1
|
Mason AK, Padlo J, Mitchell MA, Heatley JJ, Tully TN. Measuring the Level of Agreement for Lactate Measurements in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis) Among 2 Point-of-Care Analyzers and a Benchtop Analyzer. J Avian Med Surg 2024; 37:314-320. [PMID: 38363163 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-37.4.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Lactate is an important biochemistry analyte used in human and veterinary medicine to assess tissue perfusion and can be used as a prognostic indicator for certain disease conditions. Whereas lactate is commonly measured using "patient-side" handheld meters, these meters have not been validated for companion avian species. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of agreement between 2 commercially available point-of-care lactate meters and a laboratory benchtop blood analyzer in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Blood samples were collected from 20 adult parrots at Louisiana State University by drawing 1.5 mL of blood from the right jugular vein. One drop of whole blood was used for the Lactate Plus analyzer and the remainder of the sample transferred into a lithium heparin microtainer. From the blood in the microtainer, 0.2 mL whole blood was analyzed using the epoc Blood Analysis System, and the remaining sample was centrifuged to obtain plasma that was immediately frozen at -80°C (-112°F) and submitted to the Texas A&M University Clinical Pathology Laboratory for analysis on the VITROS 4500 benchtop analyzer. Bland-Altman agreement plots and Passing-Bablok regression were used to measure the level of agreement between the methods. There was poor agreement between all 3 methods with mean percentage differences in lactate concentrations ≥22% (epoc and Lactate Plus: 33.6% [95% CI: 27-40]; epoc and VITROS 4500: 55% [95% CI:52-58]; VITROS 4500 and Lactate Plus: 22% [95% CI:16-28]). Based on these results, the point-of-care meters tested in this study are not interchangeable, and separate reference intervals were calculated for each method. Blood lactate concentrations may have more utility in tracing lactate trends over time in an individual rather than being able to utilize this information at 1 time point for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Mason
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA,
| | - Jordan Padlo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mark A Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J Jill Heatley
- Veterinary & Biomedical Education Complex, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitchell MA, Tully TN, Hawkins M. Another Year in the Books...and Plans for 2024. J Avian Med Surg 2024; 37:295-296. [PMID: 38363161 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-37.4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
|
3
|
Plangsangmas T, Nevarez JG, Dehghanpir S, Van V, Tully TN. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg 2024; 37:348-353. [PMID: 38363167 DOI: 10.1647/avianms-d-23-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tithipong Plangsangmas
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Javier G Nevarez
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shannon Dehghanpir
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Victoria Van
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tully TN, Hawkins MG, Mitchell MA. Thank You, Dr. Bob Groskin! J Avian Med Surg 2023; 37:197-198. [PMID: 37962312 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-37.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
|
5
|
Parks SN, Tully TN, Settle AL, Lattin CR. Handling and restraint induce a significant increase in plasma corticosterone in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Am J Vet Res 2023; 84:ajvr.22.12.0223. [PMID: 36892987 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.12.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure baseline plasma corticosterone levels in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and assess the effects of handling and restraint on corticosterone levels over 1 hour, reflective of what parrots might experience during veterinary care. ANIMALS 10 male and 12 female Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. PROCEDURES Each parrot was removed from its cage and wrapped in a towel for restraint similar to that performed in a clinical setting. An initial baseline blood sample was collected in < 3 minutes upon entrance into the parrot room, after which blood samples were taken every 15 minutes for 1 hour (a total of 5 blood samples). An enzyme-linked immunoassay was validated for Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and used to determine concentrations of plasma corticosterone. RESULTS On average, parrots showed a significant increase in corticosterone between baseline samples and all subsequent postrestraint time points (average baseline corticosterone ± SD: 0.51 ± 0.65 ng/mL). Females, on average, displayed significantly higher corticosterone levels than males after 30, 45, and 60 minutes of restraint (P = .016, P = .0099, and P = .015, respectively). Birds with feather-destructive behavior did not have significantly higher corticosterone levels than birds without the condition (P = .38). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the physiological stress response in companion psittacine birds during routine handling will allow clinicians to better evaluate how this may affect the patient's condition and diagnostic test results. Assessing how corticosterone correlates to behavioral conditions such as feather-destructive behavior will provide clinicians with the potential to develop treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby N Parks
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Aspen L Settle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Christine R Lattin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baden R, Tully TN, Brandão J, Liu CC, Grasperge B. Evaluation of Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Native and Citrated Whole Blood in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis) With a Handheld Point-of-Care Analyzer. J Avian Med Surg 2023; 36:356-361. [PMID: 36935206 DOI: 10.1647/22-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective assessment of coagulation in birds is difficult, and traditional methods of measuring prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with the use of mammalian reagents have not been validated in birds. Avian-specific reagents must be prepared from brain extract and are not practical for clinical use. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether the InSight qLabs point-of-care analyzer (Micropoint Biotechnologies Inc, Guangdong, China) could measure PT and aPTT in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) in native and citrated whole blood, and whether the values obtained correlated with clinical appearance and basic hematologic and biochemical parameters from the bird. The qLabs analyzer was able to measure aPTT reliably, but not PT. Activated partial thromboplastin time of citrated blood was significantly different from the aPTT measured from native whole blood (P < 0.001). On the basis of this study, the qLabs machine may be used to measure aPTT, but clinical application between avian species requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Baden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, badendvm@ gmail.com
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - João Brandão
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Britton Grasperge
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moreno AA, Tully TN, Metcalf K, Dehghanpir S, Van V, Bentley A. What is Your Diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg 2023; 36:426-433. [PMID: 36935216 DOI: 10.1647/22-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Moreno
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Katie Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shannon Dehghanpir
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Victoria Van
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Masri A, Tully TN, Mayer C, Falconnier N, Erwood E, Piero FD, Carossino M. What is Your Diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:333-337. [DOI: 10.1647/22-00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Rooney TA, Carpenter JW, KuKanich B, Gardhouse SM, Magnin GC, Tully TN. Feeding decreases the oral bioavailability of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid in hemp oil in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:ajvr.22.01.0006. [PMID: 35947680 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.01.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of a solution containing cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), administered orally in 2 single-dose studies (with and without food), in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). ANIMALS 6 healthy New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURES In phase 1, 6 rabbits were administered 15 mg/kg CBD with 16.4 mg/kg CBDA orally in hemp oil. In phase 2, 6 rabbits were administered the same dose orally in hemp oil followed by a food slurry. Blood samples were collected for 24 hours to determine the pharmacokinetics of CBD and CBDA. Quantification of plasma CBD and CBDA concentrations was determined using a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay. Pharmacokinetics were determined using noncompartmental analysis. RESULTS For CBD, the area under the curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC)0-∞ was 179.8 and 102 hours X ng/mL, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 30.4 and 15 ng/mL, the time to Cmax (tmax) was 3.78 and 3.25 hours, and the terminal half-life (t1/2λ) was 7.12 and 3.8 hours in phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. For CBDA, the AUC0-∞ was 12,286 and 6,176 hours X ng/mL, Cmax was 2,573 and 1,196 ng/mL, tmax was 1.07 and 1.12 hours, and t1/2λ was 3.26 and 3.49 hours in phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. Adverse effects were not observed in any rabbit. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CBD and CBDA reached a greater Cmax and had a longer t1/2λ in phase 1 (without food) compared with phase 2 (with food). CBDA reached a greater Cmax but had a shorter t1/2λ than CBD both in phase 1 and phase 2. These data may be useful in determining appropriate dosing of cannabinoids in the domestic rabbit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tess A Rooney
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - James W Carpenter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Butch KuKanich
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Sara M Gardhouse
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Géraldine C Magnin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carpenter JW, Tully TN, Rockwell K, KuKanich B. Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in the Hispaniolan Amazon Parrot (Amazona ventralis). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:121-127. [DOI: 10.1647/20-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Tully TN, Mitchell MA, Groskin R. A Thank You to Dr Robert (Bob) Cook, Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 2019–2022. J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:1. [DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-36.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
12
|
Nightengale M, Stout RW, Tully TN. Plasma Vitamin D (25-Hydroxyvitamin D) Levels in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis) Housed Indoors Over Time. Avian Dis 2022; 66:148-154. [PMID: 35510472 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone that can be ingested or synthesized in the body when skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV), typically from sunlight. In captivity, birds with no sunlight exposure may develop vitamin D deficiencies that may contribute to hypocalcemic conditions, even when fed a diet supplemented with vitamin D. An initial pilot study with Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) conducted approximately 18 mo prior indicated there were significant differences in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vit D) plasma levels between the resident parrots (indoor-only housing) and a new group of historically outdoor-housed parrots (new parrots) 5 days after the arrival of the latter at our institution. The goals of this study were to determine if vit D, ionized calcium (Ca2+), and ionized magnesium (Mg2+) levels changed from baseline values (taken 18 mo prior) in the new birds as well as to compare those values to those of the resident birds over time. The treatment was a change in husbandry for the new parrots (no UV exposure and diet as provided for the resident parrots). To accomplish this, the authors compared vit D levels in the same two groups of birds that were fed the same vit D-fortified diet and given no access to natural or artificial UV light exposure for 18 mo. The resident parrots (N = 9) had been housed indoors for approximately 20 yr with no exposure to natural or supplemented UV light. The second group of birds (new parrots; N = 8) had been housed outdoors prior to the initiation of the pilot study in 2016 and were fed a similar-but not identical-diet prior to their arrival. Plasma samples were sent to the Michigan State University Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health for analysis. Test results demonstrated differences between the two groups of parrots, largely attributed to the decrease in vit D plasma levels in the new parrots over time to values equivalent to those measured in the resident birds. Differences were seen in plasma Ca2+, while no differences were demonstrated relative to Mg2+. We discuss these findings and suggest that plasma vit D levels decrease in the absence of UV light, even when animals are maintained on a vit D-fortified and balanced diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlie Nightengale
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803,
| | - Rhett W Stout
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Savarese AN, Berg KJ, Paulsen DB, Sasaki E, Stewart M, Gaschen LE, Jowett PL, Tully TN. Unusual Pathologic Brain Changes Associated with Zinc Toxicosis in a Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot (Amazona aestiva). Avian Dis 2021; 64:478-481. [PMID: 33347554 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-64.4.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An adult blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was presented for a 6-wk history of ataxia and weight loss. Complete blood count, plasma chemistry panel, bile acids, and radiographic imaging were considered normal or unremarkable. The patient was hospitalized and supported with subcutaneous fluids, vitamin B complex, meloxicam, enrofloxacin, gavage feeding, and fenbendazole. While hospitalized, the ataxia significantly improved, and the bird began eating on its own and gaining weight. The bird was discharged from the hospital and prescribed enrofloxacin, meloxicam, and fenbendazole to be administered by the owner with recommendations for routine follow-up care. Medications were discontinued before emergent representation; at the time of reevaluation, the patient's condition had deteriorated severely. Given the poor prognosis, the owners elected for euthanasia. No gross abnormalities were noted on postmortem examination. Liver tissue zinc levels measured 125 ppm; normal limit is less than or equal to 25 ppm. Histopathologic changes to the brain were consistent with severe zinc toxicosis demonstrated by vasculopathy of the cerebral arteries and arterioles with multifocal areas of hemorrhage and astrocyte swelling. These findings have been reported in humans and other mammals but not birds. Although the source of this bird's heavy metal exposure is unknown, the high tissue zinc concentrations imply chronic exposure. This case presentation and unusual pathologic findings will be beneficial to the further understanding of avian zinc toxicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Savarese
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Kyra J Berg
- William T. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Daniel B Paulsen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Emi Sasaki
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Mathew Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Lorrie E Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Peter L Jowett
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cummings CO, Tully TN. Pilot assessment of a single, intraosseous, regional limb perfusion of amikacin in the wing of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Duvall A, Tully TN, Carpenter JW, KuKanich B, Beaufrère H, Magnin GC. Pilot Study of a Single Dose of Orally Administered Tapentadol Suspension in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis). J Avian Med Surg 2021; 35:45-50. [PMID: 33892588 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-35.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tapentadol is an analgesic agent that acts as both a µ-opioid receptor agonist and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It is a common therapeutic agent in human medicine for management of acute and chronic pain, and it is currently being investigated for use in veterinary medicine. Tapentadol was evaluated in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) because there is only 1 other oral opioid-like analgesic agent, tramadol, which has been evaluated in an avian species. The effectiveness of tramadol after administration to a patient involves a complex physiologic metabolism and has been found to have variable pharmacokinetics between species. Because of the lack of active metabolites from tapentadol, less interspecific variation was expected. Seven Hispaniolan Amazon parrots were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tapentadol after a single 30 mg/kg PO administration of a compounded 5 mg/mL tapentadol suspension. Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after administration, following a balanced, incomplete-block design. Plasma tapentadol concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results revealed detectable plasma concentrations in only 2 of 7 birds (29%), and the bird with the highest plasma levels had a peak concentration (Cmax) of 143 ng/mL and a half-life (T 1/2) of 24.8 minutes. The variable plasma concentrations and short half-life of this drug in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots suggests that this drug would be of limited clinical use in this species; however, it is possible that this drug will be more bioavailable in other avian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - James W Carpenter
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Butch KuKanich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geraldine C Magnin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Robertson JA, Guzman DSM, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Douglas JM, Havel PJ, Beaufrère H, Knych H, Tully TN, Paul-Murphy JR. Evaluation of Orally Administered Atorvastatin on Plasma Lipid and Biochemistry Profiles in Hypercholesterolemic Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis). J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:32-40. [PMID: 32237680 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a synthetic statin administered in its active form and used for the treatment of dyslipidemias. In the current study, the effects of atorvastatin were evaluated on plasma lipid profiles and the potential for adverse effects after once daily PO dosing of atorvastatin for 30 days in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Sixteen adult parrots (10 female, 6 male) with hypercholesterolemia were used for this study. Birds were assigned to 2 groups (treatment and control) of 8 parrots each (3 male, 5 female) after balancing for age, sex, originating institution, and baseline plasma cholesterol values. Compounded atorvastatin oral suspension (10 mg/kg) was administered PO once daily via gavage into the crop. Equivalent volumes of placebo suspension were administered to the control group. Plasma biochemistry and plasma lipid profile analysis (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides [TGs]) were analyzed on days 0, 14, and 30. Plasma samples and HDL-C fractions were evaluated for cholesterol and TG concentrations via enzymatic assays. Subtraction of HDL-C values from total cholesterol yielded the non-HDL-C concentration for each bird. Birds were routinely assessed for appetite, activity, and urofeces. Plasma atorvastatin concentrations were obtained from 7 of 8 birds in the treatment group from banked samples. Those samples were obtained on days 14 and 30, with drug administration 6 to 8 hours before collection. No significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, or TG between treatment and control groups at days 0, 14, and 30. Plasma atorvastatin concentrations were variable on day 14 (0.54-5.41 ng/ mL for 6 of 7 samples, with 1 outlier of 307 ng/mL) and on day 30 (0.79-6.74 ng/mL). No adverse effects were noted in any of the birds during the study period. When dosed PO at 10 mg/kg once daily, atorvastatin did not result in significant changes to plasma lipid profiles (eg, lowering of plasma total or non-HDL-C concentrations) at any time point during this study. Future studies to investigate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of atorvastatin in parrots may require increased doses and/or frequency of administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Robertson
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jamie M Douglas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Heather Knych
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-8410, USA
| | - Joanne R Paul-Murphy
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rockwell K, Looper J, Boudreaux B, Tully TN. Treatment of Exuberant Granulation Tissue in an Umbrella Cockatoo ( Cacatua alba) with Strontium Radiation. J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:78-82. [PMID: 32237686 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 26-year-old female umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) was presented for reoccurrence of a soft tissue mass extending from a fractured area of the rhinotheca. The mass was originally observed 12 years before, after unknown trauma. Histopathology after initial removal was consistent with inflammatory granulation tissue. The mass reoccurred 3 additional times in the same location despite surgical removal and cryogenic therapy. On the fourth surgical resection, strontium-90 radiotherapy was applied to the site immediately after the surgical procedure. No recurrence of the tissue mass from this location has been observed for almost 2 years. This case demonstrates the novel use of strontium radiotherapy to treat exuberant granulation tissue in a bird.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rockwell
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA,
| | - Jayme Looper
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Bonnie Boudreaux
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Patial S, Higbie C, Tully TN, Wakamatsu N. Proximal hind limb leiomyosarcoma with disseminated metastasis in a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
19
|
West JA, Tully TN, Nevarez JG, Stout RW. Effects of Fluorescent Lighting Versus Sunlight Exposure on Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Feather Destructive Behavior in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis). J Avian Med Surg 2020; 33:235-244. [PMID: 31893618 DOI: 10.1647/2018-378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Low exposure to ultraviolet light, and resulting vitamin D deficiency, has recently been linked to autism spectrum disorder in people. Captive psittacine birds that exhibit feather destructive behavior share similarities with people affected by autism spectrum disorder, such as repetitive (stereotypies) and self-harming behaviors. The metabolic and psychological effects of housing pet parrots indoors without ultraviolet B lighting are not typically considered in animal husbandry or veterinary care. Calcifediol (serum vitamin D), ionized calcium, and ionized magnesium levels were compared between 10 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) housed indoors and 10 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots historically housed outdoors. Although ionized calcium and magnesium levels were not significantly different, calcifediol levels were significantly greater in the colony of birds housed outdoors. Further, these 2 research colonies of individually housed birds were feather scored. Subjectively, the birds that were housed indoors had greater self-inflicted feather damage than did those housed outdoors; however, the difference was not statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A West
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Javier G Nevarez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Rhett W Stout
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cook RA, Tully TN. A Tribute to Dr. James W. Carpenter's 26 years of Service as Editor-In-Chief of the Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery. J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:1-2. [PMID: 32237675 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Schwartz D, Guzman DSM, Beaufrere H, Ammersbach M, Paul-Murphy J, Tully TN, Christopher MM. Morphologic and quantitative evaluation of bone marrow aspirates from Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:645-651. [PMID: 31701548 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow aspirate assessments provide valuable information about hematopoietic status and hematologic disease. Hematopoietic cell differentials and morphologies have been anecdotally described in psittacines, but quantitative studies are lacking. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine differential cell counts and calculate granulocyte:erythroid (G:E) ratios in bone marrow aspirates from Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and report representative morphologies of the hematopoietic cells. METHODS Bone marrow aspirates were collected from 32 clinically healthy, captive, parrots. Peripheral blood was obtained for CBCs. Bone marrow differential cell counts (%) were determined by counting 500 cells on modified Wright's-stained smears. G:E ratios were calculated. Representative images of hematopoietic cells at all stages of development were taken. RESULTS Of the 32 parrots sampled, 17 bone marrow samples were of sufficient cellularity and quality for evaluation. Erythroid cells comprised 68.9 ± 8.6% (total ± SD) of the hematopoietic cells and consisted primarily of early- and late-stage polychromatophilic rubricytes (43.6 ± 2.1% of total erythroid cells). Granulocytic cells comprised 28.1 ± 3.8% of the hematopoietic cells and consisted primarily of mature and band heterophils (11.9 ± 5.2% and 6.5 ± 3.4%, respectively, of total granulocytic cells). A unique morphologic finding in avian progranulocytes was the presence of multiple different granules. The G:E ratio was 0.4 ± 0.2 (median 0.4, range 0.1-0.9). Thrombocyte lineage cells could not be reliably identified and were not counted. CBC results were largely within expected limits. CONCLUSIONS The low G:E ratios observed could be normal in this species; however, these ratios could be affected by factors related to sampling and cell identification. These findings will be a valuable resource for the diagnostic evaluation of clinical bone marrow samples from Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and could serve as a general reference for psittacine bone marrow evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hugues Beaufrere
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Joanne Paul-Murphy
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mary M Christopher
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carpenter JW, Cook RA, Tully TN. An Update from the Editor-In-Chief and Scientific Editors. J Avian Med Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-33.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Snow S, Higbie C, Tully TN, Bauer R, Peterson T. MULTIPLE MYELOMA IN AN AFRICAN HEDGEHOG (ATELERIX ALBIVENTRIS) BASED ON NECROPSY FINDINGS. J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
24
|
Bakker AM, Higbie CT, Malenfant RC, Tully TN, Nevarez JG, Sumner J. Traumatic Intervertebral Disc Herniation with Paraplegia in a Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Carter KL, Higbie CT, Tully TN, Brandao J. DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE. J Exot Pet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
DiGeronimo PM, Crossland NA, Jugan A, Nevarez JG, Tully TN, Evans DE. Diabetes Mellitus With Concurrent Cerebellar Degeneration and Necrosis in a Domestic Goose ( Anser anser domesticus). J Avian Med Surg 2018; 32:122-127. [PMID: 29905099 DOI: 10.1647/2017-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year-old sexually intact male Toulouse goose ( Anser anser domesticus) was presented for ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia. The goose was cachectic and exhibited head tremors. Results of plasma biochemical analysis and point-of-care glucometry revealed persistent hyperglycemia. Despite supportive care and oral glipizide, the goose died within 48 hours of presentation. Necropsy revealed severe pancreatic atrophy and fibrosis with regionally extensive cerebellar encephalomalacia and generalized Purkinje cell degeneration and necrosis. On a wet basis, hepatic zinc concentration was determined to be twice the reference interval by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Based on these findings, the pancreatic insufficiency with secondary diabetes mellitus was attributed to chronic zinc toxicosis. Despite birds' relative resistance to high blood glucose concentrations, prolonged hyperglycemia is suspected to have caused selective Purkinje cell degeneration and necrosis by glial activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glutamate toxicity, which resulted in the clinically observed motor deficits. This is consistent with experimental diabetic rat models. This case highlights the need for further investigation of the complex pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in birds.
Collapse
|
27
|
Buller MC, Higbie CT, Tully TN, Crossland N, Wilson LD. Diagnostic Challenge. J Exot Pet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
28
|
Leissinger MK, Johnson JG, Tully TN, Gaunt SD. Rhabdomyolysis and Artifactual Increase in Plasma Bicarbonate Concentration in an Amazon Parrot (Amazona species). J Avian Med Surg 2017; 31:244-249. [PMID: 28891700 DOI: 10.1647/2016-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old male Amazon parrot housed outdoors presented with acute collapse, marked lethargy, and open-mouth breathing. The patient had stiffness of the pectoral muscles, and petechiation and ecchymosis noted around the eyes and beneath the mandible. Laboratory data revealed markedly increased aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase activity consistent with rhabdomyolysis, as well as markedly increased plasma bicarbonate concentration. Marked clinical improvement and resolution of laboratory abnormalities occurred with fluid therapy, administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, and husbandry modifications, including indoor housing and dietary alteration. A spurious increase in bicarbonate measurement as documented in equine and bovine cases of rhabdomyolysis also occurred in this avian patient and must be considered for accurate interpretation of acid-base status in exotic species presenting with consistent clinical signs.
Collapse
|
29
|
Balsamo G, Maxted AM, Midla JW, Murphy JM, Wohrle R, Edling TM, Fish PH, Flammer K, Hyde D, Kutty PK, Kobayashi M, Helm B, Oiulfstad B, Ritchie BW, Stobierski MG, Ehnert K, Tully TN. Compendium of Measures to ControlChlamydia psittaciInfection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017. J Avian Med Surg 2017; 31:262-282. [DOI: 10.1647/217-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
30
|
Carpenter JW, Tully TN, Gehring R, Guzman DSM. Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis). J Avian Med Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1647/2015-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
McRee AE, Tully TN, Nevarez JG, Sumner J, da Cunha AF. A Novel Surgical Approach to Avian Femorotibiotarsal Luxation Repair. J Avian Med Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1647/2015-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
West JA, Tully TN, Nevarez JG. Diagnostic Challenge. J Exot Pet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
34
|
DiGeronimo PM, da Cunha AF, Pypendop B, Brandão J, Stout R, Rinaldi M, Tully TN. Cardiovascular tolerance of intravenous bupivacaine in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) anesthetized with isoflurane. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:287-294. [PMID: 28342761 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the median effective dose (ED50) of intravenous (IV) bupivacaine associated with a 50% probability of causing clinically relevant cardiovascular effects [defined as 30% change in heart rate (HR) or mean arterial pressure (MAP)] in chickens anesthetized with isoflurane. STUDY DESIGN Randomized up-and-down study. ANIMALS A total of 14 Ross-708 broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) weighing 1.70-2.75 kg. METHODS Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane. Monitoring included the electrocardiogram and invasive arterial pressures. Chickens were administered bupivacaine IV over 2 minutes using a dose based on the response of the previous animal. Dose was decreased when HR and/or MAP in the previous animal increased or decreased ≥30% after bupivacaine administration, or increased when HR or MAP changed <30%. The ED50 was defined as the dose resulting in ≥30% variation in HR or MAP in 50% of the population studied. RESULTS The IV ED50 of bupivacaine was 1.94 mg kg-1 using Dixon's up-and-down method and 1.96 mg kg-1 by logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggest that 1.33 and 1.96 mg kg-1 of IV bupivacaine are associated with a respective 1 or 50% probability of a clinically significant change in MAP in isoflurane-anesthetized chickens. Identification of the cardiovascular changes associated with different doses of bupivacaine can be used as the basis for studies of therapeutic applications in the domestic chicken. Further studies are required to determine interspecies variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M DiGeronimo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anderson F da Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Bruno Pypendop
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - João Brandão
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rhett Stout
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Max Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sutherland M, Higbie CT, Crossland NA, Espinheira F, Evans D, Brines CM, Tully TN. Aberrant Migration of Cuterebra Larvae in 2 Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
Brandão J, Reynolds CA, Beaufrère H, Serio J, Blair RV, Gaschen L, Johnson JG, Del Piero F, Barker SA, Nevarez JG, Tully TN. Cardiomyopathy in a Harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:221-7. [PMID: 27379599 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION An adult sexually intact female Harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) housed at a wildlife hospital was evaluated because of acute collapse during an educational exhibition. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination and hematologic analysis revealed no abnormalities; radiography revealed findings consistent with a previous tibiotarsal fracture. Coelioscopy with histologic examination and fungal culture of lung and air sac samples revealed anthracosis but no fungal infection. The hawk was discharged and temporarily removed from the education program; 1 month later, upon reintroduction into the program, it collapsed again. Physical examination and hematologic findings were similar to those after the first episode. Transcoelomic and transesophageal echocardiography and CT angiocardiography findings were consistent with cardiomyopathy. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Initial cardiac treatment included furosemide (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) and pimobendan (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h). After 10 days of treatment, peak and trough plasma concentrations of pimobendan were measured at 25, 196 and 715.97 ng/mL, respectively; the dosage was decreased to 0.25 mg/kg (0.11 mg/lb), PO, every 12 hours. No overt signs of toxicosis were detected. A sample was collected to reevaluate plasma pimobendan concentration after 30 days of treatment; results were not obtained prior to the patient's death but revealed a peak concentration of 16.8 ng/mL, with an undetectable trough concentration. The hawk was found dead 6 months after initial evaluation. Necropsy revealed cardiomegaly, but histologic examination did not reveal an inciting cause of cardiac dysfunction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cardiac disease in raptors may be underreported. Transcoelomic and transesophageal echocardiography and CT angiography provided useful information for the diagnosis of cardiac disease in the hawk of this report.
Collapse
|
37
|
LaRue MK, Flesner BK, Higbie CT, Dehghanpir S, Crossland N, Nevarez JG, Tully TN, Grasperge BJ, Langohr IM, Shiomitsu K. Treatment of a Thyroid Tumor in an African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). J Exot Pet Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
38
|
Pucheu-Haston CM, Brandão J, Jones KL, Seals SL, Tully TN, Nevarez JG, Evans D. Zymbal Gland (Auditory Sebaceous Gland) Carcinoma Presenting as Otitis Externa in a Pet Rat (Rattus norvegicus). J Exot Pet Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
39
|
Tully TN, Mitchell MA. THE JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE EMBARKS IN A NEW DIRECTION. J Exot Pet Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
40
|
Beaufrère H, Kearney MT, Tully TN. Can We Trust the Avian Medical Literature: Survey and Critical Appraisal of the Use of Statistics in Avian Medicine from 2007 to 2011. J Exot Pet Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
41
|
Keller KA, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Acierno MJ, Beaufrère H, Sinclair KM, Owens SD, Paul-Murphy J, Tully TN. Thromboelastography Values in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis): A Pilot Study. J Avian Med Surg 2015; 29:174-80. [DOI: 10.1647/2014-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
Beaufrère H, Papich MG, Brandão J, Nevarez J, Tully TN. Plasma Drug Concentrations of Orally Administered Rosuvastatin in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis). J Avian Med Surg 2015; 29:18-24. [PMID: 25867662 DOI: 10.1647/2014-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic diseases are common in pet psittacine birds, in particular Amazon parrots. While hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia have not definitely been associated with increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis in parrots, these are important and well-known risk factors in humans. Therefore statin drugs such as rosuvastatin constitute the mainstay of human treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of atherosclerosis. No pharmacologic studies have been performed in psittacine birds despite the high prevalence of atherosclerosis in captivity. Thirteen Hispaniolan Amazon parrots were used to test a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of rosuvastatin with blood sampling performed according to a balanced incomplete block design over 36 hours. Because low plasma concentrations were produced in the first study, a subsequent pilot study using a dose of 25 mg/kg in 2 Amazon parrots was performed. Most plasma samples for the 10 mg/kg dose and all samples for the 25 mg/kg dose had rosuvastatin concentration below the limits of quantitation. For the 10 mg/kg study, the median peak plasma concentration and time to peak plasma concentration were 0.032 μg/mL and 2 hours, respectively. Our results indicate that rosuvastatin does not appear suitable in Amazon parrots as compounded and used at the dose in this study. Pharmacodynamic studies investigating lipid-lowering effects of statins rather than pharmacokinetic studies may be more practical and cost effective in future studies to screen for a statin with more ideal properties for potential use in psittacine dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic diseases.
Collapse
|
43
|
Evans EE, Mitchell MA, Whittington JK, Roy A, Tully TN. Measuring the Level of Agreement Between Cloacal Gram's Stains and Bacterial Cultures in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis ). J Avian Med Surg 2015; 28:290-6. [PMID: 25843466 DOI: 10.1647/2012-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cloacal or fecal Gram's stains and bacterial cultures are routinely performed during avian physical examinations to assess the microbial flora of the gastrointestinal tract. Although cloacal or fecal Gram's stains and bacterial cultures are considered routine diagnostic procedures, the level of agreement between the individual tests has not been determined. To investigate the level of agreement between results from Gram's stain and bacterial culture when used to assess cloacal or fecal samples from psittacine birds, samples were taken from 21 clinically healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) and tested by Gram's stain cytology and bacterial culture. Most bacteria (97.2%) identified by Gram's stain were gram positive. However, gram-negative organisms were identified in 7 of 21 (33.3%; 95% confidence interval: 13.3%-53.3%) birds. Escherichia coli was the only gram-negative organism identified on culture. Agreement between results of Gram's stain and culture was fair (weighted κ = 0.27). The results of this study suggest that Gram's stains and bacterial culture may need to be performed with a parallel testing strategy to limit the likelihood of misclassifying the microbial flora of psittacine patients.
Collapse
|
44
|
Brandão J, Blair R, Kelly A, Fowlkes N, Shiomitsu K, Espinheira Gomes F, Rich G, Tully TN. Amelanotic Melanoma in the Rabbit: A Case Report With an Overview of Immunohistochemical Characterization. J Exot Pet Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
45
|
Jones KL, Granger LA, Kearney MT, da Cunha AF, Cutler DC, Shapiro ME, Tully TN, Shiomitsu K. Evaluation of a ferret-specific formula for determining body surface area to improve chemotherapeutic dosing. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:142-8. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Brandão J, da Cunha AF, Pypendop B, Stout R, Nevarez J, Tully TN. Cardiovascular tolerance of intravenous lidocaine in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) anesthetized with isoflurane. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 42:442-8. [PMID: 25229315 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cardiovascular effects of lidocaine infused intravenously (IV) in broiler chickens. STUDY DESIGN Two phase study: Phase 1, randomized up-and-down study to determine effective dose 50 (ED50) for lidocaine; Phase 2, prospective randomized study to determine the cardiovascular effects of lidocaine. ANIMALS Seventeen Ross-708 broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) [11 chickens (Phase 1) and 6 chickens (Phase 2)], weighing 2.6-4.3 kg. METHODS After induction of anesthesia with isoflurane and placement of monitoring equipment including invasive blood pressure, chickens were administered lidocaine IV. During Phase 1, using an up-and-down design, each animal received a variable dose selected based on the response of the previous animal. During Phase 2, each animal was administered 6 mg kg(-1) of lidocaine IV over 2 minutes. Clinically irrelevant cardiovascular effects were defined as a relative decrease of heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (MAP) <30% subsequent to IV lidocaine administration. The ED50 was defined as the dose rate that would cause clinically irrelevant cardiovascular depression in 50% of the population. RESULTS During Phase 1, using an up-and-down study design (n = 11), the ED50 of lidocaine was determined to be 6.30 mg kg(-1) and 6.22 mg kg(-1) (95% confidence interval, 5.30-7.13 mg kg(-1)), when calculated by Dixon's up-and-down method, and logistic regression, respectively. During Phase 2, following infusion of lidocaine (6 mg kg(-1)), no clinically relevant effects on HR or MAP were detected in any animal. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Previous reports state that the dose of lidocaine used in birds should be ≤4 mg kg(-1). In this study, 6 mg kg(-1) of lidocaine injected IV was not associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. These results suggest that the dose of 4 mg kg(-1) can be exceeded, at least in chickens, and opens the possibility of other therapeutic uses for lidocaine in birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Brandão
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anderson F da Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bruno Pypendop
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rhett Stout
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Javier Nevarez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Thomas N Tully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schnellbacher R, Beaufrère H, Vet DM, Arnold RD, Tully TN, Mayer J, Divers SJ. Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Healthy Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis) After Oral Administration of a Single Dose. J Avian Med Surg 2014; 28:193-200. [DOI: 10.1647/2013-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
48
|
Beaufrère H, Vet DM, Cray C, Ammersbach M, Tully TN. Association of Plasma Lipid Levels With Atherosclerosis Prevalence in Psittaciformes. J Avian Med Surg 2014; 28:225-31. [DOI: 10.1647/2013-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
49
|
Johnson JG, Brandão J, Fowlkes N, Rich G, Rademacher N, Tully TN. Calvarial Osteoma with Cranial Vault Invasion in the Skull of a Ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Exot Pet Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
50
|
Barron H, Bennett A, Carpenter JW, Hoefer H, Paul-Murphy J, Tully TN, Rich G. The veterinary bucket list: what's left to do? J Avian Med Surg 2014; 28:64-7. [PMID: 24881156 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-28.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|