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Chen B, Zhang F, Dhupia J, Morgenstern MP, Costello M, Boyce H, Sun WJ, Raofi S, Tian L, Xu W. A Chewing Study of Abuse-Deterrent Tablets Containing Polyethylene Oxide Using a Robotic Simulator. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:245. [PMID: 38030835 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) refer to formulation technologies aiming to deter the abuse of prescription drugs by making the dosage forms difficult to manipulate or extract the opioids. Assessments are required to evaluate the performance of the drugs through different routes including injection, ingestion, and insufflation and also when the drugs are manipulated. Chewing is the easiest and most convenient way to manipulate the drugs and deserves investigation. Chewing is one of the most complex bioprocesses, where the ingested materials are subject to periodic tooth crushing, mixed through the tongue, and lubricated and softened by the saliva. Inter- and intra-subject variations in chewing patterns may result in different chewing performances. The purpose of this study is to use a chewing simulator to assess the deterrent properties of tablets made of polyethylene oxide (PEO). The simulator can mimic human molar grinding with variable chewing parameters including molar trajectory, chewing frequency, and saliva flow rate. To investigate the effects of these parameters, the sizes of the chewed tablet particles and the chewing force were measured to evaluate the chewing performance. Thirty-four out of forty tablets were broken into pieces. The results suggested that the simulator can chew the tablets into smaller particles and that the molar trajectory and saliva flow rate had significant effect on reducing the size of the particles by analysis of variance (ANOVA) while the effect of chewing frequency was not clear. Additionally, chewing force can work as an indicator of the chewing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Auckland, 5 Grafton Rd, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton St., Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Jaspreet Dhupia
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Auckland, 5 Grafton Rd, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Marco P Morgenstern
- Food Materials & Structures, Plant & Food Research Ltd, 74 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Mark Costello
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton St., Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Heather Boyce
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Wei-Jhe Sun
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Saeid Raofi
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Weiliang Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Auckland, 5 Grafton Rd, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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2
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Chen J, Tang X, Wang Z, Perez A, Yao B, Huang K, Zhang Y, King MW. Techniques for navigating postsurgical adhesions: Insights into mechanisms and future directions. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10565. [PMID: 38023705 PMCID: PMC10658569 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Postsurgical adhesions are a common complication of surgical procedures that can lead to postoperative pain, bowel obstruction, infertility, as well as complications with future procedures. Several agents have been developed to prevent adhesion formation, such as barriers, anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic agents. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of physical barrier agents, but they have been associated with conflicting clinical studies and controversy in the clinical utilization of anti-adhesion barriers. In this review, we summarize the human anatomy of the peritoneum, the pathophysiology of adhesion formation, the current prevention agents, as well as the current research progress on adhesion prevention. The early cellular events starting with injured mesothelial cells and incorporating macrophage response have recently been found to be associated with adhesion formation. This may provide the key component for developing future adhesion prevention methods. The current use of physical barriers to separate tissues, such as Seprafilm®, composed of hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcellulose, can only reduce the risk of adhesion formation at the end stage. Other anti-inflammatory or fibrinolytic agents for preventing adhesions have only been studied within the context of current research models, which is limited by the lack of in-vitro model systems as well as in-depth study of in-vivo models to evaluate the efficiency of anti-adhesion agents. In addition, we explore emerging therapies, such as gene therapy and stem cell-based approaches, that may offer new strategies for preventing adhesion formation. In conclusion, anti-adhesion agents represent a promising approach for reducing the burden of adhesion-related complications in surgical patients. Further research is needed to optimize their use and develop new therapies for this challenging clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Arielle Perez
- UNC School of Medicine Department of SurgeryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Benjamin Yao
- Montefiore Medical Center Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology & Women's Health ServicesMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Ke Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorth Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUnited States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Martin W. King
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- College of Textiles, Donghua UniversityShanghaiSongjiangChina
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3
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Baebler Š, Coll A, Malacarne G. Editorial: Women in plant pathogen interactions: 2022. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1249821. [PMID: 37564388 PMCID: PMC10409640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Špela Baebler
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anna Coll
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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Caglioti C, Iannitti R, Ceccarelli G, Selan L, Artini M, Papa R, Malvasi A, Gentile R, Del Bianco D, Apone F, Angelini P, Palazzetti F, Fioretti B. Cranberry/Chondroitin Sulfate Co-precipitate as a New Method for Controlling Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1053. [PMID: 37370374 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI), which are among the most frequent cases of infectious diseases, mainly affect women. The most common treatment approach involves the use of antibiotics, although this solution is not always the most suitable, mainly because of the resistance that bacterial strains develop. Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols, abundantly contained in cranberry extracts, which have shown beneficial effects in the treatment of urinary tract infections, due to their anti-adhesive properties toward bacteria, with respect to the membranes of the cells of the urothelium and intestine, thus reducing their virulence. In this work, we demonstrate via microscopy and scattering measurements how a mixture of cranberry and chondroitin sulfate can form a crosslinked structure with barrier properties. By using a design of experiment (DOE), we optimized the mass ratio to obtain a precipitate between cranberry extract and chondroitin sulfate in the presence of N-acetylcysteine and hyaluronic acid. By using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) chambers, we confirmed the barrier properties of the best mixture obtained with the DOE. Lastly, the antibiofilm action was investigated against five strains of Escherichia coli with different antibiotic sensitivity. The precipitate displayed a variable inhibitory effect in biofilm formation with major effects in UTI with an antibiotic resistance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Caglioti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Iannitti
- S&R Farmaceutici S.p., Avia dei Pioppi 2, 06083 Bastia Umbra, Italy
| | - Giada Ceccarelli
- S&R Farmaceutici S.p., Avia dei Pioppi 2, 06083 Bastia Umbra, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Malvasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gentile
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Diletta Del Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Florinda Apone
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Palazzetti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Bruni S, Mercogliano MF, Mauro FL, Cordo Russo RI, Schillaci R. Cancer immune exclusion: breaking the barricade for a successful immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135456. [PMID: 37284199 PMCID: PMC10239871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the course of cancer treatment. The initial steps were made through tumor-specific antibodies that guided the setup of an antitumor immune response. A new and successful generation of antibodies are designed to target immune checkpoint molecules aimed to reinvigorate the antitumor immune response. The cellular counterpart is the adoptive cell therapy, where specific immune cells are expanded or engineered to target cancer cells. In all cases, the key for achieving positive clinical resolutions rests upon the access of immune cells to the tumor. In this review, we focus on how the tumor microenvironment architecture, including stromal cells, immunosuppressive cells and extracellular matrix, protects tumor cells from an immune attack leading to immunotherapy resistance, and on the available strategies to tackle immune evasion.
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Golubkova A, Hunter CJ. Development of the Neonatal Intestinal Barrier, Microbiome, and Susceptibility to NEC. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1247. [PMID: 37317221 PMCID: PMC10221463 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the intestinal barrier is partially dependent on host maturity and the colonization patterns of the microbiome to which it is exposed. Premature birth and stressors of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-related support (e.g., antibiotics, steroids, etc.) can alter the host internal environment resulting in changes in the intestinal barrier. Pathogenic microbial proliferation and breach of the immature intestinal barrier are proposed to be crucial steps in the development of neonatal diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. This article will review the current literature on the intestinal barrier in the neonatal gut, the consequences of microbiome development for this defense system, and how prematurity can influence neonatal susceptibility to gastrointestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine J. Hunter
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Álvarez-Barrios A, Álvarez L, Artime E, García M, Lengyel I, Pereiro R, González-Iglesias H. Altered zinc homeostasis in a primary cell culture model of the retinal pigment epithelium. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1124987. [PMID: 37139441 PMCID: PMC10149808 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1124987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is progressively degenerated during age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness, which clinical hallmark is the buildup of sub-RPE extracellular material. Clinical observations indicate that Zn dyshomeostasis can initiate detrimental intracellular events in the RPE. In this study, we used a primary human fetal RPE cell culture model producing sub-RPE deposits accumulation that recapitulates features of early AMD to study Zn homeostasis and metalloproteins changes. RPE cell derived samples were collected at 10, 21 and 59 days in culture and processed for RNA sequencing, elemental mass spectrometry and the abundance and cellular localization of specific proteins. RPE cells developed processes normal to RPE, including intercellular unions formation and expression of RPE proteins. Punctate deposition of apolipoprotein E, marker of sub-RPE material accumulation, was observed from 3 weeks with profusion after 2 months in culture. Zn cytoplasmic concentrations significantly decreased 0.2 times at 59 days, from 0.264 ± 0.119 ng·μg-1 at 10 days to 0.062 ± 0.043 ng·μg-1 at 59 days (p < 0.05). Conversely, increased levels of Cu (1.5-fold in cytoplasm, 5.0-fold in cell nuclei and membranes), Na (3.5-fold in cytoplasm, 14.0-fold in cell nuclei and membranes) and K (6.8-fold in cytoplasm) were detected after 59-days long culture. The Zn-regulating proteins metallothioneins showed significant changes in gene expression over time, with a potent down-regulation at RNA and protein level of the most abundant isoform in primary RPE cells, from 0.141 ± 0.016 ng·mL-1 at 10 days to 0.056 ± 0.023 ng·mL-1 at 59 days (0.4-fold change, p < 0.05). Zn influx and efflux transporters were also deregulated, along with an increase in oxidative stress and alterations in the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The RPE cell model producing early accumulation of extracellular deposits provided evidences on an altered Zn homeostasis, exacerbated by changes in cytosolic Zn-binding proteins and Zn transporters, along with variations in other metals and metalloproteins, suggesting a potential role of altered Zn homeostasis during AMD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Álvarez-Barrios
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain
- Lydia Álvarez,
| | - Enol Artime
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Imre Lengyel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Rosario Pereiro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- *Correspondence: Héctor González-Iglesias,
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8
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Guo S, Xing Y, Xu Y, Jin X, Yan S, Shi B. Progress of Studies on Plant-Derived Polysaccharides Affecting Intestinal Barrier Function in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36428432 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As natural bioactive components, plant-derived polysaccharides have many biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoccidial, and immunity regulation, and have been widely used in poultry production. In this review paper, firstly, the sources and structures of plant-derived polysaccharides are reviewed; secondly, the effects of plant-derived polysaccharides on the intestinal microbiome, permeability, morphology and immune function of poultry are summarized; thirdly, the potential molecular regulation mechanism of plant-derived polysaccharides on the intestinal barrier function of poultry was preliminarily analyzed. The review paper will bring a basis for the scientific utilization of plant-derived polysaccharides in the poultry industry.
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Kong Q, Li L, Zhang M, Chai H, Li W, Zhu F, Zhang J. Improving the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins by Lamellar Cobalt Potassium Pyrophosphate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224927. [PMID: 36433055 PMCID: PMC9692345 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the fire retardancy of epoxy resin (EP), lamellar cobalt potassium pyrophosphate (LCPP) nanocrystal whiskers with a length of 100-300 nm were designed and synthesized by a liquid technique. LCPP with high thermal stability was blended into EP to prepare the EP/LCPP composites. The results show that the EP/LCPP composites have higher thermal stability and produce more residues compared to pure EP. The combustion results display that the LOI value of the EP/10wt%LCPP composites was significantly improved to 35.9%, and the EP/6wt%LCPP composite can reach a UL-94 V-1 rating. Additionally, the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate of the EP/10wt%LCPP composites dramatically decreased by 43.8% and 48.5%, respectively. The improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression are mainly attributed to the inherent physical barrier of LCPP and the excellent catalytic carbonization ability of LCPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Kong
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lan Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huiyu Chai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weixi Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Rochani A, Agrahari V, Chandra N, Singh ON, McCormick TJ, Doncel GF, Clark MR, Kaushal G. Development and Preclinical Investigation of Physically Cross-Linked and pH-Sensitive Polymeric Gels as Potential Vaginal Contraceptives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1728. [PMID: 35566897 PMCID: PMC9101208 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the development of cross-linked gels to potentially provide a physical barrier to vaginal sperm transport for contraception. Two types of gels were formulated, a physically cross-linked iota-carrageenan (Ci) phenylboronic acid functionalized hydroxylpropylmethyacrylate copolymer (PBA)-based (Ci-PBA) gel, designed to block vaginal sperm transport. The second gel was pH-shifting cross-linked Ci-polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid (Ci-PVA-BA) gel, designed to modulate its properties in forming a viscoelastic, weakly cross-linked transient network (due to Ci gelling properties) on vaginal application (at acidic pH of ~3.5-4.5) to a more elastic, densely cross-linked (due to borate-diol cross-linking) gel network at basic pH of 7-8 of seminal fluid, thereby acting as a physical barrier to motile sperm. The gels were characterized for dynamic rheology, physicochemical properties, and impact on sperm functionality (motility, viability, penetration). The rheology data confirmed that the Ci-PBA gel was formed by ionic interactions whereas Ci-PVA-BA gel was chemically cross-linked and became more elastic at basic pH. Based on the screening data, lead gels were selected for in vitro sperm functionality testing. The in vitro results confirmed that the Ci-PBA and Ci-PVA-BA gels created a barrier at the sperm-gel interface, providing sperm blocking properties. For preclinical proof-of-concept, the Ci-PBA gels were applied vaginally and tested for contraceptive efficacy in rabbits, demonstrating only partial efficacy (40-60%). Overall, the in vitro and in vivo results support the development and further optimization of cross-linked gels using commercially available materials as vaginal contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Rochani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Vivek Agrahari
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (V.A.); (N.C.); (O.N.S.); (T.J.M.); (G.F.D.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Neelima Chandra
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (V.A.); (N.C.); (O.N.S.); (T.J.M.); (G.F.D.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Onkar N. Singh
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (V.A.); (N.C.); (O.N.S.); (T.J.M.); (G.F.D.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Timothy J. McCormick
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (V.A.); (N.C.); (O.N.S.); (T.J.M.); (G.F.D.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Gustavo F. Doncel
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (V.A.); (N.C.); (O.N.S.); (T.J.M.); (G.F.D.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Meredith R. Clark
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (V.A.); (N.C.); (O.N.S.); (T.J.M.); (G.F.D.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Gagan Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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Zhang P, Jing C, Liang M, Jiang S, Huang L, Jiao N, Li Y, Yang W. Zearalenone Exposure Triggered Cecal Physical Barrier Injury through the TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathway in Weaned Piglets. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120902. [PMID: 34941739 PMCID: PMC8708673 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of exposure to different dosages of zearalenone (ZEA) on cecal physical barrier functions and its mechanisms based on the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in weaned piglets. Thirty-two weaned piglets were allotted to four groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with ZEA at 0, 0.15, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg ZEA damaged cecum morphology and microvilli, and changed distribution and shape of M cells. Moreover, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg ZEA decreased numbers of goblet cells, the expressions of TFF3 and tight junction proteins, and inhibited the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Interestingly, the 0.15 mg/kg ZEA had no significant effect on cecal physical barrier functions but decreased the expressions of Smad3, p-Smad3 and Smad7. Our study suggests that high-dose ZEA exposure impairs cecal physical barrier functions through inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, but low-dose ZEA had no significant effect on cecum morphology and integrity through inhibiting the expression of smad7. These findings provide a scientific basis for helping people explore how to reduce the toxicity of ZEA in feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
| | - Changwei Jing
- Technical Department, Shandong Chinwhiz Co., Ltd., Weifang 262400, China;
| | - Ming Liang
- Department of Feeding Microecology, Shandong Baolaililai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai’an 271001, China;
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
| | - Libo Huang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
| | - Ning Jiao
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weiren Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.Y.)
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Kim TH, Heo SY, Oh GW, Park WS, Choi IW, Kang HW, Kim HW, Kim YM, Jo SH, Park SH, Jung WK. A phlorotannins-loaded homogeneous acellular matrix film modulates post-implantation inflammatory responses. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 16:51-62. [PMID: 34687268 DOI: 10.1002/term.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peritendinous adhesion mainly occurs between proliferating fibrous tissues and adjacent normal organs after surgery. Many physical barriers are applied to the implanted site to prevent peritendinous adhesion. However, these barriers often trigger inflammatory responses. Therefore, our study sought to develop phlorotannins-loaded cartilage acellular matrix (CAM) films as a physical barrier and investigate their inhibitory effect on inflammatory responses, which are associated with the induction of postoperative peritendinous adhesion (PAA). Our findings indicated that incorporating phlorotannin into the CAM film did not affect its unique characteristics including its thermal and spectroscopic properties. Moreover, the phlorotannins-loaded CAM films suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated using Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect when implanted subcutaneously in rats. Therefore, our results highlight the potential of phlorotannins-loaded CAM films as a promising physical barrier to prevent PAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Han Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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Lanza M, Casili G, Filippone A, Campolo M, Paterniti I, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Evaluating the Protective Properties of a Xyloglucan-Based Nasal Spray in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10472. [PMID: 34638811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A breached nasal epithelial barrier plays an important role in driving allergic rhinitis (AR). Corticosteroids remain the standard of care (SoC) but come with side effects, thus alternative safe and effective treatments able to avoid inflammation and restore barrier integrity are needed. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the barrier-forming capacity of a xyloglucan-based nasal spray (XG) and compare its efficacy to several SoC treatments (corticosteroid spray, oral mast-cell stabilizer and oral antihistamine) in reducing allergic responses in addition to its effect when concomitantly administered with an antihistamine. An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse AR model was used. XG shows a significant efficacy in reducing histological damage in AR mice; improves nasal rubbing and histamine-induced hyper-responsiveness. Total and OVA-specific IgE as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines are significantly reduced compared to OVA challenged-mice, with im-proved efficacy when used as an add-on treatment. However, XG reduces mucous secreting cells (PAS-positive) and mucin mRNA expression similar to the corticosteroid-treated mice. XG-spray maintains tight junction protein expression (ZO-1) and conversely decreases HDAC1 significantly; the latter being highly expressed in AR patients. Moreover, the concomitant treatment showed in all of the endpoints a similar efficacy to the corticosteroids. This innovative approach may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for nasal respiratory diseases like AR, reducing undesirable side effects and improving the quality of life in patients.
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Luan K, West AJ, McCord MG, DenHartog EA, Shi Q, Bettermann I, Li J, Travanty NV, Mitchell RD, Cave GL, Strider JB, Wang Y, Neumann F, Beck T, Apperson CS, Roe RM. Mosquito-Textile Physics: A Mathematical Roadmap to Insecticide-Free, Bite-Proof Clothing for Everyday Life. Insects 2021; 12:insects12070636. [PMID: 34357296 PMCID: PMC8306269 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mosquitoes can bite across clothing and transmit disease. This is prevented with pesticides applied to clothing. We developed non-insecticidal cloth and garments that provided 100% protection, were comfortable and look-like and feel-like regular clothing. Abstract Garments treated with chemical insecticides are commonly used to prevent mosquito bites. Resistance to insecticides, however, is threatening the efficacy of this technology, and people are increasingly concerned about the potential health impacts of wearing insecticide-treated clothing. Here, we report a mathematical model for fabric barriers that resist bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on textile physical structure and no insecticides. The model was derived from mosquito morphometrics and analysis of mosquito biting behavior. Woven filter fabrics, precision polypropylene plates, and knitted fabrics were used for model validation. Then, based on the model predictions, prototype knitted textiles and garments were developed that prevented mosquito biting, and comfort testing showed the garments to possess superior thermophysiological properties. Our fabrics provided a three-times greater bite resistance than the insecticide-treated cloth. Our predictive model can be used to develop additional textiles in the future for garments that are highly bite resistant to mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luan
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (K.L.); (M.G.M.)
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (E.A.D.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Andre J. West
- Department of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.J.W.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Marian G. McCord
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (K.L.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Emiel A. DenHartog
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (E.A.D.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (E.A.D.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Isa Bettermann
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH, Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (I.B.); (F.N.); (T.B.)
| | - Jiayin Li
- Department of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Nicholas V. Travanty
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (N.V.T.); (R.D.M.III); (G.L.C.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Robert D. Mitchell
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (N.V.T.); (R.D.M.III); (G.L.C.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Grayson L. Cave
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (N.V.T.); (R.D.M.III); (G.L.C.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.A.)
| | - John B. Strider
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (N.V.T.); (R.D.M.III); (G.L.C.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (E.A.D.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Florian Neumann
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH, Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (I.B.); (F.N.); (T.B.)
| | - Tobias Beck
- Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH, Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (I.B.); (F.N.); (T.B.)
| | - Charles S. Apperson
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (N.V.T.); (R.D.M.III); (G.L.C.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.A.)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - R. Michael Roe
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (N.V.T.); (R.D.M.III); (G.L.C.); (J.B.S.); (C.S.A.)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Correspondence: (A.J.W.); (R.M.R.)
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Yao L, Tang Y, Chen B, Hong W, Xu X, Liu Y, Aguilar ZP, Xu H. Oral exposure of titanium oxide nanoparticles induce ileum physical barrier dysfunction via Th1/Th2 imbalance. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:982-990. [PMID: 32333507 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effects and the mechanism of intestinal barrier caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). Here, the effects of two different dosages (300 and 1200 mg/kg) of TiO2 NPs on female mice (n = 5) were investigated. After 28-day oral exposure, the results of Ti content were significantly increased in the ileum in comparison with the control. The histopathological structure index of the ileum was significantly changed after TiO2 NPs exposure; villi height and crypt depth were decreased and increased, respectively. Meanwhile, TiO2 NPs treatment also significantly altered the transcription levels of genes. First, the GATA-3 and STAT-4 were upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Second, gene expressions of the Zonula Occludens-1, claudin (CLDN)-12, occludin, and myosin light chain kinase were significantly upregulated, while the CLDN-3 was decreased. Finally, the caspase-3, caspase-9, and caspase-12 were upregulated. The results of TUNEL staining indicated apoptosis in the ileum. In general, TiO2 NPs treatment significantly changed the intestine physical barrier in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs could be through the imbalance in the Th1/Th2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yizhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bolu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wuding Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Alimohammadi M, Aghli Y, Fakhraei O, Moradi A, Passandideh-Fard M, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Khademhosseini A, Tamayol A, Mousavi Shaegh SA. Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Preventing Tendon Adhesion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4356-4376. [PMID: 33455173 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are frequent, and surgical interventions toward their treatment might result in significant clinical complications. Pretendinous adhesion results in the disruption of the normal gliding mechanism of a damaged tendon, painful movements, and an increased chance of rerupture in the future. To alleviate postsurgical tendon-sheath adhesions, many investigations have been directed toward the development of repair approaches using electrospun nanofiber scaffolds. Such methods mainly take advantage of nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) as physical barriers to prevent or minimize adhesion of a repaired tendon to its surrounding sheath. In addition, these nanofibers can also locally deliver antiadhesion and anti-inflammatory agents to reduce the risk of tendon adhesion. This article reviews recent advances in the design, fabrication, and characterization of nanofibrous membranes developed to serve as (i) biomimetic tendon sheaths and (ii) physical barriers. Various features of the membranes are discussed to present insights for further development of repair methods suitable for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Alimohammadi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasaman Aghli
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,LadHyx, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Omid Fakhraei
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America.,Center for Minimally invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America.,Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America.,Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States of America
| | - Ali Tamayol
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States of America
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common upper airway disease with a prevalence of greater than 10% of the general population. Although the pathogenesis of CRS remains poorly understood, there is growing evidence indicating that epithelial physical barrier defects play an important role in CRS pathogenesis. Areas covered: Epithelial physical barriers are maintained by various intercellular junctions, especially tight junctions (TJs). Recent studies suggest that the expression of TJ molecules and epithelial barrier function in human nasal epithelium are modulated by various internal and external factors. This review summarizes recent advances regarding the structure, function, and regulating mechanisms of the epithelial physical barrier in the context of CRS. Expert opinion: Available data indicate that epithelial physical barrier defects in CRS can result from inhaled allergens, microbial or virus infections, cytokines, hypoxia, or zinc deficiency, among other causes. Several genes/molecules, such as SPINK5, S100A7, S100A8/9, PCDH1, NDRG1, SPRR, and p63 are involved in modulating the physical barrier function in the context of CRS. The exact mechanisms and molecular pathways that lead to these barrier defects, however, require additional study. Additional work is necessary to further explore the epithelial physical barrier function in normal and pathologic sinonasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- a Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases , Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology , Beijing , China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- a Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases , Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology , Beijing , China
| | - Luo Zhang
- a Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases , Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology , Beijing , China
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18
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Abstract
Peripheral nerves are composed of complex layered anatomical structures, including epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. Perineurium and endoneurium contain many physical barriers, including the blood-nerve barrier at endoneurial vessels and the perineurial barrier. These physical barriers help to eliminate flux penetration and thus contribute to the establishment of a stable microenvironment. In the current review, we introduce the anatomical compartments and physical barriers of peripheral nerves and then describe the cellular and molecular basis of peripheral physical barriers. We also specifically explore peripheral nerve injury-induced changes of peripheral physical barriers, including elevated endoneurial fluid pressure, increased leakage of tracer, decreased barrier-type endothelial cell ratio, and altered distributions and expressions of cellular junctional proteins. The understanding of the pathophysiological changes of physical barriers following peripheral nerve injury may provide a clue for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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19
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Babu DB, Giribabu K, Ramesha K. Permselective SPEEK/Nafion Composite-Coated Separator as a Potential Polysulfide Crossover Barrier Layer for Li-S Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:19721-19729. [PMID: 29757609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing the shuttle effect by constraining polysulfides to the cathode compartment and activating the passive layer between cathode and separator are highly important for improving the Li-S cell performance, Coulombic efficiency, and cycle life. Here, we report a submicron thin coating of permselective sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) composite layer on the separator that would reduce polysulfide crossover, imparting a significant improvement in cycle life. It is observed that SPEEK increases the stability, and adding Nafion improves the capacity value. Among different ratios of Nafion and SPEEK (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25), the composite with a SPEEK/Nafion ratio of 50:50 showed a controlled shuttle effect with a stable cell capacity of 600 mA h g-1 up to 300 cycles. This modified separator with permselective coatings not only reduces the polysulfide shuttle but also improves the wettability and interfacial contact, which results in an improvement in average cell potential and lithium diffusivity. It is demonstrated here that the combination of functional (ionomer coating on separator) and nonfunctional (extra cathode layer) physical barriers effectively suppresses the polysulfide crossover and improves the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. The cell shows an initial capacity of 1300 mA h g-1 and a capacity retention of 650 mA h g-1 over 500 cycles with a 6 mg/cm2 sulfur loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasari Bosu Babu
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR-Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600113 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CECRI , Karaikudi 630003 , India
| | - Krishnan Giribabu
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR-Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600113 , India
| | - Kannadka Ramesha
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR-Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600113 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CECRI , Karaikudi 630003 , India
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Tillman PG, Khrimian A, Cottrell TE, Lou X, Mizell RF, Johnson CJ. Trap Cropping Systems and a Physical Barrier for Suppression of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Cotton. J Econ Entomol 2015; 108:2324-34. [PMID: 26453721 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Euschistus servus (Say), Nezara viridula (L.), and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are economic pests of cotton in the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. The objective of this 2-yr study was to determine the ability of trap cropping systems, pheromone-baited stink bug traps, and a synthetic physical barrier at the peanut-to-cotton interface to manage stink bugs in cotton. The physical barrier was the most effective management tactic. Stink bug density in cotton was lowest for this treatment. In 2010, boll injury was lower for the physical barrier compared to the other treatments except for soybean with stink bug traps. In 2011, boll injury was lower for this treatment compared to the control. Soybean was an effective trap crop, reducing both stink bug density in cotton and boll injury regardless if used alone or in combination with either stink bug traps or buckwheat. Incorporation of buckwheat in soybean enhanced parasitism of E. servus egg masses by Telenomus podisi Ashmead in cotton. The insertion of eyelets in the lid of the insect-collecting device of a stink bug trap allowed adult stink bug parasitoids, but not E. servus, to escape. Stand-alone stink bug traps were not very effective in deterring colonization of cotton by stink bugs or reducing boll injury. The paucity of effective alternative control measures available for stink bug management justifies further full-scale evaluations into these management tactics for control of these pests in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Tillman
- USDA, ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793.
| | - A Khrimian
- USDA, ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Bldg. 007 Barc-West 10300, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - T E Cottrell
- USDA, ARS, Southeastern Fruit & Tree Nut Research Laboratory, 21 Dunbar Rd., Byron, GA 31008
| | - X Lou
- University of Georgia, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - R F Mizell
- NFREC-Quincy, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd., Quincy, FL 32351
| | - C J Johnson
- USDA, ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793
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Bender GS, Bates LM, Bethke JA, Lewis E, Tanizaki G, Morse JG, Godfrey KE. Evaluation of Insecticides, Entomopathogenic Nematodes, and Physical Soil Barriers for Control of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Citrus. J Econ Entomol 2014; 107:2137-2146. [PMID: 26470079 DOI: 10.1603/ec14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was discovered as the cause of early decline and death of citrus trees and ornamental plants along coastal Orange and Los Angeles Counties in 2005 and San Diego County in 2006. We established trials to evaluate the effectiveness of two tactics to manage life stages of Diaprepes root weevil that are found in the soil. The first tactic was soil applications of the pesticides bifenthrin or imidacloprid, with and without entomopathogenic nematodes, to kill larvae. The second tactic was attempting to block adult emergence from the soil using a thick wood-chip mulch layer, a small-meshed landscape fabric, and a dry soil barrier (created by subirrigation). We found that soil treatments with the two insecticides (bifenthrin and imidacloprid) at maximum label rates with and without Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas et al. at 5 million nematodes per tree significantly reduced numbers of soil-borne Diaprepes root weevil larvae in one trial compared with the control. Another entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica Poinar et al. applied in wax moth Galleria mellonella L. cadavers at 86 wax moth cadavers per tree was not effective. Adult emergence was reduced by almost 100% when the landscape fabric was kept intact (2009), but emergence occurred in 2010 when the fabric was torn by grove operations (60% reduction). Adult emergence was reduced to ≍70% compared with the control in the subirrigation treatment in 2009 when the summer was hot and dry, but emergence occurred in 2010 during periodic rains toward the end of summer. The mulch treatment kept the soil moist in between irrigations resulting in greater adult emergence rates compared with controls during 2009 and 2010. Health ratings of the trees were taken following several years of physical barrier treatments, and trees treated with the landscape fabric were significantly healthier (mean rating 0.9, scale 0 = healthy to 5 = dead) than those in the other treatments (mean rating of 3.6, 4.0, and 2.5 for control, mulch and subirrigation, respectively). Of the physical barrier methods studied, landscape fabric is most effective in reducing Diaprepes root weevil emergence, increases plant health, and is long lasting, but it is the most costly to install and can be damaged during harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Bender
- University of California Cooperative Extension, San Diego County, 151 E. Carmel St., San Marcos, CA 92078
| | - Loretta M Bates
- University of California Cooperative Extension, San Diego County, 151 E. Carmel St., San Marcos, CA 92078
| | - James A Bethke
- University of California Cooperative Extension, San Diego County, 151 E. Carmel St., San Marcos, CA 92078.
| | - Ed Lewis
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Gary Tanizaki
- University of California Cooperative Extension, San Diego County, 151 E. Carmel St., San Marcos, CA 92078
| | - Joseph G Morse
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Kris E Godfrey
- Contained Research Facility, University of California, 555 Hopkins Rd., Davis, CA 95618
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Chung MY, López-Pujol J, Chung MG. Comparative genetic structure between Sedum ussuriense and S. kamtschaticum (Crassulaceae), two stonecrops co-occurring on rocky cliffs. Am J Bot 2014; 101:946-956. [PMID: 24907251 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
• Premise of the study: Geographic isolation due to discontinuities of suitable habitat may have significant effects on the genetic structure of plant populations. Even within a few kilometers, physical barriers to gene flow may lead to considerable genetic differentiation among populations.• Methods: Sedum ussuriense is a boreal species that in Korea occurs only in four valleys separated by mountain ranges in Juwangsan National Park and its vicinity (a range of ∼15 km). Its congener S. kamtschaticum, by contrast, co-occurs in the four valleys but also on the intervening mountains. Using 12 allozyme loci, we comparatively assessed genetic variability and structure in 12 population pairs of the two stonecrops.• Key results: While we found high and comparable levels of within-population genetic variation for the two species, among-population divergence was significantly higher in S. ussuriense (FST = 0.261 vs. FST = 0.165). Sedum ussuriense also showed a much higher percentage of among-valley variation (19%) than S. kamtschaticum (4%).• Conclusions: High levels of genetic diversity in the two Sedum species are consistent with the previous hypothesis that mountains of the Korean Peninsula served as glacial refugia for many boreal species. Given that the two congeners have similar life-history traits, the lower among-population differentiation in S. kamtschaticum is attributable to its higher abundance and more continuous distribution in the study area. This study confirms the central role of geographic isolation in the genetic structure of plant species even at very small scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yoon Chung
- Department of Biology and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- BioC, GReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Myong Gi Chung
- Department of Biology and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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