot-EPI DWI, has better spatial resolution at a thinner section acquisition with reduced image distortion compared to the single-shot-EPI DWI technique. Purpose In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic ability of RESOLVE -DWI in middle ear cholesteatomas with surgical and histopathological support. Patients and Methods Fifty patients with clinical suspicion of primary cholesteatoma or postoperative recurrence were subjected to routine sequences and RESOLVE-DWI on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirty-eight patients had unilateral disease, while 12 patients had bilateral disease. The bilateral temporal bones of 50 patients were evaluated on MRI. The results attained by RESOLVE-DWI were correlated with intraoperative and histopathological findings. Results RESOLVE-DWI truly detected 55 of the 58 surgically proven cholesteatomas. RESOLVE-DWI could not detect three cholesteatoma lesions due to their small size and falsely diagnosed one case each of impacted wax and non-cholesteatomatous otitis media as cholesteatoma. With a 95% confidence interval, RESOLVE-DWI showed 94.8% sensitivity, 95.2% specificity, 96% positive predictive value, 93% negative predictive value, and 95% diagnostic accuracy in cholesteatoma detection. Conclusion RESOLVE-DWI is a sensitive and specific DWI technique for detecting middle ear cholesteatoma. However, RESOLVE-DWI has limitations in the diagnosis of small (<3 mm) cholesteatomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameeh Uz Zaman
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Varsha P. Rangankar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muralinath Krishnarjun
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tushar M. Kalekar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viraj Pankaj Shah
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishikesh Pawar
- Seth A.J.B ENT Municipal Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gowtham Kulothungan
- Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Ilomäki MA, Polari L, Stenvall CGA, Tayyab M, Kähärä K, Ridge KM, Toivola DM. Defining a timeline of colon pathologies after keratin 8 loss: rapid crypt elongation and diarrhea are followed by epithelial erosion and cell exfoliation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G67-G77. [PMID: 37962942 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00140.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Keratins are epithelial intermediate filament proteins that play a crucial role in cellular stress protection, with K8 being the most abundant in the colon. The intestinal epithelial-specific K8-deficient mouse model (K8flox/flox;Villin-Cre) exhibits characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease, including diarrhea, crypt erosion, hyperproliferation, and decreased barrier function. Nevertheless, the order in which these events occur and whether they are a direct cause of K8 loss or a consequence of one event inducing another remains unexplored. Increased knowledge about early events in the disruption of colon epithelial integrity would help to understand the early pathology of inflammatory and functional colon disorders and develop preclinical models and diagnostics of colonic diseases. Here, we aimed to characterize the order of physiological events after Krt8 loss by utilizing K8flox/flox;Villin-CreERt2 mice with tamoxifen-inducible Krt8 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells, and assess stool analysis as a noninvasive method to monitor real-time gene expression changes following Krt8 loss. K8 protein was significantly decreased within a day after induction, followed by its binding partners, K18 and K19 from day 4 onward. The sequential colonic K8 downregulation in adult mice leads to immediate diarrhea and crypt elongation with activation of proliferation signaling, followed by crypt loss and increased neutrophil activity within 6-8 days, highlighting impaired water balance and crypt elongation as the earliest colonic changes upon Krt8 loss. Furthermore, epithelial gene expression patterns were comparable between colon tissue and stool samples, demonstrating the feasibility of noninvasive monitoring of gut epithelia in preclinical research utilizing Cre-LoxP-based intestinal disease models.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Understanding the order in which physiological and molecular events occur helps to recognize the onset of diseases and improve their preclinical models. We utilized Cre-Lox-based inducible keratin 8 deletion in mouse intestinal epithelium to characterize the earliest events after keratin 8 loss leading to colitis. These include diarrhea and crypt elongation, followed by erosion and neutrophil activity. Our results also support noninvasive methodology for monitoring colon diseases in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Ilomäki
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Carl-Gustaf A Stenvall
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mina Tayyab
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirah Kähärä
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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20
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Awosusi BL. Multiple Epidermal Inclusion Cysts of the Female Breast Coexisting With Fibroadenoma: A Case Report of an Incidental Finding. Cureus 2024; 16:e52832. [PMID: 38406006 PMCID: PMC10884561 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This report discusses a case of a 27-year-old female with histopathological examination results of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts (EICs) coexisting with fibroadenoma without any involvement of breast skin. EIC should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses for benign breast lesions. Radiological evaluation, with surgical excision and histopathologic examination, remains the gold standard for the management of EIC. This report aims to increase the level of awareness on the existence of EIC in the breast parenchyma and the possibility of it coexisting with or arising from other benign breast lesions like fibroadenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatope L Awosusi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Khalid Hospital, Al Majmaah, SAU
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21
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Luta G, Balan D, Stanca M, Jerca O, Jurcoane S, Niculescu M, Gaidau C, Stanculescu IR. Innovative Protein Gel Treatments to Improve the Quality of Tomato Fruit. Gels 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 38275848 PMCID: PMC10815011 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to establish the effect of biostimulatory protein gels on the quality of tomato. One of the most consumed vegetables, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a rich source of healthy constituents. Two variants of protein gels based on bovine gelatin and keratin hydrolysates obtained from leather industry byproducts were used for periodical application on the tomato plant roots in the early stage of vegetation. The gels were characterized by classical physicochemical methods and protein secondary structure was obtained by FTIR band deconvolution. After ripening, tomato was analyzed regarding its content of quality indicators (sugars and organic acids) and antioxidants (lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin C, polyphenols). The results emphasized the positive effects of the protein gels on the quality parameters of tomato fruit. An increase of 10% of dry matter and of 30% (in average) in the total soluble sugars was noted after biostimulant application. Also, lycopene and vitamin C recorded higher values (by 1.44 and 1.29 times, respectively), while β-carotene showed no significant changes. The biostimulant activity of protein gels was correlated with their amino acid composition. Plant biostimulants are considered an ecological alternative to conventional treatments for improving plant growth, and also contributing to reduce the intake of chemical fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Luta
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăsti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (G.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Daniela Balan
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăsti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (G.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Maria Stanca
- Leather Research Department, Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather, 93, Ion Minulescu Str., 031215 Bucharest, Romania (C.G.)
| | - Ovidiu Jerca
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăsti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (G.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Stefana Jurcoane
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăsti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (G.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Mihaela Niculescu
- Leather Research Department, Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather, 93, Ion Minulescu Str., 031215 Bucharest, Romania (C.G.)
| | - Carmen Gaidau
- Leather Research Department, Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather, 93, Ion Minulescu Str., 031215 Bucharest, Romania (C.G.)
| | - Ioana Rodica Stanculescu
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Bd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
- “Horia Hulubei” National Institute of Research and Development for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
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22
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Ramey-Ward AN, Walthall HP, Smith S, Barrows TH. Human keratin matrices promote wound healing by modulating skin cell expression of cytokines and growth factors. Wound Repair Regen 2023. [PMID: 38111086 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of biomaterials has been developed to assist in wound healing, including acellular animal and human-derived protein matrices. However, millions of patients worldwide still suffer from non-healing chronic wounds, demonstrating a need for further innovation in wound care. To address this need, a novel biomaterial, the human keratin matrix (HKM), was developed, characterised, and tested in vitro and in vivo. HKM was found to be degradation-resistant, and a proteomics analysis showed it to be greater than 99% human keratin proteins. PCR revealed adult human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) grown in contact with HKM showed increased gene expression of keratinocyte activations markers such as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Additionally, a cytokine microarray demonstrated culture on HKM increased the release of cytokines involved in wound inflammatory modulation by both HEKa cells and adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). Finally, in a murine chronic wound model, full-thickness wounds treated weekly with HKM were smaller through the healing process than those treated with human amniotic membrane (AM), bovine dermis (BD), or porcine decellularized small intestinal submucosa (SIS). HKM-treated wounds also closed significantly faster than AM- and SIS-treated wounds. These data suggest that HKM is an effective novel treatment for chronic wounds.
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23
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Feroz S, Muhammad N, Ullah R, Nishan U, Cathro P, Dias G. Mechanical properties, and in vitro biocompatibility assessment of biomimetic dual layered keratin/ hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1304147. [PMID: 38173873 PMCID: PMC10764155 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1304147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel biomimetic dual layered keratin/hydroxyapatite (keratin/HA) scaffold was designed using iterative freeze-drying technique. The prepared scaffolds were studied using several analytical techniques to better understand the biological, structural, and mechanical properties. The developed multilayered, interconnected, porous keratin scaffold with different hydroxyapatite (HA) content in the outer and inner layer, mimics the inherent gradient structure of alveolar bone. SEM studies showed an interconnected porous architecture of the prepared scaffolds with seamless integration between the upper and lower layers. The incorporation of HA improved the mechanical properties keratin/HA scaffolds. The keratin/HA scaffolds exhibited superior mechanical properties in terms of Young's modulus and compressive strength in comparison to pure keratin scaffolds. The biocompatibility studies suggested that both keratin and keratin/HA scaffolds were cyto-compatible, in terms of cell proliferation. Furthermore, it showed that both the tested materials can served as an ideal substrate for the differentiation of Saos-2 cells, leading to mineralization of the extracellular matrix. In summary, ionic liquid based green technique was employed for keratin extraction to fabricate keratin/HA scaffolds and our detailed in vitro investigations suggest the great potential for these composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandleen Feroz
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Peter Cathro
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George Dias
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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24
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Keogh MJ, Thompson DP, Crouse JA. Tracking reproductive events: Hoof growth and steroid hormone concentrations in hair and hoof tissues in moose ( Alces alces). Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad097. [PMID: 38107464 PMCID: PMC10722880 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of reproductive and stress-related hormones in keratinous tissues (e.g. hair, claws, hooves, baleen) can provide a record of stress and reproductive response in wildlife. We evaluated a method to collect keratin tissue from hooves of immobilized moose (Alces alces) and validated enzyme immunoassays for measuring cortisol and progesterone in hooves and hair. We also measured the annual growth and wear rates of moose hooves. Progesterone (range: 1.0-43.7 pg/mg) and cortisol (range: 0.05-2.9 pg/mg) were measurable and showed variation among hoof samples and moose. Pregnant females had twice as high progesterone concentrations (18.00 ± 3.73 pg/mg) from hoof sample locations post breeding compared to non-pregnant moose (9.40 ± 0.25 pg/mg). Annual hoof growth differed between the front (5.58 ± 0.12 cm) and rear (4.73 ± 0.13 cm) hooves and varied by season with higher growth rates during summer which decreased into autumn and winter. Adult female hooves represented between 1.6 and 2.1 years of growth and included up to two reproductive cycles. We established a method to estimate hoof growth rate and applied this to postmortem samples and were able to detect previous pregnancies. Shoulder guard hairs grew between August and March including during late gestation; however, hair progesterone concentrations (range: 2-107.1 pg/mg) were not related to reproductive state. Hair cortisol concentrations in our study (range: 0.2-15.9 pg/mg) were within the range of values previously reported for cervids. Our study supports the use of hooves for longitudinal sampling and measuring reproductive and stress-related hormones, providing a new tool for tracking reproductive events and understanding what variables may contribute to population level changes in reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J Keogh
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 802 3rd St, Douglas, AK 99801, USA
| | - Daniel P Thompson
- Kenai Moose Research Center, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 43961 Kalifornsky Beach Road Suite B, Soldotna, AK 99669, USA
| | - John A Crouse
- Kenai Moose Research Center, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 43961 Kalifornsky Beach Road Suite B, Soldotna, AK 99669, USA
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25
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Tavakoli M, Mirhaj M, Varshosaz J, Al-Musawi MH, Almajidi YQ, Danesh Pajooh AM, Shahriari-Khalaji M, Sharifianjazi F, Alizadeh M, Labbaf S, Shahrebabaki KE, Nasab PM, Firuzeh M, Esfahani SN. Keratin- and VEGF-Incorporated Honey-Based Sponge-Nanofiber Dressing: An Ideal Construct for Wound Healing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:55276-55286. [PMID: 37990423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the drawbacks of single-layered wound dressings, bilayer dressings are now introduced as an alternative to achieve effective and long-term treatment. Here, a bilayer dressing composed of electrospun nanofibers in the bottom layer (BL) and a sponge structure as the top layer (TL) is presented. Hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc)-honey (Hny) with interconnected pores of 76.04 μm was prepared as the TL and keratin (Kr), Hny, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were prepared as the BL. VEGF indicates a gradual release over 7 days, promoting angiogenesis, as proven by the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay and in vivo tissue histomorphology observation. Additionally, the fabricated dressing material indicated a satisfactory tensile profile, cytocompatibility for human keratinocyte cells, and the ability to promote cell attachment and migration. The in vivo animal model demonstrated that the full-thickness wound healed faster when it was covered with PAAc-Hny/Hny-Kr-VEGF than in other groups. Additionally, faster blood vessel formation, collagen synthetization, and epidermal layer generation were also confirmed, which have proven efficient healing acceleration in wounds treated with synthesized bilayer dressings. Our findings indicated that the fabricated material can be promising as a functional wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Pharmacy Student's Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Marjan Mirhaj
- Pharmacy Student's Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mastafa H Al-Musawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq
| | - Yasir Q Almajidi
- Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics), Baghdad College of Medical Sciences, Baghdad 10047, Iraq
| | - Amir Mohammad Danesh Pajooh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439956191, Iran
| | - Mina Shahriari-Khalaji
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fariborz Sharifianjazi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0171, Georgia
| | - Mansoor Alizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Sheyda Labbaf
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | | | - Pegah Madani Nasab
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Firuzeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Salar Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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26
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Choe C, Pak GJ, Ascencio SM, Darvin ME. Quantification of skin penetration of caffeine and propylene glycol applied topically in a mixture by tailored multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares of depth-resolved Raman spectra. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202300146. [PMID: 37556739 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative determination of topically applied substances in the skin is severely limited and represents a challenging task. The porcine skin ex vivo was topically treated with a gel containing caffeine (CF) and propylene glycol (PG), and depth-resolved Raman spectra were recorded with two confocal Raman microscopes. We applied a novel tailored multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares method to the selected spectral regions (512-604 and 778-1148 cm-1 ) of gel-treated skin and quantitatively determined the concentrations of CF and PG in the stratum corneum (SC). The highest concentration of CF (181 mg/cm3 ) was found at the surface, while PG (384 mg/cm3 ) was found at 10% SC depth, indicating the formation of a reservoir at the superficial SC. The concentrations of CF and PG decreased monotonically and reached the detection limit at ≈60% and ≈80% SC depth, respectively, indicating that neither permeate the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunSik Choe
- Biomedical Materials Division, Faculty of Material Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Gyong Jin Pak
- Biomedical Materials Division, Faculty of Material Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Saul Mujica Ascencio
- Photonic Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (ESIME Zacatenco) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Chuang T, Cheng JW, Chuong CM, Juan WT. Autofluorescence microscopy as a non-invasive probe to characterize the complex mechanical properties of keratin-based integumentary organs: A feather paradigm. Chin J Phys 2023; 86:561-571. [PMID: 38370512 PMCID: PMC10868595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjph.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Integumentary organs exhibit diverse morphologies and functions. The complex mechanical property of the architecture is mainly contributed by the ingenious multiscale assembly of keratins. A cross-scale characterization on keratin integration in an integument system will help us understand the principles on how keratin-based bio-architecture are built and function in nature. In this study, we used feather as a model integument organ. We develop autofluorescence (AF) microscopy to study the characteristics of its keratin assemblies over a wide range of length scales. The AF intensity of each feather component, following the hierarchy from the rachis to barb to barbule, decreased with the physical dimension. By combining the analysis of AF signal and tensile testing, we can probe regional material density and the associated mechanical strength in a composite feather. We further demonstrated that the AF micro-images could resolve subtle variations in the defective keratin assembly in feathers from frizzled chicken variants with a mutation in α-keratin 75. The distinction between AF patterns and the morphological features of feather components across different length scales indicated a synergetic interplay between material integration and complex morphogenesis during feather development. The work shows AF microscopy can serve as an easy and non-invasive approach to study multiscale keratin organizations and the associated bio-mechanical properties in diverse integumentary organs. This approach will facilitate our learning of many bio-inspired designs in diverse animal integumentary organs/appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.C. Chuang
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wen-Tau Juan
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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28
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Kimura Y, Nikaido M. Unveiling the expansion of keratin genes in lungfishes: a possible link to terrestrial adaptation. Genes Genet Syst 2023; 98:249-257. [PMID: 37853642 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.23-00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are intermediate filament proteins that are important for epidermal strength and protection from desiccation. Keratin genes are highly duplicated and have diversified by forming two major clusters in the genomes of terrestrial vertebrates. The keratin genes of lungfishes, the closest fish to tetrapods, have not been studied at the genomic level, despite the importance of lungfishes in terrestrial adaptation. Here, we identified keratin genes in the genomes of two lungfish species and performed syntenic and phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, we identified keratin genes from two gobies and two mudskippers, inhabiting underwater and terrestrial environments. We found that in lungfishes, keratin genes were duplicated and diversified within two major clusters, similar to but independent of terrestrial vertebrates. By contrast, keratin genes were not notably duplicated in mudskippers. The results indicate that keratin gene duplication occurred repeatedly in lineages close to tetrapods, but not in teleost fish, even in species adapted to terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Masato Nikaido
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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29
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Vidal-Robau N, Reyes LA, Enseñat Nora J, Capurro Ferrer S, Perez Muñoz FM, Ribalta T, Aldecoa I. Intracranial squamous papillary lesion. Cytopathology 2023; 34:636-639. [PMID: 37530454 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial lesions with squamous differentiation raise a diagnostic challenge, which can include benign or malignant, primary and metastatic lesions. Here is the case of a 49‐year‐old woman, in which intraoperative cytology helped the differential and final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vidal-Robau
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Centre (CDB), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Reyes
- Neurosurgery Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Enseñat Nora
- Neurosurgery Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Manuel Perez Muñoz
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Centre (CDB), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ribalta
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Centre (CDB), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Centre (CDB), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank, Hospital Clinic-FCRB/IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Weigelt MA, Azzato EM, Habermehl GK, Billings SD, Ko JS, Fritchie KJ. Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumors of soft tissue with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusions. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:977-982. [PMID: 37496152 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor of soft tissue (GCT-ST) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm that is morphologically similar to but genetically distinct from giant cell tumor of bone. A novel keratin-positive GCT-ST (KPGCT-ST) harboring HMGA2::NCOR2 fusions was recently discovered. Fewer than 30 cases have been described; herein is reported an additional seven. METHODS Cases diagnosed as GCT-ST were retrieved from institutional archives and consultation files. The histopathologic characteristics were assessed, and the electronic medical record was reviewed. RESULTS Seven tumors were identified in six women and one man with a median age of 23 years. All patients underwent excision; no recurrences or metastases were noted during a median follow-up period of 7 months. Histopathologically, the tumors were characterized by a multinodular proliferation of keratin-positive mononuclear cells with evenly admixed osteoclast-like giant cells and absent neoplastic bone. A fibrous capsule with lymphoid cuffing was frequently seen. Foamy macrophages, inflammation, hemorrhage, and hemosiderin were variably present. The HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion was detected in all cases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previously reported hypotheses that KPGCT-ST is a spectrum of the same entity as the recently described xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumor. Although follow-up data are limited, to date, KPGCT-ST appears to follow an indolent course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Azzato
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Steven D Billings
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer S Ko
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karen J Fritchie
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Xu X, Wang Z, Li M, Su Y, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Hu J. Reconstructed Hierarchically Structured Keratin Fibers with Shape-Memory Features Based on Reversible Secondary-Structure Transformation. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304725. [PMID: 37417728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable shape-memory polymers have gained popularity as smart materials, offering a wide range of applications and environmental benefits. Herein, the possibility of fabricating regenerated water-triggered shape-memory keratin fibers from wool and cellulose in a more effective and environmentally friendly manner is investigated. The regenerated keratin fibers exhibit comparable shape-memory performance to other hydration-responsive materials, with a shape-fixity ratio of 94.8 ± 2.15% and a shape-recovery rate of 81.4 ± 3.84%. Owing to their well-preserved secondary structure and cross-linking network, keratin fibers exhibit outstanding water-stability and wet stretchability, with a maximum tensile strain of 362 ± 15.9%. In this system, the reconfiguration of the protein secondary structure between α-helix and β-sheet is investigated as the fundamental actuation mechanism in response to hydration. This responsiveness is studied under force loading and unloading along the fiber axis. Hydrogen bonds act as the "switches" clicked by water molecules to trigger the shape-memory effect, while disulfide bonds and cellulose nanocrystals play the role of "net-points" to maintain the permanent shape of the material. Water-triggered shape-memory keratin fibers are manipulable and exhibit potential in the fabrication of textile actuators, which may be applied in smart apparel and programmable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yupei Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Zolotas M, Schleusener J, Lademann J, Meinke MC, Kokolakis G, Darvin ME. Altered structure indicating reduced barrier function of lesional compared to non-lesional psoriatic skin-A non-invasive in vivo study of the human stratum corneum with confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1763-1773. [PMID: 37540053 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis, one of the most common skin diseases affecting roughly 2%-3% of the world population, is associated with a reduced skin barrier function (SBF) that might play an important role in its pathophysiology. The SBF is provided primarily by the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin. Previous studies have revealed a higher trans-epidermal water loss, lower hydration, abnormal concentration and composition of intercellular lipids, as well as alterations in secondary keratin structure in the psoriatic SC. We compared on molecular level lesional psoriatic skin (LPS) with non-lesional psoriatic skin (nLPS) from 19 patients non-invasively in vivo, using confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy. By analysing the corresponding Raman spectra, we determined SBF-defining parameters of the SC depth-dependently. Our results revealed a lower total lipid concentration, a shift of lamellar lipid organisation towards more gauche-conformers and an increase of the less dense hexagonal lateral packing of the intercellular lipids in LPS. Furthermore, we observed lower natural moisturising factor concentration, lower total water as well as a strong tendency towards less strongly bound and more weakly bound water molecules in LPS. Finally, we detected a less stable secondary keratin structure with increased β-sheets, in contrast to the tertiary structure, showing a higher degree of folded keratin in LPS. These findings clearly suggest structural differences indicating a reduced SBF in LPS, and are discussed in juxtaposition to preceding outcomes for psoriatic and healthy skin. Understanding the alterations of the psoriatic SC provides insights into the exact pathophysiology of psoriasis and paves the way for optimal future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zolotas
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Kokolakis
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hoyer LL, Hogan EK, Adamovicz L, Allender MC, Terio KA, Hernandez AG. Genome sequence of Emydomyces testavorans type strain 16-2883 (ATCC TSD-145), an onygenalean fungus associated with freshwater aquatic turtle shell lesions. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0022223. [PMID: 37551979 PMCID: PMC10508107 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00222-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emydomyces testavorans is an onygenalean keratinophilic fungus associated with shell and skin lesions in freshwater aquatic turtles. The genome sequence presented here includes five contigs (ranging in size from 2.8 to 9.8 Mb; 31.8 Mb total; 40% GC) and a 92.2-kb mitochondrial genome. The nuclear genome predicted 7,550 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois L. Hoyer
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Hogan
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura Adamovicz
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew C. Allender
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen A. Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Brookfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Doganyigit Z, Eroglu E, Okan A. Intermediate filament proteins are reliable immunohistological biomarkers to help diagnose multiple tissue-specific diseases. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:655-672. [PMID: 37329162 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal networks are proteins that effectively maintain cell integrity and provide mechanical support to cells by actively transmitting mechanical signals. Intermediate filaments, which are from the cytoskeleton family and are 10 nanometres in diameter, are unlike actin and microtubules, which are highly dynamic cytoskeletal elements. Intermediate filaments are flexible at low strain, harden at high strain and resist breaking. For this reason, these filaments fulfil structural functions by providing mechanical support to the cells through their different strain-hardening properties. Intermediate filaments are suitable in that cells both cope with mechanical forces and modulate signal transmission. These filaments are composed of fibrous proteins that exhibit a central α-helical rod domain with a conserved substructure. Intermediate filament proteins are divided into six groups. Type I and type II include acidic and basic keratins, type III, vimentin, desmin, peripheralin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. Type IV intermediate filament group includes neurofilament proteins and a fourth neurofilament subunit, α-internexin proteins. Type V consists of lamins located in the nucleus, and the type VI group consists of lens-specific intermediate filaments, CP49/phakinin and filen. Intermediate filament proteins show specific immunoreactivity in differentiating cells and mature cells of various types. Various carcinomas such as colorectal, urothelial and ovarian, diseases such as chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis and cataract have been associated with intermediate filaments. Accordingly, this section reviews available immunohistochemical antibodies to intermediate filament proteins. Identification of intermediate filament proteins by methodological methods may contribute to the understanding of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ece Eroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Aslı Okan
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Ilić-Stojanović S, Nikolić L, Cakić S. A Review of Patents and Innovative Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9:556. [PMID: 37504436 PMCID: PMC10378757 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers represent a great resource for the development and utilization of new functional materials due to their particular advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. "Intelligent gels" sensitive to different stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength) have different applications in many industries (e.g., pharmacy, biomedicine, food). This review summarizes the research efforts presented in the patent and non-patent literature. A discussion was conducted regarding biopolymer-based hydrogels such as natural proteins (i.e., fibrin, silk fibroin, collagen, keratin, gelatin) and polysaccharides (i.e., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, carrageenan, alginate). In this analysis, the latest advances in the modification and characterization of advanced biopolymeric formulations and their state-of-the-art administration in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ljubiša Nikolić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Suzana Cakić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
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36
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Zhao T, Pan Y. An evaluation of the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on keratins. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2023; 340:377-384. [PMID: 36002950 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is commonly used in geological and paleontological research to extract organic fossils for morphological and chemical studies. However, during HF treatment, organic matter can also be altered, which raises concerns that HF-treated organic matter may not be representative of the original organic matter. To provide reference data for protein studies on fossils, herein, we use Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the effect of HF (21.3 M) treatment on keratins, with treatment durations ranging from 2 to 48 h. Results show that the FTIR spectra of HF-treated samples are overall similar to that of the untreated sample, while curve fitting shows that HF treatment has led to alteration of the secondary structure in all the HF-treated samples and the effect is time-dependent. The 2- and 4-h treatment mainly reduced the content of the random coils, α-helix, and intermolecular β-sheet. From 8h onwards, the content of random coils greatly increased at the expense of other structures. Our results imply that for protein detection in fossils using FTIR spectroscopy, the negative effect of HF treatment is not substantial, as the bands characteristic of proteins, that is, amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III, are still present after the 48-h treatment. If the target is a secondary structure, the effect of HF treatment should be considered. When HF treatment is necessary, limiting the treatment duration to less than 4h may be a choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Kumar P, Malhotra R, Urs AB, Augustine J, Mohanty S. Epidermoid cysts of the orofacial region: A clinico-pathological study of 13 cases with review of literature. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023; 66:568-572. [PMID: 37530341 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1193_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are uncommon benign cystic lesions derived from the germinative epithelium. Head and neck ECs constitute only 7% of all ECs whereas only 1.6% are seen intraorally. The floor of the mouth is the commonest intraoral site whereas tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, and jaws are less commonly involved intraoral sites. To date, very few large case series of ECs of head and neck have been published. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third-largest case series of 11 intraoral ECs along with 2 extra-oral cases in the pre-auricular region. Aims To highlight the typical and atypical features of ECs in the common as well as rare sites and draw attention to its consideration as a differential diagnosis for head and neck masses. Settings and Design Archival data of 13 histopathological cases identified as ECs were analyzed from the Department of Oral Pathology at a tertiary dental hospital and college in New Delhi from 2007 to 2020. Materials and Methods The demographic, clinical, radiographic, histopathological features, and treatment modalities were recorded and analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used Appropriate statistical tests were used. Results The study found strong male predilection in the ratio of 10:3 with an average age of presentation as 28 years. The pre-auricular region and floor of the mouth were the common sites involved followed by buccal mucosa, lips, and jaws. All patients presented with slowly growing swelling with dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia seen in larger cysts on the floor of the mouth. Microscopically, all cases were lined with stratified squamous epithelium filled with laminated layers of keratin. Two cases showed the presence of melanin. One case showed recurrence even after complete surgical excision. Conclusion ECs, though a rare entity, should be considered in differential diagnosis for head and neck masses and require close follow-up due to their potential for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rewa Malhotra
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aadithya B Urs
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeyaseelan Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Lu Y, Ye W, Kang W, Wang S, Zhu Z, Chen X, Li J. Wound-Healing Material with Antibacterial and Antioxidant Functions, Constructed Using Keratin, Hyperbranched Polymers, and MnO 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37338013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing, a global medical issue, poses a substantial financial burden. Therefore, developing low-cost and highly efficacious wound-healing materials is essential. In this study, we prepared keratin-hyperbranched polymer hydrogel-M (KHBP-M), a multifunctional composite gel, by mixing reduced keratin containing free sulfhydryl groups extracted from human hair waste, hyperbranched polymer (HBP) with double bonds at the end, and MnO2 nanoparticles prepared using the biological template method. Keratin has intrinsic wound-healing properties, and MnO2 is a wound-healing material with both photothermal antibacterial and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging abilities. KHBP-M showed antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. When exposed to irradiation (808 nm), the killing ratio for S. aureus reached 99.99%, which is especially suitable for wound environments. A similar trend was noted for E. coli. The composite hydrogel also showed excellent ROS-scavenging ability and could resist oxidative stress in L929 cells. Furthermore, in an animal model of infected wounds, the KHBP-M hydrogel treated with near-infrared light had the fastest wound-healing rate, reaching 82.98% on day 15. Our study provides a promising wound-healing material, with simple preparation methods, easy access to sources, and low cost involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Lu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Ye
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Kang
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, P. R. China
| | - Shuaibing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiang Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Stojanović D, Ivanovska A, Barać N, Dimić-Misić K, Kostić M, Radojević V, Janaćković D, Uskoković P, Barceló E, Gane P. Biodegradable Cellulose/Polycaprolactone/ Keratin/Calcium Carbonate Mulch Films Prepared in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2729. [PMID: 37376374 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl] was used to prepare cellulose (CELL), cellulose/polycaprolactone (CELL/PCL), cellulose/polycaprolactone/keratin (CELL/PCL/KER), and cellulose/polycaprolactone/keratin/ground calcium carbonate (CELL/PCL/KER/GCC) biodegradable mulch films. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to verify the films' surface chemistry and morphology. Mulch film made of only cellulose regenerated from ionic liquid solution exhibited the highest tensile strength (75.3 ± 2.1 MPa) and modulus of elasticity of 944.4 ± 2.0 MPa. Among samples containing PCL, CELL/PCL/KER/GCC is characterized by the highest tensile strength (15.8 ± 0.4 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (687.5 ± 16.6 MPa). The film's breaking strain decreased for all samples containing PCL upon the addition of KER and KER/GCC. The melting temperature of pure PCL is 62.3 °C, whereas that of CELL/PCL film has a slight tendency for melting point depression (61.0 °C), which is a characteristic of partially miscible polymer blends. Furthermore, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that the addition of KER or KER/GCC to CELL/PCL films resulted in an increment in melting temperature from 61.0 to 62.6 and 68.9 °C and an improvement in sample crystallinity by 2.2 and 3.0 times, respectively. The light transmittance of all studied samples was greater than 60%. The reported method for mulch film preparation is green and recyclable ([BMIM][Cl] can be recovered), and the inclusion of KER derived by extraction from waste chicken feathers enables conversion to organic biofertilizer. The findings of this study contribute to sustainable agriculture by providing nutrients that enhance the growth rate of plants, and hence food production, while reducing environmental pressure. The addition of GCC furthermore provides a source of Ca2+ for plant micronutrition and a supplementary control of soil pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušica Stojanović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ivanovska
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Barać
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Dimić-Misić
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirjana Kostić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Radojević
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Janaćković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Uskoković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ernest Barceló
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Gane
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Helsinki, Finland
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Škerget M, Čolnik M, Zemljič LF, Gradišnik L, Semren TŽ, Lovaković BT, Maver U. Efficient and Green Isolation of Keratin from Poultry Feathers by Subcritical Water. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2658. [PMID: 37376304 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of keratin from poultry feathers using subcritical water was studied in a batch reactor at temperatures (120-250 °C) and reaction times (5-75 min). The hydrolyzed product was characterized by FTIR and elemental analysis, while the molecular weight of the isolated product was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. To determine whether disulfide bond cleavage was followed by depolymerization of protein molecules to amino acids, the concentration of 27 amino acids in the hydrolysate was analyzed by GC/MS. The optimal operating parameters for obtaining a high molecular weight protein hydrolysate from poultry feathers were 180 °C and 60 min. The molecular weight of the protein hydrolysate obtained under optimal conditions ranged from 4.5 to 12 kDa, and the content of amino acids in the dried product was low (2.53% w/w). Elemental and FTIR analyses of unprocessed feathers and dried hydrolysate obtained under optimal conditions showed no significant differences in protein content and structure. Obtained hydrolysate is a colloidal solution with a tendency for particle agglomeration. Finally, a positive influence on skin fibroblast viability was observed for the hydrolysate obtained under optimal processing conditions for concentrations below 6.25 mg/mL, which makes the product interesting for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Škerget
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Čolnik
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Mahajan NM, Wanaskar K, Ali N, Mahapatra DK, Iqbal M, Bhat AR, Kaleem M. Innovative Wound Healing Hydrogel Containing Chicken Feather Keratin and Soy Isoflavone Genistein: In Vivo Studies. Gels 2023; 9:462. [PMID: 37367133 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was performed to isolate keratin from chicken feathers with an intention to develop a keratin-genistein wound-healing hydrogel, along with its in vivo analysis. Pre-formulation aspects were analysed by using FTIR; SEM; HPTLC, while gel was characterized for gel strength, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, etc. Additionally, an in vivo study along with biochemical factors against pro-inflammatory factors and histopathological studies were conducted to determine possible wound-healing and anti-inflammatory effects. Pre-formulation studies revealed the presence of amide bonds with region of dense fibrous keratin and an internal porous network in extracted keratin, which corresponds with standard keratin. Evaluation of optimised keratin-genistein hydrogel indicated the development of neutral, non-sticky hydrogel which spread evenly on the skin. In vivo studies in rats indicate higher degrees of wound-healing in combined hydrogel (94.65%) for a duration of 14 days as compared to an individual hydrogel formulation with the development of the epidermis and excessive proliferation of fibrous connective tissue indicating wound repair. Furthermore, the hydrogel inhibited the overexpression of IL-6 gene along with other pro-inflammatory factors, indicating its anti-inflammatory effects. In order to find out the possibility of closure of wounds and anti-inflammatory properties of the novel product, an in vivo investigation into the healing of wounds in laboratory animals was carried out through biochemical (ELISA and qRT-PCR) analyses against inflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-6, IL-1, IL-10, and COX-2) and histopathological (liver, skin, and the kidneys) investigations. Based on the results, we conclude that keratin-genistein hydrogel is a promising therapeutic molecule for the management of wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh M Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalyani Wanaskar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid R Bhat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammed Kaleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India
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Yang S, Farrell J, Ye S, Ahmad I, Valdez TA. Imaging guidance for cholesteatoma surgery using tissue autofluorescence. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:066003. [PMID: 37334207 PMCID: PMC10275381 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.6.066003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance Cholesteatoma is an expansile destructive lesion of the middle ear and mastoid, which can result in significant complications by eroding adjacent bony structures. Currently, there is an inability to accurately distinguish cholesteatoma tissue margins from middle ear mucosa tissue, causing a high recidivism rate. Accurately differentiating cholesteatoma and mucosa will enable a more complete removal of the tissue. Aim Develop an imaging system to enhance the visibility of cholesteatoma tissue and margins during surgery. Approach Cholesteatoma and mucosa tissue samples were excised from the inner ear of patients and illuminated with 405, 450, and 520 nm narrowband lights. Measurements were made with a spectroradiometer equipped with a series of different longpass filters. Images were obtained using a red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera equipped with a long pass filter to block reflected light. Results Cholesteatoma tissue fluoresced under 405 and 450 nm illumination. Middle ear mucosa tissue did not fluoresce under the same illumination and measurement conditions. All measurements were negligible under 520 nm illumination conditions. All spectroradiometric measurements of cholesteatoma tissue fluorescence can be predicted by a linear combination of emissions from keratin and flavin adenine dinucleotide. We built a prototype of a fluorescence imaging system using a 495 nm longpass filter in combination with an RGB camera. The system was used to capture calibrated digital camera images of cholesteatoma and mucosa tissue samples. The results confirm that cholesteatoma emits light when it is illuminated with 405 and 450 nm, whereas mucosa tissue does not. Conclusions We prototyped an imaging system that is capable of measuring cholesteatoma tissue autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Yang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Joyce Farrell
- Stanford University School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Shenglin Ye
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Iram Ahmad
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Tulio A. Valdez
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford, California, United States
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Wei XY, Zhao J, Tong HB, Cheng SJ, He N, Song FX. Characters of KRT80 and its roles in neoplasms diseases. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37211956 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRT80 is a human epithelial intermediate filament type II gene; its expression product is a component of intracellular intermediate filaments (IFs) and is involved in the assembly of the cytoskeleton. There is evidence that IFs form a dense network mainly in the perinuclear area, but they can also reach the cortex. They are essential for mechanical cushioning of cells, organelle positioning, cell apoptosis, migration, adhesion, and interactions with other cytoskeletal components. Humans possess 54 functional keratin genes, and KRT80 is one of the more unique genes. It is widely expressed in almost all epithelial cells, although it is structurally more similar to type II hair keratins than to type II epithelial keratins. AIM In this review, we summarize the basic facts about the keratin family and KRT80, the essential role of KRT80 in neoplasms, and its potential as a therapeutic target. We hope that this review will inspire researchers to at least partially focus on this area. RESULT In many neoplastic diseases, the high expression status of KRT80 and its role in regulating the biological functions of cancer cells have been well established. KRT80 can effectively enhance the proliferation, invasiveness and migration of cancer cells. However, the effects of KRT80 on prognosis and clinically relevant indices in patients with various cancers have not been extensively studied, and even opposite conclusions have been reached in different studies of the same cancer. Based on this, we should add more clinically relevant studies to clarify the prospect of clinical application of KRT80. Many researchers have made great progress in studying the mechanism of action of KRT80. However, their studies should be extended to more cancers to find common regulators and signaling pathways of KRT80 in different cancers. KRT80 may have far-reaching effects on the human body, and this marker may play a crucial role in the function of cancer cells and the prognosis of cancer patients, so it has a promising future in the field of neoplasms. CONCLUSION In neoplastic diseases, KRT80 is overexpressed in many cancers and plays an essential role in promoting proliferation, migration, invasiveness and poor prognosis. The mechanisms of KRT80 functions in cancer have been partially elucidated, suggesting that KRT80 is a potentially useful cancer therapeutic target. However, more systematic, in-depth and comprehensive studies are still needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Wei
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao-Bin Tong
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | - Na He
- Department of oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fei-Xue Song
- Department of oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Cuevas M, Terhune E, Wethey C, James M, Netsanet R, Grofova D, Monley A, Hadley Miller N. Cytoskeletal Keratins Are Overexpressed in a Zebrafish Model of Idiopathic Scoliosis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051058. [PMID: 37239418 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a three-dimensional rotation of the spine >10 degrees with an unknown etiology. Our laboratory established a late-onset IS model in zebrafish (Danio rerio) containing a deletion in kif7. A total of 25% of kif7co63/co63 zebrafish develop spinal curvatures and are otherwise developmentally normal, although the molecular mechanisms underlying the scoliosis are unknown. To define transcripts associated with scoliosis in this model, we performed bulk mRNA sequencing on 6 weeks past fertilization (wpf) kif7co63/co63 zebrafish with and without scoliosis. Additionally, we sequenced kif7co63/co63, kif7co63/+, and AB zebrafish (n = 3 per genotype). Sequencing reads were aligned to the GRCz11 genome and FPKM values were calculated. Differences between groups were calculated for each transcript by the t-test. Principal component analysis showed that transcriptomes clustered by sample age and genotype. kif7 mRNA was mildly reduced in both homozygous and heterozygous zebrafish compared to AB. Sonic hedgehog target genes were upregulated in kif7co63/co63 zebrafish over AB, but no difference was detected between scoliotic and non-scoliotic mutants. The top upregulated genes in scoliotic zebrafish were cytoskeletal keratins. Pankeratin staining of 6 wpf scoliotic and non-scoliotic kif7co63/co63 zebrafish showed increased keratin levels within the zebrafish musculature and intervertebral disc (IVD). Keratins are major components of the embryonic notochord, and aberrant keratin expression has been associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in both zebrafish and humans. The role of increased keratin accumulation as a molecular mechanism associated with the onset of scoliosis warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cuevas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth Terhune
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cambria Wethey
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - MkpoutoAbasi James
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rahwa Netsanet
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Denisa Grofova
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna Monley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nancy Hadley Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Gorzelak M, Nowak D, Kuczumow A, Tracey DM, Adamowski W, Nowak J, Kosiński J, Gągała J, Blicharski T, Lasota A, Jabłoński M, Pawlicz J, Jarzębski M. Studies on Chemical Composition, Structure and Potential Applications of Keratoisis Corals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098355. [PMID: 37176062 PMCID: PMC10179572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and structure of bamboo octocoral Keratoisis spp. skeletons were investigated by using: Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM, Raman Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction XRD, Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma LA-ICP, and amino acid analyzers. Elements discovered in the nodes (mainly organic parts of the skeleton) of bamboo corals showed a very interesting arrangement in the growth ring areas, most probably enabling the application of bamboo corals as palaeochronometers and palaeothermometers. LA-ICP results showed that these gorgonian corals had an unusually large content of bromine, larger than any other organism yet studied. The local concentration of bromine in the organic part of the growth rings of one of the studied corals grew up to 29,000 ppm of bromine. That is over 440 times more than is contained in marine water and 35 times more than Murex contains, the species which was used to make Tyrian purple in ancient times. The organic matter of corals is called gorgonin, the specific substance that both from the XRD and Raman studies seem to be very similar to the reptile and bird keratins and less similar to the mammalian keratins. The missing cross-linking by S-S bridges, absence of aromatic rings, and significant participation of β-turn organization of peptides differs gorgonin from keratins. Perhaps, the gorgonin belongs to the affined but still different substances concerning reptile and bird keratin and in relation to the more advanced version-the mammalian one. Chemical components of bamboo corals seem to have great medical potential, with the internodes as material substituting the hard tissues and the nodes as the components of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Gorzelak
- Department of Orthopedy and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Lab 196, Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, Poland
| | | | - Dianne M Tracey
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Wellington 6022, New Zealand
| | - Witold Adamowski
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Nowak
- Lab 196, Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, Poland
| | - Jakub Kosiński
- Department of Orthopedy and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gągała
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Orthopedy and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lasota
- Chair and Department of Jaw Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Orthopedy and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pawlicz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznań University of Life Science, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Liu X, Wang C, Du M, Dou J, Yang J, Shen J, Yuan J. Nitric oxide releasing poly(vinyl alcohol)/S-nitrosated keratin film as a potential vascular graft. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1015-1023. [PMID: 36462186 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) releasing vascular graft is promising due to its merits of thromboembolism reduction and endothelialization promotion. In this study, keratin-based NO donor of S-nitrosated keratin (KSNO) was blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and further crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) to afford PVA/KSNO biocomposite films. These films could release NO sustainably for up to 10 days, resulting in the promotion of HUVECs growth and the inhibition of HUASMCs growth. In addition, these films displayed good blood compatibility and antibacterial activity. Taken together, these films have potential applications in vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenshu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Dou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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47
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Stanca M, Gaidau C, Zaharescu T, Balan GA, Matei I, Precupas A, Leonties AR, Ionita G. Physico-Chemical Changes Induced by Gamma Irradiation on Some Structural Protein Extracts. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050774. [PMID: 37238645 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation (10 kGy) on proteins extracted from animal hide, scales, and wool was evidenced by calorimetric (μDSC) and spectroscopic (IR, circular dichroism, and EPR) methods. Keratin was obtained from sheep wool, collagen and bovine gelatin from bovine hide, and fish gelatin from fish scales. The μDSC experiments evidenced that gamma irradiation influences the thermal stability of these proteins differently. The thermal stability of keratin decreases, while a resistance to thermal denaturation was noticed for collagen and gelatins after gamma irradiation. The analysis of the IR spectra demonstrated that gamma irradiation determines changes in the vibrational modes of the amide groups that are associated with protein denaturation, most meaningfully in the case of keratin. As evidenced by circular dichroism for all proteins considered, exposure to gamma radiation produces changes in the secondary structure that are more significant than those produced by UV irradiation. Riboflavin has different effects on the secondary structure of the investigated proteins, a stabilizing effect for keratin and fish gelatin and a destabilizing effect for bovine gelatin, observed in both irradiated and non-irradiated samples. The EPR spectroscopy evidences the presence, in the gamma-irradiated samples, of free radicals centered on oxygen, and the increase in their EPR signals over time due to the presence of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stanca
- Leather Research Department, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93, Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Gaidau
- Leather Research Department, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93, Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - George-Alin Balan
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Matei
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurica Precupas
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Ruxandra Leonties
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ionita
- Leather Research Department, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93, Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
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48
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Lai HY, Setyawati MI, Duarte CV, Chua HM, Low CT, Ng KW. Human hair proteins as natural reactive oxygen species scavengers for in vitro applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:933-945. [PMID: 36418224 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human hair proteins are recognized for their intrinsically high cysteine content. They can be solubilized while preserving their highly reductive thiol groups for free radical scavenging applications. The presence of aromatic and nucleophilic amino acids such as methionine, serine, phenylalanine, and threonine further contribute to the antioxidative potential of this material. Herein, utilizing the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and acellular 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2 DCFDA) assays, keratins are demonstrated to possess the highest radical scavenging activity among the studied hair proteins. Consequently, protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) cultured in human hair keratin supplemented media is demonstrated. Quenching of reactive oxygen species in the HDF is observed using the CellROX Green dye and the expression levels of antioxidant (HMOX1, SOD2, GPX1) and tumor suppressor (TP53) genes is analyzed using qPCR. Collectively, this study presents further evidence and demonstrates the in vitro application potential of hair proteins, especially keratins, as an antioxidizing supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre), Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Catarina Vizetto Duarte
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Min Chua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Teck Low
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre), Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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49
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John H, Lindl T, Reuter H, Schmeißer W, Schrader M, Thiermann H. Phosphonylated tyrosine and lysine residues as biomarkers of local exposure of human hair to the organophosphorus nerve agents sarin and VX. Drug Test Anal 2023. [PMID: 36787649 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We herein present for the first time a micro liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry (μLC-ESI MS/HR MS) procedure to detect phosphonylated tyrosine (Tyr) and lysine (Lys) residues obtained from human hair exposed to organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNA). In general, toxic OPNA react with endogenous blood proteins causing the formation of adducts representing well-known targets for biomedical analysis to prove exposure. In contrast, no protein-derived biomarker has been introduced so far to document local exposure of hair. Accordingly, we developed and characterized a μLC-ESI MS/HR MS method for the analysis of scalp hair exposed to OPNA in vitro. Type I and Type II keratin from hair was dissolved during lysis, precipitated and subjected to pronase-catalyzed hydrolysis yielding single adducted Lys and in a much higher amount Tyr residues. Exposure to sarin caused the adduction of an isopropyl methylphosphonic acid moiety and exposure to VX yielded adducts of ethyl methylphosphonic acid, well suited as biomarkers of exposure. These were of appropriate stability in the autosampler for 24 h. The biomarker yield obtained from hair of six individuals as well as from hair of six different parts of the body of one individual (armpit, beard, leg, arm, scalp, and pubic) differed reasonably indicating the variable individual protein composition and structure of hair. Exposed hair stored at ambient temperature for 9 weeks with contact to air and daylight showed stability of all adducts and therefore their suitability for verification of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Lindl
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany
| | - Henrik Reuter
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schrader
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
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Martín-González D, Bordel S, Solis S, Gutierrez-Merino J, Santos-Beneit F. Characterization of Bacillus Strains from Natural Honeybee Products with High Keratinolytic Activity and Antimicrobial Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020456. [PMID: 36838421 PMCID: PMC9959047 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two efficient feather-degrading bacteria were isolated from honeybee samples and identified as Bacillus sonorensis and Bacillus licheniformis based on 16S rRNA and genome sequencing. The strains were able to grow on chicken feathers as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources and degraded the feathers in a few days. The highest keratinase activity was detected by the B. licheniformis CG1 strain (3800 U × mL-1), followed by B. sonorensis AB7 (1450 U × mL-1). Keratinase from B. licheniformis CG1 was shown to be active across a wide range of pH, potentially making this strain advantageous for further industrial applications. All isolates displayed antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus; however, only B. licheniformis CG1 was able to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis. In silico analysis using BAGEL and antiSMASH identified gene clusters associated with the synthesis of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), polyketide synthases (PKSs) and/or ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) in most of the Bacillus isolates. B. licheniformis CG1, the only strain that inhibited the growth of the mycobacterial strain, contained sequences with 100% similarity to lichenysin (also present in the other isolates) and lichenicidin (only present in the CG1 strain). Both compounds have been described to display antimicrobial activity against distinct bacteria. In summary, in this work, we have isolated a strain (B. licheniformis CG1) with promising potential for use in different industrial applications, including animal nutrition, leather processing, detergent formulation and feather degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martín-González
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sergio Bordel
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Selvin Solis
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Fernando Santos-Beneit
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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