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Monteiro A, Barreto-Mendes L, Fanchone A, Morgavi DP, Pedreira BC, Magalhães CAS, Abdalla AL, Eugène M. Crop-livestock-forestry systems as a strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing the sustainability of forage-based livestock systems in the Amazon biome. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167396. [PMID: 37778569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of livestock systems becomes essential to meet the food demand of the growing world population, but it is important to consider the environmental impact of these systems. To assess the potential of forage-based livestock systems to offset greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the net carbon (C) balance of four systems in the Brazilian Amazon Biome was estimated: livestock (L) with a monoculture of Marandu palisade grass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster]; livestock-forestry (LF) with palisade grass intercropped with three rows of eucalyptus at 128 trees/ha; crop-livestock (CL) with soybeans and then corn + palisade grass, rotated with livestock every two years; and crop-livestock-forestry (CLF) with CL + one row of eucalyptus at 72 trees/ha. Over the four years studied, the systems with crops (CL and CLF) produced more human-edible protein than those without them (L and LF) (3010 vs. 755 kg/ha). Methane contributed the most to total GHG emissions: a mean of 85 % for L and LF and 67 % for CL and CLF. Consequently, L and LF had greater total GHG emissions (mean of 30 Mg CO2eq/ha/year). Over the four years, the system with the most negative net C balance (i.e., C storage) was LF when expressed per ha (-53.3 Mg CO2eq/ha), CLF when expressed per kg of carcass (-26 kg CO2eq/kg carcass), and LF when expressed per kg of human-edible protein (-72 kg CO2eq/kg human-edible protein). Even the L system can store C if well managed, leading to benefits such as increased meat as well as improved soil quality. Moreover, including crops and forestry in these livestock systems enhances these benefits, emphasizing the potential of integrated systems to offset GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce Monteiro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Barreto-Mendes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Audrey Fanchone
- INRAE, ASSET, Centre Antilles-Guyane, Domaine Duclos, Prise d'Eau, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Bruno C Pedreira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Ciro A S Magalhães
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril), 78550-970 Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maguy Eugène
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Bompadre TFV, Martinez MIV, Fernandes EAN, Sakita GZ, Abdalla AL, Hanigan MD, Louvandini H. Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection damages intestine brush board cells and could negatively impact postabsorptive parameters of Santa Ines lambs. Exp Parasitol 2023; 246:108464. [PMID: 36682720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate histological, digestive and postabsorptive physiological parameters in Santa Ines lambs infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and fed different levels of phosphorus. Therefore, eighteen Santa Ines, castrated male, six-month old, healthy lambs (initial body weight 22.4 ± 2.7 kg) were distributed in one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 split-plot arrangement: Sufficient dietary P level and uninfected (SPui; n = 4), Sufficient dietary P level and infected (SPi; n = 5), Deficient dietary P level and uninfected (DPui; n = 4), Deficient dietary P level and infected (DPi; n = 5). Infected lambs received, orally, a single pulse dose of 40.000 T. colubriformis infective larval stage (L3). Animals were fed Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon ssp.; 60%), and cassava meal and maize gluten meal (40%). Measurement of nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism were performed in individual metabolic stalls. To achieve the trial results, it was measured methane emissions in respiratory chambers, urine purine derivatives, ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), histological cuts of duodenal mucosal tissues and passage rates fluxes, analyzed by external (Yb, Cr, and Co) and internal (iNDF) markers. Statistical procedures were performed in R studio. The fixed main effects of treatment and the interactions were tested by ANOVA, and means compared by Duncan's test at 5% significance. Apparent digestibility was not affected by treatments, however, nitrogen retained decreased (P < 0.01) and urinary nitrogen losses increased (P < 0.01) in infected animals. Small intestine digesta content, empty segment weight, and length were higher in infected animals (P < 0.05). Passage rate was not majorly affected by infection or dietary P levels. Methane emissions, SCFA concentrations, and purine derivative excretion were also not affected by treatments. Regarding the histology, the vilosity weight (P < 0.05), and crypt depth (P < 0.01) decreased in infected animals. In conclusion, T. colubriformis infection can damage intestinal mucosa and affect nitrogen metabolism, but did not affect the digesta transit, and nutrient digestibility. The P dietary levels did not promote any modification in GIT physiological parameters tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F V Bompadre
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria I V Martinez
- Radioisotope Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13418-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabete A N Fernandes
- Radioisotope Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13418-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Z Sakita
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, 2470 Litton-Reaves Hall (0315), 175 West Campus Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, University of Sao Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), 303 Centenario Avenue, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Beauchemin KA, Ungerfeld EM, Abdalla AL, Alvarez C, Arndt C, Becquet P, Benchaar C, Berndt A, Mauricio RM, McAllister TA, Oyhantçabal W, Salami SA, Shalloo L, Sun Y, Tricarico J, Uwizeye A, De Camillis C, Bernoux M, Robinson T, Kebreab E. Invited review: Current enteric methane mitigation options. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9297-9326. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bompadre TFV, Moretti DB, Sakita GZ, Ieda EH, Martinez MIV, Fernandes EAN, Machado-Neto R, Abdalla AL, Louvandini H. Long-term chromium picolinate supplementation improves colostrum profile of Santa Ines ewe. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:414-421. [PMID: 31079328 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a micromineral that is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, ammonia, and nucleic acids; thus, its supplementation can influence the nutritional status of ruminants, and consequently, colostrum profile, since this secretion depends on products secreted by the mammary gland and elements of the maternal bloodstream. The present study investigated the influence of supplementation with Cr bound to organic molecule on the nutritional, immune, and antioxidant quality of ewe colostrum. Thirty-two multiparous Santa Ines ewes (55.3 ± 8.00 kg body weight) were randomly assigned into four groups: T1 (0.0 mg of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation per ewe, n = 8), T2 (0.15 mg of CrPic per ewe, n = 9), T3 (0.30 mg of CrPic per ewe, n = 7), and T4 (0.45 mg of CrPic per ewe, n = 8). Supplementation was supplied during the breeding season, pregnancy, and lactation. Shortly after calving, the first milking colostrum was collected to determine its chemical composition, activity of lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, ceruloplasmin, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. The results show that lactoperoxidase activity decreased with CrPic supplementation (P < 0.01), revealing that this micromineral reduces an important component of defense mechanism in the body. Therefore, the results of this work show that supplementation with chromium picolinate influences colostrum quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F V Bompadre
- Animal Science Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 303, Centenario Avenue, 13416-000, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora B Moretti
- Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 11, Padua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Z Sakita
- Animal Science Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 303, Centenario Avenue, 13416-000, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Egon H Ieda
- Animal Science Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 303, Centenario Avenue, 13416-000, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria I V Martinez
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 303, Centenario Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabete A N Fernandes
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 303, Centenario Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Machado-Neto
- Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 11, Padua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Animal Science Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 303, Centenario Avenue, 13416-000, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Animal Science Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 303, Centenario Avenue, 13416-000, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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El-Zaiat HM, Abdalla AL. Potentials of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on ruminal methanogenesis, feed degradability, and enzyme activities in vitro. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:30220-30228. [PMID: 31422537 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of patchouli essential oil (PEO) as an alternative to antibiotics on ruminal methanogenesis, feed degradability, and enzyme activities were evaluated. The basal substrate was incubated without additives (control, CTL) and with monensin (MON, 6 μM/g DM) or patchouli essential oil (PEO, 90 μg/g DM) for 24 h. In three different runs, the gas production (GP) was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation using a semi-automatic system. The results revealed that MON had decreased (P < 0.05) the net GP and CH4 production and digestible and metabolizable energy relative to PEO supplementation. The in vitro truly degraded organic matter was not influenced by PEO application, while was reduced (P = 0.027) with MON. Both PEO and MON had similar reducing effect on the activity of carboxymethylcellulase (P = 0.030), in vitro truly degraded neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.010), NH3-N concentrations (P = 0.012), acetate proportion (C2, P = 0.046), C2 to C3 ratio (P = 0.023), and total protozoal count (P = 0.017). Both additives recorded similar elevating potential on the α-amylase activity (P = 0.012), propionate (C3) proportion (P = 0.011), and microbial protein (P = 0.034) compared with CTL. Effects of MON and PEO on ruminal feed degradability, microbial enzyme activities, and total protozoa counts may be responsible for modifying rumen fermentation ecology. Addition of PEO may act as a desirable alternative rumen modifier for MON in ruminant diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani M El-Zaiat
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Aflaton St., El-Shatby, P.O Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
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Abdalla Filho AL, Costa Junior GT, Lima PM, Soltangheisi A, Abdalla AL, Ghini R, Piccolo MC. Fiber fractions, multielemental and isotopic composition of a tropical C 4 grass grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. PeerJ 2019; 7:e5932. [PMID: 30809426 PMCID: PMC6385687 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil has the largest commercial herd of ruminants with approximately 211 million head, representing 15% of world's beef production, in an area of 170 million hectares of grasslands, mostly cultivated with Brachiaria spp. Although nutrient reduction due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has already been verified in important crops, studies evaluating its effects on fiber fractions and elemental composition of this grass genus are still scarce. Therefore, a better understanding of the effects of elevated CO2 on forage quality can elucidate the interaction between forage and livestock production and possible adaptations for a climate change scenario. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentrations on biomass production, morphological characteristics, fiber fractions, and elemental composition of Brachiaria decumbens (cv. Basilisk). METHODS A total of 12 octagonal rings with 10 m diameter were distributed in a seven-ha coffee plantation and inside each of them, two plots of 0.25 m2 were seeded with B. decumbens (cv. Basilisk) in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment facility. Six rings were kept under natural conditions (≈390 μmol mol-1 CO2; Control) and other six under pure CO2 flux to achieve a higher concentration (≈550 μmol mol-1 CO2; Elevated CO2). After 30 months under contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentration, grass samples were collected, and then splitted into two portions: in the first, whole forage was kept intact and in the second portion, the leaf, true stem, inflorescence and senescence fractions were manually separated to determine their proportions (%). All samples were then analyzed to determine the fiber fractions (NDF, hemicellulose, ADF, cellulose, and Lignin), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) contents and N isotopic composition. RESULTS Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration did not influence biomass productivity, average height, leaf, stem, senescence and inflorescence proportions, and fiber fractions (p > 0.05). Calcium content of the leaf and senescence portion of B. decumbens were reduced under elevated atmospheric CO2 (p < 0.05). Despite no effect on total C and N (p > 0.05), lower C:N ratio was observed in the whole forage grown under elevated CO2 (p < 0.05). The isotopic composition was also affected by elevated CO2, with higher values of δ15N in the leaf and stem portions of B. decumbens (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION Productivity and fiber fractions of B. decumbens were not influenced by CO2 enrichment. However, elevated CO2 resulted in decreased forage Ca content which could affect livestock production under a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adibe L. Abdalla Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura—Laboratório de Ciclagem de Nutrientes, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovani T. Costa Junior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura—Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo M.T. Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura—Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amin Soltangheisi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura—Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adibe L. Abdalla
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura—Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ghini
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariúna, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa C. Piccolo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura—Laboratório de Ciclagem de Nutrientes, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Freitas DS, Terry SA, Ribeiro RS, Pereira LGR, Tomich TR, Machado FS, Campos MM, Corrêa PS, Abdalla AL, Maurício RM, Chaves AV. Unconventional Vegetable Oils for a Reduction of Methanogenesis and Modulation of Ruminal Fermentation. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:201. [PMID: 30234132 PMCID: PMC6133986 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of vegetable oils from plants grown in Brazil, first using the in vitro batch culture, and then evaluating the oil with methane (CH4) reducing potential in an in vivo experiment. The in vitro experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design using the seven contrasting oils. Treatments consisted of a control and 3 increasing concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 5% v/v) of oil added to a tifton 85 hay samples. All vegetable oils linearly decreased (P < 0.01) gas production after 24 h of incubation, with the greatest reduction when 5% of oil was included into the diet. Açaí and buriti had no effect of CH4 (% or mL/g DM incubated) however carrot, macaúba, basil, passionflower, and pequi oil all linearly decreased (P < 0.01) CH4 production with increasing inclusion rate of oil. Pequi oil resulted in the largest decrease in CH4 production (mL/g DM incubated) after 24 h of in vitro incubation. The objective of the in vivo experiment was to evaluate the effects of pequi oil on nutrient digestibility, CH4 production, and rumen fermentation parameters in wethers fed a hay-based diet. The experiment was conducted as a 2 × 2 Latin Square design using 4 Dorper wethers (63.4 ± 1.46 kg body weight). There were 2 experimental periods of 21 d each, with d 1-14 used for diet adaptation and d 15-21 for measurements and collections. The treatments consisted of a control diet and pequi oil fed at 70 g per animal per day. The addition of pequi oil to the diet had no effect on feed intake or the digestibility of nutrients, however there was a numerical decrease in the population of cellulolytic bacteria. There was a tendency (P = 0.06) for pequi oil addition to decrease CH4 production (g/d) by 17.5%. From this study, we can conclude that pequi oil may be used as a suitable oil for reducing CH4 production from ruminants, with no negative effects on intake or digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Freitas
- Bioengineering Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Stephanie A Terry
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rafael S Ribeiro
- Bioengineering Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia S Corrêa
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rogério M Maurício
- Bioengineering Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Alexandre V Chaves
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zabré G, Kaboré A, Bayala B, Katiki LM, Costa-Júnior LM, Tamboura HH, Belem AMG, Abdalla AL, Niderkorn V, Hoste H, Louvandini H. Comparison of the in vitro anthelmintic effects of Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:44. [PMID: 29173278 PMCID: PMC5703060 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major threat to small ruminant rearing in the Sahel area, where farmers traditionally use bioactive plants to control these worms, including Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana. The main aim of this study was to screen the potential anthelmintic properties of aqueous and acetone extracts of leaves of these two plants based on three in vitro assays: (1) the egg hatch inhibition assay (EHA); (2) the larvae exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) using Haemonchus contortus as a model; and (3) an adult mortality test (AMT) applied on Caenorhabditis elegans. For the EHA, only A. raddiana was effective with IC50 = 1.58 mg/mL for aqueous extract, and IC50 = 0.58 mg/mL for acetonic extract. For the LEIA, all extracts inhibited the exsheathment of larvae compared to the controls, and the aqueous extract of A. nilotica was more larvicidal with IC50 = 0.195 mg/mL. In general, all responses to the substances were dose-dependent and were significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05). For the AMT, the extracts of the two Acacia species were effective but A. raddiana showed greater efficacy with 100% mortality at 2.5 mg/mL and LC50 = 0.84 mg/mL (acetonic extract). The addition of polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) to the extracts suggested that tannins were responsible for blocking egg eclosion and inducing adult mortality but were not responsible for exsheathment inhibition. These results suggest that the leaves of these Acacia species possess ovicidal and larvicidal activities in vitro against H. contortus, and adulticidal effects against C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Zabré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animales-DPA/INERA, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso - Université de Ouagadougou / UFR-SVT, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Kaboré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animales-DPA/INERA, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso
| | - Balé Bayala
- Université de Ouagadougou / UFR-SVT, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Luciana M Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia (SAA, APTA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, Nova Odessa, SP, cep 13460-000, Brazil
| | | | - Hamidou H Tamboura
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animales-DPA/INERA, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso
| | - Adrien M G Belem
- Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 3770 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, NAPTSA, CP 96, CEP 13.400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vincent Niderkorn
- UMR1213 Herbivores, INRA - Clermont-Ferrand, Vetagro Sup, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Hervé Hoste
- UMR IHAP 1225 INRA/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, NAPTSA, CP 96, CEP 13.400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Lopes SG, Barros LBG, Louvandini H, Abdalla AL, Costa Junior LM. Effect of tanniniferous food from Bauhinia pulchella on pasture contamination with gastrointestinal nematodes from goats. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:102. [PMID: 26911140 PMCID: PMC4765232 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tannin-rich plants have been examined as an alternative for controlling the gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. In vivo assays typically examine the anthelmintic activity in female fecundity and/or the adult worm burden, without considering other life-cycle stages or the impact on pasture contamination. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of tanniniferous food from Bauhinia pulchella in goats and the potential impact on pasture contamination with the infective larval stage of gastrointestinal nematodes. FINDINGS Sixteen cross breed Boer goats that were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were fed tanniniferous concentrate from the leaves of B. pulchella and compared to a separate paddock of control animals without condensed tannin supplementation. A range of parasite characteristics were monitored throughout the 63 days of experimentation, including faecal egg count (FEC), egg hatching and relative numbers of hatched helminth larvae on herbage. Worm free tracer animals were used to assess the infective larval stage load of the contaminated pasture. The tanniniferous food did not reduce the combined FEC values, but egg hatching was significantly affected (p < 0.05). The pasture grazed by goats fed with tanniniferous food from B. pulchella showed reduced contamination through infective larval stages. Tracer goats maintained in paddocks grazed with animals fed with tanniniferous food had lower numbers of Trichostrongylus colubriformis than did those in the control group (86 % reduction). CONCLUSIONS Condensed tannin from B. pulchella showed anthelmintic activity, affected egg viability and reduced pasture contamination, which led to the reduced infection of the animals by T. colubriformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana G Lopes
- Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo-Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Picos, Piauí, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Lilyan B G Barros
- Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Livio M Costa Junior
- Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
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10
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Brigide P, Ataide TDR, Canniatti-Brazaca SG, Baptista AS, Abdalla AL, Filho VFN, Piedade SMS, Bueno NB, Sant'Ana AEG. Iron bioavailability of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intrinsically labeled with (59)Fe. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:260-5. [PMID: 24815815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A radiobioassay was performed in rats with or without iron depletion to evaluate the iron bioavailability of diets enriched with common beans and with "multimixture", a nutritional supplement based on parts of foods that are not usually eaten. The full-body (59)Fe level was determined after 5h, the absorbed (59)Fe level was determined after 48 h, and the amount of (59)Fe retained was determined after 7 days. Iron bioavailability was assessed by the full-body radioactivity of the animals, determined using a solid scintillation detector. The iron bioavailability of common beans was higher in the iron-depleted animals (55.7%) than in the non-depleted animals (25.12%) because of the higher absorption rate in the iron-depleted animals. The multimixture did not influence dietary iron bioavailability. In addition, the iron bioavailability of common beans was similar to that observed in the standard source of iron for Wistar rats. Hence, common beans may be considered an adequate dietary iron source because of its high bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Brigide
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/ ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Caixa postal 9, CEP13418900, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
| | - Terezinha da R Ataide
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Universitário A.C Simões, 57072-970, Maceió/ AL, Brazil.
| | - Solange G Canniatti-Brazaca
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/ ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Caixa postal 9, CEP13418900, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
| | - Antônio S Baptista
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/ ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Caixa postal 9, CEP13418900, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, CENA/USP, Av. Centenário, 303, Caixa Postal 96, CEP 13416-000, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
| | - Virgílio F Nascimento Filho
- Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, CENA/USP, Av. Centenário, 303, Caixa Postal 96, CEP 13416-000, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
| | - Sônia M S Piedade
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/ ESALQ/USP, Av. Centenário, 303, Caixa Postal 96, CEP 13416-000, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
| | - Nassib B Bueno
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Universitário A.C Simões, 57072-970, Maceió/ AL, Brazil.
| | - Antônio E G Sant'Ana
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Recursos Naturais (LPqRN). Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Universitário A.C Simões, 57072-970, Maceió/ AL, Brazil
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El-Zaiat HM, Araujo RC, Soltan YA, Morsy AS, Louvandini H, Pires AV, Patino HO, Correa PS, Abdalla AL. Encapsulated nitrate and cashew nut shell liquid on blood and rumen constituents, methane emission, and growth performance of lambs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2214-24. [PMID: 24663200 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate can be a source of NPN for microbial growth at the same time that it reduces ruminal methane production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 encapsulated nitrate products used as urea replacers on blood and rumen constituents, methane emission, and growth performance of lambs. Eighteen Santa Inês male lambs (27 ± 4.9 kg) were individually allotted to indoor pens and assigned to a randomized complete block design with 6 blocks and 3 dietary treatments: control (CTL) = 1.5% urea, ENP = 4.51% encapsulated nitrate product (60.83% NO3(-) in the product DM), and ENP+CNSL = 4.51% ENP containing cashew nut shell liquid (60.83% NO3(-) and 2.96% cashew nut shell liquid [CNSL] in the product DM). Diets were isonitrogenous with 60:40 concentrate:forage (Tifton 85 hay) ratio. The experiment lasted for 92 d and consisted of 28 d for adaptation (a weekly 33% stepwise replacement of CTL concentrate by nitrate-containing concentrates) and 64 d for data collection. The ENP and ENP+CNSL showed greater (P < 0.05) red blood cell counts than CTL. Blood methemoglobin (MetHb) did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments, with mean values within normal range and remaining below 1.1% of total hemoglobin. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in total short-chain fatty acids concentration at 3 h postfeeding for ENP, with an additional increase (P < 0.05) observed for ENP+CNSL. No treatment effects (P > 0.05) were observed on acetate to propionate ratio. Methane production (L/kg DMI) was reduced (P < 0.05) with nitrate inclusion, recording 28.6, 19.1, and 19.5 L/kg DMI for CTL, ENP, and ENP+CNSL, respectively. Addition of CNSL did not result (P > 0.05) in further reduction of methane production when compared with ENP. Final BW, DMI, ADG, and feed efficiency were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. Values for DMI were 1.11, 1.03, and 1.04 kg/d and for ADG were 174, 154, and 158 g for CTL, ENP, and ENP+CNSL, respectively. In conclusion, encapsulated nitrate products showed no risks of toxicity based on MetHb formation. The products persistently reduced methane production without affecting performance. Inclusion of cashew nut shell liquid in the product formulation had no additional benefits on methane mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M El-Zaiat
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Agronomy, Animal Science Department, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Soltan YA, Morsy AS, Sallam SM, Lucas RC, Louvandini H, Kreuzer M, Abdalla AL. Contribution of condensed tannins and mimosine to the methane mitigation caused by feedingLeucaena leucocephala. Arch Anim Nutr 2013; 67:169-84. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2013.801139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Morsy AS, Abdalla AL, Soltan YA, Sallam SMA, El-Azrak KEDM, Louvandini H, Alencar SM. Effect of Brazilian red propolis administration on hematological, biochemical variables and parasitic response of Santa Inês ewes during and after flushing period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 45:1609-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Brigide P, Ataide TR, Baptista AS, Canniatti-Brazaca SG, Abdalla AL, Nascimento Filho VF, Piedade SMS, Sant'ana AEG. Bioavailability of iron in the regional basic diet (RBD) with dietary supplement in Brazil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 140:53-65. [PMID: 20387003 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of the regional basic diet (RBD) determines a state of malnutrition found in the low-income population of Northeastern Brazil. A dietary supplement known as multimixture has been used as an alternative source of iron in food for the prevention and/or treatment of anemia and for the recovery from malnutrition. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the bioavailability of iron in the RBD supplemented with multimixture in iron-depleted and non-depleted Wistar rats. To produce iron depletion in the animals, pretest depletion diets without iron and the pretest control diet based on the AIN-93 diet were used for 8 weeks. This phase was followed by the test diets: control, AIN-93 extrinsically labeled with (59)FeCl(3); RBD, containing carioca beans intrinsically labeled with (59)Fe; and RBDMM, RBD plus multimixture, supplied in a single meal. Hemoglobin concentration, weight gain, and dietary intake were determined in the pretest phase. Iron bioavailability was determined by the determination of total-body radiation in the animals for 7 days, using a solid scintillation detector. The hemoglobin concentration, weight gain, and dietary intake were greater in the non-depleted animals than in the iron-depleted ones. The iron bioavailability of the diets did not differ significantly. It was concluded that the multimixture did not affect the bioavailability of Fe contained in the beans of the RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Brigide
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Recursos Naturais (LPqRN), Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Universitário A.C Simões, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
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15
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Bueno IC, Vitti DM, Louvandini H, Abdalla AL. A new approach for in vitro bioassay to measure tannin biological effects based on a gas production technique. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Rodrigues RR, Gennari SM, Guerra JL, Contieri MB, Abdalla AL, Vitti DMSS. Histopathological changes during experimental infections of calves withCooperia punctata. J Helminthol 2007; 78:167-71. [PMID: 15153289 DOI: 10.1079/joh2003217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEleven male two-month-old Holstein calves were used to determine the pathological changes induced by aCooperia punctatainfection. After weaning, ten calves received a single oral dose of 45,000C. punctatainfective larvae. One calf remained as a non-infected control. Groups of two calves were killed on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 post-infection (p.i.) for determination of worm burdens and histopathological evaluation. The small intestine was sub-divided into three sections of approximately equal length, and representative samples of mucosa were fixed in 10% formalin, cut, and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Samples of intestinal contents and mucosal digests were taken and fixed in 10% formalin for an estimation of total worm burdens. An increase in the number of adult parasites and a decrease in the number of larvae were observed with time (P<0.001). A higher concentration of worms was found in the first segment of the small intestine during the five weeks of observation. Histology showed larvae in the intestinal mucosa on day 7 p.i., with a discrete increase in the cellular response. Adult worms and a marked cellular infiltrate with eosinophils and neutrophils were present on day 21 p.i., and these persisted until day 35 p.i. Microcysts resulting from worm destruction were observed from day 21 p.i.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Rodrigues
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Avenida Centenário 303, CEP 13.400-970, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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17
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Cenci FB, Louvandini H, McManus CM, Dell'Porto A, Costa DM, Araújo SC, Minho AP, Abdalla AL. Effects of condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii on sheep infected naturally with gastrointestinal helminthes. Vet Parasitol 2006; 144:132-7. [PMID: 17067741 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of tannins on endoparasite control in hair sheep was investigated using 20 entire lambs of the Santa Inês breed. At the beginning of the experiment these animals were 6-months old and weighed 22.5kg+/-4.7. The treatments used were (10 animals each): GT (animals receiving 18g of Acácia negra containing 18% of condensed tannin/animal/week) and GC (animals not receiving tannin). The experiment lasted 84 days, with animals kept on an Andropogon gayanus pasture. Faeces were collected weekly, with weighing and blood collection carried out fortnightly. At slaughter, the adult worms were harvested for identification and counting. Although the GT animals weighed more than the GC lambs at slaughter, these differences were not significant (P>0.05). In general, the values for haemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, urea, phosphorus and calcium in the serum were within normal levels and no significant differences between groups were observed. For faecal egg count (FEC), lower values were observed throughout the experiment in the group receiving tannin, but these differences were only significant in the eighth week. There was a lower output of eggs by regression for GT compared with GC (P<0.05). The species identified, in decreasing order of worm count, were: Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Cooperia sp., Strongyloides papillosus, Trichuris globulosa and Moniezia expansa. The total worm count and number of each species of worm were lower for GT compared with GC for T. colubriformis and Cooperia sp. (P<0.05). Condensed tannin (CT) from A. negra had an antiparasitic effect, thereby representing an alternative for worm control in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Cenci
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, CP 04508, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
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18
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Bricarello PA, Amarante AFT, Rocha RA, Cabral Filho SL, Huntley JF, Houdijk JGM, Abdalla AL, Gennari SM. Influence of dietary protein supply on resistance to experimental infections with Haemonchus contortus in Ile de France and Santa Ines lambs. Vet Parasitol 2005; 134:99-109. [PMID: 16098676 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2004] [Revised: 03/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep fed with a moderate and high protein content diet was evaluated in two breeds of sheep. Forty-eight Ile de France and Santa Ines lambs were maintained indoors since birth, in worm-free conditions. The lambs were allocated after weaning in four groups of six animals per breed, which were either infected or remain uninfected and given access to either a moderately or highly metabolizable protein diet. The moderately and highly metabolizable protein diets were calculated to supply 75 and 129 g metabolizable protein per kg of dry matter (MP/kg DM), respectively. The infection consisted of a trickle infection with 300 infective larvae, three times a week, for 12 weeks. Significant differences were observed for mast cell, globule leukocyte and eosinophil counts in the abomasal mucosa of the infected groups compared to the control of both breeds (P<0.05), regardless of the diet supplied. Significantly higher IgA anti-L5 antibody was detected in the infected Santa Ines groups than in the infected Ile de France groups (P<0.05). Increased metabolizable protein supply resulted in larger body weight gain and higher packed cell volumes for both breeds (P<0.05). Both breeds showed an increased ability to withstand the pathophysiological effects of H. contortus infection when given access to the highly metabolizable protein diet. However, increased metabolizable protein supply resulted in reduced worm burdens in Santa Ines lambs but not in the Ile de France lambs (P<0.05). The present results show that the increase in protein content in growing lamb diets may benefit resistance and resilience to gastrointestinal parasites but that these benefits may vary among breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Bricarello
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Schulin-Zeuthen M, Lopes JB, Kebreab E, Vitti DMSS, Abdalla AL, Haddad MD, Crompton LA, France J. Effects of phosphorus intake on phosphorus flow in growing pigs: Application and comparison of two models. J Theor Biol 2005; 236:115-25. [PMID: 16005305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A comparison of the models of Vitti et al. (2000, J. Anim. Sci. 78, 2706-2712) and Fernández (1995c, Livest. Prod. Sci. 41, 255-261) was carried out using two data sets on growing pigs as input. The two models compared were based on similar basic principles, although their aims and calculations differed. The Vitti model employs the rate:state formalism and describes phosphorus (P) flow between four pools representing P content in gut, blood, bone and soft tissue in growing goats. The Fernández model describes flow and fractional recirculation between P pools in gut, blood and bone in growing pigs. The results from both models showed similar trends for P absorption from gut to blood and net retention in bone with increasing P intake, with the exception of the 65 kg results from Date Set 2 calculated using the Fernández model. Endogenous loss from blood back to gut increased faster with increasing P intake in the Fernández than in the Vitti model for Data Set 1. However, for Data Set 2, endogenous loss increased with increasing P intake using the Vitti model, but decreased when calculated using the Fernández model. Incorporation of P into bone was not influenced by intake in the Fernández model, while in the Vitti model there was an increasing trend. The Fernández model produced a pattern of decreasing resorption in bone with increasing P intake, with one of the data sets, which was not observed when using the Vitti model. The pigs maintained their P homeostasis in blood by regulation of P excretion in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulin-Zeuthen
- Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada
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Vitti DM, Kebreab E, Lopes JB, Abdalla AL, De Carvalho FF, De Resende KT, Crompton LA, France J. A kinetic model of phosphorus metabolism in growing goats. J Anim Sci 2000; 78:2706-12. [PMID: 11048937 DOI: 10.2527/2000.78102706x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of increasing phosphorus (P) intake on P utilization was investigated in balance experiments using 12 Saanen goats, 4 to 5 mo of age and weighing 20 to 30 kg. The goats were given similar diets with various concentrations of P, and 32P was injected to trace the movement of P in the body. A P metabolism model with four pools was developed to compute P exchanges in the system. The results showed that P absorption, bone resorption, and excretion of urinary P and endogenous and fecal P all play a part in the homeostatic control of P. Endogenous fecal output was positively correlated to P intake (P < .01). Bone resorption of P was not influenced by intake of P, and P recycling from tissues to the blood pool was lesser for low P intake. Endogenous P loss occurred even in animals fed an inadequate P diet, resulting in a negative P balance. The extrapolated minimum endogenous loss in feces was .067 g of P/d. The minimum P intake for maintenance in Saanen goats was calculated to be .61 g of P/d or .055 g of P/(kg(.75) x d) at 25 kg BW. Model outputs indicate greater P flow from the blood pool to the gut and vice versa as P intake increased. Intake of P did not significantly affect P flow from bone and soft tissue to blood. The kinetic model and regressions could be used to estimate P requirement and the fate of P in goats and could also be extrapolated to both sheep and cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Vitti
- Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Abdalla AL, Louvandini H, Bueno IC, Vitti DM, Meirelles CF, Gennari SM. Constraints to milk production in grazing dairy cows in Brazil and management strategies for improving their productivity. Prev Vet Med 1999; 38:217-30. [PMID: 10081801 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5877(98)00127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Productivity in most Brazilian dairy herds is low and depends exclusively on pasture. To study the productive potential of pastures and to devise strategies to further improve pasture and animal productivity in this production system, studies were carried out to obtain basic on-farm information. The constraints which affect productivity and reproductive performance of dairy cows, the effects of restrictions in suckling time of calves, and strategic supplementation during the dry season upon animal production were the evaluated parameters. From March 1992 through February 1997, studies were carried out on four private farms in the northern region of the State of São Paulo. Between March 1992 and February 1994 (Study 1--survey phase), 142 cows (parity = 1-6) grazed pasture which consisted of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria brizanta). Once-a-month data were collected on body weight, body condition, and milk production. Reproduction parameters were assessed by milk progesterone profiles. From March 1996 to February 1997 (Study 2--intervention phase), 45 lactating dairy cows from two farms were hand-milked once a day and the calf suckling was restricted to two hours after milking. Data were collected on milk production and cow body weight. In Study 1, cows were grouped by calving date for the analysis of the reproductive and production data. Concentrations of blood metabolites, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were compared among randomly selected cows (n = 69) from all farms. Estimated pasture available per hectare (ha) at any time, crude protein (CP), and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of pasture available for grazing differed (p < 0.05) between seasons [pasture available = 1.2, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.2 t/ha (SE = 0.70); CP = 42, 60, 48 and 57 g/kg (DM) (SE = 10.1); DMD = 399, 468, 401 and 457 g/kg (DM) (SE = 21), respectively, for dry season 1992 (D92), wet season 1992 (W92), dry season 1993 (D93), and wet season 1993 (W93)]. The proportion of animals showing ovarian activity at 90 days postpartum (DPP) was higher for cows which calved in the wet season than cows which calved in the dry season. In Study 2, milk production tended to the higher (7.3 and 6.5 kg/day, respectively, for the intervention and survey studies; p = 0.08). The data suggest that milk production is being limited by pasture availability, the quality of pasture, and the lack of supplementation. We suggest that, although supplementing cows in the dry period may have an economic advantage, better pasture management needs to be introduced. Stocking rate must be adapted to pasture productivity and pasture quality throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Abdalla
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gennari SM, Abdalla AL, Vitti DM, Meirelles CF, Lopes RS, Bressan MC. Haemonchus placei in calves: effects of dietary protein and multiple experimental infection on worm establishment and pathogenesis. Vet Parasitol 1995; 59:119-26. [PMID: 7483235 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)00741-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of dietary protein and immunisation on parasite establishment and pathogenesis of Haemonchus placei in calves. Four groups of 4-6-month-old worm-free calves (n = 4) were given a low protein diet (LP) containing 213 g crude protein (CP) per head per day or a high-protein diet (HP) containing 469 g per head per day CP. Five weeks later, calves in one of the two groups of each dietary treatment were given 50,000 H. placei infective larvae (L3). Twenty-five days later, infection in these groups was terminated by dosing with oxfendazole. This immunisation process was repeated 4 days later. Four days after termination of the second immunisation all calves were challenged with 100,000 L3. Five weeks later, all calves were slaughtered for abomasal worm counts. Worm establishment was lower in the immunised groups; however, only the HP-I group showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05). All calves gained weight during the first 13 week period, and after challenge the non-immunised groups lost weight, independent of the level of protein in the diet (P < 0.05). Packed cell volume values for all treatments only dropped after challenge (P < 0.05) and the HP-immunised group presented values significantly higher when compared with the other treatments. All calves were hypoproteinaemic and hypoalbuminaemic at the end of the experiment, regardless of the treatment. Immunised calves showed a normocytic normochromic anaemia, while the non-immunised groups presented a microcytic normochromic anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gennari
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (VPS/USP), Brazil
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