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Shahininejad H, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi MA, Arabkhazaeli F, Ayyari M, Behnamifar A, Abuali M, Grimes J. Comparing the effect of phytobiotic, coccidiostat, toltrazuril, and vaccine on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103596. [PMID: 38471232 PMCID: PMC11067760 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared 2 herbal anticoccidiosis drugs (water-soluble and feed-additive drugs) with monensin coccidiostat, toltrazuril (TTZ, anticoccidiosis drug), and Livacox Q (anticoccidiosis vaccine) in terms of their effects on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in broilers. In this study, 280 Ross 308 broiler chickens (a mix of both genders) were used in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 5 replications each including 8 chickens per replicate. On d 21 of rearing, all experimental groups, except for the negative control group (NC), were challenged with a mixed suspension of common strains of Eimeria, and the intended indices were assessed, including performance indices, number of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces, intestinal injuries, and the total number of intestinal bacteria. In addition, the NC and the group receiving the monensin had greater body weight gain (BWG) (P < 0.05). At the end of week 6, the monensin group had the highest feed intake (FI), while the water soluble medicine treatment resulted in the lowest feed intake (P < 0.05). Regarding the lesion scores on day 28, the highest and lowest rates of jejunal injuries were observed in the positive control group (PC), the monensin and vaccine group respectively. The rate of oocysts excretion (oocysts per gram of feces = OPG) on different days was higher in the PC group, and the use of monensin could further reduce excretion compared to the other groups (P > 0.05). Based on a comparison of the population of lactic acid bacteria between the NC and both medicinal plant treated groups, the use of these products could increase the population of these types of bacteria. Moreover, the population of Escherichia coli was less considerable in the NC and herbal powder groups (P < 0.05). Overall, similar to commercial medicines, the herbal medicines used in this project can be effective in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis and can improve profitability in broiler rearing centers by improving intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Shahininejad
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Arabkhazaeli
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14199-63114 Iran
| | - Mahdi Ayyari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Alireza Behnamifar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Morteza Abuali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Medicinal Plants-ACECR, Karaj, Alborz, 1419815477 Iran
| | - Jesse Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608 USA.
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Rahimi M, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi MA, Sharafi M, Masoudi AA, Grimes JL. The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as a mediator of dietary fatty acids and thiazolidinedione in pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by cold stress of broilers. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105157. [PMID: 38266350 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil and pioglitazone as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activating ligands on the reduction of cold-induced ascites in broiler chickens. A total of 480 one-day-old (Ross 308) male chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with eight replicates of 15 birds each. The following treatments were used: 1) ambient temperature (negative control), with basal diet; 2) cold-induced ascites (positive control), with basal diet; 3) cold-induced ascites, with basal diet +10 mg/kg/day pioglitazone and 4) cold-induced ascites, with basal diet +1% of fish oil. When compared with the positive control, body weight gain was higher (P ≤ 0.05) for broilers fed diets containing fish oil and pioglitazone at 28, 42, and 0-42 d. Broilers under cold-induced ascites had the highest blood pressure at 21 and 42 d, while fish oil and pioglitazone treatment reduced the blood pressure (P ≤ 0.05). Red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, bursa of Fabricius and spleen weights were improved (P ≤ 0.05) for chickens fed fish oil diets and pioglitazone compared to the cold-induced ascites (positive control). Exposure to cold temperature resulted in an increase in plasma T3 and T3/T4 ratio and decline in plasma T4 (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, PPARγ agonist pioglitazone and fish oil as source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid could be used as a strategy to reduce the negative effects of pulmonary arterial hypertension and ascites in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesse L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, United States of America.
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Farrokhi Z, Sharafi M, Hezavehei M, Torabi A, Shahverdi M, Rahimi S. The Effects of Glycerophospholipid Nanomicelles on the Cryotolerance of Frozen-Thawed Rooster Sperm. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:593-598. [PMID: 36637861 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen banking is an efficient method of artificial insemination for commercial breeders. However, the cryopreservation process induces severe damages to plasma membranes, which leads to reduced fertility potential of thawed sperm. The replacement of membrane lipids with oxidized membrane lipids repairs the cell membrane and improves its stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glycerophospholipid (GPL) nanomicelles on the cryosurvival of thawed rooster semen. Semen samples were collected from six 29-week Ross broiler breeder roosters, then mixed and divided into five equal parts. The samples were diluted with the Beltsville extender containing different concentrations of GPL according to the following groups: 0 (GPL-0), 0.1% (GPL-0.1), 0.5% (GPL-0.5), 1% (GPL-1), and 1.5% (GPL-1.5), then diluted semen was gradually cooled to 4°C during 3 hours and stored in liquid nitrogen. The optimum concentration of GPL was determined based on the quality parameters of thawed sperm. Our results showed sperm exposed to GPL-1 had significantly increased motion parameters and mitochondrial activity. The percentages of viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in the GPL-1, and GPL-1.5 groups compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the lowest rate of apoptosis and lipid peroxidation were observed in the GPL-1 and GPL-1.5 groups in comparison with the frozen control group. Our findings indicated that membrane lipid replacement with GPL nanomicelles (1% and 1.5%) could substitute for damaged lipids in membranes and protect sperm cells against cryoinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farrokhi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Embryology Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Embryology Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Embryology Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Torabi
- Research Center for Reproduction and Fertility, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Montreal University, St-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Maryam Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Rahimi M, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi MA, Sharafi M, Masoudi AA, Grimes JL. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation: a potential treatment for ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102859. [PMID: 37390553 PMCID: PMC10466243 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascites (serous fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity) has been observed worldwide in fast growing broilers. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is an important pathological feature of broiler ascites syndrome. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) are expressed in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) where they participate in the regulation of normal pulmonary vascular function. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish oil) and pioglitazone (PIO) as natural and synthetic PPARγ ligands supplementation on PPARγ and PGC-1α expression in the prevention of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) syndrome in broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted with 4 treatment groups: 1) negative control, normal temperature conditions with basal diet; 2) positive control, low-temperature conditions with basal diet; 3) positive control + 10 mg PIO/kg of weight/d and 4) positive control + 1% FO. Each treatment had 5 replicates. Ascites heart index (RV/TV) was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in chickens receiving FO (0.20) and PIO (0.21) compared to the positive control group (0.26). The addition of PIO in broilers under cold-induced ascites significantly increased the expression of PPARγ (9.44) and PGC-1α (5.81) genes in lung tissue compared to the negative control group (1.03, P < 0.05). Proliferative indexes of VSMC in pulmonary arteries such as PMT, PIT, and percentage wall thickness were significantly elevated in positive control group, indicating that pulmonary vascular remodeling occurred following VSMC proliferation in ascites. The vessel internal diameter was increased in FO and PIO groups. Based on these results, activation and expression of PPARγ and PGC-1α genes as a critical regulator of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell using ligands, especially PIO, can be effective in reducing the incidence of PAH in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Jesse L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA.
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Valipouri A, Rahimi S, Karkhane A, Torshizi MAK, Mobarez AM, Grimes J. Immunization of broiler chickens with recombinant alpha-toxin protein for protection against necrotic enteritis#. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Yazdani-Kachoei M, Rahimi S, Ebrahimi-Jaberi R, Nematollahi J, Jalali-Asadabadi S. Thermoelectric properties plus phonon and de Haas-van Alphen frequencies of hole/electron-doped [Formula: see text]. Sci Rep 2022; 12:663. [PMID: 35027573 PMCID: PMC8758700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate temperature, pressure, and localization dependence of thermoelectric properties, phonon and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) frequencies of the anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) CeIn[Formula: see text] using density functional theory (DFT) and local, hybrid, and band correlated functionals. It is found that the maximum values of thermopower, power factor, and electronic figure of merit of this compound occur at low (high) temperatures provided that the 4f-Ce electrons are (not) localized enough. The maximum values of the thermopower, power factor, electronic figure of merit (conductivity parameters), and their related doping levels (do not) considerably depend on the localization degree and pressure. The effects of pressure on these parameters substantially depend on the degree of localization. The phonon frequencies are calculated to be real which shows that the crystal is dynamically stable. From the phonon band structure, the thermal conductivity is predicted to be homogeneous. This prediction is found consistent with the thermal conductivity components calculated along three Cartesian directions. In analogous to the thermoelectric properties, it is found that the dHvA frequencies also depend on both pressure and localization degree. To ensure that the phase transition at Néel temperature cannot remarkably affect the results, we verify the density of states (DOS) of the compound at the paramagnetic phase constructing a non-collinear magnetic structure where the angles of the spins are determined so that the resultant magnetic moment vanishes. The non-collinear results reveal that the DOS and whence the thermoelectric properties of the compound are not changed considerably by the phase transition. To validate the accuracy of the results, the total and partial DOSs are recalculated using DFT plus dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT). The DFT+DMFT DOSs, in agreement with the hybrid DOSs, predict the Kondo effect in this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Yazdani-Kachoei
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan (UI), Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - S. Rahimi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan (UI), Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - R. Ebrahimi-Jaberi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan (UI), Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - J. Nematollahi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan (UI), Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - S. Jalali-Asadabadi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Isfahan (UI), Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
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Vosoogh Sharifi O, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Dalimi Asl A, Raei H. Strain differences in effects of dietary supplementation with Aspergillus niger cultures in protein-reduced diets on performance, plasma biochemistry and meat lipid oxidation of broilers. Anim Prod Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Behnamifar A, Bernal B, Torres O, Luis-Chincoya H, GGil M, García-Casado P, Rahimi S, Woelders H, Santiago-Moreno J. Research Note: Evaluation of two methods for adding cryoprotectant to semen and effects of bovine serum albumin on quality characteristics of cryopreserved rooster spermatozoa. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101093. [PMID: 33965806 PMCID: PMC8120946 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken semen cryopreservation is a tool for programs of genetic diversity management and endangered breeds conservation. Due to physiological features, the fertility rates of cryopreserved poultry sperm are lower than mammal species. Thus, improvement of the semen cryopreservation methods is required. A first study was performed by a 2 × 2 factorial design consisting of 2 methods of adding the cryoprotectant [Direct or Diluted (mixed with extender medium)] and 2 cryoprotectants (glycerol and dimethylacetamide). Then sperm quality indicators were evaluated after freezing. A second study with a 2 × 2 design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the optimization of 2 different extenders (Lake and Animal Sciences Group [ASG]). Viability and motility variables were evaluated before and after freezing. There was no significant difference in sperm viability and motility variables between Direct or Diluted methods. Supplementation of extenders with BSA improved most of the sperm motility variables in both extenders before and after freezing. Progressive sperm, non-progressive sperm before freezing, and all post-thaw sperm motility parameters, except amplitude of lateral head displacement and beat-cross frequency, were increased in BSA-supplemented extenders (P < 0.05), and BSA improved sperm viability in ASG extender after thawing (P < 0.05). After thawing, the interaction between extender and BSA (P < 0.05), eliminated the differences between the 2 BSA-supplemented media in curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement which were higher in non-supplemented ASG extender than nonsupplemented Lake medium. In conclusion, the direct or diluted methods of adding glycerol or dimethylacetamide, did not significantly affect the post-thaw sperm characteristics. BSA positively affected most of the post-thaw sperm motility indicators regardless of the type of extender and resulted in significantly higher post-thaw sperm viability in ASG medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Behnamifar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran
| | - Berenice Bernal
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olga Torres
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Luis-Chincoya
- Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230, Mexico
| | - María GGil
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran
| | - Henri Woelders
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Rahimi M, Rahimi S, Sharafi M, Shahverdi A, Grimes JL. The effect of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin on DNA absorption and quality of posttransfected sperm. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101058. [PMID: 33743498 PMCID: PMC8010517 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm can be selected as a natural vector for the production of transgenic animals. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD) removes cholesterol from the phospholipid membrane of sperm and improves the efficiency of DNA uptake by sperm. In experiment 1, fresh sperm was treated with various concentrations of MBCD. The direct effects of MBCD on sperm parameters were monitored. In experiment 2, different concentrations of MBCD (0, 1, 2, and 4 mmol) were assessed for the transfection of genetically exogenous construction to rooster sperm. Washed semen was divided into 5 equal groups for the incubation and transfection with a pcDNA3.1+/hG-CSF vector (exogenous DNA) as follows; Treatment I-Control (washed semen without DNA); Treatment II-Control (washed semen with DNA); Treatment III-(washed semen incubated with DNA and 1 mmol MBCD); Treatment IV-(washed semen incubated with DNA and 2 mmol MBCD); and Treatment V-(washed semen incubated with DNA and 4 mmol MBCD). We demonstrated that rooster spermatozoa spontaneously can uptake exogenous DNA; this was assessed using exogenous DNA amplification (sperm genomic DNA used as a template for PCR reaction) after DNase I treatment. In addition, total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), velocity parameters [curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight linear velocity (VSL), sperm track straightness (STR), linearity (LIN)], membrane integrity (MI), and membrane functionality were posttransfectionally evaluated. The concentrations of 1 and 2 mmol MBCD significantly (P < 0.05) improved the motion characteristics and membrane integrity of fresh sperm. The presence of hG-CSF in rooster sperm was detected by PCR and based on sperm analyses MBCD (1 mmol) improved the percentage of motility (98.9 ± 0.81), membrane functionality (64 ± 1.64), and MI (76.2 ± 1.65) after transfection when compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). For the production of transgenic chicken, hens were inseminated (AI) by transfected sperm treated with 1 and 0 mmol MBCD. A PCR analysis of the blood samples and dead embryo tissues of chicks did not reveal the transgene integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 1411713116
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 1411713116
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 1411713116
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - J L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695-7608 USA.
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Arak H, Karimi Torshizi MA, Hedayati M, Rahimi S. The efficiency of synthetic polymers to ameliorate the adverse effects of Aflatoxin on plasma biochemistry, immune responses, and hepatic genes expression in ducklings. Toxicon 2020; 187:136-143. [PMID: 32898571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of molecularly imprinted polymers as a synthetic polymer (TMU95) and commercial toxin binder (CTB) on aflatoxins (AFs) toxic effects on hepatic gene expression, and the biochemical and immunological parameters in ducklings, 240 four-day-old ducklings were randomly allocated into six groups with four replicates of 10 ducklings per each. The experimental groups were as follows: Negative control (basal diet without any additive or AFs), Negative control + TMU95 (5 g/kg feed), Negative control + CTB (Zarinbinder, Vivan Group, Mashhad, Iran. 5 g/kg feed), Positive control (0.2 mg AFs/kg feed), Positive control + TMU95 (5 g/kg feed), and Positive control + CTB (5 g/kg feed). On day 14, livers were collected (8 per treatment) to evaluate change in the expression of genes involved in AFs biotransformation (cytochrome P450 1A1 and 2H1) and antioxidant function (glutathione S-transferase). Several biochemical biomarkers and immune responses were also recorded. Compared with the negative control group AFs treatment significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and increased the aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (P ≤ 0.01). Cellular immune responses to the phytohemagglutinin-and 2, 4-dinitro 1-chlorobenzene skin test were significantly influenced by dietary aflatoxins (P ≤ 0.01) but a humoral immune response to Newcastle disease virus/vaccine was not affected (P ≥ 0.01). Compared with negative control group, the genes associated with AFs biotransformation were downregulated, whereas the gene associated with the antioxidant function was upregulated in birds fed AFs. The CTB supplement in contaminated feed could alleviate AFs adverse effects on cellular immunity, ALT concentration, and cytochrome P450 2H1 gene expression partially, whereas TMU95 could not ameliorate the adverse effects of AFs on the traits studied, except for ALP. The data suggest that TMU95 may alleviate some of the toxic effects of aflatoxins in duckling and it might prove to be beneficial in the reduction of aflatoxicosis adverse effect in poultry when used in combination with other aflatoxin management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Arak
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
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Rahimi S, Kathariou S, Fletcher O, Grimes JL. Effect of a direct-fed microbial and prebiotic on performance and intestinal histomorophology of turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6572-6578. [PMID: 31350998 PMCID: PMC8913980 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter are leading human foodborne pathogens commonly associated with poultry and poultry products, and several methods to control these pathogens have been applied to poultry production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CALSPORIN, (CSP), a direct-fed microbial (DFM), and yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cervisiae, IMW50, a mannanoligosaccharide (MOS)-based prebiotic, on performance, levels of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the feces, and intestinal histomorphometry in turkey poults. A 21-day battery cage study was conducted using 4 dietary treatments, including: an unsupplemented basal diet (corn and soybean-based) as negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% DFM; basal diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS; and basal diet supplemented with 0.05% mixture of DFM and MOS at equal proportions. Female Large White turkey poults (n = 336) were randomly distributed in 6 electrically-heated battery cages with 4 treatments and 12 replicates per treatment (7 poults per replicate pen). The first 16 pens were not inoculated with bacteria, while poults in pens 17 to 32 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 CFU Salmonella Heidelberg and the poults in pens 33 to 48 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 CFU Campylobacter jejuni. Feed consumption, body weight, and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly and at the end of the experiment. At day 21, fresh fecal samples from each pen were collected for Salmonella and Campylobacter enumeration and ileal tissue samples were collected from 1 bird per pen for histomorphology examination. DFM and MOS supplementation was accompanied with reduced levels of Salmonella shed by the treated birds compared to the control group, and with increased body weight (P ≤ 0.05). The surface area of villi increased in the MOS-supplemented group compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). There was a significant difference in V:C ratio between supplemented groups and control group (P ≤ 0.05). Based on these results, there is potential for CALSPORIN and IMW50 to reduce Salmonella shedding in feces, enhance ileal mucosal health, and improve growth performance of turkey poults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Rahimi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Oscar Fletcher
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607
| | - Jesse L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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12
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Rahimi S, Kathariou S, Fletcher O, Grimes JL. The effectiveness of a dietary direct-fed microbial and mannan oligosaccharide on ultrastructural changes of intestinal mucosa of turkey poults infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1135-1149. [PMID: 32036965 PMCID: PMC7587720 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter are considered major public health burdens worldwide, and poultry are known to be one of the main reservoirs for these zoonotic pathogens. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a commercial probiotic or direct-fed microbial (DFM) Calsporin (CSP), and prebiotic or mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) (IMW50) on ultrastructural changes and the villous integrity of intestinal mucosa in turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter. A 21-day battery cage study was conducted using 4 dietary treatments including a basal diet (corn and soybean-based) nonsupplemented and uninfected as a negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% DFM (CSP); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS (IMW50); and basal diet supplemented with 0.05% mixture of DFM and MOS at equal proportions. Female large white turkey poults aged 336 days were obtained from a local commercial hatchery and randomly distributed in electrically heated battery cages with 12 treatments of 4 replicates per treatment containing 7 poults per pen. The first 16 pens were not infected with bacteria, poults in pens 17-32 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 cfu Salmonella Heidelberg, and the poults in pens 33-48 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 cfu Campylobacter jejuni. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the study. At day 21, ileal tissue samples from 1 bird per cage were collected for intestinal integrity and ultrastructural examination by scanning and electron microscopy. DFM and MOS supplementation was effective in both challenged and nonchallenged (not infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter) birds. Goblet cells and mucus were increased, with the presence of large numbers of segmented filamentous bacteria in DFM- and MOS-supplemented groups compared with birds in control treatments. The number and size of villi were reduced in poults exposed to Salmonella and Campylobacter. Results show that CSP and IMW50 provide protection of ileal mucosal integrity in poults exposed to Salmonella or Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - Oscar Fletcher
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - Jesse L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608.
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13
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Hatamzade Isfahani N, Rahimi S, Rasaee MJ, Karimi Torshizi MA, Zahraei Salehi T, Grimes JL. The effect of capsulated and noncapsulated egg-yolk-specific antibody to reduce colonization in the intestine of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Infantis-challenged broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1387-1394. [PMID: 32111313 PMCID: PMC7587780 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of egg yolk antibodies have been known for many years. Enhanced antibiotic resistance has resulted in increased need for using these antibodies as an alternative. In the present study, generation, capsulation, and inhibition growth properties of IgY directed against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (SI) were evaluated. White Leghorn layer hens were immunized using whole cell of inactivated SI. Salmonella Infantis–specific antibody activities in sera and egg yolk were determined by ELISA. A total of 480 one-day-old male “Cobb 500” chicks were randomly divided into 8 groups, with 6 replications of 10 birds kept for 21 D. All birds from 7 challenged groups were orally inoculated with 1 mL of SI suspension (1 × 107 CFU/mL) at 3 and 4 D of age. Two groups were dietary supplemented with 5 g/kg immune powdered yolk or nonimmune powdered yolk. One group was dietary supplemented with 12.8 g/kg capsulated immune yolk (CIY). Two groups were given 8.3 mL/L of immune water-soluble yolk or nonimmune water-soluble yolk fraction in drinking water. In the antibiotic group, 1 mL/L Enrofloxacin 10% was added to drinking water. All supplements except for the antibiotic (on Day 4 for 10 D) were added on day one and continued during the experiment. Negative and positive control groups received no supplements. During the experiment, among the challenged groups, the minimum SI cecal colonization and the lowest isolation of SI from the liver (P < 0.01) was observed in the antibiotic group. Following antibiotic group, in the group receiving CIY, colonization of bacteria in ceca and liver was significantly reduced during the second and third weeks of the experiment (P < 0.01). According to the results, capsulated specific IgY has a beneficial effect in reducing the colonization of Salmonella under the conditions of this study in comparison with other forms of IgY antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesse L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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14
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Shirzadi H, Shariatmadari F, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Masoudi AA, Zaboli G, Hedayat-Evrigh N. Plant extract supplementation as a strategy for substituting dietary antibiotics in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 74:206-221. [PMID: 31852306 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1693860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two plant extracts as alternatives to dietary antibiotics in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (5 replicate pens; 15 broiler chickens each) which consisted of starter (d 0 to 10), and grower (d 10 to 28) diets. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (negative control, NC) and three similar diets that were either supplemented with 200 mg/kg of Prosopis farcta extract (PFE), Rhus coriaria L. extract (RCE) or an antibiotic premix containing oxytetracycline (positive control, PC). In order to simulate low ambient temperature, room temperature was maintained at 32°C during the first 3 d of the trial and afterwards, the temperature was gradually reduced by approximately 1.5°C each day to 14°C on d 21. PFE and PC treatments exerted a significant effect on body weight gain at d 28. Diet PFE was effective in reducing mortality when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, diet PFE caused increases in ileal digestibility of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Diets PFE and PC decreased coliforms, total aerobic bacteria and total anaerobic bacteria loads in the caeca when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). Moreover, the addition of PFE to the diet improved villous height in all small intestinal segments as well as villous height:crypt depth ratio in the duodenum when compared with diet NC (p < 0.05). The results indicated that PFE is not only a valid alternative to oxytetracycline under cold stress conditions, with no antibiotic resistance, but also has the potential to increase the resistance of broiler chickens against ascites syndrome. Moreover, the addition of RCE at the concentration of 200 mg/kg to the diet was not sufficient to improve the performance of broiler chickens (similar to diet PC) but maybe more effective at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Zaboli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nemat Hedayat-Evrigh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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15
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Ruddock-hudson M, Ruddock S, Rahimi S. Blowing the whistle on mental health and wellbeing: The experiences of Australian Football League Umpires. J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Howells J, Khoury E, Hack J, Yeoh C, Rahimi S. Expression of MMR in women high grade carcinoma of unknown primary. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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Naghizadeh M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Engberg RM, Sørensen Dalgaard T. Effect of serum anti-phage activity on colibacillosis control by repeated phage therapy in broilers. Vet Microbiol 2019; 234:61-71. [PMID: 31213273 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-phage activity of serum is of importance in repeated phage therapy. Higher serum anti-phage activity has been associated with greater susceptibility of phages to neutralisation and phage therapy failure. In this study, in vivo and in vitro survivability and immunogenicity of four coliphages (TM1, TM2, TM3 and TM4) were investigated in naive chickens and chickens pre-immunised with phage TM1. Furthermore, two phages that displayed different survivability and immunogenicity (TM1 and TM3) were compared with respect to their efficacy in treating naive or pre-immunised (TM1) chickens suffering from colibacillosis. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated based on body weight, relative organ weights, mortality, E. coli counts in the lungs as well as severity and frequency of internal organ lesions. At the end of the experiment, both naive and pre-immunised chickens treated with TM3 showed significantly lower mortality and higher body weights than untreated chickens and those treated with TM1. The same trend was observed in incidence and severity of organ lesions as well as relative spleen weight. However, naive chickens treated with TM1 also showed a shortened inflammation period as indicated by spleen weights. E. coli counts in the lungs of chicken treated with TM3 were lower than those of chickens treated with TM1 on days 3 and 10 post challenge. These data indicate that the outcome of phage therapy and the impact of serum anti-phage activity are highly phage-type dependent in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naghizadeh
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ricarda Margarete Engberg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tina Sørensen Dalgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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18
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Arak H, Karimi Torshizi MA, Hedayati M, Rahimi S. Comparative evaluation of aflatoxin and mineral binding activity of molecular imprinted polymer designed for dummy template using in vitro and in vivo models. Toxicon 2019; 166:66-75. [PMID: 31125619 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in ducklings was examined by feeding molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized to target the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) analog molecule [5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin (DMC)] as a smart and novel toxin binder in comparison to a commercial toxin binder (CTB). MIP was characterized with some techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) that showed morphology and thermal resistance of MIP, respectively. The SEM showed that more pores and big cavities were formed in the network of the MIP. TGA plots of MIP showed dehydration at temperatures of about 31 °C-200 °C and gradual decomposition until 300 °C. The in vitro and in vivo ability of MIP and CTB to adsorb some minerals (Ca, Cu, Mg, P and Zn) was evaluated. The in vivo efficacy of MIP as an aflatoxins (AFs) binder in duckling exposed to aflatoxin-contaminated feed from 4 to 18 d of age was also compared to that of the CTB. A total of 240 4-d-old ducklings were assigned to experimental diets. Each diet was replicated four times with 10 birds in each pen, and the initial body weight classes were considered as blocks. The experimental treatment diets included: 1- Control (basal diet without any additive or AFs), 2- MIP (5 g/kg diet), 3- CTB (5 g/kg diet), 4- AFs (0.2 mg/kg diet), 5- AFs + MIP (0.2 mg/kg + 5 g/kg diet), and 6- AFs + CTB (0.2 mg/kg + 5 g/kg diet). In vitro study may clearly reflect the possibility of adsorbing minerals by CTB as compared to MIP whilst the results were not confirmed by in vivo study and it seems that reduction in plasma levels of minerals is related to the adverse effects of AFs. Livers showed histopathological alterations, with bile-duct proliferation of all aflatoxin fed ducklings. Macroscopic study indicated liver of birds fed diets containing AFs showed abnormal signs including yellowish, friable and rounded shape without protective effect of MIP and CTB. The results obtained from in vivo study indicate the partial alleviation of the adverse effects of AFs in ducklings by dietary supplementation of MIP and CTB (5 g/kg) on plasma albumin, Zn, Mg and Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Arak
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
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19
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Arak H, Karimi Torshizi MA, Hedayati M, Rahimi S. The first in vivo application of synthetic polymers based on methacrylic acid as an aflatoxin sorbent in an animal model. Mycotoxin Res 2019; 35:293-307. [PMID: 30949955 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-019-00353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to evaluate the potential aflatoxin binder activity of a molecularly imprinted polymer (TMU95) synthesized to target the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) analog molecule in comparison to a commercial toxin binder (CTB). Adsorption experiments were carried out to assess the ability to bind to AFB1 at various pH values. The strength of binding was investigated by the chemisorption index. The isothermal analysis was used to determine the maximum adsorption capacity values. The ability of TMU95 and CTB to adsorb essential minerals was evaluated and the obtained data suggested that CTB would significantly reduce availability of them compared to TMU95. The in vivo efficacy of TMU95 as an aflatoxin (AF) binder in duckling exposed to aflatoxin-contaminated feed from 4 to 18 days of age in comparison to the CTB was also assessed. TMU95 and CTB were effective in reducing the adverse effects caused by AFs on feed conversion ratio of duckling (p ≤ 0.01), and also showed a minor reduction of injuries caused by AFs on visceral organs enlargement (p ≤ 0.01). It was concluded that TMU95 could absorb AFB1 in vitro efficiently and had beneficial health effects that could alleviate some of the toxic effects of AFs on growing duckling performance similar to CTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Arak
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Naghizadeh M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Dalgaard TS. Synergistic effect of phage therapy using a cocktail rather than a single phage in the control of severe colibacillosis in quails. Poult Sci 2019; 98:653-663. [PMID: 30289491 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections associated with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause severe economic losses to the poultry industry. The study presented herein investigated the in vivo performance of a single phage with prolonged in vivo and in vitro survivability alone or in combination with 3 other selected phages in treating colibacillosis in quails. Japanese quails (N = 360) were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups with 4 replicate pens. Birds from the control groups (groups I, II, and III) were treated with 200 μL sterile PBS (pH 7.4), 200 μL of the selected phage (1010 pfu; TM3) or a cocktail of 4 phages (TM3 plus TM1, TM2, and TM4), respectively. Groups IV, V, and VI were challenged with 200 μL E. coli (108 cfu; O78:K80 and O2:K1) and treated with i.m. injection of 200 μL sterile PBS, phage TM3, or cocktail of 4 phages, respectively. Based on the results of the present study, the total mortality rate decreased from 46.6% in the untreated E. coli-challenged group to 26.5% and 13.6% in the E. coli-challenged group treated with single phage or phage cocktail, respectively. The body weights of birds treated with the phage cocktail were higher than the body weights of untreated birds on days 7, 14, and 21 post-challenge (P < 0.05). In addition, total viable cell counts of E. coli in the lungs of birds treated with the phage cocktail were lower than those of birds treated with phage TM3 on days 3 and 10 post-challenge (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence and severity of lesions in lungs, heart, and liver were found to be significantly less in the E. coli- challenged group treated with the phage cocktail. In conclusion, this study indicates that a phage cocktail may be more efficient in treating colibacillosis than a single phage possibly due to a synergistic effect between the individual phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naghizadeh
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Sørensen Dalgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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21
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Zamani A, Shariatmadari F, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi MA. Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamins on ostrich organ weight, bone characteristics, and small intestinal morphology. Can J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 144 ostrich eggs (24 per group) were injected with 4 mL of physiological saline solution [positive control (PC)], carbohydrates (CHO — 20% maltose, 2.5% sucrose, and 2.5% dextrin), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), vitamin B6 solution, and vitamin D3 (vit D3) solution at 38 d of incubation. Injection of 4 mL physiological saline decreased the hatchability compared with negative control (NC) group (not injected eggs) (68.5% vs. 71.7%; P < 0.05). There was also lower hatchability and more number of embryonic deaths before piping in vitamin-injected group (72.2%). Heart, gizzard, pancreas, spleen and thymus, ileum, cecum, and rectum relative weight were not significantly different among treatments at hatch (P > 0.05). Carbohydrates group had higher duodenum and jejunum relative weight, whereas NC and PC groups had the least duodenum, jejunum relative weight (P < 0.05). Vit D3 injection increased bone strength, fresh and dry bone relative weight (P < 0.01). Chicks from HMB and CHO group had the highest levels of glycogen in the livers, whereas PC, NC, and vit D3 exhibited very low levels of glycogen in their liver (P = 0.014). Vitamins in ovo injected groups had the least duodenum villus height and also vit D3 group had the least jejunum villus height (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the use of CHO for the in ovo injection of ostrich hatching eggs would be practical in industry due to improvement in hatchability, bone characteristics, small intestine villus height and capacity, and also liver glycogen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Zamani
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Talghari M, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi M, Mozafari A. PSXV-33 The effect of dietary sodium bisulfate and Monensin on growth performance of experimental Emeria inoculated broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Talghari
- Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
| | - S Rahimi
- Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
| | - M Karimi Torshizi
- Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mozafari
- Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
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23
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Yakhkeshi S, Rahimi S, Sharafi M, Hassani S, Shahverdi G, Baharvand H. PSVII-19 Characterization and Migration of Cultured Quail Primordial Germ Cells from Embryonic Blood and Gonad. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Yakhkeshi
- Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modaryes University,Tehran, Iran
| | - S Rahimi
- Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran
| | - M Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modaryes University,Tehran, Iran
| | - S Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology,ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture,ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Feyzi S, Sharafi M, Rahimi S. Stress preconditioning of rooster semen before cryopreservation improves fertility potential of thawed sperm. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2582-2590. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Yakhkeshi S, Rahimi S, Sharafi M, Hassani S, Taleahmad S, Shahverdi A, Baharvand H. In vitro improvement of quail primordial germ cell expansion through activation of TGF‐beta signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4309-4319. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Yakhkeshi
- Department of Poultry ScienceFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry ScienceFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry ScienceFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Seyedeh‐Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of EmbryologyReproductive Biomedicine Research CenterRoyan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
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Hasanpour S, Rahimi S, Fani Makki O, Shahhosseini G, Khosravi A. In Vivo Assessment of Gamma Rays, Electron-beam Irradiation plus a Commercial Toxin Binder (Milbond-TX) As an Anti-Aflatoxin B1 in a Chicken Model. IJT 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.12.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Myagmarjav D, Sukweenadhi J, Kim YJ, Jang MG, Rahimi S, Silva J, Choi JY, Mohanan P, Kwon WS, Kim CG, Yang DC. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of pathogenesis related protein 6 from Panax ginseng. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mohammadzadeh S, Rahimi S, Ebrahimi-Rad M, Ofoghi H, Ehsani P. Transient expression of virus-like particles in plants: a promising platform for rapid vaccine production. vacres 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/vacres.4.3.4.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Seifi K, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Kazemifard M. Efficiency of early, single-dose probiotic administration methods on performance, small intestinal morphology, blood biochemistry, and immune response of Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2151-2158. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kamely M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S. Blood biochemistry, thyroid hormones, and performance in broilers with ascites caused by caffeine. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2673-2678. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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31
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Zaboli GR, Rahimi S, Shariatmadari F, Torshizi MAK, Baghbanzadeh A, Mehri M. Thermal manipulation during Pre and Post-Hatch on thermotolerance of male broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Poult Sci 2016; 96:478-485. [PMID: 28123084 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermal manipulation (TM) during pre and post-hatch periods on thermotolerance of male broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress (CHS) during the finisher phase (34 ± 2°C, 6 h/day). Seven hundred fertile eggs of Ross 308 were assigned to the following groups: 1) control group incubated and housed in standard conditions, 2) pre-hatch treatment (PRE), the eggs were exposed to 39.5°C and 65% RH for 12 h, d from embryonic d 7 to 16 and after hatching the chicks where housed in standard conditions; 3 and 4) post-hatch TM at d 3 (PO3) and post-hatch TM at d 5 (PO5), which had the same incubation conditions as control and exposed to 36 to 38°C for 24 h at 3 and 5 days of age, respectively. TM in PRE group resulted in delay in the hatch time (6 h) along with reduction in body weight compared to control (P = 0.02). TM caused a significant reduction of facial surface temperature (FST) until d 28 (P < 0.02), but not significant during CHS. Body weight gain was suppressed in PO3 and PO5 groups at d 14 (P = 0.007) and compensated at d 28. However, TM led to higher BWG (P = 0.000) but lower FCR (P = 0.03) and mortality at the first week of CHS compared to control. European production efficiency index was higher in TM-treated chickens compared to control (P = 0.01). TM reduced the blood concentration of uric acid, total protein, T3, and T4 in which thyroid hormones in PO3 and PO5 treatments showed more reduction rather than other groups. In PRE group, chickens had lower abdominal fat pad than control (P = 0.0001). The relative weight of heart was decreased in TM groups (P = 0.001). It was concluded that TM may induce thermotolerance in growing broilers, possibly through the modification of physiological parameters of broilers especially during the first week of CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam-Reza Zaboli
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran
| | | | - Ali Baghbanzadeh
- Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mehri
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, PO Box 98661-5538, Iran
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Ahmadi M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Dennehy JJ. Prophylactic Bacteriophage Administration More Effective than Post-infection Administration in Reducing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis Shedding in Quail. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1253. [PMID: 27555842 PMCID: PMC4977285 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Salmonella bacteria, often through poultry products, are a serious public health issue. Because of drawbacks associated with antibiotic prophylaxis, alternative treatments are sought. Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) may provide an effective alternative, but concerns remain with respect to bacteriophage stability and effectiveness. To this end, we assessed the stability of a novel bacteriophage isolated from poultry excreta, siphovirus PSE, and its effectiveness in reducing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we sought to determine how the timing (prophylactic or therapeutic) and route (oral gavage or vent lip) of PSE administration impacted its effectiveness. Here we report that significant quantities of viable PSE bacteriophages were recovered following exposure to high and low pH, high temperatures, and bile salts, testifying to its ability to survive extreme conditions. In addition, we found that ileal lactic acid bacteria and Streptococcus spp. counts increased, but colibacilli and total aerobe counts decreased, in quail receiving phage PSE through both oral gavage and vent lip routes. In other experiments, we assessed the efficiency of PSE administration, in both prophylactic and therapeutic contexts, via either oral gavage or vent lip administration, on S. Enteritidis colonization of quail cecal tonsils. Our results demonstrate that administration of PSE as a preventive agent could reduce the S. Enteritidis colonization more effectively than post-challenge administration. Furthermore, oral administration of PSE phage is a more effective prophylactic tool for reduction of S. Enteritidis shedding in poultry than is vent lip administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Ahmadi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran
| | - M Amir Karimi Torshizi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran
| | - John J Dennehy
- Biology Department, Queens College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York NY, USA
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Sedaghat A, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S. Auxiliary effects of camphor on reproductive function of Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2946-2955. [PMID: 27444447 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, reproductive problems were raised alongside the continuous genetic selection for performance purposes in poultry. As such, a negative correlation was observed between reproductive and production performance, which may possibly imply that the high growth rate in poultry causes physiological disorders such as decreased libido and frequency of mating. A study was conducted to establish the efficacy of feeding graded levels of camphor on reproductive function of Japanese quail as a bird model. Two-hundred-and-eighty one-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned to individual cages in 7 treatments (zero [control], 250, 500, 750, 1,000, 5,000, or 10,000 ppm of camphor). The results demonstrated that testosterone concentration displayed an uncertain attitude, as the lower dosages of camphor used (250, 500, and 750 ppm) had the highest values. Thyroxine (T4) linearly increased with increasing camphor levels in male birds (P < 0.05). Triiodothyronine (T3) also was increased in the groups receiving a camphor-containing diet in comparison with the control (P < 0.05). The male birds' libido behavior was linearly increased with the increase of camphor concentration (P < 0.05). Dietary camphor in 500 and 10,000 ppm caused the highest percentage of fertility (P < 0.0001) and hatchability (P = 0.0117), respectively. As well, the groups with 5,000 and 10,000 ppm of camphor accounted for the highest percentage of hatched-fertile eggs (P = 0.0055). The highest rate of sperm penetration in the yolk inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) was demonstrated by the group allotted with 10,000 ppm camphor (P < 0.05). This group also had the highest hole persistency in IPVL. Conclusively, the result indicated that camphor can be added in poultry diet for the improvement of reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Sedaghat
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14115-336
| | - Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14115-336
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14115-336
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Green B, Rahimi S, Brennan PA. Salivary gland malignancies - an update on current management for oral healthcare practitioners. Oral Dis 2016; 22:735-739. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Green
- Department of Gastroenterology; Torbay Hospital; Torquay UK
| | - S Rahimi
- Department of Histopathology; Queen Alexandra Hospital; Portsmouth UK
| | - PA Brennan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Queen Alexandra Hospital; Portsmouth UK
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Na SR, Rahimi S, Tao L, Chou H, Ameri SK, Akinwande D, Liechti KM. Clean graphene interfaces by selective dry transfer for large area silicon integration. Nanoscale 2016; 8:7523-7533. [PMID: 26902897 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a very fast, selective mechanical approach for transferring graphene with low levels of copper contamination from seed wafers on which it was grown to target wafers for very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics. We found that graphene/copper or copper/silicon oxide delamination paths could be selected by slow and faster separation rates, respectively. Thus graphene can be transferred to a target wafer, either exposed or protected by the seed copper layer, which can later be removed by etching. Delamination paths were identified by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The sheet resistance of the graphene produced by the two approaches was slightly higher than graphene transferred by a PMMA wet-transfer process, indicating reduced impurity doping, and the variation in the sheet resistance values was much lower. Copper contamination levels, quantitatively established by TOF-SIMS, were several orders of magnitude lower than the values for PMMA assisted transfer. In addition, we demonstrated that top-gated transistor devices from our mechanical, delamination transferred graphene exhibited superior transistor behavior to PMMA-assisted wet transfer graphene. The adhesion energy, strength and range of the interactions were quantitatively determined by nonlinear fracture analyses, and suggest that the roughness of the interface between graphene and copper plays an important role with implications for improvements in manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Na
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Research Center for the Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - S Rahimi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - L Tao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H Chou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - S K Ameri
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Research Center for the Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - D Akinwande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - K M Liechti
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Research Center for the Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Kamely M, Torshizi MAK, Rahimi S, Wideman RF. Caffeine causes pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1493-500. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Mirdehghan SH, Rahimi S. Pre-harvest application of polyamines enhances antioxidants and table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) quality during postharvest period. Food Chem 2015; 196:1040-7. [PMID: 26593587 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pre-harvest foliar spraying of grapevines with putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) (0, 1, 2mM) was evaluated for determining the fruit quality at harvest and improving postharvest characteristics of table grapes during cold storage. Fruit parameters in terms of firmness, fungal infection, weight loss, total phenol concentration, antioxidant activity, skin color, total anthocyanin concentration, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) were evaluated after 0, 25 and 55 days of storage at 1.5 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 5% R.H. Softening, fungal infection and weight loss increased during cold storage but the rate of changes significantly was delayed in Put- and Spd-treated fruits. Besides these, the application of Put and Spd maintained higher values of phenolics content, antioxidant activity and anthocyanins at the end of storage in compare to control. Furthermore, after 55 days of storage all treated fruits with Put and Spd showed lower changes in L(∗), TSS and TA and also higher value of chroma in berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Mirdehghan
- Dep. Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran.
| | - S Rahimi
- Dep. Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran
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Kamely M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S. Incidence of ascites syndrome and related hematological response in short-term feed-restricted broilers raised at low ambient temperature. Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Rafati A, Rahimi S, Talebi A, Soleimani A, Haghani M, Mortazavi SMJ. Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Common Mobile Phone Jammers Alters the Pattern of Muscle Contractions: an Animal Model Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:133-42. [PMID: 26396969 PMCID: PMC4576874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of wireless communication technologies has caused public concerns regarding the biological effects of electromagnetic radiations on human health. Some early reports indicated a wide variety of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on amphibians such as the alterations of the pattern of muscle extractions. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted from mobile phone jammers on the pulse height of contractions, the time interval between two subsequent contractions and the latency period of frog's isolated gastrocnemius muscle after stimulation with single square pulses of 1V (1 Hz). MATERIALS AND METHODS Frogs were kept in plastic containers in a room. Animals in the jammer group were exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted from a common Jammer at a distance of 1m from the jammer's antenna for 2 hours while the control frogs were only sham exposed. Then animals were sacrificed and isolated gastrocnemius muscles were exposed to on/off jammer radiation for 3 subsequent 10 minute intervals. Isolated gastrocnemius muscles were attached to the force transducer with a string. Using a PowerLab device (26-T), the pattern of muscular contractions was monitored after applying single square pulses of 1V (1 Hz) as stimuli. RESULTS The findings of this study showed that the pulse height of muscle contractions could not be affected by the exposure to electromagnetic fields. However, the latency period was effectively altered in RF-exposed samples. However, none of the experiments could show an alteration in the time interval between two subsequent contractions after exposure to electromagnetic fields. CONCLUSION These findings support early reports which indicated a wide variety of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on amphibians including the effects on the pattern of muscle extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rafati
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Rahimi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Talebi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Soleimani
- Department of Epidemiology, school of health, Tabriz university of medical science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M. Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi SMJ, Rahimi S, Talebi A, Soleimani A, Rafati A. Survey of the Effects of Exposure to 900 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted by a GSM Mobile Phone on the Pattern of Muscle Contractions in an Animal Model. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:121-32. [PMID: 26396968 PMCID: PMC4576873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid development of wireless telecommunication technologies over the past decades, has led to significant changes in the exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields. Nowadays, people are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, cordless phones, Wi-Fi routers, and power lines. Therefore, the last decade witnessed a rapidly growing concern about the possible health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by these sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study that was aimed at investigating the effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted by a GSM mobile phone on the pattern of contraction in frog's isolated gastrocnemius muscle after stimulation with single square pulses of 1V (1 Hz), pulse height of contractions, the time interval between two subsequent contractions and the latency period were measured. RESULTS Our findings showed that the pulse height of contractions muscle could be affected by the exposure to electromagnetic fields. Especially, the latency period was effectively altered in RF-exposed samples. However, none of the experiments could show an alteration in the time interval between two subsequent contractions after exposure to electromagnetic fields. CONCLUSION These findings support early reports which indicated a wide variety of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on amphibians including the effects on the pattern of muscle extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Rahimi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Talebi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Soleimani
- Department of Epidemiology, school of health, Tabriz university of medical science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A. Rafati
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Varmaghany S, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Lotfollahian H, Hassanzadeh M. The effects of increasing levels of dietary garlic bulb on growth performance, systolic blood pressure, hematology, and ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1812-20. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Reyhani MF, Ghasemi N, Rahimi S, Milani AS, Barhaghi MH, Azadi A. Apical microleakage of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex® sealers in association with immediate and delayed post space preparation: a bacterial leakage study. Minerva Stomatol 2015; 64:129-134. [PMID: 25799446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to compare the apical microleakage of root canals obturated with AH Plus and MTA Fillapex® sealers. METHODS A total of 76 anterior teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (N.=15) and in each group 2 positive and 2 negative control teeth. All the teeth were cleaned, shaped and obturated using lateral compaction technique with gutta-percha and AH Plus® sealer in groups 1 and 2 and MTA Fillapex® sealer in groups 3 and 4. In groups 1 and 3 post spaces were prepared immediately and groups 2 and 4 were stored for 1 week at 100% relative humidity and then post spaces were prepared. The teeth were connected to a bacterial microleakage evaluation system. Each 72 hours, E. faecalis bacteria were inoculated into the coronal thirds of the root canals. The study period was 90 days and the samples were evaluated on a daily basis, Meier-Kaplan technique was used for estimation of the mean time of microleakage to occur. Log-rank test was used for comparison of microleakage. RESULTS Contamination occurred in positive control groups on the first day of bacterial inoculation; however, the negative control groups did not exhibit any contamination up to the end of 90-day study period. the difference was not statistically significant between two materials (P>0.05). CONCLUSION There were no significant differences between AH Plus® and MTA Fillapex® sealers with the two immediate and delayed postspace preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Reyhani
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran -
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Mortazavi SMJ, Rahimi S, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Arjomandi M, Soleimani A, Koohi Hossein-abadi O, Haghani M, Alavi M. A Comparative Study on the Life-Saving Radioprotective Effects of Vitamins A, E, C and Over-the-Counter Multivitamins. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:59-66. [PMID: 26157731 PMCID: PMC4479387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral intake of vitamins which present antioxidant characteristics can protect living organisms against oxidative damage caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. It was previously reported that administration of high levels of vitamin C can lead to increased DNA damage through production of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton reaction. However, our early experiments did not confirm this hypothesis. The main goal of this study was to determine if high doses of Vit C can show life-saving radioprotective effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phase I: Seventy two male Balb/c mice weighing 20-25g were randomly divided into six groups of 12 animals each. Group I; Vit E for five days, Groups II and III; Vit C and Vit A. Group 4; all three vitamins. Group V; an over-the-counter multivitamin. Group VI; none of the above. Phase II: 120 male BALB/c mice weighing 20-25g were randomly divided into 12 groups of 10 each. Group I; Vit A for five days. Groups II-IV; Vit C 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, respectively. Group V-VII; Vit E at daily doses of 200 iu/kg, 400 iu/kg, 800 iu/kg, respectively. Group VIII and IX; all three vitamins at low and high doses, respectively. Group X; an over-the-counter multivitamin. Group XI; controls group and Group XII; received pure olive oil. All animals (Phases I and II) were exposed to a lethal dose of gamma rays and the survival rates of the animals were monitored and recorded continuously for 16 days after exposure. RESULTS Phase I: 14 days after irradiation the survival rate for control group was 33.33%, while the survival rates for the 1st to 5th groups were 45.45%, 81.81%, 50%, 57.14%, and 9.09% , respectively. Phase II: The survival rates in the control group and the group that only received pure olive oil, were 50% and 60%, respectively. Survival rate in the animals received Vit C at daily doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, were 90%, 90% and 90%, respectively. Log rank (Mantel-Cox) test showed statistically significant differences between the survival rates in control irradiated mice (no vitamins) and mice received Vit C at daily doses of 200 mg/kg (P=0.042), 400 mg/kg (P=0.042) and 800 mg/kg (P=0.042). CONCLUSION Altogether, findings of this study showed that even high doses of Vit C can show life-saving radioprotective effects. The significant radioprotective effect of Vit C at doses used in this study, opens new horizons in developing non-toxic, cost effective, easily available radioprotectors in life-threatening situations such as exposure to lethal doses of ionizing radiation. The radioprotective effect of Vit A and Vit E seem to be less efficient compared to that of Vit C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
,Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Rahimi
- Master Student of Medical Physics, Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. A. Mosleh-Shirazi
- Head of Radiotherapy Physics Department, Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Arjomandi
- Radiologic Technology Student, Radiology Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Soleimani
- Ph.D Student of Epidemiology, Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - O. Koohi Hossein-abadi
- Center of comparative and experimental medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Alavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Gordanian E, Jalali-Asadabadi S, Ahmad I, Rahimi S, Yazdani-Kachoei M. Effects of dangling bonds and diameter on the electronic and optical properties of InAs nanowires. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we explore the effects of dangling bonds and diameter on the electronic properties of the wurtzite InAs nanowires (NWs) using the density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gordanian
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Isfahan (UI)
- Isfahan 81746-73441
- Iran
| | - S. Jalali-Asadabadi
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Isfahan (UI)
- Isfahan 81746-73441
- Iran
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Center for Computational Materials Science
- University of Malakand
- Chakdara
- Pakistan
- Department of Physics
| | - S. Rahimi
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Isfahan (UI)
- Isfahan 81746-73441
- Iran
| | - M. Yazdani-Kachoei
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Isfahan (UI)
- Isfahan 81746-73441
- Iran
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Omidi M, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi MA. Modification of egg yolk fatty acids profile by using different oil sources. Vet Res Forum 2015; 6:137-41. [PMID: 26261709 PMCID: PMC4522527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary oil sources supplementation on laying hens' performance and fatty acids profile of egg yolks. Seventy-two 23-week-old laying hens (Tetra-SL) divided into six experimental diets (four replicates and three birds per replication) in a completely randomized design for nine weeks. Experimental diets were included: 1) control (no oil), 2) 3.00% fish oil, 3) 3.00% olive oil, 4) 3.00% grape seed oil, 5) 3.00% canola oil, and 6) 3.00% soybean oil. The diets were similar in terms of energy and protein. Egg production, egg mass, egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and fatty acid composition of egg yolk were determined at the end of the trial. The results indicated that the performance parameters were not significantly different between treatments in the entire period (p > 0.05). However, fatty acids profiles of yolk were affected by experimental diets (p < 0.05). Fish oil significantly reduced omega-6 fatty acids and increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in egg yolk. Also canola oil increased linolenic acid content in the egg yolk. In conclusion, fish oil increased omega-3 long-chain fatty acids and decreased omega-6 to omega-3 ratio in eggs which may have beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Omidi
- Graduate Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.,Correspondence: Shaban Rahimi. PhD, Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Barr R, Desrosiers L, Rahimi S, Fenske S, Ascher-Walsh C. Paracervical Block of Bupivacaine with Epinephrine Prior to Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer in Caucasians, most frequently occurring on sun-exposed areas of the body. Most SCCs are treated surgically, either by excision or Mohs micrographic surgery. Despite the large amount of English literature with regard to cutaneous SCC in many instances the surgical treatment is not appropriate resulting in recurrences and/ or metastasis. The following brief review highlights the histology, molecular biology and surgical treatment of skin SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahimi
- Consultant Histopathologist, Pathology Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK.
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Jeppson P, Rahimi S, Gattoc L, Westermann L, Cichowski S, Raker C, LeBrun EEW, Sung V. Impact of Robotic Technology on Hysterectomy Route and Associated Implications for Resident Education. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Moussavi S, Ehrampoush M, Mahvi A, Rahimi S, Ahmadian M. Efficiency of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Adsorbing Humic Acid from Aqueous Solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2014.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Varmaghany S, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi M, Lotfollahian H, Hassanzadeh M. Effect of olive leaves on ascites incidence, hematological parameters and growth performance in broilers reared under standard and cold temperature conditions. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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