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Baudin J, Hernandez-Baixauli J, Quesada-Vázquez S, Mulero F, Puiggròs F, Arola L, Caimari A. Combined supplementation with hesperidin, phytosterols and curcumin decreases adiposity and improves metabolic health in ovariectomized rats. Food Funct 2024; 15:4905-4924. [PMID: 38598180 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent years many women have looked for alternative therapies to address menopause. Hesperidin, phytosterols and curcumin are bioactive compounds that can ameliorate some cardiovascular risk factors associated with menopause, although there are no data concerning the effects of their combined supplementation. We used ovariectomized (OVX) rats, a postmenopausal model with oestrogen deficiency, to evaluate whether supplementation with a multi-ingredient (MI) including hesperidin, phytosterols and curcumin for 57 days would display beneficial effects against fat mass accretion and metabolic disturbances associated with menopause. Twenty OVX rats were orally supplemented with either MI (OVX-MI) or vehicle (OVX). Furthermore, 10 OVX rats orally received the vehicle along with subcutaneous injections of 17β-oestradiol biweekly (OVX-E2), whereas 10 rats were sham operated and received oral and injected vehicles (control group; SH). MI supplementation partly counteracted the fat mass accretion observed in OVX animals, which was evidenced by decreased total fat mass, adiposity index, the weight of retroperitoneal, inguinal and mesenteric white adipose tissue (MWAT) depots and MWAT adipocyte hypertrophy. These effects were accompanied by a significant decrease in the circulating levels of leptin and the mRNA levels of the fatty acid uptake-related genes Lpl and Cd36 in MWAT. These results were very similar to those observed in OVX-E2 animals. OVX-MI rats also displayed a higher lean body mass, lean/fat mass ratio, adiponectin-to-leptin ratio and insulin sensitivity than their OVX counterparts. Our findings can pave the way for using this MI formulation as an alternative therapy to manage obesity and to improve the cardiometabolic health of menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Baudin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain.
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Son SE, Koh JM, Im DS. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) activation attenuates obese asthma by suppressing adiposity and resolving metaflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116509. [PMID: 38574615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Obese asthma is recognized to have different asthma phenotypes. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown beneficial effects in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) is a receptor for n-3 PUFAs. In the present study, we investigated whether FFA4 activation ameliorates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese asthma. We investigated whether FFA4 activation ameliorates obese asthma using an FFA4 agonist, compound A (CpdA), in combination with FFA4 wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) mice. Administration of an FFA4 agonist, compound A (CpdA, 30 mg/kg), suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, adiposity, and airway hypersensitivity (AHR), and increased immune cell infiltration in an FFA4-dependent manner. Histological analysis revealed that CpdA treatment suppressed HFD-induced mucus hypersecretion, inflammation, and fibrosis in an FFA4-dependent manner. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed an HFD-induced increase in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and gonadal white adipose tissue, whereas CpdA inhibited this increase in an FFA4-dependent manner. In the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, HFD induced an increase in the lung innate lymphoid cells (ILC) ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3; however, CpdA reversed this increase. In addition, HFD induced an increase in the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage population and a decrease in the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage population in the lungs, whereas CpdA treatment reversed these changes. The present study suggests that FFA4 activation may have therapeutic potential in obese asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Eun Son
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Li W, Wang W, Zhang M, Chen Q, Li F, Li S. Association of serum sclerostin levels with marrow adiposity in postmenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38679740 PMCID: PMC11056049 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids and sclerostin act as inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby hindering bone formation. Given the pathway's intricate association with mesenchymal stem cells, the hypothesis suggests that heightened sclerostin levels may be intricately linked to an augmentation in marrow adiposity induced by glucocorticoids. This study endeavored to delve into the nuanced relationship between circulating sclerostin and bone marrow adipose tissue in postmenopausal women grappling with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 103 patients with autoimmune-associated diseases underwent glucocorticoid treatment, boasting an average age of 61.3 years (standard deviation 7.1 years). The investigation encompassed a thorough assessment, incorporating medical history, anthropometric data, biochemical analysis, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of lumbar and femoral bone mineral density (BMD). Osteoporosis criteria were established at a T-score of -2.5 or lower. Additionally, MR spectroscopy quantified the vertebral marrow fat fraction. RESULTS BMD at the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine showcased an inverse correlation with marrow fat fraction (r = -0.511 to - 0.647, P < 0.001). Serum sclerostin levels exhibited a positive correlation with BMD at various skeletal sites (r = 0.476 to 0.589, P < 0.001). A noteworthy correlation emerged between circulating sclerostin and marrow fat fraction at the lumbar spine (r = -0.731, 95% CI, -0.810 to -0.627, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis brought to light that vertebral marrow fat fraction significantly contributed to sclerostin serum concentrations (standardized regression coefficient ß = 0.462, P < 0.001). Even after adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity, renal function, BMD, and the duration and doses of glucocorticoid treatment, serum sclerostin levels maintained a significant correlation with marrow fat fraction. CONCLUSIONS Circulating sclerostin levels exhibited a noteworthy association with marrow adiposity in postmenopausal women grappling with GIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Minlan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Fengyi Li
- Department of Radiology, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Radiology, Pudong New Area, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Zur Tulod J, Witman ND, Grond K, Duddleston KN, Kurtz CC. Treatment with gut-specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug attenuates metabolic inflammation but not body mass in fattening ground squirrels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R456-R464. [PMID: 37602382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00078.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The active season of hibernators corresponds to rapid adiposity in preparation for the next hibernation season. We have previously shown that this dramatic increase in adipose mass is associated with metabolic inflammation similar to what is seen in obesity and metabolic disease. We next sought to determine whether curbing this inflammation at its source (i.e., the gut) would attenuate weight gain in fattening 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). We fed active yearling ground squirrels a diet containing the gut-specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) for 10 wk. Mesalazine treatment had slight effects on microbial community diversity in the cecum and colon. Not surprisingly, mesalazine treatment decreased inflammatory cytokine levels in the ileum and colon. Mesalazine also decreased proinflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in omental white adipose tissue (oWAT). Despite this, body mass was unaffected, and caloric intake increased in mesalazine-treated squirrels, mainly in males. Mass of the primary WAT depot, intra-abdominal WAT (iaWAT), or the highly metabolic oWAT were unaltered by treatment, as was adiposity index. Together, these results suggest that mesalazine treatment has some effects on adiposity in fattening ground squirrels, but this treatment needs to be modified to overcome the strong drive to fatten in this species.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Adiposity and obesity are caused, at least in part, by inflammation of metabolic tissues. Hibernators, like ground squirrels, undergo this same metabolic inflammation during their summer fattening period. We attempted to curb this inflammation, and thus fattening, using mesalazine. We found that mesalazine did curb the inflammation but did not affect fattening, likely due to the strong drive to fatten in hibernators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Zur Tulod
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nathan D Witman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kirsten Grond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States
| | - Khrystyne N Duddleston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States
| | - Courtney C Kurtz
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States
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Li VL, He Y, Contrepois K, Liu H, Kim JT, Wiggenhorn AL, Tanzo JT, Tung ASH, Lyu X, Zushin PJH, Jansen RS, Michael B, Loh KY, Yang AC, Carl CS, Voldstedlund CT, Wei W, Terrell SM, Moeller BC, Arthur RM, Wallis GA, van de Wetering K, Stahl A, Kiens B, Richter EA, Banik SM, Snyder MP, Xu Y, Long JZ. An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. Nature 2022; 606:785-790. [PMID: 35705806 PMCID: PMC9767481 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Exercise confers protection against obesity, type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases1-5. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the metabolic benefits of physical activity remain unclear6. Here we show that exercise stimulates the production of N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe), a blood-borne signalling metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. The biosynthesis of Lac-Phe from lactate and phenylalanine occurs in CNDP2+ cells, including macrophages, monocytes and other immune and epithelial cells localized to diverse organs. In diet-induced obese mice, pharmacological-mediated increases in Lac-Phe reduces food intake without affecting movement or energy expenditure. Chronic administration of Lac-Phe decreases adiposity and body weight and improves glucose homeostasis. Conversely, genetic ablation of Lac-Phe biosynthesis in mice increases food intake and obesity following exercise training. Last, large activity-inducible increases in circulating Lac-Phe are also observed in humans and racehorses, establishing this metabolite as a molecular effector associated with physical activity across multiple activity modalities and mammalian species. These data define a conserved exercise-inducible metabolite that controls food intake and influences systemic energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hailan Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joon T Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda L Wiggenhorn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia T Tanzo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Basil Michael
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Yang
- Department of Anatomy and the Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian S Carl
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian T Voldstedlund
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Moeller
- Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rick M Arthur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gareth A Wallis
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bente Kiens
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven M Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Dimet-Wiley A, Wu Q, Wiley JT, Eswar A, Neelakantan H, Savidge T, Watowich S. Reduced calorie diet combined with NNMT inhibition establishes a distinct microbiome in DIO mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:484. [PMID: 35013352 PMCID: PMC8748953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with a nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor (NNMTi; 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium) combined with low-fat diet (LD) promoted dramatic whole-body adiposity and weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, rapidly normalizing these measures to age-matched lean animals, while LD switch alone was unable to restore these measures to age-matched controls in the same time frame. Since mouse microbiome profiles often highly correlate with body weight and fat composition, this study was designed to test whether the cecal microbiomes of DIO mice treated with NNMTi and LD were comparable to the microbiomes of age-matched lean counterparts and distinct from microbiomes of DIO mice maintained on a high-fat Western diet (WD) or subjected to LD switch alone. There were minimal microbiome differences between lean and obese controls, suggesting that diet composition and adiposity had limited effects. However, DIO mice switched from an obesity-promoting WD to an LD (regardless of treatment status) displayed several genera and phyla differences compared to obese and lean controls. While alpha diversity measures did not significantly differ between groups, beta diversity principal coordinates analyses suggested that mice from the same treatment group were the most similar. K-means clustering analysis of amplicon sequence variants by animal demonstrated that NNMTi-treated DIO mice switched to LD had a distinct microbiome pattern that was highlighted by decreased Erysipelatoclostridium and increased Lactobacillus relative abundances compared to vehicle counterparts; these genera are tied to body weight and metabolic regulation. Additionally, Parasutterella relative abundance, which was increased in both the vehicle- and NNMTi-treated LD-switched groups relative to the controls, significantly correlated with several adipose tissue metabolites' abundances. Collectively, these results provide a novel foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dimet-Wiley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Qinglong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jerrin T Wiley
- Depatment of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aditya Eswar
- New York University Stern School of Business, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Tor Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stan Watowich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Mancuso P, Curtis JL, Weitzel AM, Griffin CA, Bouchard B, Freeman CM, Bridges D, Singer K. Diet-induced obesity in mice impairs host defense against Klebsiella pneumonia in vivo and glucose transport and bactericidal functions in neutrophils in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L116-L128. [PMID: 34850640 PMCID: PMC8794018 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00008.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity impairs host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae, but responsible mechanisms are incompletely understood. To determine the impact of diet-induced obesity on pulmonary host defense against K. pneumoniae, we fed 6-wk-old male C57BL/6j mice a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) (13% vs. 60% fat, respectively) for 16 wk. Mice were intratracheally infected with Klebsiella, assayed at 24 or 48 h for bacterial colony-forming units, lung cytokines, and leukocytes from alveolar spaces, lung parenchyma, and gonadal adipose tissue were assessed using flow cytometry. Neutrophils from uninfected mice were cultured with and without 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) and assessed for phagocytosis, killing, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), transport of 2-DG, and glucose transporter (GLUT1-4) transcripts, and protein expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3. HFD mice had higher lung and splenic bacterial burdens. In HFD mice, baseline lung homogenate concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, CXCL2, and TNF-α were reduced relative to ND mice, but following infection were greater for IL-6, CCL2, CXCL2, and IL-1β (24 h only). Despite equivalent lung homogenate leukocytes, HFD mice had fewer intraalveolar neutrophils. HFD neutrophils exhibited decreased Klebsiella phagocytosis and killing and reduced ROI to heat-killed Klebsiella in vitro. 2-DG transport was lower in HFD neutrophils, with reduced GLUT1 and GLUT3 transcripts and protein (GLUT3 only). Blocking glycolysis with 2-DG impaired bacterial killing and ROI production in neutrophils from mice fed ND but not HFD. Diet-induced obesity impairs pulmonary Klebsiella clearance and augments blood dissemination by reducing neutrophil killing and ROI due to impaired glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mancuso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anne M Weitzel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cameron A Griffin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin Bouchard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christine M Freeman
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Maglioni S, Arsalan N, Hamacher A, Afshar S, Schiavi A, Beller M, Ventura N. High-Content C. elegans Screen Identifies Natural Compounds Impacting Mitochondria-Lipid Homeostasis and Promoting Healthspan. Cells 2021; 11:100. [PMID: 35011662 PMCID: PMC8750055 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is concurrently shaped by genetic and extrinsic factors. In this work, we screened a small library of natural compounds, many of marine origin, to identify novel possible anti-aging interventions in Caenorhabditis elegans, a powerful model organism for aging studies. To this aim, we exploited a high-content microscopy platform to search for interventions able to induce phenotypes associated with mild mitochondrial stress, which is known to promote animal's health- and lifespan. Worms were initially exposed to three different concentrations of the drugs in liquid culture, in search of those affecting animal size and expression of mitochondrial stress response genes. This was followed by a validation step with nine compounds on solid media to refine compounds concentration, which led to the identification of four compounds (namely isobavachalcone, manzamine A, kahalalide F and lutein) consistently affecting development, fertility, size and lipid content of the nematodes. Treatment of Drosophila cells with the four hits confirmed their effects on mitochondria activity and lipid content. Out of these four, two were specifically chosen for analysis of age-related parameters, kahalalide F and lutein, which conferred increased resistance to heat and oxidative stress and extended animals' healthspan. We also found that, out of different mitochondrial stress response genes, only the C. elegans ortholog of the synaptic regulatory proteins neuroligins, nlg-1, was consistently induced by the two compounds and mediated lutein healthspan effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Nayna Arsalan
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Hamacher
- Institute for Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (M.B.)
- Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Shiwa Afshar
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Mathias Beller
- Institute for Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (M.B.)
- Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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9
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Hojná S, Rauchová H, Malínská H, Marková I, Hüttl M, Papoušek F, Behuliak M, Miklánková D, Vaňourková Z, Neckář J, Kadlecová M, Kujal P, Zicha J, Vaněčková I. Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of empagliflozin in Ren-2 transgenic rats, an experimental non-diabetic model of hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112246. [PMID: 34601191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The new antidiabetic drugs, gliflozins, inhibit sodium-glucose transporter-2 in renal proximal tubules promoting glucose and sodium excretion. This leads not only to a significant improvement of glucose control but also to the reduction of blood pressure and body weight in both diabetic patients and experimental models. We examined whether these beneficial effects can also be achieved in a non-diabetic hypertensive model, namely in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR). Adult 6-month-old hypertensive TGR and their normotensive controls (Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats), were either untreated or treated with empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/day) for two months. Telemetric blood pressure monitoring, renal parameters as well as cardiac function via echocardiography were analyzed during the experiment. At the end of the study, the contribution of major vasoactive systems to blood pressure maintenance was studied. Metabolic parameters and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were also analyzed. Empagliflozin had no effect on plasma glucose level but partially reduced blood pressure in TGR. Although food consumption was substantially higher in empagliflozin-treated TGR compared to the untreated animals, their body weight and the amount of epididymal and perirenal fat was decreased. Empagliflozin had no effect on proteinuria, but it decreased plasma urea, attenuated renal oxidative stress and temporarily increased urinary urea excretion. Several metabolic (hepatic triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, insulin) and inflammatory (TNF-α, leptin) parameters were also improved by empagliflozin treatment. By contrast, echocardiography did not reveal any effect of empagliflozin on cardiac function. In conclusion, empagliflozin exerted beneficial antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects also in a non-diabetic hypertensive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Hojná
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Rauchová
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Department of Cardio-Metabolic Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Department of Cardio-Metabolic Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Department of Cardio-Metabolic Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Department of Cardio-Metabolic Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Vaňourková
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckář
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kadlecová
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kujal
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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10
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Novi DRBS, Vidigal CB, Moura KF, da Silva DG, Serafim AFL, Klein RM, Moreira EG, Gerardin DCC, Ceravolo GS. Intrauterine and Lactational Exposure to Paracetamol: Cardiometabolic Evaluation in Adult Female and Male Offspring. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:858-866. [PMID: 34596621 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Paracetamol (PAR) is the most common over-the-counter drug recommended by physicians for treatment of pain and fever during gestation. This drug is not teratogenic, being considered safe for fetus; however, PAR crosses the blood-placental barrier. Considering that, the present study aimed to evaluate the vascular and metabolic safety of PAR exposure during intrauterine and neonatal development in adult male and female-exposed offspring. Wistar female rats were gavaged, with PAR (350 mg/kg/d), from gestational day 6-21 or from gestational day 6 until postnatal day 21. Control dams received water by gavage at the same periods. The male and female offspring were evaluated at adulthood (80 days of life). The thoracic aorta reactivity to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and phenylephrine was evaluated in male and female adult offspring. It was observed that aortic relaxation was similar between the PAR and control offspring. In addition, the contraction to phenylephrine was similar between the groups. Further, the insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue deposition and blood pressure were not different between PAR and control adult offspring. These results suggest that the protocol of PAR exposure used in the present study did not program vascular and metabolic alterations that would contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adult life, being safe for the exposed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella R B S Novi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila B Vidigal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kawane F Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; and
| | - Deborah G da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; and
| | - Ana Flavia L Serafim
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Klein
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Estefânia G Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; and
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniela C C Gerardin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; and
| | - Graziela S Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; and
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11
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Fowler LA, Powers AD, Williams MB, Davis JL, Barry RJ, D’Abramo LR, Watts SA. The effects of dietary saturated fat source on weight gain and adiposity are influenced by both sex and total dietary lipid intake in zebrafish. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257914. [PMID: 34679092 PMCID: PMC8535427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of saturated fat intake on obesity and cardiovascular health remain inconclusive, likely due in part to their varied nature and interactions with other nutrients. Investigating the synergistic effects of different saturated fat sources with other dietary lipid components will help establish more accurate nutritional guidelines for dietary fat intake. Over the past two decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been established as an attractive model system to address questions regarding contributions of dietary lipid intake to diet-induced obesity in humans. The goal of the present study was to assess interactions of three different saturated fat sources (milk fat, palm oil, and coconut oil) with sex and total dietary lipid intake on weight gain and body composition in adult zebrafish. Larvae were raised on live feeds until 28 days post fertilization, and then fed a formulated maintenance diet until three months of age. An eight-week feeding trial was then initiated, in which zebrafish were fed nine experimental low- and high-fat diets varying in saturated fatty acid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content, in addition to a low-fat and high-fat control diet. At termination of the feeding trial, each treatment was evaluated according to body mass, moisture content, and adiposity. Sex and diet significantly interacted in their effects on body mass (P = 0.026), moisture content (P = 0.044), and adiposity (P = 0.035). The influence of saturated fat source on body mass was observed to be dependent on intake of total dietary lipid. In females, all three saturated fat sources had similar effects on adiposity. From these observations, we hypothesize that impacts of saturated fat intake on energy allocation and obesity-related phenotypes are influenced by both sex and intake of other dietary lipid components. Our results suggest that current nutritional guidelines for saturated fat intake may need to be re-evaluated and take sex-specific recommendations into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Fowler
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Audrey D. Powers
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James L. Davis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Louis R. D’Abramo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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12
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Ramalingam L, Menikdiwela KR, Spainhour S, Eboh T, Moustaid-Moussa N. Sex Differences in Early Programming by Maternal High Fat Diet Induced-Obesity and Fish Oil Supplementation in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3703. [PMID: 34835957 PMCID: PMC8625698 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy obesity is a contributing factor for impairments in offspring metabolic health. Interventional strategies during pregnancy are a potential approach to alleviate and/or prevent obesity and obesity related metabolic alterations in the offspring. Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exerts metabolic health benefits. However, the role of FO in early life remains still unknown. Hence, this study objective was to determine the effect of FO supplementation in mice from pre-pregnancy through lactation, and to study the post-natal metabolic health effects in gonadal fat and liver of offspring fed high fat (HF) diet with or without FO. Female C57BL6J mice aged 4-5 weeks were fed a HF (45% fat) diet supplemented with or without FO (30 g/kg of diet) and low fat (LF; 10% fat) pre-pregnancy through lactation. After weaning, offspring (male and female) from HF or FO dams either continued the same diet (HF-HF and FO-FO) or switched to the other diet (HF-FO and FO-HF) for 13 weeks, creating four groups of treatment, and LF-LF was used as a control group. Serum, gonadal fat and liver tissue were collected at termination for metabolic analyses. Offspring of both sexes fed HF with or without fish oil gained (p < 0.05) more weight post weaning, compared to LF-LF-fed mice. All the female offspring groups supplemented with FO had reduced body weight compared to the respective male groups. Further, FO-FO supplementation in both sexes (p < 0.05) improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity compared to HF-HF. All FO-FO fed mice had significantly reduced adipocyte size compared to HF-HF group in both male and females. Inflammation, measured by mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp1), was reduced (p < 0.05) with FO supplementation in both sexes in gonadal fat and in the liver. Markers of fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid synthase (Fasn) showed no sex specific differences in gonadal fat and liver of mice supplemented with HF. Female mice had lower liver triglycerides than male counterparts. Supplementation of FO in mice improved metabolic health of offspring by lowering markers of lipid synthesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Kalhara R. Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Stephani Spainhour
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Tochi Eboh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 74909, USA; (L.R.); (K.R.M.); (S.S.); (T.E.)
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13
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Abstract
Appetite is closely regulated not only by gut hormonal and neuronal peptides but also by exogenous peptides derived from food proteins. Food proteins are now recognized to contain many thousands of bioactive compounds that provide additional health benefits beyond their nutritional effects. Bioactive peptides are beneficial to the life and/or to regulate physiological functions. Although animal protein products have been widely applied in the food industry, exploring the possibilities of developing functional foods based on plant protein-derived peptides is considered attractive for achieving sustainable development goals. In addition, peptides from plant proteins have the potential to treat numerous diseases or risk factors and may therefore facilitate a healthy life expectancy. In this review, we discuss the identified plant-based bioactive peptides and their appetite regulating effects. Plant-based bioactive peptides may provide new opportunities to discover novel approaches that can improve and prevent diseases in a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kaneko
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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14
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Cordeiro MM, Biscaia PB, Brunoski J, Ribeiro RA, Franco GCN, Scomparin DX. Vitamin D supplementation decreases visceral adiposity and normalizes leptinemia and circulating TNF-α levels in western diet-fed obese rats. Life Sci 2021; 278:119550. [PMID: 33932442 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vitamin (Vit) D regulates various organic processes, including adipose tissue morphofunction and lipid metabolism. Studies indicate that Vit D bioavailability is reduced in obesity, which could contribute to obesity development; however, the effects of Vit D supplementation on increased adiposity in western diet (WD)-obese rats (an experimental model that better resembles the obesogenic human obesity condition) have not been studied, to date. Thus, we hypothesized that Vit D supplementation following the induction of obesity in WD rats might reduce their body weight (BW) and adiposity. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed on a standard chow [control (CTL) group] or a WD to induce obesity (WD group), from 21 to 59 days of age. Subsequently, from 60 to 90-days, half of the CTL and of the WD rats were randomly submitted, or not, to oral Vit D supplementation (CTL-VD and WD-VD groups, respectively). KEY FINDINGS At 91 days of age, WD rats were obese, displaying higher abdominal circumference and white fat stores, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia and greater plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Vit D supplementation decreased BW gain, abdominal fat deposition and ameliorated the plasma lipid profile in WD-VD rats. These effects were accompanied by reductions in leptinemia and in circulating TNF-α levels in these rodents. SIGNIFICANCE Vit D supplementation, following the induction of obesity, may represent a good strategy to attenuate BW gain and abdominal adiposity, and ameliorate the plasma lipid profile in WD rats. These effects may be mediated, at least in part, by reductions in circulating levels of leptin and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Mikuska Cordeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bubna Biscaia
- Departamento de Farmácia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Janaini Brunoski
- Departamento de Enfermagem e Saúde Pública, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Gilson César Nobre Franco
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Dionizia Xavier Scomparin
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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15
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Mijiti M, Mori R, Huang B, Tsukamoto K, Kiriyama K, Sutoh K, Nagaoka S. Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2501. [PMID: 34444660 PMCID: PMC8398848 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protamine can ameliorate hyperlipidemia; however, the protamine-derived active peptide and its hypolipidemic mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic peptide, RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg), derived from protamine in mice fed a high-fat diet for 50 days. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. White adipose tissue weight was significantly decreased in the protamine and RPR groups. The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly higher in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of hepatic SCD1, SREBP1, and adipocyte FAS mRNA, and significantly increased expression of hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ1 mRNA in the protamine group. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of protamine are linked to the upregulation of adipocyte PPARγ1 and hepatic PPARα and the downregulation of hepatic SCD1 via SREBP1 and adipocyte FAS. RPR derived from protamine has a crucial role in the anti-obesity action of protamine by evaluating the effective dose of adipose tissue weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maihemuti Mijiti
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Bingyu Huang
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kenichiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
| | | | - Keita Sutoh
- Fordays Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-0016, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
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16
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Tamura I, Tamura H, Kawamoto-Jozaki M, Doi-Tanaka Y, Takagi H, Shirafuta Y, Mihara Y, Maekawa R, Taketani T, Sato S, Sugino N. Long-term melatonin treatment attenuates body weight gain with aging in female mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 251:15-25. [PMID: 34156346 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Women usually experience body weight gain with aging, which can put them at risk for many chronic diseases. Previous studies indicated that melatonin treatment attenuates body weight gain and abdominal fat deposition in several male animals. However, it is unclear whether melatonin affects female animals in the same way. This study investigated whether long-term melatonin treatment can attenuate body weight gain with aging and, if it does, what the mechanism is. Ten-week-old female ICR mice were given melatonin-containing water (100 μg/mL) or only water until 43 weeks. Melatonin treatment significantly attenuated body weight gain at 23 weeks (control; 57.2 ± 2.0 g vs melatonin; 44.4 ± 3.1 g), 33 weeks (control; 65.4 ± 2.6 g vs melatonin; 52.2 ± 4.2 g) and 43 weeks (control; 66.1 ± 3.2 g vs melatonin; 54.4 ± 2.5 g) without decreasing the amount of food intake. Micro-CT analyses showed that melatonin significantly decreased the deposition of visceral and s.c. fat. These results suggested that melatonin attenuates body weight gain by inhibiting abdominal fat deposition. Metabolome analysis of the liver revealed that melatonin treatment induced a drastic change in the metabolome with the downregulation of 149 metabolites, including the metabolites of glucose and amino acids. Citrate, which serves as a source of de novo lipogenesis, was one of the downregulated metabolites. These results show that long-term melatonin treatment induces drastic changes in metabolism and attenuates body weight gain and fat deposition with aging in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mai Kawamoto-Jozaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yumiko Doi-Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Haruka Takagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shirafuta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ryo Maekawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taketani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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17
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Silver Z, Abbott-Tate S, Hyland L, Sherratt F, Woodside B, Abizaid A. Ghrelin receptor signaling is not required for glucocorticoid-induced obesity in female mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 250:37-48. [PMID: 34060474 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high circulating glucocorticoid or ghrelin concentrations increases food intake, weight gain and adiposity, suggesting that ghrelin could contribute to the metabolic effects of chronic glucocorticoids. In male mice, however, blocking ghrelin receptor (GHSR) signaling increased the weight gain and adiposity induced by chronic corticosterone (CORT), rather than attenuating them. In the current study, we investigated the role of GHSR signaling in the metabolic effects of chronic exposure to high circulating CORT in female mice. To do this, female WT and GHSR KO mice were treated with either CORT in a 1% ethanol (EtOH) solution or 1% EtOH alone in their drinking water for 32 days (n = 5-8/group). Body weight, food, and water intake as well as vaginal cyclicity were assessed daily. As expected, CORT treatment-induced significant increases in body weight, food intake, adiposity and also impaired glucose tolerance. In contrast to results observed in male mice, WT and GHSR KO female mice did not differ on any of these parameters. Neither plasma levels of ghrelin, LEAP-2, the endogenous GHSR antagonist produced by the liver, nor their ratio were altered by chronic glucocorticoid exposure. In addition, CORT treatment disrupted vaginal cyclicity, produced a reduction in sucrose consumption and increased locomotor activity regardless of genotype. Chronic CORT also decreased exploration in WT but not GHSR KO mice. Collectively, these data suggest that most metabolic, endocrine, reproductive and behavioral effects of chronic CORT exposure are independent of GHSR signaling in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Silver
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Abbott-Tate
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hyland
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Sherratt
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Woodside
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Sierra-Cruz M, Miguéns-Gómez A, Grau-Bové C, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Blay M, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Terra X, Beltrán-Debón R. Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Reverts Obesity-Related Metabolic Derangements in Aged Female Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062059. [PMID: 34208508 PMCID: PMC8234113 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing are current issues of global concern. Adaptive homeostasis is compromised in the elderly, who are more likely to suffer age-related health issues, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The current worldwide prevalence of obesity and higher life expectancy call for new strategies for treating metabolic disorders. Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is reported to be effective in ameliorating these pathologies, especially in young animal models. In this study, we aimed to test the effectiveness of GSPE in modulating obesity-related pathologies in aged rats fed an obesogenic diet. To do so, 21-month-old rats were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (cafeteria diet) for 11 weeks. Two time points for GSPE administration (500 mg/kg body weight), i.e., a 10-day preventive GSPE treatment prior to cafeteria diet intervention and a simultaneous GSPE treatment with the cafeteria diet, were assayed. Body weight, metabolic parameters, liver steatosis, and systemic inflammation were analysed. GSPE administered simultaneously with the cafeteria diet was effective in reducing body weight, total adiposity, and liver steatosis. However, the preventive treatment was effective in reducing only mesenteric adiposity in these obese, aged rats. Our results confirm that the simultaneous administration of GSPE improves metabolic disruptions caused by the cafeteria diet also in aged rats.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity is associated with low vitamin D. As both obesity and hypovitaminosis D present an alarmingly increased prevalence worldwide, there is an intense research interest to clarify all aspects of this association. This review summarizes current evidence from meta-analyses investigating vitamin D status in obesity, including the effects of weight loss and bariatric surgery on vitamin D status and the outcomes of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. We also discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and important controversies. RECENT FINDINGS Data from meta-analyses consistently support an inverse association of vitamin D levels with body weight. However, the impact of weight loss on improving vitamin D status is small, while studies on the supplementation with vitamin D after bariatric surgery have shown conflicting results regarding vitamin D status. Moreover, interventional studies do not support a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. These findings warrant a cautious interpretation due to important methodological limitations and confounding factors, such as high heterogeneity of studies, variable methods of determination of vitamin D and definition of deficiency/insufficiency, use of various adiposity measures and definitions of obesity, and inadequate adjustment for confounding variables influencing vitamin D levels. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms associating low vitamin D in obesity include volumetric dilution, sequestration into adipose tissue, limited sunlight exposure, and decreased vitamin D synthesis in the adipose tissue and liver. Experimental studies have demonstrated that low vitamin D may be implicated in adipose tissue differentiation and growth leading to obesity either by regulation of gene expression or through modulation of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and leptin. Obesity is associated with low vitamin D status but weight loss has little effect on improving this; vitamin D supplementation is also not associated with weight loss. Evidence regarding vitamin D status after bariatric surgery is contradicting. The link between vitamin D and obesity remains controversial due to important limitations and confounding of studies. More research is needed to clarify the complex interplay between vitamin D and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Sakelliou
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou St, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos-Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Ramadhin J, Silva-Moraes V, Nagy T, Norberg T, Harn D. A Comparison of Two Structurally Related Human Milk Oligosaccharide Conjugates in a Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668217. [PMID: 34093565 PMCID: PMC8173488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the largest risk factor for the development of chronic diseases in industrialized countries. Excessive fat accumulation triggers a state of chronic low-grade inflammation to the detriment of numerous organs. To address this problem, our lab has been examining the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of two human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). LNFPIII and LNnT are HMOs that differ in structure via presence/absence of an α1,3-linked fucose. We utilize LNFPIII and LNnT in conjugate form, where 10-12 molecules of LNFPIII or LNnT are conjugated to a 40 kDa dextran carrier (P3DEX/NTDEX). Previous studies from our lab have shown that LNFPIII conjugates are anti-inflammatory, act on multiple cell types, and are therapeutic in a wide range of murine inflammatory disease models. The α1,3-linked fucose residue on LNFPIII makes it difficult and more expensive to synthesize. Therefore, we asked if LNnT conjugates induced similar therapeutic effects to LNFPIII. Herein, we compare the therapeutic effects of P3DEX and NTDEX in a model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Male C57BL/6 mice were placed on a high-fat diet for six weeks and then injected twice per week for eight weeks with 25µg of 40 kDa dextran (DEX; vehicle control), P3DEX, or NTDEX. We found that treatment with P3DEX, but not NTDEX, led to reductions in body weight, adipose tissue (AT) weights, and fasting blood glucose levels. Mice treated with P3DEX also demonstrated improvements in glucose homeostasis and insulin tolerance. Treatment with P3DEX or NTDEX also induced different profiles of serum chemokines, cytokines, adipokines, and incretin hormones, with P3DEX notably reducing circulating levels of leptin and resistin. P3DEX also reduced WAT inflammation and hepatic lipid accumulation, whereas NTDEX seemed to worsen these parameters. These results suggest that the small structural difference between P3DEX and NTDEX has significant effects on the conjugates' therapeutic abilities. Future work will focus on identifying the receptors for these conjugates and delineating the mechanisms by which P3DEX and NTDEX exert their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ramadhin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Vanessa Silva-Moraes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Thomas Norberg
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Donald Harn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Jiang X, Zhang Y, Hu W, Liang Y, Zheng L, Zheng J, Wang B, Guo X. Different Effects of Leucine Supplementation and/or Exercise on Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:651303. [PMID: 34054726 PMCID: PMC8150005 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.651303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases have increased due to the obesity epidemic. Early intervention for obesity through lifestyle and nutrition plays an important role in preventing obesity-related diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the role of leucine and exercise in adiposity, systemic insulin resistance, and inflammation to provide theoretical and guiding basis for the early prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into HFD or LFD-fed mice group. After 9 weeks, glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed to detect their systemic insulin sensitivity. Starting from week 10, mice were divided into eight groups and treated with moderate exercise or/and 1.5% leucine. At week 13, systemic insulin sensitivity was detected by GTT. At week 14, mice were dissected to analyze adiposity and inflammation. Results In LFD mice, exercise significantly increased systemic insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT4 expression in the muscle and decreasing adiposity through increasing AMPK phosphorylation in adipose tissue. In HFD mice, the simultaneous intervention of exercise and leucine increases systemic insulin sensitivity by reducing liver and adipose tissue inflammation via decreasing NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and increasing the expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue. Conclusion There are different mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise and leucine on insulin resistance and inflammation in LFD-fed mice or HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxiu Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Lu KY, Lin SZ, Primus Dass KT, Lin WJ, Liu SP, Harn HJ. 3-N-butylphthalide protects against high-fat-diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice and increases metabolism in lipid-accumulating cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111687. [PMID: 34243611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the world's largest health problems, and 3-N-butylphthalide (NBP), a bioactive compound in celery, has been used in dieting and weight management programs. In this study, NBP prevented high-fat-diet-induced weight gain, reduced the food efficiency ratio, altered the blood biochemical profile, and reduced the obesity-related index. NBP reduced adiposity, white fat depots, liver weight, and hepatic steatosis in obese mice. NBP ameliorated the diabetic state by decreasing glucose levels and improving glucose and insulin tolerance. NBP increased uncoupling protein-1 expression in white adipose tissue and upregulated thermogenesis by enhancing mitochondrial respiration. NBP inhibited white adipocyte development by prohibiting lipid accumulation in human adipose-derived stem cells. NBP increased free fatty acid uptake and the oxygen consumption rate in beige adipocytes. Our results suggest that NBP could be used as functional natural supplement against obesity and its associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yun Lu
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | | | - Wei-Ju Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Ph. D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Social Work, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Sato C, Miyakoshi N, Kasukawa Y, Nozaka K, Tsuchie H, Nagahata I, Yuasa Y, Abe K, Saito H, Shoji R, Shimada Y. Teriparatide and exercise improve bone, skeletal muscle, and fat parameters in ovariectomized and tail-suspended rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:385-395. [PMID: 33392725 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although teriparatide (TPTD) and exercise may improve osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, and fat metabolism during ageing, the effects of treatment with a combination of TPTD and exercise on these factors remain unclear. Therefore, this study examined the effects of TPTD and exercise on bone, skeletal muscle, and fat in ovariectomized and tail-suspended rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven-month-old female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and subjected to tail suspension. The rats were then randomized into one of the following four groups (n = 20/group) after 4 weeks: control group, treated with TPTD vehicle and no exercise; TPTD group (30 µg/kg TPTD, 3 days/week); Exercise group (treadmill at 12 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week); and Combined group treated with TPTD and treadmill exercise. After 1 and 8 weeks of treatment, bone, skeletal muscle, and fat tissue parameters were evaluated. RESULTS TPTD improved bone mineral density (BMD), bone structure, bone strength at the femoral metaphysis, and the percentage of skeletal muscle mass, and decreased the percentage of fat mass and the adipose volume in the bone marrow. Treadmill exercise increased BMD, bone strength of cancellous bone, and the percentage of skeletal muscle mass, and decreased the percentage of fat mass as seen on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Furthermore, combined treatment significantly affected BMD, bone structure, and bone strength of cortical bone at the femoral diaphysis. CONCLUSION TPTD or treadmill exercise improved bone, skeletal muscle, and fat mass. Combination therapy with TPTD and exercise had synergistic effects on BMD, structure, and bone strength in ovariectomized, tail-suspended rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kasukawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Koji Nozaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Itsuki Nagahata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yuasa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Abe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryo Shoji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Posawetz AS, Trummer C, Pandis M, Aberer F, Pieber TR, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Pilz S, Theiler-Schwetz V. Adverse body composition and lipid parameters in patients with prolactinoma: a case-control study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:81. [PMID: 33902531 PMCID: PMC8074459 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperprolactinaemia might cause adverse metabolic effects. The aim of our study was to compare parameters of body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism between untreated patients with prolactinoma and controls and to assess changes after initiation of cabergoline. METHODS Case-control study with a retrospectively analyzed follow-up in patients with prolactinoma after initiation of cabergoline therapy. RESULTS 21 patients with prolactinoma (9 micro- and 12 macroprolactinomas; 7 females) and 30 controls were analyzed. Patients with prolactinoma had significantly higher BMI than controls; fat mass did not differ between groups. Only men - but not women - with prolactinoma had significantly higher fat mass at all six sites measured compared to controls. Levels of LDL (130 (107-147.5) vs. 94.5 (80-127.5) mg/dl, p < 0.001) were significantly higher, levels of HDL (56 ± 16.7 vs. 69.2 ± 14.6 mg/dl, p = 0.004) significantly lower than in controls. Fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, adiponectin, CRP, and homocysteine did not differ between groups. After a median of 10 weeks (IQR 7-18 weeks) after initiation of cabergoline, total (from 212.5 ± 36.2 to 196.9 ± 40.6 mg/dl, p = 0.018) and LDL cholesterol (130 (107-147.5) to 106.5 (94.3-148) mg/dl, p = 0.018) had significantly decreased. Analyzing men and women separately, this change occurred in men only. CONCLUSIONS Reasons for the association between prolactin and metabolic parameters include direct effects of prolactin on adipose tissue, hyperprolactinaemia-triggered hypogonadism and dopamine-agonist therapy per se. Altered lipid metabolism in patients with prolactinoma might imply an increased cardiovascular risk, highlighting the necessity to monitor metabolic parameters in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophia Posawetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Pandis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Felix Aberer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Theiler-Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.
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Chou SH, Murata EM, Yu C, Danik J, Kotler G, Cook NR, Bubes V, Mora S, Chandler PD, Tobias DK, Copeland T, Buring JE, Manson JE, LeBoff MS. Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Body Composition in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1377-1388. [PMID: 33513226 PMCID: PMC8063236 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although observational studies show inverse associations between vitamin D status and body weight/adiposity, there are few large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating this relationship. OBJECTIVE To determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation lowers weight or improves body composition. DESIGN The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled RCT including 25 871 US adults. This ancillary study was completed in a sub-cohort that underwent body composition assessments at baseline and 2-year follow-up (89% retention). SETTING Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center in Boston. PARTICIPANTS 771 participants (men ≥ 50 and women ≥ 55 years). INTERVENTIONS 2 × 2 factorial design of supplemental vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) and/or omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/day). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Endpoints were 2-year changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and total and/or regional fat and lean tissue measures determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Effect modification by clinical variables and total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels was explored. RESULTS There were no effects of supplemental vitamin D3vs placebo on weight, BMI, or measures of adiposity and lean tissue. Effects did not vary by sex, race/ethnicity, fat mass index, or baseline total or free 25(OH)D levels. Vitamin D3 supplementation did slightly improve body fat percentage in participants with normal BMI at baseline, but not in the overweight or obese (P for interaction = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Daily vitamin D3 supplementation vs placebo in the general older population did not improve weight or body composition. Whether supplemental vitamin D3 may benefit individuals with normal BMI warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elle M Murata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Danik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Kotler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vadim Bubes
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulette D Chandler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Meryl S. LeBoff, MD, Chief of the Calcium and Bone Section, Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
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Edwards MM, Nguyen HK, Herbertson AJ, Dodson AD, Wietecha T, Wolden-Hanson T, Graham JL, O'Brien KD, Havel PJ, Blevins JE. Chronic hindbrain administration of oxytocin elicits weight loss in male diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R471-R487. [PMID: 33470901 PMCID: PMC8238148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00294.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that oxytocin (OT) administration reduces body weight in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) rodents through both reductions in food intake and increases in energy expenditure. We recently demonstrated that chronic hindbrain [fourth ventricular (4V)] infusions of OT evoke weight loss in DIO rats. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that chronic 4V OT would elicit weight loss in DIO mice. We assessed the effects of 4V infusions of OT (16 nmol/day) or vehicle over 28 days on body weight, food intake, and body composition. OT reduced body weight by approximately 4.5% ± 1.4% in DIO mice relative to OT pretreatment body weight (P < 0.05). These effects were associated with reduced adiposity and adipocyte size [inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT)] (P < 0.05) and attributed, in part, to reduced energy intake (P < 0.05) at a dose that did not increase kaolin intake (P = NS). OT tended to increase uncoupling protein-1 expression in IWAT (0.05 < P < 0.1) suggesting that OT stimulates browning of WAT. To assess OT-elicited changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, we examined the effects of 4V OT on interscapular BAT temperature (TIBAT). 4V OT (1 µg) elevated TIBAT at 0.75 (P = 0.08), 1, and 1.25 h (P < 0.05) postinjection; a higher dose (5 µg) elevated TIBAT at 0.75-, 1-, 1.25-, 1.5-, 1.75- (P < 0.05), and 2-h (0.05 < P < 0.1) postinjection. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that chronic hindbrain OT treatment evokes sustained weight loss in DIO mice by reducing energy intake and increasing BAT thermogenesis at a dose that is not associated with evidence of visceral illness.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Brown/pathology
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/administration & dosage
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eating/drug effects
- Energy Intake/drug effects
- Infusions, Intraventricular
- Leptin/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Oxytocin/administration & dosage
- Rhombencephalon/drug effects
- Rhombencephalon/physiopathology
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
- Weight Loss/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Melise M Edwards
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ha K Nguyen
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam J Herbertson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew D Dodson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tami Wolden-Hanson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - James E Blevins
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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27
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Chen SY, Beretta M, Alexopoulos SJ, Shah DP, Olzomer EM, Hargett SR, Childress ES, Salamoun JM, Aleksovska I, Roseblade A, Cranfield C, Rawling T, Quinlan KGR, Morris MJ, Tucker SP, Santos WL, Hoehn KL. Mitochondrial uncoupler SHC517 reverses obesity in mice without affecting food intake. Metabolism 2021; 117:154724. [PMID: 33548253 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial uncouplers decrease caloric efficiency and have potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Herein we investigate the metabolic and physiologic effects of a recently identified small molecule mitochondrial uncoupler named SHC517 in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. METHODS SHC517 was administered as an admixture in food. The effect of SHC517 on in vivo energy expenditure and respiratory quotient was determined by indirect calorimetry. A dose-finding obesity prevention study was performed by starting SHC517 treatment concomitant with high fat diet for a period of 12 days. An obesity reversal study was performed by feeding mice western diet for 4 weeks prior to SHC517 treatment for 7 weeks. Biochemical assays were used to determine changes in glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol. SHC517 concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS SHC517 increased lipid oxidation without affecting body temperature. SHC517 prevented diet-induced obesity when administered at 0.05% and 0.1% w/w in high fat diet and reversed established obesity when tested at the 0.05% dose. In the obesity reversal model, SHC517 restored adiposity to levels similar to chow-fed control mice without affecting food intake or lean body mass. SHC517 improved glucose tolerance and fasting glucose levels when administered in both the obesity prevention and obesity reversal modes. CONCLUSIONS SHC517 is a mitochondrial uncoupler with potent anti-obesity and insulin sensitizing effects in mice. SHC517 reversed obesity without altering food intake or compromising lean mass, effects that are highly sought-after in anti-obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Childress
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Charles Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.; Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
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28
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Naguib YM, Samaka RM, Rizk MS, Ameen O, Motawea SM. Countering adipose tissue dysfunction could underlie the superiority of telmisartan in the treatment of obesity-related hypertension. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:70. [PMID: 33761942 PMCID: PMC7988926 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hypertension and obesity has increased significantly in recent decades. Hypertension and obesity often coexist, and both are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Obese hypertensive patients usually require special anti-hypertensive treatment strategy due to the increased risk of treatment resistance. Molecules that can target both obesity and hypertension underlying pathologies should get more attention. Herein, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of telmisartan, with special interest in visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, in obesity-related hypertension rat model. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were equally divided into: 1-Control group (fed normal laboratory diet for 24 weeks), 2-Diet-induced obesity group (DIO, fed high fat diet for 24 weeks), and 3-Diet-induced obesity treated with telmisartan group (DIO + Tel, fed high fat diet and received telmisartan for 24 weeks). At the end of the study, anthropometrical parameters were evaluated. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum lipids, adipokines, cardiac, renal, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Kidneys were removed and used for histopathological studies, and visceral adipose tissue was utilized for histopathological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR studies. RESULTS High fat diet resulted in obesity-related changes in anthropometrical parameters, elevation of blood pressure, increase in heart rate, higher serum levels of cardiac, inflammatory and kidney function biomarkers, with altered serum lipids, adipokines and oxidative stress markers. Morphological changes (H&E and PAS-stained sections) were noticed in kidneys and visceral adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR studies confirmed adipose tissue dysfunction and over-expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins. Telmisartan countered obesity-induced alterations in cardiovascular, renal, and adipose tissue functions. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue dysfunction could be the core pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension. Besides its anti-hypertensive effect, telmisartan had profound actions on visceral adipose tissue structure and function. Attention should be given to polymodal molecules targeting adipose tissue-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya M Naguib
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
- Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Rehab M Samaka
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Rizk
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Omnia Ameen
- Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Motawea
- Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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29
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Sampson CM, Dimet AL, Neelakantan H, Ogunseye KO, Stevenson HL, Hommel JD, Watowich SJ. Combined nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition and reduced-calorie diet normalizes body composition and enhances metabolic benefits in obese mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5637. [PMID: 33707534 PMCID: PMC7952898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a large and growing global health problem with few effective therapies. The present study investigated metabolic and physiological benefits of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor (NNMTi) treatment combined with a lean diet substitution in diet-induced obese mice. NNMTi treatment combined with lean diet substitution accelerated and improved body weight and fat loss, increased whole-body lean mass to body weight ratio, reduced liver and epididymal white adipose tissue weights, decreased liver adiposity, and improved hepatic steatosis, relative to a lean diet substitution alone. Importantly, combined lean diet and NNMTi treatment normalized body composition and liver adiposity parameters to levels observed in age-matched lean diet control mice. NNMTi treatment produced a unique metabolomic signature in adipose tissue, with predominant increases in ketogenic amino acid abundance and alterations to metabolites linked to energy metabolic pathways. Taken together, NNMTi treatment's modulation of body weight, adiposity, liver physiology, and the adipose tissue metabolome strongly support it as a promising therapeutic for obesity and obesity-driven comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Sampson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Dimet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kehinde O Ogunseye
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hommel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stanley J Watowich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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30
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Antraco VJ, Hirata BKS, de Jesus Simão J, Cruz MM, da Silva VS, da Cunha de Sá RDC, Abdala FM, Armelin-Correa L, Alonso-Vale MIC. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Stimulate Adipogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020622. [PMID: 33671850 PMCID: PMC7918199 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing impact of obesity on global human health intensifies the importance of studies focusing on agents interfering with the metabolism and remodeling not only of the white adipose tissue (WAT) but also of the liver. In the present study, we have addressed the impact of n-3 PUFA in adipose cells' proliferation and adipogenesis, as well as in the hepatic lipid profile and morphology. Mice were induced to obesity by the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. At the 9th week, the treatment with fish oil (FO) was initiated and maintained until the end of the period. The FO treatment reduced the animals' body mass, plasma lipids, glucose, plasma transaminases, liver mass, triacylglycerol, and cholesterol liver content when compared to animals consuming only HFD. FO also decreased the inguinal (ing) WAT mass, reduced adipocyte volume, increased adipose cellularity (hyperplasia), and increased the proliferation of adipose-derived stromal cells (AdSCs) which corroborates the increment in the proliferation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes or AdSCs treated in vitro with n-3 PUFA. After submitting the in vitro treated (n-3 PUFA) cells, 3T3-L1 and AdSCs, to an adipogenic cocktail, there was an increase in the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcriptional factors and other late adipocyte markers, as well as an increase in lipid accumulation when compared to not treated cells. Finally, the expression of browning-related genes was also higher in the n-3 PUFA treated group. We conclude that n-3 PUFA exerts an attenuating effect on body mass, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD. FO treatment led to decreasing adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy in ingWAT while increasing hyperplasia. Data suggest that FO treatment might induce recruitment (by increased proliferation and differentiation) of new adipocytes (white and/or beige) to the ingWAT, which is fundamental for the healthy expansion of WAT.
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31
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Monthé-Drèze C, Sen S, Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Catalano PM. Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Obesity on Newborn Body Composition, Growth and Length of Gestation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020578. [PMID: 33572368 PMCID: PMC7916127 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity, a state of chronic low-grade metabolic inflammation, is a growing health burden associated with offspring adiposity, abnormal fetal growth and prematurity, which are all linked to adverse offspring cardiometabolic health. Higher intake of anti-inflammatory omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in pregnancy has been associated with lower adiposity, higher birthweight and longer gestation. However, the effects of n-3 supplementation specifically in pregnant women with overweight and obesity (OWOB) have not been explored. We conducted a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial of 72 pregnant women with first trimester body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 to explore preliminary efficacy of n-3 supplementation. Participants were randomized to daily DHA plus EPA (2 g/d) or placebo (wheat germ oil) from 10-16 weeks gestation to delivery. Neonatal body composition, fetal growth and length of gestation were assessed. For the 48 dyads with outcome data, median (IQR) maternal BMI was 30.2 (28.2, 35.4) kg/m2. In sex-adjusted analyses, n-3 supplementation was associated with higher neonatal fat-free mass (β: 218 g; 95% CI 49, 387) but not with % body fat or fat mass. Birthweight for gestational age z-score (-0.17 ± 0.67 vs. -0.61 ± 0.61 SD unit, p = 0.02) was higher, and gestation longer (40 (38.5, 40.1) vs. 39 (38, 39.4) weeks, p = 0.02), in the treatment vs. placebo group. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA in women with OWOB led to higher lean mass accrual at birth as well as improved fetal growth and longer gestation. Larger well-powered trials of n-3 PUFA supplementation specifically in pregnant women with OWOB should be conducted to confirm these findings and explore the long-term impact on offspring obesity and cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Monthé-Drèze
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-525-4139
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Patrick M. Catalano
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
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32
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Antonio J, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Gualano B, Jagim AR, Kreider RB, Rawson ES, Smith-Ryan AE, VanDusseldorp TA, Willoughby DS, Ziegenfuss TN. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:13. [PMID: 33557850 PMCID: PMC7871530 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery. Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation produces a variety of beneficial effects in older and patient populations. Furthermore, evidence-based research shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (i.e. 3-5 g/day or 0.1 g/kg of body mass/day). Although there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving creatine supplementation, it is somewhat surprising that questions regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine still remain. These include, but are not limited to: 1. Does creatine lead to water retention? 2. Is creatine an anabolic steroid? 3. Does creatine cause kidney damage/renal dysfunction? 4. Does creatine cause hair loss / baldness? 5. Does creatine lead to dehydration and muscle cramping? 6. Is creatine harmful for children and adolescents? 7. Does creatine increase fat mass? 8. Is a creatine 'loading-phase' required? 9. Is creatine beneficial for older adults? 10. Is creatine only useful for resistance / power type activities? 11. Is creatine only effective for males? 12. Are other forms of creatine similar or superior to monohydrate and is creatine stable in solutions/beverages? To answer these questions, an internationally renowned team of research experts was formed to perform an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding creatine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA.
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Medicine, FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew R Jagim
- Sports Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Eric S Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
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Mukonowenzou NC, Dangarembizi R, Chivandi E, Nkomozepi P, Erlwanger KH. Administration of ursolic acid to new-born pups prevents dietary fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Sprague Dawley rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:101-112. [PMID: 32188531 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overconsumption of fructose time dependently induces the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether ursolic acid (UA) intake by new-born rats would protect against fructose-induced NAFLD. One hundred and seven male and female Sprague Dawley rat pups were randomly grouped and gavaged (10 ml/kg body weight) with either 0.5% dimethylsulphoxide (vehicle control), 0.05% UA, 50% fructose mixed with UA (0.05%) or 50% fructose alone, from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P20. Post-weaning (P21-P69), the rats received normal rat chow (NRC) and water to drink. On P70, the rats in each group were continued on water or 20% fructose to drink, as a secondary high fructose diet during adulthood. After 8 weeks, body mass, food and fluid intake, circulating metabolites, visceral adiposity, surrogate markers of liver function and indices of NAFLD were determined. Food intake was reduced as a result of fructose feeding in both male and female rats (p < 0.0001). Fructose consumption in adulthood significantly increased fluid intake and visceral adiposity in female rats (p < 0.05) and had no apparent effects in male rats (p > 0.05). In both sexes of rats, fructose had no significant (p > 0.05) effects on body mass, circulating metabolites, total calorie intake and surrogate markers of hepatic function. Fructose consumption in both early life and adulthood in female rats promoted hepatic lipid accumulation (p < 0.001), hypertrophy, microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis (p < 0.05). Early-life UA intake significantly (p < 0.001) reduced fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in both male and female rats. Administration of UA during periods of developmental plasticity shows prophylactic potential against dietary fructose-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyasha C Mukonowenzou
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Rachael Dangarembizi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Eliton Chivandi
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Pilani Nkomozepi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 37 Nind Street, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kennedy H Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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Saben JL, Sims CR, Abraham A, Bode L, Andres A. Human Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations and Infant Intakes Are Associated with Maternal Overweight and Obesity and Predict Infant Growth. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020446. [PMID: 33572881 PMCID: PMC7911788 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive molecules playing a critical role in infant health. We aimed to quantify the composition of HMOs of women with normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obesity (30.0–60.0 kg/m2) and determine the effect of HMO intake on infant growth. Human milk (HM) samples collected at 2 months (2 M; n = 194) postpartum were analyzed for HMO concentrations via high-performance liquid chromatography. Infant HM intake, anthropometrics and body composition were assessed at 2 M and 6 M postpartum. Linear regressions and linear mixed-effects models were conducted examining the relationships between maternal BMI and HMO composition and HMO intake and infant growth over the first 6 M, respectively. Maternal obesity was associated with lower concentrations of several fucosylated and sialylated HMOs and infants born to women with obesity had lower intakes of these HMOs. Maternal BMI was positively associated with lacto-N-neotetraose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3-sialyllactose and 6-sialyllactose and negatively associated with disialyllacto-N-tetraose, disialyllacto-N-hexaose, fucodisialyllacto-N-hexaose and total acidic HMOs concentrations at 2 M. Infant intakes of 3-fucosyllactose, 3-sialyllactose, 6-sialyllactose, disialyllacto-N-tetraose, disialyllacto-N-hexaose, and total acidic HMOs were positively associated with infant growth over the first 6 M of life. Maternal obesity is associated with changes in HMO concentrations that are associated with infant adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Saben
- J.L.S. Scientific Consulting, L.L.C., Thornton, CO 80229, USA;
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
| | - Clark R. Sims
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ann Abraham
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-364-3301
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Xu N, Chu J, Dong R, Lu F, Zhang X, Wang M, Shen Y, Xie Z, Ho CT, Yang CS, Wang Y, Wan X. Yellow Tea Stimulates Thermogenesis in Mice through Heterogeneous Browning of Adipose Tissues. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000864. [PMID: 33258303 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Large-leaf yellow tea (YT) exhibits interesting beneficial metabolic effects in previous studies. Here, the authors elucidated the actions of YT on thermogenesis, energy metabolism, and adipocyte metabolic conversion. METHODS AND RESULTS Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice are fed low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 0.5% or 2.5% YT. After treatment for 10 or 14 weeks, YT enhances energy expenditure, O2 consumption and CO2 production. YT strongly boosts thermogenic program in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), while only weakly in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT). These are accompanied by higher body temperature, increased mitochondrial copy numbers, and upregulation of thermogenic genes (Ucp1, Pgc1α, etc.) and proteins. The classic brown adipocyte markers (Eva1, Zic1) are induced only in BAT, while beige adipocyte markers (Tbx1, Tmem26) are boosted only in SAT. Furthermore, subcutaneous-originated preadipocytes are induced by YT in vitro to differentiate to brown-like adipocytes - a browning effect. CONCLUSION Dietary YT induces adaptive thermogenesis through increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in EAT, inducing beigeing in SAT and enhancing browning in the BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jun Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Key Laboratory of Xin 'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Ying Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
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Li X, Wu X, Jia Y, Fu J, Zhang L, Jiang T, Liu J, Wang G. Liraglutide Decreases Liver Fat Content and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Newly Diagnosed Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:3715026. [PMID: 34660809 PMCID: PMC8519721 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3715026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES In this study, we aimed to verify plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) elevation in newly diagnosed overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to evaluate the effectiveness of liraglutide on reducing liver fat content and serum (FGF21) levels in those patients. METHODS A 12-week, single-center, prospective study was conducted. Twenty newly diagnosed overweight patients with T2DM and NAFLD were recruited. Twenty healthy age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched subjects were enrolled as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum FGF21 levels. Liver fat content was determined using the 3.0 T whole-body MRI scanner. RESULTS Those newly diagnosed overweight patients with T2DM and NAFLD had a BMI of 27.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2. They had higher levels of FGF21 (159.6 ± 35.7 vs. 124.1 ± 42.9 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and increased liver fat content (19.3 ± 9.4 vs. 4.5 ± 0.6%, P < 0.001) compared to the controls. Liraglutide treatment for 12 weeks induced a significant 4.9 kg weight loss (95% confidence interval (CI): -6.1, -3.7, P < 0.001), which was equivalent to a relative reduction of 6.8% (95% CI: 5.3%, 8.3%, P < 0.001). FGF21 levels decreased after the 12-week liraglutide treatment (159.6 ± 35.7 vs. 124.2 ± 27.8 pg/ml, P = 0.006). There was a positive correlation between relative changes of liver fat content and relative change of FGF21 (r = 0.645, P = 0.002). FGF21 levels significantly decreased in patients who had a significant decrease in liver fat content (≥29%) (95% CI: -262.8, -55.1, P = 0.006); however, there was no significant change in the patients without a significant decrease in liver fat content (<29%) (95% CI: -60.0, 54.1, P = 0.899). CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide treatment reduced both liver fat content and FGF21 levels in newly diagnosed overweight patients with T2DM and NAFLD. FGF21 may be a potential biomarker for evaluating the effects of liraglutide treatment on hepatic fat and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gong ti South Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gong ti South Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yumei Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gong ti South Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gong ti South Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gong ti South Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gong ti South Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gong ti South Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gong ti South Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100020, China
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Li J, Li X, Liu D, Zhang S, Tan N, Yokota H, Zhang P. Phosphorylation of eIF2α signaling pathway attenuates obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an ER stress and autophagy-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1069. [PMID: 33318479 PMCID: PMC7736876 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder and frequently exacerbates in postmenopausal women. In NAFLD, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in lipid metabolism, in which salubrinal is a selective inhibitor of eIF2α de-phosphorylation in response to ER stress. To determine the potential mechanism of obesity-induced NAFLD, we employed salubrinal and evaluated the effect of ER stress and autophagy on lipid metabolism. Ninety-five female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: standard chow diet, high-fat (HF) diet, HF with salubrinal, HF with ovariectomy, and HF with ovariectomy and salubrinal. All mice except for SC were given HF diet. After the 8-week obesity induction, salubrinal was subcutaneously injected for the next 8 weeks. The expression of ER stress and autophagy markers was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Compared to the normal mice, the serum lipid level and adipose tissue were increased in obese mice, while salubrinal attenuated obesity by blocking lipid disorder. Also, the histological severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in the liver and lipidosis was suppressed in response to salubrinal. Furthermore, salubrinal inhibited ER stress by increasing the expression of p-eIF2α and ATF4 with a decrease in the level of CHOP. It promoted autophagy by increasing LC3II/I and inhibiting p62. Correlation analysis indicated that lipogenesis in the development of NAFLD was associated with ER stress. Collectively, we demonstrated that eIF2α played a key role in obesity-induced NAFLD, and salubrinal alleviated hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism by altering ER stress and autophagy through eIF2α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Nian Tan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Ortiz-Alvarado Y, Clark DR, Vega-Melendez CJ, Flores-Cruz Z, Domingez-Bello MG, Giray T. Antibiotics in hives and their effects on honey bee physiology and behavioral development. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio053884. [PMID: 33106276 PMCID: PMC7710009 DOI: 10.1242/bio.053884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent honeybee losses make it critical to understand the impact of human interventions, such as antibiotic use in apiculture. Antibiotics are used to prevent or treat bacterial infections in colonies. However, little is known about their effects on honeybee development. We studied the effect of two commercial beekeeping antibiotics on the bee physiology and behavior throughout development. Our results show that antibiotic treatments have an effect on amount of lipids and rate of behavioral development. Lipid amount in treated bees was higher than those not treated. Also, the timing of antibiotic treatment had distinct effects for the age of onset of behaviors, starting with cleaning, then nursing and lastly foraging. Bees treated during larva-pupa stages demonstrated an accelerated behavioral development and loss of lipids, while bees treated from larva to adulthood had a delay in behavioral development and loss of lipids. The effects were shared across the two antibiotics tested, TerramycinR (oxytetracycline) and TylanR (tylosin tartrate). These effects of antibiotic treatments suggest a role of microbiota in the interaction between the fat body and brain that is important for honeybee behavioral development.This paper has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Clark
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Zomary Flores-Cruz
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Biology, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Maria G Domingez-Bello
- Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Tugrul Giray
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Biology, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
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Czyż K, Sokoła-Wysoczańska E, Bodkowski R, Cholewińska P, Wyrostek A. Dietary Omega-3 Source Effect on the Fatty Acid Profile of Intramuscular and Perimuscular Fat-Preliminary Study on a Rat Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3382. [PMID: 33158055 PMCID: PMC7694194 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids from the omega-3 family are an important element of both human and animal diets. Their activity involves a range of functions for the functioning of a whole organism, and their presence in animal diets can be considered as a means for animal origin product enrichment for human benefit or as compounds profitable for an animal's health status. The aim of this preliminary study was to compare the effect of supplements rich in omega-3 fatty acids (linseed oil, linseed oil ethyl esters, and fish oil) in rat feed on the fatty acid profile of their intramuscular and perimuscular fat. The results demonstrated beneficial changes in fatty acid profiles (a decrease in saturated acids, an increase in unsaturated ones, i.e., omega-3 acids share) of examined tissues in the case of all supplements however, particular attention should be paid to linseed oil ethyl esters, which significantly increased the content of all omega-3 acids. Supplementation of animal diet with linseed oil ethyl esters may be beneficial for both animals, as omega-3 fatty acids exhibit profitable properties related to an animal's health status and productivity, and humans who consume such enriched products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czyż
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (R.B.); (P.C.); (A.W.)
| | | | - Robert Bodkowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (R.B.); (P.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Paulina Cholewińska
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (R.B.); (P.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wyrostek
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (R.B.); (P.C.); (A.W.)
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Venkatratnam A, Douillet C, Topping BC, Shi Q, Addo KA, Ideraabdullah FY, Fry RC, Styblo M. Sex-dependent effects of preconception exposure to arsenite on gene transcription in parental germ cells and on transcriptomic profiles and diabetic phenotype of offspring. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:473-488. [PMID: 33145626 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been linked to diabetic phenotypes in both humans and mice. However, diabetogenic effects of iAs exposure during specific developmental windows have never been systematically studied. We have previously shown that in mice, combined preconception and in utero exposures to iAs resulted in impaired glucose homeostasis in male offspring. The goal of the present study was to determine if preconception exposure alone can contribute to this outcome. We have examined metabolic phenotypes in male and female offspring from dams and sires that were exposed to iAs in drinking water (0 or 200 μg As/L) for 10 weeks prior to mating. The effects of iAs exposure on gene expression profiles in parental germ cells, and pancreatic islets and livers from offspring were assessed using RNA sequencing. We found that iAs exposure significantly altered transcript levels of genes, including diabetes-related genes, in the sperm of sires. Notably, some of the same gene transcripts and the associated pathways were also altered in the liver of the offspring. The exposure had a more subtle effect on gene expression in maternal oocytes and in pancreatic islets of the offspring. In female offspring, the preconception exposure was associated with increased adiposity, but lower blood glucose after fasting and after glucose challenge. HOMA-IR, the indicator of insulin resistance, was also lower. In contrast, the preconception exposure had no effects on blood glucose measures in male offspring. However, males from parents exposed to iAs had higher plasma insulin after glucose challenge and higher insulinogenic index than control offspring, indicating a greater requirement for insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. Our results suggest that preconception exposure may contribute to the development of diabetic phenotype in male offspring, possibly mediated through germ cell-associated inheritance. Future research can investigate role of epigenetics in this phenomenon. The paradoxical outcomes in female offspring, suggesting a protective effect of the preconception exposure, warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Venkatratnam
- Department of Nutrition, CB# 7461, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, CB#7431, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7431, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, CB# 7461, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Brent C Topping
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, CB#7431, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7431, USA
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Nutrition, CB# 7461, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Kezia A Addo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, CB#7431, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7431, USA
| | - Folami Y Ideraabdullah
- Department of Nutrition, CB# 7461, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
- Department of Genetics, CB#7264, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, CB#7431, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7431, USA.
| | - Miroslav Styblo
- Department of Nutrition, CB# 7461, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA.
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Kim JG, Lee BJ, Jeong JK. Temporal Leptin to Determine Cardiovascular and Metabolic Fate throughout the Life. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113256. [PMID: 33114326 PMCID: PMC7690895 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin links peripheral adiposity and the central nervous system (CNS) to regulate cardiometabolic physiology. Within the CNS, leptin receptor-expressing cells are a counterpart to circulating leptin, and leptin receptor-mediated neural networks modulate the output of neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous activity to balance cardiometabolic homeostasis. Therefore, disrupted CNS leptin signaling is directly implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Independently, maternal leptin also plays a central role in the development and growth of the infant during gestation. Accumulating evidence points to the dynamic maternal leptin environment as a predictor of cardiometabolic fate in their offspring as it is directly associated with infant metabolic parameters at birth. In postnatal life, the degree of serum leptin is representative of the level of body adiposity/weight, a driving factor for cardiometabolic alterations, and therefore, the levels of blood leptin through the CNS mechanism, in a large part, are a strong determinant for future cardiometabolic fate. The current review focuses on highlighting and discussing recent updates for temporal dissection of leptin-associated programing of future cardiometabolic fate throughout the entire life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Institute for New Drug Development, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.K.J.); Tel.: +82-52-259-2351 (B.J.L.); +1-202-994-9815 (J.K.J.)
| | - Jin Kwon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Correspondence: (B.J.L.); (J.K.J.); Tel.: +82-52-259-2351 (B.J.L.); +1-202-994-9815 (J.K.J.)
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Choi C, Song HD, Son Y, Cho YK, Ahn SY, Jung YS, Yoon YC, Kwon SW, Lee YH. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Visceral Adiposity Partly through the Regulation of Beclin1-Dependent Autophagy in White Adipose Tissues. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103072. [PMID: 33050029 PMCID: PMC7600517 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a primary bioactive phytochemical in green tea. Its therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases has been reported; however, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of EGCG have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of EGCG on lipid metabolism and autophagy in adipose tissue. After 8 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, mice were treated with EGCG (20 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks to test in vivo anti-obesity effects of EGCG. EGCG treatment improved glucose tolerance and caused body weight loss. Interestingly, reduced adipose tissue mass was more prominent in visceral compared to subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Mechanistically, EGCG treatment increased autophagic flux in white adipose tissue through the AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling pathway. Adipocyte-specific knockout of Beclin1 mitigated the effects of EGCG on visceral adipose tissue mass and glucose tolerance, indicating that the anti-obesity effect of EGCG requires Beclin1-dependent autophagy. Collectively, our data demonstrated that EGCG has anti-obesity effects through the upregulation of Beclin1-dependent autophagy and lipid catabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.C.); (H.-D.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.C.); (S.-Y.A.); (Y.C.Y.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Hyun-Doo Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.C.); (H.-D.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.C.); (S.-Y.A.); (Y.C.Y.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.C.); (H.-D.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.C.); (S.-Y.A.); (Y.C.Y.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.C.); (H.-D.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.C.); (S.-Y.A.); (Y.C.Y.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Sang-Yeop Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.C.); (H.-D.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.C.); (S.-Y.A.); (Y.C.Y.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Young Cheol Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.C.); (H.-D.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.C.); (S.-Y.A.); (Y.C.Y.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.C.); (H.-D.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.C.); (S.-Y.A.); (Y.C.Y.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.C.); (H.-D.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.C.); (S.-Y.A.); (Y.C.Y.); (S.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2139; Fax: 82-2-872-1795
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Fouda YB, Ngo Lemba Tom E, Atsamo AD, Bonabe C, Dimo T. Effects of stem bark aqueous extract of Fagara tessmannii Engl (Rutaceae) on cardiovascular risks related to monosodium glutamate-induced obesity in rat: In vivo and in vitro assessments. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 260:112972. [PMID: 32446928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagara tessmannii is a shrub of the African rainforests in South-West, Centre, South and East provinces in Cameroon. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of tumors, swellings, inflammation, gonorrhoea, schistosomiasis, antifungal, heart diseases and as anti-hypertensive. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the potential effects of F. tessmannii on cardiovascular risk related to monosodium glutamate-induced obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monosodium glutamate (MSG, 4 mg/g/day) was injected subcutaneously to newborn Wistar rats for the four consecutive first days of their life and on the 6th, 8th and 10th day after birth. After 21 weeks, obese rats were treated orally with F. tessmannii (100 or 200 mg/kg/day), orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) or telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Body weight, obesity, body mass index (BMI), Lee index, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile as a Coronary Risk Index (CRI), and reactivity of isolated thoracic aorta were evaluated. RESULTS In addition to significantly decrease body weight (17.60% and 20.34%), BMI, Lee's index, retroperitoneal fat, total adiposity, and coronary risk indicators, F. tessmannii has significantly decreased insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and high blood pressure observed in MSG-obese rats. The high contractility to phenylephrine as well as the hypersensitivity to sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide-donor), observed in MSG aortic rings were significantly reduced by the F. tessmannii extract. Enhanced serum Na+ and Cl- levels and decreased K+ observed in obese rats were also significantly reversed after F. tessmannii treatment. CONCLUSIONS F. tessmannii fights against obesity and associated cardiovascular risks by modulating production and vascular responsiveness to vasoactive factors, monitoring premature aging. F. tessmannii promotes the loss of ectopic fat and other fatty tissues, the sensitivity of the peripherical tissues to insulin, the energy expenditure and the renovascular decompression and regulates ions movement which prevents hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Bekono Fouda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Esther Ngo Lemba Tom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Albert Donatien Atsamo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Christian Bonabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Ohashi N, Aoki T, Matsuyama T, Ishigaki S, Isobe S, Fujikura T, Hashimoto T, Tsuriya D, Morita H, Kato A, Yasuda H. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Immediately Decreases Serum Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926086. [PMID: 33004785 PMCID: PMC7537479 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new antihyperglycemic drugs for type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors ameliorate cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as kidney disease progression by reducing body weight (BW), blood pressure (BP), visceral adiposity, albuminuria, and serum uric acid and blood glucose levels. However, it is not clear which effects are pronounced, and what mechanisms are associated with these effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study recruited patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor for the first time in our outpatient department. Clinical parameters were measured before and 6 months after the administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor, without the addition of new drugs and dose changes for all prescribed drugs. RESULTS This study recruited 24 patients with type 2 diabetes. No significant differences in BP, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed after SGLT2 inhibitor administration. In contrast, BW and serum uric acid levels decreased significantly, and the fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) increased significantly after administration. While no significant relationships were observed between serum uric acid and FEUA with respect to the percentage changes from baseline values, the percentage changes in serum uric acid levels from baseline were significantly and positively associated with those in serum creatinine levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum uric acid levels were immediately decreased owing to the administration of SGLT2 inhibitor, but BP, blood glucose, and serum lipid levels were unchanged. These changes in serum uric acid levels may be associated with changes in renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naro Ohashi
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Aoki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ishigaki
- Blood Purification Unit, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Isobe
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujikura
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuriya
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kato
- Blood Purification Unit, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasuda
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Poprzeczny AJ, Louise J, Deussen AR, Dodd JM. Effect of metformin in addition to an antenatal diet and lifestyle intervention on fetal growth and adiposity: the GRoW randomised trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:139. [PMID: 32928167 PMCID: PMC7488668 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infants born to women who are overweight or obese in pregnancy are at an increased risk of being born macrosomic or large for gestational age. Antenatal dietary and lifestyle interventions have been shown to be ineffective at reducing this risk. Our aim was to examine the effects of metformin in addition to a diet and lifestyle intervention on fetal growth and adiposity among women with a BMI above the healthy range. METHODS Women who had a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 in early pregnancy, and a singleton gestation, were enrolled in the GRoW trial from three public maternity hospitals in metropolitan Adelaide. Women were invited to have a research ultrasounds at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation at which ultrasound measures of fetal biometry and adiposity were obtained. Fetal biometry z-scores and trajectories were calculated. Measurements and calculations were compared between treatment groups. This secondary analysis was pre-specified. RESULTS Ultrasound data from 511 women were included in this analysis. The difference in femur length at 36 weeks' gestation was (0.07 cm, 95% CI 0.01-0.14 cm, p = 0.019) and this was was statistically significant, however the magnitude of effect was small. Differences between treatment groups for all other fetal biometry measures, z-scores, estimated fetal weight, and adiposity measures at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation were similar. CONCLUSIONS The addition of metformin to dietary and lifestyle advice in pregnancy for overweight and obese women has no clinically relevant effect on ultrasound measures of fetal biometry or adiposity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12612001277831 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Poprzeczny
- The University of Adelaide, The Robinson Research Institute, and Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, The Women's and Children's Hospital, Women's and Babies Division, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- The University of Adelaide, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.
| | - Jennie Louise
- The University of Adelaide, The Robinson Research Institute, and Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea R Deussen
- The University of Adelaide, The Robinson Research Institute, and Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jodie M Dodd
- The University of Adelaide, The Robinson Research Institute, and Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, The Women's and Children's Hospital, Women's and Babies Division, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Dou JF, Puttabyatappa M, Padmanabhan V, Bakulski KM. Developmental programming: Transcriptional regulation of visceral and subcutaneous adipose by prenatal bisphenol-A in female sheep. Chemosphere 2020; 255:127000. [PMID: 32417515 PMCID: PMC7418632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure is widespread and early life exposure is associated with metabolic syndrome. While visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome, the adipose depot-specific effects of prenatal BPA treatment are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of prenatal BPA exposure on genome-wide gene expression of VAT and SAT depots. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on SAT and VAT from 21-month old control and prenatal BPA-treated female sheep. Gene expression and pathway differences between SAT and VAT depots with or without prenatal BPA-treatment and the effect of prenatal BPA treatment on each depot were tested. RESULTS There were 179 differentially expressed genes (padjusted < 0.05, log2-fold change >2.5) between SAT and VAT. Development and immune response pathways were upregulated in SAT, while metabolic pathways were upregulated in VAT. These adipose depot-specific genes and pathways were consistent with prenatal BPA-treatment. In SAT, BPA-treatment resulted in differential expression of 108 genes (78% upregulated with BPA) and altered pathways (immune response downregulated, RNA processing upregulated). In contrast in VAT, BPA-treatment differentially expressed 4 genes and upregulated chromatin and RNA processing pathways. CONCLUSION Prenatal BPA-treatment induces adult depot-specific alterations in RNA expression in inflammation, RNA processing, and chromatin pathways, reflecting the diverse roles of SAT and VAT in regulating lipid storage and insulin sensitivity. These adipose tissue transcriptional dysregulations may contribute to the metabolic disorders observed in prenatal BPA-treated female sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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47
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Mitro SD, Sagiv SK, Fleisch AF, Jaacks LM, Williams PL, Rifas-Shiman SL, Calafat AM, Hivert MF, Oken E, James-Todd TM. Pregnancy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations and Postpartum Health in Project Viva: A Prospective Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa431. [PMID: 32620010 PMCID: PMC7418448 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental chemicals linked to weight gain and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE We examined the extent to which PFAS plasma concentrations during pregnancy were associated with postpartum anthropometry and biomarkers. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MEASURES We studied women recruited between 1999 and 2002 in the Project Viva prospective cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetic acid (EtFOSAA). Three-year postpartum anthropometry measurements were available from 786 to 801 women, blood pressure from 761 women, and blood biomarkers from 450 to 454 women. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the association of log2-transformed PFAS with postpartum anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein), adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, marital status, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, parity, and breastfeeding history. RESULTS Pregnancy concentrations of certain PFAS were associated with greater adiposity (eg, 0.4 cm [95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -0.1, 0.9] greater waist circumference per doubling in EtFOSAA; 0.2 cm [95%CI: -0.1, 0.5] greater mid-upper arm circumference per doubling in PFOA; 1.2 mm [95%CI: 0.1, 2.2] thicker sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds per doubling in PFOS) and higher systolic blood pressure (eg, 1.2 mm Hg [95%CI: 0.3, 2.2] per doubling in PFOS) at 3 years postpartum. Higher EtFOSAA concentrations were also associated with 10.8% higher IL-6 (95%CI: 3.3, 18.9) and 6.1% lower SHBG (95%CI: 0.7, 11.2) per doubling. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy concentrations of EtFOSAA, PFOS, and PFOA were associated with adverse postpartum cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna D Mitro
- Population Health Sciences Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center; and Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, US
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Tamarra M James-Todd
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
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Ewbank SN, Campos CA, Chen JY, Bowen AJ, Padilla SL, Dempsey JL, Cui JY, Palmiter RD. Chronic G q signaling in AgRP neurons does not cause obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20874-20880. [PMID: 32764144 PMCID: PMC7456117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004941117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining energy homeostasis requires coordinating physiology and behavior both on an acute timescale to adapt to rapid fluctuations in caloric intake and on a chronic timescale to regulate body composition. Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons are acutely activated by caloric need, and this acute activation promotes increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure. On a longer timescale, AgRP neurons exhibit chronic hyperactivity under conditions of obesity and high dietary fat consumption, likely due to leptin resistance; however, the behavioral and metabolic effects of chronic AgRP neuronal hyperactivity remain unexplored. Here, we use chemogenetics to manipulate Gq signaling in AgRP neurons in mice to explore the hypothesis that chronic activation of AgRP neurons promotes obesity. Inducing chronic Gq signaling in AgRP neurons initially increased food intake and caused dramatic weight gain, in agreement with published data; however, food intake returned to baseline levels within 1 wk, and body weight returned to baseline levels within 60 d. Additionally, we found that, when mice had elevated body weight due to chronic Gq signaling in AgRP neurons, energy expenditure was not altered but adiposity and lipid metabolism were both increased, even under caloric restriction. These findings reveal that the metabolic and behavioral effects of chronic Gq signaling in AgRP neurons are distinct from the previously reported effects of acute Gq signaling and also of leptin insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedona N Ewbank
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Carlos A Campos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jane Y Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Anna J Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Stephanie L Padilla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Chen YT, Hu Y, Yang QY, Son JS, Liu XD, de Avila JM, Zhu MJ, Du M. Excessive Glucocorticoids During Pregnancy Impair Fetal Brown Fat Development and Predispose Offspring to Metabolic Dysfunctions. Diabetes 2020; 69:1662-1674. [PMID: 32409491 PMCID: PMC7372078 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy exposes fetuses to hyperglucocorticoids, which increases the risk of metabolic dysfunctions in offspring. Despite being a key tissue for maintaining metabolic health, the impacts of maternal excessive glucocorticoids (GC) on fetal brown adipose tissue (BAT) development and its long-term thermogenesis and energy expenditure remain unexamined. For testing, pregnant mice were administered dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC, in the last trimester of gestation, when BAT development is the most active. DEX offspring had glucose, insulin resistance, and adiposity and also displayed cold sensitivity following cold exposure. In BAT of DEX offspring, Ppargc1a expression was suppressed, together with reduced mitochondrial density, and the brown progenitor cells sorted from offspring BAT demonstrated attenuated brown adipogenic capacity. Increased DNA methylation in Ppargc1a promoter had a fetal origin; elevated DNA methylation was also detected in neonatal BAT and brown progenitors. Mechanistically, fetal GC exposure increased GC receptor/DNMT3b complex in binding to the Ppargc1a promoter, potentially driving its de novo DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing, which impaired fetal BAT development. In summary, maternal GC exposure during pregnancy increases DNA methylation in the Ppargc1a promoter, which epigenetically impairs BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure, predisposing offspring to metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Yun Hu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Qi-Yuan Yang
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jeanene M de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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Duggan BM, Cavallari JF, Foley KP, Barra NG, Schertzer JD. RIPK2 Dictates Insulin Responses to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Obese Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5849113. [PMID: 32473019 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used in cancer are also being investigated in diabetes. TKIs can improve blood glucose control in diabetic cancer patients, but the specific kinases that alter blood glucose or insulin are not clear. We sought to define the role of Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (RIPK2) in mouse models of insulin resistance. We tested the TKI gefitinib, which inhibits RIPK2 activity, in wild-type (WT), Nod1-/-, Nod2-/-, and Ripk2-/- mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet. Gefitinib lowered blood glucose during a glucose tolerance test (GTT) in a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-RIPK2-independent manner in all obese mice. However, gefitinib lowered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion only in obese Ripk2-/- mice. Gefitinib had no effect on insulin secretion in obese WT, Nod1-/-, or Nod2-/- mice. Hence, genetic deletion of Ripk2 promoted the insulin-sensitizing potential of gefitinib, since this TKI lowered both blood glucose and insulin only in Ripk2-/- mice. Gefitinib did not alter the inflammatory profile of pancreas, adipose, liver, or muscle tissues in obese Ripk2-/- mice compared with obese WT mice. We also tested imatinib, a TKI that does not inhibit RIPK2 activity, in obese WT mice. Imatinib lowered blood glucose during a GTT, consistent with TKIs lowering blood glucose independently of RIPK2. However, imatinib increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during the glucose challenge. These data show that multiple TKIs lower blood glucose, where actions of TKIs on RIPK2 dictate divergent insulin responses, independent of tissue inflammation. Our data show that RIPK2 limits the insulin sensitizing effect of gefitinib, whereas imatinib increased insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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