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Kawana T, Imoto H, Tanaka N, Tsuchiya T, Yamamura A, Saijo F, Maekawa M, Tamahara T, Shimizu R, Nakagawa K, Ohnuma S, Kamei T, Unno M. The Significance of Bile in the Biliopancreatic Limb on Metabolic Improvement After Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1665-1673. [PMID: 38512643 PMCID: PMC11031486 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) is an experimental procedure in metabolic surgery that does not have a restrictive component. Changes in bile acid (BA) dynamics and intestinal microbiota are possibly related to metabolic improvement after DJB. Our previous studies involving obese diabetic rats showed the crucial role of the biliopancreatic limb (BPL) in metabolic improvement after DJB caused by BA reabsorption. We established a new DJB procedure to prevent bile from flowing into the BPL and aimed to elucidate the importance of bile in the BPL after DJB. METHODS Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with diabetes were divided into three groups: two DJB groups and a sham group (n = 11). Duodenal-jejunal anastomosis was performed proximal to the papilla of Vater in the DJB group (n = 11). However, the DJB-D group (n = 11) underwent a new procedure with duodenal-jejunal anastomosis distal to the papilla of Vater for preventing bile flow into the BPL. RESULTS Glucose metabolism improved and weight gain was suppressed in the DJB group, but not in the DJB-D and sham groups. Serum BA level and conjugated BA concentration were elevated in the DJB group. The gut microbiota was altered only in the DJB group; the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased and that of Actinobacteria increased. However, the DJB-D group exhibited no apparent change in the gut microbiota, similar to the sham group. CONCLUSION BAs are essential in the BPL for metabolic improvement after DJB; they can improve the gut microbiota in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kawana
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Imoto
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Fumito Saijo
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Tohoku University, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Shimizu
- Tohoku University, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Bailey CJ, Flatt PR. Duodenal enteroendocrine cells and GIP as treatment targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2024; 174:171168. [PMID: 38320643 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The duodenum is an important source of endocrine and paracrine signals controlling digestion and nutrient disposition, notably including the main incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Bariatric procedures that prevent nutrients from contact with the duodenal mucosa are particularly effective interventions to reduce body weight and improve glycaemic control in obesity and type 2 diabetes. These procedures take advantage of increased nutrient delivery to more distal regions of the intestine which enhances secretion of the other incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Preclinical experiments have shown that either an increase or a decrease in the secretion or action of GIP can decrease body weight and blood glucose in obesity and non-insulin dependent hyperglycaemia, but clinical studies involving administration of GIP have been inconclusive. However, a synthetic dual agonist peptide (tirzepatide) that exerts agonism at receptors for GIP and GLP-1 has produced marked weight-lowering and glucose-lowering effects in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This appears to result from chronic biased agonism in which the novel conformation of the peptide triggers enhanced signalling by the GLP-1 receptor through reduced internalisation while reducing signalling by the GIP receptor directly or via functional antagonism through increased internalisation and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
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Kinstler SR, Cloft SE, Siegel PB, Honaker CF, Maurer JJ, Wong EA. Early intestinal development of chickens divergently selected for high or low 8-wk body weight and a commercial broiler. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103538. [PMID: 38387293 PMCID: PMC10900922 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The early posthatch period is crucial to intestinal development, shaping long-term growth, metabolism, and health of the chick. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of genetic selection on morphological characteristics and gene expression during early intestinal development. Populations of White Plymouth Rocks have been selected for high weight (HWS) and low weight (LWS) for over 63 generations, and some LWS display symptoms of anorexia. Intestinal structure and function of these populations were compared to a commercial broiler Cobb 500 (Cobb) during the perihatch period. Egg weights, yolk-free embryo BW, yolk weights, and jejunal samples from HWS, LWS, and Cobb were collected on embryonic day (e) 17, e19, day of hatch, day (d) 3, d5, and d7 posthatch for histology and gene expression analysis. The RNAscope in-situ hybridization method was used to localize expression of the stem cell marker, olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4). Villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD were measured from Olfm4 stained images using ImageJ. mRNA abundance for Olfm4, stem cell marker Lgr5, peptide transporter PepT1, goblet cell marker Muc2, marker of proliferation Ki67, and antimicrobial peptide LEAP2 were examined. Two-factor ANOVA was performed for measurements and Turkey's HSD was used for mean separation when appropriate. Cobb were heaviest and LWS the lightest (P < 0.01). at each timepoint. VH increased in Cobb and CD increased in HWS compared to LWS (P < 0.01). PepT1 mRNA was upregulated in LWS (P < 0.01), and Muc2 mRNA was decreased in both HWS and LWS compared to Cobb (P < 0.01). Selection for high or low 8-wk body weight has caused differences in intestinal gene expression and morphology when compared to a commercial broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara E Cloft
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Paul B Siegel
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - John J Maurer
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Eric A Wong
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Gałęcka I, Szyryńska N, Całka J. Influence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastic on selected active substances in the intramural neurons of the porcine duodenum. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38321545 PMCID: PMC10845528 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, society and industry generate huge amounts of plastics worldwide. The ubiquity of microplastics is obvious, but its impact on the animal and human organism remains not fully understood. The digestive tract is one of the first barriers between pathogens and xenobiotics and a living organism. Its proper functioning is extremely important in order to maintain homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of microplastic on enteric nervous system and histological structure of swine duodenum. The experiment was carried out on 15 sexually immature gilts, approximately 8 weeks old. The animals were randomly divided into 3 study groups (n = 5/group). The control group received empty gelatin capsules once a day for 28 days, the first research group received daily gelatin capsules with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles as a mixture of particles of various sizes (maximum particle size 300 µm) at a dose of 0.1 g/animal/day. The second study group received a dose ten times higher-1 g/animal/day. RESULTS A dose of 1 g/day/animal causes more changes in the enteric nervous system and in the histological structure of duodenum. Statistically significant differences in the expression of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, galanin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, substance P, vesicular acetylcholine transporter and vasoactive intestinal peptide between control and high dose group was noted. The histopathological changes were more frequently observed in the pigs receiving higher dose of PET. CONCLUSION Based on this study it may be assumed, that oral intake of microplastic might have potential negative influence on digestive tract, but it is dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismena Gałęcka
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
- Deparment of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Natalia Szyryńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jarosław Całka
- Deparment of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Thammayon N, Wongdee K, Teerapornpuntakit J, Panmanee J, Chanpaisaeng K, Charoensetakul N, Srimongkolpithak N, Suntornsaratoon P, Charoenphandhu N. Enhancement of intestinal calcium transport by short-chain fatty acids: roles of Na +/H + exchanger 3 and transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 6. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C317-C330. [PMID: 38073487 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00330.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Small organic molecules in the intestinal lumen, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and glucose, have long been postulated to enhance calcium absorption. Here, we used 45Ca radioactive tracer to determine calcium fluxes across the rat intestine after exposure to glucose and SCFAs. Confirming previous reports, glucose was found to increase the apical-to-basolateral calcium flux in the cecum. Under apical glucose-free conditions, SCFAs (e.g., butyrate) stimulated the cecal calcium fluxes by approximately twofold, while having no effect on proximal colon. Since SCFAs could be absorbed into the circulation, we further determined whether basolateral SCFA exposure rendered some positive actions. It was found that exposure of duodenum and cecum on the basolateral side to acetate or butyrate increased calcium fluxes. Under butyrate-rich conditions, cecal calcium transport was partially diminished by Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) inhibitor (tenapanor) and nonselective transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 6 (TRPV6) inhibitor (miconazole). To confirm the contribution of TRPV6 to SCFA-stimulated calcium transport, we synthesized another TRPV6 inhibitor that was demonstrated by in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics to occlude TRPV6 pore and diminish the glucose- and butyrate-induced calcium fluxes. Therefore, besides corroborating the importance of luminal molecules in calcium absorption, our findings provided foundation for development of more effective calcium-rich nutraceuticals in combination with various absorptive enhancers, e.g., glucose and SCFAs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Organic molecules in the intestinal lumen, e.g., glucose and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the latter of which are normally produced by microfloral fermentation, can stimulate calcium absorption dependent on transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 6 (TRPV6) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3). A selective TRPV6 inhibitor synthesized and demonstrated by in silico docking and molecular dynamics to specifically bind to the pore domain of TRPV6 was used to confirm a significant contribution of this channel. Our findings corroborate physiological significance of nutrients and SCFAs in enhancing calcium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithipak Thammayon
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Krittikan Chanpaisaeng
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Netnapa Charoensetakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nitipol Srimongkolpithak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Panan Suntornsaratoon
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zwick RK, Kasparek P, Palikuqi B, Viragova S, Weichselbaum L, McGinnis CS, McKinley KL, Rathnayake A, Vaka D, Nguyen V, Trentesaux C, Reyes E, Gupta AR, Gartner ZJ, Locksley RM, Gardner JM, Itzkovitz S, Boffelli D, Klein OD. Epithelial zonation along the mouse and human small intestine defines five discrete metabolic domains. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:250-262. [PMID: 38321203 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A key aspect of nutrient absorption is the exquisite division of labour across the length of the small intestine, with individual nutrients taken up at different proximal:distal positions. For millennia, the small intestine was thought to comprise three segments with indefinite borders: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. By examining the fine-scale longitudinal transcriptional patterns that span the mouse and human small intestine, we instead identified five domains of nutrient absorption that mount distinct responses to dietary changes, and three regional stem cell populations. Molecular domain identity can be detected with machine learning, which provides a systematic method to computationally identify intestinal domains in mice. We generated a predictive model of transcriptional control of domain identity and validated the roles of Ppar-δ and Cdx1 in patterning lipid metabolism-associated genes. These findings represent a foundational framework for the zonation of absorption across the mammalian small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Zwick
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brisa Palikuqi
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Viragova
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Weichselbaum
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S McGinnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L McKinley
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Asoka Rathnayake
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Coralie Trentesaux
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Efren Reyes
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub and Center for Cellular Construction 94158, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James M Gardner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Taraz T, Asri N, Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad E, Forouzesh F, Rezaei‐Tavirani M, Rostami‐Nejad M. Intestinal mRNA expression analysis of polarity-related genes identified the discriminatory ability of CRB3 as a diagnostic marker for celiac disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1186. [PMID: 38353316 PMCID: PMC10865414 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It is well established that the integrity of epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CD. These junctional complexes contribute to the apical-basal polarity of the intestinal epithelial cells, which is crucial for their proper functioning. METHODS Sixty CD subjects, and 50 controls were enrolled in the current study. Mucosal samples were obtained from the distal duodenum, total RNA was extracted and complementary DNA was synthesized. The relative expression levels of the desired genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction based on ΔΔCt method. The gene-gene interaction network was also constructed using GeneMANIA. RESULTS CRB3 (p = .0005), LKB1 (p < .0001), and SCRIB (p = .0005) had lower expression in CD patients compared to controls, while PRKCZ expression did not differ between groups (p > .05). CRB3 represented a significant diagnostic value for differentiating CD patients from the control group (p = .02). CONCLUSION The aim of the current study was to evaluate the changes in the mRNA expression levels of SCRIB, PRKCZ, LKB1, and CRB3 genes in the small intestinal biopsy samples of CD patients in comparison to the healthy control subjects. Our data uncover the importance of polarity-related genes (especially CRB3) in CD pahtomechanism, that may facilitate the planning of the future studies looking for finding innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Taraz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei‐Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Rostami‐Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Pierce JL, Lyons JW, Chevalier TB, Lindemann MD. Effects of a second iron-dextran injection administered to piglets during lactation on differential gene expression in liver and duodenum at weaning. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae005. [PMID: 38219027 PMCID: PMC10874211 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Six female littermate piglets were used in an experiment to evaluate the mRNA expression in tissues from piglets given one or two 1 mL injections of iron dextran (200 mg Fe/mL). All piglets in the litter were administered the first 1 mL injection < 24 h after birth. On day 7, piglets were paired by weight (mean body weight = 1.72 ± 0.13 kg) and one piglet from each pair was randomly selected as control (CON) and the other received a second injection (+Fe). At weaning on day 22, each piglet was anesthetized, and samples of liver and duodenum were taken from the anesthetized piglets and preserved until mRNA extraction. differential gene expression data were analyzed with a fold change cutoff (FC) of |1.2| P < 0.05. Pathway analysis was conducted with Z-score cutoff of P < 0.05. In the duodenum 435 genes were significantly changed with a FC ≥ |1.2| P < 0.05. In the duodenum, Claudin 1 and Claudin 2 were inversely affected by + Fe. Claudin 1 (CLDN1) plays a key role in cell-to-cell adhesion in the epithelial cell sheets and was upregulated (FC = 4.48, P = 0.0423). Claudin 2 (CLDN2) is expressed in cation leaky epithelia, especially during disease or inflammation and was downregulated (FC = -1.41, P = 0.0097). In the liver, 362 genes were expressed with a FC ≥ |1.2| P < 0.05. The gene most affected by a second dose of 200 mg Fe was hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (HAMP) with a FC of 40.8. HAMP is a liver-produced hormone that is the main circulating regulator of Fe absorption and distribution across tissues. It also controls the major flows of Fe into plasma by promoting endocytosis and degradation of ferroportin (SLC4A1). This leads to the retention of Fe in Fe-exporting cells and decreased flow of Fe into plasma. Gene expression related to metabolic pathway changes in the duodenum and liver provides evidence for the improved feed conversion and growth rates in piglets given two iron injections preweaning with contemporary pigs in a companion study. In the duodenum, there is a downregulation of gene clusters associated with gluconeogenesis (P < 0.05). Concurrently, there was a decrease in the mRNA expression of genes for enzymes required for urea production in the liver (P < 0.05). These observations suggest that there may be less need for gluconeogenesis, and possibly less urea production from deaminated amino acids. The genomic and pathway analyses provided empirical evidence linking gene expression with phenotypic observations of piglet health and growth improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Pierce
- James Pierce Consulting, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | | | - Tyler B Chevalier
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Merlin D Lindemann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Yamanoi K, Fujii C, Nakayama A, Matsuura N, Takatori Y, Kato M, Yahagi N, Nakayama J. Decreased expression of TFF2 and decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation are malignant biomarkers of pyloric gland adenoma of the duodenum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21641. [PMID: 38062108 PMCID: PMC10703765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyloric gland adenoma (PGA) is a duodenal neoplasm expressing MUC6 and is often associated with high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. MUC6 secreted from the pyloric gland cells carries unique O-glycans exhibiting terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (αGlcNAc). The small peptide trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is also secreted from pyloric gland cells and binds to αGlcNAc. We recently demonstrated that αGlcNAc serves as a tumor suppressor for gastric neoplasm including PGA, but the significance of TFF2 expression remains unknown. We examined 20 lesions representing low- and high-grade PGA in 22 cases by immunohistochemistry for αGlcNAc, TFF2, MUC6, MUC5AC, MUC2 and p53. αGlcNAc, TFF2 and MUC6 were co-expressed on the cell surface and a dot-like pattern in the cytosol in low-grade PGA lesions. High-grade PGA also expressed MUC6, but reduced αGlcNAc and TFF2 expression. The ratios of αGlcNAc or TFF2 to MUC6 score in high-grade PGA were significantly lower than low-grade PGA (P < 0.001). Co-expression of αGlcNAc-glycosylated MUC6 and TFF2 in PGA suggests the existence of αGlcNAc/TFF2 form complex in PGA cells, a finding consistent with our observations in non-neoplastic Brunner's gland cells. The decreased αGlcNAc and TFF2 expression are associated with high grade atypical cells, indicative of the malignant potential of PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsuura
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takatori
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yahagi
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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10
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Mehanna S, Arakawa S, Imasaka M, Chen W, Nakanishi Y, Nishiura H, Shimizu S, Ohmuraya M. Beclin1 is essential for the pancreas development. Dev Biol 2023; 504:113-119. [PMID: 37739117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Beclin1 (Becn1) is a multifunctional protein involved in autophagy regulation, membrane trafficking, and tumor suppression. In this study, we examined the roles of Becn1 in the pancreas development by generating mice with conditional deletion of Becn1 in the pancreas using pancreatic transcriptional factor 1a (Ptf1a)-Cre mice (Becn1f/f; Ptf1aCre/+). Surprisingly, loss of Becn1 in the pancreas resulted in severe pancreatic developmental defects, leading to insufficient exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function. Approximately half of Becn1f/f; Ptf1aCre/+ mice died immediately after birth. However, duodenum and neural tissue development were almost normal, indicating that pancreatic insufficiency was the cause of death. These findings demonstrated a novel role for Becn1 in pancreas morphogenesis, differentiation, and growth, and suggested that loss of this factor leaded to pancreatic agenesis at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Mehanna
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mai Imasaka
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakanishi
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Division of Functional Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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11
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Lee S, Chung MJ, Ahn M, Park HJ, Wang EK, Guon T, Kee HJ, Ku CR, Na K. Surfactant-like photosensitizer for endoscopic duodenal ablation: Modulating meal-stimulated incretin hormones in obese and type 2 diabetes. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122336. [PMID: 37778055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Duodenal ablation improves glycaemic control and weight loss, so it has been applied using hydrothermal catheters in obese and type 2 diabetes patients, indicating similar mechanisms and therapeutic effects as bariatric surgeries. Endoscopic photodynamic therapy is an innovative procedure that easily accessible to endocrine or gastrointestinal organs, so it is critical for the sprayed photosensitizer (PS) to long-term interact with target tissues for enhancing its effects. Surfactant-like PS was more stable in a wide range of pH and 2.8-fold more retained in the duodenum at 1 h than hydrophilic PS due to its amphiphilic property. Endoscopic duodenal ablation using surfactant-like PS was performed in high fat diet induced rat models, demonstrating body weight loss, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and modulation of incretin hormones. Locoregional ablation of duodenum could affect the profiles of overall intestinal cells secreting meal-stimulated hormones and further the systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, regarding gut-brain axis. Our strategy suggests a potential for a treatment of minimally invasive bariatric and metabolic therapy if accompanied by detailed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Jae Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Ahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Wang
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeeun Guon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wang J, Gu S, Qin B. Eosinophil and mast cell-derived exosomes promote integrity of intestinal mucosa via the NEAT1/miR-211-5p/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor axis in duodenum. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:2595-2607. [PMID: 37466184 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are applied as biomarkers in several diseases according to their disease-specific profiles. However, the exosomes effects in functional dyspepsia (FD) are still fragmentary. Here we examined the role of Eosinophil and mast cell derived-exosomes in FD progression. METHODS Fifty FD subjects and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this retrospective cohort study. Duodenal mucosa and gastric juice were collected to analyze molecular difference. Eosinophil and mast cell were evaluated by immunofluorescence and microarray was subjected to examine the expression levels of NEAT1, miR-211-5p, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which were subsequently were tested by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) validation cohorts. CCK-8 assays, and wound healing assays were used to evaluate integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier in vitro. Rats' weights and gastric emptying rates were used as evaluation of FD severity in vivo. RESULTS Eosinophil and mast cell were enriched and secreted more exosomes in duodenal mucosa of FD patients. We identified differential lncRNAs that were consistently and significantly up regulated in FD cases. Of these, NEAT1 was further validated by RT-qPCR and had closely relationship with GDNF. MiR-211-5p level was found to be reduced in FD and negatively related with NEAT1 and GDNF. Furthermore, NEAT1and GDNF relived FD while miR-211-5p made symptoms worse. The NEAT1/miR-211-5p/GDNF axis had a good predictive ability for FD. CONCLUSIONS The NEAT1/miR-211-5p/GDNF could be a potential FD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sai Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Goelen J, Farrell G, McGeehan J, Titman CM, J W Rattray N, Johnson TN, Horniblow RD, Batchelor HK. Quantification of drug metabolising enzymes and transporter proteins in the paediatric duodenum via LC-MS/MS proteomics using a QconCAT technique. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:68-77. [PMID: 37625656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Characterising the small intestine absorptive membrane is essential to enable prediction of the systemic exposure of oral formulations. In particular, the ontogeny of key intestinal Drug Metabolising Enzymes and Transporter (DMET) proteins involved in drug disposition needs to be elucidated to allow for accurate prediction of the PK profile of drugs in the paediatric cohort. Using pinch biopsies from the paediatric duodenum (n = 36; aged 11 months to 15 years), the abundance of 21 DMET proteins and two enterocyte markers were quantified via LC-MS/MS. An established LCMS nanoflow method was translated to enable analysis on a microflow LC system, and a new stable-isotope-labelled QconCAT standard developed to enable quantification of these proteins. Villin-1 was used to standardise abundancy values. The observed abundancies and ontogeny profiles, agreed with adult LC-MS/MS-based data, and historic paediatric data obtained via western blotting. A linear trend with age was observed for duodenal CYP3A4 and CES2 only. As this work quantified peptides on a pinch biopsy coupled with a microflow method, future studies using a wider population range are very feasible. Furthermore, this DMET ontogeny data can be used to inform paediatric PBPK modelling and to enhance the understanding of oral drug absorption and gut bioavailability in paediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Goelen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gillian Farrell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | | | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Richard D Horniblow
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah K Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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14
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Chang R, Wang F, Huang J, Jin Z, Tian Y. Recrystallized Resistant Starch: Structural Changes in the Stomach, Duodenum, and Ileum and the Impact on Blood Glucose and Intestinal Microbiome in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:12080-12093. [PMID: 37507341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The structure and properties of resistant starch (RS) and its digestive products were assessed in mice. Digestion of recrystallized (group RS3, including RS3a and RS3b) and control RS (RS2, RS4, and RS5) in the stomach, duodenum, and ileum of mice was systematically analyzed along with in vivo digestive degradation of RS3. RS3a and RS3b significantly reduced the release of blood glucose. During in vivo digestion, the proportion of ultrashort and A chains in the RS3a and RS3b digestive residues gradually increased, whereas the proportion of B1 and B2 chains gradually reduced. B3+ chain proportions did not change. The final digestive residues in the ileum (RS3a-I90 and RS3b-I90) maintained a high proportion of suitable chain length, accounting for more than 60%. The crystalline structure of RS3a-I90 was weakened, indicating the hydrolysis of partial crystal structure. In comparison, RS3b-I90 maintained an orderly crystalline structure, indicating its higher resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. In vivo experiments showed that RS could maintain the normal growth of mice and effectively control weight gain. RS3a significantly increased the concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, while reducing the abundance of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, further confirming the benefits of RS3 in gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiating Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yaoqi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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15
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Sukhbaatar N, Schöller M, Fritsch SD, Linke M, Horer S, Träger M, Mazić M, Forisch S, Gonzales K, Kahler JP, Binder C, Lassnig C, Strobl B, Müller M, Scheiber-Mojdehkar B, Gundacker C, Dabsch S, Kain R, Hengstschläger M, Verhelst SHL, Weiss G, Theurl I, Weichhart T. Duodenal macrophages control dietary iron absorption via local degradation of transferrin. Blood 2023; 141:2878-2890. [PMID: 37018657 PMCID: PMC10646810 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential cellular metal that is important for many physiological functions including erythropoiesis and host defense. It is absorbed from the diet in the duodenum and loaded onto transferrin (Tf), the main iron transport protein. Inefficient dietary iron uptake promotes many diseases, but mechanisms regulating iron absorption remain poorly understood. By assessing mice that harbor a macrophage-specific deletion of the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (Tsc2), a negative regulator of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), we found that these mice possessed various defects in iron metabolism, including defective steady-state erythropoiesis and a reduced saturation of Tf with iron. This iron deficiency phenotype was associated with an iron import block from the duodenal epithelial cells into the circulation. Activation of mTORC1 in villous duodenal CD68+ macrophages induced serine protease expression and promoted local degradation of Tf, whereas the depletion of macrophages in mice increased Tf levels. Inhibition of mTORC1 with everolimus or serine protease activity with nafamostat restored Tf levels and Tf saturation in the Tsc2-deficient mice. Physiologically, Tf levels were regulated in the duodenum during the prandial process and Citrobacter rodentium infection. These data suggest that duodenal macrophages determine iron transfer to the circulation by controlling Tf availability in the lamina propria villi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyamdelger Sukhbaatar
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Schöller
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Monika Linke
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Horer
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Träger
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Mazić
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Forisch
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karine Gonzales
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pascal Kahler
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carina Binder
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Biomodels Austria and Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Biomodels Austria and Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Biomodels Austria and Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Gundacker
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dabsch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven H. L. Verhelst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Bompadre TFV, Martinez MIV, Fernandes EAN, Sakita GZ, Abdalla AL, Hanigan MD, Louvandini H. Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection damages intestine brush board cells and could negatively impact postabsorptive parameters of Santa Ines lambs. Exp Parasitol 2023; 246:108464. [PMID: 36682720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate histological, digestive and postabsorptive physiological parameters in Santa Ines lambs infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and fed different levels of phosphorus. Therefore, eighteen Santa Ines, castrated male, six-month old, healthy lambs (initial body weight 22.4 ± 2.7 kg) were distributed in one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 split-plot arrangement: Sufficient dietary P level and uninfected (SPui; n = 4), Sufficient dietary P level and infected (SPi; n = 5), Deficient dietary P level and uninfected (DPui; n = 4), Deficient dietary P level and infected (DPi; n = 5). Infected lambs received, orally, a single pulse dose of 40.000 T. colubriformis infective larval stage (L3). Animals were fed Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon ssp.; 60%), and cassava meal and maize gluten meal (40%). Measurement of nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism were performed in individual metabolic stalls. To achieve the trial results, it was measured methane emissions in respiratory chambers, urine purine derivatives, ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), histological cuts of duodenal mucosal tissues and passage rates fluxes, analyzed by external (Yb, Cr, and Co) and internal (iNDF) markers. Statistical procedures were performed in R studio. The fixed main effects of treatment and the interactions were tested by ANOVA, and means compared by Duncan's test at 5% significance. Apparent digestibility was not affected by treatments, however, nitrogen retained decreased (P < 0.01) and urinary nitrogen losses increased (P < 0.01) in infected animals. Small intestine digesta content, empty segment weight, and length were higher in infected animals (P < 0.05). Passage rate was not majorly affected by infection or dietary P levels. Methane emissions, SCFA concentrations, and purine derivative excretion were also not affected by treatments. Regarding the histology, the vilosity weight (P < 0.05), and crypt depth (P < 0.01) decreased in infected animals. In conclusion, T. colubriformis infection can damage intestinal mucosa and affect nitrogen metabolism, but did not affect the digesta transit, and nutrient digestibility. The P dietary levels did not promote any modification in GIT physiological parameters tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F V Bompadre
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria I V Martinez
- Radioisotope Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13418-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabete A N Fernandes
- Radioisotope Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13418-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Z Sakita
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, 2470 Litton-Reaves Hall (0315), 175 West Campus Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Fiorentino TV, De Vito F, Suraci E, Marasco R, Hribal ML, Luzza F, Sesti G. Obesity and overweight are linked to increased sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 and glucose transporter 5 levels in duodenum. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:724-731. [PMID: 36746764 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior evidence indicates that individuals with obesity have an accelerated intestinal glucose absorption. This cross-sectional study evaluated whether those with overweight or obesity display higher duodenal protein levels of the glucose carriers sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and glucose transporter 5 (GLUT-5). METHODS SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-5 protein levels were assessed on duodenal mucosa biopsies of 52 individuals without diabetes categorized on the basis of their BMI as lean, with overweight, or with obesity. RESULTS Individuals with overweight and obesity exhibited progressively increased duodenal protein levels of SGLT-1 and GLUT-5 as compared with the lean group. Conversely, no differences in duodenal GLUT-2 abundance were found among the three groups. Univariate analysis showed that SGLT-1 and GLUT-5 protein levels were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, 1-hour post-load glucose, fasting and post-load insulin, and insulin secretion and resistance levels. Furthermore, a positive relationship was detected between intestinal GLUT-5 levels and serum uric acid concentrations, a product of fructose metabolism known to be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with overweight and obesity display enhanced duodenal SGLT-1 and GLUT-5 abundance, which correlates with increased postprandial glucose concentrations, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca De Vito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Evelina Suraci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marasco
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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18
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Volkart S, Kym U, Braissant O, Delgado-Eckert E, Al-Samir S, Angresius R, Huo Z, Holland-Cunz S, Gros SJ. AQP1 in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice: Expression Pattern and Impact of AQP1 Knockout on Colonic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043616. [PMID: 36835026 PMCID: PMC9959819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is one of thirteen known mammalian aquaporins. Its main function is the transport of water across cell membranes. Lately, a role of AQP has been attributed to other physiological and pathological functions including cell migration and peripheral pain perception. AQP1 has been found in several parts of the enteric nervous system, e.g., in the rat ileum and in the ovine duodenum. Its function in the intestine appears to be multifaceted and is still not completely understood. The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution and localization of AQP1 in the entire intestinal tract of mice. AQP1 expression was correlated with the hypoxic expression profile of the various intestinal segments, intestinal wall thickness and edema, as well as other aspects of colon function including the ability of mice to concentrate stools and their microbiome composition. AQP1 was found in a specific pattern in the serosa, the mucosa, and the enteric nervous system throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The highest amount of AQP1 in the gastrointestinal tract was found in the small intestine. AQP1 expression correlated with the expression profiles of hypoxia-dependent proteins such as HIF-1α and PGK1. Loss of AQP1 through knockout of AQP1 in these mice led to a reduced amount of bacteroidetes and firmicutes but an increased amount of the rest of the phyla, especially deferribacteres, proteobacteria, and verrucomicrobia. Although AQP-KO mice retained gastrointestinal function, distinct changes regarding the anatomy of the intestinal wall including intestinal wall thickness and edema were observed. Loss of AQP1 might interfere with the ability of the mice to concentrate their stool and it is associated with a significantly different composition of the of the bacterial stool microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Volkart
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Kym
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Microcalorimetry Unit, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Delgado-Eckert
- Computational Physiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of Basel and University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samer Al-Samir
- Vegetative Physiologie 4220, Zentrum Physiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Angresius
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zihe Huo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie J. Gros
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Yu X, Zhang Q, Ding H, Wang P, Feng J. Plasma Non-transferrin-Bound Iron Could Enter into Mice Duodenum and Negatively Affect Duodenal Defense Response to Virus and Immune Responses. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:786-799. [PMID: 35294743 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasma non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) exists when the plasma iron content exceeds the carrying capacity of transferrin and can be quickly cleared by the liver, pancreas, and other organs. However, whether it could enter the small intestine and its effects still remain unclear. Herein, these issues were explored. Mice were intravenously administrated of ferric citrate (treatment) or citrate acid (control) 10 min after the saturation of the transferrin. Two hours later, hepatic, duodenal, and jejunal iron content and distribution were measured and duodenal transcriptome sequencing was performed. Significant increase of duodenal and hepatic iron content was detected, indicating that plasma NTBI could be absorbed by the duodenum as well as the liver. A total of 103 differentially expressed genes were identified in the duodenum of mice in the treatment group compared to the control group. Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis of these genes showed that they were mainly involved in defense response to virus and immune response. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis revealed that there were major changes in the hematopoietic cell lineage and some virus infection pathways between the two groups. Determination of 7 cytokines in the duodenum were further conducted, which demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory factors interferon (IL)-4 and IL-10 in the duodenum were significantly decreased after NTBI uptake. Our findings revealed that NTBI in plasma can enter the duodenum, which would change the duodenal hematopoietic cell lineage and have a negative impact on defense response to the virus and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Jiang Q, Sherlock DN, Zhang H, Guyader J, Pan YX, Loor JJ. One-carbon metabolism and related pathways in ruminal and small intestinal epithelium of lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad062. [PMID: 36852676 PMCID: PMC10103064 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological and environmental stresses such as the transition into lactation and heat load contribute to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dysfunction. The nonruminant gastrointestinal tract has mechanisms to cope with pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory stressors arising from the gut lumen or within intestinal cells. One-carbon metabolism (OCM) contributes to anti-oxidant capacity via the production of glutathione (GSH) and taurine, and the synthesis of phospholipid, creatine, and the osmolyte glycinebetaine among others. A multipronged approach was used to assess the biological relevance of OCM and closely-related pathways on GIT function in dairy cows. Ruminal papillae (Rum) and scrapings from duodenum (Duo), jejunum (Jej), and ileum (Ile) were collected at slaughter from eight multiparous Holstein cows averaging 128 ± 12 d in milk and producing 39 ± 5 kg/d. A MIXED model ANOVA with preplanned orthogonal contrasts was used for statistical analysis. Methionine adenosyl transferase 1 activity (MAT) was ~10-fold greater (P < 0.01) and cystathionine β-synthase activity doubled in Rum vs. small intestine. Total glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was greatest (P = 0.03) in Ile, but similar to Rum. Activity and mRNA abundance of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase were undetectable. There was a 2.5-fold greater protein abundance of GPX1 (P < 0.01) and a ~2-fold greater abundance of GPX3 (P < 0.01) in Rum vs. small intestine. Among the various amino acids (AA) with roles in OCM or closely-related pathways (e.g. creatine synthesis), concentrations of arginine, aspartate, glutamine, methionine, and serine were lower (P < 0.01) in Rum vs. small intestine. Unlike AA, concentrations of OCM-related intermediates S-5'-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH), glycinebetaine, carnitine, creatine (CRE), and cysteinesulfinic acid were greater (P < 0.01) while taurine was lower in Rum vs. small intestine. Intermediates of the folate cycle were undetectable. The fact that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was undetectable while MAT activity and SAH were greater in Rum suggested that availability of SAM (a methyl donor) is a key determinant of flux through the folate and methionine cycles in the GIT. Except for adenosine, concentrations of glutamate, glycine, α-ketoglutarate, hypotaurine, and GSH were lowest in Ile. Together, the data underscored unique differences in activity of one-carbon metabolism and related pathways across sections of the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, IL, USA
| | - Danielle N Sherlock
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, IL, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | | | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, IL, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, IL, USA
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Wiarda JE, Becker SR, Sivasankaran SK, Loving CL. Regional epithelial cell diversity in the small intestine of pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac318. [PMID: 36183288 PMCID: PMC9831138 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding regional distribution and specialization of small intestinal epithelial cells is crucial for developing methods to control appetite, stress, and nutrient uptake in swine. To establish a better understanding of specific epithelial cells found across different regions of the small intestine in pigs, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to recover and analyze epithelial cells from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Cells identified included crypt cells, enterocytes, BEST4 enterocytes, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine (EE) cells. EE cells were divided into two subsets based on the level of expression of the EE lineage commitment gene, NEUROD1. NEUROD1hi EE cells had minimal expression of hormone-encoding genes and were dissimilar to EE cells in humans and mice, indicating a subset of EE cells unique to pigs. Recently discovered BEST4 enterocytes were detected in both crypts and villi throughout the small intestine via in situ staining, unlike in humans, where BEST4 enterocytes are found only in small intestinal villi. Proximal-to-distal gradients of expression were noted for hormone-encoding genes in EE cells and nutrient transport genes in enterocytes via scRNA-seq, demonstrating regional specialization. Regional gene expression in EE cells and enterocytes was validated via quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of RNA isolated from epithelial cells of different small intestinal locations. Though many genes had similar patterns of regional expression when assessed by qPCR of total epithelial cells, some regional expression was only detected via scRNA-seq, highlighting advantages of scRNA-seq to deconvolute cell type-specific regional gene expression when compared to analysis of bulk samples. Overall, results provide new information on regional localization and transcriptional profiles of epithelial cells in the pig small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne E Wiarda
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
- Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sage R Becker
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
- Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sathesh K Sivasankaran
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
- Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Crystal L Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
- Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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22
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Min SH, Kwon J, Do EJ, Kim SH, Kim ES, Jeong JY, Bae SM, Kim SY, Park DH. Duodenal Dual-Wavelength Photobiomodulation Improves Hyperglycemia and Hepatic Parameters with Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Type 2 Diabetes Animal Model. Cells 2022; 11:3490. [PMID: 36359885 PMCID: PMC9654760 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the duodenum has garnered interest for its role in treating metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Multiple sessions of external photobiomodulation (PBM) in previous animal studies suggested it resulted in improved hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance with a multifactorial mechanism of action, despite the target organ of PBM not being clearly proven. This study aimed to determine whether a single session of a duodenal light-emitting diode (LED) PBM may impact the T2DM treatment in an animal model. METHODS Goto-Kakizaki rats as T2DM models were subjected to PBM through duodenal lumen irradiation, sham procedure, or control in 1-week pilot (630 nm, 850 nm, or 630/850 nm) and 4-week follow-up (630 nm or 630/850 nm) studies. Oral glucose tolerance tests; serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and insulin levels; liver chemistry and histology; and gut microbiome in the PBM, sham control, and control groups were evaluated. RESULTS In the 1-week study, duodenal dual-wavelength (D, 630/850 nm) LED PBM showed improved glucose intolerance, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels, and weight gain than other groups. The D-LED PBM group in the 4-week study also showed improved hyperglycemia and liver enzyme levels, with relatively preserved pancreatic islets and increased serum insulin and GLP-1 levels. Five genera (Bacteroides, Escherichia, Parabacteroides, Allobaculum, and Faecalibaculum) were significantly enriched 1 week after the D-LED PBM. Bacteroides acidifaciens significantly increased, while Lachnospiraceae significantly decreased after 1 week. CONCLUSION A single session of D-LED PBM improved hyperglycemia and hepatic parameters through the change of serum insulin, insulin resistance, insulin expression in the pancreatic β-cells, and gut microbiome in T2DM animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jinhee Kwon
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Do
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun Sil Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Mun Bae
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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23
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Arita A, Kita I, Shinoda S. Internalization and Decrease of Duodenal DMT1 Involved in Transient Suppression of Iron Uptake in Short-Acting Mucosal Block. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4795-4806. [PMID: 34997531 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal block (MB) is induced by the oral administration of excess iron (10 mg) and suppresses intestinal iron absorption for 3-72 h. The inhibition of iron absorption is accompanied by the downregulation of molecules associated with intestinal iron absorption. Recently, we found that a smaller amount of iron (1 mg) also induced a transient suppression of iron uptake without affecting gene expression levels (short-acting mucosal block, SAMB), which is specific to iron-deficient rats. In this study, we investigated how the nonheme iron transporters divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN) are involved in the transient suppression of iron uptake in SAMB. To induce SAMB, a test solution containing 1 mg iron was infused into the duodenum loop in iron-sufficient and iron-deficient rats. Total duodenal DMT1 and DMT1-IRE expression were increased during iron deficiency. After 15 min of 1 mg iron loading, the fluorescence intensity of duodenal DMT1 in iron-deficient rats was decreased and was comparable to that in iron-sufficient rats. Internalized DMT1-IRE as puncta was observed at 15 and 60 min after 1 mg iron loading, and the number of punctas was significantly increased after 60 min compared with control. There was no effect of 1 mg iron loading on the intracellular distribution of duodenal FPN. Our results suggest that the decrease and internalization of DMT1-IRE protein may be related, at least in part, to iron uptake suppression in SAMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Shinoda
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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He Y, Li Z, Xu T, Luo D, Chi Q, Zhang Y, Li S. Polystyrene nanoplastics deteriorate LPS-modulated duodenal permeability and inflammation in mice via ROS drived-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135662. [PMID: 35830933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of nanoplastics (NPs), has markedly affected the ecosystem and has become a global threat to animals and human health. There is growing evidence showing that polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) exposure induced enteritis and the intestinal barrier disorder. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can trigger the inflammation burden of various tissues. Whether PSNPs deteriorate LPS-induced intestinal damage via ROS drived-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway is remains unknown. In this study, PSNPs exposure/PSNPs and LPS co-exposure mice model were duplicated by intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that exposure to PSNPs/LPS caused duodenal inflammation and increased permeability. We evaluated the change of duodenum structure, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory factors, and tight junction protein in the duodenum. We found that PSNPs/LPS could aggravate the production of ROS and oxidative stress in cells, activate NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, decrease the expression tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin 1, and Occludin) levels, promote inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) expressions. Duodenal oxidative stress and inflammation in PS + LPS group were more serious than those in single exposure group, which could be alleviated by NF-kB inhibitor QNZ. Collectively, the results verified that PSNPs deteriorated LPS-induced inflammation and increasing permeability in mice duodenum via ROS drived-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. The current study indicated the relationship and molecular mechanism between PSNPs and intestinal injury, providing novel insights into the adverse effects of PSNPs exposure on mammals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Dongliu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qianru Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Agawa S, Futagami S, Yamawaki H, Tsushima R, Higuchi K, Habiro M, Kawawa R, Kodaka Y, Ueki N, Watanabe Y, Gudis K, Ohashi R, Iwakiri K. Trypsin may be associated with duodenal eosinophils through the expression of PAR2 in early chronic pancreatitis and functional dyspepsia with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275341. [PMID: 36264979 PMCID: PMC9584419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early chronic pancreatitis (ECP) has been reported to advance into chronic pancreatitis, it may be critical to differentiate the pathophysiology of ECP and functional dyspepsia (FD) in patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD-P). This study aimed to clarify differences in the pathophysiology of ECP and FD-P and to determine whether duodenal inflammatory responses in the two diseases were associated with protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2, as the trypsin receptor. METHODS Eighty patients who presented with FD-P and ECP were enrolled. In duodenal specimens, PAR2 mRNA levels were determined using real-time PCR. Using immunostaining, CD68-, GLP-1-, PRG2-, and CCR2-positive cells, tight junction proteins, and PAR 2 were evaluated. RESULTS There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms and gastric motility between ECP and FD-P patients. The CD68-positive cells infiltrations and occludin expression levels in the duodenal mucosa of patients with FD-P were significantly (p<0.001 and p = 0.048, respectively) lower than those in patients with ECP. Although serum trypsin levels in ECP and FD-P patents were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) associated with duodenal eosinophils counts, elevated trypsin levels were not significantly associated with degranulated eosinophils, occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression levels in the duodenum of either group. PAR2 mRNA levels were increased in the duodenum of patients with ECP and FD-P. PAR2 was localized in the epithelial cells of the duodenal mucosa and the surface of degranulated eosinophils in ECP and FD-P patients. CONCLUSIONS Elevated trypsin levels might be partly associated with duodenal inflammatory responses through PAR2-related degranulated eosinophils and the reduction of occludin in patients with ECP and FD-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Agawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Futagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Yamawaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Tsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mayu Habiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Kawawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobue Ueki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Rinko General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Katya Gudis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rhuji Ohashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Nylander O, Sjöblom M, Sedin J, Dahlgren D. Effects of α2-adrenoceptor stimulation on luminal alkalinisation and net fluid flux in rat duodenum. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273208. [PMID: 36006975 PMCID: PMC9409570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is highly involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal functions such as luminal alkalinisation and fluid absorption. However, the exact mechanisms are not clear. This study aimed to delineate how α2-adrenergic receptor stimulation reduces duodenal luminal alkalinisation and induces net fluid absorption. This was tested by perfusing the duodenum of anesthetized rats with isotonic solutions devoid of Cl- and/or Na+, in the absence and presence of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine. The clonidine was also studied in rats treated with dimethylamiloride (a Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor), vasoactive intestinal peptide, and the nicotinic receptor antagonist hexamethonium. Clonidine reduced luminal alkalinisation and induced net fluid absorption. The Cl--free solution decreased luminal alkalinisation and abolished net fluid absorption, but did not prevent clonidine from doing so. Both the Na+-free solution and luminal dimethylamiloride increased luminal alkalinisation and abolished net fluid absorption, effects counteracted by clonidine. The NaCl-free solution (D-mannitol) did not affect luminal alkalinisation, but reduced net fluid absorption. Clonidine reduced luminal alkalinisation and induced net fluid absorption in rats perfused luminally with mannitol. However, clonidine did not affect the vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced increase in luminal alkalinisation or fluid secretion. Pre-treatment with hexamethonium abolished the effects of clonidine on luminal alkalinisation and net fluid flux. In summary, our in vivo experiments showed that clonidine-induced reduction in luminal alkalinisation and induction of net fluid absorption was unrelated to luminal Na+ and Cl-, or to apical Na+/H+ or Cl-/HCO3- exchangers. Instead, clonidine seems to exert its effects via suppression of nicotinic receptor-activated acetylcholine secretomotor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Nylander
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Sedin
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Dahlgren
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Han HF, Liu SZ, Zhang X, Wei M, Huang X, Yu WB. Duodenal-jejunal bypass increases intraduodenal bile acids and upregulates duodenal SIRT1 expression in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4338-4350. [PMID: 36159018 PMCID: PMC9453763 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i31.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying diabetes remission after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) remain elusive. In DJB surgery, the duodenum is excluded. However, the duodenum has emerged as an important regulator of glucose homeostasis, and elevated duodenal SIRT1 leads to improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. After DJB, bile acids (BAs) in the duodenum are not mixed and diluted by the ingested food. And activation of BA receptors promotes SIRT1 expression in many tissues. We hypothesized that BA-mediated upregulation of SIRT1 may contribute to diabetic control after DJB.
AIM To investigate the surgical effects of DJB on duodenal SIRT1 expression and uncover the potential crosslinks between BAs and SIRT1.
METHODS Twenty diabetic rats were randomly allocated to the sham (n = 10) and DJB (n = 10) groups. Body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum and intraduodenal total BA (TBA) levels were measured accordingly. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test (ipPTT) were performed to evaluate the effects of surgeries on systemic glucose disposal and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The key genes of BA signaling pathway in the duodenal mucosa, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), small heterodimer partner (SHP), and Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 8 wk postoperatively. The duodenal SIRT1, AMPK, and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) levels were evaluated by western blotting. Rat small intestine epithelial IEC-6 cells were treated with GW4064 and INT-777 to verify the effects of BAs on SIRT1 expression in enterocytes.
RESULTS The DJB group exhibited body weight and food intake comparable to those of the sham group at all postoperative time points. The FBG level and area under the curve for the OGTT and ipPTT were significantly lower in the DJB group. The DJB group exhibited higher fasting and postprandial serum TBA levels than the sham group at both 2 and 8 wk postoperatively. At 8 wk after surgery, the DJB group showed higher intraluminal TBA concentration, upregulated mRNA expression of FXR and SHP, and elevated protein expression of SIRT1 and p-AMPK in the descending and horizontal segments of the duodenum. Activation of FXR and TGR5 receptors by GW4064 and INT-777 increased the mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1 and promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK in IEC-6 cells.
CONCLUSION DJB elevates intraduodenal BA levels and activates the duodenal BA signaling pathway, which may upregulate duodenal SIRT1 and further contribute to improved glucose homeostasis after DJB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Han
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shao-Zhuang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Cheng ZQ, Liu TM, Ren PF, Chen C, Wang YL, Dai Y, Zhang X. Duodenal-jejunal bypass reduces serum ceramides via inhibiting intestinal bile acid-farnesoid X receptor pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4328-4337. [PMID: 36159007 PMCID: PMC9453759 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i31.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids play an important role in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes following duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB). Serum bile acids are elevated postoperatively. However, the clinical relevance is not known. Bile acids in the peripheral circulation reflect the amount of bile acids in the gut. Therefore, a further investigation of luminal bile acids following DJB is of great significance.
AIM To investigate changes of luminal bile acids following DJB.
METHODS Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), DJB, and DJB with oral chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) supplementation were performed in a high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Body weight, energy intake, oral glucose tolerance test, luminal bile acids, serum ceramides and intestinal ceramide synthesis were analyzed at week 12 postoperatively.
RESULTS Compared to SHAM, DJB achieved rapid and durable improvement in glucose tolerance and led to increased total luminal bile acid concentrations with preferentially increased proportion of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) - inhibitory bile acids within the common limb. Intestinal ceramide synthesis was repressed with decreased serum ceramides, and this phenomenon could be partially antagonized by luminal supplementation of FXR activating bile acid CDCA.
CONCLUSION DJB significantly changes luminal bile acid composition with increased proportion FXR-inhibitory bile acids and reduces serum ceramide levels. There observations suggest a novel mechanism of bile acids in metabolic regulation after DJB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tong-Ming Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Feicheng 271600, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Lincheng People’s Hospital, Dezhou 253500, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Wang X, Yang F, Na L, Jia M, Ishfaq M, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wu C. Ferulic acid alleviates AFB1-induced duodenal barrier damage in rats via up-regulating tight junction proteins, down-regulating ROCK, competing CYP450 enzyme and activating GST. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 241:113805. [PMID: 35772360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes cell damage through its metabolite aflatoxin B1-8, 9-epoxide (AFBO), which is catalyzed by CYP450 enzymes. AFBO can be detoxified by glutathione S transferase (GST). Ferulic acid (FA) is known for its antioxidant capacity and intestinal protective function. However, the mechanism of AFB1 causing duodenal injury and the role of FA in AFB1-induced intestinal damage remains unclear. In this study, rats were exposed to AFB1 and treated with FA for 30 days. The results showed that I) FA alleviated the histopathological changes of duodenum and the ultrastructural changes of tight junctions between duodenal epithelial cells induced by AFB1. II) FA reduced the content of AFB1-ALB adduct in blood. III) The low expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1 and ZO-1) and the high expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 induced by AFB1 were significantly reversed by FA. IV) The high expression of CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 were significantly down-regulated by FA, and the activity of GST was promoted by FA. V) The binding affinity of FA to CYP2A6 is very similar to the binding affinity of AFB1 to CYP2A6, which meaning that there is a competitive relationship between FA and AFB1 when conjugating to CYP2A6. These results suggested that FA proved effective in alleviating AFB1-induced duodenal barrier damage via up-regulating tight junction proteins, down-regulating ROCK, competing CYP450 enzyme, and activating GST in duodenal epithelial cells of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Fengyan Yang
- Shenyang Modern Agriculture Research and Development Service Center (Shenyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences), China.
| | - Lingfang Na
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Meng Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Mingchun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Changde Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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Dong JZ, Rong PJ, Wang XT, Wang D, Leng MH, Xiao LJ. [Effect of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on duodenal mast cells, NGF and NTRK1 in rats with functional dyspepsia]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2022; 42:767-772. [PMID: 35793886 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20211230-k0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on duodenal mast cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (NTRK1), and to explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) on functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS Sixty SPF-grade 10-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a ketotifen group and an EA group, 15 rats in each group. The FD model was prepared by iodoacetamide combined with rat tail clamping method in the model group, the ketotifen group and the EA group. The rats in the ketotifen group were injected intraperitoneally with ketotifen (1 mg•kg-1•d-1) for 7 days; the rats in the EA group were treated with EA at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36), with disperse-dense wave, frequency of 2 Hz/50 Hz and intensity of 0.5 mA, 20 min each time, once a day for 14 days. The gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in each group were observed; the morphology of duodenal mucosa was observed by HE staining; the toluidine blue staining was used to observe the number and degranulation of mast cells in duodenal mucosa; the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 in duodenum were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR; the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in duodenum was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in the model group were decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in the ketotifen group and the EA group were increased (P<0.01); the small intestinal propulsion rate in the EA group was higher than that in the ketotifen group (P<0.01). In the model group, local defects in duodenal mucosa were observed with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration; no obvious abnormality was found in duodenal mucosa of the other groups. Compared with the normal group, the mast cells of duodenal mucosa in the model group were increased significantly with significant degranulation; compared with the model group, the mast cells of duodenal mucosa in the ketotifen group and the EA group were decreased significantly, and the degranulation was not obvious. Compared with the normal group, the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 as well as the level of IL-1β in duodenum in the model group were increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 as well as the levels of IL-1β in duodenum in the ketotifen group and the EA group were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); compared with the ketotifen group, the mRNA expression of NGF, as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of NTRK1 in duodenum in the EA group were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) could inhibit the activation of duodenal mast cells and regulate the expressions of NGF and its receptor to improve the low-grade inflammatory response of duodenum, resulting in treatment effect on FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zi Dong
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of TCM, Shenyang 110847, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700
| | - Pei-Jing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of TCM, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of TCM, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Ming-Hui Leng
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of TCM, Shenyang 110847, China
| | - Lu-Jia Xiao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of TCM, Shenyang 110847, China
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Yang T, Wang H, Zhao S, Sun N, Chen Y, Zhang H, Fan H. Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Duodenal Ferroptosis via the Inhibition of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:4353-4361. [PMID: 35380825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress causes duodenal damage, in which iron death is likely to play an important role. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), one of the most widely consumed dietary polyphenols, has been shown to protect the intestine. However, it is unclear whether CGA exerts a duodenoprotective effect in chronic stress by inhibiting ferroptosis. In this work, rats were daily exposed to restraint stress for 6 h over 21 consecutive days, with/without CGA (100 mg/kg, gavage). CGA reduced blood hepcidin, iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) levels and upregulated the levels of ferroptosis-related biomarkers (GPX4, GSH, NADPH, etc.). These results confirmed that CGA inhibited ferroptosis in the duodenum. Furthermore, the use of S3I-201 (STAT3 inhibitor) helped to further clarify the mechanism of action of CGA. Overall, CGA could reduce hepcidin production by inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in the liver to increase the expression of FPN1 in the duodenum, which restored iron homeostasis and inhibited ferroptosis, alleviating chronic stress-induced duodenal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuping Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Mohammed AD, Hall N, Chatzistamou I, Jolly A, Kubinak JL. Gluten-free diet exposure prohibits pathobiont expansion and gluten sensitive enteropathy in B cell deficient JH-/- mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264977. [PMID: 35324937 PMCID: PMC8946719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, celiac disease (CeD) is a T-cell-driven gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) localized to the small bowel (duodenum). The presence of antibodies specific for gluten- and self-antigens are commonly used diagnostic biomarkers of CeD and are considered to play a role in GSE pathogenesis. Previously, we have described an apparent T-cell-mediated GSE in CD19-/- mice, which develop weak and abnormal B cell responses. Here, we expand on this observation and use a mouse model of complete B cell deficiency (JH-/- mice), to show that absence of a humoral immune response also promotes development of a GSE. Furthermore, 16S analysis of microbial communities in the small intestine demonstrates that a gluten-free diet suppresses the expansion of anaerobic bacteria in the small intestine and colonization of the small intestine by a specific pathobiont. Finally, we also observe that SI enteropathy in mice fed a gluten-rich diet is positively correlated with the abundance of several microbial peptidase genes, which supports that bacterial metabolism of gluten may be an important driver of GSE in our model. Collectively, results from our experiments indicate that JH-/- mice will be a useful resource to investigators seeking to empirically delineate the contribution of humoral immunity on GSE pathogenesis, and support the hypothesis that humoral immunity promotes tolerance to gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dawood Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Nia Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Amy Jolly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Jason Lee Kubinak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
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Kaewsatuan P, Poompramun C, Kubota S, Yongsawatdigul J, Molee W, Uimari P, Molee A. Comparative proteomics revealed duodenal metabolic function associated with feed efficiency in slow-growing chicken. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101824. [PMID: 35395531 PMCID: PMC8987610 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Korat chicken (KR), developed in Thailand, is a slow-growing breed developed as an alternative breed for Thai chicken producers. The growing interest in slow-growing chicken meat, due to its unique taste, distinct texture, health benefits, and higher broiler welfare have led to higher market demand for KR. However, its low feed efficiency (FE) has a significant negative impact on farm profitability. Understanding the molecular mechanism regulating FE allows for designing a suitable selection program and contributing to breeding more efficient chicken for poultry production. Thus, the objective of our study was to investigate the proteome differences and possible pathways associated with FE in male KR using a label-free quantitative proteomic approach. Seventy-five KR males were individually evaluated for FE, and duodenum samples from 6 animals (3 high-FE and 3 low-FE chickens) were collected at 10 wk of age for differential abundant proteins (DAPs), protein networks, functional enrichment, and pathway analyses. In this study, we found 40 DAPs significantly associated with FE pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, peroxisome, oxidative phosphorylation, tight junction, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Thus, variations in observed DAPs or genes related to DAPs could be interesting biomarker candidates for selection for higher feed utilization efficiency in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramin Kaewsatuan
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Chotima Poompramun
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Jirawat Yongsawatdigul
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Wittawat Molee
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Pekka Uimari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Amonrat Molee
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Shao Y, Evers SS, Shin JH, Ramakrishnan SK, Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Yao Q, Shah YM, Sandoval DA, Seeley RJ. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy increases duodenal Lactobacillus spp. richness associated with the activation of intestinal HIF2α signaling and metabolic benefits. Mol Metab 2022; 57:101432. [PMID: 34998940 PMCID: PMC8790500 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) is one of the most efficacious treatments for obesity and its comorbidities. Although a range of evidence suggests that alterations of the microbiota in the distal gut following VSG are pivotal to these metabolic improvements, the effect of surgery to alter the microbiota of the proximal intestine and its effect on host physiology remain largely unknown. As the main bacteria in the upper small intestine, Lactobacillus subspecies have been appreciated as important regulators of gut function. These bacteria also regulate intestinal Hypoxia- Inducible Factor 2α (HIF2α) signaling that plays an integral role in gut physiology and iron absorption. In the present study, we sought to determine the impact of VSG on Lactobacillus spp. in the small intestine and potential downstream impacts of Lactobacillus spp. on HIF2α, specifically in the duodenum. METHODS To determine the effects of VSG on the microbiota and HIF2α signaling in the duodenum, VSG surgeries were performed on diet-induced obese mice. To further probe the relationship between Lactobacillus spp. and HIF2α signaling in the duodenum, we applied a customized high-fat but iron-deficient diet on mice to increase duodenal HIF2α signaling and determined alterations of gut bacteria. To explore the causal role of Lactobacillus spp. in duodenal HIF2α signaling activation, we chronically administered probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. to high-fat-fed obese mice. Lastly, we studied the effect of lactate, the major metabolite of Lactobacilli, on HIF2α in ex vivo duodenal organoids. RESULTS There were pronounced increases in the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in samples isolated from duodenal epithelium in VSG-operated mice as compared to sham-operated mice. This was accompanied by an increase in the expression of genes that are targets of HIF2α in the duodenum of VSG-treated mice. Activating HIF2α signaling with a high-fat but iron-deficient diet resulted in weight loss, improvements in glucose regulation, and increased Lactobacillus spp. richness in the duodenum as compared to mice on an iron-replete diet. Chronic administration of probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. not only increased HIF2α signaling in the duodenum such as occurs after VSG but also resulted in reduced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in high-fat-fed mice. Furthermore, lactate was able to activate HIF2α in ex vivo duodenal organoids. CONCLUSIONS These results support a model whereby VSG increases duodenal Lactobacillus richness and potentially stimulates intestinal HIF2α signaling via increased lactate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Shao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon S Evers
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Qiyuan Yao
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Darleen A Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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35
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Chappell GA, Wolf JC, Thompson CM. Crypt and Villus Transcriptomic Responses in Mouse Small Intestine Following Oral Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium. Toxicol Sci 2022; 186:43-57. [PMID: 34935971 PMCID: PMC8883354 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) induces tumors in the mouse duodenum. Previous microarray-based transcriptomic analyses of homogenized mouse duodenal tissue have demonstrated Cr(VI)-induced alterations in various cellular pathways and processes. However, X-ray fluorescence microscopy indicates that chromium localizes primarily to the duodenal villi following exposure to Cr(VI), suggesting that previous transcriptomic analyses of homogenized tissue provide an incomplete picture of transcriptomic responses in the duodenum. Herein, transcriptomic analyses were conducted separately on crypt and villus tissue from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded transverse duodenal sections from the same study in which microarray-based analyses were previously conducted. A total of 28 groups (7 doses × 2 timepoints × 2 tissue compartments) were analyzed for differential gene expression, dose-response, and gene set enrichment. Tissue compartment isolation was confirmed by differences in expression of typical markers of crypt and villus compartments. Fewer than 21 genes were altered in the crypt compartment of mice exposed to 0.1-5 ppm Cr(VI) for 7 or 90 days, which increased to hundreds or thousands of genes at ≥20 ppm Cr(VI). Consistent with histological evidence for crypt proliferation, a significant, dose-dependent increase in genes that regulate mitotic cell cycle was prominent in the crypt, while subtle in the villus, when compared with samples from time-matched controls. Minimal transcriptomic evidence of DNA damage response in either the crypts or the villi is consistent with published in vivo genotoxicity data. These results are also discussed in the context of modes of action that have been proposed for Cr(VI)-induced small intestine tumors in mice.
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Stricker S, Rudloff S, De Laffolie J, Zimmer KP. Tissue Transglutaminase but Not Microbial Transglutaminase Is Inhibited by Exogenous Oxidative Substances in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042248. [PMID: 35216364 PMCID: PMC8879474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic modification of gliadin peptides by human transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a central step in celiac disease (CD) pathogenesis. Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) mimics the enzymatic function of TG2 and might play a role in CD. TG2 is inhibited by endogenous oxidative endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 (ERp57), but data about mTG are lacking. We investigated the localization of ERp57 in duodenal biopsies and examined inhibition of TG2, and mTG by competitive, and oxidative molecules. Localization of ERp57 was investigated in duodenal biopsies from CD, and control patients by electron microcopy. Inhibition of TG2 and mTG was analyzed on an in vitro level using a photometric assay. ERp57 was observed within the lamina propria and its abundance within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was reduced in CD patients. TG2 was oxidatively inhibited by up to 95% by PX12 (p < 0.001) and L-cystine (p < 0.001), whereas mTG remained unaffected. The reduced presence of ERp57 within the ER of CD biopsies suggests a regulatory function of this protein within CD pathogenesis. PX12 and L-cystine oxidatively inhibit TG2 and might serve as treatment options in CD. mTG is poorly regulated and could contribute to the accumulation of immunogenic peptides within the gut with potential pathogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (J.D.L.); (K.-P.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-985-56617
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (J.D.L.); (K.-P.Z.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan De Laffolie
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (J.D.L.); (K.-P.Z.)
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (J.D.L.); (K.-P.Z.)
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van Baar ACG, Devière J, Hopkins D, Crenier L, Holleman F, Galvão Neto MP, Becerra P, Vignolo P, Rodriguez Grunert L, Mingrone G, Costamagna G, Nieuwdorp M, Guidone C, Haidry RJ, Hayee B, Magee C, Carlos Lopez-Talavera J, White K, Bhambhani V, Cozzi E, Rajagopalan H, J G H M Bergman J. Durable metabolic improvements 2 years after duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (REVITA-1 Study). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 184:109194. [PMID: 35032562 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is an endoscopic procedure developed to improve metabolic parameters and restore insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes. Here we report long-term DMR safety and efficacy from the REVITA-1 study. MATERIALS AND METHODS REVITA-1 was a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study of DMR feasibility, safety, and efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] of 7.5-10.0% (58-86 mmol/mol)) on oral medication. Safety and glycemic (HbA1c), hepatic (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), and cardiovascular (HDL, triglyceride [TG]/HDL ratio) efficacy parameters were assessed (P values presented for LS mean change). RESULTS Mean ± SD HbA1c levels reduced from 8.5 ± 0.7% (69.1 ± 7.1 mmol/mol) at baseline (N = 34) to 7.5 ± 0.8% (58.9 ± 8.8 mmol/mol) at 6 months (P < 0.001); and this reduction was sustained through 24 months post-DMR (7.5 ± 1.1% [59.0 ± 12.3 mmol/mol], P < 0.001) while in greater than 50% of patients, glucose-lowering therapy was reduced or unchanged. ALT decreased from 38.1 ± 21.1 U/L at baseline to 32.5 ± 22.1 U/L at 24 months (P = 0.048). HDL and TG/HDL improved during 24-months of follow-up. No device- or procedure-related serious adverse events, unanticipated device effects, or hypoglycemic events were noted between 12 and 24 months post-DMR. CONCLUSIONS DMR is associated with durable improvements in insulin sensitivity and multiple downstream metabolic parameters through 24 months post-treatment in type 2 diabetes. Clinical trial reg. no. NCT02413567, clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annieke C G van Baar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Devière
- Gastroenterology, Erasme UnCiversity Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Hopkins
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Laurent Crenier
- Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frits Holleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pablo Becerra
- CCO Clinical Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Reflux, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Vignolo
- CCO Clinical Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Reflux, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guido Costamagna
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caterina Guidone
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rehan J Haidry
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bu Hayee
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Cormac Magee
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital, London, UK; Center for Obesity Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kelly White
- Fractyl Laboratories Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | - Emily Cozzi
- Fractyl Laboratories Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacques J G H M Bergman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Jiang B, Wang H, Li N, Yan Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Xue H, Ma S, Li X, Diao W, Pan R, Gao Z, Qu MH. Role of Proximal Intestinal Glucose Sensing and Metabolism in the Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetic Rats After Duodenal Jejunal Bypass Surgery. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1119-1129. [PMID: 35080701 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gastric surgery can significantly improve blood glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its mechanism remains unclear. This study evaluated the role of intestinal glucose sensing, glucose transport, and metabolism in the alimentary limb (A limb) of T2DM rats after duodenal jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery. METHODS A T2DM rat model was induced via a high-glucose high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection. The diabetic rats were divided into two groups: the DJB surgery (T2DM-DJB) group and the sham surgery (T2DM-Sham) group. Wistar rats were used as wild-type control (Control). Small animal PET was used to assess the change in glucose metabolic status in the intestine. The intestinal villi height and the number of EECs after DJB were evaluated. The expressions of sweet taste receptors (T1R2/T1R3), glucose transporters (SGLT1/GLUT2), and key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism (HK2, PFK2, PKM2, G6Pase, and PCK1) in the A limb after DJB was detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Small animal PET analysis showed the intestinal glucose metabolism increased significantly 6 weeks after DJB surgery. The intestinal villi height and the number of EECs in the A limb 6 weeks after surgery increased significantly in T2DM-DJB rats comparing to T2DM-Sham rats. The mRNA and protein expression of T1R1/T1R3 and SGLT1/GLUT2 were downregulated in DJB-T2DM rats, while enzymes involved in glucose metabolism was upregulated in the A limb in T2DM-DJB rats. CONCLUSION Proximal intestinal glucose sensing and metabolism play an important role in blood glucose homeostasis by DJB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Huaijie Wang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Na Li
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Qingtao Yan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Hantao Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Shengyao Ma
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaocheng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Wenbin Diao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Ruiyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Mei-Hua Qu
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Issa A, Edwards J, Singh M, Friesen C, Edwards S. Presence of Increased Mast Cells in Infants and Children with Volume and Variety Limited Intake. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020365. [PMID: 35057546 PMCID: PMC8780193 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Reports indicate patients with feeding difficulties demonstrate signs of inflammation on biopsies, notably eosinophilia, but it is unknown whether mast cell density contributes to variety or volume limitation symptoms. The aim of our study was to evaluate eosinophil and mast cell density of EGD biopsies in pediatric patients with symptoms of decreased volume or variety of ingested foods. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review of EMRs for all new feeding clinic patients between 0 and 17 years of age. Patients were categorized by symptoms at the initial visit as well as eosinophil and mast cell densities in those with EGD biopsies. Ten patients were identified as controls. Results: We identified 30 patients each with volume and variety limitation. Antral mast cell density was increased in 32.1% of variety-limited patients, 37.5% of volume limited patients, and in no controls; Duodenal mast cell density was increased in 32.1% of variety-limited patients, 40.6% of volume-limited patients, and in no controls. Conclusions: In both variety- and volume-limited patients, antral and duodenal mast cell densities were increased. These associations warrant further investigation of the mechanism between mast cells and development of feeding difficulties, allowing more targeted pediatric therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Issa
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Jensen Edwards
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - Meenal Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (M.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Craig Friesen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (M.S.); (C.F.)
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sarah Edwards
- Division of Gastroenterology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (M.S.); (C.F.)
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Correspondence:
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Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Koc F, Stanton C, Ross RP, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Disbalance of the Duodenal Epithelial Cell Turnover and Apoptosis Accompanies Insensitivity of Intestinal Redox Homeostasis to Inhibition of the Brain Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptors in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:744-762. [PMID: 34607331 DOI: 10.1159/000519988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal dyshomeostasis is investigated in the context of metabolic dysfunction, systemic, and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Dysfunctional gastrointestinal redox homeostasis and the brain-gut incretin axis have been reported in the rat model of insulin-resistant brain state-driven neurodegeneration induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ-icv). We aimed to assess whether (i) the structural epithelial changes accompany duodenal oxidative stress; (ii) the brain glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIP-R) regulates redox homeostasis of the duodenum; and (iii) the STZ-icv brain-gut axis is resistant to pharmacological inhibition of the brain GIP-R. METHODS GIP-R inhibitor [Pro3]-GIP (85 μg/kg) was administered intracerebroventricularly to the control and the STZ-icv rats 1 month after model induction. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) were measured in the plasma and duodenum, and the sections were analyzed morphometrically. Caspase-3 expression and activation were assessed by Western blot and multiplex fluorescent signal amplification. RESULTS Intracerebroventricular [Pro3]-GIP decreased plasma TBARSs in the control and STZ-icv animals and increased duodenal TBARSs in the controls. In the controls, inhibition of brain GIP-R affected duodenal epithelial cells, but not villus structure, while all morphometric parameters were altered in the STZ-icv-treated animals. Morphometric changes in the STZ-icv animals were accompanied by reduced levels of caspase-3. Suppression of brain GIP-R inhibited duodenal caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSION Brain GIP-R seems to be involved in the regulation of duodenal redox homeostasis and epithelial cell turnover. Resistance of the brain-gut GIP axis and morphological changes indicative of abnormal epithelial cell turnover accompany duodenal oxidative stress in the STZ-icv rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fatma Koc
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Elli L, Facciotti F, Lombardo V, Scricciolo A, Sanders DS, Vaira V, Barisani D, Vecchi M, Costantino A, Scaramella L, dell'Osso B, Doneda L, Roncoroni L. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin profile in patients with celiac disease living in a high incidence area. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:3-9. [PMID: 34561158 PMCID: PMC8429410 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM How symptoms and antibodies related to SARS-CoV-2 infection develop in patients with celiac disease (CD) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD patients. METHODS CD patients were interviewed about the development of COVID-19 symptoms, compliance with anti-virus measures and adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA (anti-RBD and N proteins) was compared to that in non-CD subjects. Expression of the duodenal ACE2 receptor was investigated. When available, data on duodenal histology, anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTGA), comorbidities and GFD adherence were analyzed. RESULTS Of 362 CD patients, 42 (12%) reported COVID-19 symptoms and 21% of these symptomatic patients presented anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig. Overall, 18% of CD patients showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig versus 25% of controls (p = 0.18). CD patients had significantly lower levels of anti-N IgA. tTGA, duodenal atrophy, GFD adherence or other comorbidities did not influence symptoms and/or antibodies. The ACE2 receptor was detected in the non-atrophic duodenal mucosa of patients; atrophy was associated with lower expression of the ACE2 receptor. CONCLUSION CD patients have an anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig profile similar to non-celiac controls, except for anti-N IgA. No risk factors were identified among CD parameters and GFD adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Facciotti
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Lombardo
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Scricciolo
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - David S Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy; ″Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; CRC Molecular Basis of Neuro-Psycho-Geriatrics Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Centre for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Chen X, Zhang Q, Yang Q, Huang Z, Liao G, Wang Z. The Effect and Mechanism of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rat Model. Obes Facts 2022; 15:344-356. [PMID: 35299171 PMCID: PMC9209996 DOI: 10.1159/000519417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bariatric surgery can treat obesity and T2DM, but the specific mechanism is unknown. This study investigated the effect and possible mechanism of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) to treat T2DM. METHODS A T2DM rat model was established using a high-fat, high-sugar diet and a low dose of streptozotocin. DJB surgery and a sham operation (SO) were performed to analyze the effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation changes. Furthermore, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the ileum and the markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the pancreas were examined after the surgery. The insulinoma cells (INS-1) were divided into three groups; group A was cultured with a normal sugar content (11.1 mmol/L), group B was cultured with fluctuating high glucose (11.1 mmol/L alternating with 33.3 mmol/L), and group C was cultured with fluctuating high glucose and exendin-4 (100 nmol/L). The cells were continuously cultured for 7 days in complete culture medium. The viability of the INS-1 cells was then investigated using the MTT method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the ERS markers were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The blood glucose, lipids, insulin, and TNF-α were significantly elevated in the T2DM model. A gradual recovery was observed in the DJB group. GLP-1 expression in the distal ileum of the DJB group was significantly higher than that in the T2DM control group (DM) and the SO group (p < 0.05), and the markers of ERS expression in the pancreases of the DJB group decreased significantly more than those of groups DM and SO (p < 0.05). Compared with group A, the cell viability in group B was decreased, and the ERS and apoptosis were increased (p < 0.05). However, compared with group B, the cell viability in group C was improved, and the ERS and apoptosis declined (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DJB can be used to treat T2DM in T2DM rats. The mechanism may be that the DJB stimulates the increased expression of GLP-1 on the far side of the ileum, and then, GLP-1 inhibits ERS in the pancreas, reducing the apoptosis of β cells to create a treatment effect in the T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - QingQiang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *QingQiang Yang,
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZiWei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- **Ziwei Wang,
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Chuang DJ, Pethaperumal S, Siwakoti B, Chien HJ, Cheng CF, Hung SC, Lien TS, Sun DS, Chang HH. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Protects against Restraint Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3530. [PMID: 34944038 PMCID: PMC8700235 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases, which involve bidirectional communication of the GI and nerves systems. Acute stress leads to GI ulcers; however, the mechanism of the native cellular protection pathway, which safeguards tissue integrality and maintains GI homeostasis, remains to be investigated. In a mouse model of this study, restraint stress induced GI leakage, abnormal tight junction protein expression, and cell death of gut epithelial cells. The expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress-responsive transcription factor, is upregulated in the GI tissues of stressed animals. ATF3-deficient mice displayed an exacerbated phenotype of GI injuries. These results suggested that, in response to stress, ATF3 is part of the native cellular protective pathway in the GI system, which could be a molecular target for managing psychological stress-induced GI tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Jie Chuang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Subhashree Pethaperumal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Bijaya Siwakoti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
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Kaur V, Dimitriadis GK, Pérez-Pevida B, Bansi DS, Jayasena C, Bate D, Houghton R, Fielding BA, Balfoussia D, Webber L, Miao Y, Mears F, Jackson N, Coppin L, Perez J, Williams M, Johnson B, Umpleby AM, Randeva HS, Miras AD. Mechanisms of action of duodenal mucosal resurfacing in insulin resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2021; 125:154908. [PMID: 34627875 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is a novel day-case endoscopic intervention which results in weight loss-independent reductions in HbA1c in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We hypothesized that DMR works by increasing insulin sensitivity and we aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of DMR through longitudinal metabolic phenotyping in humans. METHODS Thirty-two insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity were randomised in a double-blinded manner to DMR or sham endoscopy. They underwent measurements of insulin sensitivity using euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamps, insulin secretion using oral glucose tolerance tests and reproductive function using weekly reproductive hormone profiles and ovarian ultrasonography for 6 months post-intervention. RESULTS A small increase in total body insulin sensitivity measured by the clamp was observed in both groups at week 12. An increase in insulin sensitivity, as measured by HOMA-IR, was observed in both groups at week 24. There was an increase in the number of menses (median 2 DMR, 0.5 sham). There were no significant differences between the two groups in these outcomes or insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DMR does not work by increasing insulin sensitivity in euglycaemic, insulin resistant women with PCOS. The procedure may exert its effects only in the context of hyperglycaemia or pathologically hyperplastic, insulin-desensitised duodenal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasha Kaur
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Department of Endocrinology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Belen Pérez-Pevida
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Channa Jayasena
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Danielle Bate
- Warwickshire Institute for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, UK
| | - Rhian Houghton
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Danai Balfoussia
- Department of Gynaecology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | - Lisa Webber
- Department of Gynaecology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | - Yun Miao
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Frederick Mears
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Nicola Jackson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
| | - Lucy Coppin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
| | | | | | - Brett Johnson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, UK; Department of Experimental & Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, UK
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Cohen MB, Gold BD, Xanthakos SA, CaJacob N, Weissman T, Bartolini W, Boinpally R, Mallick M, Reasner DS, O'Dea CR, Kwak H, Ge P. Intestinal Guanylate Cyclase-C mRNA Expression in Duodenum and Colon of Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73:703-709. [PMID: 34508047 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonists, which increase intestinal secretion and accelerate transit, are used to treat chronic constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and are being evaluated for pediatric use. Prior studies suggest GC-C receptor density may be higher in young children, potentially amplifying GC-C agonism with treatment implications. We aimed to quantitate duodenal and colonic GC-C mRNA expression in children. METHODS Mucosal biopsies were obtained from subjects aged 6 months to 18 years during clinically indicated upper, that is, esophago-gastro-duodenal, and/or colonic endoscopy. Tissue samples without histologic abnormalities were grouped by subject age (<24 months, 24 months to <6 years, 6 to <12 years, and 12 to <18 years) and analyzed for GC-C mRNA expression by qPCR. The relationship between GC-C mRNA levels and age was modeled using regression analyses. RESULTS Ninety-nine subjects underwent upper endoscopy/colonoscopy; 93 had evaluable samples. Mean relative GC-C mRNA expression was 2.36 (range 2.21-2.46) for duodenal samples and 1.56 (range 1.22-1.91) for colonic samples. Predicted and observed normalized GC-C mRNA expression in each region were comparable among age groups. Pooled expression by region demonstrated lower expression in colonic versus duodenal samples. CONCLUSIONS Uniform levels of GC-C mRNA expression were detected in children aged >6 months in the duodenum and >12 months in the colon. Higher expression was observed in all age groups in duodenal versus colonic samples, indicating regional variability in GC-C receptor density. These data are reassuring for further studies of GC-C agonists in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Benjamin D Gold
- GI Care for Kids, LLC, Children's Center for Digestive Healthcare, LLC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nicholas CaJacob
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanna Kwak
- Clinical Project Manager, Spero Therapeutics
| | - Pei Ge
- Senior Director of Pharmacology, Prime Medicine, Cambridge, MA
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Hu S, Mahadevan A, Elysee IF, Choi J, Souchet NR, Bae GH, Taboada AK, Sanketi B, Duhamel GE, Sevier CS, Tao G, Kurpios NA. The asymmetric Pitx2 gene regulates gut muscular-lacteal development and protects against fatty liver disease. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110030. [PMID: 34818545 PMCID: PMC8650168 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lacteals are essential lymphatic channels for absorption and transport of dietary lipids and drive the pathogenesis of debilitating metabolic diseases. However, organ-specific mechanisms linking lymphatic dysfunction to disease etiology remain largely unknown. In this study, we uncover an intestinal lymphatic program that is linked to the left-right (LR) asymmetric transcription factor Pitx2. We show that deletion of the asymmetric Pitx2 enhancer ASE alters normal lacteal development through the lacteal-associated contractile smooth muscle lineage. ASE deletion leads to abnormal muscle morphogenesis induced by oxidative stress, resulting in impaired lacteal extension and defective lymphatic system-dependent lipid transport. Surprisingly, activation of lymphatic system-independent trafficking directs dietary lipids from the gut directly to the liver, causing diet-induced fatty liver disease. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism linking gut lymphatic function to the earliest symmetry-breaking Pitx2 and highlights the important relationship between intestinal lymphangiogenesis and the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aparna Mahadevan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Isaac F Elysee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nathan R Souchet
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gloria H Bae
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alessandra K Taboada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Bhargav Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gerald E Duhamel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carolyn S Sevier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Atas U, Erin N, Tazegul G, Elpek GO, Yildirim B. Changes in ghrelin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with morbid obesity. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102164. [PMID: 34146741 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to assess changes in levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and ghrelin in the gastroduodenal mucosa of obese individuals, which has not been studied before. METHODS Forty-six patients with a body mass index (BMI) of >40 kg/m2 and 20 patients with a BMI of 18-25 kg/m2 were included in the study. VIP and SP levels in the fundus, antrum and duodenal mucosa were measured in freshly frozen tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting levels of ghrelin in blood were also measured with ELISA. Tissue levels of ghrelin were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, and immunoreactivity scores were used for ghrelin evaluation in tissues. RESULTS Antrum SP levels were higher in the obese group than in the control group. A significant number of obese patients had low VIP levels in the fundus and antrum. Intense ghrelin staining was observed in a limited number of cells in the mucosal area of the gastric fundus that was similar in the control and patient groups. In the antrum and duodenum, ghrelin staining was low in all the samples examined. CONCLUSION Here, we found that SP levels are increased, while VIP levels are decreased in the antrum of morbidly obese individuals. Previous studies show that SP increases gastroduodenal motility, that VIP slows it down, and that the gastric emptying rate is higher in obese individuals, preventing negative feedback mechanisms upon food intake. Therefore, increases in SP and decreases in VIP levels in the antrum may contribute to obesity by accelerating gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unal Atas
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Nuray Erin
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Immunopharmacology and Immunooncology Unit, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Tazegul
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Bulent Yildirim
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Antalya, Turkey.
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48
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Cheng J, Bar H, Tako E. Zinc Status Index (ZSI) for Quantification of Zinc Physiological Status. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103399. [PMID: 34684398 PMCID: PMC8541600 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is estimated to affect over one billion (17%) of the world’s population. Zn plays a key role in various cellular processes such as differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation, and is used for vital biochemical and structural processes in the body. Widely used biomarkers of Zn status include plasma, whole blood, and urine Zn, which decrease in severe Zn deficiency; however, accurate assessment of Zn status, especially in mild to moderate deficiency, is difficult, as studies with these biomarkers are often contradictory and inconsistent. Thus, sensitive and specific biological markers of Zn physiological status are still needed. In this communication, we provide the Zn status index (ZSI) concept, which consists of a three-pillar formula: (1) the LA:DGLA ratio, (2) mRNA gene expression of Zn-related proteins, and (3) gut microbiome profiling to provide a clear assessment of Zn physiological status and degree of Zn deficiency with respect to assessing dietary Zn manipulation. Analysis of five selected studies found that with lower dietary Zn intake, erythrocyte LA:DGLA ratio increased, mRNA gene expression of Zn-related proteins in duodenal and liver tissues was altered, and gut microbiota populations differed, where the ZSI, a statistical model trained on data from these studies, was built to give an accurate estimation of Zn physiological status. However, the ZSI needs to be tested and refined further to determine its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Haim Bar
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Philip E. Austin Building, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-0884
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Pérez-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Blanco M, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Fontecha J, Molina E, Benedé S, López-Fandiño R. Triacylglycerides and Phospholipids from Egg Yolk Differently Influence the Immunostimulating Properties of Egg White Proteins. Nutrients 2021; 13:3301. [PMID: 34684302 PMCID: PMC8539141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of a whole egg, egg white proteins are embedded in a lipid matrix that could modify their presentation to the immune system and their allergenic properties. The present study examines the impact of the main egg lipid components, triacylglycerides and phospholipids, in the early events of sensitization to egg. To this end, BALB/c mice were exposed intragastrically to egg lipids and egg lipid fractions, alone and in mixtures with egg white proteins, and Th2-promoting and proinflammatory effects were investigated. Our results highlight that the egg lipid fraction is responsible for Th2 adjuvant effects and point at a different influence of triacylglycerides and phospholipids on the bioavailability and immunomodulating properties of egg white proteins. While triacylglycerides promote type 2 responses at the small intestine level, phospholipids reduce the solubility of EW proteins and induce Th2 skewing in lymphoid intestinal tissues, which may have a direct impact on the development of egg allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, 11-26, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
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50
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Mazgaj R, Lipiński P, Szudzik M, Jończy A, Kopeć Z, Stankiewicz AM, Kamyczek M, Swinkels D, Żelazowska B, Starzyński RR. Comparative Evaluation of Sucrosomial Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Oral Supplements in Iron Deficiency Anemia in Piglets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9930. [PMID: 34576090 PMCID: PMC8466487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most common mammalian nutritional disorder. However, among mammalian species iron deficiency anemia (IDA), occurs regularly only in pigs. To cure IDA, piglets are routinely injected with high amounts of iron dextran (FeDex), which can lead to perturbations in iron homeostasis. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of non-invasive supplementation with Sucrosomial iron (SI), a highly bioavailable iron supplement preventing IDA in humans and mice and various iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Analysis of red blood cell indices and plasma iron parameters shows that not all iron preparations used in the study efficiently counteracted IDA comparable to FeDex-based supplementation. We found no signs of iron toxicity of any tested iron compounds, as evaluated based on the measurement of several toxicological markers that could indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress or inflammation. Neither SI nor IONPs increased hepcidin expression with alterations in ferroportin (FPN) protein level. Finally, the analysis of the piglet gut microbiota indicates the individual pattern of bacterial diversity across taxonomic levels, independent of the type of supplementation. In light of our results, SI but not IONPs used in the experiment emerges as a promising nutritional iron supplement, with a high potential to correct IDA in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Mazgaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Mateusz Szudzik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Aneta Jończy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Zuzanna Kopeć
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Adrian M. Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Marian Kamyczek
- Pig Hybridization Centre, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 43-246 Pawłowice, Poland;
| | - Dorine Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (TLM 830), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Hepcidin Analysis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Beata Żelazowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
| | - Rafał R. Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, 28-130 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (R.M.); (M.S.); (A.J.); (Z.K.); (A.M.S.); (B.Ż.)
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