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Menchén-Martínez D, Martínez-Blanco M, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Berin MC. Evaluation of the Suppressive Capacity of Regulatory T Cells in Food Allergy Research. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2717:191-205. [PMID: 37737985 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3453-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) exert a crucial role in the suppression of exacerbated T helper (Th) cell responses, including those of type 2 Th (Th2) cells, and in the maintenance of tolerance to environmental antigens and food allergens. The functional capacity of Tregs to suppress Th2 responses has been studied through activation and immunosuppression assays using cells from mice and humans. The immunosuppression assay is an essential in vitro tool that allows the evaluation of the Treg capacity to limit the proliferation and expansion of conventional T cells. This approach enables the determination of the suppressive ability of different Treg subsets. In this chapter, we describe a basic and well-established immunosuppression protocol for human and murine Treg that has been widely applied in food allergy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Menchén-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Martínez-Blanco M, Menchén-Martínez D, Cámara C, López-Fandiño R, Berin MC, Lozano-Ojalvo D. Coculture of Human Dendritic and T Cells for the Study of Specific T Cell-Mediated Responses Against Food Allergens. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2717:175-190. [PMID: 37737984 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3453-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) connect innate and adaptive immunity by sampling, capturing, processing, and presenting the allergen to distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells. In food allergy, this process leads to the generation of allergen-specific Th2 responses and the production of type 2 cytokines that ultimately induce the synthesis of IgE by allergen-specific B cells. In this chapter, we have described different protocols for the isolation of circulating DCs as well as the generation of DC-like cells derived from autologous peripheral monocytes and the human monocytic THP-1 cell line. Coculture of isolated/generated DCs with CD4+ T cells obtained from PBMCs of allergic subjects allows the study of antigen-specific T cell immune responses against food allergens. Early responses upon allergen recognition can be determined by the upregulation of activation markers such as CD154 (CD40 ligand) and the detection of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13). Delayed allergen-specific CD4+ T cell responses induce the proliferation of these cells and the accumulation of type 2 cytokines in coculture supernatants that can be quantified by different approaches (ELISA, EllaTM, and multiplex assays). Together, the protocols described in this chapter can be used to investigate the features of food proteins to induce food allergy, the influence of environmental factors to generate Th2-polarization, the function of DCs to generate differential immune responses in allergic versus tolerant individuals, and to assess the immunomodulating properties of potential therapeutic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Menchén-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cámara
- Department of Immunology, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Baris S, Benamar M, Chen Q, Catak MC, Martínez-Blanco M, Wang M, Fong J, Massaad MJ, Sefer AP, Kara A, Babayeva R, Eltan SB, Yucelten AD, Bozkurtlar E, Cinel L, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Zheng Y, Wu H, Ozen A, Schmitz-Abe K, Chatila TA. Severe allergic dysregulation due to a gain of function mutation in the transcription factor STAT6. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:182-194.e7. [PMID: 36758835 PMCID: PMC10330134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inborn errors of immunity have been implicated in causing immune dysregulation, including allergic diseases. STAT6 is a key regulator of allergic responses. OBJECTIVES This study sought to characterize a novel gain-of-function STAT6 mutation identified in a child with severe allergic manifestations. METHODS Whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing, lymphocyte characterization, and molecular and functional analyses of mutated STAT6 were performed. RESULTS This study reports a child with a missense mutation in the DNA binding domain of STAT6 (c.1114G>A, p.E372K) who presented with severe atopic dermatitis, eosinophilia, and elevated IgE. Naive lymphocytes from the affected patient displayed increased TH2- and suppressed TH1- and TH17-cell responses. The mutation augmented both basal and cytokine-induced STAT6 phosphorylation without affecting dephosphorylation kinetics. Treatment with the Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib reversed STAT6 hyperresponsiveness to IL-4, normalized TH1 and TH17 cells, suppressed the eosinophilia, and improved the patient's atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a novel inborn error of immunity due to a STAT6 gain-of-function mutation that gave rise to severe allergic dysregulation. Janus kinase inhibitor therapy could represent an effective targeted treatment for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mehmet Cihangir Catak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Muyun Wang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jason Fong
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Michel J Massaad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Asena Pinar Sefer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Altan Kara
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Royala Babayeva
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bilgic Eltan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Deniz Yucelten
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Bozkurtlar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Cinel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yumei Zheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Benedé S, Martínez-Blanco M, López-Fandiño R, Molina E. IgE-Binding and Immunostimulating Properties of Enzymatic Crosslinked Milk Proteins as Influenced by Food Matrix and Digestibility. Nutrients 2022; 14:4584. [PMID: 36364845 PMCID: PMC9659148 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy foods are essential in the diet, although in some susceptible individuals they may cause allergy to cow's milk proteins. Therefore, alternative methods are sought to reduce their allergenicity. Transglutaminase (TG) is widely used in dairy products mainly to improve texture. Although it has been claimed that TG can be used to modify the digestibility and allergenicity of foods, its impact within a real matrix has been rarely studied. The aim of this work was to assess the allergenic potential of crosslinked skim milk (SM), milk casein fraction (CN), and whey protein (WP). To this purpose, inhibition ELISA with sera from milk allergic patients, in vitro activation tests of mouse mast cells and splenocytes, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion assays were performed. The results showed that cross-linking increased the binding of IgE to WP, but decreased IgE-binding to SM and CN. However, no differences were observed in the ability of cross-linked proteins to induce mast cell degranulation compared to native proteins. The cross-linking of SM and CN reduced Th2 cytokine release from the splenocytes of sensitized mice. All TG-treated samples exhibited more resistance to in vitro digestion than the untreated proteins and the human IgE binding capacity after digestion was higher. In conclusion, TG treatment of milk proteins does not reduce the risk of eliciting allergic symptoms in cow's milk allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Martín I, Rodríguez A, Alía A, Martínez-Blanco M, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Córdoba JJ. Control of Listeria monocytogenes growth and virulence in a traditional soft cheese model system based on lactic acid bacteria and a whey protein hydrolysate with antimicrobial activity. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 361:109444. [PMID: 34749186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
"Torta del Casar" is a Spanish soft-ripened cheese made with sheep's raw milk and subjected to a short ripening process, which favors the growth of pathogenic microorganisms including Listeria monocytogenes. The development of strategies to control pathogens and minimize health risks associated with the presence of L. monocytogenes in these products is of great interest. In this regard, the anti-Listeria activity of a whey protein hydrolysate (ProH) alone or combined with six lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from cheese was evaluated in this study as a biocontrol strategy using a "Torta del Casar" cheese-based medium. The most active combinations of lactic acid bacteria assayed induced a reduction higher than two logarithmic units in the growth of L. monocytogenes (serotype 4b) compared to their respective control when they were co-inoculated in "Torta del Casar" cheese-based medium at 7 °C for 7 days. In addition, the observed downregulation of some key virulence genes of L. monocytogenes suggests that the strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B2 alone and combined with the strain Lactiplantibacillus spp. B4 are good candidates to be used as biocontrol agents against L. monocytogenes growth in traditional soft cheeses based on raw milk during their storage at refrigeration temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Alberto Alía
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Córdoba
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Pérez-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Blanco M, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Fontecha J, Molina E, Benedé S, López-Fandiño R. Triacylglycerides and Phospholipids from Egg Yolk Differently Influence the Immunostimulating Properties of Egg White Proteins. Nutrients 2021; 13:3301. [PMID: 34684302 PMCID: PMC8539141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of a whole egg, egg white proteins are embedded in a lipid matrix that could modify their presentation to the immune system and their allergenic properties. The present study examines the impact of the main egg lipid components, triacylglycerides and phospholipids, in the early events of sensitization to egg. To this end, BALB/c mice were exposed intragastrically to egg lipids and egg lipid fractions, alone and in mixtures with egg white proteins, and Th2-promoting and proinflammatory effects were investigated. Our results highlight that the egg lipid fraction is responsible for Th2 adjuvant effects and point at a different influence of triacylglycerides and phospholipids on the bioavailability and immunomodulating properties of egg white proteins. While triacylglycerides promote type 2 responses at the small intestine level, phospholipids reduce the solubility of EW proteins and induce Th2 skewing in lymphoid intestinal tissues, which may have a direct impact on the development of egg allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, 11-26, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (M.M.-B.); (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
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Martínez-Blanco M, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Benedé S, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Retinoic Acid Induces Functionally Suppressive Foxp3 +RORγt + T Cells In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675733. [PMID: 34447371 PMCID: PMC8382797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD4+ T cells with regulatory function co-expressing Foxp3 and RORγt are linked to the development of oral tolerance towards innocuous food antigens in mice. This study aimed to discern the role played by IL-6 and retinoic acid (RA) in the in vitro generation of Foxp3+RORγt+ T cells and to investigate whether such cells have suppressive properties. Methods CD4+CD25- T cells isolated from the spleen of BALB/c mice, were stimulated in the presence of IL-2 alone or together with TFG-β and different concentrations of IL-6 and/or RA. Percentage of Foxp3+, RORγt+, IL-17+, Foxp3+RORγt-, Foxp3+RORγt+, and Foxp3-RORγt+ T cells within the total CD4+ T cell population, production of cytokines (IL-10 and IL-17A) and gene expression (Foxp3, Rorc, Tgfb1, Il6, Il10, and Il17) were assessed at different time points. The phenotype and ability of cells generated from CD4+CD44-CD62L+ cells in the presence of RA to suppress effector T cell proliferation was assessed. Results TGF-β plus IL-6 induced the generation of Foxp3+ and double positive Foxp3+RORγt+ T cells to a higher extent than TGF-β alone at the beginning of the incubation period, although expression of Foxp3 subsequently declined. RA, added to TGF-β, increased Foxp3 and Rorc expression and Foxp3 and RORγt transcription and promoted the differentiation of Foxp3+RORγt- and Foxp3+RORγt+ cells that expressed and secreted IL-17. Foxp3+ T cells generated in vitro in presence of RA were functionally suppressive. Conclusions Under the influence of IL-2 and TGF-β, suppressive Foxp3+RORγt+ T cells that express and secrete IL-17 can be produced in vitro and RA further contributes to stabilize this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Food Allergy Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Anaysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Food Allergy Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Anaysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez
- Food Allergy Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Anaysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Food Allergy Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Anaysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Food Allergy Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Anaysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Food Allergy Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Anaysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Martín-Pedraza L, Mayorga C, Gomez F, Bueno-Díaz C, Blanca-Lopez N, González M, Martínez-Blanco M, Cuesta-Herranz J, Molina E, Villalba M, Benedé S. IgE-Reactivity Pattern of Tomato Seed and Peel Nonspecific Lipid-Transfer Proteins after in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:3511-3518. [PMID: 33719421 PMCID: PMC9134490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of gastrointestinal digestion on the immunological properties of three different nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) described in tomato fruit has been assessed using an in vitro system mimicking the stomach and intestine digestion conditions. Tomato peel/pulp nsLTP, Sola l 3, was degraded after digestion, although the immunoglobulin E (IgE) recognition of intact protein and a 10 kDa band were still observed after 30 min of duodenal digestion in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. The tomato seed nsLTP, Sola l 7, showed a higher stability than the other seed allergen, Sola l 6, during digestion. Sola l 7 showed an IgE immunoreactive 6.5 kDa band in immunoblotting analysis, retaining up to 7% of its IgE-binding capacity in inhibition ELISA test after 60 min of duodenal digestion and keeping intact its ability to activate basophils after digestion. These results suggest that the tomato seed allergen Sola l 7 might be considered as an important allergen in the induction of allergic responses to tomato due to its high stability against gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Pedraza
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy
Research Laboratory, IBIMA, Regional University
Hospital of Málaga, UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Allergy
Research Laboratory, IBIMA, Regional University
Hospital of Málaga, UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Bueno-Díaz
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel González
- Allergy
Research Laboratory, IBIMA, Regional University
Hospital of Málaga, UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Instituto
de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL,
CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Molina
- Instituto
de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL,
CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Instituto
de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL,
CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Benedé S, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Blanco M, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Oral Exposure to House Dust Mite Activates Intestinal Innate Immunity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030561. [PMID: 33803079 PMCID: PMC8000190 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SCOPE House dust mite (HDM) induces Th2 responses in lungs and skin, but its effects in the intestine are poorly known. We aimed to study the involvement of HDM in the initial events that would promote sensitization through the oral route and eventually lead to allergy development. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/c mice were exposed intragastrically to proteolytically active and inactive HDM, as such, or in combination with egg white (EW), and inflammatory and type 2 responses were evaluated. Oral administration of HDM, by virtue of its proteolytic activity, promoted the expression, in the small intestine, of genes encoding tight junction proteins, proinflammatory and Th2-biasing cytokines, and it caused expansion of group 2 innate immune cells, upregulation of Th2 cytokines, and dendritic cell migration and activation. In lymphoid tissues, its proteolytically inactivated counterpart also exerted an influence on the expression of surface DC molecules involved in interactions with T cells and in Th2 cell differentiation, which was confirmed in in vitro experiments. However, in our experimental setting we did not find evidence for the promotion of sensitization to coadministered EW. CONCLUSION Orally administered HDM upregulates tissue damage factors and also acts as an activator of innate immune cells behaving similarly to potent oral Th2 adjuvants.
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Martínez-Blanco M, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Ovalbumin-Derived Peptides Activate Retinoic Acid Signalling Pathways and Induce Regulatory Responses Through Toll-Like Receptor Interactions. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030831. [PMID: 32245005 PMCID: PMC7146383 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with pepsin (OP) to preclude Th2-type immunity by the enhancement of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Through Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, OP enhances the retinoic acid pathway on DCs by means of the induction of aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and it confers upon DC the ability to upregulate interleukin 10 (IL-10) as well as other tolerance-promoting mediators downstream of TRL signalling, such as IL-27, IL-33, Notch ligands, OX40L, and the transcription factors IRF4 and IRF8. OP-conditioned DCs induce the expansion of Foxp3+ and Tr1 cells in co-culture with CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, OP directly conditions CD4+ T cells from naïve mice, without the mediation of DCs, to express aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes and, in the presence of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and exogenous TGF-β, it enhances Foxp3 expression. It is noteworthy that, on CD4+ T cells isolated from egg-allergic mice, OP significantly enriches the levels of Foxp3+ and Foxp3+ RORγt+ CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, we show that food peptides may work, analogously to microbial-driven signals, through TLRs, to promote a tolerogenic phenotype on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, a property that is further enhanced in the context of a Th2 cytokine-rich environment.
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Pérez-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Blanco M, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Egg yolk augments type 2 immunity by activating innate cells. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3245-3256. [PMID: 31903504 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Egg yolk (EY) may play a role during the sensitizing phase of egg allergy by exerting intestinal type 2-biasing effects. We aimed to identify the mechanism and role of EY in the induction of allergy to egg white (EW). METHODS BALB/c mice were exposed intragastrically to EW, EY, or the mixture of EW:EY. In addition in vitro experiments were conducted with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), dendritic cells (DCs), and T cells from naïve mice. Inflammatory and type 2 responses were evaluated. RESULTS Administration of EW upregulated duodenal expression of factors that influence epithelial barrier integrity and function, such as Muc2 and Cldn2, type 2-promoting epithelial cytokines Il33 and Il25, DC genes Irf4 and Tnfsf4, and Th2-cytokines Il14 and Il13. EW:EY further increased the expression of Il25 and Tslp in the duodenum, Il33 and Tslp in the jejunum, and the proportion of lamina propria group 2 innate immune cells (ILC2s) over EW alone. Moreover, it distinctively enhanced the expression of Irf4 and Cd1d1 in the Peyer's patches (PPs), and of Il6, Il33, Gata3, and Il13, both in PPs and mesenteric lymph nodes. In co-cultures of DCs and T cells, EW:EY induced a higher expression of Gata3, Il4, and Il13, secretion of IL-13 and expansion of CD4+ T cells expressing ST2, the IL-33 receptor, than EW or EY added individually. CONCLUSION Co-administration of EY may promote sensitization to EW through activation of innate immune cells, such as IECs, DCs and ILC2s, that are central to the progress of allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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López-Fandiño R, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Martínez-Blanco M, Pérez-Rodriguez L, Molina E, Pélaez C, Requena T. Peptide-based immunotherapy enhances vitamin A metabolism and induces RORγt+ regulatory T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pablos-Tanarro A, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Martínez-Blanco M, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Egg Yolk Provides Th2 Adjuvant Stimuli and Promotes Sensitization to Egg White Allergens in BALB/c Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800057. [PMID: 29757493 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Egg is the second most frequent source of allergic reactions in children. Egg yolk (EY) amounts to one-third in weight of a fresh whole egg, but its contribution to egg allergy has not been investigated in depth. This study assesses whether EY influences the capacity of egg white (EW) to sensitize and trigger allergic responses. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/c mice were exposed to EW, EY, and their mixture, using models of orally (with and without adjuvant) and adjuvant-free intraperitoneally induced allergy. In vitro assays were also conducted to examine epithelial and dendritic cell (DC) functions. Results showed that EY played a role during the sensitizing phase of allergy. EY exerted local Th2-biasing effects through the upregulation of intestinal IL-33 expression and it also favored Th2 polarization directly during DC presentation of allergens to T cells. CONCLUSION The results obtained reveal that EY provides Th2-adjuvant stimuli to the immune system that may increase the susceptibility to develop egg allergy. The joint administration of EW and EY may be a trigger for initiation or maintenance of egg allergy with implications in prevention strategies regarding egg introduction in the diet of susceptible children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pablos-Tanarro
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Pablos-Tanarro A, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Martínez-Blanco M, López-Fandiño R, Molina E. Sensitizing and Eliciting Capacity of Egg White Proteins in BALB/c Mice As Affected by Processing. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:4500-4508. [PMID: 28467846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses to what extent technological processes that lead to different degrees of denaturation of egg white proteins affect their allergenicity. We focused on heat (80 °C, 10 min) and high-pressure (400 MPa and 37 °C, 10 min) treatments and used a BALB/c mouse model of food allergy. Oral sensitization to egg white using cholera toxin as adjuvant induced the production of IgE and IgG1 isotypes and led to severe clinical signs following challenge with the allergen. Extensive protein denaturation caused by heat treatment increased its ability to induce Th1 responses and reduced both its sensitizing and eliciting capacity. Heated egg white stimulated the production of IgE over IgG1 antibodies directed, at least in part, toward new epitopes exposed as a result of heat treatment. Conversely, partial denaturation caused by high-pressure treatment increased the ability of egg white to stimulate Th2 responses and its allergenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pablos-Tanarro
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Blanco
- Postgraduate in Oral Medicine, Valencia University General Hospital, Spain
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