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Anhê FF, Barra NG, Cavallari JF, Henriksbo BD, Schertzer JD. Metabolic endotoxemia is dictated by the type of lipopolysaccharide. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109691. [PMID: 34525353 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) can promote metabolic endotoxemia, which is considered inflammatory and metabolically detrimental based on Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 agonists, such as Escherichia coli-derived LPS. LPSs from certain bacteria antagonize TLR4 yet contribute to endotoxemia measured by endotoxin units (EUs). We found that E. coli LPS impairs gut barrier function and worsens glycemic control in mice, but equal doses of LPSs from other bacteria do not. Matching the LPS dose from R. sphaeroides and E. coli by EUs reveals that only E. coli LPS promotes dysglycemia and adipose inflammation, delays intestinal glucose absorption, and augments insulin and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 secretion. Metabolically beneficial endotoxemia promoted by R. sphaeroides LPS counteracts dysglycemia caused by an equal dose of E. coli LPS and improves glucose control in obese mice. The concept of metabolic endotoxemia should be expanded beyond LPS load to include LPS characteristics, such as lipid A acylation, which dictates the effect of metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Barra NG, Anhê FF, Cavallari JF, Singh AM, Chan DY, Schertzer JD. Micronutrients impact the gut microbiota and blood glucose. J Endocrinol 2021; 250:R1-R21. [PMID: 34165440 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients influence hormone action and host metabolism. Dietary minerals, trace elements, and vitamins can alter blood glucose and cellular glucose metabolism, and several micronutrients are associated with the risk and progression of type 2 diabetes. Dietary components, microbes, and host immune, endocrine, and metabolic responses all interact in the intestine. There has been a focus on macronutrients modifying the host-microbe relationship in metabolic disease. Micronutrients are positioned to alter host-microbe symbiosis that participates in host endocrine control of glucose metabolism. Minerals and trace elements can alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota, gut barrier function, compartmentalized metabolic inflammation, cellular glucose transport, and endocrine control of glucose metabolism, including insulin and thyroid hormones. Dietary vitamins also influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota and vitamins can be biotransformed by gut microbes. Host-microbe regulation of vitamins can alter immunity, lipid and glucose metabolism, and cell fate and function of pancreatic beta cells. Causal effects of micronutrients in host-microbe metabolism are still emerging, and the mechanisms linking dietary excess or deficiency of specific micronutrients to changes in gut microbes directly linked to metabolic disease risk are not yet clear. Dietary fiber, fat, protein, and carbohydrates are key dietary factors that impact how microbes participate in host glucose metabolism. It is possible that micronutrient and microbiota-derived factors also participate in host-microbe responses that tip the balance in the endocrine control of host glucose metabolism. Dietary micronutrients should be considered, tested, and controlled in pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating host-microbe factors in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando F Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita M Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl Y Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Foley KP, Zlitni S, Duggan BM, Barra NG, Anhê FF, Cavallari JF, Henriksbo BD, Chen CY, Huang M, Lau TC, Plante R, Schwab M, Marette A, Schertzer JD. Gut microbiota impairs insulin clearance in obese mice. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101067. [PMID: 32860984 PMCID: PMC7522491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyperinsulinemia can be both a cause and consequence of obesity and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia can result from increased insulin secretion and/or reduced insulin clearance. While many studies have focused on mechanisms triggering insulin secretion during obesity, the triggers for changes in insulin clearance during obesity are less defined. In this study, we investigated the role of the microbiota in regulating insulin clearance during diet-induced obesity. Methods Blood glucose and insulin clearance were tested in conventional male mice treated with antibiotics and germ-free mice colonized with microbes from mice that were fed a control (chow) diet or an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD). The composition of the fecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Short-term HFD feeding and aging did not alter insulin clearance in the mice. Oral antibiotics mitigated impaired blood insulin clearance in the mice fed an HFD for 12 weeks or longer. Germ-free mice colonized with microbes from HFD-fed donor mice had impaired insulin but not C-peptide clearance. Microbe-transmissible insulin clearance impairment was only observed in germ-free mice after more than 6 weeks post-colonization upon HFD feeding. Five bacterial taxa predicted >90% of the variance in insulin clearance. Mechanistically, impaired insulin clearance was associated with lower levels of hepatic Ceacam-1 but increased liver and skeletal muscle insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) activity. Conclusions Gut microbes regulate insulin clearance during diet-induced obesity. A small cluster of microbes or their metabolites may be targeted for mitigating defects in insulin clearance and hyperinsulinemia during the progression of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity impairs insulin clearance in mice, which is mitigated by antibiotics. The gut microbiota contributes to impaired insulin but not C-peptide clearance. The gut microbiota is a stand-alone factor that impairs insulin clearance. A cluster of related bacteria predict >90% of the variance in insulin clearance. Impaired insulin clearance is associated with lower hepatic Ceacam-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Soumaya Zlitni
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Fernando F Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Cassandra Y Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Michael Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Trevor C Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Roxanne Plante
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Michael Schwab
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Duggan BM, Cavallari JF, Foley KP, Barra NG, Schertzer JD. RIPK2 Dictates Insulin Responses to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Obese Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5849113. [PMID: 32473019 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used in cancer are also being investigated in diabetes. TKIs can improve blood glucose control in diabetic cancer patients, but the specific kinases that alter blood glucose or insulin are not clear. We sought to define the role of Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (RIPK2) in mouse models of insulin resistance. We tested the TKI gefitinib, which inhibits RIPK2 activity, in wild-type (WT), Nod1-/-, Nod2-/-, and Ripk2-/- mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet. Gefitinib lowered blood glucose during a glucose tolerance test (GTT) in a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-RIPK2-independent manner in all obese mice. However, gefitinib lowered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion only in obese Ripk2-/- mice. Gefitinib had no effect on insulin secretion in obese WT, Nod1-/-, or Nod2-/- mice. Hence, genetic deletion of Ripk2 promoted the insulin-sensitizing potential of gefitinib, since this TKI lowered both blood glucose and insulin only in Ripk2-/- mice. Gefitinib did not alter the inflammatory profile of pancreas, adipose, liver, or muscle tissues in obese Ripk2-/- mice compared with obese WT mice. We also tested imatinib, a TKI that does not inhibit RIPK2 activity, in obese WT mice. Imatinib lowered blood glucose during a GTT, consistent with TKIs lowering blood glucose independently of RIPK2. However, imatinib increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during the glucose challenge. These data show that multiple TKIs lower blood glucose, where actions of TKIs on RIPK2 dictate divergent insulin responses, independent of tissue inflammation. Our data show that RIPK2 limits the insulin sensitizing effect of gefitinib, whereas imatinib increased insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cavallari JF, Pokrajac NT, Zlitni S, Foley KP, Henriksbo BD, Schertzer JD. NOD2 in hepatocytes engages a liver-gut axis to protect against steatosis, fibrosis, and gut dysbiosis during fatty liver disease in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E305-E314. [PMID: 32516028 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00181.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The intestinal microbiota contributes to NAFLD progression through a gut-to-liver pathway that promotes inflammation and fibrosis. Gut microbiota-derived factors can travel to the liver and activate immune responses in liver resident cells to promote inflammation and NAFLD. Little is known about bacterial sensors or immune responses that can protect against NAFLD. We tested whether the bacterial cell wall sensor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD)2 protects against diet-induced NAFLD in mice. Whole body deletion of NOD2 exacerbated liver steatosis and fibrosis in mice fed a NAFLD-promoting diet. Mice with a hepatocyte-specific deletion of NOD2 (Nod2-/-HKO) also had higher liver steatosis and fibrosis compared with littermate wild-type mice (WT) fed a NAFLD-promoting diet. Hepatocyte-specific NOD2 deletion altered the composition of the gut microbiome. Nod2-/-HKO mice had increased relative abundance of Clostridiales and lower Erysipelotrichaceae among other changes in cecal bacteria compared with littermate WT mice. Hepatocyte-specific NOD2 deletion altered a transcriptional program of liver inflammation, metabolism, and fibrosis. Nod2-/-HKO mice had higher levels of transcripts involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Nod2-/-HKO mice had higher transcript levels of transforming growth factor-β and collagen isoforms, which coincided with higher levels of liver collagen compared with WT mice. These data show that bacterial cell wall sensing within hepatocytes can engage retrograde cross-talk from the liver to the gut, where liver immunity communicates with the gut to influence the intestinal host-microbe relationship during diet-induced NAFLD, and NOD2 within the hepatocyte confers protection from liver steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nenad T Pokrajac
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soumaya Zlitni
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cavallari JF, Barra NG, Foley KP, Lee A, Duggan BM, Henriksbo BD, Anhê FF, Ashkar AA, Schertzer JD. Postbiotics for NOD2 require nonhematopoietic RIPK2 to improve blood glucose and metabolic inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E579-E585. [PMID: 32101030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00033.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Defining the host receptors and metabolic consequences of bacterial components can help explain how the microbiome influences metabolic diseases. Bacterial peptidoglycans that activate nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD)1 worsen glucose control, whereas NOD2 activation improves glycemia. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is required for innate immunity instigated by NOD1 and NOD2. The role of RIPK2 in the divergent effects of NOD1 versus NOD2 on blood glucose was unknown. We found that whole body deletion of RIPK2 negated all effects of NOD1 or NOD2 activation on blood glucose during an acute, low level endotoxin challenge in mice. It was known that NOD1 in hematopoietic cells participates in insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in obese mice. It was unknown if RIPK2 in hematopoietic cells is required for the glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of NOD2 activation. We hypothesized that RIPK2 in nonhematopoietic cells dictated the glycemic effects of NOD2 activation. We found that whole body deletion of RIPK2 prevented the glucose-lowering effects of repeated NOD2 activation that were evident during a glucose tolerance test (GTT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild-type (WT) mice. NOD2 activation lowered glucose during a GTT and lowered adipose tissue inflammation in mice with RIPK2 deleted in hematopoietic cells. We conclude that RIPK2 in nonhematopoietic cells mediates the glucose lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of NOD2-activating postbiotics. We propose a model where lipopolysaccharides and NOD1 ligands synergize in hematopoietic cells to promote insulin resistance but NOD2 activation in nonhematopoietic cells promotes RIPK2-dependent immune tolerance and lowering of inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Lee
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Forato Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Henriksbo BD, Tamrakar AK, Xu J, Duggan BM, Cavallari JF, Phulka J, Stampfli MR, Ashkar AA, Schertzer JD. Statins Promote Interleukin-1β-Dependent Adipocyte Insulin Resistance Through Lower Prenylation, Not Cholesterol. Diabetes 2019; 68:1441-1448. [PMID: 31010959 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins lower cholesterol and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but this drug class increases diabetes risk. Statins are generally anti-inflammatory. However, statins can promote inflammasome-mediated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance through an unidentified immune effector. Statins lower mevalonate pathway intermediates beyond cholesterol, but it is unknown whether lower cholesterol underpins statin-mediated insulin resistance. We sought to define the mevalonate pathway metabolites and immune effectors that propagate statin-induced adipose insulin resistance. We found that LDL cholesterol lowering was dispensable, but statin-induced lowering of isoprenoids required for protein prenylation triggered NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-dependent insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Multiple statins impaired insulin action at the level of Akt/protein kinase B signaling in mouse adipose tissue. Providing geranylgeranyl isoprenoids or inhibiting caspase-1 prevented statin-induced defects in insulin signaling. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) impaired insulin signaling in adipose tissue from wild-type and IL-18-/- mice, but not IL-1β-/- mice. Atorvastatin decreased cell-autonomous insulin-stimulated lipogenesis but did not alter lipolysis or glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results show that statin lowering of prenylation isoprenoids activates caspase-1/IL-1β inflammasome responses that impair endocrine control of adipocyte lipogenesis. This may allow the targeting of cholesterol-independent statin side effects on adipose lipid handling without compromising the blood lipid/cholesterol-lowering effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joshua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jobanjit Phulka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin R Stampfli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cavallari JF, Anhê FF, Foley KP, Denou E, Chan RW, Bowdish DME, Schertzer JD. Targeting macrophage scavenger receptor 1 promotes insulin resistance in obese male mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13930. [PMID: 30485705 PMCID: PMC6260912 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune components can bridge inflammatory triggers to metabolic dysfunction. Scavenger receptors sense lipoproteins, but it is not clear how different scavenger receptors alter carbohydrate metabolism during obesity. Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) and macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) are scavenger receptors that have been implicated in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease. We assessed glucose control, tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in Msr1- and Marco-deficient mice fed with obesogenic diets. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, Msr1-/- mice had worse blood glucose control that was only revealed after diet-induced obesity, not in lean mice. Obese Msr1-/- mice had worse insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the adipose tissue, which occurred in the absence of overt differences in adipose inflammation compared to obese WT mice. Msr1 deletion worsened dysglycemia independently from bacterial cell wall insulin sensitizers, such as muramyl dipeptide. MARCO was dispensable for glycemic control in obese mice. Oral administration of the polysaccharide fucoidan worsened glucose control in obese WT mice, but fucoidan had no effect on glycemia in obese Msr1-/- mice. Therefore, MSR1 is a scavenger receptor responsible for changes in glucose control in response to the environmental ligand fucoidan. Given the interest in dietary supplements and natural products reducing inflammation or insulin resistance in metabolic disease during obesity, our results highlight the importance of understanding which ligand-receptor relationships promote versus those that protect against metabolic disease factors. Our results show that ligand or gene targeting of MSR1 exacerbates insulin resistance in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Fernando F. Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Emmanuel Denou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Rebecca W. Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Dawn M. E. Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and McMaster Immunology Research CentreMcMaster University and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease ResearchHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Cavallari JF, Schertzer JD. Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to Energy Balance, Metabolic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26:161-171. [PMID: 31089513 PMCID: PMC6484920 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The origins of obesity are multi-factorial, but ultimately rooted in increased host energy accumulation or retention. The gut microbiota has been implicated in control of host energy balance and nutrient extraction from dietary sources. The microbiota also impacts host immune status and dysbiosis-related inflammation can augment insulin resistance, independently of obesity. Advances in microbial metagenomic analyses and directly manipulating bacterial-host models of obesity have contributed to our understanding of the relationship between gut bacteria and metabolic disease. Foodborne, or drug-mediated perturbations to the gut microbiota can increase metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and dysglycemia. There is now some evidence that specific bacterial species can influence obesity and related metabolic defects such as insulin sensitivity. Components of bacteria are sufficient to impact obesity-related changes in metabolism. In fact, different microbial components derived from the bacterial cell wall can increase or decrease insulin resistance. Improving our understanding of the how components of the microbiota alter host metabolism is positioned to aid in the development of dietary interventions, avoiding triggers of dysbiosis, and generating novel therapeutic strategies to combat increasing rates of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada
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10
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Cavallari JF, Fullerton MD, Duggan BM, Foley KP, Denou E, Smith BK, Desjardins EM, Henriksbo BD, Kim KJ, Tuinema BR, Stearns JC, Prescott D, Rosenstiel P, Coombes BK, Steinberg GR, Schertzer JD. Muramyl Dipeptide-Based Postbiotics Mitigate Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance via IRF4. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1063-1074.e3. [PMID: 28434881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis contributes to obesity and insulin resistance, but intervening with antibiotics, prebiotics, or probiotics can be limited by specificity or sustained changes in microbial composition. Postbiotics include bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides, which have been shown to promote insulin resistance during metabolic endotoxemia. We found that bacterial cell wall-derived muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is an insulin-sensitizing postbiotic that requires NOD2. Injecting MDP lowered adipose inflammation and reduced glucose intolerance in obese mice without causing weight loss or altering the composition of the microbiome. MDP reduced hepatic insulin resistance during obesity and low-level endotoxemia. NOD1-activating muropeptides worsened glucose tolerance. IRF4 distinguished opposing glycemic responses to different types of peptidoglycan and was required for MDP/NOD2-induced insulin sensitization and lower metabolic tissue inflammation during obesity and endotoxemia. IRF4 was dispensable for exacerbated glucose intolerance via NOD1. Mifamurtide, an MDP-based drug with orphan drug status, was an insulin sensitizer at clinically relevant doses in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Denou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Kalvin J Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Brian R Tuinema
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Stearns
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - David Prescott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Brian K Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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11
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Cavallari JF, Denou E, Foley KP, Khan WI, Schertzer JD. Different Th17 immunity in gut, liver, and adipose tissues during obesity: the role of diet, genetics, and microbes. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:82-9. [PMID: 26939856 PMCID: PMC4856458 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1127481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes modify immunometabolism responses linking obesity and type 2 diabetes. Immunity helps maintain a host-microbe symbiosis, but inflammation can promote insulin resistance in tissues that control blood glucose. We were interested in compartmentalization of immune responses during obesity and show here that feeding mice an obesity-causing high-fat diet (HFD) decreased a marker of neutrophil activation and cytokines related to Th17 responses in the gut. A HFD decreased IL-17 and IL-21/22 in the ileum and colon, respectively. A HFD increased IL-17, IL-21/22 and other related Th17 responses in the liver. At the whole tissue level, there is divergence in gut and metabolic tissue Th17 cytokines during diet-induced obesity. Deletion of the bacterial peptidoglycan sensor NOD2 had relatively minor effects on these immune responses. We propose a model where diet-induced obesity promotes a permissive gut immune environment and sets the stage for host genetics to contribute to dysbiosis-driven metabolic tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Denou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Waliul I. Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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12
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Denou E, Lolmède K, Garidou L, Pomie C, Chabo C, Lau TC, Fullerton MD, Nigro G, Zakaroff-Girard A, Luche E, Garret C, Serino M, Amar J, Courtney M, Cavallari JF, Henriksbo BD, Barra NG, Foley KP, McPhee JB, Duggan BM, O'Neill HM, Lee AJ, Sansonetti P, Ashkar AA, Khan WI, Surette MG, Bouloumié A, Steinberg GR, Burcelin R, Schertzer JD. Defective NOD2 peptidoglycan sensing promotes diet-induced inflammation, dysbiosis, and insulin resistance. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:259-74. [PMID: 25666722 PMCID: PMC4364944 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors link metabolite and bacteria-derived inflammation to insulin resistance during obesity. We demonstrate that NOD2 detection of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) regulates metabolic inflammation and insulin sensitivity. An obesity-promoting high-fat diet (HFD) increased NOD2 in hepatocytes and adipocytes, and NOD2(-/-) mice have increased adipose tissue and liver inflammation and exacerbated insulin resistance during a HFD. This effect is independent of altered adiposity or NOD2 in hematopoietic-derived immune cells. Instead, increased metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in NOD2(-/-) mice is associated with increased commensal bacterial translocation from the gut into adipose tissue and liver. An intact PGN-NOD2 sensing system regulated gut mucosal bacterial colonization and a metabolic tissue dysbiosis that is a potential trigger for increased metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Gut dysbiosis in HFD-fed NOD2(-/-) mice is an independent and transmissible factor that contributes to metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance when transferred to WT, germ-free mice. These findings warrant scrutiny of bacterial component detection, dysbiosis, and protective immune responses in the links between inflammatory gut and metabolic diseases, including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Denou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karine Lolmède
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 1: «stroma-vascular cells of adipose tissue», Toulouse, France
| | - Lucile Garidou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 2: «Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia», Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Celine Pomie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 2: «Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia», Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Chantal Chabo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 2: «Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia», Toulouse Cedex 4, France VAIOMER SAS, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | - Trevor C Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire and Unité INSERM 786 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexia Zakaroff-Girard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 1: «stroma-vascular cells of adipose tissue», Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Luche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 2: «Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia», Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Céline Garret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 2: «Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia», Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 2: «Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia», Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jacques Amar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 2: «Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia», Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph B McPhee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley M O'Neill
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda J Lee
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire and Unité INSERM 786 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 1: «stroma-vascular cells of adipose tissue», Toulouse, France
| | | | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) Team 2: «Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia», Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Henriksbo BD, Lau TC, Cavallari JF, Denou E, Chi W, Lally JS, Crane JD, Duggan BM, Foley KP, Fullerton MD, Tarnopolsky MA, Steinberg GR, Schertzer JD. Fluvastatin causes NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated adipose insulin resistance. Diabetes 2014; 63:3742-7. [PMID: 24917577 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins reduce lipid levels and are widely prescribed. Statins have been associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms are unclear. Activation of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 inflammasome, promotes insulin resistance, a precursor of type 2 diabetes. We showed that four different statins increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion from macrophages, which is characteristic of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This effect was dose dependent, absent in NLRP3(-/-) mice, and prevented by caspase-1 inhibition or the diabetes drug glyburide. Long-term fluvastatin treatment of obese mice impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipose tissue. Fluvastatin-induced activation of the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway was required for the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue explants, an effect also prevented by glyburide. Fluvastatin impaired insulin signaling in lipopolysaccharide-primed 3T3-L1 adipocytes, an effect associated with increased caspase-1 activity, but not IL-1β secretion. Our results define an NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated mechanism of statin-induced insulin resistance in adipose tissue and adipocytes, which may be a contributing factor to statin-induced development of type 2 diabetes. These results warrant scrutiny of insulin sensitivity during statin use and suggest that combination therapies with glyburide, or other inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome, may be effective in preventing the adverse effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor C Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Denou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S Lally
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin D Crane
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Lamers RP, Cavallari JF, Burrows LL. The efflux inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAβN) permeabilizes the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60666. [PMID: 23544160 PMCID: PMC3609863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Active efflux of antimicrobial agents is a primary mechanism by which bacterial pathogens can become multidrug resistant. The combined use of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) with pump substrates is under exploration to overcome efflux-mediated multidrug resistance. Phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) is a well-studied EPI that is routinely combined with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, but few studies have assessed its utility in combination with β-lactam antibiotics. The initial goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of β-lactams in combination with PAβN against the opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PAβN reduced the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several β-lactam antibiotics against P. aeruginosa; however, the susceptibility changes were not due entirely to efflux inhibition. Upon PAβN treatment, intracellular levels of the chromosomally-encoded AmpC β-lactamase that inactivates β-lactam antibiotics were significantly reduced and AmpC levels in supernatants correspondingly increased, potentially due to permeabilization of the outer membrane. PAβN treatment caused a significant increase in uptake of 8-anilino-1-naphthylenesulfonic acid, a fluorescent hydrophobic probe, and sensitized P. aeruginosa to bulky antibiotics (e.g. vancomycin) that are normally incapable of crossing the outer membrane, as well as to detergent-like bile salts. Supplementation of growth media with magnesium to stabilize the outer membrane increased MICs in the presence of PAβN and restored resistance to vancomycin. Thus, PAβN permeabilizes bacterial membranes in a concentration-dependent manner at levels below those typically used in combination studies, and this additional mode of action should be considered when using PAβN as a control for efflux studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Lamers
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph F. Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori L. Burrows
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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