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Bălășoiu AT, Bălășoiu M, Zlatian OM, Ghenea AE. Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital from Romania. Microorganisms 2024; 12:787. [PMID: 38674731 PMCID: PMC11052338 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious keratitis is a significant global problem that can lead to corneal blindness and visual impairments. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of infectious bacterial and fungal keratitis, identify the causative pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns, and analyze the risk factors associated with the development of infectious keratitis. The study was observational and retrospective, involving 226 eyes from 223 patients presented at the Ophthalmology Clinic of the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Romania. The inclusion criteria included corneal ulceration/abscess/infiltrate present on slit-lamp examination and positive microbiological sampling for bacteria or fungi. The study found that the most common causes of infectious keratitis were coagulase-negative staphylococci (35.40%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.06%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.16%). The Gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance rates to penicillin, moderate rates to gentamycin and clindamycin, and low resistance to chinolones. The Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, and carbapenems were effective. Systemic antibiotics, such as vancomycine, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, and ceftazidime, show promise against keratitis with low resistance rates, whereas carbapenems and topical aminoglycosides had higher resistance, leaving moxifloxacin as a potential topical option for Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, albeit with resistance concerns for Klebsiella spp. Although fungal keratitis was rare, Fusarium spp. and Candida albicans were the leading fungal pathogens, with incidences of 2.65% and 2.21%, respectively. Candida albicans was broadly susceptible to most antifungals, while Fusarium solani, Curvularia lunata, and Alternaria alternata exhibited resistance to many antifungals. Amphotericin B and caspofungin can be used as systemic antifungals in fungal keratitis. The study also identified risk factors for keratitis such as ocular trauma (65.92%, OR: 2.5), contact lens wear (11.94%, OR: 1.8), and corneal scarring/leukoma (10.17%, OR: 1.6). Keratitis was more frequent in individuals over 60 years old. The findings of this study have implications for the development of effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies for infectious keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Theodor Bălășoiu
- Ophtalmology Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania;
- Ophtalmology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Maria Bălășoiu
- Medical Laboratory, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (M.B.); (A.E.G.)
- Microbiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mircea Zlatian
- Medical Laboratory, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (M.B.); (A.E.G.)
- Microbiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alice Elena Ghenea
- Medical Laboratory, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania; (M.B.); (A.E.G.)
- Microbiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Ogunlade B, Tadesse LF, Li H, Vu N, Banaei N, Barczak AK, Saleh AAE, Prakash M, Dionne JA. Rapid, antibiotic incubation-free determination of tuberculosis drug resistance using machine learning and Raman spectroscopy. ArXiv 2024:arXiv:2306.05653v2. [PMID: 37332564 PMCID: PMC10274949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the world's deadliest infectious disease, with over 1.5 million deaths annually and 10 million new cases reported each year1. The causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can take nearly 40 days to culture2,3, a required step to determine the pathogen's antibiotic susceptibility. Both rapid identification of Mtb and rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are essential for effective patient treatment and combating antimicrobial resistance. Here, we demonstrate a rapid, culture-free, and antibiotic incubation-free drug susceptibility test for TB using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. We collect few-to-single-cell Raman spectra from over 25,000 cells of the MtB complex strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) resistant to one of the four mainstay anti-TB drugs, isoniazid, rifampicin, moxifloxacin and amikacin, as well as a pan-susceptible wildtype strain. By training a neural network on this data, we classify the antibiotic resistance profile of each strain, both on dried samples and in patient sputum samples. On dried samples, we achieve >98% resistant versus susceptible classification accuracy across all 5 BCG strains. In patient sputum samples, we achieve ~79% average classification accuracy. We develop a feature recognition algorithm in order to verify that our machine learning model is using biologically relevant spectral features to assess the resistance profiles of our mycobacterial strains. Finally, we demonstrate how this approach can be deployed in resource-limited settings by developing a low-cost, portable Raman microscope that costs <$5000. We show how this instrument and our machine learning model enables combined microscopy and spectroscopy for accurate few-to-single-cell drug susceptibility testing of BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Ogunlade
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Loza F. Tadesse
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine and School of Engineering; Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital; Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Hongquan Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University; Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Nhat Vu
- Pumpkinseed Technologies, Inc; Palo Alto, 94306, CA, USA
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- The Ragon Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital; Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, 02114, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Amr. A. E. Saleh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Cairo University; Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine and School of Engineering; Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University; Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, 94035, CA, USA
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Kispert S, Liguori M, Velikaneye C, Qiu C, Wang S, Zhang N, Gu H. Role of Staphylococcus aureus's Buoyant Density in the Development of Biofilm Associated Antibiotic Susceptibility. Microorganisms 2024; 12:759. [PMID: 38674703 PMCID: PMC11052065 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are clusters of microorganisms that form at various interfaces, including those between air and liquid or liquid and solid. Due to their roles in enhancing wastewater treatment processes, and their unfortunate propensity to cause persistent human infections through lowering antibiotic susceptibility, understanding and managing bacterial biofilms is of paramount importance. A pivotal stage in biofilm development is the initial bacterial attachment to these interfaces. However, the determinants of bacterial cell choice in colonizing an interface first and heterogeneity in bacterial adhesion remain elusive. Our research has unveiled variations in the buoyant density of free-swimming Staphylococcus aureus cells, irrespective of their growth phase. Cells with a low cell buoyant density, characterized by fewer cell contents, exhibited lower susceptibility to antibiotic treatments (100 μg/mL vancomycin) and favored biofilm formation at air-liquid interfaces. In contrast, cells with higher cell buoyant density, which have richer cell contents, were more vulnerable to antibiotics and predominantly formed biofilms on liquid-solid interfaces when contained upright. Cells with low cell buoyant density were not able to revert to a more antibiotic sensitive and high cell buoyant density phenotype. In essence, S. aureus cells with higher cell buoyant density may be more inclined to adhere to upright substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kispert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Madison Liguori
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Cody Velikaneye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Chong Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Kaur R, Gierke R, McGee L, Gonzalez E, Kobayashi M, Pichichero M. Pneumococci isolated from children in community-based practice differ from isolates identified by population and laboratory-based invasive disease surveillance. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae184. [PMID: 38591247 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing strains causing noninvasive and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) may inform the impact of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). METHODS During 2011-2019, among children aged 6-36 months, pneumococcal serotype distribution and antibiotic non-susceptibility of nasopharyngeal and middle ear fluid (MEF) isolates collected at onset of acute otitis media (AOM) in Rochester, New York were compared with IPD isolates from Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) across 10 U.S. sites. RESULTS From Rochester, 400 (nasopharyngeal) and 156 (MEF) pneumococcal isolates were collected from 259 children. From ABCs, 907 sterile-site isolates were collected from 896 children. Non-PCV serotypes 35B and 21 were more frequent among the Rochester AOM cases, while serotypes 3, 19A, 22F, 33F, 10A, and 12F contained in PCVs were more frequent among ABCs IPD cases. The proportion of antibiotic non-susceptible pneumococcal isolates was generally more common among IPD cases. In 2015-2019, serotype 35B emerged as the most common serotype associated with multiclass antibiotic non-susceptibility for both the Rochester AOM and ABCs IPD cases. CONCLUSIONS Pneumococcal isolates from children in Rochester with AOM differ in serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility compared to IPD cases identified through U.S. surveillance. Non-PCV serotype 35B emerged as a common cause of AOM and IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kaur
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ryan Gierke
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Lesley McGee
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Eduardo Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Miwako Kobayashi
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Michael Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY USA
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Li X, Li W, Zhao L, Li Y, He W, Ding K, Cao P. Characterization and Assessment of Native Lactic Acid Bacteria from Broiler Intestines for Potential Probiotic Properties. Microorganisms 2024; 12:749. [PMID: 38674693 PMCID: PMC11052334 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are the most promising alternative to antibiotics for improving animal production and controlling pathogenic infections, while strains derived from natural hosts are considered highly desirable due to their good adaptation to the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to screen Lactobacillus with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity from broilers fed an antibiotic-free diet and evaluate their potential as poultry probiotics. A total of 44 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from the intestines of healthy broilers, among which 3 strains exhibited outstanding antimicrobial activity and were subsequently identified through 16S rRNA sequencing as Enterococcus faecium L8, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L10, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri H11. These three isolates demonstrated potent bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella cholerae, with inhibition zones ranging from 15.67 ± 1.53 to 21.33 ± 0.58 mm. The selected LAB strains exhibited high tolerance to acid and bile salts, with L. reuteri H11 displaying the highest survival rate (ranging from 34.68% to 110.28%) after exposure to 0.3% (w/v) bile salts for 6 h or a low pH environment (pH 2, 2.5, and 3) for 3 h. Notably, L. reuteri H11 outperformed other strains in terms of hydrophobicity (84.31%), auto-aggregation (53.12%), and co-aggregation with E. coli ATCC 25922 (36.81%) and S. aureus ATCC 6538 (40.20%). In addition, the three LAB isolates were either fully or moderately susceptible to the tested antibiotics, except for strain L8, which resisted gentamycin and vancomycin. Consequently, these three LAB strains, especially L. reuteri H11, isolated from the intestines of broiler chickens, represent promising probiotic candidates that can be employed as feed additives to enhance production performance and control poultry pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pinghua Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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Aydin A, Suleymanoglu AA, Abdramanov A, Paulsen P, Dumen E. Detection of Extended Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli with Biofilm Formation from Chicken Meat in Istanbul. Foods 2024; 13:1122. [PMID: 38611426 PMCID: PMC11011584 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health problems worldwide. This study aimed to detect the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL-)producing Escherichia (E.) coli in chicken meat in Istanbul, Türkiye. Raw chicken meat samples (n = 208) were collected from different sale points and analyzed for ESBL-producing E. coli. In total, 101 (48.5%) isolates were confirmed as E. coli by PCR, of which 80/101 (79.2%) demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistance. Resistance against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was most frequent (87.1%). Eighteen isolates (17.8%) demonstrated phenotypical ESBL resistance, as assessed by the double disc synergy test (DDST). Isolates were tested for the presence of β-lactamase genes and mobilized colistin-resistant genes. The blaTEM group was most frequently detected (97.02%), followed by blaCTX m (45.5%), blaSHV (9.9%), and blaOXA-2 (0.9%). However, mcr genes and blaNDM,blaKPC, blaVIM, and blaOXA-48 genes were not found in any isolate. E. coli strains were tested for biofilm formation in six different media [Nutrient broth, LB broth, Tryptone Soya broth (TSB), TSB containing 1% sucrose, TSB containing 0.6% yeast extract, and BHI]. Biofilm formation by E. coli isolates (44/101, 43.5%) was highest in TSB with 1% sucrose. It is worth noting that all biofilm-producing isolates were found to harbor the blaTEM-1 gene, which can indicate a high level of antibiotic resistance. This is the first report about ESBL-producing E. coli in poultry meat, the exposure of consumers in Istanbul metropolitan areas, and the ability of E. coli from this region to produce biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aydin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye; (A.A.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Ali Anil Suleymanoglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye; (A.A.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Abzal Abdramanov
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan;
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Unit for Food Hygiene and Technology, Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emek Dumen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye; (A.A.S.); (E.D.)
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Yu CH, Chang CN, Wang CC. Causative microbes and antibiotic susceptibility of acute appendicitis in adults and children. Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:159-164. [PMID: 37741758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, some studies have found that acute uncomplicated appendicitis can be treated with antibiotics alone. Because of the lack of relevant research on treating acute appendicitis in Taiwan, this study investigated the microbiological characteristics of acute appendicitis to permit accurate empirical antibiotic use for uncomplicated appendicitis. METHODS In this single-center retrospective cohort study, patients listed in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database with a discharge diagnosis of acute appendicitis were identified. Data for bacterial specimens and antibiotic susceptibility tests among patients treated at Tri-Service General Hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were analyzed. RESULTS Among 2805 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis, 167 (6%) were <18 years old. The culture positivity rates among children and adults were 33% and 18%, respectively. In total, 367 aerobes and 207 anaerobes were isolated. The predominant aerobic gram-positive coccus was viridans group streptococci (8.9%), the most common aerobic gram-negative bacillus was Escherichia coli (27.9%), and the most common anaerobic microorganism was Bacteroides spp. (27.7%). The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing of the predominant microorganisms revealed that 86.3% of gram-positive aerobes were susceptible to ampicillin, 76.3% of gram-negative aerobes were susceptible to gentamicin, and all anaerobic isolates were susceptible to metronidazole. CONCLUSION Triple first-line antibiotic combination therapy, including ampicillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole, remains highly effective against the pathogens that cause acute appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hefetz I, Bardenstein R, Rotem S, Zaide G, Bilinsky G, Shifman O, Zimhony O, Aloni-Grinstein R. Rapid Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Blood Cultures. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:231. [PMID: 38534666 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are defined by the presence of viable bacteria or fungi, accompanied by systemic signs of infection. Choosing empirical therapy based solely on patient risk factors and prior antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) may lead to either ineffective treatment or unnecessarily broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure. In general, Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guideline-approved ASTs have a turnaround time of 48-72 h from sample to answer, a period that may result in a critical delay in the appropriate selection of therapy. Therefore, reducing the time required for AST is highly advantageous. We have previously shown that our novel rapid AST method, MAPt (Micro-Agar-PCR-test), accurately identifies susceptibility profiles for spiked bioterrorism agents like Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis and Francisella tularensis directly from whole-blood and blood culture samples, even at low bacterial levels (500 CFU/mL). This study evaluated the performance of MAPt on routine bloodstream infection (BSI), focusing on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from clinical cultures, including resistant strains to some of the six tested antibiotics. Notably, MAPt yielded results exceeding 95% agreement with the standard hospital method within a significantly shorter timeframe of 6 h. These findings suggest significant potential for MAPt as a rapid and reliable BSI management tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Hefetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Rita Bardenstein
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7661041, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Galia Zaide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Gal Bilinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Ohad Shifman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Oren Zimhony
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7661041, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
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Sobkowiak A, Scherff N, Schuler F, Bletz S, Mellmann A, Schwierzeck V, van Almsick V. Plasmid-encoded gene duplications of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in clinical bacterial isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1343858. [PMID: 38469349 PMCID: PMC10925753 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1343858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is an urgent and alarming One Health problem. This study aimed to investigate duplications of plasmid-encoded ESBL genes and their impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes in clinical and screening isolates. Methods Multi-drug-resistant bacteria from hospitalized patients were collected during routine clinical surveillance from January 2022 to June 2023, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Genotypes were extracted from long-read whole-genome sequencing data. Furthermore, plasmids and other mobile genetic elements associated with ESBL genes were characterized, and the ESBL genes were correlated to ceftazidime minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results In total, we identified four cases of plasmid-encoded ESBL gene duplications that match four genetically similar plasmids during the 18-month surveillance period: five Escherichia coli and three Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. As the ESBL genes were part of transposable elements, the surrounding sequence regions were duplicated as well. In-depth analysis revealed insertion sequence (IS)-mediated transposition mechanisms. Isolates with duplicated ESBL genes exhibited a higher MIC for ceftazidime in comparison to isolates with a single gene copy (3-256 vs. 1.5-32 mg/L, respectively). Conclusion ESBL gene duplications led to an increased phenotypic resistance against ceftazidime. Our data suggest that ESBL gene duplications by an IS-mediated transposition are a relevant mechanism for how AMR develops in the clinical setting and is part of the microevolution of plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sobkowiak
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Natalie Scherff
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Schuler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Bletz
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Vera Schwierzeck
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vincent van Almsick
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Kang Y, Yu K, Huang Z, Pang B, Liu S, Peng T, Li Y, Wang D. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of Shewanella infection in diarrhea patients in Beijing, China 2017-2019. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1293577. [PMID: 38357347 PMCID: PMC10866003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1293577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shewanella is an important opportunistic pathogen distributed in marine environments that has caused an increasing number of clinical infections. However, there are few reports on the distribution and characteristics of Shewanella in the diarrheal pathogen spectrum. In this study, we have systematically described the prevalence of Shewanella infections in diarrhea patients in Beijing, China 2017-2019, and genome characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shewanella isolates. Methods Stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients in a surveillance project from 2017 to 2019. Shewanella strains were isolated, and identified using VITEKR 2 COMPACT and MALDI-TOF MS. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), phylogenetic analysis, virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance genes analysis were used for genome characteristics description. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed with microbroth dilution method. Results 1104 fecal samples were collected, and the Shewanella detection rate was 2.36% (26/1104). The main manifestations of infection caused by Shewanella spp. were diarrhea (100%, 26/26), abdominal pain (65.38%, 17/26), and vomiting (38.46%, 10/26). The 26 isolates were classified into 3 species (S. algae (n = 18), S. indica (n = 5), and S. chilikensis (n = 3)) and 22 sequence types. Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based evolutionary tree identified three clone groups corresponding to three infection events in the same months in 2017 and 2019. The putative virulence-associated gene pool consisted of 56 potential virulence genes, including 19 virulence gene factors. The resistance rates of the 26 isolates to 17 antibiotics from high to low were as follows: polymyxin E (76.92%), cefotaxime (57.69%), ampicillin (50%), ampicillin-sulbactam (34.62%), nalidixic acid (15.38%), ciprofloxacin (11.54%), selectrin (3.846%,1/26), and tetracycline (3.846%, 1/26). The rate of multidrug resistance was 38.46% (10/26). Discussion Monitoring for Shewanella spp. should be added to the routine surveillance of infectious diarrhea during the epidemic season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kang
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Workstation for Microbial Infectious Disease, Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Keyi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Huang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Workstation for Microbial Infectious Disease, Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Shengtian Liu
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Workstation for Microbial Infectious Disease, Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Duochun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
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11
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Maurin M, Pondérand L, Hennebique A, Pelloux I, Boisset S, Caspar Y. Tularemia treatment: experimental and clinical data. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1348323. [PMID: 38298538 PMCID: PMC10827922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1348323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the Gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. This disease has multiple clinical presentations according to the route of infection, the virulence of the infecting bacterial strain, and the underlying medical condition of infected persons. Systemic infections (e.g., pneumonic and typhoidal form) and complications are rare but may be life threatening. Most people suffer from local infection (e.g., skin ulcer, conjunctivitis, or pharyngitis) with regional lymphadenopathy, which evolve to suppuration in about 30% of patients and a chronic course of infection. Current treatment recommendations have been established to manage acute infections in the context of a biological threat and do not consider the great variability of clinical situations. This review summarizes literature data on antibiotic efficacy against F. tularensis in vitro, in animal models, and in humans. Empirical treatment with beta-lactams, most macrolides, or anti-tuberculosis agents is usually ineffective. The aminoglycosides gentamicin and streptomycin remain the gold standard for severe infections, and the fluoroquinolones and doxycycline for infections of mild severity, although current data indicate the former are usually more effective. However, the antibiotic treatments reported in the literature are highly variable in their composition and duration depending on the clinical manifestations, the age and health status of the patient, the presence of complications, and the evolution of the disease. Many patients received several antibiotics in combination or successively. Whatever the antibiotic treatment administered, variable but high rates of treatment failures and relapses are still observed, especially in patients treated more then 2-3 weeks after disease onset. In these patients, surgical treatment is often necessary for cure, including drainage or removal of suppurative lymph nodes or other infectious foci. It is currently difficult to establish therapeutic recommendations, particularly due to lack of comparative randomized studies. However, we have attempted to summarize current knowledge through proposals for improving tularemia treatment which will have to be discussed by a group of experts. A major factor in improving the prognosis of patients with tularemia is the early administration of appropriate treatment, which requires better medical knowledge and diagnostic strategy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Maurin
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble, France
| | - Léa Pondérand
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Hennebique
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Pelloux
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Boisset
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Yvan Caspar
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
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Xu PX, Ren HY, Zhao N, Jin XJ, Wen BH, Qin T. Distribution characteristics of the Legionella CRISPR-Cas system and its regulatory mechanism underpinning phenotypic function. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0022923. [PMID: 38099659 PMCID: PMC10790817 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00229-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Legionella is a common intracellular parasitic bacterium that infects humans via the respiratory tract, causing Legionnaires' disease, with fever and pneumonia as the main symptoms. The emergence of highly virulent and azithromycin-resistant Legionella pneumophila is a major challenge in clinical anti-infective therapy. The CRISPR-Cas acquired immune system provides immune defense against foreign nucleic acids and regulates strain biological functions. However, the distribution of the CRISPR-Cas system in Legionella and how it regulates gene expression in L. pneumophila remain unclear. Herein, we assessed 915 Legionella whole-genome sequences to determine the distribution characteristics of the CRISPR-Cas system and constructed gene deletion mutants to explore the regulation of the system based on growth ability in vitro, antibiotic sensitivity, and intracellular proliferation of L. pneumophila. The CRISPR-Cas system in Legionella was predominantly Type II-B and was mainly concentrated in the genome of L. pneumophila ST1 strains. The Type II-B CRISPR-Cas system showed no effect on the strain's growth ability in vitro but significantly reduced resistance to azithromycin and decreased proliferation ability due to regulation of the lpeAB efflux pump and the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Thus, the Type II-B CRISPR-Cas system plays a crucial role in regulating the virulence of L. pneumophila. This expands our understanding of drug resistance and pathogenicity in Legionella, provides a scientific basis for the prevention of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks and the rational use of clinical drugs, and facilitates effective treatment of Legionnaires' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Hai Wen
- Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Fu H, Shi XJ, Zhao GP, Lyu LD. Genome-wide screen reveals cellular functions that counteract rifampicin lethality in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0289523. [PMID: 38054714 PMCID: PMC10782999 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02895-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Rifamycins are a group of antibiotics with a wide antibacterial spectrum. Although the binding target of rifamycin has been well characterized, the mechanisms underlying the discrepant killing efficacy between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria remain poorly understood. Using a high-throughput screen combined with targeted gene knockouts in the gram-negative model organism Escherichia coli, we established that rifampicin efficacy is strongly dependent on several cellular pathways, including iron acquisition, DNA repair, aerobic respiration, and carbon metabolism. In addition, we provide evidence that these pathways modulate rifampicin efficacy in a manner distinct from redox-related killing. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism of rifamycin efficacy and may aid in the development of new antimicrobial adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Fu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Liang-Dong Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (Tuberculosis), Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Tricoli MR, Massaro C, Arrigo I, Diquattro O, Di Bernardo F, Galia E, Palermo M, Fasciana T, Giammanco A. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated in Palermo (Sicily and Italy) during the Years 2018-2020 from Severe Cases of Listeriosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:57. [PMID: 38247616 PMCID: PMC10812810 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM), the etiological agent of listeriosis, can cause foodborne zoonosis. In this study, we characterized 23 strains that caused human severe listeriosis in Palermo (Sicily, Italy) during the period of 2018-2020. In addition, we assessed the phenotypic susceptibility of clinical isolates to antibiotics in accordance with EUCAST guidelines. The serogroup was determined through the use of PCR, while MLST and MVLST were identified through the sequencing of housekeeping genes. Finally, susceptibility to antibiotics was assessed by means of the Phoenix automatic system. Patients hospitalized with listeriosis were predominantly males (56% vs. 44% of females). The cases not associated with pregnancy included patients >65 years of age (60%), two of whom were affected by cancer, while cases associated with pregnancy included two pregnant women and three preterm infants. The data collected showed that the main pathologies shown by patients were meningitis (60.9%) and bacteremia (39.1%). The LM strains were isolated from the blood (52%), cerebrospinal fluid (26%), cerebrospinal fluid + blood (13%), blood + a nasal swab (4%), and ascitic fluid (4%). The predominant serogroup was IVb (96%), whereas only one strain belonged to serogroup IIa (4%). Among the strains with serotypes 4b, 4d, and 4e, ST2/VT21 (92%) and ST6/VT19 (4%) were determined, while only isolates with serotypes 1/2a and3a show ST155/VT45 (CC155). This study reveals the widespread circulation of a clinical strain (ST2/VT21) associated with suspected food contamination, demonstrating the importance of carrying out molecular epidemiological surveillance. Our clinical isolates were susceptible to the beta-lactams assayed, in agreement with the literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Tricoli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Chiara Massaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Ignazio Arrigo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Orazia Diquattro
- Laboratory of Microbiology, A. O. Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Bernardo
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elena Galia
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Mario Palermo
- Sicilian Health Department, Public Health and Environmental Risks Service, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Fasciana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Anna Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
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Jin X, Cai R, Wang R, Cao Y, Dai Z, Hu Z, Ge X, Tao L, Zhang L. Antibiotic Resistance Characterization and Molecular Characteristics of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Combination Probiotic Preparations in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:36-43. [PMID: 37824752 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci can act as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant genes that are potentially at risk of being transferred to other bacteria that inhabit in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of antibiotic-resistant enterococci isolated from probiotic preparations. In total, we isolated 15 suspected Enterococcus species from 5 compound probiotics, which were identified by 16S rDNA as 12 Enterococcus faecium and 3 Enterococcus faecalis. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by the microdilution broth method showed widespread resistance to sulfamethoxazole (100%), norfloxacin (99.3%), azithromycin (99.3%), gentamicin (86.7%), and chloramphenicol (20%). Whole genome sequencing of five resistant strains revealed that all had circular DNA chromosomes and that E. faecium J-1-A to J-4-A contained a plasmid, while E. faecalis J-5-A did not. The results of the resistance gene analysis revealed that each strain contained approximately 30 resistance genes, with the antibiotic resistance genes and the multidrug resistance efflux pump genes mdtG, lmrC, and lmrD detected in all strains. The chloramphenicol resistance genes ykkC and ykkD were first identified in E. faecalis. And there were 21, 19, 21, 21, and 29 virulence factors involved in strains, respectively. Further analysis of the gene islands (GIs) revealed that each strain contained more than 10 GIs. The above results confirm the existence of hidden dangers in the safety of probiotics and remind us to carefully select probiotic preparations containing enterococcal strains to avoid the potential spread of resistance and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Emergency Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruirong Wang
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Ge
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
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16
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Su X, Hu J, Jiang F, Wu Y, He J, Jia X, Zhan S. Evaluation of pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance in breast plastic surgery infection. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:179-185. [PMID: 37409445 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for mammaplasty has increased in recent years, and infection remains one of the common and serious post-operative complications. In this study, we analyzed the pathogen distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of breast plastic surgery infections, and compared the differences in pathogenic species between surgical procedures. METHODS The number of each species was counted in the microbial samples of breast plastic surgery infections in Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2011 to December 2021. The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software. The surgical techniques, the period of infection, and other details were gathered in accordance with the clinical data. RESULTS There were a total of 42 cases included, and 43 different types of pathogenic bacteria, mostly gram-positive bacteria, were found. CoNS (13/43) and Staphylococcus aureus (22/43) made up the majority. The most prevalent of the five Gram-negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results of drug sensitivity tests indicate that S. aureus is highly sensitive to vancomycin, cotrimoxazole, and linezolid, whereas CoNS is highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and chloramphenicol. Both of these bacteria show high resistance to erythromycin and penicillin. Breast augmentation, breast reconstruction, and breast reduction surgery were the most frequently associated breast surgery procedures in this study with infections, with the highest number of infections occurring following breast augmentation with fat grafting, breast reduction surgery, and breast reconstruction with autologous tissue. Various breast plastic surgery procedures have different common pathogens of infection, but the most prevalent are CoNS and S. aureus. Additionally, the majority of the infections in this study were in the early stages. CONCLUSIONS Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant cause of breast plastic surgery infections, and the types of infection strains, the period of infection onset, and the antibiotic susceptibility of prevalent strains varied between breast plastic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshang Su
- Department of Cicatrix Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jintian Hu
- Department of Cicatrix Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengli Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ximeng Jia
- Department of Cicatrix Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sien Zhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chirila RM, Harris D, Gupta V, Hata DJ, Matei C, Alvarez S, Dumitrascu AG. Clinical and Radiological Characterization of Central Nervous System Involvement in Nocardiosis: A 20-Year Experience. Cureus 2024; 16:e52950. [PMID: 38406155 PMCID: PMC10894056 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to present the clinical and radiological characteristics and the outcomes of patients with Nocardia infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Methodology We conducted a retrospective review of patients aged 18 and older admitted between August 1998 and November 2018 with culture-proven nocardiosis and CNS involvement. Results Out of 110 patients with nocardiosis, 14 (12.7%) patients had CNS involvement. The median age was 54.5 (27, 86) years, and 12 (85.7%) patients were male. Overall, 12 (85.7%) patients were immunosuppressed on high doses of glucocorticoids; seven (50%) patients were solid organ transplant recipients. Only eight (57.1%) patients had neurological symptoms at presentation, and the rest were diagnosed with CNS involvement after imaging surveillance. Three distinct radiologic patterns were identified, namely, single or multiple abscesses, focal cerebritis, and small, septic embolic infarcts. All isolates of Nocardia were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and amikacin, with susceptibility to linezolid and carbapenems being 90.9% and 79.5%, respectively. Despite receiving antibiotic therapy, six (42.8%) patients died, most of them within weeks of initial admission. All surviving patients underwent prolonged antimicrobial therapy until the resolution of MRI abnormalities. All solid organ transplant recipients recovered. Conclusions Nocardia CNS infection was a rare condition, even among a large, immunosuppressed patient population. CNS imaging surveillance is paramount for immunosuppressed patients with nocardiosis, as CNS involvement influences the choice and duration of therapy. Nocardia antibiotic susceptibility varied widely between strains and the empiric therapy should consist of multiple classes of antimicrobials with CNS penetration. Mortality was high, but all solid organ transplant recipients recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Harris
- Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | | | - Claudiu Matei
- Neurological Surgery, Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu, ROU
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Verdenius CY, Broens EM, Slenter IJM, Djajadiningrat-Laanen SC. Corneal stromal ulcerations in a referral population of dogs and cats in the Netherlands (2012-2019): Bacterial isolates and antibiotic resistance. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:7-16. [PMID: 36878893 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate bacterial isolates from corneal stromal ulcerations in dogs and cats in the Netherlands, review their antibiotic susceptibility, determine whether recent topical treatment affected bacterial culture results, and investigate whether (multi-drug) resistance patterns changed over time. ANIMALS STUDIED Client-owned dogs and cats were diagnosed with corneal stromal ulceration at the Utrecht University Clinic for Companion Animals between 2012 and 2019. PROCEDURES Retrospective analysis. RESULTS In total, 163 samples were collected from 122 dogs (130 samples) and 33 cats. Positive cultures were obtained from 76 canine and 13 feline samples (59% and 39%, respectively) and included Staphylococcus (42 in dogs, 8 in cats), Streptococcus (22 in dogs, 2 in cats), and Pseudomonas (9 in dogs, 1 in cats) species. Significantly fewer positive cultures were found in dogs and cats previously treated with topical antibiotics (χ2 = 6.52, p = .011 and χ2 = 4.27, p = .039, respectively). Bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol was more common in dogs previously treated with chloramphenicol (χ2 = 5.24, p = .022). The incidence of acquired antibiotic resistance did not increase significantly over time. In dogs, the incidence of multi-drug-resistant isolates increased significantly between 2012-2015 and 2016-2019 (9.4% vs. 38.6%, p = .0032). CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas species were the most common bacteria associated with canine and feline corneal stromal ulcerations. Previous treatment with antibiotics affected bacterial culture results and antibiotic sensitivity. Although the overall incidence of acquired antibiotic resistance did not change over time, the incidence of multi-drug-resistant isolates in dogs increased over an 8-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Y Verdenius
- Division of Surgery of Companion Animals - Ophthalmology Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Els M Broens
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge J M Slenter
- Division of Surgery of Companion Animals - Ophthalmology Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia C Djajadiningrat-Laanen
- Division of Surgery of Companion Animals - Ophthalmology Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Buthelezi PF, Naby F, Kannigan Y. Retrospective review of bacteriological profiles and antibiogram in a tertiary neonatal unit. S Afr J Infect Dis 2023; 38:537. [PMID: 38125049 PMCID: PMC10730448 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v38i1.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early detection and initiation of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy are crucial. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the antibiogram of the neonatal intensive care unit at Grey's Hospital, a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. Method This was a retrospective descriptive study, reviewing positive cultures from Grey's Hospital tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa for a 3-year period (01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019). All positive cultures from all sites were included. Results There were 1314 positive organisms cultured. Late-onset sepsis (89.3%) predominated over early-onset sepsis (10.7%). Blood was the source for 55.2% (725/1314) of positive cultures. Of the 1314 organisms cultured, 53.7% (706/1314) were Gram-positive, 45.7% (601/1314) were Gram-negative and 0.5% (7/1314) were Candida species. Klebsiella pneumoniae, 23.5% (313/1314) was the most frequent Gram-negative organism. It was noted to have high resistance to the unit's first-line antibiotic regimens; 99% were resistant to ampicillin and 92% resistant to gentamicin. Conclusion Blood cultures yielded most positive results with a predominance of Gram-positive organisms and late-onset sepsis. A significant proportion of the cultured organisms were resistant to the first-line antimicrobials utilised in the unit, ampicillin and gentamicin. Contribution Ongoing surveillance on positive cultures is recommended to assess the effectiveness of the unit's current empirical antimicrobial guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philile F Buthelezi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Fathima Naby
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Yashodhara Kannigan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Hascelik G, Soyletir G, Gulay Z, Sancak B, Yaman A, Gurler N, Aydemir SS, Bayramoglu G, Aydin F, Cekin Y, Birinci A, Ozakin C, Akpolat N, Ozhak Baysan B, Gultekin M, Zer Y, Sanal L, Arabaci C, Ay Altintop Y, Ozturk C, Ceyhan M. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumococcal vaccine coverage in adults in Turkey between 2015 and 2018. Ann Med 2023; 55:266-275. [PMID: 36579976 PMCID: PMC9809394 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2160877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance in pneumococcal infections in adults and to provide a perspective regarding serotype coverage of both current and future pneumococcal vaccines. PATIENTS AND METHODS This passive surveillance study was conducted with the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from the specimens of patients with pneumonia (materials isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage), bacteraemia, meningitis, pleuritis and peritonitis between 2015 and 2018. Serogrouping and serotyping were performed by latex particle agglutination and by conventional Quellung reaction using commercial type-specific antisera, respectively. The strains were analysed for penicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and moxifloxacin susceptibilities by E-test. RESULTS In the whole study group (410 samples from adults aged ≥18 years), the most frequent serotypes were 3 (14.1%), 19 F (12%) and 1 (9.3%). The vaccine coverage for PCV13, PCV15, PCV20 and PPV23 was 63.9%, 66.6%, 74.1% and 75.9%, respectively, in all isolates. Penicillin non-susceptibility in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) was 70.8% and 57.1% in the patients aged <65 and ≥65 years, respectively. About 21.1% and 4.3% of the patients with and without IPD had cefotaxime resistance. Non-susceptibility to erythromycin and moxifloxacin was 38.2% and 1.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that novel PCV vaccines may provide improved coverage as compared with the currently available vaccine, PCV13. The significant antibiotic resistance rates imply the need to extend the serotype coverage of the vaccines. Continuing the surveillance in pneumococcal diseases is critical to explore the serotype distribution and incidence changes of IPD cases in the population and to inform policy makers to make necessary improvements in the national immunization programmes.Key messagesThis multicentre study demonstrated the most recent serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance in adult population in Turkey.Shifting from PCV13 to novel conjugated vaccines will significantly increase the coverage.Continuing the surveillance in pneumococcal diseases is critical to explore the serotype distribution changes and the incidence of cases with invasive pneumococcal disease in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Hascelik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guner Soyletir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Gulay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Sancak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Akgun Yaman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Gurler
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabire Sohret Aydemir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Bayramoglu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Faruk Aydin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yesim Cekin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Asuman Birinci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Ozakin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Akpolat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Betil Ozhak Baysan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Meral Gultekin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Zer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Laser Sanal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Arabaci
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ay Altintop
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Candan Ozturk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ceyhan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang SP, Ye YP, Hou J, Ye ZR, Wang ZS, Yu XQ, Guo DD, Wang Y, He YX. Antitoxin MqsA decreases antibiotic susceptibility through the global regulator AgtR in Pseudomonas fluorescens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0081223. [PMID: 37877694 PMCID: PMC10649091 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00812-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II toxin-antitoxin systems are highly prevalent in bacterial genomes and play crucial roles in the general stress response. Previously, we demonstrated that the type II antitoxin PfMqsA regulates biofilm formation through the global regulator AgtR in Pseudomonas fluorescens. Here, we found that both the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of PfMqsA and AgtR are involved in bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analyses revealed that AgtR, rather than PfMqsA, binds to the intergenic region of emhABC-emhR, in which emhABC encodes an resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux pump and emhR encodes a repressor. Through quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR and EMSA analysis, we showed that AgtR directly activates the expression of the emhR by binding to the DNA motif [5´-CTAAGAAATATACTTAC-3´], leading to repression of the emhABC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PfMqsA modulates the expression of EmhABC and EmhR. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanism by which antitoxin PfMqsA contributes to antibiotic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ping Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zi-Rui Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhi-Song Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ding-Ding Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong-Xing He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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22
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Cechin CDF, Carvalho GG, Bastos CP, Kabuki DY. Cronobacter spp. in foods of plant origin: occurrence, contamination routes, and pathogenic potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12398-12412. [PMID: 35866516 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter is an emerging bacterial pathogen associated with infections such as necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and meningitis in neonates and infants, related to the consumption of powdered infant formula. In addition, this bacterium can also cause infections in adults by the ingestion of other foods. Thus, this review article aims to report the occurrence and prevalence of Cronobacter spp. in foods of plant origin, as well as the possible sources and routes of contamination in these products, and the presence of pathogenic strains in these foods. Cronobacter was present in a wide variety of cereal-based foods, vegetables, herbs, spices, ready-to-eat foods, and foods from other categories. This pathogen was also found in cultivation environments, such as soils, compost, animal feces, rice and vegetable crops, as well as food processing industries, and domestic environments, thus demonstrating possible contamination routes. Furthermore, sequence types (ST) involved in clinical cases and isolates resistant to antibiotics were found in Cronobacter strains isolated from food of plant origin. The identification of Cronobacter spp. in plant-based foods is of great importance to better elucidate the vehicles and routes of contamination in the primary production chain and processing facility, until the final consumption of the food, to prevent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine da Fonseca Cechin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Guimarães Carvalho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Peixoto Bastos
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dirce Yorika Kabuki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Denic M, Turlin E, Zamble DB, Betton JM, Vinella D, De Reuse H. The SlyD metallochaperone targets iron-sulfur biogenesis pathways and the TCA cycle. mBio 2023; 14:e0096723. [PMID: 37584558 PMCID: PMC10653786 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00967-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Correct folding of proteins represents a crucial step for their functions. Among the chaperones that control protein folding, the ubiquitous PPIases catalyze the cis/trans-isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds. Only few protein targets of PPIases have been reported in bacteria. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed a large-scale two-hybrid screen to search for targets of the Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori SlyD PPIase-metallochaperone. SlyD from both organisms interacts with enzymes (i) containing metal cofactors, (ii) from the central metabolism tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and (iii) involved in the formation of the essential and ancestral Fe-S cluster cofactor. E. coli and H. pylori ∆slyD mutants present similar phenotypes of diminished susceptibility to antibiotics and to oxidative stress. In H. pylori, measurements of the intracellular ATP content, proton motive force, and activity of TCA cycle proteins suggest that SlyD regulates TCA cycle enzymes by controlling the formation of their indispensable Fe-S clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Denic
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Département de Microbiologie, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Turlin
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Département de Microbiologie, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Deborah B. Zamble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Betton
- Unité Adaptation au stress et Métabolisme chez les entérobactéries, Département de Microbiologie, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vinella
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Département de Microbiologie, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hilde De Reuse
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Département de Microbiologie, UMR CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Benzaarate I, El Otmani F, Khazaz A, Timinouni M, Bourjilat F, Bogaerts P, Huang TD, Nayme K. Detection of Carbapenemase Encoding Gene and Resistance to Cefiderocol in Hospital and Community eXtensive Drug Resistance and Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains in Morocco. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:460-466. [PMID: 37616567 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) remains among clinically-significant Gram-negative species. The carbapenems are often the last resort for treating infections due to multidrug resistant isolates such as Pa. The carbapenems' efficacy is increasingly compromised by the emergence and the rapid spread of Pa carrying carbapenemases which represent a serious threat to public health. This study aimed to establish the resistance profile and to identify carbapenemase genes in isolates with imipenem resistant phenotypes. Among 134 Pa isolates collected both in the community (46) and hospital (88) from January 2021 to December 2021 in Morocco, 18 (8 were from the community and 10 from the hospital settings) were carbapenem resistant. The identification of these strains has been confirmed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). The antibiotic susceptibility testing against 16 antibiotics was carried out and interpreted according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (2021). The worrying antibiotics resistance profiles, which spread to cefiderocol for two isolates, were obtained for all isolates, which were eXtensive Drug Resistance showing highly resistant to all antibiotic categories tested, even to ceftolozane-tazobactam. Colistin (100% susceptible) and cefiderocol (88.88%) were the most active agents against carbapenem-resistant Pa (CRPa). Phenotypic detection by NP-CARBA and NG-CARBA tests of metallo‑β‑lactamase (MβL) production was confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing. Three CRPa isolates coharboring blaVIM-2-blaNDM-1 (two isolates) and blaVIM-2-blaIMP-8 (one isolate) genes were detected. In this study, we describe the coexistence of these MβL genes and the cefiderocol resistance in CRPa strains in Morocco. The alarming antibiotic resistance patterns of all these CRPa isolates and their resistance genes emphasize the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the choice of antibiotics for treating Pa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihssane Benzaarate
- Microbiology and Antimicrobial Agents Research Team (LB2VE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Otmani
- Microbiology and Antimicrobial Agents Research Team (LB2VE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Aboubakr Khazaz
- Microbiology and Antimicrobial Agents Research Team (LB2VE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Timinouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Bioinformatique, Ecoles des Hautes Etudes de Biotechnologie et de santé (EHEB), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatna Bourjilat
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Pierre Bogaerts
- National Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Te-Din Huang
- National Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Kaotar Nayme
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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25
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Nathaniel E, Ikram J, James A, Obaid B, Zahid A, Ahmed Z, Wazir DK, Muhammad Farooq Wahab Q, Varrassi G, Kumar S, Khatri M. Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Strains Isolated From Wound of Patients With Diabetes. Cureus 2023; 15:e47681. [PMID: 38021964 PMCID: PMC10673648 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic wound infections are susceptible to various pathogens, particularly bacteria, due to the immunocompromised state of diabetic patients. Staphylococcus aureus is frequently implicated in diabetic wounds. To ascertain the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens derived from diabetic wound infections, a comprehensive analysis is required. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present cross-sectional investigation was carried out at a tertiary care facility. The samples were collected in aseptic conditions from the Endocrinology unit, specifically from local in-hospital patients (n=140). These samples were then assessed for their susceptibility to the commonly used antibacterial medications within the study area. The specimens were obtained from the lesions of individuals diagnosed with diabetes. The subjects were subjected to inoculation using various media and cultures. RESULTS The findings of this study revealed that a collective sum of 122 bacterial isolates was acquired. The conclusions of the antibiotic susceptibility analysis revealed that the gram-positive isolates had a higher level of resistance to penicillin G (93.18%). However, they demonstrated sensitivity to vancomycin (100%) and linezolid (LZD) (95%). The gram-negative isolates exhibited complete resistance, at a rate of 100%, to penicillin, specifically amoxicillin (AMC), as well as to sulfonamides, such as sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), which belong to the antibiotic classes mentioned. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there has been a notable rise in antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jibran Ikram
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Aimen James
- Dermatology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, PAK
| | | | - Ayesha Zahid
- Surgery, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK
| | | | | | | | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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26
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Cruz C, Rodrigues L, Fernandes F, Santos R, Paixão P, Chasqueira MJ. Corrigendum: Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Portuguese environmental Legionella isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1272773. [PMID: 37799332 PMCID: PMC10548461 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1272773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141115.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cruz
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Rodrigues
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Fernandes
- Laboratório de Análises de Água, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Santos
- Laboratório de Análises de Água, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Jesus Chasqueira
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Jabbar A, Ashraf M, Rahman SU, Sajid MS. Prevalence, molecular characterization and antibiogram of Mycoplasma bovis isolated from milk in Pakistan. Pol J Vet Sci 2023; 26:461-471. [PMID: 37727701 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious pathogen that causes clinical or subclinical mastitis. The present study was aimed for the isolation, molecular characterization and antibiogram determination of M. bovis from raw milk samples. Milk samples were collected randomly from lactating cows and buffaloes from different tehsils of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. Samples were inoculated on modified Hayflick medium and biochemical tests were performed for further confirmation of isolated M. bovis. Out of total 400 milk samples, 184 (46%) samples were found positive for culture method. The 16S-rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction was performed for molecular characterization of isolated M. bovis strains. Out of total 400 milk samples, 240 (60%) positive for M. bovis through PCR method were examined. The 16S-rRNA gene PCR positive isolated M. bovis strains were sequenced and results were compared using Maximum-likelihood method and sequenced strains of M. bovis were aligned and analyzed by Clustal W software. Antibiogram of isolated M. bovis strains was analyzed by disc diffusion assay against eight commonly used antibiotics. Tylosin (30μg) and Tilmicosin (15ug) showed inhibition zones of 32.34 ± 1.10 mm and 17.12 ± 0.93 mm respectively against isolated M. bovis which were found sensitive. Isolated M. bovis was found resistant to other commonly used antibiotics. Statistical analysis revealed that p-value was < 0.05 and the odds ratio was >1.0 at 95% CI. This study complemented the lack of epidemiological knowledge of molecular characterization, comparative effectiveness and resistance trends of isolated M. bovis strains against commonly used antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jabbar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - M Ashraf
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - S U Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - M S Sajid
- Department of parasitology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
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28
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Vasconcellos L, Silva SV, da Costa LV, de Miranda RVDSL, Dos Reis CMF, Braga LMPDS, Silva C, Conceição G, Mattoso J, Silva IB, Forsythe SJ, Midlej V, Boas MHSV, Brandão MLL. Phenotypical and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from a pharmaceutical facility. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad101. [PMID: 37660241 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing microorganisms according to different criteria is useful when investigating sources of microbiological contamination in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to characterize 38 Acinetobacter baumannii complex strains isolated from a biopharmaceutical industry by 16S rRNA sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility profile, biofilm formation, and sensibility to disinfectants. Thirty-three (86.9%) strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as A. seifertii/pitti/nosocomialis/lactucae, four (10.5%) as A. baumannii, and one (2.6%) as A. vivianii/courvalini. MALDI-TOF/MS did not identify one strain, and incorrectly identified 30/37 (81.1%) strains as A. baumannii. Strains were assigned to 12 different STs, of which nine were newly defined in this study (STs 2091-2099). Twenty-six (68.4%) strains showed resistance to amikacin and gentamicin. Thirty-three (86.8%) strains were classified as moderately or strongly adherent on polystyrene. Alcohol 70%/15 min and quaternary ammonium 0.08%/20 min were not able to eliminate the biofilm formed, but sodium hypochlorite 0.1%/15 min was efficient. In conclusion, improved methods are needed to improve the identification of Acinetobacter strains in pharmaceutical industries. This organism is of particular concern as it forms recalcitrant biofilms, leading to persistence in the manufacturing environment and increased risk of product contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Vasconcellos
- Microbiological Control Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Food and Sanitizes, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | - Samara Verly Silva
- Microbiological Control Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luciana Veloso da Costa
- Microbiological Control Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Vitoria da Silva Lage de Miranda
- Microbiological Control Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Food and Sanitizes, INCQS/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudiane Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | - Greice Conceição
- Department of Quality Control, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | - Josiane Mattoso
- Microbiological Control Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | - Igor Barbosa Silva
- Microbiological Control Laboratory, Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Midlej
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP:21040-360, Brazil
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Tsai CH, Chen YC, Chen PY, Lai CC, Tang HJ, Chuang YC, Chen CC, Ho CH, Hsu WY, Chang TH. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of E. coli Isolates from Intra-Abdominal Infections in the Asia-Pacific Region: Trends in Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam Susceptibility. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5599-5611. [PMID: 37650005 PMCID: PMC10464894 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s422203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates in patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in the Asia-Pacific region. Patients and Methods This study was conducted at 50 medical hospitals across 9 countries/regions as part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) surveillance program from 2014 to 2018. Nonduplicate isolates of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli were collected and processed for further antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results A total of 10,709 isolates were collected, with E. coli (n=4737, 44.2%) being the leading pathogen causing IAIs, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=2429, 22.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=931, 8.7%). Community-associated (CA) E. coli isolates generally exhibited higher susceptibility rates for most antibiotics than hospital-associated (HA) isolates. In countries/regions other than Hong Kong, South Korea, and Singapore, HA isolates displayed lower susceptibility rates for multiple classes (≥4) of antibiotics. Among the commonly used antibiotics in IAIs, the overall susceptibility rate for ciprofloxacin was low, with an average of 41.3%. Ceftriaxone susceptibility rates in all selected countries were below 80% starting in 2018, ranging from 23.3% to 75.8%. The cefepime susceptibility rates varied across regions, with consistently reduced susceptibility ranging from 45.5% to 57.8% in India, Thailand, and Vietnam. Piperacillin/tazobactam demonstrated effectiveness against E. coli isolates in almost all countries except India, with a downward trend observed in the Philippines and Taiwan. Carbapenems remained effective against more than 90% of E. coli isolates, except in India. Conclusion Prudent use of fluoroquinolones and ceftriaxone is advised when treating both CA and HA IAIs in the Asia-Pacific region. The low susceptibility rate of cefepime in India, Thailand, and Vietnam needs careful consideration in its administration. Moreover, the increase in nonsusceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam in the Philippines and Taiwan poses a potential risk that should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lim TP, Ho JY, Teo JQM, Sim JHC, Tan SH, Tan TT, Kwa ALH. In Vitro Susceptibility to Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Comparator Antimicrobial Agents of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Isolates. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2158. [PMID: 37764002 PMCID: PMC10534512 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has been recognized as a significant concern globally. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor that has demonstrated activity against isolates producing class A, C, and D β-lactamases. Here-in, we evaluated the in vitro activity of CZA and comparator antimicrobial agents against 858 CRE isolates, arising from the Southeast Asian region, collected from a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. These CRE isolates mainly comprised Klebsiella pneumoniae (50.5%), Escherichia coli (29.4%), and Enterobacter cloacae complex (17.1%). Susceptibility rates to levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, aztreonam, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, tigecycline, and polymyxin B were low. CZA was the most active β-lactam agent against 68.9% of the studied isolates, while amikacin was the most active agent among all comparator antibiotics (80% susceptibility). More than half of the studied isolates (51.4%) identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-2 producers, 25.9% were New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producers, and Oxacillinase (OXA)-48-like producers made up 10.7%. CZA was the most active β-lactam agent against KPC-2, OXA-48-like, and Imipenemase (IMI) producers (99.3% susceptible; MIC50/90: ≤1/2 mg/L). CZA had excellent activity against the non-carbapenemase-producing CRE (91.4% susceptible; MIC50/90: ≤1/8 mg/L). Expectedly, CZA had no activity against the metallo-β-lactamases (MBL)-producing CRE (NDM- and Imipenemase MBL (IMP) producers; 27.2% isolates), and the carbapenemase co-producing CRE (NDM + KPC, NDM + OXA-48-like, NDM + IMP; 3.0% isolates). CZA is a promising addition to our limited armamentarium against CRE infections, given the reasonably high susceptibility rates against these CRE isolates. Careful stewardship and rational dosing regimens are required to preserve CZA's utility against CRE infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Peng Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 168582, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Pathology Academic Clinical Programme, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore;
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 168582, Singapore
| | - Jun-Yuan Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 168582, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Qi-Min Teo
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 168582, Singapore
| | - James Heng-Chiak Sim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Pathology Academic Clinical Programme, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore;
- Department of Microbiology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Si-Hui Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 168582, Singapore
| | - Thuan-Tong Tan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 168582, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 168582, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, 10 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore 168582, Singapore
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Oh SE, Heo S, Lee G, Park HJ, Jeong DW. Novel Starter Strain Enterococcus faecium DMEA09 from Traditional Korean Fermented Meju. Foods 2023; 12:3008. [PMID: 37628007 PMCID: PMC10453556 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enterococcus faecium strain DMEA09 was previously isolated from traditional Korean fermented meju. The objective of the current study was to investigate the traits of E. faecium strain DMEA09 as a starter candidate, focusing on its safety and technological properties. Regarding its safety, the DMEA09 strain was found to be sensitive to nine antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, tylosin, and vancomycin) by showing lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) than the cut-off values suggested by the European Union Food Safety Authority for these nine antibiotics. However, its MIC value for clindamycin was twice as high as the cut-off value. A genomic analysis revealed that strain DMEA09 did not encode the acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including those for clindamycin. The DMEA09 strain did not show hemolysis as a result of analyzing α- and β-hemolysis. It did not form biofilm either. A genomic analysis revealed that strain DMEA09 did not encode for any virulence factors including hemolysin. Most importantly, multilocus sequence typing revealed that the clonal group of strain DMEA09 was distinguished from clinical isolates. Regarding its technological properties, strain DMEA09 could grow in the presence of 6% salt. It showed protease activity when the salt concentration was 3%. It did not exhibit lipase activity. Its genome possessed 37 putative protease genes and salt-tolerance genes for survivability under salt conditions. Consequently, strain DMEA09 shows safe and technological properties as a new starter candidate. This was confirmed by genome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eun Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Heo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Gawon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
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John KR, Warrier A, Warrier A. Microbiological Spectrum of Neutropenic Sepsis in Cancer Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Health Care Centre. Cureus 2023; 15:e43898. [PMID: 37746392 PMCID: PMC10515477 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the microbiological profile, sensitivity of organisms, treatment and outcomes of in-patients suffering from febrile neutropenia in a tertiary healthcare centre. METHODS Data was obtained from the Electronic Medical Health records in Aster Medcity, Cochin, IND. The study population included adult patients undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies or solid tumors in the hospital between January 2021 and March 2023. Febrile neutropenia episodes were identified based on (1) absolute neutrophil count ≤1500 mm3, (2) at least a single recorded oral temperature of >38.0∘C (100.4∘F) sustained over a one-hour period. Febrile neutropenia consequences included ICU admission, length of ICU admission, and mortality. RESULTS Total 115 cases of febrile neutropenia were identified in the time period from January 2021 to March 2023. Organisms were isolated from 43% of all the cultures taken. The most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.81%), followed by Escherichia coli (29.69%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.94%). Other organisms that were also isolated were Candida albicans (3.13%), Aeromonas hydrophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cepacia, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Streptococcus spp, and one case of Ralstonia mannitolytica. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was seen in 33% of isolates and extensive-drug resistance was seen in 19% of isolates. E. coli showed the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance with 68% growing MDR isolates and 16% growing XDR isolates. ICU stay was required in 34% of patients with a median duration of stay of three days. A mortality rate of 16.52% was seen, with 17.11% in hematological malignancies and 15.38% in solid tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study showed an increasing prevalence of Gram-negative bacterial infection in patients with febrile neutropenia. It also shows a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in microbes in febrile neutropenia. Larger multi-hospital studies are required to better understand the microbiological profile of febrile neutropenia and identify the developing antimicrobial resistance trends.
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Mandviya P, Ghanwate N, Thakare P. First case report of isolation of Micrococcus lylae from urinary catheter of a 50-year-old woman suffering from malignancy. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17:1041-1046. [PMID: 37515797 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection which tends to cause increased length of morbidity, and mortality of patients, in addition to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics. METHODOLOGY In the present study, urinary catheters were collected from a 50-year-old woman suffering from malignancy, bedridden, and having urinary incontinence. These catheters were processed in laboratory for isolation of bacteria using standard procedures. RESULTS Microbiological examination of the urinary catheters by biochemical, physiological, and VITEK 2 compact system revealed bacterial infection caused by Micrococcus lylae, a Gram-positive microorganism belonging to the family Micrococcacea. These Gram-positive bacteria were found to be susceptible to streptomycin, erythromycin, cefotaxime, neomycin, kanamycin, vancomycin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Bacterial species were confirmed using 16s rRNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The sequences were found to have 99% similarity with Micrococcus lylae. This is the first report of isolation of Micrococcus lylae from the urinary catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mandviya
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India
| | - Niraj Ghanwate
- Department of Microbiology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India
| | - Prashant Thakare
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India
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Jang H, Choi SY, Mitchell RJ. Staphylococcus aureus Sensitivity to Membrane Disrupting Antibacterials Is Increased under Microgravity. Cells 2023; 12:1907. [PMID: 37508571 PMCID: PMC10377918 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In a survey of the International Space Station (ISS), the most common pathogenic bacterium identified in samples from the air, water and surfaces was Staphylococcus aureus. While growth under microgravity is known to cause physiological changes in microbial pathogens, including shifts in antibacterial sensitivity, its impact on S. aureus is not well understood. Using high-aspect ratio vessels (HARVs) to generate simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions in the lab, we found S. aureus lipid profiles are altered significantly, with a higher presence of branch-chained fatty acids (BCFAs) (14.8% to 35.4%) with a concomitant reduction (41.3% to 31.4%) in straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) under SMG. This shift significantly increased the sensitivity of this pathogen to daptomycin, a membrane-acting antibiotic, leading to 12.1-fold better killing under SMG. Comparative assays with two additional compounds, i.e., SDS and violacein, confirmed S. aureus is more susceptible to membrane-disrupting agents, with 0.04% SDS and 0.6 mg/L violacein resulting in 22.9- and 12.8-fold better killing in SMG than normal gravity, respectively. As humankind seeks to establish permanent colonies in space, these results demonstrate the increased potency of membrane-active antibacterials to control the presence and spread of S. aureus, and potentially other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyochan Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeol Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Mitchell
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Black C, Al Mahmud H, Howle V, Wilson S, Smith AC, Wakeman CA. Development of a Polymicrobial Checkerboard Assay as a Tool for Determining Combinatorial Antibiotic Effectiveness in Polymicrobial Communities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1207. [PMID: 37508303 PMCID: PMC10376321 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The checkerboard assay is a well-established tool used to determine the antimicrobial effects of two compounds in combination. Usually, data collected from the checkerboard assay use visible turbidity and optical density as a readout. While helpful in traditional checkerboard assays, these measurements become less useful in a polymicrobial context as they do not enable assessment of the drug effects on the individual members of the community. The methodology described herein allows for the determination of cell viability through selective and differential plating of each individual species in a community while retaining much of the high-throughput nature of a turbidity-based analysis and requiring no specialized equipment. This methodology further improves turbidity-based measurements by providing a distinction between bacteriostatic versus bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics. Herein, we use this method to demonstrate that the clinically used antibiotic combination of ceftazidime and gentamicin works synergistically against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in monoculture but antagonistically in a polymicrobial culture also containing Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, highlighting the fundamental importance of this methodology in improving clinical practices. We propose that this method could be implemented in clinical microbiology laboratories with minimal impact on the overall time for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Black
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hafij Al Mahmud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Victoria Howle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Sabrina Wilson
- Department of Honors Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Allie C Smith
- Department of Honors Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Catherine A Wakeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Wang S, Song Y, Shi N, Yin D, Kang J, Cai W, Duan J. Characteristics, Outcomes, and Clinical Indicators of Bloodstream Infections in Neutropenic Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A 7-Year Retrospective Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4471-4487. [PMID: 37449245 PMCID: PMC10337688 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s413454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the current epidemiology, its changes during the study years, and inflammatory biomarkers of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. We assessed mortality risk factors and multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative BSI predictors. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective study from January 2015 to December 2021, which included adult neutropenic oncohematological patients with confirmed BSIs. We used univariable and multivariable analyses to analyze the risk factors. Each index's reliability for bacterial BSI diagnosis was assessed using the receiver-operating characteristic curve and area under the curve. Results A total of 514 isolates were obtained from the 452 patients. The average mortality was 17.71%. Gram-negative organisms were the predominant causes of BSI. Escherichia coli was the most common microorganism (49.90%). The overall variation trend of the isolation rate of MDR and carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria increased. Multivariate analysis indicated that: 1) neutropenia that lasted for more than 7 days, patients ≥ 60 years of age, septic shock, hospitalization for >20 days, BSI with a carbapenem-resistant strain, and treatment with linezolid or vancomycin in infections lasting less than 30 days were independent mortality risk factors; 2) severe neutropenia exceeding 7 days, unreasonable empirical therapy, and receipt of aminoglycosides or 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins in infections lasting less than 30 days were independent risk factors of MDR gram-negative bacteria. Procalcitonin, absolute neutrophil count, and white blood cell indicate higher diagnostic accuracy for BSIs. Moreover, bacteria time to detection was better at differentiating Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. Conclusion We analyzed the risk factors for BSI neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies, the distribution of bacteria, antibiotic resistance, and the changes in clinical parameters. This single-center retrospective study may provide clinicians with novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of BSI to improve future clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghong Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanni Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinju Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Aldarhami A, Bazaid AS, Qanash H, Ahmad I, Alshammari FH, Alshammari AM, Alshammari AH, Aljanfawe FM, Aldamiri B, Aldawood E, Alghamdi MA, Binsaleh NK, Saeedi NH, Snoussi M. Effects of Repeated in-vitro Exposure to Saudi Honey on Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics and Biofilm Formation. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4273-4283. [PMID: 37424668 PMCID: PMC10327913 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s410159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although Sumra and Sidr Saudi honey is widely used in traditional medicine due to its potent activity, it is unknown whether its prolonged usage has impact upon bacterial virulence or leading to reduced antibiotic sensitivity. Thus, the study aims to investigate the effect of prolonged (repeated) in-vitro exposure to Saudi honey on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria. Methods Several bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii, were in-vitro exposed ten times [passaged (P10)]to Sumra and Sider honey individually to introduce adapted bacteria (P10). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of untreated (P0) and adapted (P10) bacteria were assessed using disc diffusion and microdilution assays. The tendency regarding biofilm formation following in-vitro exposure to honey (P10) was assessed using the Crystal violet staining method. Results Adapted (P10) bacteria to both Sumra and Sidr honey showed an increased sensitivity to gentamicin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, and ceftriaxone, when compared with the parent strains (P0). In addition, A. baumannii (P10) that was adapted to Sidr honey displayed a 4-fold increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration of the same honey following in-vitro exposure. 3-fold reduction in the tendency toward biofilm formation was observed for the Sumra-adapted (P10) methicillin resistant S. aureus strain, although there was a lower rate of reduction (1.5-fold) in biofilm formation by both the Sumra- and Sidr-adapted A. baumannii (P10) strains. Conclusion The data highlight the positive impact of prolonged in-vitro exposure to Saudi honey (Sumra and Sider) for wound-associated bacteria since they displayed a significant increase in their sensitivity profiles to the tested antibiotic and a reduction in their ability to form biofilm. The increased bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics and a limited tendency toward biofilm formation would suggest the great potential therapeutic use of this Saudi honey (Sumra and Sidr) to treat wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Aldarhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qunfudah Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Bazaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Qanash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Fahad H Alshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman H Alshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Aljanfawe
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Aldamiri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa Aldawood
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashail A Alghamdi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif K Binsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar H Saeedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Hail, 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
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Leszczyńska K, Święcicka I, Daniluk T, Lebensztejn D, Chmielewska-Deptuła S, Leszczyńska D, Gawor J, Kliber M. Escherichia albertii as a Potential Enteropathogen in the Light of Epidemiological and Genomic Studies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1384. [PMID: 37510288 PMCID: PMC10379040 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a new enteropathogen of humans and animals. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and pathogenicity of E. albertii strains isolated in northeastern Poland using epidemiological and genomic studies. In 2015-2018, a total of 1154 fecal samples from children and adults, 497 bird droppings, 212 food samples, 92 water samples, and 500 lactose-negative E. coli strains were tested. A total of 42 E. albertii strains were isolated. The PCR method was suitable for their rapid identification. In total, 33.3% of E. albertii isolates were resistant to one antibiotic, and 16.7% to two. Isolates were sensitive to cefepime, imipenem, levofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and did not produce ESBL β-lactamases. High genetic variability of E. albertii has been demonstrated. In the PFGE method, 90.5% of the strains had distinct pulsotypes. In MLST typing, 85.7% of strains were assigned distinct sequence types (STs), of which 64% were novel ST types. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and Paa toxin genes were found in 100% of E. albertii isolates. Genes encoding toxins, IbeA, CdtB type 2, Tsh and Shiga (Stx2f), were found in 26.2%, 9.7%, 1.7%, and 0.4% of E. albertii isolates, respectively. The chromosome size of the tested strains ranged from 4,573,338 to 5,141,010 bp (average 4,784,003 bp), and at least one plasmid was present in all strains. The study contributes to a more accurate assessment of the genetic diversity of E. albertii and the potential threat it poses to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Leszczyńska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Święcicka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Tamara Daniluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lebensztejn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Chmielewska-Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Leszczyńska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- DNA Sequecing and Synthesis Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kliber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Enginnering, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Plainvert C, Matuschek E, Dmytruk N, Gaillard M, Frigo A, Ballaa Y, Biesaga E, Kahlmeter G, Poyart C, Tazi A. Microbiological Epidemiology of Invasive Infections Due to Non-Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci, France, 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0016023. [PMID: 37199642 PMCID: PMC10269528 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00160-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-beta-hemolytic streptococci (NBHS), also referred to as viridans streptococci, represent an underestimated cause of human invasive diseases. Their resistance to antibiotics, including beta-lactam agents, often complicate their therapeutic management. A prospective multicenter study was conducted by the French National Reference Center for Streptococci between March and April 2021 to describe the clinical and microbiological epidemiology of invasive infections due to NBHS, excluding pneumococcus. A total of 522 NBHS invasive cases were collected. Distribution among streptococcal groups was: Streptococcus anginosus (33%), Streptococcus mitis (28%), Streptococcus sanguinis (16%), Streptococcus bovis/equinus (15%), Streptococcus salivarius (8%), and Streptococcus mutans (<1%). Median age of infection was 68 years old (range <1 day to 100 years). Cases were more frequent in male patients (gender ratio M/F 2.1:1) and manifested mainly as bacteremia without focus (46%), intra-abdominal infections (18%) and endocarditis (11%). All isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides and displayed low-level inherent gentamicin resistance. All isolates of the S. bovis/equinus, S. anginosus, and S. mutans groups were susceptible to beta-lactams. Conversely, nonsusceptibility to beta-lactams was found in 31%, 28%, and 52% of S. mitis, S. salivarius, and S. sanguinis isolates, respectively. The screening for beta-lactam resistance using the recommended one unit benzylpenicillin disk screening failed to detect 21% of resistant isolates (21/99). Last, overall resistance rates to the alternative anti-streptococcal molecules clindamycin and moxifloxacin were 29% (149/522) and 1.6% (8/505), respectively. IMPORTANCE NBHS are recognized as opportunistic pathogens particularly involved in infections of the elderly and immunocompromised patients. This study underlines their importance as common causes of severe and difficult-to-treat infections such as endocarditis. Although species of the S. anginosus and S. bovis/equinus groups remain constantly susceptible to beta-lams, resistance in oral streptococci exceeds 30% and screening techniques are not fully reliable. Therefore, accurate species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by MICs determination appears essential for the treatment of NBHS invasive infections, together with continued epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Plainvert
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Dmytruk
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
| | - Marine Gaillard
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Frigo
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
| | - Yassine Ballaa
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
| | - Eddy Biesaga
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
| | - Gunnar Kahlmeter
- EUCAST Development Laboratory, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Claire Poyart
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Asmaa Tazi
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Site Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Abate FM, Fentie Kassa T. Isolation and identification of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from symptomatic and asymptomatic sheep and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in three selected districts of north Gondar zone, Gondar Ethiopia. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37197762 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small ruminants are the most numerous of man's domestic livestock. Although sheep represent a great resource for Ethiopia, the net rate of productivity per animal is very low due to many factors including respiratory disorders. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this work were to isolate and identify M. haemolytica and P. multocida as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these isolates. Nasal swab samples were collected aseptically by using 70% alcohol as a disinfectant. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected districts of the north Gondar zone, Ethiopia. RESULTS From 148 samples collected in 94 (63.5%) asymptomatic and 54 (35.5%) symptomatic sheep, a total of 23 were isolated successfully based on cultural, staining, and biochemical characteristics. Of these isolates, 18 (78.3%) and 5 (21.7%) were M. haeimolytica and P. multocida, respectively. Compared with the total animals examined, the proportion of M. haeimolytica and P. multocida were 12.16 % (n = 18) and 3.38% (n = 5), respectively. All of the isolates were subjected to a panel of 8 antibiotic discs for sensitivity testing. Of the tested antibiotics, chloramphenicol (100%), gentamicin, and tetracycline (82.6%) each and co-trimoxazole (60.8%) were found to be the most effective drugs whereas, both species were completely resistant to vancomycin and showed a very low degree of susceptibility for the rest drugs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, M. haemolytica was found to be the predominant isolate in all host-related factors and most of the antibiotics were not fully effective against the isolates. Hence, treatment and/or vaccination of ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis should be emphasised to M. haeimolytica using the most effective drugs along with appropriate herd management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentahun Mitku Abate
- Department of animal science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Debark University, Debark, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaw Fentie Kassa
- Department of public health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ren Q, Luo W, Chi H, Zhang L, Chen W. Down-regulation of β-lactam antibiotics resistance and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis is associated with isookanin. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1139796. [PMID: 37234778 PMCID: PMC10206261 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1139796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biofilm formation is the major pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), which enhances bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Isookanin has potential inhibitory activity on biofilm. Method The inhibiting mechanisms of isookanin against biofilm formation through surface hydrophobicity assay, exopolysaccharides, eDNA, gene expression analysis, microscopic visualization, and molecular docking were explored. Additionally, the combination of isookanin and β-lactam antibiotics were evaluated by the broth micro-checkerboard assay. Results The results showed that isookanin could decrease the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis by ≥85% at 250 μg/mL. The exopolysaccharides, eDNA and surface hydrophobicity were reduced after treatment with isookanin. Microscopic visualization analysis showed that there were fewer bacteria on the surface of the microscopic coverslip and the bacterial cell membrane was damaged after treatment with isookanin. The down-regulation of icaB and up-regulation of icaR were observed after treatment with isookanin. Additionally, the RNAIII gene was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.0001) at the mRNA level. Molecular docking showed that isookanin could bind to biofilm-related proteins. This indicated that isookanin can affect biofilm formation at the initial attachment phase and the aggregation phase. The FICI index showed that the combination of isookanin and β-lactam antibiotics were synergistic and could reduce doses of antibiotics by inhibiting biofilm formation. Discussion This study improved the antibiotic susceptibility of S. epidermidis through inhibition of the biofilm formation, and provided a guidance for the treatment of antibiotic resistance caused by biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wanhe Luo
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haoming Chi
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
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Cruz C, Rodrigues L, Fernandes F, Santos R, Paixão P, Chasqueira MJ. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Portuguese environmental Legionella isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141115. [PMID: 37153155 PMCID: PMC10160366 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Legionnaires' Disease is a pneumonia caused by Legionella spp., currently treated empirically with fluoroquinolones and macrolides. In this study, we aim to describe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of environmental Legionella recovered in the south of Portugal. Methods Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of 57 Legionella isolates (10 Lp sg 1, 32, Lp sg 2-14 15 L. spp) was achieved by broth microdilution, as described by EUCAST, for azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and doxycycline. Results Fluoroquinolones were the most active antibiotic, displaying the lowest MIC values in contrast to doxycycline which had the highest. MIC90 and epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values were, respectively, 0.5/1 mg/L for azithromycin, 0.125/0.25 mg/L for clarithromycin, 0.064/0.125 mg/L for ciprofloxacin, 0.125/0.125 mg/L for levofloxacin and 16/32 mg/L for doxycycline. Discussion MIC distributions were higher than reported by EUCAST for all antibiotics. Interestingly, two phenotypically resistant isolates with high-level quinolone resistance were identified. This is the first time that MIC distributions, lpeAB and tet56 genes have been investigated in Portuguese environmental isolates of Legionella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cruz
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Rodrigues
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Fernandes
- Laboratório de Análises de Água, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Santos
- Laboratório de Análises de Água, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Jesus Chasqueira
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Adams J, Santarossa M, Harrington A, Bauer M, Wozniak A, Labuszewski L, Albarillo FS. In vitro susceptibility of carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales to meropenem-vaborbactam and ceftazidime-avibactam at a single academic medical centre. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:282-291. [PMID: 36772806 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2177337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are considered an urgent threat. Ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam contain β-lactamase inhibitors active against CRE isolates including those that produce Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC). METHODS Retrospective chart review of CRE isolates from 1 January 2016 to 1 November 2018. Collected data includes a descriptive overview of measured MIC values, resistance mechanism via a polymerase chain reaction test (Xpert Carba-R, Cepheid, Sunnyvale CA), as well as clinical outcomes. RESULTS Of 106 isolates reviewed, 86 isolates met the inclusion criteria from 85 individual subjects. The breakpoint:MIC ratio for ceftazidime-avibactam overall was 4, while for meropenem-vaborbactam this ratio was 32 (p < 0.0001). For KPC isolates, ceftazidime-avibactam MIC50/MIC90 in 2016, 2017, and 2018 were 2/4 mg/L (n = 32), 2/4 mg/L (n = 17), and 2/8 mg/L (n = 30), respectively. The meropenem-vaborbactam MIC50/MIC90, for KPC isolates in 2016, 2017, and 2018 were 0.06/0.125 mg/L (n = 32), 0.06/0.1 mg/L (n = 17), and 0.06/0.5 mg/L (n = 30), respectively. Microbiologic cure was 75% (n = 16) in ceftazidime-avibactam subjects and 58.3% (n = 12) in subjects treated with alternative agents (p = 0.43). The 14- and 30-day mortality was numerically higher in subjects treated with alternate agents when compared ceftazidime-avibactam 2/9 (22.2%) vs 3/17 (17.6%) (p = 1.00) and 4/9 (44.4%) vs 4/17 (28.6%) (p = 0.38), respectively. For ceftazidime-avibactam, 30-day mortality in 2016, 2017, and 2018 was 0/5 (0%), 0/2 (0%), and 4/10 (40%). CONCLUSION Selective pressure from the use of ceftazidime-avibactam at our institution may be decreasing its utility as a first-line agent for CRE infections. Meropenem-vaborbactam maintained low MIC values and may be a promising treatment option for CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Adams
- Department of Pharmacy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Maressa Santarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Harrington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Amy Wozniak
- Clinical Research Office, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laurie Labuszewski
- Department of Pharmacy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Fritzie S Albarillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Charęza M, Przygrodzka K, Żywicka A, Grygorcewicz B, Sobolewski P, Mozia S, Śmiglak M, Drozd R. Enhancement of Inhibition of the Pseudomonas sp. Biofilm Formation on Bacterial Cellulose-Based Wound Dressing by the Combined Action of Alginate Lyase and Gentamicin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36902169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms generally contribute to chronic infections, including wound infections. Due to the antibiotic resistance mechanisms protecting bacteria living in the biofilm, they are a serious problem in the wound healing process. To accelerate the wound healing process and avoid bacterial infection, it is necessary to select the appropriate dressing material. In this study, the promising therapeutic properties of alginate lyase (AlgL) immobilised on BC membranes for protecting wounds from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were investigated. The AlgL was immobilised on never dried BC pellicles via physical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of AlgL was 6.0 mg/g of dry BC, and the equilibrium was reached after 2 h. The adsorption kinetics was studied, and it has been proven that the adsorption was consistent with Langmuir isotherm. In addition, the impact of enzyme immobilisation on bacterial biofilm stability and the effect of simultaneous immobilisation of AlgL and gentamicin on the viability of bacterial cells was investigated. The obtained results showed that the AlgL immobilisation significantly reduced the amount of polysaccharides component of the P. aeruginosa biofilm. Moreover, the biofilm disruption by AlgL immobilised on BC membranes exhibited synergism with the gentamicin, resulting in 86.5% more dead P. aeruginosa PAO-1 cells.
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Zhang Y, Gholizadeh H, Young P, Traini D, Li M, Ong HX, Cheng S. Real-time in-situ electrochemical monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on air-liquid interface and its antibiotic susceptibility using a novel dual-chamber microfluidic device. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:702-714. [PMID: 36408870 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of bacterial cells encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix that exhibit high tolerance toward environmental stress. Despite the plethora of research on biofilms, most P. aeruginosa biofilm models are cultured on a solid-liquid interface, and the longitudinal growth characteristics of P. aeruginosa biofilm are unclear. This study demonstrates the real-time and noninvasive monitoring of biofilm growth using a novel dual-chamber microfluidic device integrated with electrochemical detection capabilities to monitor pyocyanin (PYO). The growth of P. aeruginosa biofilms on the air-liquid interface (ALI) was monitored over 48 h, and its antibiotic susceptibility to 6 h exposure of 50, 400, and 1600 µg/ml of ciprofloxacin solutions was analyzed. The biofilm was treated directly on its surface and indirectly from the substratum by delivering the CIP solution to the top or bottom chamber of the microfluidic device. Results showed that P. aeruginosa biofilm developed on ALI produces PYO continuously, with the PYO production rate varying longitudinally and peak production observed between 24 and 30 h. In addition, this current study shows that the amount of PYO produced by the ALI biofilm is proportional to its viable cell numbers, which has not been previously demonstrated. Biofilm treated with ciprofloxacin solution above 400 µg/ml showed significant PYO reduction, with biofilms being killed more effectively when treatment was applied to their surfaces. The electrochemical measurement results have been verified with colony-forming unit count results, and the strong correlation between the PYO electrical signal and the viable cell number highlights the usefulness of this approach for fast and low-cost ALI biofilm study and antimicrobial tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hanieh Gholizadeh
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ulanova M, Tsang RSW, Nix EB, Kelly L, Shuel M, Lance B. Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in northwestern Ontario: comparison of invasive and noninvasive H. influenzae clinical isolates. Can J Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36753721 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In the post-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine era, invasive H. influenzae type a (Hia) disease emerged in North American Indigenous populations. The role of Hia in noninvasive disease is uncertain; it is unknown whether noninvasive Hia infections are prevalent in populations with a high incidence of invasive disease, and whether invasive and noninvasive Hia isolates have different characteristics. We analyzed all invasive and noninvasive clinical H. influenzae isolates collected in a northwestern Ontario hospital serving 82% Indigenous population over 5.5 years. Serotyping, clonal analysis, and antimicrobial sensitivity testing were conducted on 233 noninvasive and 20 invasive isolates. Among noninvasive isolates, 91% were nontypeable (NTHi) and 3% were Hia; Hia was the most frequent invasive isolate (60%). Incidence rates of invasive H. influenzae disease (12.5/100 000/year) greatly exceeded average provincial data, with the highest found in <6-year-old children (63.9/100 000/year); the proportion of Hia among invasive isolates was seven times larger than in Ontario. No difference in clonal characteristics between invasive and noninvasive Hia isolates was found. Antibiotic resistance was more common among NTHi than among encapsulated isolates, without differences between invasive and noninvasive isolates. Considering the significance of Hia in Indigenous populations, pediatric immunization against Hia will be useful to prevent serious infections in young Indigenous children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R S W Tsang
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - E B Nix
- NOSM University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - L Kelly
- Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre, Sioux Lookout, ON, Canada
| | - M Shuel
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - B Lance
- Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre, Sioux Lookout, ON, Canada
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Ma K, Wang H, Lv Z, Hu Y, Wang H, Shu F, Zhu C, Xue T. The Two-Component System CpxRA Affects Antibiotic Susceptibility and Biofilm Formation in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030383. [PMID: 36766272 PMCID: PMC9913434 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the common extraintestinal infectious disease pathogens in chickens, geese, and other birds. It can cause a variety of infections, and even the death of poultry, causing enormous economic losses. However, the misuse and abuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry have led to the development of drug resistance in the gut microbes, posing a challenge for the treatment of APEC infections. It has been reported that the CpxRA two-component system has an effect on bacterial drug resistance, but the specific regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of CpxRA on APEC biofilm formation and EmrKY efflux pump was investigated. The cpxRA knockout strain of E. coli APEC40 was constructed, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of CpxR on biofilms and efflux pump-coding genes were identified by biofilm formation assays, drug susceptibility test, real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results indicated that CpxR can directly bind to the promoter region of emrKY and negatively regulate the sensitivity of bacteria to ofloxacin and erythromycin. These results confirm the important regulatory role of the CpxRA two-component system under antibiotic stress in APEC.
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Xu PX, Ren HY, Li R, Jin XJ, Gao ZC, Qin T. Legionnaires' Disease in China Caused by Legionella pneumophila Corby. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36677496 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen causing pneumonia in humans. In February 2022, Legionnaires' disease caused by L. pneumophila strain Corby in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma was identified for the first time in China. This paper includes the case report and phenotypic and genomic analysis of the Corby (ICDC) strain. Its biological characteristics were evaluated by antibiotic sensitivity testing and cytology experiments, and genomic analysis was performed to understand its genetic evolution. The patient's clinical manifestations included cough, fever, pulmonary infiltration, and significantly decreased activity endurance. After empirical antimicrobial therapy, infection indicators decreased. The Corby (ICDC) strain was susceptible to nine antibiotics and exhibited strong intracellular proliferation ability. A phylogenetic tree showed that the Corby (ICDC) strain was closely related to the Corby strain, but under the pressure of a complex environment, its genome had undergone more rearrangement and inversion. The type IF CRISPR-Cas system was identified in its genome, and spacer analysis indicated that it had been invaded by several foreign plasmids, bacteria, and viruses during evolution. Legionnaires' disease caused by L. pneumophila strain Corby may be ignored in China, and it is urgent to improve long-term monitoring and investigation of aquatic environments and patients with respiratory infections to prevent a large-scale outbreak of Legionnaires' disease.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Verma PK, Bhat NK, Shrivastava Y, Yhoshu E, Bhatia M, Chacham S. Clinico-Microbiological Profile and Clinical Predictor of Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Single-Center Study From Himalayan Foothills. Cureus 2023; 15:e33289. [PMID: 36741629 PMCID: PMC9892952 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is one of the commonest bacterial infections seen in the pediatric population. Clinical presentation ranges from fever with or without focus and isolation of microbiological agents streamline the treatment. Moreover, local/regional microbial profiles are helpful in antibiotic selection, we conducted a study to assess the prevalence of urine culture positivity in a suspected case of UTI. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and ultrasonography (USG) finding in culture-positive patients were also studied. METHODS AND MATERIALS It is a prospective observational study comprising symptomatic children aged one month to 18 years presenting to the outpatient department (OPD), inpatient department (IPD), and the emergency department of Pediatrics with UTI during the period of September 2019 to September 2020. The recorded variables were demographic, clinical presentation, anthropometry, physical examination, blood biochemistry, and outcome. Urine samples were collected and processed as per standard protocols. USG was done for all culture-positive children. Data were presented as frequency, mean (SD) and parametric and non-parametric data were analyzed by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U Test, Chi-Squared Test, or Fisher's Exact Test. Results: Of the total 354 children, 202 (57.1%) were male and the prevalence of UTI was 64 (18.1%). E. coli (70.3%) was the commonest isolated organism followed by Klebsiella spp (15.6%) and Pseudomonas spp (7%) respectively. The mean (SD) age (months) of presentation of symptoms was significantly lower in culture-positive children as compared to [ 83.49 (58.96) vs 110.10 (58.60); p=0.001] culture-negative children. Fever (96.6%) followed by dysuria (20.1%) were the most common symptoms presented for UTI however dysuria (p=0.003), pus cells (p<0.0001), and RBCs (p=0.002) were significantly present in culture positive children. This study shows increased resistance to third generation of cephalosporins. This study revealed significant differences among various groups (organism growth in positive culture) and the Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: The prevalence of culture-positive UTI was similar to the reported literature and the presence of fever, dysuria, pus cells, and RBC in urine were commonly observed in the lower age group. Amikacin can be used in suspected UTIs with cephalosporin as empirical antibiotics in the Himalayan Foothills region.
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Bazan JA, Tzeng YL, Bischof KM, Satola SW, Stephens DS, Edwards JL, Carter A, Snyder B, Turner AN. Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile for the US Neisseria meningitidis Urethritis Clade. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofac661. [PMID: 36655188 PMCID: PMC9835751 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The US Neisseria meningitidis urethritis clade (US_NmUC) harbors gonococcal deoxyribonucleic acid alleles and causes gonorrhea-like urogenital tract disease. A large convenience sample of US_NmUC isolates (N = 122) collected between January 2015 and December 2019 in Columbus, Ohio demonstrated uniform susceptibility to antibiotics recommended for gonorrhea treatment and meningococcal chemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Bazan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Sexual Health Clinic, Columbus Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yih-Ling Tzeng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katarina M Bischof
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah W Satola
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David S Stephens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer L Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexandria Carter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brandon Snyder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Abigail Norris Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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