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Santos PCRD, Heimler B, Koren O, Flash T, Plotnik M. Dopamine improves defective cortical and muscular connectivity during bilateral control of gait in Parkinson's disease. Commun Biol 2024; 7:495. [PMID: 38658666 PMCID: PMC11043351 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD)-typical declines in gait coordination are possibly explained by weakness in bilateral cortical and muscular connectivity. Here, we seek to determine whether this weakness and consequent decline in gait coordination is affected by dopamine levels. To this end, we compare cortico-cortical, cortico-muscular, and intermuscular connectivity and gait outcomes between body sides in people with PD under ON and OFF medication states, and in older adults. In our study, participants walked back and forth along a 12 m corridor. Gait events (heel strikes and toe-offs) and electrical cortical and muscular activities were measured and used to compute cortico-cortical, cortico-muscular, and intermuscular connectivity (i.e., coherences in the alpha, beta, and gamma bands), as well as features characterizing gait performance (e.g., the step-timing coordination, length, and speed). We observe that people with PD, mainly during the OFF medication, walk with reduced step-timing coordination. Additionally, our results suggest that dopamine intake in PD increases the overall cortico-muscular connectivity during the stance and swing phases of gait. We thus conclude that dopamine corrects defective feedback caused by impaired sensory-information processing and sensory-motor integration, thus increasing cortico-muscular coherences in the alpha bands and improving gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- IDOR/Pioneer Science Initiative, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Benedetta Heimler
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Or Koren
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Flash
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meir Plotnik
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Almutairi AB, Alrashdi NZ, Vogtle L, Alotaibi MM. Effect of psychostimulant medications on physical function in children with cerebral palsy: scoping review. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1217-1223. [PMID: 38071277 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review is to examine the extent and depth of the literature on effects of central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medications on physical function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A systematic search for relevant peer-reviewed studies was conducted of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, Embase, & Scopus (January 2002 & August 2022). We included studies that examined the effects of CNS stimulants on physical function in children with CP. Four studies met our selection criteria. All studies explored the effect of Modafinil on physical function outcomes. Three studies of the four included studies reported positive effects of Modafinil on spasticity, motor performance, and gait, whereas one study reported no significant effects of Modafinil. Our findings suggest that there is very low-quality evidence that suggests that Modafinil may enhance physical improvements in body structure and function, including reduction in spasticity and improvements in gait parameters. IMPACT: Central nervous system stimulants were examined for efficacy on physical function and spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. The evidence on the effects of central nervous system stimulants on physical function in children with CP is limited and inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar B Almutairi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait.
| | - Naif Z Alrashdi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Vogtle
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Birmingham, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mansour M Alotaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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Papageorgiou E, Peeters N, Staut L, Molenaers G, Ortibus E, Van Campenhout A, Desloovere K. Botulinum neurotoxin type A responders among children with spastic cerebral palsy: Pattern-specific effects. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 49:131-140. [PMID: 38518417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify short-term effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT) injections on gait and clinical impairments, in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), based on baseline gait pattern-specific subgroups. METHOD Short-term effects of BoNT injections in the medial hamstrings and gastrocnemius were defined in a retrospective convenience sample of 117 children with CP (median age: 6 years 4 months; GMFCS I/II/III: 70/31/16; unilateral/bilateral: 56/61) who had received gait analyses before and 2 months post-BoNT. First, baseline gait patterns were classified. Statistical and meaningful changes were calculated between pre- and post-BoNT lower limb sagittal plane kinematic waveforms, the gait profile score, and non-dimensional spatiotemporal parameters for the entire sample and for pattern-specific subgroups. These gait waveforms per CP subgroup at pre- and post-BoNT were also compared to typically developing gait and composite scores for spasticity, weakness, and selectivity were compared between the two conditions. RESULTS Kinematic improvements post-BoNT were identified at the ankle and knee for the entire sample, and for subgroups with apparent equinus and jump gait. Limbs with baseline patterns of dropfoot and to a lesser extent true equinus showed clear improvements only at the ankle. In apparent equinus, jump gait, and dropfoot, spasticity improved post-BoNT, without leading to increased weakness or diminished selectivity. Compared to typical gait, knee and hip motion improved in the crouch gait subgroup post-BoNT. CONCLUSION This comprehensive analysis highlighted the importance of investigating BoNT effects on gait and clinical impairments according to baseline gait patterns. These findings may help identify good treatment responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Papageorgiou
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - N Peeters
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Staut
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Molenaers
- KU Leuven, Locomotor and Neurological Disorders, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Orthopedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Ortibus
- KU Leuven, Locomotor and Neurological Disorders, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Developmental Disabilities, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Van Campenhout
- KU Leuven, Locomotor and Neurological Disorders, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Orthopedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Desloovere
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Denne T, Winfrey LC, Moore C, Whitner C, D'Silva T, Soumyanath A, Shinto L, Hiller A, Meshul CK. Recovery of motor function is associated with rescue of glutamate biomarkers in the striatum and motor cortex following treatment with Mucuna pruriens in a murine model of Parkinsons disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103883. [PMID: 37527694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of natural products for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mucuna pruriens has been used in the treatment of humans with PD. The goal of this study was to determine if daily oral treatment with an extract of Mucuna pruriens, starting after the MPTP-induced loss of nigrostriatal dopamine in male mice, would result in recovery/restoration of motor function, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression in the nigrostriatal pathway, or glutamate biomarkers in both the striatum and motor cortex. Following MPTP administration, resulting in an 80 % loss of striatal TH, treatment with Mucuna pruriens failed to rescue either striatal TH or the dopamine transporter back to the control levels, but there was restoration of gait/motor function. There was an MPTP-induced loss of TH-labeled neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in the number of striatal dendritic spines, both of which failed to be recovered following treatment with Mucuna pruriens. This Mucuna pruriens-induced locomotor recovery following MPTP was associated with restoration of two striatal glutamate transporter proteins, GLAST (EAAT1) and EAAC1 (EAAT3), and the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) within the motor cortex. Post-MPTP treatment with Mucuna pruriens, results in locomotor improvement that is associated with recovery of striatal and motor cortex glutamate transporters but is independent of nigrostriatal TH restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cindy Moore
- VA Medical Center/Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lynne Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amie Hiller
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; VA Medical Center/Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles K Meshul
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; VA Medical Center/Portland, Portland, OR, USA.
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Jang SH, Byun DH. Delayed gait recovery by resolution of limb-kinetic apraxia in a chronic hemiparetic stroke patient: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28711. [PMID: 35089235 PMCID: PMC8797483 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE This paper reports on a chronic hemiparetic stroke patient who showed delayed gait recovery due to resolution of limb-kinetic apraxia (LKA). PATIENT CONCERNS A 49-year-old man underwent comprehensive rehabilitation at a local rehabilitation hospital since 3 weeks after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. However, he could not walk independently because of severe motor weakness in his right leg until 19 months after the onset. DIAGNOSIS At the beginning of rehabilitation at our hospital (19 months after onset), we thought that he had the neurological potential to walk independently because the unaffected (right) corticospinal tract and corticoreticulospinal tract were closely related to the gait potential, representing intact integrities. As a result, we assumed that the severe motor weakness in the right leg was mainly ascribed to LKA. INTERVENTIONS At our hospital, he underwent comprehensive rehabilitation including increased doses of dopaminergic drugs (pramipexole, ropinirole, amantadine, and carbidopa/levodopa). OUTCOMES After 10 days to our hospital, he could walk independently on an even floor with verbal supervision, concurrent with motor recovery of the right leg. After 24 days after hospital admission, he could walk independently on an even floor. LESSONS We believe that the resolution of LKA in his right leg by the administration of adequate doses of dopaminergic drugs was the main reason for the delayed gait recovery in this patient. The results suggest the importance of detecting the neurological potential for gait ability of a stroke patient who cannot walk after the gait recovery phase and the causes of gait inability for individual patients.
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Aristotelous P, Stefanakis M, Pantzaris M, Pattichis CS, Calder PC, Patrikios IS, Sakkas GK, Giannaki CD. The Effects of Specific Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins on Gait and Functional Capacity Parameters in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:3661. [PMID: 34684661 PMCID: PMC8540949 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by, among other symptoms, impaired functional capacity and walking difficulties. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been found to improve MS patients' clinical outcomes; however, their effect on other parameters associated with daily living activities need further investigation. The current study aimed to examine the effect of a 24-month supplementation with a cocktail dietary supplement formula, the NeuroaspisTM PLP10, containing specific omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs and specific antioxidant vitamins on gait and functional capacity parameters of patients with MS. Fifty-one relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients with low disability scores (age: 38.4 ± 7.1 years; 30 female) were randomized 1:1 to receive either a 20 mL daily dose of the dietary formula containing a mixture of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs (12,150 mg), vitamin A (0.6 mg), vitamin E (22 mg), and γ-tocopherol (760 mg), the OMEGA group (n = 27; age: 39 ± 8.3 years), or 20 mL placebo containing virgin olive oil, the placebo group (n = 24; age: 37.8 ± 5.3 years). The mean ± SD (standard deviation) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score for the placebo group was 2.36 and for the OMEGA group 2.22. All enrolled patients in the study were on Interferon-β treatment. Spatiotemporal gait parameters and gait deviation index (GDI) were assessed using a motion capture system. Functional capacity was examined using various functional tests such as the six-minute walk test (6MWT), two sit-to-stand tests (STS-5 and STS-60), and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Isometric handgrip strength was assessed by a dynamometer. Leg strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. All assessments were performed at baseline and at 12 and 24 months of supplementation. A total of 36 patients completed the study (18 from each group). Six patients from the placebo group and 9 patients from the OMEGA group dropped out from the study or were lost to follow-up. The dietary supplement significantly improved the single support time and the step and stride time (p < 0.05), both spatiotemporal gait parameters. In addition, while GDI of the placebo group decreased by about 10% at 24 months, it increased by about 4% in the OMEGA group (p < 0.05). Moreover, performance in the STS-60 test improved in the OMEGA group (p < 0.05) and there was a tendency for improvement in the 6MWT and TUG tests. Long-term supplementation with high dosages of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs (compared to previous published clinical studies using PUFAs) and specific antioxidant vitamins improved some functional capacity and gait parameters in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Aristotelous
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Manos Stefanakis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | | | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | | | - Giorgos K. Sakkas
- Department of PE and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
- School of Sports and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Christoforos D. Giannaki
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.A.); (M.S.)
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Mendis S, Ealing J, Larkin J, Turajlic S, Carr A, Bronstein A, Kaski D. Isolated imbalance due to bilateral vestibular failure following immune checkpoint inhibitor administration: two cases. Eur J Cancer 2021; 156:187-189. [PMID: 34464870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surangi Mendis
- Department of Neuro-otology, Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals UCLH, London, UK
| | - John Ealing
- Department of Neurology, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aisling Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Adolfo Bronstein
- Neuro-Otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diego Kaski
- Department of Neuro-otology, Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals UCLH, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Centre for Vestibular and Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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Donecker J, Fabiani M, Gaschen L, Aulakh KS. Treatment response in dogs with naturally occurring grade 3 elbow osteoarthritis following intra-articular injection of 117mSn (tin) colloid. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254613. [PMID: 34280212 PMCID: PMC8289027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The radionuclide 117mSn (tin-117m) embedded in a homogeneous colloid is a novel radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) device for intra-articular (IA) administration to treat synovial inflammation and mitigate osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. A study to evaluate tin-117m colloid treatment response in dogs with OA was conducted at two centers, the School of Veterinary Medicine at Louisiana State University, and at a referral practice in Houston, Texas. The tin-117m colloid was administered per-protocol to 14 client-owned dogs with radiographically confirmed, grade 3 OA in one or both elbow joints. Dog owners and attending clinicians assessed the level of pain at baseline (BL) and the post-treatment pain response at 90-day intervals for one year. Owners assessed treatment response according to a pain severity score (PSS) and a pain interference score (PIS) as defined by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory. Clinicians reported a lameness score using a 0–5 scale, from no lameness to continuous non-weight bearing lameness, when observing dogs at a walk and a trot. The rate of treatment success as determined by improved mean PSS and PIS scores reported by dog owners was >70% at all time points. Clinicians reported an improved mean pain score from BL at post-treatment Days 90 (p<0.05), 180, and 270. The dog owner and clinician assessments of treatment success were significantly correlated (p>0.05) at Day 90 and Day 180 time points. Results indicated that a single IA dose of tin-117m colloid provided a significant reduction in pain and lameness and improved functionality for up to a full year, with no adverse treatment related effects, in a high percentage of dogs with advanced, clinical OA of the elbow joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Donecker
- Exubrion Therapeutics, Buford, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Fabiani
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Karanvir Singh Aulakh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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Yang J, Chen G, Guo TW, Qin WY, Jia P. Simiao Wan attenuates monosodium urate crystal-induced arthritis in rats through contributing to macrophage M2 polarization. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 275:114123. [PMID: 33894285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Simiao Wan (SMW) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription to empirically treat gouty arthritis (GA) in TCM clinical practice. However, the potential mechanisms of SMW on GA are not fully evaluated. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the role of macrophage polarization in the anti-GA activity of SMW. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were intragastricly treated with SMW for consecutive 7 days. On day 6, monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced arthritis (MIA) in the ankle joint was prepared. Paw volume, gait score and histological score were measured. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase (Arg)-1, phosphorylated (p)-p65, inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (IκB)α, p-signal transducer and transcription activator (STAT)3 and p-Janus kinase (JAK)2 in synovial tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS The elevated paw volume, gait score and histological score in MIA rats were significantly decreased by SMW treatment. Meanwhile, SMW significantly decreased the IL-1β level and increased the IL-10 level in serum of MIA rats. Furthermore, SMW reduced the expressions of iNOS, p-p65 and enhanced the expressions of Arg-1, IκBα, p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 in synovial tissues of MIA rats. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that SMW attenuates the inflammation in MIA rats through promoting macrophage M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research of Chongqing Education Commission, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Ting-Wang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research of Chongqing Education Commission, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Wen-Yi Qin
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Liu ZQ, Liu K, Liu ZF, Cong L, Lei MY, Ma Z, Li J, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Manganese-induced alpha-synuclein overexpression aggravates mitochondrial damage by repressing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112213. [PMID: 33862121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure is related to elevated risks of neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a critical pathophysiological feature of Mn neurotoxicity. Although previous research has demonstrated Mn-induced alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) overexpression, the role of α-Syn in mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we used Wistar rats and human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying how α-Syn overexpression induced by different doses of Mn (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) results in mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that Mn-induced neural cell injury was associated with mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, Mn upregulated α-Syn protein levels and increased the interaction between α-Syn and mitochondria. We then used a lentivirus vector containing α-Syn shRNA to examine the effect of Mn-induced α-Syn protein on PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. Our data demonstrated that the knockdown of α-Syn decreased the interaction between α-Syn and PINK1. The enhanced level of phosphorylated Parkin (p-Parkin) was due to the decrease of the interaction between α-Syn and PINK1. Moreover, the knockdown of α-Syn increased recruitment of p-Parkin to mitochondria. Collectively, these observations revealed that Mn-induced α-Syn overexpression repressed PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and exacerbated mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhuo-Fan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Meng-Yu Lei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Kawadkar M, Mandloi AS, Saxena V, Tamadaddi C, Sahi C, Dhote VV. Noscapine alleviates cerebral damage in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:669-683. [PMID: 33106921 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With high unmet medical needs, stroke remains an intensely focused research area. Although noscapine is a neuroprotective agent, its mechanism of action in ischemic-reperfusion (I-R) injury is yet to be ascertained. We investigated the effect of noscapine on the molecular mechanisms of cell damage using yeast, and its neuroprotection on cerebral I-R injury in rats. Yeast, both wild-type and Δtrx2 strains, was evaluated for cell growth and viability, and oxidative stress to assess the noscapine effect at 8, 10, 12, and 20 μg/ml concentrations. The neuroprotective activity of noscapine (5 and 10 mg/kg; po for 8 days) was investigated in rats using middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced I-R injury. Infarct volume, neurological deficit, oxidative stress, myeloperoxidase activity, and histological alterations were determined in I-R rats. In vitro yeast assays exhibited significant antioxidant activity and enhanced cell tolerance against oxidative stress after noscapine treatment. Similarly, noscapine pretreatment significantly reduced infarct volume and edema in the brain. The neurological deficit was decreased and oxidative stress biomarkers, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels, were significantly increased while lipid peroxidation showed significant decrease in comparison to vehicle-treated I-R rats. Myeloperoxidase activity, an indicator of inflammation, was also reduced significantly in treated rats; histological changes were attenuated with noscapine. The study demonstrates the protective effect of noscapine in yeast and I-R rats by improving cell viability and attenuating neuronal damage, respectively. This protective activity of noscapine could be attributed to potent free radical scavenging and inhibition of inflammation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Kawadkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Avinash S Mandloi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Vidhu Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Chetana Tamadaddi
- Chaperone and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Chandan Sahi
- Chaperone and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Vipin V Dhote
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India.
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12
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Koon CM, Wing-Shing Cheung D, Wong PH, Wat E, Ng SK, Cheung WH, Fu-Yuen Lam F, Chook P, Fung KP, Leung PC, Yan BP. Salviae miltiorrhizae radix and puerariae lobatae radix herbal formula improves circulation, vascularization and gait function in a peripheral arterial disease rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 264:113235. [PMID: 32777518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE DG is a herbal formula, containing the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) and the root of Pueraria lobate (Willd.) Ohwi (Gegen), has a history of usage in China for cardiovascular protection and anti-atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to determine the beneficial effect of DG on the hind-limb ischemia rat model which mimics peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and its vasodilative effect on isolated femoral artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The vasodilatory effects were assessed by contractile responses to DG in the isolated femoral artery and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated by the involvement of endothelium, potassium channel and calcium channel. For hind-limb ischemia study, treatment outcomes were assessed by evaluating hind-limb blood flow, functional limb recovery, muscle histology and angiogenesis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated positive dose-dependent vasodilatory response to DG via an endothelium-independent mechanism that involved inwardly rectifying K+ channels and Ca2+ channels. We also demonstrated significant improvement in blood perfusion and micro-vessel density in the ischemic limb and positive effects in functional limb recovery. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study supported the potential use of DG as a novel treatment for symptomatic PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - David Wing-Shing Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pui-Han Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sau-Kuen Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Francis Fu-Yuen Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ping Chook
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CUHK-Zhejiang University Joint Laboratory on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Camargo LL, Denadai-Souza A, Yshii LM, Lima C, Teixeira SA, Cerqueira ARA, Gewehr MCF, Fernandes ES, Schenka AA, Muscará MN, Ferro ES, Costa SKP. The potential anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of rat hemopressin (PVNFKFLSH) in experimental arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 890:173636. [PMID: 33053380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), stands out as one of the main sources of pain and impairment to the quality of life. The use of hemopressin (PVNFKFLSH; Hp), an inverse agonist of type 1 cannabinoid receptor, has proven to be effective in producing analgesia in pain models, but its effect on neuro-inflammatory aspects of RA is limited. In this study, antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was evoked by the intraarticular (i.art.) injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-injected ipsilateral knee joints or AIA contralateral were used as control. Nociceptive and inflammatory parameters such as knee joint oedema and leukocyte influx and histopathological changes were carried out in addition to the local measurement of interleukins (IL) IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and the immunoreactivity of the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in the spinal cord (lumbar L3-5 segments) of AIA rats. For 4 days, AIA rats were treated daily with a single administration of saline, Hp injected (10 or 20 μg/day, i.art.), Hp given orally (20 μg/Kg, p.o.) or indomethacin (Indo; 5 mg/Kg, i.p.). In comparison to the PBS control group, the induction of AIA produced a significant and progressive mono-arthritis condition. The degree of AIA severity progressively compromised the normal walking pattern and impaired mobility over the next four days in relation to PBS-injected rats or contralateral knee joints. In AIA rats, the reduction of the distance between footprints and disturbances of gait evidenced signs of nociception. This response worsened at day 4, and a loss of footprint from the ipsilateral hind paw was evident. Daily treatment of the animals with Hp either i.art. (10 and 20 μg/knee) or p.o. (20 μg/Kg) as well as Indo (5 mg/Kg, i.p.) ameliorated the impaired mobility in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In parallel, the AIA-injected ipsilateral knee joints reach a peak of swelling 24 h after AIA induction, which persisted over the next four days in relation to PBS-injected rats or contralateral knee joints. There was a significant but not dose-dependent inhibitory effect produced by all dosages and routes of Hp treatments on AIA-induced knee joint swelling (P < 0.05). In addition, the increased synovial levels of MPO activity, total leukocytes number and IL-6, but not IL-1β, were significantly reduced by the lower i.art. dose of Hp. In conclusion, these results successfully demonstrate that Hp may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat RA, an effect which is unrelated to the proinflammatory actions of the neuropeptides CGRP and SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- INSERM UMR U1043 - CNRS U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, 31300, France; KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidia M Yshii
- INSERM UMR U1043 - CNRS U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, 31300, France; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research and KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (CAT/CEPID), Butantan Institute, Avenue Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantan, 05503-009, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone A Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson R A Cerqueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara C F Gewehr
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, 80250-060, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - André A Schenka
- Faculty of Medical Sciences- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Emer S Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil; Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Soraia K P Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB-I), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil.
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Huang YH, Chiu WC, Hsu YP, Lo YL, Wang YH. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength and Muscle Performance among the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123739. [PMID: 33291698 PMCID: PMC7761957 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing the role of fatty acids and their derived lipid intermediates in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass synthesis and function. However, the role of omega-3 fatty acids remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on sarcopenia-related performances among the elderly. Eligible literature and reports of randomized controlled trials were comprehensively searched from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases until July 2018. A total of 10 articles were available for the meta-analysis. There were minor benefits for muscle mass gain (0.33 kg; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62) and timed up and go performance (−0.30 s; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.17). Subgroup analyses regarding muscle mass and walk speed indicated that omega-3 fatty acid supplements at more than 2 g/day may contribute to muscle mass gain (0.67 kg; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.18) and improve walking speed, especially for those receiving more than 6 months of intervention (1.78 m/sec; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.17). Our findings provide some insight into the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on muscle mass, especially for those taking supplements at more than 2 g/day. We also observed that a long period of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may improve walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10065, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Emergency Department, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Li Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-P.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7361661 (ext. 3232)
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15
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Patel C, Meadowcroft MD, Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ. [Met 5]-enkephalin preserves diffusion metrics in EAE mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:246-252. [PMID: 33141073 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive neurological disorder that has few distinctive biomarkers associated with disease progression or response to therapy. This research investigated whether non-invasive imaging correlated with animal behavior and morphological indicators of disease in response to serum levels of [Met5]-enkephalin. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, adult female C57BL/6 J mice were randomized to receive daily injections of 0.1 mg/kg naltrexone (NTX) (= low dose naltrexone, LDN), 10 mg/kg Opioid Growth Factor (OGF) (chemically termed [Met5]-enkephalin) or saline beginning at the time of disease induction. Daily composite behavior scores were recorded over a 30-day period based on tail tone, gait, righting reflex, and limb strength. Prior to disease onset (day 7), and at peak disease (day 18), mice were imaged and tissues (blood and spinal cord) collected at day 30 for serum analyses of OGF and morphology. Serum OGF levels of EAE mice treated with saline were significantly reduced from baseline and from normal mice. Longitudinal cohort data demonstrated an increase in fractional anisotropy in all cohorts by day 18. There was a significant decrease in radial diffusivity in the saline group seen at day 18 whereas the axial diffusivity was not altered amongst treatment groups. Treatment with OGF or LDN resulted in mean diffusivity rates that were comparable to baseline (normal) levels at days 7 and 18. Luxol fast blue staining of the lumbar spinal cords demonstrated a 16 % reduction in myelin staining in saline treated EAE animals when compared to OGF and LDN treated EAE mice. Immunohistochemistry with Olig2 (pan-oligodendrocyte marker) and myelin basic protein (MBP) revealed that OGF and LDN treatment restored the area (%) of MBP and number of oligodendrocytes to that of normal spinal cord (∼75 %). Saline treated EAE mice had more demyelination and fewer oligodendrocytes than normal mice. Collectively, these data suggest that a panel of biomarkers including imaging, serum biomarker levels, and behavior correlate with progression of disease, and may begin to validate use of specific non-invasive markers for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Patel
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Mark D Meadowcroft
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Ian S Zagon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Patricia J McLaughlin
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Maas S, Festen DAM, Hilgenkamp TIM, Oppewal A. The association between medication use and gait in adults with intellectual disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64:793-803. [PMID: 32885545 PMCID: PMC7540034 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) often have polypharmacy and often use antipsychotics. Both polypharmacy and antipsychotics have a negative effect on gait in the general population, but this has not been studied in adults with ID. These negative effects may add to pre-existing gait disturbances in adults with ID and increase the risk for adverse health outcomes in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the difference in gait parameters between adults with ID with and without polypharmacy and between adults with ID using and not using antipsychotics. METHOD The gait parameters of 31 participants were collected with the GAITRite walkway, a pressure sensitive walkway measuring spatial and temporal gait parameters, in addition to information about personal characteristics, prescribed medication and presence of polypharmacy. RESULTS After adjustment for sex and body mass index, participants with polypharmacy had a significantly shorter step length [polypharmacy B (SE) = -0.079 (0.034), P = 0.03], shorter stride length [polypharmacy B (SE) = -0.157 (0.069), P = 0.03] and longer double support time [polypharmacy B (SE) = 0.0004 (0.0001), P = 0.047]. Participants using antipsychotics had a significantly longer double support time [antipsychotic use B (SE) = 0.0003 (0.0002), P = 0.019]. CONCLUSION This study showed for the first time that both polypharmacy and using antipsychotics are associated with gait in adults with ID. The differences seem to resemble a more cautious gait. Further investigation with larger study samples, additional medication types and dosages are needed to acquire more insight in this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Maas
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General PracticeErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - D. A. M. Festen
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General PracticeErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - T. I. M. Hilgenkamp
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General PracticeErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA
| | - A. Oppewal
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General PracticeErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Schumacher J, Cole RC, DeGraves FJ, Cofield LG. Comparison of speed of onset and analgesic effect of 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride deposited within or outside the neurovascular bundle at the level of the proximal sesamoid bones in horses with naturally occurring forefoot-related lameness. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:394-399. [PMID: 32343179 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.5.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the speed of onset and analgesic effect of mepivacaine deposited within or immediately outside the neurovascular bundle at the base of the proximal sesamoid bones in horses. ANIMALS 6 horses with naturally occurring forefoot-related lameness. PROCEDURES In a crossover study design, horses were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 treatments first, with the second treatment administered 3 to 7 days later. Trotting gait was analyzed with an inertial sensor-based motion analysis system immediately before treatment to determine degree of lameness. Afterward, ultrasound guidance was used to inject 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride around the palmar digital nerves of the affected forelimb at the level of the base of the proximal sesamoid bones either within the subcircumneural space or outside the circumneural sheath. After injection, gait was reevaluated at 5-minute intervals for 45 minutes. RESULTS Mepivacaine deposition outside the circumneural sheath did not resolve lameness in any horse; for 3 horses, the mean time to 70% reduction of initial vertical head movement was 13.3 minutes, and the remaining 3 horses had no such reduction at any point. Mepivacaine deposition within the subcircumneural space resulted in a mean time to 70% reduction of initial vertical head movement of 6.7 minutes and mean time to resolution of lameness of 21.7 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that when peripheral nerves of horses lie within a sheath, local anesthetic solution should be deposited within the sheath for an effective nerve block. If local anesthetic solution is deposited outside the sheath, the nerve block may yield erroneous results.
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18
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Chow SKH, Chim YN, Cheng KYK, Ho CY, Ho WT, Cheng KCC, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Elastic-band resistance exercise or vibration treatment in combination with hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplement for management of sarcopenia in older people: a study protocol for a single-blinded randomised controlled trial in Hong Kong. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034921. [PMID: 32606057 PMCID: PMC7328808 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterised by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with risks of adverse outcomes and becomes more prevalent due to ageing population. Elastic-band exercise, vibration treatment and hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation were previously proven to have positive effects on the control of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of elastic-band exercise or vibration treatment with HMB supplementation in managing sarcopenia. Our findings will provide a safe and efficient strategy to mitigate the progression of sarcopenia in older people and contribute to higher quality of life as well as improved long-term health outcomes of elderly people. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this single-blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT), subjects will be screened for sarcopenia based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) definition and 144 sarcopenic subjects aged 65 or above will be recruited. This RCT will have three groups evaluated at two time points to measure changes over 3 months-the control and the groups with combined HMB supplement and elastic-band resistance exercise or vibration treatment. Changes in muscle strength in lower extremity will be the primary outcome. Muscle strength in the upper extremity, gait speed, muscle mass (based on AWGS definition), functional performance in terms of balancing ability and time-up-and-go test and quality of life will be taken as secondary outcomes. In addition, each participant's daily activity will be monitored by a wrist-worn activity tracker. Repeated-measures analysis of variance will be performed to compare within-subject changes between control and treatment groups at two time points of pretreatments and post-treatments. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The procedures have been approved by the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Management Office (Ref. CREC 2018.602) and conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences and workshops. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04028206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Ning Chim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Yan Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Tung Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth Chik-Chee Cheng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald Man-Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Boone LH, DeGraves FJ, Klein CE, Cole RC, Schumacher J. Effect of 3% chloroprocaine hydrochloride when used for median and ulnar regional nerve blocks in lame horses. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:13-16. [PMID: 31887088 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess onset of analgesia for 3% chloroprocaine hydrochloride and 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride when used for median and ulnar nerve blocks in lame horses. ANIMALS 6 naturally lame horses. PROCEDURES A crossover experiment was conducted. Horses were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (3% chloroprocaine or 2% mepivacaine first). Median and ulnar nerve blocks were performed in the lame limb with the assigned treatment. Lameness was objectively evaluated before treatment administration and at various points for 120 minutes after treatment with a wireless inertial sensor-based motion analysis system. Following a 7-day washout period, horses then received the other treatment and lameness evaluations were repeated. RESULTS Median and ulnar nerve blocks performed with 3% chloroprocaine resulted in more consistent, rapid, and profound amelioration of lameness than did blocks performed with 2% mepivacaine. Lameness decreased more between 20 and 40 minutes after injection when 3% chloroprocaine was used than when 2% mepivacaine was used. Complete resolution of lameness was detected a mean of 9 minutes after injection when median and ulnar nerve blocks were performed with 3% chloroprocaine and a mean of 28 minutes after injection when performed with 2% mepivacaine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE 3% chloroprocaine had a more rapid onset and provided better analgesia for median and ulnar nerve blocks in horses with naturally occurring lameness, compared with 2% mepivacaine. These favorable properties suggest that 3% chloroprocaine would be useful for performance of median and ulnar regional nerve blocks during complicated lameness evaluations.
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Kim SK, Rha DW, Park ES. Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections Impact Hamstring Muscles and Gait Parameters in Children with Flexed Knee Gait. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030145. [PMID: 32120947 PMCID: PMC7150820 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection into the medial hamstring can improve gait kinematics and muscle-tendon length in spastic cerebral palsy (CP) with a flexed knee gait (FKG). Twenty-nine children with spastic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System I–III) with FKG were recruited for this prospective study. BoNT-A was injected into the semitendinosus and semimembranosus (SM) muscles under ultrasonography guidance. Assessments included Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), 3-dimensional computerized gait analysis, calculated SM muscle-tendon length and lengthening velocity during gait using musculoskeletal modeling at baseline, 4 and 16 weeks after the injection. Compared to baseline data, significant improvements in GMFM, MAS, and MTS were demonstrated at weeks 4 and 16, and also a significant increase in maximum knee extension during the stance phase was observed at week 4. In addition, the mean lengthening velocity during the swing phase was increased at week 16 without a change in the SM muscle length. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in anterior pelvic tilt at week 4, compared to baseline data. The significant decrease in hip internal rotation after injection was observed only in children with excessive hip internal rotation at initial contact before injection. BoNT-A injection into hamstrings leads to a significant increase in knee extension and anterior pelvic tilt with an increase in lengthening velocity of SM in spastic CP with FKG.
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Hesse S, Kutschenko A, Bryl B, Deutschland M, Liebetanz D. Therapeutic effects of Tetanus neurotoxin in spinal cord injury: a case series on four dogs. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2020; 6:9. [PMID: 32066656 PMCID: PMC7026047 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-020-0258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case series on four dogs. OBJECTIVES To determine the alleviation of motor symptoms in spinal cord injury (SCI) by tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT). SETTING Different Berlin veterinary clinics, Germany. METHODS We report on the effect of intramuscular injections of low-dose TeNT into paretic hind limb muscles 2-157 weeks after SCI due to lumbar disc herniation in a clinical case series on four dogs. All dogs underwent unsuccessful or incomplete surgical decompression prior to TeNT treatment. TeNT was injected on a compassionate basis. Stance, gait ability and the diameter of the rectus femoris muscle were assessed as parameters. RESULTS All four dogs improved their stance and three of these dogs improved in gait at 4 and 6 weeks after TeNT injections without evidence of side effects or spreading of TeNT effects. At the same time, the size of the rectus femoris muscle diameter increased considerably as compared with baseline (baseline: 100%; 4 weeks: 148.7% ± 10.9%; 6 weeks: 137.1% ± 7.9%). CONCLUSIONS Facilitation of α-motor neurons by TeNT injections into paretic hind limb muscles of four dogs improved standing and/or gait abilities and partly reversed muscle atrophy after SCI. The absence of generalized or painful muscle spasms supports the safety of low-dose TeNT. Therefore, TeNT might evolve as a promising therapeutic option for muscle paresis of central origin, e.g. in individuals with SCI, stroke or multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hesse
- Neurological Department, Medical Park Berlin Humboldtmühle, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Kutschenko
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Beatrice Bryl
- Neurological Department, Medical Park Berlin Humboldtmühle, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
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Zhang M, Li W, Hu L, Chen L, Yang L, Zhang T, Shen H, Peng Y, Gao S, Chen Z, Wang T, Zhao Z. Oral propranolol for treatment of the subgroups of essential tremor: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032096. [PMID: 31948986 PMCID: PMC7044890 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Essential tremor (ET), a tremor disorder, is one of the most common movement disorders. Only oral drugs (propranolol, primidone, topiramate, etc)are still the first-line treatment recommended by the Food and Drug Administration. Propranolol is thought to potentially reduce upper limb action tremor. However, it has a poor effect on axial tremor symptoms, such as essential head tremor and voice tremor. Studies have shown that tremor severity develops over time, possibly producing other clinical tremors and neurological soft signs (such as memory loss, gait abnormalities, balance disorders, etc), which further increases the difficulty of treating tremors. However, some recent studies provide emerging evidence for oral propranolol on subgroups of ET, which is based on the anatomical distribution of ET (lower extremities, head, sound, tongue, etc). This systematic review aims to synthesise these new data to improve the efficacy of propranolol in ET subgroups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search for randomised controlled trials from the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, UptoDate and PEDro databases from inception to June 2019. All data will be extracted independently by two reviewers and compared at the end of the review. The two reviewers will screen the study quality, and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool in Review Manager (RevMan) V.5.3.3 will be used to evaluate risk of bias. Our primary outcome will be the functional disability component related to tremors, as measured by the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale subscales B and C. Secondary outcomes will include severity of tremors and quality of life. Narrative and meta-analytical syntheses are planned. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Published aggregated data will be used in this review analysis and therefore no ethical approval is required. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, and proliferation activities will include diverse social stakeholders, non-academic groups and patients. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018112580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lan Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shijun Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Bentley A, Porter L, Van Blois L, Van Wyk B, Vuong CN, Tellez-Isaias G, Shafer D, Tucker Z, Fraley SM, Hargis BM, Fraley GS. A feed restriction milieu for Pekin meat ducks that may improve gait characteristics but also affects gut leakiness. Poult Sci 2020; 99:39-47. [PMID: 32416824 PMCID: PMC7587728 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that a 15% feed restriction (FR) during the first 2 wk after hatch could improve gait in Pekin meat ducks, but did result in reduced breast mass. We hypothesized that feed restriction after day 5 following muscle satellite cell development would allow the full growth of the breast meat. To accomplish this goal, 300 1-day-old ducklings (Maple Leaf Farms Inc.) were randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 groups (n = 4 pens, 25 ducks per pen): (1) Control group fed to ad libitum; (2) 85% daily feed intake from days 1 to 14 (FR 85% 1-14); 85% daily feed intake from days 5 to 14 (FR 85% 5-14). All ducks were vaccinated with inactivated Salmonella enteritidis on day 14 and boosted on day 26. The FR 85% 5-14 did show similar production standards to controls, and improved gait characteristics (P < 0.05). To determine if the partial feed restriction would have an impact on intestinal epithelial tight junction integrity, we treated ducks on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 with 8.32 mg/kg FITC-d in water per os and blood samples were obtained via the tibial vein 1 h later. Serum samples were analyzed for presence and quantification of FITC-d. Feed restriction elicited a significant increase in FITC-d permeability at all points of evaluation. Anti-S. enteritidis specific IgY responses were assessed by ELISA from serum collected at 14 D, 28 D, and 35 D. Although all ducks showed an increase humoral immune response to the S. enteritidis, both feed restricted groups showed reduced IgY production compared to ad lib controls. Our data suggest that although the FR 5-14 feed restriction paradigm may reduce gait abnormalities without affecting production rates, some challenges exist due to increased gut leakiness or decreased acquired immune activity. Future studies will look at altering the feed restriction milieu to ameliorate these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bentley
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - L Porter
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - L Van Blois
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - B Van Wyk
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - C N Vuong
- Poultry Health Laboratory & Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK 72701, USA
| | - G Tellez-Isaias
- Poultry Health Laboratory & Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK 72701, USA
| | - D Shafer
- Maple Leaf Farms, Inc. Leesburg, Indiana 46538, USA
| | - Z Tucker
- Maple Leaf Farms, Inc. Leesburg, Indiana 46538, USA
| | - S M Fraley
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA; South Crossing Veterinary Center, Caledonia, MI 49316, USA
| | - B M Hargis
- Poultry Health Laboratory & Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK 72701, USA
| | - G S Fraley
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA.
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Beauchet O, Launay CP, Galery K, Vilcocq C, Dontot-Payen F, Rousseau B, Benoit V, Allali G. Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Fortified Yogurts on Gait, Cognitive Performances, and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Older Community-Dwelling Females: Results from the GAit, MEmory, Dietary and Vitamin D (GAME-D2) Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122880. [PMID: 31779179 PMCID: PMC6950501 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D3 fortified food may improve serum vitamin D level, suggesting that the prevention of adverse consequences of hypovitaminosis D is possible with food fortification. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to examine the effects of vitamin D and calcium fortified yogurt on spatiotemporal gait parameters, cognitive performance, handgrip strength, and serum 25OHD levels in healthy older females. Methods: Forty older community-dwelling females were recruited in a single-blind, randomized, controlled, superiority clinical trial in two parallel groups (20 participants in the intervention group and 20 in the control group) with intent-to-treat. The intervention group took fortified yogurts daily (i.e., 400 UI of vitamin D3 and 800 mg calcium) for 3 months. The non-fortified yogurts contained similar proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as a lower dose of calcium (300 mg) and no vitamin D3 supplementation. Spatiotemporal gait parameters (mean value and coefficient of variation) were assessed using a computerized walkway. Handgrip strength was measured with hydraulic dynamometers. Cognitive performances, including global cognitive functioning assessed with the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were recorded. All the outcomes were assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up. The primary outcome was the coefficient of variation of stride time. Results: The intervention group maintained its global cognitive performance and serum 25OHD concentrations, whereas these outcomes decreased (i.e., worst performance) in the control group. The changes in the MMSE score (p = 0.022) and serum 25OHD concentrations were different (p ≤ 0.001) with better values reported in the intervention group compared to the control group. There was no significant change in gait parameters (p ≥ 0.518) and handgrip strength (p ≥ 0.600). Conclusions: Fortified yogurts with vitamin D (i.e., 200 IU) and calcium (i.e., 400 mg) twice a day maintained global cognitive performance and vitamin D status in older females, but not gait performances, signifying that they mainly prevent hypovitaminosis D-related extra-skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (C.P.L.); (K.G.); (C.V.)
- Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Centre of Excellence on Longevity of McGill Integrated University Health Network, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-340-8222; Fax: +1-514-340-7547
| | - Cyrille P. Launay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (C.P.L.); (K.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Kevin Galery
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (C.P.L.); (K.G.); (C.V.)
- Centre of Excellence on Longevity of McGill Integrated University Health Network, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Christine Vilcocq
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (C.P.L.); (K.G.); (C.V.)
- Centre of Excellence on Longevity of McGill Integrated University Health Network, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Flore Dontot-Payen
- Nutrition & Regulatory Affairs, Yoplait SAS, 92641 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (F.D.-P.)
| | - Brigitte Rousseau
- Nutrition & Regulatory Affairs, Yoplait SAS, 92641 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; (F.D.-P.)
- Regulatory Affairs, Les Maîtres Laitiers du Cotentin, 50260 Sottevast, France
| | - Valérie Benoit
- The Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, MN 55427, USA;
| | - Gilles Allali
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1205 Genève, Switzerland;
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Moorman VJ, Bass L, King MR. Evaluation of the effects of commonly used α 2-adrenergic receptor agonists alone and in combination with butorphanol tartrate on objective measurements of lameness in horses. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:868-877. [PMID: 31449445 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.9.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of 3 α2-adrenergic receptor agonists (α2-ARAs), alone or in combination with butorphanol tartrate, on objective measurements of lameness in horses. ANIMALS 17 adult polo horses with naturally occurring forelimb or hind limb lameness (or both). PROCEDURES In a crossover design, each horse received each protocol (saline [0.09% NaCl] solution [2 mL, IV] or xylazine hydrochloride [0.33 mg/kg, IV], detomidine hydrochloride [0.007 mg/kg, IV], or romifidine hydrochloride [0.033 mg/kg, IV] alone or in combination with butorphanol [0.007 mg/kg, IV]) in random order, with a washout period (≥ 7 days) between protocols. Horses were assessed immediately prior to (baseline) and 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 minutes after administration of each protocol for degree of sedation, mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), and objective lameness measurements. RESULTS Compared with baseline values, sedation scores and MNTs were significantly higher at all evaluated time points following administration of all sedation protocols except xylazine alone; following administration of xylazine alone, sedation scores and MNTs were significantly higher at ≤ 30 minutes and ≤ 20 minutes, respectively. Significant differences in objective forelimb lameness measurements were noted after administration of the 3 α2-ARA-butorphanol combinations. Most significant differences in objective measurements of hind limb lameness were detected after administration of detomidine or romifidine, alone or in combination with butorphanol. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the study horses, xylazine alone had the least impact on objective lameness measurements. The administration of α2-ARAs, particularly detomidine or romifidine, alone or in combination with butorphanol, resulted in small but significant effects on objective lameness measurements.
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Tsang AR, Rajakumar N, Jog MS. Botulinum toxin A injection into the entopeduncular nucleus improves dynamic locomotory parameters in hemiparkinsonian rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223450. [PMID: 31584986 PMCID: PMC6777827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is associated with hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), contributing to motor and gait disturbances. Although deep brain stimulation of the STN alleviates certain motor dysfunction, its specific effect on gait abnormalities remains controversial. This study investigated the long-term changes in locomotion following direct infusions of botulinum toxin-A into the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi) to suppress the flow of information from the STN to the GPi in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Static and dynamic gait parameters were quantified using a CatWalk apparatus. Interestingly, botulinum toxin-A at 0.5 ng significantly reduced only the dynamic gait parameters of hemiparkinsonian rats at 1 week and 1 month post-infusion, while static gait parameters did not change. This study offers new insights into the complexity of basal ganglia in locomotor control and shows the potential of central infusion of botulinum toxin-A as a novel intervention in the study of experimental hemiparkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna R. Tsang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nagalingam Rajakumar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandar S. Jog
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Fairbairn P, Tsofliou F, Johnson A, Dyall SC. Combining a high DHA multi-nutrient supplement with aerobic exercise: Protocol for a randomised controlled study assessing mobility and cognitive function in older women. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 143:21-30. [PMID: 30975379 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a complex interplay between cognition and gait in older people, with declines in gait speed coexisting with, or preceding cognitive decline. Omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, vitamin E, phosphatidylserine, and Ginkgo Biloba show promise in preserving mobility and cognitive function in older adults. Exercise benefits mobility and there is evidence suggesting positive interactions between exercise and omega-3 fatty acids on physical and cognitive function in older adults. Non-frail or pre-frail females aged ≥60 years are included in a randomized placebo controlled study. Intervention groups are: high DHA multi-nutrient supplement and exercise, placebo supplement and exercise, high DHA multi-nutrient supplement, and placebo supplement. Dietary supplementation is 24 weeks. The exercise intervention, two cycle ergometer classes per week, is for the final 12 weeks. The primary outcome is habitual walking speed, secondary outcomes include gait variables under single and dual task, five times sit to stand, verbal and spatial memory, executive function, interference control and health related quality of life. Blood fatty acids, serum homocysteine, dietary intake, physical activity, and verbal intelligence are measured to assess compliance and control for confounding factors. The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03228550).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fairbairn
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cognition and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Centre, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Simon C Dyall
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, U.K.
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Xu Y, Tian NX, Bai QY, Chen Q, Sun XH, Wang Y. Gait Assessment of Pain and Analgesics: Comparison of the DigiGait™ and CatWalk™ Gait Imaging Systems. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:401-418. [PMID: 30659524 PMCID: PMC6527535 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-00331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of pain requires measurements of nociceptive sensitivity and other pain-related behaviors. Recent studies have indicated the superiority of gait analysis over traditional evaluations (e.g., skin sensitivity and sciatic function index [SFI]) in detecting subtle improvements and deteriorations in animal models. Here, pain-related gait parameters, whose criteria include (1) alteration in pain models, (2) correlation with nociceptive threshold, and (3) normalization by analgesics, were identified in representative models of neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury: coordination data) and inflammatory pain (intraplantar complete Freund’s adjuvant: both coordination and intensity data) in the DigiGait™ and CatWalk™ systems. DigiGait™ had advantages in fixed speed (controlled by treadmill) and dynamic SFI, while CatWalk™ excelled in intrinsic velocity, intensity data, and high-quality 3D images. Insights into the applicability of each system may provide guidance for selecting the appropriate gait imaging system for different animal models and optimization for future pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na-Xi Tian
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing-Yang Bai
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Almeida Paz ICDL, Almeida ICDL, Milbradt EL, Caldara FR, Tse MLP. Effects of analgesic and noise stimulus in gait score assessment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208827. [PMID: 30605469 PMCID: PMC6317777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was carried out aiming to assess walking manner and speed of broiler chickens with different gait scores (GS), with or without sound stimulus, and with or without administration of analgesic. To that end, 1,000 birds were evaluated by the GS test and 74 were selected for walking speed analyses. Weight at slaughter and breast yield values were obtained for comparisons. Walking speed analyses, both with and without analgesic and with and without stimulus were performed. Non-parametric statistics was applied to the GS data that did not meet the assumptions of the statistical model (normality and homogenicity) using Fisher’s exact test according to the data behavior (P<0.05). The analyses of data on speed, weight at slaughter, and breast yield were evaluated by ANOVA and compared by Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Walking speed differed after acoustic stimulus with or without administration of metamizole sodium. Body weight was also different in each GS. It is thus concluded that the birds may feel discomfort when their GS is higher than 0, but that such discomfort may be suppressed when they are stimulated to walk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibiara Correia de Lima Almeida Paz
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ianê Correia de Lima Almeida
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisane Lenita Milbradt
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara
- School of Agrarian Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Livio Panhoza Tse
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moriwaki M, Wakabayashi H, Sakata K, Domen K. The Effect of Branched Chain Amino Acids-Enriched Nutritional Supplements on Activities of Daily Living and Muscle Mass in Inpatients with Gait Impairments: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:348-353. [PMID: 30932133 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of continuous intervention with branched chain amino acids-enriched nutritional supplements from the acute phase to convalescent rehabilitation wards in inpatients with gait impairments. DESIGN Open-label, randomized, parallel-group comparison study (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID: UMIN000018640). SETTING Acute care and convalescent rehabilitation wards. PARTICIPANTS We studied 80 patients undergoing stand/gait training. INTERVENTIONS Participants in the intervention group (RJ group) received nutritional supplements (jelly foods comprising 2500 mg BCAA and 20 IU vitamin D) twice a day until hospital discharge. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was the motor components of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM-m), and the secondary outcome was skeletal muscle mass index. RESULTS Analyses were conducted on 55 patients who were able to perform stand/gait training continuously from the acute until the recovery phases. FIM-m was significantly elevated in the RJ group and the control group , but no difference was noted between the two groups. Only the RJ group showed a significant increase in skeletal muscle mass index, and the amount of variation was significantly different between the two groups (the control group decreased an average of 2.2% and the RJ group increased an average of 4.3%; P = 0.014). A significant decrease in body weight was found only in the control group (P = 0.084). CONCLUSIONS Nutritional interventions using branched chain amino acids (BCAA)-enriched nutritional supplements demonstrated no significant difference in activities of daily living; however, an increase in skeletal muscle mass was noted. Skeletal muscle mass and body weight differed significantly between the two groups, and BCAA-enriched nutritional supplements intake in acute and convalescent rehabilitation wards may be effective for the prevention of malnutrition and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moriwaki
- Misa Moriwaki MD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Midorigaoka Hospital, 3-13-1 Makami-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan 569-1121, Tel.: +81-72-681-5717, Fax: +81-72-681-5796, E-mail:
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Alvarez AV, Schumacher J, DeGraves FJ. Effect of the addition of epinephrine to a lidocaine solution on the efficacy and duration of palmar digital nerve blocks in horses with naturally occurring forefoot lameness. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:1028-1034. [PMID: 30256149 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.10.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether addition of epinephrine to a lidocaine solution would prolong and potentiate the efficacy of a palmar digital nerve block (PDNB) in horses. ANIMALS 6 adult horses with naturally occurring forefoot lameness. PROCEDURES Initially, a PDNB with a 2% lidocaine solution was performed on the affected foot of each horse. Three days later, the PDNB was repeated with a 1% lidocaine solution or a 1% lidocaine solution containing epinephrine (dilution, 1:200,000). After another 3-day washout period, the PDNB was repeated with the treatment opposite that administered for the second PDNB. Gait was analyzed with a computerized lameness analysis system and heart rate and extent of skin sensation between the heel bulbs of the blocked foot were evaluated at predetermined times for 2 hours after each PDNB. RESULTS Efficacy and duration of the PDNB did not differ significantly between the 2% and 1% lidocaine treatments. The addition of epinephrine to the 1% lidocaine solution improved the efficacy and prolonged the duration of the PDNB. It also resulted in a positive correlation between skin desensitization and amelioration of lameness. Median heart rate remained unchanged throughout the observation period for all 3 treatments. No adverse effects associated with the PDNBs were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Addition of epinephrine (dilution, 1:200,000) to a 1% lidocaine solution improved the efficacy and prolonged the duration of a PDNB in horses with naturally occurring lameness and might be clinically useful for lameness evaluations and standing surgery of the forefoot of horses.
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Pelicioni PHS, Brodie MA, Latt MD, Menant JC, Menz HB, Fung VSC, Lord SR. Head and trunk stability during gait before and after levodopa intake in Parkinson's disease subtypes. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:78-85. [PMID: 30017993 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes; the latter group having more impaired gait and increased fall risk. While there is some evidence that anti-parkinsonian medication, levodopa, might not improve balance and gait control or reduce fall risk in the PIGD subtype, it is unclear whether the levodopa dosage intake affects gait stability. To address these issues, this study used accelerometry to compare gait stability: (i) during before and after levodopa intake between non-PIGD and PIGD subtypes; (ii) between individuals who took less or >750 mg of levodopa/day. METHODS In 15 non-PIGD (Combination of 13 TD patients and 2 classified as indeterminate subtype) and 23 PIGD participants of similar mean (SD) age ((63.0 (7.6) versus 62.6 (10.0) years, respectively)) and disease-duration (8.9 (8.9) versus 11.3 (4.6) years, respectively), head and trunk stability during gait was examined using anteroposterior, vertical and mediolateral acceleration harmonic ratios (HRs). Participants were assessed before and after a levodopa dose, during typical "off" and "on" periods, respectively. RESULTS Two-way analyses of variance (group × medication status) revealed that compared to the non-PIGD subgroup, the PIGD subgroup showed significantly worse head stability (lower anteroposterior HR) in the "off" state, and significantly worse pelvis stability (significantly lower mediolateral and vertical HRs) in the "on" state (p < 0.05 for both). Levodopa was effective in treating most of the disease-related impairments (not bradykinesia) in both groups, (p < 0.05) but improved gait stability (lowered pelvis mediolateral and vertical HRs) only in people with the non-PIGD subtype (p < 0.05) and those taking <750 mg of levodopa/day (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS People with the PD PIGD subtype exhibit impaired gait stability that is not improved and frequently worsened by levodopa. New non-pharmaceutical approaches, technological (e.g. cueing) or exercise-based (e.g. balance training) are required to improve or compensate for mediolateral gait instability in this subtype and ultimately prevent falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H S Pelicioni
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker street, Randwick 2031, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health and Community and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Samuels Avenue, Kensington, 2033 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brodie
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker street, Randwick 2031, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark D Latt
- Department of Aged Care, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 50 Missenden road, Camperdown, 2050 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jasmine C Menant
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker street, Randwick 2031, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health and Community and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Samuels Avenue, Kensington, 2033 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, 1300 La Trobe, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury road and Darcy road, Westmead, 2145, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker street, Randwick 2031, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health and Community and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Samuels Avenue, Kensington, 2033 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Liu ZK, Ng CF, Shiu HT, Wong HL, Chin WC, Zhang JF, Lam PK, Poon WS, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Ko CH. Neuroprotective effect of Da Chuanxiong Formula against cognitive and motor deficits in a rat controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 217:11-22. [PMID: 29425850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Da Chuanxiong Formula (DCXF) is one of the famous herb pairs that contains dried rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and Gastrodia elata Bl. in the mass ratio of 4:1. This classic representative traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used to treat brain diseases like headache and migraine caused by blood stasis and wind pathogen. However, the therapeutic effect of DCXF on traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been reported yet. AIM OF STUDY The present study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of DCXF and its underlying mechanisms in the controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced TBI rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham, TBI control, 1X DCXF (520.6 mg/kg) and 5X DCXF (2603.0 mg/kg). Two treatment groups (1X and 5X DCXF) were intragastrically administered daily for 7 days before CCI-induced TBI and then DCXF treatments were continued post-TBI until the animal behavioral tests, including Morris water maze test, acceleration rotarod motor test and CatWalk quantitative gait analysis test, were done. The brain water content and blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity were measured by wet-dry weight method and Evans blue method, respectively. The number of neuron cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), GFAP positive cells (astrocyte) as well as Iba-1 positive cells (microglia) were determined by histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Treatment with DCXF significantly improved the learning ability and memory retention in Morris water maze test, and remarkably enhanced motor performances in acceleration rotarod motor test and catwalk quantitative gait analysis test after TBI. Moreover, DCXF treatment was able to reduce BBB permeability, brain edema, microglia and astrocyte activation, improve the proliferation of NSCs and decrease neurons loss in the brain with TBI. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that DCXF treatment could decrease BBB leakage and brain edema, reduce neuron loss, microglia and astrocyte activation, and increase NSCs proliferation, which may contribute to the cognitive and motor protection of DCXF in the TBI rats. It is the first time to provide potentially underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of DCXF on TBI-induced brain damage and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ke Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chun-Fai Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hoi-Ting Shiu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hing-Lok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Ching Chin
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ping-Kuen Lam
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Jehu DA, Cantù H, Hill A, Paquette C, Côté JN, Nantel J. Medication and trial duration influence postural and pointing parameters during a standing repetitive pointing task in individuals with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195322. [PMID: 29621320 PMCID: PMC5886485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of levodopa medication on the performance of a repetitive pointing task while standing, and to investigate the optimal trial duration in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, and older adults. Seventeen individuals with Parkinson’s disease (5 freezers) and 9 older adults stood on force platforms for 30 s and 120 s while performing a bilateral repetitive pointing task, tracked by motion capture. Participants with Parkinson’s disease were assessed on and off medication and older adults were also assessed on separate days. The main findings were that: 1) on medication, participants with Parkinson’s exhibited greater center of pressure root mean square in the medial-lateral direction, greater velocity in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions, and greater range in the medial-lateral direction than off medication; 2) longer trial durations resulted in greater center of pressure range in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions and greater coefficient of variation in finger pointing on the least affected side; 3) Parkinson’s participants exhibited larger range in the medial-lateral direction compared to older adults; 4) off medication, freezers presented with less range and root mean square in the anterior-posterior direction than non-freezers; and 5) a correlation emerged between the freezing of gait questionnaire and pointing asymmetry and the coefficient of variation of pointing on the most affected side. Therefore, Parkinson’s medication may increase instability during a repetitive pointing task. Longer trials may provide a better depiction of sway by discriminating between those with and without neurological impairment. Individuals with Parkinson’s were less stable than older adults, supporting that they are at a greater risk for falls. The greater restrictive postural strategy in freezers compared to non-freezers is likely a factor that augments fall-risk. Lastly, the link between freezing of gait and upper-limb movement indicates that freezing may manifest first in the lower-limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Jehu
- University of Ottawa, School of Human Kinetics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiram Cantù
- McGill University, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Allen Hill
- University of Ottawa, School of Human Kinetics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Paquette
- McGill University, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie N. Côté
- McGill University, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Nantel
- University of Ottawa, School of Human Kinetics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Morita Y, Ito H, Torii M, Hanai A, Furu M, Hashimoto M, Tanaka M, Azukizawa M, Arai H, Mimori T, Matsuda S. Factors affecting walking ability in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195059. [PMID: 29584787 PMCID: PMC5870996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the factors associated with gait parameters in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The gait analysis was performed in a large cohort of RA patients, and three basic gait parameters (step length, cadence and gait speed) were calculated. Clinical and laboratory data were also collected. Factors associated with gait parameters were analyzed using multivariable linear regression in the three models with forced entry. Then, we divided those patients with Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ) scores ≤ 0.5 into two groups according to their gait speed that were compared to identify the characteristics of patients with a good HAQ score but poor walking ability. Results A total of 318 female patients were analyzed. Knee extension strength had the strongest positive association with all three gait parameters (P < 0.0001), while methotrexate use was also positively associated with all three gait parameters (step length: P < 0.05, cadence: P < 0.05 in model 1 and 2; P < 0.01 in model 3, gait speed: P < 0.01). The disease activity score was negatively associated with step length and gait speed (step length, gait speed: P < 0.01 in model 1 and 2; P < 0.05 in model 3). 26% of patients with good HAQ scores showed slow gait speed. Patients with good HAQ scores and slow gait speed had higher disease activity scores (P < 0.05) and lower knee extension strength (P < 0.0001) than those with good HAQ scores and normal gait speed. Conclusions High knee extension strength, low disease activity and administration of methotrexate were strongly associated with good walking ability in female patients with RA. And, even if patients showed good HAQ scores, about quarter of those patients had poor walking ability, and they showed higher disease activity, lower knee extension strength, compared to the patients with normal gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Morita
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mie Torii
- The Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanai
- The Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Furu
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- The Department of the Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- The Department of the Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- The Department of the Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Azukizawa
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- The Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Lingenberg A, Laidet M, Armand S, Herrmann FR, Assal F, Lalive PH, Allali G. Gait stability in patients treated by fingolimod: A longitudinal pilot study on 9 patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2017; 383:105-107. [PMID: 29246593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Lingenberg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Laidet
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Armand
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Assal
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Allali
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA.
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Tarantini S, Yabluchanksiy A, Fülöp GA, Hertelendy P, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Kiss T, Bagwell JM, O'Connor D, Farkas E, Sorond F, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Pharmacologically induced impairment of neurovascular coupling responses alters gait coordination in mice. GeroScience 2017; 39:601-614. [PMID: 29243191 PMCID: PMC5745218 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is correlative evidence that impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, in addition to promoting cognitive impairment, is also associated with alterations in gait and development of falls in elderly people. CBF is adjusted to neuronal activity via neurovascular coupling (NVC) and this mechanism becomes progressively impaired with age. To establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between impaired NVC and gait abnormalities, we induced neurovascular uncoupling pharmacologically in young C57BL/6 mice by inhibiting the synthesis of vasodilator mediators involved in NVC. Treatment of mice with the epoxygenase inhibitor MSPPOH, the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, and the COX inhibitor indomethacin significantly decreased NVC mimicking the aging phenotype. Pharmacologically induced neurovascular uncoupling significantly decreased the dynamic gait parameter duty cycle, altered footfall patterns, and significantly increased phase dispersion, indicating impaired interlimb coordination. Impaired NVC also tended to increase gait variability. Thus, selective experimental disruption of NVC causes subclinical gait abnormalities, supporting the importance of CBF in both cognitive function and gait regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanksiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gábor A Fülöp
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Hertelendy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan M Bagwell
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Malik J, Karan M, Dogra R. Ameliorating effect of Celastrus paniculatus standardized extract and its fractions on 3-nitropropionic acid induced neuronal damage in rats: possible antioxidant mechanism. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:980-990. [PMID: 28164735 PMCID: PMC6130694 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Celastrus paniculatus Wild. (Celasteraceae) (CP) is a well-known Ayurvedic 'Medhya Rasayana' (nervine tonic), used extensively as a neuro-protective and memory enhancer, and in different central nervous system disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of CP against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced Huntington's disease (HD) like symptoms in Wistar male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract of CP seeds (CPEE), prepared by maceration, was standardized on the basis of linoleic acid content (6.42%) using thin layer chromatography densitometric analysis. Protective effect of CPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg) and its various fractions, viz., petroleum ether (40 mg/kg), ethyl acetate (2.5 mg/kg), n-butanol (7 mg/kg) and aqueous (18 mg/kg), administered orally for 20 days, against 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days) was assessed by their effect on body weight, locomotor activity, grip strength, gait pattern and cognitive dysfunction and biochemical parameters for oxidative damage in the striatum and cortex regions of the brain. RESULTS CPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg) treated animals exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in behavioural and oxidative stress parameters in comparison to only 3-NP treated animals. Amongst various tested fractions of CPEE, aqueous fraction (AF) at 18 mg/kg exhibited maximum reversal of 3-NP induced behavioural and biochemical alterations, and was therefore also tested at 9 and 36 mg/kg. CPEE (100 mg/kg) and AF (36 mg/kg) exhibited maximum and significant (p < 0.05) attenuation of 3-NP induced alterations in comparison to 3-NP treated rats. CONCLUSIONS CPEE has a protective action against 3-NP induced HD like symptoms due to its strong antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rachna Dogra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Pingel J, Nielsen MS, Lauridsen T, Rix K, Bech M, Alkjaer T, Andersen IT, Nielsen JB, Feidenhansl R. Injection of high dose botulinum-toxin A leads to impaired skeletal muscle function and damage of the fibrilar and non-fibrilar structures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14746. [PMID: 29116170 PMCID: PMC5677119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum-toxin A (BoNT/A) is used for a wide range of conditions. Intramuscular administration of BoNT/A inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction from presynaptic motor neurons causing muscle-paralysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high dose intramuscular BoNT/A injections (6 UI = 60 pg) on muscle tissue. The gait pattern of the rats was significantly affected 3 weeks after BoNT/A injection. The ankle joint rotated externally, the rats became flat footed, and the stride length decreased after BoNT/A injection. Additionally, there was clear evidence of microstructural changes on the tissue level by as evidenced by 3D imaging of the muscles by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM). Both the fibrillar and the non-fibrillar tissues were affected. The volume fraction of fibrillary tissue was reduced significantly and the non-fibrillar tissue increased. This was accompanied by a loss of the linear structure of the muscle tissue. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed a significant upregulation of COL1A1, MMP-2, TGF-b1, IL-6, MHCIIA and MHCIIx in the BoNT/A injected leg, while MHVIIB was significantly downregulated. IN CONCLUSION The present study reveals that high dose intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause microstructural damage of the muscle tissue, which contributes to impaired gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pingel
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Kristian Rix
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Bech
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tine Alkjaer
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Torp Andersen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Feidenhansl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- European XFEL, Hamburg, Germany
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Lecat M, Decavel P, Magnin E, Lucas B, Gremeaux V, Sagawa Y. Multiple Sclerosis and Clinical Gait Analysis before and after Fampridine: A Systematic Review. Eur Neurol 2017; 78:272-286. [PMID: 28992626 DOI: 10.1159/000480729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait impairment is one of the most disabling symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Fampridine, has demonstrated a positive effect on gait speed in PwMS after 14 days of treatment but the long-term effects have not yet been demonstrated. This study reviews the long-term effects of fampridine on gait in PwMS. SUMMARY This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were considered long term if treatment exceeded 28 days. From the 498 studies identified, 18 (2,200 patients) fulfilled all eligibility criteria. Only 3 studies followed-up patients for >1 year and one of these showed a non-significant improvement in the gait speed. Key Messages: Fampridine seems to be beneficial at improving gait speed in PwMS in the long term. Further long-term studies are needed on related gait and functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Lecat
- Laboratory of Clinical Functional Exploration of Movement, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Functional Rehabilitation Center Divio, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Decavel
- Laboratory of Clinical Functional Exploration of Movement, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences EA481, Bourgogne Franche-Comte University, Besançon, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences EA481, Bourgogne Franche-Comte University, Besançon, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Vincent Gremeaux
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Yoshimasa Sagawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Functional Exploration of Movement, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences EA481, Bourgogne Franche-Comte University, Besançon, France
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de Haas R, Das D, Garanto A, Renkema HG, Greupink R, van den Broek P, Pertijs J, Collin RWJ, Willems P, Beyrath J, Heerschap A, Russel FG, Smeitink JA. Therapeutic effects of the mitochondrial ROS-redox modulator KH176 in a mammalian model of Leigh Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11733. [PMID: 28916769 PMCID: PMC5601915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh Disease is a progressive neurometabolic disorder for which a clinical effective treatment is currently still lacking. Here, we report on the therapeutic efficacy of KH176, a new chemical entity derivative of Trolox, in Ndufs4 -/- mice, a mammalian model for Leigh Disease. Using in vivo brain diffusion tensor imaging, we show a loss of brain microstructural coherence in Ndufs4 -/- mice in the cerebral cortex, external capsule and cerebral peduncle. These findings are in line with the white matter diffusivity changes described in mitochondrial disease patients. Long-term KH176 treatment retained brain microstructural coherence in the external capsule in Ndufs4 -/- mice and normalized the increased lipid peroxidation in this area and the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, KH176 treatment was able to significantly improve rotarod and gait performance and reduced the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in Ndufs4 -/- mice. These in vivo findings show that further development of KH176 as a potential treatment for mitochondrial disorders is worthwhile to pursue. Clinical trial studies to explore the potency, safety and efficacy of KH176 are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria de Haas
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Devashish Das
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herma G Renkema
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Greupink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra van den Broek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Pertijs
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Smeitink
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Khondrion BV, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Frohlich H, Claes K, De Wolf C, Van Damme X, Michel A. A Machine Learning Approach to Automated Gait Analysis for the Noldus Catwalk System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:1133-1139. [PMID: 28858780 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2701204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gait analysis of animal disease models can provide valuable insights into in vivo compound effects and thus help in preclinical drug development. The purpose of this paper is to establish a computational gait analysis approach for the Noldus Catwalk system, in which footprints are automatically captured and stored. METHODS We present a - to our knowledge - first machine learning based approach for the Catwalk system, which comprises a step decomposition, definition and extraction of meaningful features, multivariate step sequence alignment, feature selection, and training of different classifiers (gradient boosting machine, random forest, and elastic net). RESULTS Using animal-wise leave-one-out cross validation we demonstrate that with our method we can reliable separate movement patterns of a putative Parkinson's disease animal model and several control groups. Furthermore, we show that we can predict the time point after and the type of different brain lesions and can even forecast the brain region, where the intervention was applied. We provide an in-depth analysis of the features involved into our classifiers via statistical techniques for model interpretation. CONCLUSION A machine learning method for automated analysis of data from the Noldus Catwalk system was established. SIGNIFICANCE Our works shows the ability of machine learning to discriminate pharmacologically relevant animal groups based on their walking behavior in a multivariate manner. Further interesting aspects of the approach include the ability to learn from past experiments, improve with more data arriving and to make predictions for single animals in future studies.
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Na ES, De Jesús-Cortés H, Martinez-Rivera A, Kabir ZD, Wang J, Ramesh V, Onder Y, Rajadhyaksha AM, Monteggia LM, Pieper AA. D-cycloserine improves synaptic transmission in an animal model of Rett syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183026. [PMID: 28813484 PMCID: PMC5559075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT), a leading cause of intellectual disability in girls, is predominantly caused by mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2. Disruption of Mecp2 in mice recapitulates major features of RTT, including neurobehavioral abnormalities, which can be reversed by re-expression of normal Mecp2. Thus, there is reason to believe that RTT could be amenable to therapeutic intervention throughout the lifespan of patients after the onset of symptoms. A common feature underlying neuropsychiatric disorders, including RTT, is altered synaptic function in the brain. Here, we show that Mecp2tm1.1Jae/y mice display lower presynaptic function as assessed by paired pulse ratio, as well as decreased long term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal Schaffer–collateral-CA1 synapses. Treatment of Mecp2tm1.1Jae/y mice with D-cycloserine (DCS), an FDA-approved analog of the amino acid D-alanine with antibiotic and glycinergic activity, corrected the presynaptic but not LTP deficit without affecting deficient hippocampal BDNF levels. DCS treatment did, however, partially restore lower BDNF levels in the brain stem and striatum. Thus, treatment with DCS may mitigate the severity of some of the neurobehavioral symptoms experienced by patients with Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa S. Na
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Héctor De Jesús-Cortés
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Arlene Martinez-Rivera
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zeeba D. Kabir
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jieqi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Vijayashree Ramesh
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Yasemin Onder
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Anjali M. Rajadhyaksha
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMR); (LMM); (AAP)
| | - Lisa M. Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMR); (LMM); (AAP)
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMR); (LMM); (AAP)
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Monfort SM, Pan X, Patrick R, Ramaswamy B, Wesolowski R, Naughton MJ, Loprinzi CL, Chaudhari AMW, Lustberg MB. Gait, balance, and patient-reported outcomes during taxane-based chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 164:69-77. [PMID: 28374323 PMCID: PMC5510549 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity of several commonly used chemotherapy drugs including taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and platinum compounds. Development of CIPN is highly variable, both in self-reported symptoms and functional consequences, and can be severe enough to alter dose intensity. PURPOSE To describe the natural histories of both patient-reported symptoms of CIPN and functional impairments in breast cancer patients undergoing taxane-based chemotherapy. METHODS Thirty-three breast cancer patients (32 female/1 male; 47.8 ± 11.2 years; n = 17 stage II/n = 16 stage III) were enrolled. Patients completed self-reports of symptoms and function (e.g., EORTC QLQ-CIPN20) and objective measures of physical function (i.e., balance and gait testing) in an outpatient oncology clinic at five timepoints: (1) baseline-prior to starting chemotherapy, (2-4) before starting subsequent chemotherapy cycles, and (5) 1-3 months after receiving their last taxane infusion. RESULTS Significant negative changes in both patient-reported outcomes and objective functional measures were observed. Decreased balance was observed after the first chemotherapy cycle (28% increase in medial-lateral excursion of the center of pressure, p = 0.016) and progressed with cumulative exposure (43% increase, p < 0.001). Patients also demonstrated slower walking speeds (5% decrease, p = 0.003) as they progressed through treatment. These functional deficits were mirrored with increased patient-reported symptom severity for all EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 subscales (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study longitudinally assessed patient-reported outcomes concurrently with balance and gait testing in patients undergoing taxane therapy. Taxane treatment was associated with the development of clinically relevant problems in both CIPN symptoms and patient function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Monfort
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Xueliang Pan
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robyn Patrick
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle J Naughton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Ajit M W Chaudhari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maryam B Lustberg
- Division of Medical Oncology, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Benammi H, Erazi H, El Hiba O, Vinay L, Bras H, Viemari JC, Gamrani H. Disturbed sensorimotor and electrophysiological patterns in lead intoxicated rats during development are restored by curcumin I. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172715. [PMID: 28267745 PMCID: PMC5340392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead poisoning is one of the most significant health problem of environmental origin. It is known to cause different damages in the central and peripheral nervous system which could be represented by several neurophysiological and behavioral symptoms. In this study we firstly investigated the effect of lead prenatal exposure in rats to (3g/L), from neonatal to young age, on the motor/sensory performances, excitability of the spinal cord and gaits during development. Then we evaluated neuroprotective effects of curcumin I (Cur I) against lead neurotoxicity, by means of grasping and cliff avoidance tests to reveal the impairment of the sensorimotor functions in neonatal rats exposed prenatally to lead. In addition, extracellular recordings of motor output in spinal cord revealed an hyper-excitability of spinal networks in lead treated rats. The frequency of induced fictive locomotion was also increased in treated rats. At the young age, rats exhibited an impaired locomotor gait. All those abnormalities were attenuated by Cur I treatment at a dose of 16g/kg. Based on our finding, Cur I has shown features of a potent chemical compound able to restore the neuronal and the relative locomotor behaviors disturbances induced by lead intoxication. Therefore, this chemical can be recommended as a new therapeutic trial against lead induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Benammi
- Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Environment Team, faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hasna Erazi
- Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Environment Team, faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Omar El Hiba
- Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Environment Team, faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- Department of Biology, faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, EL Jadida, Morocco
| | - Laurent Vinay
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7289, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Bras
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7289, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Viemari
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7289, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (HG); (JCV)
| | - Halima Gamrani
- Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Environment Team, faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- * E-mail: (HG); (JCV)
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García-Sánchez SF, Gómez-Galindo MT, Guzmán-Pantoja JE. [Botulinum toxin A and physical therapy in gait in cerebral palsy]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2017; 55:18-24. [PMID: 28092243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy (PCI) is the leading cause of disability in children. Botulinum toxin type A (TBA) is a treatment to improve the function and pattern in the gait, although with a few studies that quantify the improvement. METHODS Quasi-experimental study was conducted from May 2010 to September 2011, in Integrated Rehabilitation Center, in 36 patients with spastic PCI. Was evaluated: functionality of travel by the scale of Koman, speed of the gait with tone scale of Ashworth and arches of passive mobility, were applied TBA and was sent to 10 sessions of physical therapy, with measurements taken before, the 1st and 4th month. RESULTS 30 Patients completed the study, between the ages of 2 and 12 years, the majority had improvement in the functionality of the gear, tone, dorsiflexion and abduction of ankles to the motion, which was maintained at 4 months. CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin is an effective treatment to increase the arches of mobility and functionality of the gait of patients with hemiparesis and spastic paraparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fabiola García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Rehabilitación, Hospital General Regional No. 180, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, México.
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Hassan EA, Lambrechts NE, Weng HY, Snyder PW, Breur GJ. Effects of denervation of the hip joint on results of clinical observations and instrumented gait analysis in dogs with sodium urate crystal-induced synovitis. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:1200-1210. [PMID: 27805445 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.11.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of selective hip joint denervation on gait abnormalities and signs of hip joint pain in dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult hound-type dogs. PROCEDURES Minimally invasive denervation was performed on the right hip joint of each dog. Two weeks later, sodium urate was injected into the right hip joint to induce synovitis. Dogs were evaluated clinically and by use of instrumented gait analysis before and 2 weeks after minimally invasive denervation and 4, 8, and 24 hours after induction of synovitis. Dogs were euthanized, and necropsy and histologic examination were performed. RESULTS No kinetic or kinematic gait modifications were detected 2 weeks after minimally invasive denervation. Denervation did not eliminate signs of pain and lameness associated with sodium urate-induced synovitis. Results of histologic examination confirmed that denervation was an effective method for transecting the innervation of the craniolateral and caudolateral aspects of the hip joint capsule. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, minimally invasive denervation did not result in gait modifications in dogs. Denervation did not abolish the signs of pain and lameness associated with generalized induced synovitis of the hip joint. Further studies are required before conclusions can be drawn regarding the clinical usefulness of hip joint denervation for dogs with hip dysplasia.
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Scragg R, Waayer D, Stewart AW, Lawes CMM, Toop L, Murphy J, Khaw KT, Camargo CA. The Vitamin D Assessment (ViDA) Study: design of a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, acute respiratory infection, falls and non-vertebral fractures. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:318-325. [PMID: 26365555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have shown that low vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, acute respiratory infection, falls and non-vertebral fractures. We recruited 5110 Auckland adults, aged 50-84 years, into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test whether vitamin D supplementation protects against these four major outcomes. The intervention is a monthly cholecalciferol dose of 100,000IU (2.5mg) for an estimated median 3.3 years (range 2.5-4.2) during 2011-2015. Participants were recruited primarily from family practices, plus community groups with a high proportion of Maori, Pacific, or South Asian individuals. The baseline evaluation included medical history, lifestyle, physical measurements (e.g. blood pressure, arterial waveform, lung function, muscle function), and a blood sample (stored at -80°C for later testing). Capsules are being mailed to home addresses with a questionnaire to collect data on non-hospitalized outcomes and to monitor adherence and potential adverse effects. Other data sources include New Zealand Ministry of Health data on mortality, hospitalization, cancer registrations and dispensed pharmaceuticals. A random sample of 438 participants returned for annual collection of blood samples to monitor adherence and safety (hypercalcemia), including repeat physical measurements at 12 months follow-up. The trial will allow testing of a priori hypotheses on several other endpoints including: weight, blood pressure, arterial waveform parameters, heart rate variability, lung function, muscle strength, gait and balance, mood, psoriasis, bone density, and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Debbie Waayer
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair W Stewart
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carlene M M Lawes
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Les Toop
- Department of Public Health & General Practice, The University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Judy Murphy
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Isik AT, Soysal P, Usarel C. Effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Balance and Gait Functions and Orthostatic Hypotension in Elderly Patients With Alzheimer Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2016; 31:580-584. [PMID: 27585748 PMCID: PMC10852938 DOI: 10.1177/1533317516666195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AchEI) therapy on balance, gait, and orthostatic hypotension (OH) in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A total of 102 elderly patients with AD have been recently diagnosed and were treated with AchEI and underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment at baseline and at the end of the sixth month. RESULTS Timed Up and Go test and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment values and the prevalence of OH were not different at the end of the sixth month versus baseline (P > .05). However, it was determined that changes in balance were better in the patients who showed cognitive improvement at the end of the sixth month (P < .05). CONCLUSION Curative effects of AchEIs, which are used in the treatment of AD, on cognitive performance are reflected also in balance functions. Moreover, it was observed that these drugs do not increase the prevalence of OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Turan Isik
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Aging Brain and Dementia, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Aging Brain and Dementia, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Usarel
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Aging Brain and Dementia, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Hamza MM, Rey SA, Hilber P, Arabo A, Collin T, Vaudry D, Burel D. Early Disruption of Extracellular Pleiotrophin Distribution Alters Cerebellar Neuronal Circuit Development and Function. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:5203-16. [PMID: 26399645 PMCID: PMC5012153 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is a structure of the central nervous system involved in balance, motor coordination, and voluntary movements. The elementary circuit implicated in the control of locomotion involves Purkinje cells, which receive excitatory inputs from parallel and climbing fibers, and are regulated by cerebellar interneurons. In mice as in human, the cerebellar cortex completes its development mainly after birth with the migration, differentiation, and synaptogenesis of granule cells. These cellular events are under the control of numerous extracellular matrix molecules including pleiotrophin (PTN). This cytokine has been shown to regulate the morphogenesis of Purkinje cells ex vivo and in vivo via its receptor PTPζ. Since Purkinje cells are the unique output of the cerebellar cortex, we explored the consequences of their PTN-induced atrophy on the function of the cerebellar neuronal circuit in mice. Behavioral experiments revealed that, despite a normal overall development, PTN-treated mice present a delay in the maturation of their flexion reflex. Moreover, patch clamp recording of Purkinje cells revealed a significant increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in PTN-treated mice, associated with a decrease of climbing fiber innervations and an abnormal perisomatic localization of the parallel fiber contacts. At adulthood, PTN-treated mice exhibit coordination impairment on the rotarod test associated with an alteration of the synchronization gait. Altogether these histological, electrophysiological, and behavior data reveal that an early ECM disruption of PTN composition induces short- and long-term defaults in the establishment of proper functional cerebellar circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hamza
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Rouen, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - S A Rey
- CNRS-UMR 8118, Laboratory of Cerebral Physiology, University Paris Descartes, 75006, Paris, France
| | - P Hilber
- EA 4700, Laboratory of Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition, University of Rouen, 76821-cedex, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - A Arabo
- UFR sciences et techniques, University of Rouen, 76821-cedex, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - T Collin
- CNRS-UMR 8118, Laboratory of Cerebral Physiology, University Paris Descartes, 75006, Paris, France
| | - D Vaudry
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Rouen, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - D Burel
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Rouen, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
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