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Hinnu M, Putrinš M, Kogermann K, Kaldalu N, Tenson T. Fluorescent reporters give new insights into antibiotics-induced nonsense and frameshift mistranslation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6883. [PMID: 38519558 PMCID: PMC10959953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a reporter system based on simultaneous expression of two fluorescent proteins: GFP as a reporter of the capacity of protein synthesis and mutated mScarlet-I as a reporter of translational errors. Because of the unique stop codons or frameshift mutations introduced into the mScarlet-I gene, red fluorescence was produced only after a mistranslation event. These reporters allowed us to estimate mistranslation at a single cell level using either flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. We found that laboratory strains of Escherichia coli are more prone to mistranslation compared to the clinical isolates. As relevant for uropathogenic E. coli, growth in human urine elevated translational frameshifting compared to standard laboratory media, whereas different standard media had a small effect on translational fidelity. Antibiotic-induced mistranslation was studied by using amikacin (aminoglycoside family) and azithromycin (macrolide family). Bactericidal amikacin induced preferably stop-codon readthrough at a moderate level. Bacteriostatic azithromycin on the other hand induced both frameshifting and stop-codon readthrough at much higher level. Single cell analysis revealed that fluorescent reporter-protein signal can be lost due to leakage from a fraction of bacteria in the presence of antibiotics, demonstrating the complexity of the antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliis Hinnu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Marta Putrinš
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Niilo Kaldalu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Hinnu M, Putrinš M, Kogermann K, Bumann D, Tenson T. Making Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing More Physiologically Relevant with Bicarbonate? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0241221. [PMID: 35435706 PMCID: PMC9112938 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02412-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin is a clinically important drug for treating invasive salmonellosis despite poor activity in laboratory assays for MIC. Addition of the main buffer in blood, bicarbonate, has been proposed for more physiologically relevant and more predictive testing conditions. However, we show here that bicarbonate-triggered lowering of azithromycin MIC is entirely due to alkalization of insufficiently buffered media. In addition, bicarbonate is unlikely to be altering efflux pump activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliis Hinnu
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Tartu, Estonia
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Putrinš
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Dirk Bumann
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanel Tenson
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Tartu, Estonia
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Preem L, Bock F, Hinnu M, Putrinš M, Sagor K, Tenson T, Meos A, Østergaard J, Kogermann K. Monitoring of Antimicrobial Drug Chloramphenicol Release from Electrospun Nano- and Microfiber Mats Using UV Imaging and Bacterial Bioreporters. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E487. [PMID: 31546922 PMCID: PMC6781501 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies are continuously sought for the treatment of skin and wound infections due to increased problems with non-healing wounds. Electrospun nanofiber mats with antibacterial agents as drug delivery systems provide opportunities for the eradication of bacterial infections as well as wound healing. Antibacterial activities of such mats are directly linked with their drug release behavior. Traditional pharmacopoeial drug release testing settings are not always suitable for analyzing the release behavior of fiber mats intended for the local drug delivery. We tested and compared different drug release model systems for the previously characterized electrospun chloramphenicol (CAM)-loaded nanofiber (polycaprolactone (PCL)) and microfiber (PCL in combination with polyethylene oxide) mats with different drug release profiles. Drug release into buffer solution and hydrogel was investigated and drug concentration was determined using either high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, or ultraviolet (UV) imaging. The CAM release and its antibacterial effects in disc diffusion assay were assessed by bacterial bioreporters. All tested model systems enabled to study the drug release from electrospun mats. It was found that the release into buffer solution showed larger differences in the drug release rate between differently designed mats compared to the hydrogel release tests. The UV imaging method provided an insight into the interactions with an agarose hydrogel mimicking wound tissue, thus giving us information about early drug release from the mat. Bacterial bioreporters showed clear correlations between the drug release into gel and antibacterial activity of the electrospun CAM-loaded mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liis Preem
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Frederik Bock
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Mariliis Hinnu
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Marta Putrinš
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kadi Sagor
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Andres Meos
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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Murina V, Kasari M, Takada H, Hinnu M, Saha CK, Grimshaw JW, Seki T, Reith M, Putrinš M, Tenson T, Strahl H, Hauryliuk V, Atkinson GC. ABCF ATPases Involved in Protein Synthesis, Ribosome Assembly and Antibiotic Resistance: Structural and Functional Diversification across the Tree of Life. J Mol Biol 2018; 431:3568-3590. [PMID: 30597160 PMCID: PMC6723617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Within the larger ABC superfamily of ATPases, ABCF family members eEF3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and EttA in Escherichia coli have been found to function as ribosomal translation factors. Several other ABCFs including biochemically characterized VgaA, LsaA and MsrE confer resistance to antibiotics that target the peptidyl transferase center and exit tunnel of the ribosome. However, the diversity of ABCF subfamilies, the relationships among subfamilies and the evolution of antibiotic resistance (ARE) factors from other ABCFs have not been explored. To address this, we analyzed the presence of ABCFs and their domain architectures in 4505 genomes across the tree of life. We find 45 distinct subfamilies of ABCFs that are widespread across bacterial and eukaryotic phyla, suggesting that they were present in the last common ancestor of both. Surprisingly, currently known ARE ABCFs are not confined to a distinct lineage of the ABCF family tree, suggesting that ARE can readily evolve from other ABCF functions. Our data suggest that there are a number of previously unidentified ARE ABCFs in antibiotic producers and important human pathogens. We also find that ATPase-deficient mutants of all four E. coli ABCFs (EttA, YbiT, YheS and Uup) inhibit protein synthesis, indicative of their ribosomal function, and demonstrate a genetic interaction of ABCFs Uup and YheS with translational GTPase BipA involved in assembly of the 50S ribosome subunit. Finally, we show that the ribosome-binding resistance factor VmlR from Bacillus subtilis is localized to the cytoplasm, ruling out a role in antibiotic efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoriia Murina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marje Kasari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hiraku Takada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mariliis Hinnu
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chayan Kumar Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - James W Grimshaw
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 263-8522 Chiba, Japan
| | - Michael Reith
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marta Putrinš
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Henrik Strahl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Vasili Hauryliuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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