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Segú H, Jalševac F, Sierra-Cruz M, Feliu F, Movassat J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay MT. Assessing the impact of insect protein sources on intestinal health and disease: insights from human ex vivo and rat in vivo models. Food Funct 2024; 15:4552-4563. [PMID: 38584501 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of edible insects, specifically Alphitobius diaperinus and Tenebrio molitor, as sustainable sources of protein for human consumption is an emerging field. However, research into their effects on intestinal health, especially in relation to inflammation and permeability, remains limited. Using ex vivo and in vivo models of intestinal health and disease, in this study we assess the impact of the above insects on intestinal function by focusing on inflammation, barrier dysfunction and morphological changes. Initially, human intestinal explants were exposed to in vitro-digested extracts of these insects, almond and beef. Immune secretome analysis showed that the inflammatory response to insect-treated samples was comparatively lower than it was for samples exposed to almond and beef. Animal studies using yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and buffalo (Alphitobius diaperinus) flours were then used to evaluate their safety in healthy rats and LPS-induced intestinal dysfunction rats. Chronic administration of these insect-derived flours showed no adverse effects on behavior, metabolism, intestinal morphology or immune response (such as inflammation or allergy markers) in healthy Wistar rats. Notably, in rats subjected to proinflammatory LPS-induced intestinal dysfunction, T. molitor consumption did not exacerbate symptoms, nor did it increase allergic responses. These findings validate the safety of these edible insects under healthy conditions, demonstrate their innocuity in a model of intestinal dysfunction, and underscore their promise as sustainable and nutritionally valuable dietary protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Segú
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Florijan Jalševac
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Feliu
- Servei de Gastroenterologia, Institut Sanitari Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Benaiges E, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Guaita S, Maymó-Masip E, Madeira A, Gómez D, Hernández V, Vilaseca I, Merma C, León X, Terra X, Vendrell J, Avilés-Jurado FX, Fernández-Veledo S. Survivin/BIRC5 as a novel molecular effector at the crossroads of glucose metabolism and radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 38305029 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming and abnormal glucose metabolism are hallmarks of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Certain oncogenes can promote cancer-related metabolic changes, but understanding their crosstalk in HNSCC biology and treatment is essential for identifying predictive biomarkers and developing target therapies. METHODS We assessed the value of survivin/BIRC5 as a radioresistance factor potentially modulated by glucose for predicting therapeutic sensitivity and prognosis of HNSCC in a cohort of 32 patients. Additionally, we conducted in vitro experiments to explore the role of survivin/BIRC5 in glucose metabolism concerning radiation response. RESULTS Tumoral BIRC5 expression is associated with serum glucose and predicts locoregional disease-free survival and lower BIRC5 mRNA levels are associated with better outcomes. Upregulation of BIRC5 by radiation depends on glucose levels and provokes a pro-tumoral and radioresistant phenotype in surviving cells. CONCLUSIONS Survivin/BIRC5 might be independently associated with the risk of recurrence in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Benaiges
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Grup de Recerca en Diabetis i Malalties Metabòliques Associades (DIAMET), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Grup de Recerca en Diabetis i Malalties Metabòliques Associades (DIAMET), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Guaita
- Departament d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymó-Masip
- Grup de Recerca en Diabetis i Malalties Metabòliques Associades (DIAMET), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Madeira
- Grup de Recerca en Diabetis i Malalties Metabòliques Associades (DIAMET), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gómez
- Servei d'Oncologia Radioteràpica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Victor Hernández
- Servei d'Oncologia Radioteràpica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Isabel Vilaseca
- Head neck tumors Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Surgical Area, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Merma
- Servei d'Otorrinolaringologia i Cirurgia de Cap i Coll, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Servei d'Otorrinolaringologia i Cirurgia de Cap i Coll, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBERBBN)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- UVIC-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Grup de Recerca MoBioFood, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Grup de Recerca en Diabetis i Malalties Metabòliques Associades (DIAMET), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Head neck tumors Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d'Otorrinolaringologia i Cirurgia de Cap i Coll, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Grup de Recerca en Diabetis i Malalties Metabòliques Associades (DIAMET), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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León X, Bagué S, Holgado A, Quer M, Terra X, Camacho M, Avilés-Jurado FX. Relationship between transcriptional expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase and local control of disease in patients with oral cavity carcinomas. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2023; 74:372-378. [PMID: 37730160 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The altered cellular metabolism is one of the hallmarks of the cancer cells, favoring the process of aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is one of the elements involved in this metabolic process. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between the transcriptional expression of PDHB and the risk of local recurrence in patients with oral cavity carcinomas. METHODS We determined the transcriptional expression of PDHB in biopsies from 41 patients with oral cavity carcinomas treated with surgery. The PDHB expression was categorized according to the local control of the disease with a recursive partitioning analysis. RESULTS During the follow-up period 13 patients (31.7%) had a local recurrence of the tumor. Considering local disease control as the dependent variable, the recursive partitioning analysis classified the patients in two categories according to high (n=16, 39.0%) or low (n=25, 61.0%) PDHB expression. Five-year local recurrence-free survival for patients with high PDHB expression was 84.8% (95% CI: 65.2-100%), and for patients with low expression it was 54.3% (95% CI: 34.3-74.2 %) (P=0.034). The results of multivariate analysis showed that patients with a low PDHB expression had a 4.90 times higher risk of local recurrence of the tumor (95% CI: 1.02-22.68, P=0.042). CONCLUSION There is a relationship between the metabolic characteristics of the tumor and its aggressiveness. According to our results, patients with oral cavity carcinomas with low transcriptional expression levels of PDHB have a significantly higher risk of local tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; UVIC, Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bagué
- Pathology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Holgado
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Quer
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute Hospital Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc-Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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Descamps-Solà M, Vilalta A, Jalsevac F, Blay MT, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Ardévol A. Bitter taste receptors along the gastrointestinal tract: comparison between humans and rodents. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1215889. [PMID: 37712001 PMCID: PMC10498470 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1215889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) were thought to be located only in the mouth and to serve as sensors for nutrients and harmful substances. However, in recent years Tas2r have also been reported in extraoral tissues such as the skin, the lungs, and the intestine, where their function is still uncertain. To better understand the physiological role of these receptors, in this paper we focused on the intestine, an organ in which their activation may be similar to the receptors found in the mouth. We compare the relative presence of these receptors along the gastrointestinal tract in three main species of biomedical research (mice, rats and humans) using sequence homology. Current data from studies of rodents are scarce and while more data are available in humans, they are still deficient. Our results indicate, unexpectedly, that the reported expression profiles do not always coincide between species even if the receptors are orthologs. This may be due not only to evolutionary divergence of the species but also to their adaptation to different dietary patterns. Further studies are needed in order to develop an integrated vision of these receptors and their physiological functionality along the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, MoBioFood Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, MoBioFood Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
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5
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Miguéns-Gómez A, Sierra-Cruz M, Blay MT, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. GSPE Pre-Treatment Exerts Long-Lasting Preventive Effects against Aging-Induced Changes in the Colonic Enterohormone Profile of Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097807. [PMID: 37175514 PMCID: PMC10177949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact that healthy aging can have on society has raised great interest in understanding aging mechanisms. However, the effects this biological process may have on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have not yet been fully described. Results in relation to changes observed in the enteroendocrine system along the GIT are controversial. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) have been shown to protect against several pathologies associated with aging. Based on previous results, we hypothesized that a GSPE pre-treatment could prevent the aging processes that affect the enteroendocrine system. To test this hypothesis, we treated 21-month-old female rats with GSPE for 10 days. Eleven weeks after the treatment, we analyzed the effects of GSPE by comparing these aged animals with young animals. Aging induced a greater endocrine response to stimulation in the upper GIT segments (cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)), a decrease in the mRNA abundance of GLP-1, peptide YY (PYY) and chromogranin A (ChgA) in the colon, and an increase in colonic butyrate. GSPE-treated rats were protected against a decrease in enterohormone expression in the colon. This effect is not directly related to the abundance of microbiome or short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) at this location. GSPE may therefore be effective in preventing a decrease in the colonic abundance of enterohormone expression induced by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
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Miguéns‐Gómez A, Sierra‐Cruz M, Segú H, Beltrán‐Debón R, Rodríguez‐Gallego E, Terra X, Blay MT, Pérez‐Vendrell AM, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Administration of Alphitobius diaperinus or Tenebrio molitor before meals transiently increases food intake through enterohormone regulation in female rats. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1660-1667. [PMID: 36324158 PMCID: PMC10099498 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been previously shown that acutely administered insect Alphitobius diaperinus protein increases food intake in rats and modifies the ex vivo enterohormone secretory profile differently than beef or almond proteins. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether these effects could be maintained for a longer period and determine the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We administered two different insect species to rats for 26 days and measured food intake at different time points. Both insect species increased food intake in the first week, but the effect was later lost. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin were measured in plasma and ex vivo, and no chronic effects on their secretion or desensitization were found. Nevertheless, digested A. diaperinus acutely modified GLP-1 and ghrelin secretion ex vivo. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increases in food intake could be explained by a local ghrelin reduction acting in the small intestine. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miguéns‐Gómez
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Marta Sierra‐Cruz
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Helena Segú
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Raúl Beltrán‐Debón
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Esther Rodríguez‐Gallego
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Maria Teresa Blay
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | | | - Montserrat Pinent
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaMoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
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Miguéns-Gómez A, Sierra-Cruz M, Pérez-Vendrell AM, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Differential effects of a cafeteria diet and GSPE preventive treatments on the enterohormone secretions of aged vs. young female rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:10491-10500. [PMID: 36148543 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed derived procyanidins (GSPE) have been shown to effectively prevent intestinal disarrangements induced by a cafeteria diet in young rats. However, little is known about the effects of procyanidins and cafeteria diet on enterohormone secretion in aged rats, as the ageing processes modify these effects. To study these effects in aged rats, we subjected 21-month-old and young 2-month-old female rats to two sub-chronic preventive GSPE treatments. After three months of cafeteria diet administration, we analysed the basal and stimulated secretion and mRNA expression of CCK, PYY and GLP-1, caecal SCFA and intestinal sizes. We found that the effects of a cafeteria diet on the basal duodenal CCK secretion are age dependent. GLP-1 in the ileum was not modified regardless of the rat's age, and GSPE preventive effects differed in the two age groups. GSPE pre-treatment reduced GLP-1, PYY and ChgA in mRNA in aged ileum tissue, while the cafeteria diet increased these in aged colon. The GSPE treatments only modified low-abundance SCFAs. The cafeteria diet in aged rats increases the caecum size differently from that in young rats and GSPE pre-treatment prevents this increase. Therefore, ageing modifies nutrient sensing, and the cafeteria diet acts mainly on the duodenum and colon, while procyanidins have a larger effect on the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Maria Pérez-Vendrell
- Monogastric Nutrition, Centre Mas de Bover, IRTA, Ctra. Reus-El Morell Km 3.8, 43120 Constantí, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Bagué S, León X, Terra X, Lejeune M, Camacho M, Avilés‐Jurado F. Prognostic capacity of the transcriptional expression of lactate dehydrogenase A in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2022; 44:2505-2512. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.27161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bagué
- Pathology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Madrid Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades Tarragona Spain
| | - Marylène Lejeune
- Pathology Department, Plataforma de Estudios Histológicos, Citológicos y de Digitalización, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), URV Tortosa Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Genomics of Complex Diseases Research Institute Hospital Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Francesc‐Xavier Avilés‐Jurado
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d´investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili URV Tarragona Spain
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9
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Accardo F, Miguéns-Gómez A, Lolli V, Faccini A, Ardévol A, Terra X, Caligiani A, Pinent M, Sforza S. Molecular composition of lipid and protein fraction of almond, beef and lesser mealworm after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and correlation with the hormone-stimulating properties of the digesta. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Miguéns-Gómez A, Sierra-Cruz M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Blay MT, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Effect of an Acute Insect Preload vs. an Almond Preload on Energy Intake, Subjective Food Consumption and Intestinal Health in Healthy Young Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071463. [PMID: 35406076 PMCID: PMC9002463 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient, and its effect on satiety and food intake is source-dependent. For the first time, we compared the effect of the administration of an insect or almond preload, both containing 20 g of protein, on appetite and food intake in human subjects. Participants consumed both foods and a vehicle as a liquid preload on three separate days. They were then offered a breakfast and lunch buffet meal at which food intake was measured. Visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires were completed following the three preloads to assess appetite and other sensations. At breakfast, reduced energy intake was observed for both preloads compared with vehicle. At lunch, food intake only differed in the insect group, which consumed more than the vehicle. Insect preload increased the total amount of protein ingested with a slight increase in total energy consumed, differently than almond, which significantly increased total protein and energy consumed. There was no correlation between indigestion-sensation ratings and food intake. Moreover, the insect preload resulted in lower sleepiness and tiredness ratings compared with the almond preload. Thus, insect-derived protein may be suitable as a safe ingredient for snacks intended for elderly or infirm patients who require increased protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977559566
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (M.S.-C.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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11
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Bou R, Navarro-Vozmediano P, Domínguez R, López-Gómez M, Pinent M, Ribas-Agustí A, Benedito JJ, Lorenzo JM, Terra X, García-Pérez JV, Pateiro M, Herrera-Cervera JA, Jorba-Martín R. Application of emerging technologies to obtain legume protein isolates with improved techno-functional properties and health effects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2200-2232. [PMID: 35340098 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current demand of consumers for healthy and sustainable food products has led the industry to search for different sources of plant protein isolates and concentrates. Legumes represent an excellent nonanimal protein source with high-protein content. Legume species are distributed in a wide range of ecological conditions, including regions with drought conditions, making them a sustainable crop in a context of global warming. However, their use as human food is limited by the presence of antinutritional factors, such as protease inhibitors, lectins, phytates, and alkaloids, which have adverse nutritional effects. Antitechnological factors, such as fiber, tannins, and lipids, can affect the purity and protein extraction yield. Although most are removed or reduced during alkaline solubilization and isoelectric precipitation processes, some remain in the resulting protein isolates. Selection of appropriate legume genotypes and different emerging and sustainable facilitating technologies, such as high-power ultrasound, pulsed electric fields, high hydrostatic pressure, microwave, and supercritical fluids, can be applied to increase the removal of unwanted compounds. Some technologies can be used to increase protein yield. The technologies can also modify protein structure to improve digestibility, reduce allergenicity, and tune technological properties. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the use of emerging technologies to obtain high-purity protein isolates and the effects on techno-functional properties and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Bou
- Food Safety and Functionality Program, IRTA, Monells, Spain
| | - Paola Navarro-Vozmediano
- Grupo ASPA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - José J Benedito
- Grupo ASPA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain.,Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - José V García-Pérez
- Grupo ASPA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
| | - José A Herrera-Cervera
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Jorba-Martín
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
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12
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Grau-Bové C, Grau-Bové X, Terra X, Garcia-Vallve S, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltran-Debón R, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Functional and genomic comparative study of the bitter taste receptor family TAS2R: Insight into the role of human TAS2R5. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22175. [PMID: 35107858 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101128rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bitterness is perceived in humans by 25 subtypes of bitter taste receptors (hTAS2R) that range from broadly tuned to more narrowly tuned receptors. hTAS2R5 is one of the most narrowly tuned bitter taste receptors in humans. In this study, we review the literature on this receptor and show there is no consensus about its role. We then compare the possible role of hTAS2R5 with that of the proteins of the TAS2R family in rat, mouse, and pig. A phylogenetic tree of all mammalian TAS2R domain-containing proteins showed that human hTAS2R5 has no ortholog in pig, mouse, or rat genomes. By comparing the agonists that are common to hTAS2R5 and other members of the family, we observed that hTAS2R39 is the receptor that shares most agonists with hTAS2R5. In mouse, some of these agonists activate mTas2r105 and mTas2r144, which are distant paralogs of hTAS2R5. mTas2r144 seems to be the receptor that is most similar to hTAS2R5 because they are both activated by the same agonists and have affinities in the same range of values. Then, we can conclude that hTAS2R5 has a unique functional specificity in humans as it is activated by selective agonists and that its closest functional homolog in mouse is the phylogenetically distant mTas2r144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Grau-Bové
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Grau-Bové
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santi Garcia-Vallve
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltran-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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13
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Jalševac F, Terra X, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltran-Debón R, Blay MT, Pinent M, Ardévol A. The Hidden One: What We Know About Bitter Taste Receptor 39. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:854718. [PMID: 35345470 PMCID: PMC8957101 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.854718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thousands of years of evolution, animals have developed many ways to protect themselves. One of the most protective ways to avoid disease is to prevent the absorption of harmful components. This protective function is a basic role of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), a G protein-coupled receptor family, whose presence in extraoral tissues has intrigued many researchers. In humans, there are 25 TAS2Rs, and although we know a great deal about some of them, others are still shrouded in mystery. One in this latter category is bitter taste receptor 39 (TAS2R39). Besides the oral cavity, it has also been found in the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems. TAS2R39 is a relatively non-selective receptor, which means that it can be activated by a range of mostly plant-derived compounds such as theaflavins, catechins and isoflavones. On the other hand, few antagonists for this receptor are available, since only some flavones have antagonistic properties (all of them detailed in the document). The primary role of TAS2R39 is to sense the bitter components of food and protect the organism from harmful compounds. There is also some indication that this bitter taste receptor regulates enterohormones and in turn, regulates food intake. In the respiratory system, it may be involved in the congestion process of allergic rhinitis and may stimulate inflammatory cytokines. However, more thorough research is needed to determine the precise role of TAS2R39 in these and other tissues.
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14
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Quer-Castells M, Gonzalez-Sanchez N, Remacha J, Terra X, Fernandez-Veledo S, Vilaseca I, Aviles-Jurado F. P-99 SUCNR1 and SDHA Gene Expression in Tumoral Tissue Is Associated with Locoregional Disease-Free Survival. Oral Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(21)00386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Costa-Gonzalez JM, Sumarroca A, Sansa A, Venegas MDP, Valero C, Pardo L, Avilés-Jurado FX, Terra X, Quer M, León X. P-19 The aspartate aminotransaminase/alanine aminotransaminase (De Ritis) ratio predicts sensitivity to radiotherapy in head and neck carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(21)00308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Pujol-Vilà L, Ruiz-Sevilla L, Rojas-Lechuga L, Terra X, Vilaseca I, Fernandez-Veledo S, Avilés-Jurado F. P-98 SUCNR1/SDHA Profiles as Predictors of HNSCC Prognosis. Oral Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(21)00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sanchez NG, Remacha J, Quer-Castells M, Gonzalez IV, Terra X, Aviles FX. P-34 Insulin resistance as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in patients with Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck. Oral Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(21)00322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Sierra-Cruz M, Miguéns-Gómez A, Grau-Bové C, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Blay M, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Terra X, Beltrán-Debón R. Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Reverts Obesity-Related Metabolic Derangements in Aged Female Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062059. [PMID: 34208508 PMCID: PMC8234113 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing are current issues of global concern. Adaptive homeostasis is compromised in the elderly, who are more likely to suffer age-related health issues, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The current worldwide prevalence of obesity and higher life expectancy call for new strategies for treating metabolic disorders. Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is reported to be effective in ameliorating these pathologies, especially in young animal models. In this study, we aimed to test the effectiveness of GSPE in modulating obesity-related pathologies in aged rats fed an obesogenic diet. To do so, 21-month-old rats were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (cafeteria diet) for 11 weeks. Two time points for GSPE administration (500 mg/kg body weight), i.e., a 10-day preventive GSPE treatment prior to cafeteria diet intervention and a simultaneous GSPE treatment with the cafeteria diet, were assayed. Body weight, metabolic parameters, liver steatosis, and systemic inflammation were analysed. GSPE administered simultaneously with the cafeteria diet was effective in reducing body weight, total adiposity, and liver steatosis. However, the preventive treatment was effective in reducing only mesenteric adiposity in these obese, aged rats. Our results confirm that the simultaneous administration of GSPE improves metabolic disruptions caused by the cafeteria diet also in aged rats.
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19
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Terra X, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Merma C, Benaiges E, Bosch R, Castillo P, Flores JC, León X, Valduvieco I, Basté N, Cámara M, Lejeune M, Gumà J, Vendrell J, Vilaseca I, Fernández-Veledo S, Avilés-Jurado FX. Succinate Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Potential as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071653. [PMID: 33916314 PMCID: PMC8037494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Emerging evidence points to succinate as an important oncometabolite in cancer development; however, the contribution of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis to cancer progression remains unclear. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with disease and treatment-related morbidity so there is an urgent need for innovation in treatment and diagnosis practices. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of the succinate-related pathway as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HNSCC. The circulating succinate levels are increased in HNSCC, being a potential noninvasive biomarker for HNSCC diagnosis. Moreover, the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) and genes related to succinate metabolism, which are predominantly expressed in the tumoral mucosa as compared with healthy tissue, are positively associated with plasma succinate. Remarkably, we found that SUCNR1 and SDHA expression levels predict prognosis. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by high rates of mortality and treatment-related morbidity, underscoring the urgent need for innovative and safe treatment strategies and diagnosis practices. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to the accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as succinate, which function as oncometabolites. In addition to its role in cancer development through epigenetic events, succinate is an extracellular signal transducer that modulates immune response, angiogenesis and cell invasion by activating its cognate receptor SUCNR1. Here, we explored the potential value of the circulating succinate and related genes in HNSCC diagnosis and prognosis. We determined the succinate levels in the serum of 66 pathologically confirmed, untreated patients with HNSCC and 20 healthy controls. We also surveyed the expression of the genes related to succinate metabolism and signaling in tumoral and nontumoral adjacent tissue and in normal mucosa from 50 patients. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of SUCNR1 in mucosal samples. The results showed that the circulating levels of succinate were higher in patients with HNSCC than in the healthy controls. Additionally, the expression of SUCNR1, HIF-1α, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) A, and SDHB was higher in the tumor tissue than in the matched normal mucosa. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in SUCNR1 protein expression in tumoral and nontumoral adjacent tissue. High SUCNR1 and SDHA expression levels were associated with poor locoregional control, and the locoregional recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high SUCNR1 and SDHA expression than in their peers with lower levels (77.1% [95% CI: 48.9–100.0] vs. 16.7% [95% CI: 0.0–44.4], p = 0.018). Thus, the circulating succinate levels are elevated in HNSCC and high SUCNR1/SDHA expression predicts poor locoregional disease-free survival, identifying this oncometabolite as a potentially valuable noninvasive biomarker for HNSCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (V.C.-M.); (E.B.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Merma
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Insitut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (C.M.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Ester Benaiges
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (V.C.-M.); (E.B.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Ramon Bosch
- Pathology Department, Plataforma de Estudios Histológicos, Citológicos y de Digitalización, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), URV, 43500 Tortosa, Spain; (R.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Paola Castillo
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joan Carles Flores
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Insitut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (C.M.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN, MICINN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Izaskun Valduvieco
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Neus Basté
- Oncology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marina Cámara
- Maxillofacial Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marylène Lejeune
- Pathology Department, Plataforma de Estudios Histológicos, Citológicos y de Digitalización, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), URV, 43500 Tortosa, Spain; (R.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Josep Gumà
- Oncology Department, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (V.C.-M.); (E.B.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Isabel Vilaseca
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, UB, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Head Neck Clínic, Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), 2017-SGR-01581 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (V.C.-M.); (E.B.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.F.-V.); (F.X.A.-J.)
| | - Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, UB, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Head Neck Clínic, Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), 2017-SGR-01581 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.F.-V.); (F.X.A.-J.)
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Grau-Bové C, Ginés I, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Blay MT, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Glucagon Shows Higher Sensitivity than Insulin to Grapeseed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) Treatment in Cafeteria-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041084. [PMID: 33810265 PMCID: PMC8066734 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine pancreas plays a key role in metabolism. Procyanidins (GSPE) targets β-cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing cells; however, there is no information on the effects of GSPE on glucagon. We performed GSPE preventive treatments administered to Wistar rats before or at the same time as they were fed a cafeteria diet during 12 or 17 weeks. We then measured the pancreatic function and GLP-1 production. We found that glucagonemia remains modified by GSPE pre-treatment several weeks after the treatment has finished. The animals showed a higher GLP-1 response to glucose stimulation, together with a trend towards a higher GLP-1 receptor expression in the pancreas. When the GSPE treatment was administered every second week, the endocrine pancreas behaved differently. We show here that glucagon is a more sensitive parameter than insulin to GSPE treatments, with a secretion that is highly linked to GLP-1 ileal functionality and dependent on the type of treatment.
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21
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Sansa A, Venegas MDP, Valero C, Pardo L, Avilés-Jurado FX, Terra X, Quer M, León X. The aspartate aminotransaminase/alanine aminotransaminase (De Ritis) ratio predicts sensitivity to radiotherapy in head and neck carcinoma patients. Head Neck 2021; 43:2091-2100. [PMID: 33675096 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) ratio and local disease control in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) treated with radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. METHODS We calculated the pre-treatment AST/ALT ratio in 670 patients with HNSCC treated with radiotherapy (n = 309, 46.1%) or chemoradiotherapy (n = 361, 53.9%). RESULTS Five-year local recurrence-free survival for patients with a low AST/ALT ratio value (n = 529, 79.0%) was 75.0% (95% CI: 71.1-78.9), and for patients with a high value (n = 141, 21.0%) it was 53.4% (CI 95: 44.4-62.4) (p = 0.0001). In a multivariable analysis, patients with a high ratio had nearly twice the risk of having a local tumor recurrence (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.42-2.75, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The AST/ALT ratio was independently associated with the risk of local recurrence in patients with HNSCC treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Sansa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - María Del Prado Venegas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Valero
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pardo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc-Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Grau-Bové C, Sierra-Cruz M, Miguéns-Gómez A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Blay M, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. A Ten-Day Grape Seed Procyanidin Treatment Prevents Certain Ageing Processes in Female Rats over the Long Term. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123647. [PMID: 33260866 PMCID: PMC7759988 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis declines with age and this leads to, among other things, the appearance of chronic age-related pathologies such as cancer, neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Grape seed-derived procyanidins (GSPE) have been shown to be effective against several of these pathologies, mainly in young animal models. Here we test their effectiveness in aged animals: 21-month-old female rats were treated with 500 mg GSPE/kg of body weight for ten days. Afterwards they were kept on a chow diet for eleven weeks. Food intake, body weight, metabolic plasma parameters and tumor incidence were measured. The GSPE administered to aged rats had an effect on food intake during the treatment and after eleven weeks continued to have an effect on visceral adiposity. It prevented pancreas dysfunction induced by ageing and maintained a higher glucagon/insulin ratio together with a lower decrease in ketonemia. It was very effective in preventing age-related tumor development. All in all, this study supports the positive effect of GSPE on preventing some age-related pathologies.
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23
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Avilés-Jurado FX, Muñoz C, Meler C, Flores JC, Gumà J, Benaiges E, Mora J, Camacho M, León X, Vilaseca I, Terra X. Circulating microRNAs modulating glycolysis as non-invasive prognostic biomarkers of HNSCC. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:1585-1594. [PMID: 32737645 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of prognostic non-invasive biomarkers is a priority for cancer patients' care. Circulating microRNA (miRNAs) have been described in numerous human malignancies as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic cancer biomarkers. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression profile of a set of miRNAs, involved in the modulation of the glycolytic pathway, as prognostic factors in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). METHODS Serum samples of 54 patients with untreated HNSCC were obtained at the time of diagnosis. The prognostic value of circulating miR-26b, miR-124, miR-155 and miR-375 was evaluated towards disease-free survival. RESULTS We found that there were optimal miRNAs cut-off values for lower risk of recurrence in HNSCC patients. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that higher levels of miR-26b and lower levels of miR-155 were associated with better disease-free survival rates. In the multivariate analysis, patients with serum miR-26b > 0.062 and miR-155 < 0.159 presented more than 2.9 times lower risk of poor outcome. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that two miRNAs that modulate the glycolytic pathway, miR-26b and miR-155, are independently associated with the risk of recurrence in patients with HNSCC. The overall results in this study supports the evidence that the glucose homeostasis may be a target to improve the outcomes for patients with HNSCC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Individual retrospective cohort study (2b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya, 2017-SGR-01581, Barcelona, Spain. .,Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Muñoz
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Meler
- Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. .,Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Flores
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Gumà
- Oncology Department, Intsitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Benaiges
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josefina Mora
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute Hospital Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN, MICINN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Vilaseca
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya, 2017-SGR-01581, Barcelona, Spain.,Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-Res), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), Madrid, Spain.,MoBioFood Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Casanova-Martí À, González-Abuín N, Serrano J, Blay MT, Terra X, Frost G, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Long Term Exposure to a Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Enhances L-Cell Differentiation in Intestinal Organoids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000303. [PMID: 32613679 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE A grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) interacts at the intestinal level, enhancing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) release, which modulate appetite and glucose homeostasis. Thus, enhancing L-cell numbers could be a strategy to promote hormone production, providing a potential strategy for obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice ileum organoids are used to evaluate the long-term effects of GSPE and two of its main components, epicatechin (EC) and gallic acid (GA), on intestinal differentiation. Hormone levels are determined using RIA and ELISA kits, and gene expression of transcription factors involved in intestinal cell differentiation, as well as markers of different cell types, are assessed by real-time qPCR. GSPE upregulates enterohormone gene expression and content, as well as the pan-endocrine marker chromogranin A. GSPE also modulates the temporal gene expression profile of early and late transcription factors involved in L-cell differentiation. Furthermore, GSPE upregulates goblet cell (Muc2) and enterocyte (sucraseisomaltase) markers, while downregulating stem cell markers (Lgr5+). Although EC and GA modified enterohormone release, they do not reproduce GSPE effects on transcription factor's profile. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the potential role of GSPE in promoting enteroendocrine differentiation, effect that is not mediated by EC or GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Casanova-Martí
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Noemi González-Abuín
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Gary Frost
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Grau-Bové C, González-Quilen C, Terra X, Blay MT, Beltrán-Debón R, Jorba-Martín R, Espina B, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Effects of Flavanols on Enteroendocrine Secretion. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060844. [PMID: 32492958 PMCID: PMC7355421 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some beneficial effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) can be explained by the modulation of enterohormone secretion. As GSPE comprises a combination of different molecules, the pure compounds that cause these effects need to be elucidated. The enterohormones and chemoreceptors present in the gastrointestinal tract differ between species, so if humans are to gain beneficial effects, species closer to humans-and humans themselves-must be used. We demonstrate that 100 mg/L of GSPE stimulates peptide YY (PYY) release, but not glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release in the human colon. We used a pig ex vivo system that differentiates between apical and basolateral intestinal sides to analyse how apical stimulation with GSPE and its pure compounds affects the gastrointestinal tract. In pigs, apical GSPE treatment stimulates the basolateral release of PYY in the duodenum and colon and that of GLP-1 in the ascending, but not the descending colon. In the duodenum, luminal stimulation with procyanidin dimer B2 increased PYY secretion, but not CCK secretion, while catechin monomers (catechin/epicatechin) significantly increased CCK release, but not PYY release. The differential effects of GSPE and its pure compounds on enterohormone release at the same intestinal segment suggest that they act through chemosensors located apically and unevenly distributed along the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Grau-Bové
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
| | - Carlos González-Quilen
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
| | - M. Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
| | - Raul Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
| | - Rosa Jorba-Martín
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Espina
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-755-9566
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
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González-Quilen C, Grau-Bové C, Jorba-Martín R, Caro-Tarragó A, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Blay MT. Protective properties of grape-seed proanthocyanidins in human ex vivo acute colonic dysfunction induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:79-88. [PMID: 32189068 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective properties have been attributed to proanthocyanidins in the context of intestinal dysfunction, however little information is available about the impact of these phytochemicals on intestinal barrier integrity and immune response in the human. Here we assessed the putative protective properties of a grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute dysfunction of the human colon in an Ussing chamber system. METHODS Human proximal and distal colon tissues from colectomized patients were submitted ex vivo for a 30-min preventive GSPE treatment (50 or 200 µg mL-1) followed by 1-h incubation with DSS (12% w v-1). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), permeation of a fluorescently-labeled dextran (FD4) and proinflammatory cytokine release [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β] of colonic tissues were determined. RESULTS DSS reduced TEER (45-52%) in both the proximal and distal colon; however, significant increments in FD4 permeation (fourfold) and TNF-α release (61%) were observed only in the proximal colon. The preventive GSPE treatment decreased DSS-induced TEER loss (20-32%), FD4 permeation (66-73%) and TNF-α release (22-33%) of the proximal colon dose-dependently. The distal colon was not responsive to the preventive treatment but showed a reduction in IL-1β release below basal levels with the highest GSPE concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate potential preventive effects of GSPE on human colon dysfunction. Further studies are required to test whether administering GSPE could be a complementary therapeutic approach in colonic dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Quilen
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carme Grau-Bové
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Jorba-Martín
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l'Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aleidis Caro-Tarragó
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l'Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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González-Quilen C, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay MT, Terra X. Health-Promoting Properties of Proanthocyanidins for Intestinal Dysfunction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E130. [PMID: 31906505 PMCID: PMC7019584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is constantly exposed to potentially harmful environmental factors, including food components and bacterial endotoxins. When intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are compromised (intestinal dysfunction), inflammatory conditions may develop and impact overall health. Evidence from experimental animal and cell culture studies suggests that exposure of intestinal mucosa to proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich plant products, such as grape seeds, may contribute to maintaining the barrier function and to ameliorating the pathological inflammation present in diet-induced obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we aim to update the current knowledge on the bioactivity of PACs in experimental models of intestinal dysfunction and in humans, and to provide insights into the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (X.T.)
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, D’Addario C, Falconi A, Bellia F, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R. Long-Lasting Effects of GSPE on Ileal GLP-1R Gene Expression Are Associated with a Hypomethylation of the GLP-1R Promoter in Female Wistar Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120865. [PMID: 31842341 PMCID: PMC6995503 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to modulate GLP-1 in obesity. GLP-1 induces some of its effects through the intestinal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), though no data exist on how flavonoids affect this receptor. Here, we examine how a dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) with anti-obesity activity affects intestinal GLP-1R and analyze whether epigenetics play a role in the long-lasting effects of GSPE. We found that 10-day GSPE administration prior to the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R mRNA in the ileum 17 weeks after the GSPE treatment. This was associated with a hypomethylation of the GLP-1R promoter near the region where the SP1 transcription factor binds. In the colon, the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R without showing any GSPE effect. In conclusion, we have identified long-lasting GSPE effects on GLP-1R gene expression in the ileum that are partly mediated by hypomethylation at the gene promoter and may affect the SP1 binding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Claudio D’Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-9566; Fax: +34-977-55-8232
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Serrano J, Casanova-Marti À, Lobato M, Terra X, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Proanthocyanidins Limit Adipose Accrual Induced by a Cafeteria Diet, Several Weeks after the End of the Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080598. [PMID: 31398921 PMCID: PMC6723337 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dose of proanthocyanidins with satiating properties proved to be able to limit body weight increase several weeks after administration under exposure to a cafeteria diet. Here we describe some of the molecular targets and the duration of the effects. We treated rats with 500 mg grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE)/kg BW for ten days. Seven or seventeen weeks after the last GSPE dose, while animals were on a cafeteria diet, we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the mRNA of the key energy metabolism enzymes from the liver, adipose depots and muscle. We found that a reduction in the expression of adipose Lpl might explain the lower amount of adipose tissue in rats seven weeks after the last GSPE dose. The liver showed increased expression of Cpt1a and Hmgs2 together with a reduction in Fasn and Dgat2. In addition, muscle showed a higher fatty oxidation (Oxct1 and Cpt1b mRNA). However, after seventeen weeks, there was a completely different gene expression pattern. At the conclusion of the study, seven weeks after the last GSPE administration there was a limitation in adipose accrual that might be mediated by an inhibition of the gene expression of the adipose tissue Lpl. Concomitantly there was an increase in fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngela Casanova-Marti
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Lobato
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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González-Quilen C, Gil-Cardoso K, Ginés I, Beltrán-Debón R, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Terra X, Blay MT. Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidins are Able to Reverse Intestinal Dysfunction and Metabolic Endotoxemia Induced by a Cafeteria Diet in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050979. [PMID: 31035432 PMCID: PMC6567002 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological doses of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in reversing intestinal barrier alterations and local inflammation in female Wistar rats fed a long-term obesogenic diet. Animals were fed a 17-week cafeteria diet (CAF diet), supplemented with daily GSPE doses (100 or 500 mg kg−1 body weight) during the final two weeks. CAF diet enhanced the intestinal permeation of an orally administered marker (ovalbumin, OVA) and increased the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in 2–3-fold. Ex vivo Ussing chamber assays showed a 55–70% reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased the TNF-α secretions in both small and large intestinal sections with a 25-fold increment in the ileum. Ileal tissues also presented a 4-fold increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Both GSPE-treatments were able to restitute TEER values in the ileum and colon and to reduce plasma LPS to basal levels without a dose-dependent effect. However, effects on the OVA permeation and TNF-α secretion were dose and section-specific. GSPE also reduced ileal MPO activity and upregulated claudin 1 gene expression. This study provides evidence of the efficacy of GSPE-supplementation ameliorating diet-induced intestinal dysfunction and metabolic endotoxemia when administered at the end of a long-term obesogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Quilen
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Terra X, Blay MT, Pérez-Vendrell AM, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Target the Enteroendocrine System in Cafeteria-Diet-Fed Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800912. [PMID: 30980498 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects on the enteroendocrine system of three different grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) treatments are analyzed in rats on a cafeteria diet for 17 weeks. METHODS AND RESULTS GSPE is administered in a corrective manner (15 last days of the cafeteria diet) at two doses, 100 and 500 mg GSPE per kg bw. A third, longer treatment in which GSPE (500 mg kg-1 bw) is administered daily every other week during the 17 weeks of the cafeteria diet is also tested. Most GSPE treatments lead to ghrelin accumulation in the stomach, limited CCK secretion in the duodenum, and increased GLP-1 and PYY mRNA in colon. GSPE also increases cecal hypertrophy and reduces butyrate content. When the treatment is administered daily every other week during 17 weeks, there is also an increase in colon size. These effects are accompanied by a reduced food intake at the end of the experiment when GSPE is administered at 500 mg GSPE kg-1 during the last 15 days, but not on the other treatments, despite an observed reduction in body weight in the longer treatment. CONCLUSION GSPE modulates the enteroendocrine system in models in which it also reduces food intake or body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - MTeresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Gil-Cardoso K, Comitato R, Ginés I, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Virgili F, Terra X, Blay M. Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidins in a Rat Model of Mild Intestinal Inflammation and Impaired Intestinal Permeability Induced by LPS. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800720. [PMID: 30656830 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal dysfunction consists of a defective barrier function, which allows the influx of luminal endotoxins, thus causing intestinal inflammation. Proanthocyanidins are natural bioactive compounds that could modulate intestinal dysfunction. This study analyzes the protective effects of proanthocyanidins in a rat model of intestinal dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the preventive effects of both high dietary (75 mg kg-1 body weight) and pharmacological (375 mg kg-1 body weight) oral doses of proanthocyanidins (GSPE), rat intestinal dysfunction is induced with LPS (i.p.). In vivo intestinal permeability (ovalbumin [OVA] assay) and systemic inflammation and endotoxemia (TNF-α and LPS plasma levels) are assessed. Intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress are determined using myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. Ileal gene expression of permeability/inflammatory genes is analyzed. LPS administration induces intestinal permeability, inflammation, and oxidative stress. GSPE normalizes in vivo OVA levels. In the small intestine, the GSPE treatment decreases MPO and COX-2 activities; modulates the ileum inflammatory and permeability proteins gene expression; and in the large intestine, prevents increase of ROS levels. CONCLUSIONS Proanthocyanidins, at nutritional and pharmacological doses, prevents endotoxin-induced-intestinal inflammation, permeability, and oxidative stress in rats differentially in each intestinal section. Proanthocyanidins are nutritional-therapeutic novel candidates for preventing intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Raffaella Comitato
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Roma, 00178, Italy
| | - Iris Ginés
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Mayte Blay
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Robles P, Arola L, Terra X, Blay M, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Novel ex Vivo Experimental Setup to Assay the Vectorial Transepithelial Enteroendocrine Secretions of Different Intestinal Segments. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11622-11629. [PMID: 30148363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The enteroendocrine system coordinates gastrointestinal (GI) tract functionality and the whole organism. However, the scarcity of enteroendocrine cells and their scattered distribution make them difficult to study. Here, we glued segments of the GI wall of pigs to a silicon tube, keeping the apical and the basolateral sides separate. The fact that there was less than 1% of 70-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran on the basolateral side proved that the gluing was efficient. Since the lactate dehydrogenase leakage at basolateral side was lower than 0.1% (1.40 ± 0.17 nKatals) it proved that the tissue was viable. The intestinal barrier function was maintained as it is in segments mounted in Ussing chambers (the amount of Lucifer Yellow crossing it, was similar between them; respectively, % LY, 0.48 ± 0.13; 0.52 ± 0.09; p > 0.05). Finally, apical treatments with two different extract produced differential basolateral enterohormone secretions (basolateral PYY secretion vs control; animal extract, 0.35 ± 0.16; plant extract, 2.5 ± 0.74; p < 0.05). In conclusion, we report an ex vivo system called "Ap-to-Bas" for assaying vectorial transepithelial processes that makes it possible to work with several samples at the same time. It is an optimal device for enterohormone studies in the intestine.
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Gil-Cardoso K, Ginés I, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay M, Terra X. The co-administration of proanthocyanidins and an obesogenic diet prevents the increase in intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia derived to the diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:35-42. [PMID: 30245181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of Westernized diets leads to hyperphagia and obesity, as well as intestinal alterations. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the administration of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) at different time points on the modulation of intestinal barrier function (intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia), in rats with high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet-induced obesity. Animals were fed a cafeteria diet (CAF) supplemented with a preventive (PRE-CAF) or simultaneously intermittent (SIT-CAF) GSPE treatment (500 mg/kg bw). Changes in the plasma levels of an orally administered marker of intestinal permeability (ovalbumin, OVA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed after animals were fed the obesogenic diet for 8, 12 and 17 weeks. In addition, ex vivo variations in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), the expression of tight junction (TJ) genes and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the small and large intestines were monitored at the end of the experiment. The CAF diet increased OVA, LPS, MPO and TNF-α levels, accompanied by decreased TEER values in the small and large intestines. Interestingly, both GSPE treatments prevented these detrimental effects of the CAF diet, being the SIT-CAF group the most effective after 17 weeks of diet intervention. For the first time, this study provides evidence of the ameliorative effect of a proanthocyanidin extract, administered before or together with an obesogenic diet, on barrier dysfunction, as measured by intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
| | - Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
| | - Mayte Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo 1. PC, 43007, Tarragona. Spain
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Olona A, Terra X, Ko JH, Grau-Bové C, Pinent M, Ardevol A, Diaz AG, Moreno-Moral A, Edin M, Bishop-Bailey D, Zeldin DC, Aitman TJ, Petretto E, Blay M, Behmoaras J. Epoxygenase inactivation exacerbates diet and aging-associated metabolic dysfunction resulting from impaired adipogenesis. Mol Metab 2018; 11:18-32. [PMID: 29656108 PMCID: PMC6001407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When molecular drivers of healthy adipogenesis are perturbed, this can cause hepatic steatosis. The role of arachidonic acid (AA) and its downstream enzymatic cascades, such as cyclooxygenase, in adipogenesis is well established. The exact contribution of the P450 epoxygenase pathway, however, remains to be established. Enzymes belonging to this pathway are mainly encoded by the CYP2J locus which shows extensive allelic expansion in mice. Here we aimed to establish the role of endogenous epoxygenase during adipogenesis under homeostatic and metabolic stress conditions. METHODS We took advantage of the simpler genetic architecture of the Cyp2j locus in the rat and used a Cyp2j4 (orthologue of human CYP2J2) knockout rat in two models of metabolic dysfunction: physiological aging and cafeteria diet (CAF). The phenotyping of Cyp2j4-/- rats under CAF was integrated with proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and lipidomics (LC-MS) analyses in the liver and the adipose tissue. RESULTS We report that Cyp2j4 deletion causes adipocyte dysfunction under metabolic challenges. This is characterized by (i) down-regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) PPARγ and C/EBPα, (ii) adipocyte hypertrophy, (iii) extracellular matrix remodeling, and (iv) alternative usage of AA pathway. Specifically, in Cyp2j4-/- rats treated with a cafeteria diet, the dysfunctional adipogenesis is accompanied by exacerbated weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, and dysregulated gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AA epoxygenases are essential regulators of healthy adipogenesis. Our results uncover their synergistic role in fine-tuning AA pathway in obesity-mediated hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ximena Terra
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jeong-Hun Ko
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carme Grau-Bové
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardevol
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia Diaz
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Matthew Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Mayte Blay
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Casanova-Martí À, Serrano J, Portune KJ, Sanz Y, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Grape seed proanthocyanidins influence gut microbiota and enteroendocrine secretions in female rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:1672-1682. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo02028g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An 8-day treatment of GSPE changed the microbiota composition, and several microbiota taxa correlated with metabolic parameters and enterohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Casanova-Martí
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Kevin J. Portune
- Microbial Ecology
- Nutrition & Health Research Unit. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology
- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC)
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology
- Nutrition & Health Research Unit. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology
- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC)
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - M. Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
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Serrano J, Casanova-Martí À, Blay MT, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Strategy for limiting food intake using food components aimed at multiple targets in the gastrointestinal tract. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Avilés-Jurado FX, Flores JC, Gumà J, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Casanova-Marqués R, Gómez D, Vendrell JJ, León X, Vilaseca I, Terra X. Prognostic relevance of insulin resistance on disease-free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Preliminary results. Head Neck 2017; 39:2501-2511. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department; Hospital Clínic; Barcelona Catalonia
- HJ23 Otolaryngology Disease Research Group; Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Joan Carles Flores
- HJ23 Otolaryngology Disease Research Group; Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Catalonia Spain
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department; Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep Gumà
- Oncology Department; IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus; Catalonia Spain
| | | | | | - David Gómez
- Radiation Oncology Department; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus; Catalonia Spain
| | - Joan Josep Vendrell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
- Endocrinology Department; Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Catalonia Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN, MICINN, ISCIII); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Isabel Vilaseca
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department; Hospital Clínic; Barcelona Catalonia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-Res); Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group; Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Campus Sescel·lades, Tarragona Spain
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Casanova-Martí À, Serrano J, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Acute selective bioactivity of grape seed proanthocyanidins on enteroendocrine secretions in the gastrointestinal tract. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1321347. [PMID: 28659730 PMCID: PMC5475339 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1321347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Enteroendocrine cells respond to food components by secreting an array of hormones that regulate several functions. We have previously shown that grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) modulate GLP-1 levels. Objective: To deepen on the knowledge of the mechanisms used by GSPE to increase GLP-1, and extend it to its role at modulation of other enterohormones. Design: We used an ex vivo system to test direct modulation of enterohormones; STC-1 cells to test pure phenolic compounds; and rats to test the effects at different gastrointestinal segments. Results: GSPE compounds act at several locations along the gastrointestinal tract modulating enterohormone secretion depending on the feeding condition. GSPE directly promotes GLP-1 secretion in the ileum, while unabsorbed/metabolized forms do so in the colon. Such stimulation requires the presence of glucose. GSPE enhanced GIP and reduced CCK secretion; gallic acid could be partly responsible for this effect. Conclusions: The activity of GSPE modulating enterohormone secretion may help to explain its effects on metabolism. GSPE acts through several mechanisms; its compounds and their metabolites are GLP-1 secretagogues in ileum and colon, respectively. In vivo GLP-1 secretion might also be mediated by indirect pathways involving modulation of other enterohormones that in turn regulate GLP-1 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Casanova-Martí
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Gil-Cardoso K, Ginés I, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Arola L, Blay M, Terra X. Chronic supplementation with dietary proanthocyanidins protects from diet-induced intestinal alterations in obese rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Mayte Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
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41
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Serrano J, Casanova-Martí À, Blay M, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Defining Conditions for Optimal Inhibition of Food Intake in Rats by a Grape-Seed Derived Proanthocyanidin Extract. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100652. [PMID: 27775601 PMCID: PMC5084038 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake depends on homeostatic and non-homeostatic factors. In order to use grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) as food intake limiting agents, it is important to define the key characteristics of their bioactivity within this complex function. We treated rats with acute and chronic treatments of GSPE at different doses to identify the importance of eating patterns and GSPE dose and the mechanistic aspects of GSPE. GSPE-induced food intake inhibition must be reproduced under non-stressful conditions and with a stable and synchronized feeding pattern. A minimum dose of around 350 mg GSPE/kg body weight (BW) is needed. GSPE components act by activating the Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor because their effect is blocked by Exendin 9-39. GSPE in turn acts on the hypothalamic center of food intake control probably because of increased GLP-1 production in the intestine. To conclude, GSPE inhibits food intake through GLP-1 signaling, but it needs to be dosed under optimal conditions to exert this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Àngela Casanova-Martí
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Mayte Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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42
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Serrano J, Casanova-Martí À, Gil-Cardoso K, Blay MT, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Acutely administered grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract acts as a satiating agent. Food Funct 2016; 7:483-90. [PMID: 26514231 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Grape-seed proanthocyanidins' role as stimulators of active GLP-1 in rats suggests that they could be effective as satiating agents. Wistar rats were used to study the effects of proanthocyanidins on food intake with different doses, administration times and proanthocyanidin extract compositions. A dose of 423 mg of phenolics per kg body weight (BW) of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) was necessary to decrease the 12-hour cumulative food intake by 18.7 ± 3.4%. Proanthocyanidins were effective when delivered directly into the gastrointestinal tract one hour before, or simultaneously at the start of the feeding period. Proanthocyanidins without galloyl forms, such as those from cocoa extract, were not as effective as grape-seed derived forms. GSPE increased the portal levels of active GLP-1 and total ghrelin and decreased the CCK levels, simultaneously with a decrease in gastric emptying. In conclusion, grape-seed proanthocyanidins could be useful as a satiating agent under the conditions defined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, c/Marcel lí Domingo no. 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Àngela Casanova-Martí
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, c/Marcel lí Domingo no. 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, c/Marcel lí Domingo no. 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Blay
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, c/Marcel lí Domingo no. 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, c/Marcel lí Domingo no. 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, c/Marcel lí Domingo no. 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, c/Marcel lí Domingo no. 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Serrano J, Casanova-Martí À, Depoortere I, Blay MT, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Subchronic treatment with grape-seed phenolics inhibits ghrelin production despite a short-term stimulation of ghrelin secretion produced by bitter-sensing flavanols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2554-2564. [PMID: 27417519 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Grape-seed phenolic compounds have recently been described as satiating agents in rats when administered as a whole phenolic extract (GSPE). This satiating effect may involve the release of satiating gut hormones such as GLP-1, although a short-term increase in the orexigenic hormone ghrelin was also reported. In this study, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of GSPE in rats, focusing on the role of the main grape-seed phenolics in ghrelin secretion. METHODS AND RESULTS GSPE produced a short-term increase in plasma ghrelin in rats after an acute treatment. A mouse ghrelinoma cell line was used to test the effects of the main pure grape-seed phenolic compounds on ghrelin release. Monomeric flavanols stimulated ghrelin secretion by activating bitter taste receptors. In contrast, gallic acid (GA) and oligomeric flavanols inhibited ghrelin release. The ghrelin-inhibiting effects of GA were confirmed in rats and in rat duodenal segments. One day after the last dose of a subchronic treatment, GSPE decreased plasma ghrelin in rats, ghrelin secretion in intestinal segments, and ghrelin mRNA expression in stomach. CONCLUSION The sustained satiating effects of GSPE are related to a long-term decrease in ghrelin expression. GA and oligomeric flavanols play a ghrelin-inhibiting role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngela Casanova-Martí
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Gut Peptide Research Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Martínez-Micaelo N, González-Abuín N, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Petretto E, Behmoaras J, Blay M. Identification of a nutrient-sensing transcriptional network in monocytes by using inbred rat models on a cafeteria diet. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1231-1239. [PMID: 27483348 PMCID: PMC5087837 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic levels worldwide. The current models of diet-induced obesity in rodents use predominantly high-fat based diets that do not take into account the consumption of variety of highly palatable, energy-dense foods that are prevalent in Western society. We and others have shown that the cafeteria (CAF) diet is a robust and reproducible model of human metabolic syndrome with tissue inflammation in the rat. We have previously shown that inbred rat strains such as Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Lewis (LEW) show different susceptibilities to CAF diets with distinct metabolic and morphometric profiles. Here, we show a difference in plasma MCP-1 levels and investigate the effect of the CAF diet on peripheral blood monocyte transcriptome, as powerful stress-sensing immune cells, in WKY and LEW rats. We found that 75.5% of the differentially expressed transcripts under the CAF diet were upregulated in WKY rats and were functionally related to the activation of the immune response. Using a gene co-expression network constructed from the genes differentially expressed between CAF diet-fed LEW and WKY rats, we identified acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (Acss2) as a hub gene for a nutrient-sensing cluster of transcripts in monocytes. The Acss2 genomic region is significantly enriched for previously established metabolism quantitative trait loci in the rat. Notably, monocyte expression levels of Acss2 significantly correlated with plasma glucose, triglyceride, leptin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels as well as morphometric measurements such as body weight and the total fat following feeding with the CAF diet in the rat. These results show the importance of the genetic background in nutritional genomics and identify inbred rat strains as potential models for CAF-diet-induced obesity. Summary: Feeding with a cafeteria diet (CAF) is a reproducible model of human metabolic syndrome in the rat. By using inbred rat models of nutrigenomics, we have studied the effect of CAF on monocyte transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Noemi González-Abuín
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Ardévol
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Enrico Petretto
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre of Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mayte Blay
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
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Terra X, Gómez D, García-Lorenzo J, Flores JC, Figuerola E, Mora J, Chacón MR, Quer M, Camacho M, León X, Avilés-Jurado FX. External validation of sTWEAK as a prognostic noninvasive biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1358-63. [PMID: 26676381 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main purpose of this study was to validate the prognostic significance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using an independent cohort. METHODS Data were evaluated from 153 patients with HNSCC in stages III to IV, who received radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy. We quantified soluble TWEAK (sTWEAK) in pretreatment samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The classification tree revealed a cutoff value of 322 pg/mL for sTWEAK to be ideal for discriminating between patients' disease control. Kaplan-Meier curves indicate that the disease-free survival rate in patients with high sTWEAK was significantly higher than in patients with low levels (p = .006, log-rank test). An independent link was identified between low sTWEAK and poor clinical outcome in Cox regression multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 1.866; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.114-3.125; p = .001). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the significance of this noninvasive biomarker in the discrimination according to the disease control achieved by patients who received a nonsurgical organ-preservation treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1358-E1363, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Gómez
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Tarragona, Catalonia
| | - Jacinto García-Lorenzo
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical, Research (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Flores
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia
| | - Enric Figuerola
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia.,HJ23 Otolaryngology Disease Research Group, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia
| | - Josefina Mora
- Biochemestry Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde R Chacón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical, Research (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical, Research (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN, MICINN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia.,HJ23 Otolaryngology Disease Research Group, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia
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46
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Serrano J, Casanova-Martí À, Blay M, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Acutely administrated Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract act as a satiating agent. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Camacho M, Piñeiro Z, Alcolea S, García J, Balart J, Terra X, Avilés-Jurado FX, Soler M, Quer M, León X, Vila L. Prostacyclin-synthase expression in head and neck carcinoma patients and its prognostic value in the response to radiotherapy. J Pathol 2014; 235:125-35. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Camacho
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation; Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Zenaida Piñeiro
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation; Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Sonia Alcolea
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation; Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jacinto García
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Josep Balart
- Radiation Oncology Department; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, ISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc-Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, ISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Marta Soler
- Scientific and Technical Services Platform of the Institute of Biomedical Research (II-B Sant Pau); Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Department; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Luis Vila
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation; Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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48
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Auguet T, Guiu-Jurado E, Berlanga A, Terra X, Martinez S, Porras JA, Ceausu A, Sabench F, Hernandez M, Aguilar C, Sirvent JJ, Del Castillo D, Richart C. Downregulation of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of morbidly obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2032-8. [PMID: 24931172 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of crucial genes in fatty acid metabolism in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue samples from morbidly obese women. METHODS The VAT and SAT expression of key genes in 145 morbidly obese women (MO, BMI > 40 Kg/m(2) ) and 18 normal weight control women by RT-PCR and Western Blot was analyzed. RESULTS In SAT, the expression levels of the genes related to lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation were significantly lower in MO than in controls. In VAT, most of the lipogenic genes studied had similar expression levels in MO and control cohort. Regarding inflammation, IL6 was significantly higher in MO in both tissues whereas TNFα mRNA expression was significantly higher only in VAT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in morbidly obese patients, lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation are downregulated in SAT, whereas in VAT these pathways are almost unchanged. By contrast, inflammation is induced in both adipose tissues. It is hypothesized that, in this type of extreme obesity, SAT works to limit any further development of fat mass, decreasing the expression of lipogenic and FA oxidative genes whereas VAT depot might have lost this capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Auguet
- Grup GEMMAIR (AGAUR), Grup de Recerca en Medicina Aplicada Hospital Joan XXIII, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació de la Salut Pere Virgili (IISPV), Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Auguet T, Terra X, Hernández M, Sabench F, Porras JA, Orellana-Gavaldà JM, Llutart J, Guiu-Jurado E, Berlanga A, Martinez S, Aguilar C, Castillo DD, Richart C. Clinical and adipocytokine changes after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:188-94. [PMID: 23554365 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies report the effect of bariatric surgery on glycaemia control and prevention of type-2-diabetes in obese patients. This study is about the pathophysiological mechanisms associated to these changes. DESIGN AND METHODS Circulating levels of receptors of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-RI, TNF-RII), visfatin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and C reactive protein (CRP) in 30 morbidly obese women (body mass index, BMI>40 kg/m(2) ) and 60 normal-weight controls (BMI>25 kg/m(2) ) were analyzed. Morbidly obese were studied at three time-points: before surgery (baseline), and 6 and 12 months after. RESULTS After surgery, the levels of TNF-RI, TNF-RII, visfatin, and CRP were significantly lower than its baseline levels, whereas HMW adiponectin was higher. Fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) levels were markedly lower postoperatively. High density lipoproteins (HDL) moderately increased, and triglyceride levels had sharply decreased. The study of the predictive value of variables indicated that preoperative levels of TNF-RI and visfatin correlated positively with levels of glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and HOMA2-IR postoperatively, whereas adiponectin levels correlated negatively. Baseline CRP levels negatively linked to HDL and TNF-RII positively to triglyceride. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative profile with high levels of proinflammatory adipocytokines is linked to smaller improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid factors. The use of a range of biomarkers may predict the level of metabolic changes following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Auguet
- Grup d'Estudi de Malalties Metabòliques Associades a Insulin Resistència (GEMMAIR), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain; Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
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Terra X, Auguet T, Agüera Z, Quesada IM, Orellana-Gavaldà JM, Aguilar C, Jiménez-Murcia S, Berlanga A, Guiu-Jurado E, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F, Richart C. Adipocytokine levels in women with anorexia nervosa. Relationship with weight restoration and disease duration. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:855-61. [PMID: 23881663 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Starvation-induced depletion of fat stores in anorexia nervosa (AN) is known to be accompanied by alterations in some circulating adipocytokines. We analyzed a panel of circulating adipocytokines in women with AN compared with normal-weight controls and their relation with the disease duration and weight restoration. METHOD We analyzed circulating adipocytokine levels in 28 patients with AN and in 33 normal-weight controls who were eating healthily. We determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the circulating levels of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), leptin, tumor necrosis factor receptor-II (TNFRII), interleukin-6 (IL6), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), ghrelin, and resistin. RESULTS The two circulating forms of adiponectin are higher in AN women compared with controls. Both total and HMW adiponectin related negatively to the duration of the disease (r = -0.372, p = 0.033; r = -0.450, p = 0.038, respectively). Furthermore, the lipid binding-proteins LCN2 and FABP4 are lower in AN compared to the control group. Finally, leptin levels are lower in AN against controls and correlated positively with disease duration (r = 0.537, p = 0.007). Resistin, ghrelin, TNFRII, and IL6 have similar values in both groups, although TNFRII and ghrelin related negatively to body mass index variation at the end of treatment (r = -0.456, p = 0.039; r = -0.536, p = 0.015, respectively). DISCUSSION These results suggest there is a need to investigate if changes in adipocytokine levels could serve as weight restoration biomarkers. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the specific role of these molecules in the timing of weight restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Terra
- Grup d'estudi de malalties metabòliques associades a insulin resistència (GEMMAIR), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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