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Samora M, Huo Y, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Kaufman MP, Harrison ML, Stone AJ. Cyclooxygenase products contribute to the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex evoked by static muscle contraction in male UCD-type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1226-1237. [PMID: 38545661 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00879.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) products of arachidonic acid metabolism, specifically prostaglandins, play a role in evoking and transmitting the exercise pressor reflex in health and disease. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an exaggerated exercise pressor reflex; however, the mechanisms for this exaggerated reflex are not fully understood. We aimed to determine the role played by COX products in the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in T2DM rats. The exercise pressor reflex was evoked by static muscle contraction in unanesthetized, decerebrate, male, adult University of California Davis (UCD)-T2DM (n = 8) and healthy Sprague-Dawley (n = 8) rats. Changes (Δ) in peak mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) during muscle contraction were compared before and after intra-arterial injection of indomethacin (1 mg/kg) into the contracting hindlimb. Data are presented as means ± SD. Inhibition of COX activity attenuated the exaggerated peak MAP (Before: Δ32 ± 13 mmHg and After: Δ18 ± 8 mmHg; P = 0.004) and blood pressor index (BPi) (Before: Δ683 ± 324 mmHg·s and After: Δ361 ± 222 mmHg·s; P = 0.006), but not HR (Before: Δ23 ± 8 beats/min and After Δ19 ± 10 beats/min; P = 0.452) responses to muscle contraction in T2DM rats. In healthy rats, COX activity inhibition did not affect MAP, HR, or BPi responses to muscle contraction. Inhibition of COX activity significantly reduced local production of prostaglandin E2 in T2DM and healthy rats. We conclude that peripheral inhibition of COX activity attenuates the pressor response to muscle contraction in T2DM rats, suggesting that COX products partially contribute to the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in those with T2DM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared the pressor and cardioaccelerator responses to static muscle contraction before and after inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity within the contracting hindlimb in decerebrate, unanesthetized type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and healthy rats. The pressor responses to muscle contraction were attenuated after peripheral inhibition of COX activity in T2DM but not in healthy rats. We concluded that COX products partially contribute to the exaggerated pressor reflex in those with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Samora
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Yu Huo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Marc P Kaufman
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michelle L Harrison
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
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Piccolo BD, Graham JL, Tabor-Simecka L, Randolph CE, Moody B, Robeson MS, Kang P, Fox R, Lan R, Pack L, Woford N, Yeruva L, LeRoith T, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ. Colonic epithelial hypoxia remains constant during the progression of diabetes in male UC Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003813. [PMID: 38453236 PMCID: PMC10921531 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colonocyte oxidation of bacterial-derived butyrate has been reported to maintain synergistic obligate anaerobe populations by reducing colonocyte oxygen levels; however, it is not known whether this process is disrupted during the progression of type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to determine whether diabetes influences colonocyte oxygen levels in the University of California Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rat model. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Age-matched male UCD-T2DM rats (174±4 days) prior to the onset of diabetes (PD, n=15), within 1 month post-onset (RD, n=12), and 3 months post-onset (D3M, n=12) were included in this study. Rats were administered an intraperitoneal injection of pimonidazole (60 mg/kg body weight) 1 hour prior to euthanasia and tissue collection to estimate colonic oxygen levels. Colon tissue was fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and processed for immunohistochemical detection of pimonidazole. The colonic microbiome was assessed by 16S gene rRNA amplicon sequencing and content of short-chain fatty acids was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS HbA1c % increased linearly across the PD (5.9±0.1), RD (7.6±0.4), and D3M (11.5±0.6) groups, confirming the progression of diabetes in this cohort. D3M rats had a 2.5% increase in known facultative anaerobes, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus (false discovery rate <0.05) genera in colon contents. The intensity of pimonidazole staining of colonic epithelia did not differ across groups (p=0.37). Colon content concentrations of acetate and propionate also did not differ across UCD-T2DM groups; however, colonic butyric acid levels were higher in D3M rats relative to PD rats (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The advancement of diabetes in UCD-T2DM rats was associated with an increase in facultative anaerobes; however, this was not explained by changes in colonocyte oxygen levels. The mechanisms underlying shifts in gut microbe populations associated with the progression of diabetes in the UCD-T2DM rat model remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Piccolo
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Christopher E Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Becky Moody
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael S Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ping Kang
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Renee Fox
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Renny Lan
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lindsay Pack
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Noah Woford
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Evans LL, Lee WG, Karimzada M, Patel VH, Aribindi VK, Kwiat D, Graham JL, Cummings DE, Havel PJ, Harrison MR. Evaluation of a Magnetic Compression Anastomosis for Jejunoileal Partial Diversion in Rhesus Macaques. Obes Surg 2024; 34:515-523. [PMID: 38135738 PMCID: PMC10810932 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic surgery remains underutilized for treating type 2 diabetes, as less invasive alternative interventions with improved risk profiles are needed. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of a novel magnetic compression device to create a patent limited caliber side-to-side jejunoileal partial diversion in a nonhuman primate model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using an established nonhuman primate model of diet-induced insulin resistance, a magnetic compression device was used to create a side-to-side jejunoileal anastomosis. Primary outcomes evaluated feasibility (e.g., device mating and anastomosis patency) and safety (e.g., device-related complications). Secondary outcomes evaluated the device's ability to produce metabolic changes associated with jejunoileal partial diversion (e.g., homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] and body weight). RESULTS Device mating, spontaneous detachment, and excretion occurred in all animals (n = 5). There were no device-related adverse events. Upon completion of the study, ex vivo anastomoses were widely patent with healthy mucosa and no evidence of stricture. At 6 weeks post-device placement, HOMA-IR improved to below baseline values (p < 0.05). Total weight also decreased in a linear fashion (R2 = 0.97) with total weight loss at 6 weeks post-device placement of 14.4% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The use of this novel magnetic compression device to create a limited caliber side-to-side jejunoileal anastomosis is safe and likely feasible in a nonhuman primate model. The observed glucoregulatory and metabolic effects of a partial jejunoileal bypass with this device warrant further investigation to validate the long-term glucometabolic impact of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Evans
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - William G Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Mohammad Karimzada
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Veeshal H Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Vamsi K Aribindi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dillon Kwiat
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - David E Cummings
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Keim NL, Schwarz JM, Pacini G, Tura A, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38201980 PMCID: PMC10780640 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
| | | | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95819, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Schwarz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
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Rosenberg JL, Schaible E, Bostrom A, Lazar AA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Ritchie RO, Alliston TN, Lotz JC, Havel PJ, Acevedo C, Fields AJ. Type 2 diabetes impairs annulus fibrosus fiber deformation and rotation under disc compression in the University of California Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rat model. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad363. [PMID: 38094616 PMCID: PMC10718642 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biomechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc is crucial for studying disease mechanisms and developing tissue engineering strategies for managing disc degeneration. We used synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering to investigate how changes to collagen behavior contribute to alterations in the disc's ability to resist compression. Coccygeal motion segments from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 7 ) and diabetic obese University of California Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats ( n = 6 , diabetic for 68 ± 7 days) were compressed during simultaneous synchrotron scanning to measure collagen strain at the nanoscale (beamline 7.3.3 of the Advanced Light Source). After compression, the annulus fibrosus was assayed for nonenzymatic cross-links. In discs from lean rats, resistance to compression involved two main energy-dissipation mechanisms at the nanoscale: (1) rotation of the two groups of collagen fibrils forming the annulus fibrosus and (2) straightening (uncrimping) and stretching of the collagen fibrils. In discs from diabetic rats, both mechanisms were significantly impaired. Specifically, diabetes reduced fibril rotation by 31% and reduced collagen fibril strain by 30% (compared to lean discs). The stiffening of collagen fibrils in the discs from diabetic rats was consistent with a 31% higher concentration of nonenzymatic cross-links and with evidence of earlier onset plastic deformations such as fibril sliding and fibril-matrix delamination. These findings suggest that fibril reorientation, stretching, and straightening are key deformation mechanisms that facilitate whole-disc compression, and that type 2 diabetes impairs these efficient and low-energy elastic deformation mechanisms, thereby altering whole-disc behavior and inducing the earlier onset of plastic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Rosenberg
- Departments of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alan Bostrom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ann A Lazar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tamara N Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Departments of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Samora M, Huo Y, McCuller RK, Chidurala S, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Stone AJ, Harrison ML. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity is attenuated in male UCD-type 2 diabetes mellitus rats: A link between metabolic and autonomic dysfunction. Auton Neurosci 2023; 249:103117. [PMID: 37657371 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have impaired arterial baroreflex function, which may be linked to the co-existence of obesity. However, the role of obesity and its related metabolic impairments on baroreflex dysfunction in T2DM is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of visceral fat and adiponectin, the most abundant cytokine produced by adipocytes, on baroreflex dysfunction in T2DM rats. Experiments were performed in adult male UCD-T2DM rats assigned to the following experimental groups (n = 6 in each): prediabetic (Pre), diabetes-onset (T0), 4 weeks after onset (T4), and 12 weeks after onset (T12). Age-matched healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were used as controls. Rats were anesthetized and blood pressure was directly measured on a beat-to-beat basis to assess spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) using the sequence technique. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess body composition. Data are presented as mean ± SD. BRS was significantly lower in T2DM rats compared with controls at T0 (T2D: 3.7 ± 3.2 ms/mmHg vs Healthy: 16.1 ± 8.4 ms/mmHg; P = 0.01), but not at T12 (T2D: 13.4 ± 8.1 ms/mmHg vs Healthy: 9.2 ± 6.0 ms/mmHg; P = 0.16). T2DM rats had higher visceral fat mass, adiponectin, and insulin concentrations compared with control rats (all P < 0.01). Changes in adiponectin and insulin concentrations over the measured time-points mirrored one another and were opposite those of the BRS in T2DM rats. These findings demonstrate that obesity-related metabolic impairments may contribute to an attenuated spontaneous BRS in T2DM, suggesting a link between metabolic and autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Samora
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yu Huo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Richard K McCuller
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Suchit Chidurala
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Michelle L Harrison
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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Razan MR, Amissi S, Islam RA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Mesenteric Arterial Function in Male UC Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) Rats: A Shift in the Relative Importance of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors (EDRF). Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041129. [PMID: 37189747 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial cardiovascular effects of exercise are well documented, however the mechanisms by which exercise improves vascular function in diabetes are not fully understood. This study investigates whether there are (1) improvements in blood pressure and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDV) and (2) alterations in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) in modulating mesenteric arterial reactivity in male UC Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats, following an 8-week moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) intervention. EDV to acetylcholine (ACh) was measured before and after exposure to pharmacological inhibitors. Contractile responses to phenylephrine and myogenic tone were determined. The arterial expressions of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX), and calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa) channels were also measured. T2DM significantly impaired EDV, increased contractile responses and myogenic tone. The impairment of EDV was accompanied by elevated NO and COX importance, whereas the contribution of prostanoid- and NO-independent (endothelium-derived hyperpolarization, EDH) relaxation was not apparent compared to controls. MIE 1) enhanced EDV, while it reduced contractile responses, myogenic tone and systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 2) caused a shift away from a reliance on COX toward a greater reliance on EDH in diabetic arteries. We provide the first evidence of the beneficial effects of MIE via the altered importance of EDRF in mesenteric arterial relaxation in male UCD-T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Said Amissi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Rifat Ara Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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8
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Huo Y, Grotle AK, McCuller RK, Samora M, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Harrison ML, Stone AJ. Exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in male UC Davis type 2 diabetic rats is due to the pathophysiology of the disease and not aging. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1063326. [PMID: 36703927 PMCID: PMC9871248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1063326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Studies in humans and animals have found that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exaggerates the blood pressure (BP) response to exercise, which increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. T2DM is a chronic disease that, without appropriate management, progresses in severity as individuals grow older. Thus, it is possible that aging may also exaggerate the BP response to exercise. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of the pathophysiology of T2DM on the exercise pressor reflex independent of aging. Methods: We compared changes in peak pressor (mean arterial pressure; ΔMAP), BP index (ΔBPi), heart rate (ΔHR), and HR index (ΔHRi) responses to static contraction, intermittent contraction, and tendon stretch in UCD-T2DM rats to those of healthy, age-matched Sprague Dawley rats at three different stages of the disease. Results: We found that the ΔMAP, ΔBPi, ΔHR, and ΔHRi responses to static contraction were significantly higher in T2DM rats (ΔMAP: 29 ± 4 mmHg; ΔBPi: 588 ± 51 mmHg•s; ΔHR: 22 ± 5 bpm; ΔHRi: 478 ± 45 bpm•s) compared to controls (ΔMAP: 10 ± 1 mmHg, p < 0.0001; ΔBPi: 121 ± 19 mmHg•s, p < 0.0001; ΔHR: 5 ± 2 bpm, p = 0.01; ΔHRi: 92 ± 19 bpm•s, p < 0.0001) shortly after diabetes onset. Likewise, the ΔMAP, ΔBPi, and ΔHRi to tendon stretch were significantly higher in T2DM rats (ΔMAP: 33 ± 7 mmHg; ΔBPi: 697 ± 70 mmHg•s; ΔHRi: 496 ± 51 bpm•s) compared to controls (ΔMAP: 12 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.002; ΔBPi: 186 ± 30 mmHg•s, p < 0.0001; ΔHRi: 144 ± 33 bpm•s, p < 0.0001) shortly after diabetes onset. The ΔBPi and ΔHRi, but not ΔMAP, to intermittent contraction was significantly higher in T2DM rats (ΔBPi: 543 ± 42 mmHg•s; ΔHRi: 453 ± 53 bpm•s) compared to controls (ΔBPi: 140 ± 16 mmHg•s, p < 0.0001; ΔHRi: 108 ± 22 bpm•s, p = 0.0002) shortly after diabetes onset. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex and mechanoreflex seen in T2DM are due to the pathophysiology of the disease and not aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard K. McCuller
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Milena Samora
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michelle L. Harrison
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Audrey J. Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Audrey J. Stone,
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9
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Swarbrick MM, Cox CL, Graham JL, Knudsen LB, Stanhope K, Raun K, Havel PJ. Growth hormone treatment does not augment the anti-diabetic effects of liraglutide in UCD-T2DM rats. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 6:e392. [PMID: 36480511 PMCID: PMC9836246 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) slows gastric emptying, increases satiety and enhances insulin secretion. GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide, are used therapeutically in humans to improve glycaemic control and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In UCD-T2DM rats, a model of polygenic obesity and insulin resistance, we have previously reported that daily liraglutide administration delayed diabetes onset by >4 months. Growth hormone (GH) may exert anti-diabetic effects, including increasing β-cell mass and insulin secretion, while disrupting GH signalling in mice reduces both the size and number of pancreatic islets. We therefore hypothesized that GH supplementation would augment liraglutide's anti-diabetic effects. METHODS Male UCD-T2DM rats were treated daily with GH (0.3 mg/kg) and/or liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg) from 2 months of age. Control (vehicle) and food-restricted (with food intake matched to liraglutide-treated rats) groups were also studied. The effects of treatment on diabetes onset and weight gain were assessed, as well as measures of glucose tolerance, lipids and islet morphology. RESULTS Liraglutide treatment significantly reduced food intake and body weight and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, relative to controls. After 4.5 months, none of the liraglutide-treated rats had developed T2DM (overall p = .019). Liraglutide-treated rats also displayed lower fasting triglyceride (TG) concentrations and lower hepatic TG content, compared to control rats. Islet morphology was improved in liraglutide-treated rats, with significantly increased pancreatic insulin content (p < .05 vs. controls). Although GH treatment tended to increase body weight (and gastrocnemius muscle weight), there were no obvious effects on diabetes onset or other diabetes-related outcomes. CONCLUSION GH supplementation did not augment the anti-diabetic effects of liraglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Swarbrick
- Departments of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisOne Shielad AvenueDavisCaliforniaUSA,Present address:
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research InstituteThe University of SydneyConcordNew South WalesAustralia,Present address:
Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyAustralia
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Departments of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisOne Shielad AvenueDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - James L. Graham
- Departments of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisOne Shielad AvenueDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Kimber Stanhope
- Departments of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisOne Shielad AvenueDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Peter J. Havel
- Departments of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, DavisOne Shielad AvenueDavisCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Razan MR, Akther F, Islam RA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. 17β-Estradiol Treatment Improves Acetylcholine-Induced Relaxation of Mesenteric Arteries in Ovariectomized UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats in Prediabetic State. Front Physiol 2022; 13:900813. [PMID: 35784863 PMCID: PMC9248973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported sex differences in mesenteric arterial function of the UC Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats as early as the prediabetic state. We reported that mesenteric arteries (MA) from prediabetic male rats exhibited a greater impairment compared to that in prediabetic females. However, when females became diabetic, they exhibited a greater vascular dysfunction than males. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the female sex hormone, estrogen preserves mesenteric arterial vasorelaxation in UCD-T2DM female rats at an early prediabetic state. Age-matched female Sprague Dawley and prediabetic (PD) UCD-T2DM rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and subcutaneously implanted with either placebo or 17β-estradiol (E2, 1.5 mg) pellets for 45 days. We assessed the contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) to acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation, using pharmacological inhibitors. Responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PE) were also measured. Additionally, metabolic parameters and expression of some targets associated with vascular and insulin signaling were determined. We demonstrated that the responses to ACh and SNP were severely impaired in the prediabetic state (PD OVX) rats, while E2 treatment restored vasorelaxation in the PD OVX + E2. Moreover, the responses to PE was significantly enhanced in MA of PD OVX groups, regardless of placebo or E2 treatment. Overall, our data suggest that 1) the impairment of ACh responses in PD OVX rats may, in part, result from the elevated contractile responses to PE, loss of contribution of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) to vasorelaxation, and a decreased sensitivity of MA to nitric oxide (NO), and 2) the basis for the protective effects of E2 may be partly attributed to the elevation of the NO contribution to vasorelaxation and its interaction with MA as well as potential improvement of insulin signaling. Here, we provide the first evidence of the role of E2 in protecting MA from early vascular dysfunction in prediabetic female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Rifat A. Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Roshanak Rahimian,
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11
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Huo YH, Bell B, Samora M, Graham J, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Harrison ML, Stone AJ. Pro‐inflammatory Cytokine IL‐1β Contributes to the Exaggerated Exercise Pressor Reflex in UC, Davis‐Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu H. Huo
- the University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
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12
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Brindle E, Lillis L, Barney R, Bansil P, Hess SY, Wessells KR, Ouédraogo CT, Arredondo F, Barker MK, Craft NE, Fischer C, Graham JL, Havel PJ, Karakochuk CD, Zhang M, Mussai EX, Mapango C, Randolph JM, Wander K, Pfeiffer CM, Murphy E, Boyle DS. A multicenter analytical performance evaluation of a multiplexed immunoarray for the simultaneous measurement of biomarkers of micronutrient deficiency, inflammation and malarial antigenemia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259509. [PMID: 34735520 PMCID: PMC8568126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of comparative data across laboratories is often a barrier to the uptake and adoption of new technologies. Furthermore, data generated by different immunoassay methods may be incomparable due to a lack of harmonization. In this multicenter study, we describe validation experiments conducted in a single lab and cross-lab comparisons of assay results to assess the performance characteristics of the Q-plex™ 7-plex Human Micronutrient Array (7-plex), an immunoassay that simultaneously quantifies seven biomarkers associated with micronutrient (MN) deficiencies, inflammation and malarial antigenemia using plasma or serum; alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, ferritin, histidine-rich protein 2, retinol binding protein 4, soluble transferrin receptor, and thyroglobulin. Validations included repeated testing (n = 20 separately prepared experiments on 10 assay plates) in a single lab to assess precision and linearity. Seven independent laboratories tested 76 identical heparin plasma samples collected from a cohort of pregnant women in Niger using the same 7-plex assay to assess differences in results across laboratories. In the analytical validation experiments, intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were acceptable at <6% and <15% respectively and assay linearity was 96% to 99% with the exception of ferritin, which had marginal performance in some tests. Cross-laboratory comparisons showed generally good agreement between laboratories in all analyte results for the panel of 76 plasma specimens, with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient values averaging ≥0.8 for all analytes. Excluding plates that would fail routine quality control (QC) standards, the inter-assay variation was acceptable for all analytes except sTfR, which had an average inter-assay coefficient of variation of ≥20%. This initial cross-laboratory study demonstrates that the 7-plex test protocol can be implemented by users with some experience in immunoassay methods, but familiarity with the multiplexed protocol was not essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Brindle
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Pooja Bansil
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sonja Y. Hess
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - K. Ryan Wessells
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Césaire T. Ouédraogo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Helen Keller International, Niamey, Niger
| | - Francisco Arredondo
- Duke University Medical Ctr. Durham, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mikaela K. Barker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neal E. Craft
- Craft Nutrition Consulting, Elm City, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christina Fischer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Crystal D. Karakochuk
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ei-Xia Mussai
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carine Mapango
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jody M. Randolph
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Wander
- Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Pfeiffer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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13
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Piccolo BD, Graham JL, Kang P, Randolph CE, Shankar K, Yeruva L, Fox R, Robeson MS, Moody B, LeRoith T, Stanhope KL, Adams SH, Havel PJ. Progression of diabetes is associated with changes in the ileal transcriptome and ileal-colon morphology in the UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rat. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15102. [PMID: 34806320 PMCID: PMC8606862 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterioration in glucose homeostasis has been associated with intestinal dysbiosis, but it is not known how metabolic dysregulation alters the gastrointestinal environment. We investigated how the progression of diabetes alters ileal and colonic epithelial mucosal structure, microbial abundance, and transcript expression in the University of California Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rat model. Male UCD-T2DM rats (age ~170 days) were included if <1-month (n = 6, D1M) or 3-month (n = 6, D3M) post-onset of diabetes. Younger nondiabetic UCD-T2DM rats were included as a nondiabetic comparison (n = 6, ND, age ~70 days). Ileum villi height/crypt depths and colon crypt depths were assessed by histology. Microbial abundance of colon content was measured with 16S rRNA sequencing. Ileum and colon transcriptional abundances were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Ileum villi height and crypt depth were greater in D3M rats compared to ND. Colon crypt depth was greatest in D3M rats compared to both ND and D1M rats. Colon abundances of Akkermansia and Muribaculaceae were lower in D3M rats relative to D1M, while Oscillospirales, Phascolarctobacterium, and an unidentified genus of Lachnospiraceae were higher. Only two transcripts were altered by diabetes advancement within the colon; however, 2039 ileal transcripts were altered. Only colonic abundances of Sptlc3, Enpp7, Slc7a15, and Kctd14 had more than twofold changes between D1M and D3M rats. The advancement of diabetes in the UCD-T2DM rat results in a trophic effect on the mucosal epithelia and was associated with regulation of gastrointestinal tract RNA expression, which appears more pronounced in the ileum relative to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Piccolo
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ping Kang
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Christopher E. Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric ResearchArkansas Children's Research InstituteLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of PediatricsSection of NutritionUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Arkansas Children's Research InstituteLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Renee Fox
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Michael S. Robeson
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Becky Moody
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Science and PathobiologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic ScienceUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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14
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Butler AA, Havel PJ. Adropin and insulin resistance: Integration of endocrine, circadian, and stress signals regulating glucose metabolism. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1799-1801. [PMID: 34549523 PMCID: PMC8570992 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose disposal leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia results from the declining ability of insulin to reduce HGP and increase glucose disposal, as well as inadequate ß-cell compensation for insulin resistance. Hyperglucagonemia resulting from reduced suppression of glucagon secretion by insulin contributes to hyperglycemia by stimulating HGP. The actions of pancreatic hormones are normally complemented by peptides secreted by cells distributed throughout the body. This regulatory network has provided new therapeutics for obesity and type 2 diabetes (e.g., glucagon-like peptide 1). Other peptide hormones under investigation show promise in preclinical studies. Recent experiments using mice and nonhuman primates indicate the small secreted peptide hormone adropin regulates glucose metabolism. Here, recent expression profiling data indicating hepatic adropin expression increases with oxidative stress and declines with fasting or in the presence of hepatic insulin resistance and how adropin interacts with the pancreatic hormones, insulin, and glucagon to modulate glycemic control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Butler
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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15
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Anekonda VT, Thompson BW, Ho JM, Roberts ZS, Edwards MM, Nguyen HK, Dodson AD, Wolden-Hanson T, Chukri DW, Herbertson AJ, Graham JL, Havel PJ, Wietecha TA, O’Brien KD, Blevins JE. Hindbrain Administration of Oxytocin Reduces Food Intake, Weight Gain and Activates Catecholamine Neurons in the Hindbrain Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Rats. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5078. [PMID: 34768597 PMCID: PMC8584350 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing studies show that CNS oxytocin (OT) signaling is important in the control of energy balance, but it is unclear which neurons may contribute to these effects. Our goals were to examine (1) the dose-response effects of acute OT administration into the third (3V; forebrain) and fourth (4V; hindbrain) ventricles to assess sensitivity to OT in forebrain and hindbrain sites, (2) the extent to which chronic 4V administration of OT reduces weight gain associated with the progression of diet-induced obesity, and (3) whether nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) catecholamine neurons are downstream targets of 4V OT. Initially, we examined the dose-response effects of 3V and 4V OT (0.04, 0.2, 1, or 5 μg). 3V and 4V OT (5 μg) suppressed 0.5-h food intake by 71.7 ± 6.0% and 60 ± 12.9%, respectively. 4V OT (0.04, 0.2, 1 μg) reduced food intake by 30.9 ± 12.9, 42.1 ± 9.4, and 56.4 ± 9.0%, respectively, whereas 3V administration of OT (1 μg) was only effective at reducing 0.5-h food intake by 38.3 ± 10.9%. We subsequently found that chronic 4V OT infusion, as with chronic 3V infusion, reduced body weight gain (specific to fat mass) and tended to reduce plasma leptin in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats, in part, through a reduction in energy intake. Lastly, we determined that 4V OT increased the number of hindbrain caudal NTS Fos (+) neurons (156 ± 25) relative to vehicle (12 ± 3). The 4V OT also induced Fos in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; marker of catecholamine neurons) (+) neurons (25 ± 7%) relative to vehicle (0.8 ± 0.3%). Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that OT within the hindbrain is effective at reducing food intake, weight gain, and adiposity and that NTS catecholamine neurons in addition to non-catecholaminergic neurons are downstream targets of CNS OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath T. Anekonda
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Benjamin W. Thompson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Ho
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Zachary S. Roberts
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Melise M. Edwards
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Ha K. Nguyen
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Andrew D. Dodson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Tami Wolden-Hanson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Daniel W. Chukri
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Adam J. Herbertson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.L.G.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.L.G.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Tomasz A. Wietecha
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Kevin D. O’Brien
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James E. Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (V.T.A.); (B.W.T.); (J.M.H.); (Z.S.R.); (M.M.E.); (H.K.N.); (A.D.D.); (T.W.-H.); (D.W.C.); (A.J.H.)
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
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16
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Sigala DM, Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Price CA, Benyam Y, Chaudhari AJ, Abdelhafez Y, McGahan JP, Goran MI, Sirlin CB, Pacini G, Tura A, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Consuming Sucrose- or HFCS-sweetened Beverages Increases Hepatic Lipid and Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3248-3264. [PMID: 34265055 PMCID: PMC8530743 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies in rodents and humans suggest that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened diets promote greater metabolic dysfunction than sucrose-sweetened diets. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of consuming sucrose-sweetened beverage (SB), HFCS-SB, or a control beverage sweetened with aspartame on metabolic outcomes in humans. METHODS A parallel, double-blinded, NIH-funded study. Experimental procedures were conducted during 3.5 days of inpatient residence with controlled feeding at a research clinic before (baseline) and after a 12-day outpatient intervention period. Seventy-five adults (18-40 years) were assigned to beverage groups matched for sex, body mass index (18-35 kg/m2), and fasting triglyceride, lipoprotein and insulin concentrations. The intervention was 3 servings/day of sucrose- or HFCS-SB providing 25% of energy requirement or aspartame-SB, consumed for 16 days. Main outcome measures were %hepatic lipid, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and Predicted M ISI. RESULTS Sucrose-SB increased %hepatic lipid (absolute change: 0.6 ± 0.2%) compared with aspartame-SB (-0.2 ± 0.2%, P < 0.05) and compared with baseline (P < 0.001). HFCS-SB increased %hepatic lipid compared with baseline (0.4 ± 0.2%, P < 0.05). Compared with aspartame-SB, Matsuda ISI decreased after consumption of HFCS- (P < 0.01) and sucrose-SB (P < 0.01), and Predicted M ISI decreased after consumption of HFCS-SB (P < 0.05). Sucrose- and HFCS-SB increased plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and uric acid compared with aspartame-SB. No outcomes were differentially affected by sucrose- compared with HFCS-SB. Beverage group effects remained significant when analyses were adjusted for changes in body weight. CONCLUSION Consumption of both sucrose- and HFCS-SB induced detrimental changes in hepatic lipid, insulin sensitivity, and circulating lipids, lipoproteins and uric acid in 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: Desiree M. Sigala, Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr. VetMed3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chad L Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Candice A Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanet Benyam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yasser Abdelhafez
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - John P McGahan
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Nancy L Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Basic Sciences, Touro University of California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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17
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Edwards MM, Nguyen HK, Dodson AD, Herbertson AJ, Wietecha TA, Wolden-Hanson T, Graham JL, Honeycutt MK, Slattery JD, O’Brien KD, Havel PJ, Blevins JE. Effects of Combined Oxytocin and Beta-3 Receptor Agonist (CL 316243) Treatment on Body Weight and Adiposity in Male Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:725912. [PMID: 34566687 PMCID: PMC8457402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.725912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that oxytocin (OT) reduces body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents through reductions in energy intake and increases in energy expenditure. We recently demonstrated that hindbrain [fourth ventricular (4V)] administration of OT evokes weight loss and elevates interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature (T IBAT ) in DIO rats. What remains unclear is whether OT can be used as an adjunct with other drugs that directly target beta-3 receptors in IBAT to promote BAT thermogenesis and reduce body weight in DIO rats. We hypothesized that the combined treatment of OT and the beta-3 agonist, CL 316243, would produce an additive effect to decrease body weight and adiposity in DIO rats by reducing energy intake and increasing BAT thermogenesis. We assessed the effects of 4V infusions of OT (16 nmol/day) or vehicle (VEH) in combination with daily intraperitoneal injections of CL 316243 (0.5 mg/kg) or VEH on food intake, T IBAT , body weight and body composition. OT and CL 316243 alone reduced body weight by 7.8 ± 1.3% (P < 0.05) and 9.1 ± 2.1% (P < 0.05), respectively, but the combined treatment produced more pronounced weight loss (15.5 ± 1.2%; P < 0.05) than either treatment alone. These effects were associated with decreased adiposity, adipocyte size, energy intake and increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) content in epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) (P < 0.05). In addition, CL 316243 alone (P < 0.05) and in combination with OT (P < 0.05) elevated T IBAT and IBAT UCP-1 content and IBAT thermogenic gene expression. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the combined treatment of OT and the beta-3 agonist, CL 316243, produces an additive effect to decrease body weight. The findings from the current study suggest that the effects of the combined treatment on energy intake, fat mass, adipocyte size and browning of EWAT were not additive and appear to be driven, in part, by transient changes in energy intake in response to OT or CL 316243 alone as well as CL 316243-elicited reduction of fat mass and adipocyte size and induction of browning of EWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melise M. Edwards
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ha K. Nguyen
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrew D. Dodson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Adam J. Herbertson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tomasz A. Wietecha
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tami Wolden-Hanson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mackenzie K. Honeycutt
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jared D. Slattery
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kevin D. O’Brien
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - James E. Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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18
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Park JM, Josan S, Hurd RE, Graham J, Havel PJ, Bendahan D, Mayer D, Chung Y, Spielman DM, Jue T. Hyperpolarized NMR study of the impact of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibition on the pyruvate dehydrogenase and TCA flux in type 2 diabetic rat muscle. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1761-1773. [PMID: 34415396 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance stands as a central question in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many researchers have invoked the Randle hypothesis to explain the reduced glucose disposal in skeletal muscle by envisioning an elevated acetyl CoA pool arising from increased oxidation of fatty acids. Over the years, in vivo NMR studies have challenged that monolithic view. The advent of the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization NMR technique and a unique type 2 diabetic rat model provides an opportunity to clarify. Dynamic nuclear polarization enhances dramatically the NMR signal sensitivity and allows the measurement of metabolic kinetics in vivo. Diabetic muscle has much lower pyruvate dehydrogenase activity than control muscle, as evidenced in the conversion of [1-13C]lactate and [2-13C]pyruvate to HCO3- and acetyl carnitine. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, dichloroacetate, restores rapidly the diabetic pyruvate dehydrogenase activity to control level. However, diabetic muscle has a much larger dynamic change in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux than control. The dichloroacetate-induced surge in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity produces a differential amount of acetyl carnitine but does not affect the tricarboxylic acid flux. Further studies can now proceed with the dynamic nuclear polarization approach and a unique rat model to interrogate closely the biochemical mechanism interfacing oxidative metabolism with insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sonal Josan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Neuroscience Program, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ralph E Hurd
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - James Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, 3426 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, 3426 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - David Bendahan
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, CRMBM, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, 22 S. Green St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Youngran Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4323 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Jue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4323 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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19
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Koike S, Hsu MF, Bettaieb A, Chu B, Matsumoto N, Morisseau C, Havel PJ, Huising MO, Hammock BD, Haj FG. Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase ameliorates high fat diet-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and loss. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:48-57. [PMID: 34038767 PMCID: PMC9901526 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are crucial regulators of systemic glucose homeostasis, and their dysfunction and loss are central features in type 2 diabetes. Interventions that rectify β-cell dysfunction and loss are essential to combat this deadly malady. In the current study, we sought to delineate the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in β-cells under diet-induced metabolic stress. The expression of sEH was upregulated in murine and macaque diabetes models and islets of diabetic human patients. We postulated that hyperglycemia-induced elevation in sEH leads to a reduction in its substrates, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and attenuates the function of β-cells. Genetic deficiency of sEH potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice, likely in a cell-autonomous manner, contributing to better systemic glucose control. Consistent with this observation, genetic and pharmacological inactivation of sEH and the treatment with EETs exhibited insulinotropic effects in isolated murine islets ex vivo. Additionally, sEH deficiency enhanced glucose sensing and metabolism with elevated ATP and cAMP concentrations. This phenotype was associated with attenuated oxidative stress and diminished β-cell death in sEH deficient islets. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of sEH in vivo mitigated, albeit partly, high fat diet-induced β-cell loss and dedifferentiation. The current observations provide new insights into the role of sEH in β-cells and information that may be leveraged for the development of a mechanism-based intervention to rectify β-cell dysfunction and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Koike
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bryan Chu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology & Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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20
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Mazi TA, Borkowski K, Newman JW, Fiehn O, Bowlus CL, Sarkar S, Matsukuma K, Ali MR, Kieffer DA, Wan YJY, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Medici V. Ethnicity-specific alterations of plasma and hepatic lipidomic profiles are related to high NAFLD rate and severity in Hispanic Americans, a pilot study. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:490-502. [PMID: 34182070 PMCID: PMC8712226 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive condition that includes steatosis (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the U.S., Hispanics (HIS) are afflicted with NAFLD at a higher rate and severity compared to other ethnicities. To date, the mechanisms underlying this disparity have not been elucidated. In this pilot study, we compared untargeted plasma metabolomic profiles for primary metabolism, complex lipids, choline and related compounds between a group of HIS (n = 7) and White Caucasian (CAU, n = 8) subjects with obesity and biopsy-characterized NAFL to ethnicity-matched lean healthy controls (n = 14 HIS and 8 CAU). We also compared liver and plasma metabolomic profiles in a group of HIS and CAU subjects with obesity and NASH of comparable NAFLD Activity Scores, to BMI-matched NASH-free subjects in both ethnicities. Results highlight signs of metabolic dysregulation observed in HIS, independent of obesity, including higher plasma triglycerides, acylcarnitines, and free fatty acids. With NASH progression, there were ethnicity-related differences in the hepatic profile, including higher free fatty acids and lysophospholipids seen in HIS, suggesting lipotoxicity is involved in the progression of NASH. We also observed greater hepatic triglyceride content, higher plasma triglyceride concentrations and lower hepatic phospholipids with signs of impaired hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation. These findings provide preliminary evidence indicating ethnicity-related variations that could potentially modulate the risk for progression of NALD to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Community Health Sciences-Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christopher L Bowlus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500 Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500 Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Karen Matsukuma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Mohamed R Ali
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, 2221 Stockton Boulevard, Cypress Building, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Dorothy A Kieffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500 Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Y Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500 Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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21
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Akther F, Razan MR, Shaligram S, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Allen KN, Vázquez-Medina JP, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. Potentiation of Acetylcholine-Induced Relaxation of Aorta in Male UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) Rats: Sex-Specific Responses. Front Physiol 2021; 12:616317. [PMID: 34366875 PMCID: PMC8339592 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.616317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that diabetes may differentially affect the vascular beds of females and males. The objectives of this study were to examine whether there were (1) sex differences in aortic function and (2) alterations in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factors in modulating aortic reactivity in UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDV) in response to acetylcholine (ACh) was measured in aortic rings before and after exposure to pharmacological inhibitors. Relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside were assessed in endothelium-denuded rings. Moreover, contractile responses to phenylephrine (PE) were measured before and after incubation of aortic rings with a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor in the presence of indomethacin. Metabolic parameters and expression of molecules associated with vascular and insulin signaling as well as reactive oxygen species generation were determined. Diabetes slightly but significantly impaired EDV in response to ACh in aortas from females but potentiated the relaxation response in males. The potentiation of EDV in diabetic male aortas was accompanied by a traces of nitric oxide (NO)- and prostanoid-independent relaxation and elevated aortic expression of small- and intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in this group. The smooth muscle sensitivity to NO was not altered, whereas the responsiveness to PE was significantly enhanced in aortas of diabetic groups in both sexes. Endothelium-derived NO during smooth muscle contraction, as assessed by the potentiation of the response to PE after NOS inhibition, was reduced in aortas of diabetic rats regardless of sex. Accordingly, decreases in pAkt and peNOS were observed in aortas from diabetic rats in both sexes compared with controls. Our data suggest that a decrease in insulin sensitivity via pAkt-peNOS-dependent signaling and an increase in oxidative stress may contribute to the elevated contractile responses observed in diabetic aortas in both sexes. This study demonstrates that aortic function in UCD-T2DM rats is altered in both sexes. Here, we provide the first evidence of sexual dimorphism in aortic relaxation in UCD-T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Sonali Shaligram
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlin N. Allen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
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22
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Bremer AA, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Corrigendum to "Synergistic effects of fructose and glucose on lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults" [Metab Clin Exp 112 (2020) 154356]. Metabolism 2021; 119:154774. [PMID: 33866221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Max Rubner-Institut, Institute of Child Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America.
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Desiree M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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23
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Edwards MM, Nguyen HK, Herbertson AJ, Dodson AD, Wietecha T, Wolden-Hanson T, Graham JL, O'Brien KD, Havel PJ, Blevins JE. Chronic hindbrain administration of oxytocin elicits weight loss in male diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R471-R487. [PMID: 33470901 PMCID: PMC8238148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00294.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that oxytocin (OT) administration reduces body weight in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) rodents through both reductions in food intake and increases in energy expenditure. We recently demonstrated that chronic hindbrain [fourth ventricular (4V)] infusions of OT evoke weight loss in DIO rats. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that chronic 4V OT would elicit weight loss in DIO mice. We assessed the effects of 4V infusions of OT (16 nmol/day) or vehicle over 28 days on body weight, food intake, and body composition. OT reduced body weight by approximately 4.5% ± 1.4% in DIO mice relative to OT pretreatment body weight (P < 0.05). These effects were associated with reduced adiposity and adipocyte size [inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT)] (P < 0.05) and attributed, in part, to reduced energy intake (P < 0.05) at a dose that did not increase kaolin intake (P = NS). OT tended to increase uncoupling protein-1 expression in IWAT (0.05 < P < 0.1) suggesting that OT stimulates browning of WAT. To assess OT-elicited changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, we examined the effects of 4V OT on interscapular BAT temperature (TIBAT). 4V OT (1 µg) elevated TIBAT at 0.75 (P = 0.08), 1, and 1.25 h (P < 0.05) postinjection; a higher dose (5 µg) elevated TIBAT at 0.75-, 1-, 1.25-, 1.5-, 1.75- (P < 0.05), and 2-h (0.05 < P < 0.1) postinjection. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that chronic hindbrain OT treatment evokes sustained weight loss in DIO mice by reducing energy intake and increasing BAT thermogenesis at a dose that is not associated with evidence of visceral illness.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Brown/pathology
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/administration & dosage
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eating/drug effects
- Energy Intake/drug effects
- Infusions, Intraventricular
- Leptin/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Oxytocin/administration & dosage
- Rhombencephalon/drug effects
- Rhombencephalon/physiopathology
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
- Weight Loss/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Melise M Edwards
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ha K Nguyen
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam J Herbertson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew D Dodson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tami Wolden-Hanson
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - James E Blevins
- Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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24
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Robertson JA, Guzman DSM, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Douglas JM, Havel PJ, Beaufrère H, Knych H, Tully TN, Paul-Murphy JR. Evaluation of Orally Administered Atorvastatin on Plasma Lipid and Biochemistry Profiles in Hypercholesterolemic Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis). J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:32-40. [PMID: 32237680 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a synthetic statin administered in its active form and used for the treatment of dyslipidemias. In the current study, the effects of atorvastatin were evaluated on plasma lipid profiles and the potential for adverse effects after once daily PO dosing of atorvastatin for 30 days in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Sixteen adult parrots (10 female, 6 male) with hypercholesterolemia were used for this study. Birds were assigned to 2 groups (treatment and control) of 8 parrots each (3 male, 5 female) after balancing for age, sex, originating institution, and baseline plasma cholesterol values. Compounded atorvastatin oral suspension (10 mg/kg) was administered PO once daily via gavage into the crop. Equivalent volumes of placebo suspension were administered to the control group. Plasma biochemistry and plasma lipid profile analysis (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides [TGs]) were analyzed on days 0, 14, and 30. Plasma samples and HDL-C fractions were evaluated for cholesterol and TG concentrations via enzymatic assays. Subtraction of HDL-C values from total cholesterol yielded the non-HDL-C concentration for each bird. Birds were routinely assessed for appetite, activity, and urofeces. Plasma atorvastatin concentrations were obtained from 7 of 8 birds in the treatment group from banked samples. Those samples were obtained on days 14 and 30, with drug administration 6 to 8 hours before collection. No significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, or TG between treatment and control groups at days 0, 14, and 30. Plasma atorvastatin concentrations were variable on day 14 (0.54-5.41 ng/ mL for 6 of 7 samples, with 1 outlier of 307 ng/mL) and on day 30 (0.79-6.74 ng/mL). No adverse effects were noted in any of the birds during the study period. When dosed PO at 10 mg/kg once daily, atorvastatin did not result in significant changes to plasma lipid profiles (eg, lowering of plasma total or non-HDL-C concentrations) at any time point during this study. Future studies to investigate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of atorvastatin in parrots may require increased doses and/or frequency of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Robertson
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jamie M Douglas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Heather Knych
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-8410, USA
| | - Joanne R Paul-Murphy
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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25
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Gilor C, Duesberg C, Elliott DA, Feldman EC, Mundinger TO, Taborsky GJ, Nelson RW, Havel PJ. Co-impairment of autonomic and glucagon responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in dogs with naturally occurring insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E1074-E1083. [PMID: 33044845 PMCID: PMC7792666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00379.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the contributions of two factors potentially impairing glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) in insulin-deficient diabetes: 1) loss of paracrine disinhibition by intra-islet insulin and 2) defects in the activation of the autonomic inputs to the islet. Plasma glucagon responses during hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamps ([Formula: see text]40 mg/dL) were assessed in dogs with spontaneous diabetes (n = 13) and in healthy nondiabetic dogs (n = 6). Plasma C-peptide responses to intravenous glucagon were measured to assess endogenous insulin secretion. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were measured as indices of parasympathetic and sympathoadrenal autonomic responses to IIH. In 8 of the 13 diabetic dogs, glucagon did not increase during IIH (diabetic nonresponder [DMN]; ∆ = -6 ± 12 pg/mL). In five other diabetic dogs (diabetic responder [DMR]), glucagon responses (∆ = +26 ± 12) were within the range of nondiabetic control dogs (∆ = +27 ± 16 pg/mL). C-peptide responses to intravenous glucagon were absent in diabetic dogs. Activation of all three autonomic responses were impaired in DMN dogs but remained intact in DMR dogs. Each of the three autonomic responses to IIH was positively correlated with glucagon responses across the three groups. The study conclusions are as follows: 1) Impairment of glucagon responses in DMN dogs is not due to generalized impairment of α-cell function. 2) Loss of tonic inhibition of glucagon secretion by insulin is not sufficient to produce loss of the glucagon response; impairment of autonomic activation is also required. 3) In dogs with major β-cell function loss, activation of the autonomic inputs is sufficient to mediate an intact glucagon response to IIH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In dogs with naturally occurring, insulin-dependent (C-peptide negative) diabetes mellitus, impairment of glucagon responses is not due to generalized impairment of α-cell function. Loss of tonic inhibition of glucagon secretion by insulin is not sufficient, by itself, to produce loss of the glucagon response. Rather, impaired activation of the parasympathetic and sympathoadrenal autonomic inputs to the pancreas is also required. Activation of the autonomic inputs to the pancreas is sufficient to mediate an intact glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus. These results have important implications that include leading to a greater understanding and insight into the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of hypoglycemia during insulin treatment of diabetes in companion dogs and in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gilor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Cynthia Duesberg
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Denise A Elliott
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Edward C Feldman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Gerald J Taborsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard W Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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26
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Bremer AA, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Synergistic effects of fructose and glucose on lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Metabolism 2020; 112:154356. [PMID: 32916151 PMCID: PMC8744004 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose consumption increases risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. It is assumed that the effects of free sugars on risk factors are less potent because they contain less fructose. We compared the effects of consuming fructose, glucose or their combination, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), on cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS Adults (18-40 years; BMI 18-35 kg/m2) participated in a parallel, double-blinded dietary intervention during which beverages sweetened with aspartame, glucose (25% of energy requirements (ereq)), fructose or HFCS (25% and 17.5% ereq) were consumed for two weeks. Groups were matched for sex, baseline BMI and plasma lipid/lipoprotein concentrations. 24-h serial blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of intervention. Primary outcomes were 24-h triglyceride AUC, LDL-cholesterol (C), and apolipoprotein (apo)B. Interactions between fructose and glucose were assessed post hoc. FINDINGS 145 subjects (26.0 ± 5.8 years; body mass index 25.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2) completed the study. As expected, the increase of 24-h triglycerides compared with aspartame was highest during fructose consumption (25%: 6.66 mmol/Lx24h 95% CI [1.90 to 11.63], P = 0.0013 versus aspartame), intermediate during HFCS consumption (25%: 4.68 mmol/Lx24h 95% CI [-0.18 to 9.55], P = 0.066 versus aspartame) and lowest during glucose consumption. In contrast, the increase of LDL-C was highest during HFCS consumption (25%: 0.46 mmol/L 95% CI [0.16 to 0.77], P = 0.0002 versus aspartame) and intermediate during fructose consumption (25%: 0.33 mmol/L 95% CI [0.03 to 0.63], P = 0.023 versus aspartame), as was the increase of apoB (HFCS-25%: 0.108 g/L 95%CI [0.032 to 0.184], P = 0.001; fructose 25%: 0.072 g/L 95%CI [-0.004 to 0.148], P = 0.074 versus aspartame). The post hoc analyses showed significant interactive effects of fructose*glucose on LDL-C and apoB (both P < 0.01), but not on 24-h triglyceride (P = 0.340). CONCLUSION A significant interaction between fructose and glucose contributed to increases of lipoprotein risk factors when the two monosaccharides were co-ingested as HFCS. Thus, the effects of HFCS on lipoprotein risks factors are not solely mediated by the fructose content and it cannot be assumed that glucose is a benign component of HFCS. Our findings suggest that HFCS may be as harmful as isocaloric amounts of pure fructose and provide further support for the urgency to implement strategies to limit free sugar consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Max Rubner-Institut, Institute of Child Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America.
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Desiree M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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27
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Mercer KE, Yeruva L, Pack L, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Chintapalli SV, Wankhade UD, Shankar K, Havel PJ, Adams SH, Piccolo BD. Xenometabolite signatures in the UC Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model revealed using a metabolomics platform enriched with microbe-derived metabolites. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G157-G169. [PMID: 32508155 PMCID: PMC7500265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00105.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has the potential to create or modify xenometabolites (i.e., nonhost-derived metabolites) through de novo synthesis or modification of exogenous and endogenous compounds. While there are isolated examples of xenometabolites influencing host health and disease, wide-scale characterization of these metabolites remains limited. We developed a metabolomics platform ("XenoScan") using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize a range of known and suspected xenometabolites and their derivatives. This assay currently applies authentic standards for 190 molecules, enriched for metabolites of microbial origin. As a proof-of-principle, we characterized the cecal content xenometabolomics profile in adult male lean Sprague-Dawley (LSD) and University of California, Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats at different stages of diabetes. These results were correlated to specific bacterial species generated via shotgun metagenomic sequencing. UCD-T2DM rats had a unique xenometabolite profile compared with LSD rats, regardless of diabetes status, suggesting that at least some of the variation is associated with host genetics. Furthermore, modeling approaches revealed that several xenometabolites discriminated UCD-T2DM rats at early stages of diabetes versus those at 3 mo postdiabetes onset. Several xenometabolite hubs correlated with specific bacterial species in both LSD and UCD-T2DM rats. For example, indole-3-propionic acid negatively correlated with species within the Oscillibacter genus in UCD-T2DM rats considered to be prediabetic or recently diagnosed diabetic, in contrast to gluconic acid and trimethylamine, which were positively correlated with Oscillibacter species. The application of a xenometabolite-enriched metabolomics assay in relevant milieus will enable rapid identification of a wide variety of gut-derived metabolites, their derivatives, and their potential biochemical origins of xenometabolites in relationship to host gastrointestinal microbial ecology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We debut a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) platform called the XenoScan, which is a metabolomics platform for xenometabolites (nonself-originating metabolites). This assay has 190 in-house standards with the majority enriched for microbe-derived metabolites. As a proof-of-principle, we used the XenoScan to discriminate genetic differences from cecal samples associated with different rat lineages, in addition to characterizing diabetes progression in rat model of type 2 diabetes. Complementing microbial sequencing data with xenometabolites uncovered novel microbial metabolism in targeted organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Mercer
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas,3Arkansas Children’s Research
Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Lindsay Pack
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James L. Graham
- 4Department of Nutrition, University of
California of California, Davis,
California,5Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis,
California
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- 4Department of Nutrition, University of
California of California, Davis,
California,5Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis,
California
| | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
| | - Umesh D. Wankhade
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
| | - Kartik Shankar
- 6Department of Pediatrics, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado
| | - Peter J. Havel
- 4Department of Nutrition, University of
California of California, Davis,
California,5Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis,
California
| | - Sean H. Adams
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
| | - Brian D. Piccolo
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
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28
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Waterman C, Graham JL, Arnold CD, Stanhope KL, Tong JH, Jaja-Chimedza A, Havel PJ. Moringa Isothiocyanate-rich Seed Extract Delays the Onset of Diabetes in UC Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8861. [PMID: 32483245 PMCID: PMC7264139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa seeds have been used traditionally in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and contain potent bioactive isothiocyanates. This study evaluated the efficacy of an isothiocyanate-rich moringa seed extract in delaying the onset of T2DM in UC Davis T2DM rats, a well validated model which closely mimics T2DM in humans. Rats were separated into three groups; control, moringa seed extract at 0.4%, and a weight matched group. Rats were fed respective diets for 8 months, during which energy intake, body weight, the onset of diabetes circulating hormones, metabolites and markers of inflammation and liver function, and were monitored. The MS group had a significantly slower rate of diabetes onset p = 0.027), lower plasma glucose (p = 0.043), and lower HbA1c (p = 0.008) compared with CON animals. There were no significant differences in food intake and body weight between all groups. This study demonstrated MS can delay the onset of diabetes in the UC Davis T2DM rat model to a greater extent than moderate caloric restriction (by comparison to the WM group). The results support its documented traditional uses and a bioactive role of moringa isothiocyanates and suggest the potential efficacy for moringa supplementation for diabetes management in populations at risk for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Waterman
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC, Davis, USA
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jason H Tong
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Asha Jaja-Chimedza
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC, Davis, USA
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29
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Razan MR, Akther F, Karimi HA, Amissi S, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. Estrogen Replacement Improves Mesenteric Arterial Relaxation in UC Davis Pre‐diabetic Rats: Possible Involvement of Estrogen Receptor Beta. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Huo Y, Grotle AK, Lee J, Ybarbo KM, Graham J, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Harison ML, Stone AJ. Exercise Pressor Reflex in UC Davis Type‐2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD‐T2DM) Rats Prior to the Onset of Diabetes. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huo
- The University of Texas at Austin
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Butler AA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Wong S, King S, Bremer AA, Krauss RM, Hamilton J, Havel PJ. Role of angiopoietin-like protein 3 in sugar-induced dyslipidemia in rhesus macaques: suppression by fish oil or RNAi. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:376-386. [PMID: 31919051 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibits lipid clearance and is a promising target for managing cardiovascular disease. Here we investigated the effects of a high-sugar (high-fructose) diet on circulating ANGPTL3 concentrations in rhesus macaques. Plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations increased ∼30% to 40% after 1 and 3 months of a high-fructose diet (both P < 0.001 vs. baseline). During fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation, plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations were positively correlated with circulating indices of insulin resistance [assessed with fasting insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], hypertriglyceridemia, adiposity (assessed as leptin), and systemic inflammation [C-reactive peptide (CRP)] and negatively correlated with plasma levels of the insulin-sensitizing hormone adropin. Multiple regression analyses identified a strong association between circulating APOC3 and ANGPTL3 concentrations. Higher baseline plasma levels of both ANGPTL3 and APOC3 were associated with an increased risk for fructose-induced insulin resistance. Fish oil previously shown to prevent insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in this model prevented increases of ANGPTL3 without affecting systemic inflammation (increased plasma CRP and interleukin-6 concentrations). ANGPTL3 RNAi lowered plasma concentrations of ANGPTL3, triglycerides (TGs), VLDL-C, APOC3, and APOE. These decreases were consistent with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. In summary, dietary sugar-induced increases of circulating ANGPTL3 concentrations after metabolic dysregulation correlated positively with leptin levels, HOMA-IR, and dyslipidemia. Targeting ANGPTL3 expression with RNAi inhibited dyslipidemia by lowering plasma TGs, VLDL-C, APOC3, and APOE levels in rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - So Wong
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, CA
| | - Sarah King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA .,School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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Hung C, Napoli E, Ross-Inta C, Graham J, Flores-Torres AL, Stanhope KL, Froment P, Havel PJ, Giulivi C. Ileal interposition surgery targets the hepatic TGF-β pathway, influencing gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the UCD-T2DM rat model of diabetes. FASEB J 2019; 33:11270-11283. [PMID: 31307210 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802714r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ileal interposition (IT) is a surgical procedure that increases the delivery of incompletely digested nutrients and biliary and pancreatic secretions to the distal intestinal mucosa. Here, we investigated the metabolic impact of this intervention in 2-mo-old prediabetic University of California, Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus rats by assessing liver gene expression at 1.5 mo post-IT surgery. Pathway analysis indicated decreased signaling via TGF-β/Smad (a family of proteins named mothers against decapentaplegic homologs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and PI3K-Akt-AMPK-mechanistic target of rapamycin, likely targeting hepatic stellate cells because differentiation and activation of these cells is associated with decreased signaling via PPAR and TGF-β/Smad. IT surgery up-regulated the expression of genes involved in regulation of cholesterol and terpenoid syntheses and down-regulated those involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism [including cardiolipin (CL)], lipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis. Consistent with the down-regulation of the hepatic CL pathway, IT surgery produced a metabolic switch in liver, kidney cortex, and fat depots toward decreased mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, the process required to fuel high energy-demanding pathways (e.g., gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis), whereas opposite effects were observed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of metabolic pathways that complement the effects of IT surgery to maximize its benefits and potentially identify similarly effective, durable, and less invasive therapeutic options for metabolic disease, including inhibitors of TGF-β signaling.-Hung, C., Napoli, E., Ross-Inta, C., Graham, J., Flores-Torres, A. L., Stanhope, K. L., Froment, P., Havel, P. J., Giulivi, C. Ileal interposition surgery targets the hepatic TGF-β pathway, influencing gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the UCD-T2DM rat model of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Hung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Catherine Ross-Inta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - James Graham
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amanda L Flores-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pascal Froment
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 85, Paris, France
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Grotle AK, Crawford CK, Huo Y, Ybarbo KM, Harrison ML, Graham J, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Fadel PJ, Stone AJ. Exaggerated cardiovascular responses to muscle contraction and tendon stretch in UCD type-2 diabetes mellitus rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H479-H486. [PMID: 31274351 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00229.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have exaggerated sympathetic activity and blood pressure responses to exercise. However, the underlying mechanisms for these responses, as well as how these responses change throughout disease progression, are not completely understood. For this study, we examined the effect of the progression of T2DM on the exercise pressor reflex, a critical neurocardiovascular mechanism that functions to increase sympathetic activity and blood pressure during exercise. We also aimed to examine the effect of T2DM on reflexive cardiovascular responses to static contraction, as well as those responses to tendon stretch when an exaggerated exercise pressor reflex was present. We evoked the exercise pressor reflex and mechanoreflex by statically contracting the hindlimb muscles and stretching the Achilles tendon, respectively, for 30 s. We then compared pressor and cardioaccelerator responses in unanesthetized, decerebrated University of California Davis (UCD)-T2DM rats at 21 and 31 wk following the onset of T2DM to responses in healthy nondiabetic rats. We found that the pressor response to static contraction was greater in the 31-wk T2DM [change in mean arterial pressure (∆MAP) = 39 ± 5 mmHg] but not in the 21-wk T2DM (∆MAP = 24 ± 5 mmHg) rats compared with nondiabetic rats (∆MAP = 18 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). Similarly, the pressor and the cardioaccelerator responses to tendon stretch were significantly greater in the 31-wk T2DM rats [∆MAP = 69 ± 6 mmHg; change in heart rate (∆HR) = 28 ± 4 beats/min] compared with nondiabetic rats (∆MAP = 14 ± 2 mmHg; ∆HR = 5 ± 3 beats/min; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the exercise pressor reflex changes as T2DM progresses and that a sensitized mechanoreflex may play a role in exaggerating these cardiovascular responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to provide evidence that as type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progresses, the exercise pressor reflex becomes exaggerated, an effect that may be due to a sensitized mechanoreflex. Moreover, these findings provide compelling evidence suggesting that impairments in the reflexive control of circulation contribute to exaggerated blood pressure responses to exercise in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Charles K Crawford
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Yu Huo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kai M Ybarbo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Michelle L Harrison
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - James Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition; University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition; University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition; University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology; The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Butler AA, Zhang J, Price CA, Stevens JR, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, King S, Krauss RM, Bremer AA, Havel PJ. Low plasma adropin concentrations increase risks of weight gain and metabolic dysregulation in response to a high-sugar diet in male nonhuman primates. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9706-9719. [PMID: 30988006 PMCID: PMC6597842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse studies linking adropin, a peptide hormone encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated (ENHO) gene, to biological clocks and to glucose and lipid metabolism suggest a potential therapeutic target for managing diseases of metabolism. However, adropin's roles in human metabolism are unclear. In silico expression profiling in a nonhuman primate diurnal transcriptome atlas (GSE98965) revealed a dynamic and diurnal pattern of ENHO expression. ENHO expression is abundant in brain, including ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic nuclei regulating appetite and autonomic function. Lower ENHO expression is present in liver, lung, kidney, ileum, and some endocrine glands. Hepatic ENHO expression associates with genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified 426 genes co-regulated with ENHO in liver, ileum, kidney medulla, and lung. Gene Ontology analysis of this cluster revealed enrichment for epigenetic silencing by histone H3K27 trimethylation and biological processes related to neural function. Dietary intervention experiments with 59 adult male rhesus macaques indicated low plasma adropin concentrations were positively correlated with fasting glucose, plasma leptin, and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) concentrations. During consumption of a high-sugar (fructose) diet, which induced 10% weight gain, animals with low adropin had larger increases of plasma leptin and more severe hyperglycemia. Declining adropin concentrations were correlated with increases of plasma APOC3 and triglycerides. In summary, peripheral ENHO expression associates with pathways related to epigenetic and neural functions, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, suggesting co-regulation in nonhuman primates. Low circulating adropin predicts increased weight gain and metabolic dysregulation during consumption of a high-sugar diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Butler
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104,
- The Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
- The Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Candice A Price
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Joseph R Stevens
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - James L Graham
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Sarah King
- the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, and
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, and
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Peter J Havel
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616,
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35
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Razan MR, Akther F, Dillon G, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. Effects of Estrogen Replacement on ACh‐Induced Relaxation in Mesenteric Arteries of Prediabetic Ovariectomized Rats. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.512.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - Grayson Dillon
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | | | | | | | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
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36
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Butler AA, Price CA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, King S, Hung YH, Sethupathy P, Wong S, Hamilton J, Krauss RM, Bremer AA, Havel PJ. Fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rhesus macaques is attenuated with fish oil or ApoC3 RNA interference. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:805-818. [PMID: 30723097 PMCID: PMC6446715 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m089508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are significant adverse outcomes of consuming high-sugar diets. Conversely, dietary fish oil (FO) reduces plasma lipids. Diet-induced dyslipidemia in a rhesus model better approximates the pathophysiology of human metabolic syndrome (MetS) than rodent models. Here, we investigated relationships between metabolic parameters and hypertriglyceridemia in rhesus macaques consuming a high-fructose diet (n = 59) and determined the effects of FO supplementation or RNA interference (RNAi) on plasma ApoC3 and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Fructose supplementation increased body weight, fasting insulin, leptin, TGs, and large VLDL particles and reduced adiponectin concentrations (all P < 0.001). In multiple regression analyses, increased plasma ApoC3 was the most consistent and significant variable related to diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia. FO supplementation, which attenuated increases of plasma TG and ApoC3 concentrations, reversed fructose-induced shifts of lipoprotein particle size toward IDL and VLDL, a likely mechanism contributing to beneficial metabolic effects, and reduced hepatic expression of genes regulated by the SREBP pathway, particularly acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated ApoC3 inhibition lowered plasma TG concentrations in animals with diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia. In summary, ApoC3 is an important independent correlate of TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations in rhesus macaques consuming a high-fructose diet. ApoC3 is a promising therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with MetS and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Candice A Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Sarah King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - So Wong
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, CA
| | | | | | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA.
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37
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Akther F, Razan R, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. Role of EDHF in Potentiation of ACh‐induced Relaxation of Aorta in Male UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD‐T2DM) Rat: Sex Specific Responses. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.527.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | | | | | | | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
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38
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Piccolo BD, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Nookaew I, Mercer KE, Chintapalli SV, Wankhade UD, Shankar K, Havel PJ, Adams SH. Diabetes-associated alterations in the cecal microbiome and metabolome are independent of diet or environment in the UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E961-E972. [PMID: 30016149 PMCID: PMC6293161 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00203.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiome is altered in obesity and type 2 diabetes; however, it is not known whether these alterations are mediated by dietary factors or related to declines in metabolic health. To address this, cecal contents were collected from age-matched, chow-fed male University of California, Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats before the onset of diabetes (prediabetic PD; n = 15), 2 wk recently diabetic (RD; n = 10), 3 mo (D3M; n = 11), and 6 mo (D6M; n = 8) postonset of diabetes. Bacterial species and functional gene counts were assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing of bacterial DNA in cecal contents, while metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-quadrupole time-off-flight-mass spectrometry. Metagenomic analysis showed a shift from Firmicutes species in early stages of diabetes (PD + RD) toward an enrichment of Bacteroidetes species in later stages of diabetes (D3M + D6M). In total, 45 bacterial species discriminated early and late stages of diabetes with 25 of these belonging to either Bacteroides or Prevotella genera. Furthermore, 61 bacterial gene clusters discriminated early and later stages of diabetes with elevations of enzymes related to stress response (e.g., glutathione and glutaredoxin) and amino acid, carbohydrate, and bacterial cell wall metabolism. Twenty-five cecal metabolites discriminated early vs. late stages of diabetes, with the largest differences observed in abundances of dehydroabietic acid and phosphate. Alterations in the gut microbiota and cecal metabolome track diabetes progression in UCD-T2DM rats when controlling for diet, age, and housing environment. Results suggest that diabetes-specific host signals impact the ecology and end product metabolites of the gut microbiome when diet is held constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Stanhope KL, Goran MI, Bosy-Westphal A, King JC, Schmidt LA, Schwarz JM, Stice E, Sylvetsky AC, Turnbaugh PJ, Bray GA, Gardner CD, Havel PJ, Malik V, Mason AE, Ravussin E, Rosenbaum M, Welsh JA, Allister-Price C, Sigala DM, Greenwood MRC, Astrup A, Krauss RM. Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1205-1235. [PMID: 29761610 PMCID: PMC6530989 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calories from any food have the potential to increase risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease because all calories can directly contribute to positive energy balance and fat gain. However, various dietary components or patterns may promote obesity and cardiometabolic disease by additional mechanisms that are not mediated solely by caloric content. Researchers explored this topic at the 2017 CrossFit Foundation Academic Conference 'Diet and Cardiometabolic Health - Beyond Calories', and this paper summarizes the presentations and follow-up discussions. Regarding the health effects of dietary fat, sugar and non-nutritive sweeteners, it is concluded that food-specific saturated fatty acids and sugar-sweetened beverages promote cardiometabolic diseases by mechanisms that are additional to their contribution of calories to positive energy balance and that aspartame does not promote weight gain. The challenges involved in conducting and interpreting clinical nutritional research, which preclude more extensive conclusions, are detailed. Emerging research is presented exploring the possibility that responses to certain dietary components/patterns are influenced by the metabolic status, developmental period or genotype of the individual; by the responsiveness of brain regions associated with reward to food cues; or by the microbiome. More research regarding these potential 'beyond calories' mechanisms may lead to new strategies for attenuating the obesity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M I Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J C King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - L A Schmidt
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J-M Schwarz
- Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - A C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C D Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - V Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Wellness Department, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Allister-Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M R C Greenwood
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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40
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Seelke AM, Rhine MA, Khun K, Shweyk AN, Scott AM, Bond JM, Graham JL, Havel PJ, Wolden-Hanson T, Bales KL, Blevins JE. Intranasal oxytocin reduces weight gain in diet-induced obese prairie voles. Physiol Behav 2018; 196:67-77. [PMID: 30144467 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) elicits weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents, nonhuman primates and humans by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. In addition to being important in the regulation of energy balance, OT is involved in social behaviors including parent-infant bonds, friendships, and pair bonds. However, the impact of social context on susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and feeding behavior (including food sharing) has not been investigated in a rodent model that forms strong social bonds (i.e. prairie vole). Our goals were to determine in Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) whether i) social context impacts susceptibility to DIO and ii) chronic intranasal OT reverses DIO. Voles were housed in divided cages with holes in the divider and paired with a same-sex animal with either the same food [high fat diet (HFD)/HFD, [low fat diet (LFD; chow)/chow], or the opposite food (HFD/chow or chow/HFD) for 19 weeks. HFD-fed voles pair-housed with voles maintained on the HFD demonstrated increased weight relative to pair-housed voles that were both maintained on chow. The study was repeated to determine the impact of social context on DIO susceptibility and body composition when animals are maintained on purified sugar-sweetened HFD and LFD to enhance palatability. As before, we found that voles demonstrated higher weight gain on the HFD/HFD housing paradigm, in part, through increased energy intake and the weight gain was a consequence of an increase in fat mass. However, HFD-fed animals housed with LFD-fed animals (and vice versa) showed intermediate patterns of weight gain and evidence of food sharing. Of translational importance is the finding that chronic intranasal OT appeared to reduce weight gain in DIO voles through a decrease in fat mass with no reduction in lean body mass. These effects were associated with transient reductions in food intake and increased food sharing. These findings identify a role of social context in the pathogenesis of DIO and indicate that chronic intranasal OT treatment reduces weight gain and body fat mass in DIO prairie voles, in part, by reducing food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele M Seelke
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maya A Rhine
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Konterri Khun
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amira N Shweyk
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jessica M Bond
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tami Wolden-Hanson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Karen L Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James E Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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41
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Price CA, Argueta DA, Medici V, Bremer AA, Lee V, Nunez MV, Chen GX, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL, DiPatrizio NV. Plasma fatty acid ethanolamides are associated with postprandial triglycerides, ApoCIII, and ApoE in humans consuming a high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverage. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E141-E149. [PMID: 29634315 PMCID: PMC6335011 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00406.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical research studies have provided ample evidence demonstrating that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases risk factors involved in the development of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous study demonstrated that when compared with aspartame (Asp), 2 wk of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverages provided at 25% of daily energy requirement was associated with increased body weight, postprandial (pp) triglycerides (TG), and fasting and pp CVD risk factors in young adults. The fatty acid ethanolamide, anandamide (AEA), and the monoacylglycerol, 2-arachidonoyl- sn-glycerol (2-AG), are two primary endocannabinoids (ECs) that play a role in regulating food intake, increasing adipose storage, and regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, we measured plasma concentrations of ECs and their analogs, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA), and docosahexaenoyl glycerol (DHG), in participants from our previous study who consumed HFCS- or Asp-sweetened beverages to determine associations with weight gain and CVD risk factors. Two-week exposure to either HFCS- or Asp-sweetened beverages resulted in significant differences in the changes in fasting levels of OEA and DHEA between groups after the testing period. Subjects who consumed Asp, but not HFCS, displayed a reduction in AEA, OEA, and DHEA after the testing period. In contrast, there were significant positive relationships between AEA, OEA, and DHEA vs. ppTG, ppApoCIII, and ppApoE in those consuming HFCS, but not in those consuming Asp. Our findings reveal previously unknown associations between circulating ECs and EC-related molecules with markers of lipid metabolism and CVD risk after HFCS consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Allister Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Guoxia X Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center , Davis, California
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
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42
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Acevedo C, Sylvia M, Schaible E, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Metz LN, Gludovatz B, Schwartz AV, Ritchie RO, Alliston TN, Havel PJ, Fields AJ. Contributions of Material Properties and Structure to Increased Bone Fragility for a Given Bone Mass in the UCD-T2DM Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1066-1075. [PMID: 29342321 PMCID: PMC6011658 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a higher fracture risk for a given bone quantity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Using a rat model of polygenic obese T2D, we demonstrate that diabetes significantly reduces whole-bone strength for a given bone mass (μCT-derived BMC), and we quantify the roles of T2D-induced deficits in material properties versus bone structure; ie, geometry and microarchitecture. Lumbar vertebrae and ulnae were harvested from 6-month-old lean Sprague-Dawley rats, obese Sprague-Dawley rats, and diabetic obese UCD-T2DM rats (diabetic for 69 ± 7 days; blood glucose >200 mg/dL). Both obese rats and those with diabetes had reduced whole-bone strength for a given BMC. In obese rats, this was attributable to structural deficits, whereas in UCD-T2DM rats, this was attributable to structural deficits and to deficits in tissue material properties. For the vertebra, deficits in bone structure included thinner and more rod-like trabeculae; for the ulnae, these deficits included inefficient distribution of bone mass to resist bending. Deficits in ulnar material properties in UCD-T2DM rats were associated with increased non-enzymatic crosslinking and impaired collagen fibril deformation. Specifically, small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that diabetes reduced collagen fibril ultimate strain by 40%, and those changes coincided with significant reductions in the elastic, yield, and ultimate tensile properties of the bone tissue. Importantly, the biomechanical effects of these material property deficits were substantial. Prescribing diabetes-specific tissue yield strains in high-resolution finite element models reduced whole-bone strength by a similar amount (and in some cases a 3.4-fold greater amount) as the structural deficits. These findings provide insight into factors that increase bone fragility for a given bone mass in T2D; not only does diabetes associate with less biomechanically efficient bone structure, but diabetes also reduces tissue ductility by limiting collagen fibril deformation, and in doing so, reduces the maximum load capacity of the bone. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Acevedo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Meghan Sylvia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Schaible
- Experimental Systems Group, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lionel N Metz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Gludovatz
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tamara N Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Purnell JQ, Johnson GS, Wahed AS, Dalla Man C, Piccinini F, Cobelli C, Prigeon RL, Goodpaster BH, Kelley DE, Staten MA, Foster-Schubert KE, Cummings DE, Flum DR, Courcoulas AP, Havel PJ, Wolfe BM. Prospective evaluation of insulin and incretin dynamics in obese adults with and without diabetes for 2 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1142-1154. [PMID: 29428999 PMCID: PMC6634312 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In this prospective case-control study we tested the hypothesis that, while long-term improvements in insulin sensitivity (SI) accompanying weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) would be similar in obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus, stimulated-islet-cell insulin responses would differ, increasing (recovering) in those with diabetes but decreasing in those without. We investigated whether these changes would occur in conjunction with favourable alterations in meal-related gut hormone secretion and insulin processing. METHODS Forty participants with type 2 diabetes and 22 participants without diabetes from the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-2) study were enrolled in a separate, longitudinal cohort (LABS-3 Diabetes) to examine the mechanisms of postsurgical diabetes improvement. Study procedures included measures of SI, islet secretory response and gastrointestinal hormone secretion after both intravenous glucose (frequently-sampled IVGTT [FSIVGTT]) and a mixed meal (MM) prior to and up to 24 months after RYGB. RESULTS Postoperatively, weight loss and SI-FSIVGTT improvement was similar in both groups, whereas the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRglu) decreased in the non-diabetic participants and increased in the participants with type 2 diabetes. The resulting disposition indices (DIFSIVGTT) increased by three- to ninefold in both groups. In contrast, during the MM, total insulin responsiveness did not significantly change in either group despite durable increases of up to eightfold in postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 levels, and SI-MM and DIMM increased only in the diabetes group. Peak postprandial glucagon levels increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION For up to 2 years following RYGB, obese participants without diabetes showed improvements in DI that approach population norms. Those with type 2 diabetes recovered islet-cell insulin secretion response yet continued to manifest abnormal insulin processing, with DI values that remained well below population norms. These data suggest that, rather than waiting for lifestyle or medical failure, RYGB is ideally considered before, or as soon as possible after, onset of type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00433810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Q Purnell
- Department of Medicine, The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Mailcode MDYMI, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Geoffrey S Johnson
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abdus S Wahed
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Sanford-Burnham Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Myrlene A Staten
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - David E Cummings
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Flum
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Peter J Havel
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce M Wolfe
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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44
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Grotle A, Huo Y, Harrison ML, Graham J, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Fadel PJ, Stone AJ. Type 2 Diabetic Rats Develop Exercise Pressor Reflex Dysfunction Over Time: New Insight Into Aging With Diabetes. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.725.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Katrin Grotle
- Kinesiology and Health EducationUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - Yu Huo
- Kinesiology and Health EducationUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | | | - James Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of NutritionThe University of California DavisDavisCA
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of NutritionThe University of California DavisDavisCA
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of NutritionThe University of California DavisDavisCA
| | - Paul J. Fadel
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX
| | - Audrey J. Stone
- Kinesiology and Health EducationUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX
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45
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Akther F, Razan MR, Tang T, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. The Aortic Function of Female UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD‐T2DM) Rats. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.569.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - Tia Tang
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - James L. Graham
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
| | | | | | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
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46
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Razan MR, Akther F, Wang DY, Shaligram S, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. Impaired Mesenteric Arterial Function of Male UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD‐T2DM) Rats: Possible Involvement of Small Conductance Calcium‐activated Potassium Channels (SKca). FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.569.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - Der Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - Sonali Shaligram
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
| | - James L. Graham
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
| | | | | | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of the PacificStocktonCA
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47
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Crawford CK, Ybarbo K, Grotle A, Huo Y, Graham J, Stanhope K, Havel PJ, Stone AJ. The Development and Progression of Mechanical Allodynia in UC, Davis Type 2 Diabetic Rats. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.lb474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Ybarbo
- Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - Ann‐Katrin Grotle
- Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - Yu Huo
- Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - James Graham
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA
| | - Kimber Stanhope
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
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48
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Huo H, Harrison ML, Grotle A, Graham J, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Stone AJ. Inflammatory Cytokines and Biomarkers in Aging Type 2 Diabetic Rats. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.725.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Huo
- University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Ghoshal S, Stevens JR, Billon C, Girardet C, Sitaula S, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Rankinen T, Bouchard C, Nuñez MV, Stanhope KL, Howatt DA, Daugherty A, Zhang J, Schuelke M, Weiss EP, Coffey AR, Bennett BJ, Sethupathy P, Burris TP, Havel PJ, Butler AA. Adropin: An endocrine link between the biological clock and cholesterol homeostasis. Mol Metab 2017; 8:51-64. [PMID: 29331507 PMCID: PMC5985041 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Identify determinants of plasma adropin concentrations, a secreted peptide translated from the Energy Homeostasis Associated (ENHO) gene linked to metabolic control and vascular function. Methods Associations between plasma adropin concentrations, demographics (sex, age, BMI) and circulating biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed in plasma obtained after an overnight fast in humans. The regulation of adropin expression was then assessed in silico, in cultured human cells, and in animal models. Results In humans, plasma adropin concentrations are inversely related to atherogenic LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in men (n = 349), but not in women (n = 401). Analysis of hepatic Enho expression in male mice suggests control by the biological clock. Expression is rhythmic, peaking during maximal food consumption in the dark correlating with transcriptional activation by RORα/γ. The nadir in the light phase coincides with the rest phase and repression by Rev-erb. Plasma adropin concentrations in nonhuman primates (rhesus monkeys) also exhibit peaks coinciding with feeding times (07:00 h, 15:00 h). The ROR inverse agonists SR1001 and the 7-oxygenated sterols 7-β-hydroxysterol and 7-ketocholesterol, or the Rev-erb agonist SR9009, suppress ENHO expression in cultured human HepG2 cells. Consumption of high-cholesterol diets suppress expression of the adropin transcript in mouse liver. However, adropin over expression does not prevent hypercholesterolemia resulting from a high cholesterol diet and/or LDL receptor mutations. Conclusions In humans, associations between plasma adropin concentrations and LDL-C suggest a link with hepatic lipid metabolism. Mouse studies suggest that the relationship between adropin and cholesterol metabolism is unidirectional, and predominantly involves suppression of adropin expression by cholesterol and 7-oxygenated sterols. Sensing of fatty acids, cholesterol and oxysterols by the RORα/γ ligand-binding domain suggests a plausible functional link between adropin expression and cellular lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the nuclear receptors RORα/γ and Rev-erb may couple adropin synthesis with circadian rhythms in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In male humans, plasma adropin concentrations are inversely related to low-density circulating cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Adropin expression is regulated by core elements of the biological clock (RORA/G, Rev-Erb). Sterol-sensing by the ROR ligand-binding domain provides a plausible link between adropin expression and lipid metabolism. In mouse liver, adropin expression is rhythmic and suppressed by exogenous (dietary) cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Ghoshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph R Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cyrielle Billon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clemence Girardet
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sadichha Sitaula
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arthur S Leon
- School of Kinesiology and Leisure Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James S Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Marinelle V Nuñez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Schuelke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Edward P Weiss
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alisha R Coffey
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Obesity and Metabolism Unit, Western Human Nutrition Center, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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