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Goelen J, Farrell G, McGeehan J, Titman CM, J W Rattray N, Johnson TN, Horniblow RD, Batchelor HK. Quantification of drug metabolising enzymes and transporter proteins in the paediatric duodenum via LC-MS/MS proteomics using a QconCAT technique. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:68-77. [PMID: 37625656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Characterising the small intestine absorptive membrane is essential to enable prediction of the systemic exposure of oral formulations. In particular, the ontogeny of key intestinal Drug Metabolising Enzymes and Transporter (DMET) proteins involved in drug disposition needs to be elucidated to allow for accurate prediction of the PK profile of drugs in the paediatric cohort. Using pinch biopsies from the paediatric duodenum (n = 36; aged 11 months to 15 years), the abundance of 21 DMET proteins and two enterocyte markers were quantified via LC-MS/MS. An established LCMS nanoflow method was translated to enable analysis on a microflow LC system, and a new stable-isotope-labelled QconCAT standard developed to enable quantification of these proteins. Villin-1 was used to standardise abundancy values. The observed abundancies and ontogeny profiles, agreed with adult LC-MS/MS-based data, and historic paediatric data obtained via western blotting. A linear trend with age was observed for duodenal CYP3A4 and CES2 only. As this work quantified peptides on a pinch biopsy coupled with a microflow method, future studies using a wider population range are very feasible. Furthermore, this DMET ontogeny data can be used to inform paediatric PBPK modelling and to enhance the understanding of oral drug absorption and gut bioavailability in paediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Goelen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gillian Farrell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | | | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Richard D Horniblow
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah K Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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2
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Horniblow RD, Pathak P, Eshrati M, Latunde-Dada GO, Tselepis C. Intestinal iron bio-accessibility changes by Lignin and the subsequent impact on cell metabolism and intestinal microbiome communities. Food Funct 2023; 14:3673-3685. [PMID: 36970974 PMCID: PMC10123922 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03807b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Lignin chelates iron within the gastrointestinal lumen, altering bio-accessibility and leading to modulated enterocyte iron metabolism and changes in intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Horniblow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Prachi Pathak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Maryam Eshrati
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gladys O Latunde-Dada
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kings College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Chris Tselepis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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3
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Rees NP, Shaheen W, Quince C, Tselepis C, Horniblow RD, Sharma N, Beggs AD, Iqbal TH, Quraishi MN. Systematic review of donor and recipient predictive biomarkers of response to faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104088. [PMID: 35660786 PMCID: PMC9163485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nia Paddison Rees
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Walaa Shaheen
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Chris Tselepis
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard D Horniblow
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Naveen Sharma
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohammed Nabil Quraishi
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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Horniblow RD, Pathak P, Balacco DL, Acharjee A, Lles E, Gkoutos G, Beggs AD, Tselepis C. IRON-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF NRF2 TARGETS. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108929. [PMID: 34954079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of excess dietary iron within the colonic lumen are well documented, particularly in the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Proposed mechanisms that underpin iron-associated intestinal disease include: i) the pro-inflammatory and ROS-promoting nature of iron, ii) gene-expression alterations, and iii) intestinal microbial dysbiosis. However, to date no studies have examined the effect of iron on the colonic epigenome. Here we demonstrate that chronic iron exposure of colonocytes leads to significant hypomethylation of the epigenome. Bioinformatic analysis highlights a significant epigenetic effect on NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway targets (including NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 [NQO1] and Glutathione peroxidase 2 [GPX2]); this demethylating effect was validated and subsequent gene and protein expression quantified. These epigenetic modifications were not observed upon the diminishment of cellular lipid peroxidation with endogenous glutathione and the subsequent removal of iron. Additionally, the induction of TET1 expression was found post-iron treatment, highlighting the possibility of an oxidative-stress induction of TET1 and subsequent hypomethylation of NRF2 targets. In addition, a strong time dependence on the establishment of iron-orchestrated hypomethylation was found which was concurrent with the increase in the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) and lipid peroxidation levels. These epigenetic changes were further validated in murine intestinal mucosa in models administered a chronic iron diet, providing evidence for the likelihood of dietary-iron mediated epigenetic alterations in vivo. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between NQO1 and GPX2 demethylation and human intestinal tissue iron-status, thus suggesting that these iron-mediated epigenetic modifications are likely in iron-replete enterocytes. Together, these data describe a novel mechanism by which excess dietary iron is able to alter the intestinal phenotype, which could have implications in iron-mediated intestinal disease and the regulation of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Horniblow
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Prachi Pathak
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dario L Balacco
- Birmingham Dental School, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eva Lles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgios Gkoutos
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR), Midlands Site, UK
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Tselepis
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Horniblow RD, Mistry P, Quraishi MN, Beggs AD, Van de Wiele T, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C. The Safety and Tolerability of a Potential Alginate-Based Iron Chelator; Results of A Healthy Participant Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E674. [PMID: 30901846 PMCID: PMC6471009 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence supporting the ferro-toxic nature of iron in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming well established. A microbial dysbiosis is observed in IBD patients, and intra-luminal colonic-iron is able to support a more pathogenic community of bacteria; whether this is attributed to the development of IBD and how iron could be mediating these microbial changes is still unknown. Dietary fibres are commonly used in pre-biotic supplements to beneficially affect the host by improving the viability of bacterial communities within the colon. Alginates are a class of biopolymers considered as prebiotics due to their fibre-like composition and are able to bind metal cations, in particular, iron. Considering that iron excess is able to negatively alter the microbiome, the use of alginate as a food supplement could be useful in colonic-iron chelation. As such, this first-in-man study aimed to assess whether the use of alginate as a dietary iron chelator was both safe and well tolerated. In addition, the impact of alginate on the microbiome and iron levels was assessed by using an intestinal model SHIME (Simulation of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem). Alginate was supplemented into the diets (3 g/day) of healthy volunteers (n = 17) for 28 days. Results from this study suggest that daily ingestion of 3 g alginate was well tolerated with very minor side effects. There were no detrimental changes in a variety of haematological parameters or the intestinal microbiome. The bacterial communities within the SHIME model were also not influenced by iron and or alginate; it is possible that alginate may be susceptible to bacterial or enzymatic degradation within the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Horniblow
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Pritesh Mistry
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Mohammed N Quraishi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- The University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
- The University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Chris Tselepis
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Hollingworth R, Horniblow RD, Forrest C, Stewart GS, Grand RJ. Localization of Double-Strand Break Repair Proteins to Viral Replication Compartments following Lytic Reactivation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. J Virol 2017; 91:e00930-17. [PMID: 28855246 PMCID: PMC5660498 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00930-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are recognized by the Ku70/80 heterodimer and the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and result in activation of the DNA-PK and ATM kinases, which play key roles in regulating the cellular DNA damage response (DDR). DNA tumor viruses such as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are known to interact extensively with the DDR during the course of their replicative cycles. Here we show that during lytic amplification of KSHV DNA, the Ku70/80 heterodimer and the MRN complex consistently colocalize with viral genomes in replication compartments (RCs), whereas other DSB repair proteins form foci outside RCs. Depletion of MRE11 and abrogation of its exonuclease activity negatively impact viral replication, while in contrast, knockdown of Ku80 and inhibition of the DNA-PK enzyme, which are involved in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair, enhance amplification of viral DNA. Although the recruitment of DSB-sensing proteins to KSHV RCs is a consistent occurrence across multiple cell types, activation of the ATM-CHK2 pathway during viral replication is a cell line-specific event, indicating that recognition of viral DNA by the DDR does not necessarily result in activation of downstream signaling pathways. We have also observed that newly replicated viral DNA is not associated with cellular histones. Since the presence and modification of these DNA-packaging proteins provide a scaffold for docking of multiple DNA repair factors, the absence of histone deposition may allow the virus to evade localization of DSB repair proteins that would otherwise have a detrimental effect on viral replication.IMPORTANCE Tumor viruses are known to interact with machinery responsible for detection and repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, although detail concerning how Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) modulates these cellular pathways during its lytic replication phase was previously lacking. By undertaking a comprehensive assessment of the localization of DSB repair proteins during KSHV replication, we have determined that a DNA damage response (DDR) is directed to viral genomes but is distinct from the response to cellular DNA damage. We also demonstrate that although recruitment of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) DSB-sensing complex to viral genomes and activation of the ATM kinase can promote KSHV replication, proteins involved in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair restrict amplification of viral DNA. Overall, this study extends our understanding of the virus-host interactions that occur during lytic replication of KSHV and provides a deeper insight into how the DDR is manipulated during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hollingworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Horniblow
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Forrest
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J Grand
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Phillips E, Horniblow RD, Poole V, Bedford M, Ward DG, Kirkham AJ, Tomlinson J, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C. A potential role for hepcidin in obesity-driven colorectal tumourigenesis. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:392-400. [PMID: 29115635 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is associated with increases in the incidence of several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, and is associated with poor outcomes for patients. Adipose tissue is considered biologically active and represents a plausible link between cancer and obesity due to the many factors that it secretes. In the present study, human adipose tissue was cultured in vitro and predifferentiated adipocyte secretome [preadipocyte (PAS)] and differentiated adipocyte secretome (DAS) were collected. Quantification of interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin and hepcidin in the DAS medium was compared to the PAS medium. Fold change levels of hepcidin, leptin and IL-6 in DAS (2.88±0.28, 12.34±0.95 and 31.29±1.89 fold increases) were significantly higher compared to these in PAS (p=0.05). The SW480 colorectal cancer cells were co-cultured with DAS in the presence or absence of leptin, IL-6 or hepcidin inhibitors and cellular viability and proliferation assays were performed. The culture of SW480 with DAS increased the cell proliferation and viability by 30 and 15% (p=0.02 and p=0.03) respectively, which was reversed in the presence of inhibitors. Challenging the SW480 cells with IL-6 or hepcidin significantly elevated colonocyte‑secreted leptin (p=0.05). Challenging the SW480 cells with leptin or hepcidin resulted in elevated levels of colonocyte-secreted IL-6 (p=0.05). Similarly, challenging cells with either IL-6 or leptin markedly elevated the level of secreted hepcidin (p=0.05) and this was associated with an induction in colonocyte iron levels in both cases. Collectively, these data revealed that adipocyte-secreted factors can ultimately modulate colonocyte iron levels and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Phillips
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Horniblow
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vikki Poole
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Matthew Bedford
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Douglas G Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amanda J Kirkham
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jeremy Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chris Tselepis
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Horniblow RD, Lai S, Beggs A, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C. PWE-096 Epigenetic dna methylation modifications following chronic iron exposure to colonocytes in vitro. Nutrition 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314472.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Horniblow RD, Bedford M, Hollingworth R, Evans S, Sutton E, Lal N, Beggs A, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C. BRAF mutations are associated with increased iron regulatory protein-2 expression in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1135-1143. [PMID: 28281325 PMCID: PMC5480081 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A role for iron in carcinogenesis is supported by evidence that iron metabolism proteins are modulated in cancer progression. To date, however, the expression of iron regulatory protein‐2 (IRP2), which is known to regulate several iron metabolism proteins, has not been assessed in colorectal cancer. Expression of IRP2 was assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry in human colorectal cancer tissue. By interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, expression of IRP2 and transferrin receptor‐1 (TfR1) was assessed relative to common mutations that are known to occur in cancer. The impact of suppressing IRP2 on cellular iron metabolism was also determined by using siRNA and by using the MEK inhibitor trametinib. IRP2 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer compared to normal colonic mucosa and its expression was positively correlated with TfR1 expression. In addition, IRP2 expression was associated with mutations in BRAF. The MEK inhibitor trametinib suppressed IRP2 and this was associated with a suppression in TfR1 and the labile iron pool (LIP). Moreover, epidermal growth factor stimulation resulted in decreased ferritin expression and an increase in the LIP which were independent of IRP2. Results presented here suggest that ablating IRP2 provides a therapeutic platform for intervening in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Horniblow
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew Bedford
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert Hollingworth
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Evans
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emily Sutton
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neeraj Lal
- Immunity and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Beggs
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Tselepis
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Horniblow RD, Henesy D, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C. Modulation of iron transport, metabolism and reactive oxygen status by quercetin-iron complexes in vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27794191 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Excess free-iron is detrimental to health through its ability to participate in free radical generation and amplification of oncogenic pathways. The study aims were to identify polyphenols with iron-chelating potential. METHODS AND RESULTS Of four polyphenols tested quercetin demonstrated potent iron binding with the physiological outcome dictated by the location of interaction. In the presence of extracellular iron and quercetin, ferritin expression and cellular iron concentrations decreased suggesting the resulting quercetin-iron complex is not internalised. However, in the relative absence of extracellular iron, quercetin becomes internalised and complexes with both intracellular iron, and iron which subsequently becomes absorbed as indicated by increased cellular 59 Fe post pre-culture with quercetin. This increased intracellular iron complexed to quercetin does not associate with the labile iron pool and cells behave as though they are iron deficient (increased transferrin receptor-1 and iron regulatory protein-2 expression and low ferritin expression). Additionally, a suppression in reactive oxygen species was observed. CONCLUSION Quercetin, an exogenous iron chelator, is able to render the cell functionally iron-deficient which not only provides a therapeutic platform for chelating excess free luminal iron but also may be of use in limiting processes such as cancer-cell growth, inflammation and bacterial infections, which all require iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Horniblow
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Daisy Henesy
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Chris Tselepis
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK
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Jian N, Dowle M, Horniblow RD, Tselepis C, Palmer RE. Morphology of the ferritin iron core by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:46LT02. [PMID: 27734804 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/46/46lt02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As the major iron storage protein, ferritin stores and releases iron for maintaining the balance of iron in fauna, flora, and bacteria. We present an investigation of the morphology and iron loading of ferritin (from equine spleen) using aberration-corrected high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Atom counting method, with size selected Au clusters as mass standards, was employed to determine the number of iron atoms in the nanoparticle core of each ferritin protein. Quantitative analysis shows that the nuclearity of iron atoms in the mineral core varies from a few hundred iron atoms to around 5000 atoms. Moreover, a relationship between the iron loading and iron core morphology is established, in which mineral core nucleates from a single nanoparticle, then grows along the protein shell before finally forming either a solid or hollow core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jian
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Horniblow RD, Latunde-Dada GO, Harding SE, Schneider M, Almutairi FM, Sahni M, Bhatti A, Ludwig C, Norton IT, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C. The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2098-2108. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Horniblow
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | | | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics; School of Biosciences; The University of Nottingham; Loughborough UK
| | - Melanie Schneider
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - Fahad M. Almutairi
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics; School of Biosciences; The University of Nottingham; Loughborough UK
| | - Manroy Sahni
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - Ahsan Bhatti
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - Ian T. Norton
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - Tariq H. Iqbal
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - Chris Tselepis
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
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Horniblow RD, Dowle M, Iqbal TH, Latunde-Dada GO, Palmer RE, Pikramenou Z, Tselepis C. Alginate-Iron Speciation and Its Effect on In Vitro Cellular Iron Metabolism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138240. [PMID: 26378798 PMCID: PMC4574481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginates are a class of biopolymers with known iron binding properties which are routinely used in the fabrication of iron-oxide nanoparticles. In addition, alginates have been implicated in influencing human iron absorption. However, the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles employs non-physiological pH conditions and whether nanoparticle formation in vivo is responsible for influencing cellular iron metabolism is unclear. Thus the aims of this study were to determine how alginate and iron interact at gastric-comparable pH conditions and how this influences iron metabolism. Employing a range of spectroscopic techniques under physiological conditions alginate-iron complexation was confirmed and, in conjunction with aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticles were observed. The results infer a nucleation-type model of iron binding whereby alginate is templating the condensation of iron-hydroxide complexes to form iron oxide centred nanoparticles. The interaction of alginate and iron at a cellular level was found to decrease cellular iron acquisition by 37% (p < 0.05) and in combination with confocal microscopy the alginate inhibits cellular iron transport through extracellular iron chelation with the resulting complexes not internalised. These results infer alginate as being useful in the chelation of excess iron, especially in the context of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer where excess unabsorbed luminal iron is thought to be a driver of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Horniblow
- University of Birmingham, School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Dowle
- University of Birmingham, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq H. Iqbal
- University of Birmingham, School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Gladys O. Latunde-Dada
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E. Palmer
- University of Birmingham, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Pikramenou
- University of Birmingham, School of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Tselepis
- University of Birmingham, School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Bedford MR, Ford SJ, Horniblow RD, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C. Iron chelation in the treatment of cancer: a new role for deferasirox? J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53:885-91. [PMID: 23740857 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a crucial role in a number of metabolic pathways including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and ATP generation. Although insufficient systemic iron can result in physical impairment, excess iron has also been implicated in a number of diseases including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Iron chelators are agents which bind iron and facilitate its excretion. Experimental iron chelators have demonstrated potent anti-neoplastic properties in a number of cancers in vitro. These agents have yet to be translated into clinical practice, however, largely due to the significant side effects encountered in pre-clinical models. A number of licensed chelators, however, are currently in clinical use for the treatment of iron overload associated with certain non-neoplastic diseases. Deferasirox is one such agent and the drug has shown significant anti-tumor effects in a number of in vitro and in vivo studies. Deferasirox is orally administered and has demonstrated a good side effect profile in clinical practice to date. It represents an attractive agent to take forward into clinical trials of iron chelators as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Bedford
- School of Cancer Studies, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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