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Salaramoli S, Joshaghani HR, Hosseini M, Hashemy SI. Therapeutic Effects of Selenium on Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: Behavioral and Biochemical Outcomes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1115-1125. [PMID: 37386228 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of accumulated alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in substantia nigra. Research has shown that selenium (Se) can protect neural cells through the actions of selenoproteins, including selenoprotein P (SelP) and selenoprotein S (SelS), which participate in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In this study, we investigated the potential protective role of Se in a pre-clinical PD rat model.We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Se administration in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced unilateral rat PD model. Male Wistar rats were utilised for unilateral PD animal model which were subjected to stereotaxic surgery and injected with 20 μg 6-OHDA/5 μl 0.2% ascorbate saline. After confirming the model, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg of sodium selenite for 7 days. We then performed behavioral tests, including apomorphine-induced rotation, hanging, and rotarod tests. Following sacrifice, we analysed the substantia nigra area of the brain and serum for protein quantification, element analysis, and gene expression analysis.Our results indicate that the administration of 0.3 mg/kg of Se improved the motor deficiency in hanging, rotarod, and apomorphine-induced rotational tests. While there was no significant improvement in the expression of α-Syn, Se increased the expression of selenoproteins. Additionally, levels of selenoproteins, Se, and α-Syn both brain and serum were re-established by the treatment, suggesting the role of Se on the α-Syn accumulation. Furthermore, Se improved PD-induced biochemical deficits by increasing the levels of SelS and SelP (p<0.005).In conclusion, our findings suggest that Se may have a protective role in PD. 0.3 mg/kg dosage of Se increased the expression of selenoproteins, reduced the accumulation of α-Syn in the brain, and improved PD-induced motor deficits. These results suggest that Se may be a potential therapeutic option for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Salaramoli
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yao MF, Dang T, Wang HJ, Zhu XZ, Qiao C. Mitochondrial homeostasis regulation: A promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114811. [PMID: 38103871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites (LNs) which consist of α-synuclein (α-syn) and a complex mix of other biomolecules. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely believed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of PD and other related neurodegenerative diseases. But mitochondrial dysfunction is subject to complex genetic regulation. There is increasing evidence that PD-related genes directly or indirectly affect mitochondrial integrity. Therefore, targeted regulation of mitochondrial function has great clinical application prospects in the treatment of PD. However, lots of PD drugs targeting mitochondria have been developed but their clinical therapeutic effects are not ideal. This review aims to reveal the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases based on the mitochondrial structure and function, which may highlight potential interventions and therapeutic targets for the development of PD drugs to recover mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fan Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Tao Dang
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hua-Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Moore A, Crea PW, Makarious M, Bandres-Ciga S, Blauwendraat C, Diez-Fairen M. A genetic and transcriptomic assessment of the KTN1 gene in Parkinson's disease risk. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 134:66-73. [PMID: 37992546 PMCID: PMC10843739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. An association has been described between KTN1 genetic variants and changes in its expression in the putamen and substantia nigra brain regions and an increased risk for PD. Here, we examine the link between PD susceptibility and KTN1 using individual-level genotyping data and summary statistics from the most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for PD risk and age at onset from the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), as well as whole-genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson's disease (AMP-PD) initiative. To investigate the potential effect of changes in KTN1 expression on PD compared to unaffected individuals, we further assess publicly available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) results from GTEx v8 and BRAINEAC and transcriptomics data from AMP-PD. Overall, we found no genetic associations between KTN1 and PD in our cohorts but found potential evidence of differences in mRNA expression, which needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Moore
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 35, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Wild Crea
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 35, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 35, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, 33 Queen Square, 6th floor, WC1N 3BG Box 146, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 35, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building T44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 35, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building T44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 35, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Iravanpour F, Farrokhi MR, Jafarinia M, Oliaee RT. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the development of Parkinson's disease: the role of α-synuclein. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1-8. [PMID: 37735344 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to various neurological complications in infected people. These neurological effects include problems in both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Hyposmia, a PNS symptom of COVID-19, frequently manifests in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and serves as an early warning sign of the condition. In addition, the olfactory system is recognized as an early site for the onset of α-synuclein pathology, the pathological hallmark of PD. PD is characterized by accumulation and aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) into Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, resulting in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Previous research has also shown the involvement of α-Syn in the innate immune response following viral infections. Consequently, the potential link between viral infections and development of PD has gained attention in recent years. However, it's still too early to definitively conclude whether COVID-19 can cause Parkinsonism. Nevertheless, we can explore the likelihood of this connection by examining past studies and possible mechanisms to better understand how COVID-19 might potentially lead to PD following the infection. Based on the various pieces of evidence discussed in this review, we can infer that SARS-CoV-2 promotes the aggregation of α-Syn and, ultimately, leads to PD through at least two mechanisms: the stable binding of the S1 protein to proteins prone to aggregation like α-Syn, and the upregulation of α-Syn as part of the immune response to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Iravanpour
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Reza Farrokhi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Jafarinia
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Slézia A, Hegedüs P, Rusina E, Lengyel K, Solari N, Kaszas A, Balázsfi D, Botzanowski B, Acerbo E, Missey F, Williamson A, Hangya B. Behavioral, neural and ultrastructural alterations in a graded-dose 6-OHDA mouse model of early-stage Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19478. [PMID: 37945922 PMCID: PMC10636184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying animal models furthers our understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology by providing tools to investigate detailed molecular, cellular and circuit functions. Different versions of the neurotoxin-based 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD have been widely used in rats. However, these models typically assess the result of extensive and definitive dopaminergic lesions that reflect a late stage of PD, leading to a paucity of studies and a consequential gap of knowledge regarding initial stages, in which early interventions would be possible. Additionally, the better availability of genetic tools increasingly shifts the focus of research from rats to mice, but few mouse PD models are available yet. To address these, we characterize here the behavioral, neuronal and ultrastructural features of a graded-dose unilateral, single-injection, striatal 6-OHDA model in mice, focusing on early-stage changes within the first two weeks of lesion induction. We observed early onset, dose-dependent impairments of overall locomotion without substantial deterioration of motor coordination. In accordance, histological evaluation demonstrated a partial, dose-dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Furthermore, electron microscopic analysis revealed degenerative ultrastructural changes in SNc dopaminergic neurons. Our results show that mild ultrastructural and cellular degradation of dopaminergic neurons of the SNc can lead to certain motor deficits shortly after unilateral striatal lesions, suggesting that a unilateral dose-dependent intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesion protocol can serve as a successful model of the early stages of Parkinson's disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Slézia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institut de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, INSERM UMR S 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eotvos Lorand Research Network, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Panna Hegedüs
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evgeniia Rusina
- Institut de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, INSERM UMR S 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Katalin Lengyel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicola Solari
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kaszas
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Diána Balázsfi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boris Botzanowski
- Institut de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, INSERM UMR S 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emma Acerbo
- Institut de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, INSERM UMR S 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Missey
- Institut de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, INSERM UMR S 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Adam Williamson
- Institut de Neurosciences Des Systèmes, INSERM UMR S 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Balázs Hangya
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary.
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Ofori K, Ghosh A, Verma DK, Wheeler D, Cabrera G, Seo JB, Kim YH. A Novel NOX Inhibitor Alleviates Parkinson's Disease Pathology in PFF-Injected Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14278. [PMID: 37762579 PMCID: PMC10531511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated damage is often a downstream result of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is marked by sharp decline in dopaminergic neurons within the nigrostriatal regions of the brain, accounting for the symptomatic motor deficits in patients. Regulating the level of oxidative stress may present a beneficial approach in preventing PD pathology. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a nicotinamide adenine phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, an exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulator synthesized by Aptabio therapeutics with the specificity to NOX-1, 2 and 4. Utilizing N27 rat dopaminergic cells and C57Bl/6 mice, we confirmed that the exposures of alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFF) induced protein aggregation, a hallmark in PD pathology. In vitro assessment of the novel compound revealed an increase in cell viability and decreases in cytotoxicity, ROS, and protein aggregation (Thioflavin-T stain) against PFF exposure at the optimal concentration of 10 nM. Concomitantly, the oral treatment alleviated motor-deficits in behavioral tests, such as hindlimb clasping, rotarod, pole, nesting and grooming test, via reducing protein aggregation, based on rescued dopaminergic neuronal loss. The suppression of NOX-1, 2 and 4 within the striatum and ventral midbrain regions including Substantia Nigra compacta (SNc) contributed to neuroprotective/recovery effects, making it a potential therapeutic option for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Ofori
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Anurupa Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Darice Wheeler
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriela Cabrera
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Jong-Bok Seo
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences/Neuroscience Program, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA; (K.O.); (A.G.); (D.K.V.); (D.W.); (G.C.)
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Denne T, Winfrey LC, Moore C, Whitner C, D'Silva T, Soumyanath A, Shinto L, Hiller A, Meshul CK. Recovery of motor function is associated with rescue of glutamate biomarkers in the striatum and motor cortex following treatment with Mucuna pruriens in a murine model of Parkinsons disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103883. [PMID: 37527694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of natural products for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mucuna pruriens has been used in the treatment of humans with PD. The goal of this study was to determine if daily oral treatment with an extract of Mucuna pruriens, starting after the MPTP-induced loss of nigrostriatal dopamine in male mice, would result in recovery/restoration of motor function, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression in the nigrostriatal pathway, or glutamate biomarkers in both the striatum and motor cortex. Following MPTP administration, resulting in an 80 % loss of striatal TH, treatment with Mucuna pruriens failed to rescue either striatal TH or the dopamine transporter back to the control levels, but there was restoration of gait/motor function. There was an MPTP-induced loss of TH-labeled neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in the number of striatal dendritic spines, both of which failed to be recovered following treatment with Mucuna pruriens. This Mucuna pruriens-induced locomotor recovery following MPTP was associated with restoration of two striatal glutamate transporter proteins, GLAST (EAAT1) and EAAC1 (EAAT3), and the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) within the motor cortex. Post-MPTP treatment with Mucuna pruriens, results in locomotor improvement that is associated with recovery of striatal and motor cortex glutamate transporters but is independent of nigrostriatal TH restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cindy Moore
- VA Medical Center/Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lynne Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amie Hiller
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; VA Medical Center/Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles K Meshul
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; VA Medical Center/Portland, Portland, OR, USA.
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8
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Kamath T, Macosko EZ. Insights into Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease from Single-Cell and Spatial Genomics. Mov Disord 2023; 38:518-525. [PMID: 36881930 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically defined by the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons within the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. To date, the cause of this multifaceted disease remains largely unclear, which may contribute in part to a current lack of disease-modifying therapies. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial genomic profiling tools have provided powerful new ways to measure cellular state changes in brain diseases. Here, we describe how these tools have offered insight into these complex disorders and highlight a recently performed comprehensive study of DA neuron susceptibility in PD. The data generated by this recent work provide evidence for the role of specific pathways and common genetic variants resulting in the loss of a critical DA subtype in PD. We conclude by outlining a set of basic and translational opportunities that arise from those data and insights gathered from this work. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kamath
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School and Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan Z Macosko
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Seo DC, Ju YH, Seo JJ, Oh SJ, Lee CJ, Lee SE, Nam MH. DDC-Promoter-Driven Chemogenetic Activation of SNpc Dopaminergic Neurons Alleviates Parkinsonian Motor Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032491. [PMID: 36768816 PMCID: PMC9916413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with typical motor symptoms. Recent studies have suggested that excessive GABA from reactive astrocytes tonically inhibits dopaminergic neurons and reduces the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the key dopamine-synthesizing enzyme, in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). However, the expression of DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), another dopamine-synthesizing enzyme, is relatively spared, raising a possibility that the live but non-functional TH-negative/DDC-positive neurons could be the therapeutic target for rescuing PD motor symptoms. However, due to the absence of a validated DDC-specific promoter, manipulating DDC-positive neuronal activity has not been tested as a therapeutic strategy for PD. Here, we developed an AAV vector expressing mCherry under rat DDC promoter (AAV-rDDC-mCherry) and validated the specificity in the rat SNpc. Modifying this vector, we expressed hM3Dq (Gq-DREADD) under DDC promoter in the SNpc and ex vivo electrophysiologically validated the functionality. In the A53T-mutated alpha-synuclein overexpression model of PD, the chemogenetic activation of DDC-positive neurons in the SNpc significantly alleviated the parkinsonian motor symptoms and rescued the nigrostriatal TH expression. Altogether, our DDC-promoter will allow dopaminergic neuron-specific gene delivery in rodents. Furthermore, we propose that the activation of dormant dopaminergic neurons could be a potential therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chan Seo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Seo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Technological Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.E.L.); (M.-H.N.)
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science & Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.E.L.); (M.-H.N.)
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10
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Troyano-Rodriguez E, Blankenship HE, Handa K, Branch SY, Beckstead MJ. Preservation of dendritic D2 receptor transmission in substantia nigra dopamine neurons with age. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1025. [PMID: 36658269 PMCID: PMC9852430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons are required for voluntary movement and reward learning, and advanced age is associated with motor and cognitive decline. In the midbrain, D2-type dopamine receptors located at dendrodendritic synapses between dopamine neurons control cell firing through G protein-activated potassium (GIRK) channels. We previously showed that aging disrupts dopamine neuron pacemaker firing in mice, but only in males. Here we show that the amplitude of D2-receptor inhibitory postsynaptic currents (D2-IPSCs) are moderately reduced in aged male mice. Local application of dopamine revealed a reduction in the amplitude of the D2-receptor currents in old males compared to young, pointing to a postsynaptic mechanism. Further experiments indicated that reduced D2 receptor signaling was not due to a general reduction in GIRK channel currents or degeneration of the dendritic arbor. Kinetic analysis showed no differences in D2-IPSC shape in old versus young mice or between sexes. Potentiation of D2-IPSCs by corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was also not affected by age, indicating preservation of one mechanism of plasticity. These findings have implications for understanding dopamine transmission in aging, and reduced D2 receptor inhibition could contribute to increased susceptibility of males to SNc dopamine neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Troyano-Rodriguez
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Harris E Blankenship
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kylie Handa
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah Y Branch
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Beckstead
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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11
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Siddique Y. Neurodegenerative Disorders and the Current State, Pathophysiology, and Management of Parkinson's Disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2022; 21:574-595. [PMID: 34477534 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210903101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, major knowledge has been gained about pathophysiological aspects and molecular pathways behind Parkinson's Disease (PD). Based on neurotoxicological studies and postmortem investigations, there is a general concept of how environmental toxicants (neurotoxins, pesticides, insecticides) and genetic factors (genetic mutations in PD-associated proteins) cause depletion of dopamine from substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain and modulate cellular processes leading to the pathogenesis of PD. α-Synuclein, a neuronal protein accumulation in oligomeric form, called protofibrils, is associated with cellular dysfunction and neuronal death, thus possibly contributing to PD propagation. With advances made in identifying loci that contribute to PD, molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis are now clear, and introducing therapeutic strategy at the right time may delay the progression. Biomarkers for PD have helped monitor PD progression; therefore, personalized therapeutic strategies can be facilitated. In order to further improve PD diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, independent validation of biomarkers is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Xu DA, DeYoung TP, Kondoleon NP, Eckenhoff RG, Eckenhoff MF. Anesthetic Effects on the Progression of Parkinson Disease in the Rat DJ-1 Model. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:1140-1151. [PMID: 34673725 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The causes of Parkinson disease are not clear but may involve genetic susceptibilities and environmental factors. As in other neurodegenerative disorders, individuals predisposed to Parkinson disease may have an accelerated onset of symptoms following perioperative stress such as anesthesia, surgery, pain, and inflammation. We hypothesized that anesthesia alone accelerates the onset of Parkinson disease-like pathology and symptoms. METHODS A presymptomatic Parkinson rat model (the protein, DJ-1, encoded by the Park7 gene [DJ-1], PARK7 knockout) was exposed to a surgical plane of isoflurane or 20% oxygen balanced with nitrogen for 2 hours on 3 occasions between 6 and 7 months of age. Acute and long-term motor and neuropathological effects were examined from 7 to 12 months of age in male DJ-1 rats, using the ladder rung, rotarod, and novel object recognition assays, as well as the immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba-1) microglial activation in the substantia nigra and hippocampus. RESULTS In the acute group, after the third anesthetic exposure at 7 months of age, the isoflurane group had a significant reduction in the density of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc compared to controls. However, this reduction was not associated with increased microglial activation in the hippocampus or substantia nigra. With the ladder rung motor skills test, there was no effect of anesthetic exposure on the total number of foot faults or the ladder rung pattern in the acute group. The rotarod test also detected no differences before and after the third exposure in controls. For the long-term group, immunohistochemical analyses detected no differences in the density of dopaminergic neurons or microglial cells compared to unexposed DJ-1 rats from 8 to 12 months of age. The ladder rung test in the long-term group showed no differences in the total number of foot faults with time and exposure or between ladder rung patterns. The rotarod test detected no significant effect of exposure with time or between groups at any time point. The novel object recognition task in the long-term group revealed no differences in short- or long-term memory or in the number of rearings as a function of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Multiple isoflurane exposures in this rat model of Parkinson disease transiently enhanced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the SNpc that resolved over time and had no effects on progression in this Parkinson disease-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Xu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Wang M, Wan C, He T, Han C, Zhu K, Waddington JL, Zhen X. Sigma-1 receptor regulates mitophagy in dopaminergic neurons and contributes to dopaminergic protection. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108360. [PMID: 33122030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal survival and function, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathological development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial quality control is known to contribute to the survival of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, with mitophagy being a key regulator of the quality control system. In this study, we show that mitophagy is impaired in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. Treatment with the sigma-1 receptor (Sig 1R) agonist 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl 1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate (PRE-084) reduced loss of DA neurons, restored motor ability and MPTP-induced damage to mitophagy activity in the SNc of PD-like mice. Additionally, knockdown of Sig 1R in SH-SY5Y DA cells inhibited mitophagy and enhanced 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) neurotoxicity, whereas application of the Sig 1R selective agonist SKF10047 promoted clearance of damaged mitochondria. Moreover, knockdown of Sig 1R in SH-SY5Y cells resulted in decreased levels of p-ULK1 (Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1) (Ser555), p-TBK1 (TANK Binding Kinase 1) (Ser172), p-ubiquitin (Ub) (Ser65), Parkin recruitment, and stabilization of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) in mitochondria. The present data provide the first evidence for potential roles of PINK1/Parkin in Sig 1R-modulated mitophagy in DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kailian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John L Waddington
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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14
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Jayaraj RL, Beiram R, Azimullah S, M. F. NM, Ojha SK, Adem A, Jalal FY. Noscapine Prevents Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Autophagy Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:4627. [PMID: 34361780 PMCID: PMC8348109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the resultant loss of dopamine in the striatum. Various studies have shown that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation plays a major role in PD progression. In addition, the autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) plays an important role in the degradation of aggregated proteins, abnormal cytoplasmic organelles and proteins for intracellular homeostasis. Dysfunction of ALP results in the accumulation of α-synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Thus, modulating ALP is becoming an appealing therapeutic intervention. In our current study, we wanted to evaluate the neuroprotective potency of noscapine in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. Rats were administered rotenone injections (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.,) daily followed by noscapine (10 mg/kg, i.p.,) for four weeks. Noscapine, an iso-qinulinin alkaloid found naturally in the Papaveraceae family, has traditionally been used in the treatment of cancer, stroke and fibrosis. However, the neuroprotective potency of noscapine has not been analyzed. Our study showed that administration of noscapine decreased the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein expression with a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes. In addition, noscapine prevented rotenone-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes. These neuroprotective mechanisms resulted in a decrease in dopaminergic neuron loss in SNpc and neuronal fibers in the striatum. Further, noscapine administration enhanced the mTOR-mediated p70S6K pathway as well as inhibited apoptosis. In addition to these mechanisms, noscapine prevented a rotenone-mediated increase in lysosomal degradation, resulting in a decrease in α-synuclein aggregation. However, further studies are needed to further develop noscapine as a potential therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Nagoor Meeran M. F.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Abdu Adem
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fakhreya Yousuf Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
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15
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Lyu S, Guo Y, Zhang L, Tang G, Li R, Yang J, Gao S, Li W, Liu J. Downregulation of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the lateral habenula is associated with depressive-like behaviors in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108691. [PMID: 34197892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that neuron-glial communication plays an important role in neurological diseases. Particularly, dysfunction of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 has been involved in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression. Our previous studies indicated hyperactivity of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb) of hemiparkinsonian rats with depressive-like behaviors. Thus, we hypothesized that impaired expression or function of GLT-1 in the LHb might be a potential contributor to LHb hyperactivity, which consequently induces PD-related depression. In the study, unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats induced depressive-like behaviors and resulted in neuronal hyperactivity as well as increased glutamate levels in the LHb compared to sham-lesioned rats. Intra-LHb injection of GLT-1 inhibitor WAY-213613 induced the depressive-like behaviors in both groups, but the dose producing behavioral effects in the lesioned rats was lower than that of sham-lesioned rats. In the two groups of rats, WAY-213613 increased the firing rate of LHb neurons and extracellular levels of glutamate, and these excitatory effects in the lesioned rats lasted longer than those in sham-lesioned rats. The functional changes of the GLT-1 which primarily expresses in astrocytes in the LHb may attribute to its downregulation after degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. Bioinformatics analysis showed that GLT-1 is correlated with various biomarkers of PD and depression risks. Collectively, our study suggests that astroglial GLT-1 in the LHb regulates the firing activity of the neurons, whereupon its downregulation and dysfunction are closely associated with PD-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Lyu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guoyi Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ruotong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shasha Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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16
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Izco M, Vettorazzi A, Forcen R, Blesa J, de Toro M, Alvarez-Herrera N, Cooper JM, Gonzalez-Peñas E, Lopez de Cerain A, Alvarez-Erviti L. Oral subchronic exposure to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A induces key pathological features of Parkinson's disease in mice six months after the end of the treatment. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112164. [PMID: 33819549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies with different levels of evidence have pointed to a higher risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) after exposure to environmental toxicants. A practically unexplored potential etiological factor is a group of naturally-occurring fungal secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) has been reported to be neurotoxic in mice. To further identify if OTA exposure could have a role in PD pathology, Balb/c mice were orally treated with OTA (0.21, 0.5 mg/kg bw) four weeks and left for six months under normal diet. Effects of OTA on the onset, progression of alpha-synuclein pathology and development of motor deficits were evaluated. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses showed that oral subchronic OTA treatment induced loss of striatal dopaminergic innervation and dopaminergic cell dysfunction responsible for motor impairments. Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein levels were increased in gut and brain. LAMP-2A protein was decreased in tissues showing alpha-synuclein pathology. Cell cultures exposed to OTA exhibited decreased LAMP-2A protein, impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagy and decreased alpha-synuclein turnover which was linked to miRNAs deregulation, all reminiscent of PD. These results support the hypothesis that oral exposure to low OTA doses in mice can lead to biochemical and pathological changes reported in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Izco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MITOX Research Group, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Raquel Forcen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Av. Carlos V, 70, 28938, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria de Toro
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
| | - Natalia Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - J Mark Cooper
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Gower Street, London, UK.
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Peñas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Adela Lopez de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MITOX Research Group, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Lydia Alvarez-Erviti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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17
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Liu X, Liu S, Tang Y, Pu Z, Xiao H, Gao J, Yin Q, Jia Y, Bai Q. Intragastric Administration of Casein Leads to Nigrostriatal Disease Progressed Accompanied with Persistent Nigrostriatal-Intestinal Inflammation Activited and Intestinal Microbiota-Metabolic Disorders Induced in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1514-1539. [PMID: 33719004 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbial dysbiosis and alteration of gut microbiota composition in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been increasingly reported, no recognized therapies are available to halt or slow progression of PD and more evidence is still needed to illustrate its causative impact on gut microbiota and PD and mechanisms for targeted mitigation. Epidemiological evidence supported an association between milk intake and a higher incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), questions have been raised about prospective associations between dietary factors and the incidence of PD. Here, we investigated the significance of casein in the development of PD. The mice were given casein (6.75 g/kg i.g.) for 21 days after MPTP (25 mg/kg i.p. × 5 days) treatment, the motor function, dopaminergic neurons, inflammation, gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were observed. The experimental results revealed that the mice with casein gavage after MPTP treatment showed a persisted dyskinesia, the content of dopamine in striatum and the expression of TH in midbrain and ileum were decreased, the expression of Iba-1, CD4, IL-22 in midbrain and ileum increased continuously with persisted intestinal histopathology and intestinal barrier injury. Decreased intestinal bile secretion in addition with abnormal digestion and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipids and proteins were found, whereas these pathological status for the MPTP mice without casein intake had recovered after 24 days, no significant differences were observed with regard to only treated with casein. Our study demonstrates that intestinal pathologic injury, intestinal dysbacteriosis and metabolism changes promoted by casein in MPTP mice ultimately exacerbated the lesions to dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuya Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Chongqing Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400039, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjia Pu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jieying Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jia
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
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18
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Oliveira SR, Dionísio PA, Gaspar MM, Ferreira MBT, Rodrigues CAB, Pereira RG, Estevão MS, Perry MJ, Moreira R, Afonso CAM, Amaral JD, Rodrigues CMP. Discovery of a Necroptosis Inhibitor Improving Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss after MPTP Exposure in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105289. [PMID: 34069782 PMCID: PMC8157267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, mainly characterized by motor deficits correlated with progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN). Necroptosis is a caspase-independent form of regulated cell death mediated by the concerted action of receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and the pseudokinase mixed lineage domain-like protein (MLKL). It is also usually dependent on RIP1 kinase activity, influenced by further cellular clues. Importantly, necroptosis appears to be strongly linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. Here, we aimed at identifying novel chemical inhibitors of necroptosis in a PD-mimicking model, by conducting a two-step screening. Firstly, we phenotypically screened a library of 31 small molecules using a cellular model of necroptosis and, thereafter, the hit compound effect was validated in vivo in a sub-acute 1-methyl-1-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP) PD-related mouse model. From the initial compounds, we identified one hit—Oxa12—that strongly inhibited necroptosis induced by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk in the BV2 murine microglia cell line. More importantly, mice exposed to MPTP and further treated with Oxa12 showed protection against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SN and striatum. In conclusion, we identified Oxa12 as a hit compound that represents a new chemotype to tackle necroptosis. Oxa12 displays in vivo effects, making this compound a drug candidate for further optimization to attenuate PD pathogenesis.
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Pavia-Collado R, Cóppola-Segovia V, Miquel-Rio L, Alarcón-Aris D, Rodríguez-Aller R, Torres-López M, Paz V, Ruiz-Bronchal E, Campa L, Artigas F, Montefeltro A, Revilla R, Bortolozzi A. Intracerebral Administration of a Ligand-ASO Conjugate Selectively Reduces α-Synuclein Accumulation in Monoamine Neurons of Double Mutant Human A30P*A53T*α-Synuclein Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062939. [PMID: 33805843 PMCID: PMC8001805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Point mutations and multiplications of the α-Syn, which encodes the SNCA gene, are correlated with early-onset PD, therefore the reduction in a-Syn synthesis could be a potential therapy for PD if delivered to the key affected neurons. Several experimental strategies for PD have been developed in recent years using oligonucleotide therapeutics. However, some of them have failed or even caused neuronal toxicity. One limiting step in the success of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics is their delivery to the brain compartment, and once there, to selected neuronal populations. Previously, we developed an indatraline-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide (IND-1233-ASO), that selectively reduces α-Syn synthesis in midbrain monoamine neurons of mice, and nonhuman primates. Here, we extended these observations using a transgenic male mouse strain carrying both A30P and A53T mutant human α-Syn (A30P*A53T*α-Syn). We found that A30P*A53T*α-Syn mice at 4-5 months of age showed 3.5-fold increases in human α-Syn expression in dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and locus coeruleus (LC), respectively, compared with mouse α-Syn levels. In parallel, transgenic mice exhibited altered nigrostriatal DA neurotransmission, motor alterations, and an anxiety-like phenotype. Intracerebroventricular IND-1233-ASO administration (100 µg/day, 28 days) prevented the α-Syn synthesis and accumulation in the SNc and LC, and recovered DA neurotransmission, although it did not reverse the behavioral phenotype. Therefore, the present therapeutic strategy based on a conjugated ASO could be used for the selective inhibition of α-Syn expression in PD-vulnerable monoamine neurons, showing the benefit of the optimization of ASO molecules as a disease modifying therapy for PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Pavia-Collado
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Cóppola-Segovia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Redox Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil;
| | - Lluís Miquel-Rio
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Alarcón-Aris
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Aller
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; (A.M.); (R.R.)
| | - María Torres-López
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Paz
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Ruiz-Bronchal
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Campa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Montefeltro
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; (A.M.); (R.R.)
- n-Life Therapeutics, S.L., 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Revilla
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; (A.M.); (R.R.)
- n-Life Therapeutics, S.L., 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Nakajima S, Saeki N, Tamano H, Nishio R, Katahira M, Takeuchi A, Takeda A. Age-related vulnerability to nigral dopaminergic degeneration in rats via Zn 2+-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptor activation. Neurotoxicology 2021; 83:69-76. [PMID: 33400970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the evidence that extracellular Zn2+ influx induced with AMPA causes Parkinson's syndrome in rats that apomorphine-induced movement disorder emerges, here we used a low dose of AMPA, which does not increase intracellular Zn2+ level in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of young adult rats, and tested whether intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation induced with AMPA is accelerated in the SNpc of aged rats, resulting in age-related vulnerability to Parkinson's syndrome. When AMPA (1 mM) was injected at the rate of 0.05 μl/min for 20 min into the SNpc, intracellular Zn2+ level was increased in the SNpc of aged rats followed by increase in turning behavior in response to apomorphine and nigral dopaminergic degeneration. In contrast, young adult rats do not show movement disorder and nigral dopaminergic degeneration, in addition to no increase in intracellular Zn2+. In aged rats, movement disorder and nigral dopaminergic degeneration were rescued by co-injection of either extracellular (CaEDTA) or intracellular (ZnAF-2DA) Zn2+ chelators. 1-Naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM), a selective blocker of Ca2+- and Zn2+-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors blocked increase in intracellular Zn2+ in the SNpc of aged rats followed by rescuing nigral dopaminergic degeneration. The present study indicates that intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation is accelerated by Ca2+- and Zn2+-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptor activation in the SNpc of aged rats, resulting in age-related vulnerability to Parkinson's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Nakajima
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nana Saeki
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nishio
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Misa Katahira
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Azusa Takeuchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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21
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Goldstein Ferber S, Weller A, Yadid G, Friedman A. Discovering the Lost Reward: Critical Locations for Endocannabinoid Modulation of the Cortico-Striatal Loop That Are Implicated in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1867. [PMID: 33668515 PMCID: PMC7918043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the Western world, is characterized by increased negative affect (i.e., depressed mood, cost value increase) and reduced positive affect (i.e., anhedonia, reward value decrease), fatigue, loss of appetite, and reduced psychomotor activity except for cases of agitative depression. Some forms, such as post-partum depression, have a high risk for suicidal attempts. Recent studies in humans and in animal models relate major depression occurrence and reoccurrence to alterations in dopaminergic activity, in addition to other neurotransmitter systems. Imaging studies detected decreased activity in the brain reward circuits in major depression. Therefore, the location of dopamine receptors in these circuits is relevant for understanding major depression. Interestingly, in cortico-striatal-dopaminergic pathways within the reward and cost circuits, the expression of dopamine and its contribution to reward are modulated by endocannabinoid receptors. These receptors are enriched in the striosomal compartment of striatum that selectively projects to dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra compacta and is vulnerable to stress. This review aims to show the crosstalk between endocannabinoid and dopamine receptors and their vulnerability to stress in the reward circuits, especially in corticostriatal regions. The implications for novel treatments of major depression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (S.G.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (S.G.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Gal Yadid
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Alexander Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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22
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Galaj E, Xi ZX. Progress in opioid reward research: From a canonical two-neuron hypothesis to two neural circuits. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 200:173072. [PMID: 33227308 PMCID: PMC7796909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and related overdose deaths continue to rise in the United States, contributing to the national opioid crisis in the USA. The neural mechanisms underlying opioid abuse and addiction are still not fully understood. This review discusses recent progress in basic research dissecting receptor mechanisms and circuitries underlying opioid reward and addiction. We first review the canonical GABA-dopamine neuron hypothesis that was upheld for half a century, followed by major findings challenging this hypothesis. We then focus on recent progress in research evaluating the role of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine circuitries in opioid reward and relapse. Based on recent findings that activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is equally rewarding and that GABA neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) and the substantia nigra pars reticula (SNr) are rich in mu opioid receptors and directly synapse onto midbrain DA neurons, we proposed that the RTMg→VTA → ventrostriatal and SNr → SNc → dorsostriatal pathways may act as the two major neural substrates underlying opioid reward and abuse. Lastly, we discuss possible integrations of these two pathways during initial opioid use, development of opioid abuse and maintenance of compulsive opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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23
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Haddadi R, Eyvari-Brooshghalan S, Nayebi AM, Sabahi M, Ahmadi SA. Neuronal degeneration and oxidative stress in the SNc of 6-OHDA intoxicated rats; improving role of silymarin long-term treatment. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2427-2437. [PMID: 32715318 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Progressive loss in dopaminergic neurons (DA) of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) leads to Parkinson's disease with a hypothesis of oxidative stress generation. The present study was conducted to determine the long-term efficacy of silymarin (SM) post-treatment on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress in the SNc of male rats. Male Wistar rats were received 6-OHDA (8 μg/rat) into SNc. After 3 weeks, as recovery period, the animals were treated with i.p. injection of SM at different doses of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg for 15 days. At the end of the treatment, motor function, neuronal cell count, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities were evaluated in the ventral midbrain tissue. The 6-OHDA significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) motor function, antioxidant enzyme activity, GSH level, and GSH/GSSG ratio and caused an augmentation in GSSG and lipid peroxidation level. The 6-OHDA also reduced the population of neurons and TH expression. The SM repaired the 6-OHDA-induced motor impairment, antioxidant enzyme suppression, and TH down-regulation. All three doses of SM could restore the MDA level to the normal range in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and could reversed the effect of 6-OHDA on GSH, GSSG level, and GSH/GSSG ratio. The SM treatment significantly and dose-dependently increased (p ≤ 0.001) the total number of surviving neurons in the SNc. Silymarin chronic treatment restored the brain's antioxidant capacity and salvaged neurons from oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. The SM could also improve motor function in parkinsonian animals by increasing TH expression. These results recommend that application of SM over initial clinical stages may depict a hopeful approach versus PD. However, more research is needed to confirm this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Herbal Medicine and Natural Product Research Center,, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shahid Fahmide St, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Shahla Eyvari-Brooshghalan
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohajjel Nayebi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Ami Ahmadi
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Flores-Soto ME, Corona-Angeles JA, Tejeda-Martinez AR, Flores-Guzman PA, Luna-Mujica I, Chaparro-Huerta V, Viveros-Paredes JM. β-Caryophyllene exerts protective antioxidant effects through the activation of NQO1 in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135534. [PMID: 33271195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a phytocannabinoid with several pharmacological properties, producing anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive effects. In addition, BCP protects dopaminergic neurons from neuronal death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), yet it remains unclear if this effect is due to its antioxidant activity. To assess whether this is the case, the effect of BCP on the expression and activity of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) was evaluated in mice after the administration of MPTP. Male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into four groups, the first of which received saline solution i.p. in equivalent volume and served as a control group. The second group received MPTP. The second group received MPTP hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for seven consecutive days. The third group received BCP (10 mg/kg) for seven days, administered orally and finally, the fourth group received MPTP as described above and BCP for 7 days from the fourth day of MPTP administration. The results showed that BCP inhibits oxidative stress-induced cell death of dopaminergic neurons exposed to MPTP at the same time as it enhances the expression and enzymatic activity of NQO1. Also, the BCP treatment ameliorated motor dysfunction and protected the dopaminergic cells of the SNpc from damage induced by MPTP. Hence, BCP appears to achieve at least some of its antioxidant effects by augmenting NQO1 activity, which protects cells from MPTP toxicity. Accordingly, this phytocannabinoid may represent a promising pharmacological option to safeguard dopaminergic neurons and prevent the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Flores-Soto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J A Corona-Angeles
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A R Tejeda-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - P A Flores-Guzman
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - I Luna-Mujica
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - V Chaparro-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J M Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, 44430, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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25
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Li W, Goshima Y, Ohshima T. Loss of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 4 Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Impairments in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2286-2301. [PMID: 32648145 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired motor symptoms induced by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Many factors are speculated to operate in the mechanism of PD, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal protein handling, and PD induced apoptosis. Besides, researchers have recently shown that inflammatory secretions may engage neighboring cells such as astrocytes, which then induce autocrine and paracrine responses that amplify the inflammation, leading to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we analyzed the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) deletion in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-injected male mice, as well as its effects on motor impairments. Our findings indicated that the deletion of CRMP4 could maintain the TH-positive fibers in the striatum and the TH-positive cells in SNc, attenuate the inflammatory responses, and improve motor coordination and rotational behavior. Furthermore, based on our findings at the early time points, we hypothesized that primary differences between the Crmp4+/+ and Crmp4-/- mice may occur in microglia instead of neurons. Although further work should be carried out to clarify the specific role of CRMP4 in the pathogenesis of PD, our findings suggest that it could be a possible target for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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26
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Langley J, Hussain S, Flores JJ, Bennett IJ, Hu X. Characterization of age-related microstructural changes in locus coeruleus and substantia nigra pars compacta. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:89-97. [PMID: 31870645 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) degrade with normal aging, but not much is known regarding how these changes manifest in MRI images, or whether these markers predict aspects of cognition. Here, we use high-resolution diffusion-weighted MRI to investigate microstructural and compositional changes in LC and SNpc in young and older adult cohorts, as well as their relationship with cognition. In LC, the older cohort exhibited a significant reduction in mean and radial diffusivity, but a significant increase in fractional anisotropy compared with the young cohort. We observed a significant correlation between the decrease in LC mean, axial, and radial diffusivities and measures examining cognition (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall) in the older adult cohort. This observation suggests that LC is involved in retaining cognitive abilities. In addition, we observed that iron deposition in SNpc occurs early in life and continues during normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Langley
- Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sana Hussain
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Justino J Flores
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ilana J Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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27
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Parra I, Martínez I, Ramírez-García G, Tizabi Y, Mendieta L. Differential Effects of LPS and 6-OHDA on Microglia's Morphology in Rats: Implications for Inflammatory Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:1-11. [PMID: 31478124 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of ~ 80% of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Because activation of the innate cellular immune response, mediated by microglia, has been linked to the neurodegeneration in PD, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on microglia's morphology, reflective of their activity, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in SNpc and motor behavior. Adult male Wistar rats were stereotactically injected with LPS or 6-OHDA into the left dorsolateral striatum. Control groups received appropriate vehicle. The morphological changes of microglial cells and neurotoxic effects were examined at 1, 7, and 14 post-injection days. Both LPS and 6-OHDA caused activation and morphological changes in microglial cells as well as loss of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc. These effects were maximal at 14 days post-injection where motor impairments were also evident. However, our findings indicate that 6-OHDA causes a low degree of microglia activation compared to LPS. Hence, it may be concluded that LPS model of PD might be a better representation of inflammatory involvement in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Parra
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio CU, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio CU, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Ramírez-García
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio CU, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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Sharma N, Rao SP, Kalivendi SV. The deglycase activity of DJ-1 mitigates α-synuclein glycation and aggregation in dopaminergic cells: Role of oxidative stress mediated downregulation of DJ-1 in Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:28-37. [PMID: 30796974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with the degeneration of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of intra-neuronal aggregates of α-synuclein and its post-translational products. Based on emerging reports on the association between glycated α-synuclein and PD; and the newly identified deglycase activity of DJ-1, we sought to find the relevance of deglycase activity of DJ-1 on glycation of α-synuclein and its plausible role in PD. Our results demonstrate that DJ-1 has a higher affinity towards the substrate methylglyoxal (MGO) (Km = 900 mM) as compared to its familial mutant, L166P (Km = 1900 mM). Also, CML α-synuclein (CML-syn) served as a substrate for the deglycase activity of DJ-1. Treatment of cells with Parkinsonian mimetic, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+); oxidants, such as H2O2 and methylglyoxal (MGO) lead to a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of DJ-1 with a concomitant increase in CML-syn. Also, MGO induced cytosolic α-synuclein aggregates in cells which stained positive with the anti-CML antibody. Further, unilateral stereotaxic administration of MGO into the SNpc of mice induced α-synuclein aggregates and CML-syn with a concomitant reduction in the number of TH positive neurons, protein levels of TH and DJ-1 at the site of injection. Interestingly, overexpression of DJ-1 enhanced the clearance of preformed CML-syn in cells, mitigated MGO induced CML-syn and intracellular α-synuclein aggregates. Overall, the findings of our present study demonstrate that DJ-1 plays a pivotal role in the glycation and aggregation of α-synuclein. Reduced DJ-1 activity due to mutations or oxidative stress may lead to the accumulation of glycated α-synuclein and its aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Sharma
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, T.S., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Swetha Pavani Rao
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, T.S., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Shasi V Kalivendi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, T.S., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
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Seshadri A, Alladi PA. Divergent Expression Patterns of Drp1 and HSD10 in the Nigro-Striatum of Two Mice Strains Based on their MPTP Susceptibility. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:27-38. [PMID: 30993548 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the basal ganglia circuitry are critical events in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We earlier compared MPTP-susceptible C57BL/6J and MPTP-resistant CD-1 mice to understand the differential prevalence of PD in different ethnic populations like Caucasians and Asian-Indians. The MPTP-resistant CD-1 mice had 33% more nigral neurons and lost only 15-17% of them following MPTP administration. In addition to other cytomorphological features, their basal ganglia neurons had higher calcium-buffering protein levels. During disease pathogenesis as well as in MPTP-induced parkinsonian models, the loss of nigral neurons is associated with reduction in mitochondrial complex-1. Under these conditions, mitochondria respond by undergoing fusion or fission. 17β-hydroxysteroid type 10, i.e., hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase10 (HSD10) and dynamin-related peptide1 (Drp1) are proteins involved in mitochondrial hyperfusion and fission, respectively. Each plays an important role in mitochondrial structure and homeostasis. Their role in determining susceptibility to the neurotoxin MPTP in basal ganglia is however unclear. We studied their expression using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in the dorsolateral striatum, ventral tegmental area, and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of C57BL/6J and CD-1 mice. In the SNpc, which exhibits more neuron loss following MPTP, C57BL/6J had higher baseline Drp1 levels; suggesting persistence of fission under normal conditions. Whereas, HSD10 levels increased in CD-1 following MPTP administration. This suggests mitochondrial hyperfusion, as an attempt towards neuroprotection. Thus, the baseline differences in HSD10 and DRP1 levels as well as their contrasting MPTP-responses may be critical determinants of the magnitude of neuronal loss/survival. Similar differences may determine the variable susceptibility to PD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Seshadri
- Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India.
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Tamegart L, Abbaoui A, Makbal R, Zroudi M, Bouizgarne B, Bouyatas MM, Gamrani H. Crocus sativus restores dopaminergic and noradrenergic damages induced by lead in Meriones shawi: A possible link with Parkinson's disease. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:171-181. [PMID: 30573341 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a metal element released into the atmosphere and a major source of environmental contamination. The accumulation and concentration of this metal in a food web may lead to the intoxication of the body, more precisely, the nervous system (NS). In addition, Pb-exposure can cause structural and functional disruption of the NS. Studies have shown that Pb-exposure could be a risk factor in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The latter is related to dopaminergic deficiency that may be triggered by genetic and environmental factors such as Pb intoxication. In this study, we have evaluated, in one hand, the neurotoxic effect of Pb (25 mg / kg B.W i.p) for three consecutive days on dopaminergic system and locomotor performance in Merione shawi. In the other hand, the possible restorative potential of C. sativus (CS) (50 mg / kg BW) by oral gavage. The immunohistochemical approach has revealed that Pb-intoxicated Meriones show a significant increase of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) levels within the Substantia Nigra compacta (SNc), Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), Locus Coeruleus (LC), Dorsal Striatum (DS) and Medial Forebrain Bundle (MFB), unlike the control meriones, a group intoxicated and treated with Crocus sativus hydroethanolic extract (CSHEE) and treated group by CSHEE. Treatment with CSHEE, has shown a real potential to prevent all Pb-induced damages. In fact, restores the TH levels by 92%, 90%, 88%, 90% and 93% in SNc, VTA, LC, DS and MFB respectively, similarly, locomotor activity dysfunction in Pb-intoxicaed meriones was reinstated by 90%. In this study, we have revealed a new pharmacological potential of Crocus sativus that can be used as a neuroprotective product for neurodegenerative disorders, especially, which implying dopaminergic and noradrenergic injuries, like PD, trigged by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahcen Tamegart
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Abbaoui
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Rachida Makbal
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zroudi
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Brahim Bouizgarne
- Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Plant and Soil microbiology, Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Morocco
| | - My Mustapha Bouyatas
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco; Cadi Ayyad University, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Department of Biology, Morocco
| | - Halima Gamrani
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco.
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Singh S, Mishra A, Mohanbhai SJ, Tiwari V, Chaturvedi RK, Khurana S, Shukla S. Axin-2 knockdown promote mitochondrial biogenesis and dopaminergic neurogenesis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:73-87. [PMID: 30176346 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wnts and the components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are widely expressed in midbrain and required to control the fate specification of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, a neuronal population that specifically degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in pathogenesis of PD. Axin-2, a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects mitochondrial biogenesis and death/birth of new DAergic neurons is not fully explored. We investigated the functional role of Axin-2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mitochondrial biogenesis and DAergic neurogenesis in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model of PD-like phenotypes. We demonstrate that single unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) potentially dysregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). We used shRNA lentiviruses to genetically knockdown Axin-2 to up-regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Genetic knockdown of Axin-2 up-regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by destabilizing the β-catenin degradation complex in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Axin-2 shRNA mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling improved behavioural functions and protected the nigral DAergic neurons by increasing mitochondrial functionality in parkinsonian rats. Axin-2 shRNA treatment reduced apoptotic signaling, autophagy and ROS generation and improved mitochondrial membrane potential which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Interestingly, Axin-2 shRNA-mediated up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhanced net DAergic neurogenesis by regulating proneural genes (Nurr-1, Pitx-3, Ngn-2, and NeuroD1) and mitochondrial biogenesis in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Therefore, our data suggest that pharmacological/genetic manipulation of Wnt signaling that enhances the endogenous regenerative capacity of DAergic neurons may have implication for regenerative approaches in PD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/drug effects
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/metabolism
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/pathology
- Mesencephalon/drug effects
- Mesencephalon/metabolism
- Mesencephalon/pathology
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Oxidopamine/administration & dosage
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/genetics
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Pars Compacta/drug effects
- Pars Compacta/metabolism
- Pars Compacta/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stereotaxic Techniques
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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Paul EJ, Kalk E, Tossell K, Irvine EE, Franks NP, Wisden W, Withers DJ, Leiper J, Ungless MA. nNOS-Expressing Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0381-18.2018. [PMID: 30456293 PMCID: PMC6240015 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0381-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA neurons in the VTA and SNc play key roles in reward and aversion through their local inhibitory control of dopamine neuron activity and through long-range projections to several target regions including the nucleus accumbens. It is not clear whether some of these GABA neurons are dedicated local interneurons or if they all collateralize and send projections externally as well as making local synaptic connections. Testing between these possibilities has been challenging in the absence of interneuron-specific molecular markers. We hypothesized that one potential candidate might be neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a common interneuronal marker in other brain regions. To test this, we used a combination of immunolabelling (including antibodies for nNOS that we validated in tissue from nNOS-deficient mice) and cell type-specific virus-based anterograde tracing in mice. We found that nNOS-expressing neurons, in the parabrachial pigmented (PBP) part of the VTA and the SNc were GABAergic and did not make detectable projections, suggesting they may be interneurons. In contrast, nNOS-expressing neurons in the rostral linear nucleus (RLi) were mostly glutamatergic and projected to a number of regions, including the lateral hypothalamus (LH), the ventral pallidum (VP), and the median raphe (MnR) nucleus. Taken together, these findings indicate that nNOS is expressed by neurochemically- and anatomically-distinct neuronal sub-groups in a sub-region-specific manner in the VTA and SNc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Paul
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Eliza Kalk
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Kyoko Tossell
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - James Leiper
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Ungless
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Li D, Yang H, Ma J, Luo S, Chen S, Gu Q. MicroRNA-30e regulates neuroinflammation in MPTP model of Parkinson's disease by targeting Nlrp3. Hum Cell 2017; 31:106-115. [PMID: 29274035 PMCID: PMC5852205 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggest that neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). MicroRNAs have been recently recognized as crucial regulators of inflammatory responses. Here, we found significant downregulation of microRNA-30e (miR-30e) in SNpc of MPTP-induced PD mice. Next, we employed miR-30e agomir to upregulate miR-30e expression in MPTP-treated mice. Our results showed that delivery of miR-30e agomir remarkably improved motor behavioral deficits and neuronal activity, and inhibited the loss of dopamine neurons. Moreover, the increased α-synuclein protein expression in SNpc of MPTP-PD mice was alleviated by the upregulation of miR-30e. Further, miR-30e agomir administration also attenuated the marked increase of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and restored the decreased secretion of BDNF in SNpc. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that miR-30e directly targeted to Nlrp3, thus suppressing Nlrp3 mRNA and protein expression. Finally, miR-30e upregulation significantly inhibited the activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome as evident from the decreased Nlrp3, Caspase-1 and ASC expressions and IL-18 and IL-1β secretions. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-30e ameliorates neuroinflammation in the MPTP model of PD by decreasing Nlrp3 inflammasome activity. These findings suggesting that miR30e may be a key inflammation-mediated molecule that could be a potential target for PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Hongqi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Sha Luo
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
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Anselmi L, Toti L, Bove C, Hampton J, Travagli RA. A Nigro-Vagal Pathway Controls Gastric Motility and Is Affected in a Rat Model of Parkinsonism. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1581-1593. [PMID: 28912019 PMCID: PMC5705565 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In most patients with Parkinson's disease, gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions, such as gastroparesis and constipation, are prodromal to the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease. Sporadic Parkinson's disease has been proposed to develop after ingestion of neurotoxicants that affect the brain-gut axis via the vagus nerve, and then travel to higher centers, compromising the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and, later, the cerebral cortex. We aimed to identify the pathway that connects the brainstem vagal nuclei and the SNpc, and to determine whether this pathway is compromised in a rat model of Parkinsonism. METHODS To study this neural pathway in rats, we placed tracers in the dorsal vagal complex or SNpc; brainstem and midbrain were examined for tracer distribution and neuronal neurochemical phenotype. Rats were given injections of paraquat once weekly for 3 weeks to induce features of Parkinsonism, or vehicle (control). Gastric tone and motility were recorded after N-methyl-d-aspartate microinjection in the SNpc and/or optogenetic stimulation of nigro-vagal terminals in the dorsal vagal complex. RESULTS Stimulation of the SNpc increased gastric tone and motility via activation of dopamine 1 receptors in the dorsal vagal complex. In the paraquat-induced model of Parkinsonism, this nigro-vagal pathway was compromised during the early stages of motor deficit development. CONCLUSIONS We identified and characterized a nigro-vagal monosynaptic pathway in rats that controls gastric tone and motility. This pathway might be involved in the prodromal gastric dysmotility observed in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Anselmi
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Luca Toti
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecilia Bove
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Hampton
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - R Alberto Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Morales-Garcia JA, Gine E, Hernandez-Encinas E, Aguilar-Morante D, Sierra-Magro A, Sanz-SanCristobal M, Alonso-Gil S, Sanchez-Lanzas R, Castaño JG, Santos A, Perez-Castillo A. CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein β silencing mitigates glial activation and neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13526. [PMID: 29051532 PMCID: PMC5648790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor involved in numerous physiological as well as pathological conditions in the brain. However, little is known regarding its possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously shown that C/EBPβ regulates the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes and brain injury. Here, we have analyzed the effects of C/EBPβ interference in dopaminergic cell death and glial activation in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Our results showed that lentivirus-mediated C/EBPβ deprivation conferred marked in vitro and in vivo neuroprotection of dopaminergic cells concomitant with a significant attenuation of the level of the inflammatory response and glial activation. Additionally, C/EBPβ interference diminished the induction of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta of animals injected with 6-hydroxydopamine. Taking together, these results reveal an essential function for C/EBPβ in the pathways leading to inflammatory-mediated brain damage and suggest novel roles for C/EBPβ in neurodegenerative diseases, specifically in Parkinson's disease, opening the door for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Morales-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Gine
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Hernandez-Encinas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Sierra-Magro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz-SanCristobal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Sanchez-Lanzas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose G Castaño
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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Abbaoui A, Chatoui H, El Hiba O, Gamrani H. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin-I in copper-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rats: A possible link with Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:103-108. [PMID: 28919537 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous findings indicate an involvement of heavy metals in the neuropathology of several neurodegenerative disorders, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have demonstrated that Copper (Cu) exhibits a potent neurotoxic effect on dopaminergic neurons and triggers profound neurobehavioral alterations. Curcumin is a major component of Curcuma longa rhizomes and a powerful medicinal plant that exerts many pharmacological effects. However, the neuroprotective action of curcumin on Cu-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity is yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of acute Cu-intoxication (10mg/kg B.W. i.p) for 3days on the dopaminergic system and locomotor performance as well as the possible therapeutic efficacy of curcumin I (30mg/kg B.W.). Intoxicated rats showed a significant loss of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) expression within substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the striatal outputs. This was correlated with a clear decrease in locomotor performance. Critically, curcumin-I co-treatment reversed these changes and showed a noticeable protective effect; both TH expression and locomotor performance was reinstated in intoxicated rats. These results demonstrate altered dopaminergic innervations following Cu intoxication and a new therapeutic potential of curcumin against Cu-induced dopaminergic neurotransmission failure. Curcumin may therefore prevent heavy metal related Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Abbaoui
- Cadi Ayyad University, faculty of sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Hicham Chatoui
- Cadi Ayyad University, faculty of sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Omar El Hiba
- Cadi Ayyad University, faculty of sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco; Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Morocco
| | - Halima Gamrani
- Cadi Ayyad University, faculty of sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco.
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Slominsky PA, Shadrina MI, Kolomin TA, Stavrovskaya AV, Filatova EV, Andreeva LA, Illarioshkin SN, Myasoedov NF. Peptides semax and selank affect the behavior of rats with 6-OHDA induced PD-like parkinsonism. Dokl Biol Sci 2017; 474:106-109. [PMID: 28702721 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496617030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common severe neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DA neurons) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the synthetic regulatory peptides Semax (analog of an ACTH 4-10 fragment (ACTH4-10)) and Selank (analog of immunomodulatory taftsin) on behavior of rats with 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA) induced PD-like parkinsonism. It was showed that both peptides did not affect motor activity of rats in elevated cross shaped maze and passive defensive behavior of the animals. At the same time, Selank decreased level of anxiety of rats with toxic damage of DA neurons in elevated cross shaped maze. Previously such effects of Selank were revealed in healthy rodents (rats and mice) with different models of psycho-emotional stress. Therefore, toxic damage of substantia nigra does not affect the response of the rat organism on this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M I Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Kolomin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E V Filatova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - L A Andreeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Estep CM, Galtieri DJ, Zampese E, Goldberg JA, Brichta L, Greengard P, Surmeier DJ. Transient Activation of GABAB Receptors Suppresses SK Channel Currents in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Dopaminergic Neurons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169044. [PMID: 28036359 PMCID: PMC5201262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are richly innervated by GABAergic neurons. The postsynaptic effects of GABA on SNc DA neurons are mediated by a mixture of GABAA and GABAB receptors. Although activation of GABAA receptors inhibits spike generation, the consequences of GABAB receptor activation are less well characterized. To help fill this gap, perforated patch recordings were made from young adult mouse SNc DA neurons. Sustained stimulation of GABAB receptors hyperpolarized SNc DA neurons, as previously described. However, transient stimulation of GABAB receptors by optical uncaging of GABA did not; rather, it reduced the opening of small-conductance, calcium-activated K+ (SK) channels and increased the irregularity of spiking. This modulation was attributable to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A. Thus, because suppression of SK channel activity increases the probability of burst spiking, transient co-activation of GABAA and GABAB receptors could promote a pause-burst pattern of spiking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Estep
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Galtieri
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Enrico Zampese
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Goldberg
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lars Brichta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - D. James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Konieczny J, Czarnecka A, Lenda T, Kamińska K, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L. The significance of rotational behavior and sensitivity of striatal dopamine receptors in hemiparkinsonian rats: A comparative study of lactacystin and 6-OHDA. Neuroscience 2016; 340:308-318. [PMID: 27826109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) system in the substantia nigra (SN) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of our study was to compare two unilateral rat models, one produced by intranigral administration of the UPS inhibitor lactacystin or the other induced by 6-OHDA, in terms of their effect on the amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced rotational behavior, striatal dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptor sensitivity and tissue levels of DA and its metabolites. We found that these models did not differ in the intensity of ipsilateral rotations induced by amphetamine. In contrast, apomorphine produced contralateral rotations only in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, and, depending on the dose, it induced either no or moderate ipsilateral rotations in the lactacystin-lesioned group. In addition, lactacystin induced a strong reduction in the tissue DA level and its metabolites in the lesioned striatum and SN when measured three weeks after the administration which was aggravated six weeks post-lesion, reaching the level comparable to the 6-OHDA group. Binding of [3H]raclopride to D2 receptors was increased in the lesioned striatum in both investigated (PD) models six weeks after lesion. In turn, binding of [3H]SCH23390 to the striatal D1 receptors was not changed in the lactacystin group but was increased bilaterally in the 6-OHDA group. The present results add a new value to the study of DA receptor sensitivity and are discussed in the context of the validity of the lactacystin model as a suitable model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Konieczny
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Anna Czarnecka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lenda
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Kinga Kamińska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurochemistry, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
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Xiong N, Li N, Martin E, Yu J, Li J, Liu J, Lee DYW, Isacson O, Vance J, Qing H, Wang T, Lin Z. hVMAT2: A Target of Individualized Medication for Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:623-34. [PMID: 27137201 PMCID: PMC4965405 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is responsible for sequestering cytosolically toxic dopamine into intracellular secretory vesicles. Animal genetic studies have suggested that reduced VMAT2 activity contributes to the genetic etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), but this role has not been established in humans. Based on human genetic association and meta-analysis, we first confirm the human VMAT2 (hVMAT2 or SLC18A2) promoter as a risk factor for PD in both family and unrelated US white people: marker rs363324 at -11.5 kb in the hVMAT2 promoter is reproducibly associated with PD in a cohort of nuclear families (p = 0.04506 in early-onset PD) and 3 unrelated US white people (meta-analysis p = 0.01879). In SH-SY5Y cells, low activity-associated hVMAT2 promoter confers high methylpiperidinopyrazole iodide cytotoxicity, which is likely attributed to functional polymorphisms bound by nuclear proteins. Interestingly, treatments with the dopamine neuron-protecting agent puerarin upregulates the promoter activity in a haplotype- and cell line-dependent manner. These pharmacogenetic findings suggest that hVMAT2 could be a risk factor and imply it as a target of genetic medications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Nuomin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Eden Martin
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, 300222, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Bio-Organic and Nutritional Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - David Yue-Wei Lee
- Bio-Organic and Nutritional Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jeffery Vance
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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Medeiros MS, Schumacher-Schuh A, Cardoso AM, Bochi GV, Baldissarelli J, Kegler A, Santana D, Chaves CMMBS, Schetinger MRC, Moresco RN, Rieder CRM, Fighera MR. Iron and Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: An Observational Study of Injury Biomarkers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146129. [PMID: 26751079 PMCID: PMC4709097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive motor impairment attributed to progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. In addition to an accumulation of iron, there is also an increased production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and inflammatory markers. These observations suggest that iron dyshomeostasis may be playing a key role in neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying this metal-associated oxidative stress and neuronal damage have not been fully elucidated. To determine peripheral levels of iron, ferritin, and transferrin in PD patients and its possible relation with oxidative/nitrosative parameters, whilst attempting to identify a profile of peripheral biomarkers in this neurological condition. Forty PD patients and 46 controls were recruited to compare serum levels of iron, ferritin, transferrin, oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nitrosative stress marker (NOx), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein thiols (NPSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and vitamin C) as well as inflammatory markers (NTPDases, ecto-5’-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase (ADA), ischemic-modified albumin (IMA) and myeloperoxidase). Iron levels were lower in PD patients, whereas there was no difference in ferritin and transferrin. Oxidative stress (TBARS and AOPP) and inflammatory markers (NTPDases, IMA, and myeloperoxidase) were significantly higher in PD, while antioxidants FRAP, vitamin C, and non-protein thiols were significantly lower in PD. The enzymes SOD, CAT, and ecto-5’-nucleotidase were not different among the groups, although NOx and ADA levels were significantly higher in the controls. Our data corroborate the idea that ROS/RNS production and neuroinflammation may dysregulate iron homeostasis and collaborate to reduce the periphery levels of this ion, contributing to alterations observed in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio S. Medeiros
- Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arthur Schumacher-Schuh
- Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andreia Machado Cardoso
- Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Graduate Program in Life Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Health Sciences Center, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Graduate Program in Life Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Kegler
- Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Graduate Program in Life Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Neuropsychiatry Department, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Health Sciences Center, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santana
- Neuropsychiatry Department, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Health Sciences Center, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Graduate Program in Life Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Health Sciences Center, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. M. Rieder
- Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Graduate Program in Life Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Neuropsychiatry Department, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Health Sciences Center, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Rai SN, Yadav SK, Singh D, Singh SP. Ursolic acid attenuates oxidative stress in nigrostriatal tissue and improves neurobehavioral activity in MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 71:41-9. [PMID: 26686287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of brain. Oxidative stress and inflammation plays important role in the neurodegeneration and development of PD. Ursolic Acid (UA: 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in various medicinal plants. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity is a well-established fact. In this paper, the neuroprotective efficiency of UA in MPTP induced PD mouse model has been explored. For this purpose, we divided 30 mice into 5 different groups; first was control, second was MPTP-treated, third, fourth and fifth were different doses of UA viz., 5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg body weight (wt) respectively, along with MPTP. After 21 days of treatment, different behavioral parameters and biochemical assays were conducted. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining of SN dopaminergic neurons as well as HPLC quantification of dopamine and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanilic acid (HVA) were also performed. Our results proved that, UA improves behavioral deficits, restored altered dopamine level and protect dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP intoxicated mouse. Among three different doses, 25 mg/kg body wt was the most effective dose for the PD. This work reveals the potential of UA as a promising drug candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Satyndra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Divakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hong J, Sha S, Zhou L, Wang C, Yin J, Chen L. Sigma-1 receptor deficiency reduces MPTP-induced parkinsonism and death of dopaminergic neurons. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1832. [PMID: 26203861 PMCID: PMC4650739 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) has been reported to be decreased in nigrostriatal motor system of Parkinson's disease patients. Using heterozygous and homozygous σ1R knockout (σ1R+/- and σ1R-/-) mice, we investigated the influence of σ1R deficiency on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-impaired nigrostriatal motor system. The injection of MPTP for 5 weeks in wild-type mice (MPTP-WT mice), but not in σ1R+/- or σ1R-/- mice (MPTP-σ1R+/- or MPTP-σ1R-/- mice), caused motor deficits and ~40% death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta with an elevation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) NR2B phosphorylation. The σ1R antagonist NE100 or the NR2B inhibitor Ro25-6981 could alleviate the motor deficits and the death of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-WT mice. By contrast, MPTP-σ1R+/- mice treated with the σ1R agonist PRE084 or MPTP-σ1R-/- mice treated with the NMDAr agonist NMDA appeared to have similar motor deficits and loss of dopaminergic neurons as MPTP-WT mice. The pharmacological or genetic inactivation of σ1R suppressed the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) in substantia nigra, which was corrected by NMDA. The activation of σ1R by PRE084 enhanced the DAT expression in WT mice or σ1R+/- mice. By contrast, the level of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in σ1R+/- mice or σ1R-/- mice had no difference from WT mice. Interestingly, MPTP-WT mice showed the reduction in the levels of DAT and VMAT2, but MPTP-σ1R-/- mice did not. The inactivation of σ1R by NE100 could prevent the reduction of VMAT2 in MPTP-WT mice. In addition, the activation of microglia cells in substantia nigra was equally enhanced in MPTP-WT mice and MPTP-σ1R-/- mice. The number of activated astrocytes in MPTP-σ1R-/- mice was less than that in MPTP-WT mice. The findings indicate that the σ1R deficiency through suppressing NMDAr function and DAT expression can reduce MPTP-induced death of dopaminergic neurons and parkinsonism.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Animals
- Anisoles/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Cell Death/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microglia/pathology
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/genetics
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Pars Compacta/metabolism
- Pars Compacta/pathology
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Propylamines/pharmacology
- Psychomotor Performance
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, sigma/agonists
- Receptors, sigma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, sigma/genetics
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins/genetics
- Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Sigma-1 Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hong
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Sha
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Yin
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Stayte S, Rentsch P, Li KM, Vissel B. Activin A protects midbrain neurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124325. [PMID: 25902062 PMCID: PMC4406584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and a subsequent loss of dopamine (DA) within the striatum. Despite advances in the development of pharmacological therapies that are effective at alleviating the symptoms of PD, the search for therapeutic treatments that halt or slow the underlying nigral degeneration remains a particular challenge. Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, has been shown to play a role in the neuroprotection of midbrain neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in vitro, suggesting that activin A may offer similar neuroprotective effects in in vivo models of PD. Using robust stereological methods, we found that intrastriatal injections of 6-OHDA results in a significant loss of both TH positive and NeuN positive populations in the SNpc at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-lesioning in drug naïve mice. Exogenous application of activin A for 7 days, beginning the day prior to 6-OHDA administration, resulted in a significant survival of both dopaminergic and total neuron numbers in the SNpc against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. However, we found no corresponding protection of striatal DA or dopamine transporter (DAT) expression levels in animals receiving activin A compared to vehicle controls. These results provide the first evidence that activin A exerts potent neuroprotection in a mouse model of PD, however this neuroprotection may be localized to the midbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Stayte
- Neuroscience Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peggy Rentsch
- Neuroscience Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kong M. Li
- Pharmacology Department, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Neuroscience Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Smith GA, Rocha EM, Rooney T, Barneoud P, McLean JR, Beagan J, Osborn T, Coimbra M, Luo Y, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. A Nurr1 agonist causes neuroprotection in a Parkinson's disease lesion model primed with the toll-like receptor 3 dsRNA inflammatory stimulant poly(I:C). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121072. [PMID: 25815475 PMCID: PMC4376720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are characterized by the expression of genes required for dopamine synthesis, handling and reuptake and the expression of these genes is largely controlled by nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1). Nurr1 is also expressed in astrocytes and microglia where it functions to mitigate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic factors. Given that Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis has been linked to both loss of Nurr1 expression in the SNpc and inflammation, increasing levels of Nurr1 maybe a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study a novel Nurr1 agonist, SA00025, was tested for both its efficiency to induce the transcription of dopaminergic target genes in vivo and prevent dopaminergic neuron degeneration in an inflammation exacerbated 6-OHDA-lesion model of PD. SA00025 (30mg/kg p.o.) entered the brain and modulated the expression of the dopaminergic phenotype genes TH, VMAT, DAT, AADC and the GDNF receptor gene c-Ret in the SN of naive rats. Daily gavage treatment with SA00025 (30mg/kg) for 32 days also induced partial neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons and fibers in rats administered a priming injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C) and subsequent injection of 6-OHDA. The neuroprotective effects of SA00025 in this dopamine neuron degeneration model were associated with changes in microglial morphology indicative of a resting state and a decrease in microglial specific IBA-1 staining intensity in the SNpc. Astrocyte specific GFAP staining intensity and IL-6 levels were also reduced. We conclude that Nurr1 agonist treatment causes neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in an inflammation exacerbated 6-OHDA lesion model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor A. Smith
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily M. Rocha
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Rooney
- Sanofi, Neurodegeneration and Pain Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Pascal Barneoud
- Sanofi, Neurodegeneration and Pain Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Jesse R. McLean
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Beagan
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Teresia Osborn
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Coimbra
- Sanofi, Disposition, Safety & Animal Research, Department 1, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Yongyi Luo
- Sanofi-Genzyme, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Penelope J. Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OI); (PJH)
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OI); (PJH)
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Abstract
Sporadic or idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder of unknown origin that ranks only second behind Alzheimer's disease (AD) in prevalence and its consequent social and economic burden. PD neuropathology is characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta; however, more widespread involvement of other CNS structures and peripheral tissues now is widely documented. The onset of molecular and cellular neuropathology of PD likely occurs decades before the onset of the motor symptoms characteristic of PD. The hallmark symptoms of PD, resting tremors, rigidity and postural disabilities, are related to dopamine (DA) deficiency. Current therapies treat these symptoms by replacing or boosting existing DA. All current interventions have limited therapeutic benefit for disease progression because damage likely has progressed over an estimated period of ~5 to 15years to a loss of 60%-80% of the nigral DA neurons, before symptoms emerge. There is no accepted definitive biomarker of PD. An urgent need exists to develop early diagnostic biomarkers for two reasons: (1) to intervene at the onset of disease and (2) to monitor the progress of therapeutic interventions that may slow or stop the course of the disease. In the context of disease development, one of the promises of personalized medicine is the ability to predict, on an individual basis, factors contributing to the susceptibility for the development of a given disease. Recent advances in our understanding of genetic factors underlying or contributing to PD offer the potential for monitoring susceptibility biomarkers that can be used to identify at-risk individuals and possibly prevent the onset of disease through treatment. Finally, the exposome concept is new in the biomarker discovery arena and it is suggested as a way to move forward in identifying biomarkers of neurological diseases. It is a two-stage scheme involving a first stage of exposome-wide association studies (EWAS) to profile omic features in serum to discover molecular biomarkers. The second stage involves application of this knowledge base in follow-up studies. This strategy is unique in that it promotes the use of data-driven (omic) strategies in interrogating diseased and healthy populations and encourages a movement away from using only reductionist strategies to discover biomarkers of exposure and disease. In this short review we will examine 1) advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PD that have led to candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment efficacy and 2) new technologies on the horizon that will lead to novel approaches in biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505.
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505.
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Iacovitti L, Wei X, Cai J, Kostuk EW, Lin R, Gorodinsky A, Roman P, Kusek G, Das SS, Dufour A, Martinez TN, Dave KD. The hTH-GFP reporter rat model for the study of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113151. [PMID: 25462571 PMCID: PMC4251919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease in the US. As there is no known cause or cure for PD, researchers continue to investigate disease mechanisms and potential new therapies in cell culture and in animal models of PD. In PD, one of the most profoundly affected neuronal populations is the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). These DA-producing neurons undergo degeneration while neighboring DA-producing cells of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are largely spared. To aid in these studies, The Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF) partnered with Thomas Jefferson University and Taconic Inc. to generate new transgenic rat lines carrying the human TH gene promoter driving EGFP using a 11 kb construct used previously to create a hTH-GFP mouse reporter line. Of the five rat founder lines that were generated, three exhibited high level specific GFP fluorescence in DA brain structures (ie. SN, VTA, striatum, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus). As with the hTH-GFP mouse, none of the rat lines exhibit reporter expression in adrenergic structures like the adrenal gland. Line 12141, with its high levels of GFP in adult DA brain structures and minimal ectopic GFP expression in non-DA structures, was characterized in detail. We show here that this line allows for anatomical visualization and microdissection of the rat midbrain into SNpc and/or VTA, enabling detailed analysis of midbrain DA neurons and axonal projections after toxin treatment in vivo. Moreover, we further show that embryonic SNpc and/or VTA neurons, enriched by microdissection or FACS, can be used in culture or transplant studies of PD. Thus, the hTH-GFP reporter rat should be a valuable tool for Parkinson's disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Iacovitti
- Farber Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaotao Wei
- Farber Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jingli Cai
- Farber Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Kostuk
- Farber Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ruihe Lin
- Farber Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Philip Roman
- Taconic Farms, Inc., Hudson, New York, United States of America
| | - Gretchen Kusek
- Taconic Farms, Inc., Hudson, New York, United States of America
| | - Sonal S. Das
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Audrey Dufour
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Terina N. Martinez
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kuldip D. Dave
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York, United States of America
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Reinhart F, Massri NE, Darlot F, Torres N, Johnstone DM, Chabrol C, Costecalde T, Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Benabid AL, Moro C. 810nm near-infrared light offers neuroprotection and improves locomotor activity in MPTP-treated mice. Neurosci Res 2014; 92:86-90. [PMID: 25462595 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We explored whether 810nm near-infrared light (NIr) offered neuroprotection and/or improvement in locomotor activity in an acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Mice received MPTP and 810nm NIr treatments, or not, and were tested for locomotive activity in an open-field test. Thereafter, brains were aldehyde-fixed and processed for tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that MPTP-treated mice that were irradiated with 810nm NIr had both greater locomotor activity (∼40%) and number of dopaminergic cells (∼20%) than those that were not. In summary, 810nm (as with 670nm) NIr offered neuroprotection and improved locomotor activity in MPTP-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reinhart
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Nabil El Massri
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Fannie Darlot
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Napoleon Torres
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Department of Physiology F13, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Claude Chabrol
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Thomas Costecalde
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Department of Physiology F13, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Cécile Moro
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
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49
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Glaab E, Schneider R. Comparative pathway and network analysis of brain transcriptome changes during adult aging and in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 74:1-13. [PMID: 25447234 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered as one of the main factors promoting the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD), and common mechanisms of dopamine neuron degeneration in aging and PD have been proposed in recent years. Here, we use a statistical meta-analysis of human brain transcriptomics data to investigate potential mechanistic relationships between adult brain aging and PD pathogenesis at the pathway and network level. The analyses identify statistically significant shared pathway and network alterations in aging and PD and an enrichment in PD-associated sequence variants from genome-wide association studies among the jointly deregulated genes. We find robust discriminative patterns for groups of functionally related genes with potential applications as combined risk biomarkers to detect aging- and PD-linked oxidative stress, e.g., a consistent over-expression of metallothioneins matching with findings in previous independent studies. Interestingly, analyzing the regulatory network and mouse knockout expression data for NR4A2, a transcription factor previously associated with rare mutations in PD and here found as the most significantly under-expressed gene in PD among the jointly altered genes, suggests that aging-related NR4A2 expression changes may increase PD risk via downstream effects similar to disease-linked mutations and to expression changes in sporadic PD. Overall, the analyses suggest mechanistic explanations for the age-dependence of PD risk and reveal significant and robust shared process alterations with potential applications in biomarker development for pre-symptomatic risk assessment or early stage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Manolov AI, Dolgikh VV, Ukraintseva IV, Zavalko IM, Revishchin AV, Pavlova GV, Pronina TS, Ugriumov MV, Dorokhov VB, Koval'zon VM. [Moving activity and wakefulness-sleep cycle changes in a mouse MPTP model of Parkinson's disease]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2014; 100:1252-1260. [PMID: 25665403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A group of mice with preliminary implanted (under general anesthesia) electrodes for cortical EEG and nuchal EMG was subjected to continuous baseline 24-hr video and digital polysomnographic recording with the 12/12 light/dark schedule, and then injected subcutaneously with 24 or 48 mg/kg of MPTP toxin or (the control group) saline. The recordings were continued for 2 weeks more. A significant increase in activity and the waking percentage as well as decrease in REM sleep and NREM sleep (tendency) during the dark period as compared to the baseline and control recordings was found. The effect was seen just on the 7th day following MPTP administration and became significant by the 14th day. The effect was more pronounced after 48 mg/kg injection than after 24. There were no changes during the light period. Morphological control revealed a 70% and 35% decreases in the amount of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in substancia nigra/pars compacta after 48 and 24 mg/kg of MPTP, respectively, as compared to the saline group.
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