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Lu N, Mei X, Li X, Tang X, Yang G, Xiang W. Preventive effects of caffeine on nicotine plus high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and gain weight: a possible explanation for why obese smokers with high coffee consumption tend to be leaner. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1342-1351. [PMID: 38149470 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder, affecting approximately 25 % of the population. Coffee-drinking obese smokers exhibit lower body weights and decreased NAFLD rates, but the reasons behind this remain unclear. Additionally, the effect of nicotine, the main component of tobacco, on the development of NAFLD is still controversial. Our study aimed to explore the possible reasons that drinking coffee could alleviate NAFLD and gain weight and identify the real role of nicotine in NAFLD of obese smokers. A NAFLD model in mice was induced by administering nicotine and a high-fat diet (HFD). We recorded changes in body weight and daily food intake, measured the weights of the liver and visceral fat, and observed liver and adipose tissue histopathology. Lipid levels, liver function, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum inflammatory cytokine levels and the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Our results demonstrated that nicotine exacerbated the development of NAFLD and caffeine had a hepatoprotective effect on NAFLD. The administration of caffeine could ameliorate nicotine-plus-HFD-induced NAFLD by reducing lipid accumulation, regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, alleviating oxidative stress, attenuating inflammatory response and restoring hepatic functions. These results might explain why obese smokers with high coffee consumption exhibit the lower incidence rate of NAFLD and tend to be leaner. It is essential to emphasise that the detrimental impact of smoking on health is multifaceted. Smoking cessation remains the sole practical and effective strategy for averting the tobacco-related complications and reducing the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyan Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Mei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Dai HD, Michaud T, Guenzel N, Morgan M, Cohen SM. Biomarker Assessment of Nicotine Exposure Among Adolescent E-Cigarette Users: 2018-2019. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023062424. [PMID: 38463008 PMCID: PMC10979298 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing prevalence of vaping e-cigarettes among adolescents, there remains a lack of population-level assessments regarding the objective measurement of nicotine exposure. METHODS This study analyzed a nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study conducted between 2018 and 2019. Urinary nicotine metabolites, including cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3-HC), were assessed among exclusive nonnicotine e-cigarette users (n = 56), exclusive nicotine e-cigarette users (n = 200), and nonusers (n = 1059). We further examined nicotine exposure by past 30-day vaping frequency (ie, occasional [1-5 days], intermittent [6-19 days], and frequent [20+ days]) and flavor types among nicotine e-cigarette users. Multivariable linear regressions tested pairwise group effects, and biomarkers were normalized by the log transformation. RESULTS Compared with nonusers, both nonnicotine and nicotine e-cigarette users exhibited higher levels of cotinine and 3-HC. Nicotine e-cigarette users had mean cotinine concentrations (61.3; 95% confidence interval, 23.8-158.0, ng/mg creatinine) approximately 146 times higher (P < .0001) than nonusers (0.4; 0.3-0.5), whereas nonnicotine users (4.9; 1.0-23.2) exhibited cotinine concentrations ∼12 times higher (P = .02). Among nicotine e-cigarette users, the levels of cotinine and 3-HC increased by vaping frequency, with cotinine increasing from 10.1 (2.5-40.1) among occasional users to 73.6 (31.8-170.6) among intermittent users and 949.1 (482.5-1866.9) among frequent users. Nicotine exposure was not significantly different by flavor type. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use poses health-related risks resulting from nicotine exposure among adolescents. Comprehensive regulations of e-cigarette products and marketing, vaping prevention, cessation, and public policies are needed to prevent youth from developing nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mathuri Morgan
- College of Public Health
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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3
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Fisher ML, Prantzalos ER, O'Donovan B, Anderson TL, Sahoo PK, Twiss JL, Ortinski PI, Turner JR. Dynamic effects of ventral hippocampal NRG3/ERBB4 signaling on nicotine withdrawal-induced responses. Neuropharmacology 2024; 247:109846. [PMID: 38211698 PMCID: PMC10923109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death in the United States, with approximately a 5% success rate for smokers attempting to quit. High relapse rates have been linked to several genetic factors, indicating that the mechanistic relationship between genes and drugs of abuse is a valuable avenue for the development of novel smoking cessation therapies. For example, various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene for neuregulin 3 (NRG3) and its cognate receptor, the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 (ERBB4), have been linked to nicotine addiction. Our lab has previously shown that ERBB4 plays a role in anxiety-like behavior during nicotine withdrawal (WD); however, the neuronal mechanisms and circuit-specific effects of NRG3-ERBB4 signaling during nicotine and WD are unknown. The present study utilizes genetic, biochemical, and functional approaches to examine the anxiety-related behavioral and functional role of NRG3-ERBB4 signaling, specifically in the ventral hippocampus (VH) of male and female mice. We report that 24hWD from nicotine is associated with altered synaptic expression of VH NRG3 and ERBB4, and genetic disruption of VH ErbB4 leads to an elimination of anxiety-like behaviors induced during 24hWD. Moreover, we observed attenuation of GABAergic transmission as well as alterations in Ca2+-dependent network activity in the ventral CA1 area of VH ErbB4 knock-down mice during 24hWD. Our findings further highlight contributions of the NRG3-ERBB4 signaling pathway to anxiety-related behaviors seen during nicotine WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Fisher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily R Prantzalos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bernadette O'Donovan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tanner L Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Pavel I Ortinski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Cao H, Li B, Mu M, Li S, Chen H, Tao H, Wang W, Zou Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Tao X. Nicotine suppresses crystalline silica-induced astrocyte activation and neuronal death by inhibiting NF-κB in the mouse hippocampus. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14508. [PMID: 37864452 PMCID: PMC11017465 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Exposure to crystalline silica (CS) in occupational settings induces chronic inflammation in the respiratory system and, potentially, the brain. Some workers are frequently concurrently exposed to both CS and nicotine. Here, we explored the impact of nicotine on CS-induced neuroinflammation in the mouse hippocampus. METHODS In this study, we established double-exposed models of CS and nicotine in C57BL/6 mice. To assess depression-like behavior, experiments were conducted at 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Serum inflammatory factors were analyzed by ELISA. Hippocampus was collected for RNA sequencing analysis and examining the gene expression patterns linked to inflammation and cell death. Microglia and astrocyte activation and hippocampal neuronal death were assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the NF-κB expression level. RESULTS Mice exposed to CS for 3 weeks showed signs of depression. This was accompanied by elevated IL-6 in blood, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and activation of astrocytes caused by an increased NF-κB expression in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. The elevated levels of astrocyte-derived Lcn2 and upregulated genes related to inflammation led to higher neuronal mortality. Moreover, nicotine mitigated the NF-κB expression, astrocyte activation, and neuronal death, thereby ameliorating the associated symptoms. CONCLUSION Silica exposure induces neuroinflammation and neuronal death in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region and depressive behavior. However, nicotine inhibits CS-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, alleviating depressive-like behaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Min Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of PharmacyBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Haoming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Huihui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Wenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Yuanjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Yehong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and SafetyAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental CenterAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanChina
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Zhao HZ, Guo ZW, Wang ZL, Wang C, Luo XY, Han NN, Li CR, Zheng HD, Hui ZY, Long Y, Zhao YL, Li QJ, Wang SY, Zhang GW. A Comparative Study of the Effects of Electronic Cigarette and Traditional Cigarette on the Pulmonary Functions of C57BL/6 Male Mice. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:474-483. [PMID: 37535700 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) are in a controversial state. Although E-cig aerosol generally contains fewer harmful substances than smoke from burned traditional cigarettes, aerosol along with other compounds of the E-cigs may also affect lung functions and promote the development of lung-related diseases. We investigated the effects of E-cig on the pulmonary functions of male C57BL/6 mice and reveal the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 60 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups. They were exposed to fresh-air, traditional cigarette smoke, E-cig vapor with 12 mg/mL of nicotine, and E-cig with no nicotine for 8 weeks. Lung functions were evaluated by using quantitative analysis of the whole body plethysmograph, FlexiVent system, lung tissue histological and morphometric analysis, and RT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes. In addition, the effects of nicotine and acrolein on the survival rate and DNA damage were investigated using cultured human alveolar basal epithelial cells. RESULTS Exposure to E-cig vapor led to significant changes in lung functions and structures including the rupture of the alveolar cavity and enlarged alveolar space. The pathological changes were also accompanied by increased expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that the safety of E-cig should be further evaluated. IMPLICATIONS Some people currently believe that using nicotine-free E-cigs is a safe way to smoke. However, our research shows that E-cigs can cause lung damage regardless of whether they contain nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- People's Hospital of Shaanxi province, Xi'an, China
- Office of Graduate Student Affairs, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Wei Guo
- Xi'an Gem Flower Chang Qing Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhang-Li Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xian-Yu Luo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ning-Ning Han
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen-Rui Li
- Academy of life sciences, northwestern polytechnical university, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua-Dong Zheng
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Yi Hui
- The second clinical medical school of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Long
- The second clinical medical school of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Lei Zhao
- The second clinical medical school of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Office of Graduate Student Affairs, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Ouyang X, Liu G, Guo L, Wu G, Xu P, Zhao YL, Tang H. A multifunctional flavoprotein monooxygenase HspB for hydroxylation and C-C cleavage of 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0225523. [PMID: 38415602 PMCID: PMC10952382 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02255-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavoprotein monooxygenases catalyze reactions, including hydroxylation and epoxidation, involved in the catabolism, detoxification, and biosynthesis of natural substrates and industrial contaminants. Among them, the 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine (HSP) monooxygenase (HspB) from Pseudomonas putida S16 facilitates the hydroxylation and C-C bond cleavage of the pyridine ring in nicotine. However, the mechanism for biodegradation remains elusive. Here, we refined the crystal structure of HspB and elucidated the detailed mechanism behind the oxidative hydroxylation and C-C cleavage processes. Leveraging structural information about domains for binding the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and HSP substrate, we used molecular dynamics simulations and quantum/molecular mechanics calculations to demonstrate that the transfer of an oxygen atom from the reactive FAD peroxide species (C4a-hydroperoxyflavin) to the C3 atom in the HSP substrate constitutes a rate-limiting step, with a calculated reaction barrier of about 20 kcal/mol. Subsequently, the hydrogen atom was rebounded to the FAD cofactor, forming C4a-hydroxyflavin. The residue Cys218 then catalyzed the subsequent hydrolytic process of C-C cleavage. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the versatile functions of flavoproteins in the natural transformation of pyridine and HspB in nicotine degradation.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas putida S16 plays a pivotal role in degrading nicotine, a toxic pyridine derivative that poses significant environmental challenges. This study highlights a key enzyme, HspB (6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine monooxygenase), in breaking down nicotine through the pyrrolidine pathway. Utilizing dioxygen and a flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor, HspB hydroxylates and cleaves the substrate's side chain. Structural analysis of the refined HspB crystal structure, combined with state-of-the-art computations, reveals its distinctive mechanism. The crucial function of Cys218 was never discovered in its homologous enzymes. Our findings not only deepen our understanding of bacterial nicotine degradation but also open avenues for applications in both environmental cleanup and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Y, Li B, Cao H, Wang F, Mu M, Jin H, Liu J, Fan Z, Tao X. Maternal nicotine exposure promotes hippocampal CeRNA-mediated excitotoxicity and social barriers in adolescent offspring mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 273:116079. [PMID: 38377778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine, an addictive component of cigarettes, causes cognitive defects, particularly when exposure occurs early in life. However, the exact mechanism through which nicotine causes toxicity and alters synaptic plasticity is still not fully understood. The aim of the current study is to examine how non-coding developmental regulatory RNA impacts the hippocampus of mice offspring whose mothers were exposed to nicotine. Female C57BL/6J mice were given nicotine water from one week before pregnancy until end of lactation. Hippocampal tissue from offspring at 20 days post-birth was used for LncRNA and mRNA microarray analysis. Differential expression of LncRNAs and mRNAs associated with neuronal development were screened and validated, and the CeRNA pathway mediating neuronal synaptic plasticity GM13530/miR-7119-3p/mef2c was predicted using LncBase Predicted v.2. Using protein immunoblotting, Golgi staining and behavioral tests, our findings revealed that nicotine exposure in offspring mice increased hippocampal NMDAR receptor, activated receptor-dependent calcium channels, enhanced the formation of NMDAR/nNOS/PSD95 ternary complexes, increased NO synthesis, mediated p38 activation, induced neuronal excitability toxicity. Furthermore, an epigenetic CeRNA regulatory mechanism was identified, which suppresses Mef2c-mediated synaptic plasticity and leads to modifications in the learning and social behavior of the offspring during adolescence. This study uncovers the way in which maternal nicotine exposure results in neurotoxicity in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Zhao
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Bing Li
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hangbing Cao
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Min Mu
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The First Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fan
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Frontier Experimental Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, China.
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8
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Ye A, Li L, Chen H, Tao P, Lou S. Nicotine regulates abnormal macrophage polarization and trophoblast invasion associated with preterm labor via the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis. Placenta 2024; 147:42-51. [PMID: 38308901 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth (PTB) frequently results from the syndrome of preterm labor (PTL). PTL is linked to an atypical maternal inflammatory response, as well as intrauterine inflammation and/or infection. In this study, we explored the mechanisms involved in nicotine-mediated abnormal macrophage polarization and trophoblast invasion associated with PTL. METHODS First, THP-1-M0 macrophages were generated by treating the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for a duration of 24 h. Afterward, nicotine treatment was administered, followed by coculturing with the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line (HTR-8) at a ratio of 1:1. Next, we transfected sh-α7nAChR and treated THP-1-M0 macrophages and HTR-8 cells with nicotine. In addition, we transfected THP-1-M0 macrophages with sh-NC or sh-SIRT1 or subjected them to 4 nM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolic inhibitor FK866 treatment. Moreover, HTR-8 cells were treated with nicotine, after which THP-1-M0 macrophages were cocultured with HTR-8 cells. Finally, we constructed an in vivo RU486-induced PTL rat model to verify the effect of nicotine and the mechanisms involved. RESULTS We found that nicotine affected polarization and α7nAChR expression in HTR-8 cocultured THP-1-M0 macrophages. Knocking down α7nAChR blocked the effect of nicotine on the proliferation and invasion of HTR-8 cells. Furthermore, nicotine activated the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis to regulate THP-1-M0 macrophage polarization through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Additionally, NAD metabolism mediated the role of the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis in nicotine-induced polarization of HTR-8 cocultured THP-1-M0 macrophages. In vivo experiments demonstrated that nicotine alleviated inflammation in PTL rats, which involved the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis. CONCLUSION Nicotine regulated abnormal macrophage polarization and trophoblast invasion associated with PTL via the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
| | - Liling Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
| | - Haozhong Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
| | - Ping Tao
- Department of Medical Administrating, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China.
| | - Shuiping Lou
- Department of Obstetrics, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China.
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9
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Kanamori K, Ahmad SM, Hamid A, Lutfy K. Chronic Exposure to E-Cigarettes Elevates CYP2A5 Activity, Protein Expression, and Cotinine-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:171-179. [PMID: 38195520 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coumarin 7'-hydroxylase activity, a specific marker of CYP2A5 activity, and the protein level were measured in liver microsomes of male mice after chronic exposure to e-cigarettes (e-cigs) (2.4% nicotine). After exposure for 240 minutes per day for 5 days, the activity and the protein level in preproenkephalin (ppENK)-heterozygous [ppENK (+/-)] mice were significantly elevated (P <0.05) compared with the untreated control. This elevation was not due to deletion of the ppENK gene because the activity did not differ among untreated ppENK (+/-), ppENK (-/-), and wild-type ppENK (+/+) controls. Hence, the elevation can reasonably be attributed to nicotine exposure. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon incubation of the hepatic microsomes of these mice with cotinine was higher in microsomes from the e-cig-treated mice compared with the untreated controls (P < 0.01). Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay showed three oxidation products of cotinine, viz trans 3'-hydroxycotinine (3'-HC), 5'-hydroxycotinine (5'-HC), and cotinine N-oxide (CNO) in the plasma of these mice. The result identifies these three oxidation reactions as the source of the observed ROS and also shows that, in nicotine-treated mice, the appropriate "nicotine metabolite ratio" is (3'-HC + 5'-HC + CNO)/cotinine. The results suggest intriguing possibilities that 1) this metabolite ratio may correlate with plasma nicotine clearance and hence impact nicotine's psychoactive effects and 2) chronic e-cig treatment causes ROS-induced oxidative stress, which may play a major role in the regulation of CYP2A5 expression. Our present results clearly show that both the activity and the protein level of CYP2A5 are elevated by repeated exposure to nicotine. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Nicotine, the psychoactive ingredient of tobacco, is eliminated as the oxidation products of cotinine in reactions catalyzed by the enzymes CYP2A5 in mice and CYP2A6 in humans. This study shows that repeated exposure to e-cigarettes elevates the level of CYP2A5 and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The results suggest an intriguing possibility that CYP2A5 may be upregulated by chronic nicotine exposure due to oxidative stress caused by the oxidation of cotinine in this preclinical model of human smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kanamori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (K.K., S.M.A., A.H., K.L.) and Lab Launch, Monrovia, California (K.K.)
| | - Syed M Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (K.K., S.M.A., A.H., K.L.) and Lab Launch, Monrovia, California (K.K.)
| | - Abdul Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (K.K., S.M.A., A.H., K.L.) and Lab Launch, Monrovia, California (K.K.)
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (K.K., S.M.A., A.H., K.L.) and Lab Launch, Monrovia, California (K.K.)
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10
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Üremiş MM, Gürel E, Aslan M, Taşlıdere E. Dexpanthenol protects against nicotine-induced kidney injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis through activation of the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:1105-1114. [PMID: 37606756 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Dexpanthenol (DEX), a subtype of vitamin B5, plays an important role in anabolic reactions, cellular energy and regeneration in the body. Nicotine has been shown to induce kidney damage through the mechanisms of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of DEX against nicotine-induced kidney damage through modulation of the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Male rats were intraperitoneally administered with 0.5 mg/kg/day nicotine and/or 500 mg/kg/day DEX for 8 weeks. Following administration, renal function tests were conducted on serum samples, and histopathological examinations and analysis of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes were performed on tissue samples. Protein levels of Akt, Nrf-2, HO-1, Bcl-xL, and Caspase-9 were also evaluated. Nicotine administration resulted in decreased protein levels of p-Akt, Nrf-2, HO-1, and Bcl-xL and increased Caspase-9 protein levels. In addition, nicotine administration caused an increase in MDA, TOS, and OSI levels and a decrease in GSH, GSH-Px, GST, CAT, SOD, and TAS levels. Additionally, BUN and Creatinine levels increased after nicotine administration. DEX administration positively regulated these parameters and brought them closer to control levels. Nicotine-induced kidney injury caused apoptosis and oxidative stress through Caspase-9 activation. DEX effectively prevented nicotine-induced kidney damage by increasing intracellular antioxidant levels and regulating apoptosis through Bcl-xL activation. These findings suggest that DEX has potential as a protective agent against nicotine-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mehdi Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Elif Gürel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Meral Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Taşlıdere
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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11
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Borkar NA, Thompson MA, Bartman CM, Khalfaoui L, Sine S, Sathish V, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. Nicotinic receptors in airway disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L149-L163. [PMID: 38084408 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With continued smoking of tobacco products and expanded use of nicotine delivery devices worldwide, understanding the impact of smoking and vaping on respiratory health remains a major global unmet need. Although multiple studies have shown a strong association between smoking and asthma, there is a relative paucity of mechanistic understanding of how elements in cigarette smoke impact the airway. Recognizing that nicotine is a major component in both smoking and vaping products, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which nicotine impacts airways and promotes lung diseases such as asthma. There is now increasing evidence that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are critical players in nicotine effects on airways, but the mechanisms by which α7nAChR influences different airway cell types have not been widely explored. In this review, we highlight and integrate the current state of knowledge regarding nicotine and α7nAChR in the context of asthma and identify potential approaches to alleviate the impact of smoking and vaping on the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Latifa Khalfaoui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Steven Sine
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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12
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Wang X, Wang Q, Song M, Wang Y, Shen X, Sun Y, Guo C, Geng P, Ma C, Jin X. Chronic but not acute nicotine treatment ameliorates acute inflammation-induced working memory impairment by increasing CRTC1 and HCN2 in adult male mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14627. [PMID: 38353058 PMCID: PMC10865150 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation in which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is released into circulation can cause cognitive dysfunction and we have previously shown that LPS impaired working memory (WM) which refers to the ability to guide incoming behavior by retrieving recently acquired information. However, the mechanism is not very clear, and currently, there is no approved strategy to improve inflammation-induced WM deficit. Notably, epidemiological studies have demonstrated a lower occurrence rate of inflammatory-related diseases in smoking patients, suggesting that inflammation-induced WM impairment may be improved by nicotine treatment. Here, our object is to investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on LPS-produced WM deficiency. METHODS Delayed alternation T-maze task (DAT) was applied for evaluating WM which includes both the short-term information storage and the ability to correct errors in adult male mice. Immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting were used for assessing the levels and distribution of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) and hyperpolarization-activated cation channels 2 (HCN2) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. Quantitative PCR and ELISA were employed for analyzing the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. RESULTS Our results revealed that administration of LPS (i.p.) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg significantly produced WM impairment in the DAT task accompanied by an increase in IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the mPFC. Moreover, intra-mPFC infusion of IL-1Ra, an IL-1 antagonist, markedly alleviated LPS-induced WM deficiency. More important, chronic (2 weeks) but not acute nicotine (0.2 mg/kg, subcutaneous) treatment significantly alleviated LPS-induced WM deficiency by upregulating CRTC1 and HCN2. Of note, intra-mPFC infusion of HCN blocker ZD7288 produced significant WM deficiency. CONCLUSIONS In summary, in this study, we show that chronic nicotine treatment ameliorates acute inflammation-induced working memory deficiency by increasing CRTC1 and HCN2 in adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- School of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Song
- Institute of NeuroscienceThe Second The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xianzhi Shen
- Institute of NeuroscienceThe Second The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yanyun Sun
- Institute of NeuroscienceThe Second The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chun Guo
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Panpan Geng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chaolin Ma
- School of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceThe Second The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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13
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Del Calvo G, Pollard CM, Baggio Lopez T, Borges JI, Suster MS, Lymperopoulos A. Nicotine Diminishes Alpha2-Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Protection Against Oxidative Stress in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:71-80. [PMID: 38229917 PMCID: PMC10790636 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s432453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nicotine is a major component of cigarette smoke with various detrimental cardiovascular effects, including increased oxidative stress in the heart. Agonism of α2-adrenergic receptors (ARs), such as with dexmedetomidine, has been documented to exert cardioprotective effects against oxidative stress and related apoptosis and necroptosis. α2-ARs are membrane-residing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that primarily activate Gi/o proteins. They are also subjected to GPCR-kinase (GRK)-2-dependent desensitization, which entails phosphorylation of the agonist-activated receptor by GRK2 to induce its decoupling from G proteins, thus terminating α2AR-mediated G protein signaling. Objective In the present study, we sought to examine the effects of nicotine on α2AR signaling and effects in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to H2O2 to induce oxidative cellular damage. Methods and Results As expected, treatment of H9c2 cardiomyocytes with H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability and increased oxidative stress, as assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated fluorescence levels (DCF assay) and superoxide dismutase activity. Both H2O2 effects were partly rescued by α2AR activation with brimonidine in control cardiomyocytes but not in cells pretreated with nicotine for 24 hours, in which brimonidine was unable to reduce H2O2-induced cell death and oxidative stress. This was due to severe α2AR desensitization, manifested as very low Gi protein activation by brimonidine, and accompanied by GRK2 upregulation in nicotine-treated cardiomyocytes. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) blocked H2O2-dependent oxidative damage in nicotine-pretreated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, indicating that α2AR activation protects against oxidative injury via its classic coupling to Gai-mediated AC inhibition. Discussion/Conclusions Nicotine can negate the cardioprotective effects of α2AR agonists against oxidative injury, which may have important implications for patients treated with this class of drugs that are chronic tobacco smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Del Calvo
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Teresa Baggio Lopez
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Malka S Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
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Jasper AE, Faniyi AA, Davis LC, Grudzinska FS, Halston R, Hazeldine J, Parekh D, Sapey E, Thickett DR, Scott A. E-cigarette vapor renders neutrophils dysfunctional due to filamentous actin accumulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:320-329.e8. [PMID: 37678576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use continues to rise despite concerns of long-term effects, especially the risk of developing lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Neutrophils are central to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with changes in phenotype and function implicated in tissue damage. OBJECTIVE We sought to measure the impact of direct exposure to nicotine-containing and nicotine-free e-cigarette vapor on human neutrophil function and phenotype. METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from the whole blood of self-reported nonsmoking, nonvaping healthy volunteers. Neutrophils were exposed to 40 puffs of e-cigarette vapor generated from e-cigarette devices using flavorless e-cigarette liquids with and without nicotine before functions, deformability, and phenotype were assessed. RESULTS Neutrophil surface marker expression was altered, with CD62L and CXCR2 expression significantly reduced in neutrophils treated with e-cigarette vapor containing nicotine. Neutrophil migration to IL-8, phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus pHrodo bioparticles, oxidative burst response, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated neutrophil extracellular trap formation were all significantly reduced by e-cigarette vapor treatments, independent of nicotine content. E-cigarette vapor induced increased levels of baseline polymerized filamentous actin levels in the cytoplasm, compared with untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS The significant reduction in effector neutrophil functions after exposure to high-power e-cigarette devices, even in the absence of nicotine, is associated with excessive filamentous actin polymerization. This highlights the potentially damaging impact of vaping on respiratory health and reinforces the urgency of research to uncover the long-term health implications of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Jasper
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aduragbemi A Faniyi
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren C Davis
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Frances S Grudzinska
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Halston
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; PIONEER HDR-UK Hub in Acute Care, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Scott
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Medaglio D, Bilker WB, Han X, Merlin JS, Plankey M, Martin J, Crane HM, Hojat LS, Bamford L, Schnoll R, Tyndale RF, Ashare RL, Gross R. Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Decreases After Switching Off Efavirenz-Based Therapy in People With HIV Who Smoke. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:80-85. [PMID: 37787039 PMCID: PMC10752215 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Rates of cigarette smoking in people with HIV (PWH) are two to three times higher than in people without HIV. Nicotine is metabolized by CYP2A6 and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; 3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) is a measure of nicotine clearance. Higher NMR has been observed in PWH and is associated with lower quit rates. Efavirenz, a mainstay antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally, partially upregulates its own metabolism through CYP2A6. We hypothesized that efavirenz also upregulates nicotine metabolism by CYP2A6, resulting in a higher NMR, and switching to non-efavirenz ART would decrease the NMR, potentially leading to improved quit rates. We compared the NMR during and after efavirenz use among PWH in a longitudinal, multisite cohort. Eligibility criteria included: (i) active cigarette smoking, (ii) ART switched from efavirenz-based to non-efavirenz-based regimen, (iii) plasma available at pre- and post-ART switch, and (iv) viral suppression during study period. Plasma cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. T-tests compared the NMR on and off efavirenz. Samples were collected between 2010 and 2019 in 72 PWH. The mean NMR difference after switching to a non-efavirenz-based regimen was -0.24 (SD: 0.37, P < 0.001); 44 PWH had at least a 0.1 decrease in NMR. Effect modification by race was present; Black PWH had a larger mean decrease. Our findings suggest that previously observed higher NMR among PWH may be due to direct pharmacologic effects of ART. Assessing the effect of ART on the NMR suggests that avoiding nicotine metabolism inducers could potentially increase quit rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Medaglio
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Warren B. Bilker
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica S. Merlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Heidi M. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leila S. Hojat
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura Bamford
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca L. Ashare
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Song S, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yang A, Li F. Low H3K27me3 deposition at CYP82E4 determines the nicotinic conversion rate in Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108234. [PMID: 38056040 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine conversion is the process by which nornicotine is synthesized from nicotine. The capacity of a plant to carry out this process is represented by the nicotine conversion rate (NCR), which is defined as the percentage of nornicotine content out of the total nicotine + nornicotine content. Nicotine conversion in tobacco is mediated by CYP82E4. Although there are cultivar-specific differences in NCR, these do not correspond to differences in the CYP82E4 promoter or gene body sequences, and little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanism. Here, we found that histone H3 Lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) was involved in CYP82E4 expression, functioning as a transcriptional repressor. Compared to a high-NCR near-isogenic line, a low-NCR cultivar showed increased levels of the repressive histone modification markers H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 at CYP82E4. Comparison of histone markers between several cultivars with varying NCRs showed that H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 levels were significantly associated with cultivar-specific differences in NCR. Treatment with the H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 increased total H3K27me3 levels and enriched H3K27me3 at the CYP82E4 locus; the increased levels of H3K27me3 further inhibited CYP82E4 expression. Knocking out E(z), an indispensable gene for H3K27me3 formation, decreased H3K27me3 levels at CYP82E4, leading to a more than three-fold increase in CYP82E4 expression. Changes in CYP82E4 expression during leaf senescence and chilling stress were also strongly correlated with H3K27me3 levels. These findings reveal a strong correlation between CYP82E4 expression and histone modifications, and demonstrate an instance of histone-mediated alkaloid regulation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Song
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Fengxia Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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17
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Pym A, Troczka BJ, Hayward A, Zeng B, Gao CF, Elias J, Slater R, Zimmer CT, Bass C. The role of the Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum cytochrome-P450 clade CYP6DPx in resistance to nicotine and neonicotinoids. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 198:105743. [PMID: 38225086 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The alkaloid, nicotine, produced by tobacco and other Solanaceae as an anti-herbivore defence chemical is one of the most toxic natural insecticides in nature. However, some insects, such as the whitefly species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci show strong tolerance to this allelochemical and can utilise tobacco as a host. Here, we used biological, molecular and functional approaches to investigate the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in nicotine tolerance in T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci. Insecticide bioassays revealed that feeding on tobacco resulted in strong induced tolerance to nicotine in both species. Transcriptome profiling of both species reared on tobacco and bean hosts revealed profound differences in the transcriptional response these host plants. Interrogation of the expression of P450 genes in the host-adapted lines revealed that P450 genes belonging to the CYP6DP subfamily are strongly upregulated in lines reared on tobacco. Functional characterisation of these P450s revealed that CYP6DP1 and CYP6DP2 of T. vaporariorum and CYP6DP3 of B. tabaci confer resistance to nicotine in vivo. These three genes, in addition to the B. tabaci P450 CYP6DP5, were also found to confer resistance to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid. Our data provide new insight into the molecular basis of nicotine resistance in insects and illustrates how divergence in the evolution of P450 genes in this subfamily in whiteflies may have impacted the extent to which different species can tolerate a potent natural insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pym
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
| | - Bartlomiej J Troczka
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Angela Hayward
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Bin Zeng
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE Penryn, Cornwall, UK; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jan Elias
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, Basel CH4002, Switzerland
| | - Russell Slater
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, Basel CH4002, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH4332, Switzerland
| | - Chris Bass
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE Penryn, Cornwall, UK
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18
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Zhang ZY, Ji B, Liu YT, Fang Y, Ge YP, Xie YN, Wang JJ, Shi TY, Sakurai R, Rehan VK. Mechanism of effects of electroacupuncture on memory and cognitive impairment in offspring rats with perinatal nicotine exposure. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2023; 48:1218-1226. [PMID: 38146244 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20230044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on memory, cognitive impairment, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 1(NMDAR1) pathway in the brains of offspring rat with intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR) induced by perinatal nicotine exposure(PNE), so as to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, and EA groups, with 4 mothers and 10 offspring rats of each mother in each group. The IUGR model was established by subcutaneous injection of nicotine during pregnancy and lactation. From the 6th day of pregnancy in the mothers until the 21st day after birth of the offspring rats, EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 1 mA) was administered bilaterally at the "Zusanli"(ST36) of mothers, once daily for 20 min. The brain organ coefficient was used to evaluate the brain development of the offspring rats. The Y-maze test and novel object recognition experiments were performed to assess memory and cognitive function. HE staining was used to observe the development and cellular morphology of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the offspring rats. UV spectrophotometry was used to measure the glutamate(Glu) content in the hippocampus. ELISA was used to detect the BDNF content in the hippocampus. Western blot was performed to measure the protein expression of NMDAR1 in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was used to count the number of BDNF-positive cells in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the brain organ coefficient, exploration time of the novel arm, spontaneous alternation rate, and novel object recognition index, contents of BDNF and expression of NMDAR1 proteins in the hippocampus, the number of BDNF-positive cells in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were significantly reduced(P<0.01), while the Glu content in the hippocampus was significantly increased(P<0.01) in the model group of offspring rats;decreased cell number, scattered arrangement, and disrupted cellular structure were observed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of offspring rats in the model group. Compared with the model group, the brain organ coefficient, exploration time of the novel arm, spontaneous alternation rate, and novel object recognition index, the BDNF contents and NMDAR1 protein expression in the hippocampus, the number of BDNF-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and prefrontal cortex significantly increased(P<0.01, P<0.05), while the Glu content in the hippocampus was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in offspring rats of the EA group;increased cell number, neat arrangement, and reduced cellular damage were observed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the EA group. CONCLUSIONS EA has an improving effect on memory and cognitive function impairment in offspring rats with IUGR induced by PNE, and this mechanism may be associated with the regulation of BDNF/NMDAR1 pathway, thereby improving the neuronal quantity and structure of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bo Ji
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yi-Tian Liu
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Fang
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun-Peng Ge
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ya-Na Xie
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tian-Yu Shi
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Reiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles 90001, USA
| | - Virender Kumar Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles 90001, USA
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19
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Goyal N, Do C, Sridhar J, Shaik S, Thompson A, Perry T, Carter L, Foroozesh M. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Studies of Flavone-Based Esters and Acids as Potential P450 2A6 Inhibitors. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1973-1979. [PMID: 37963190 PMCID: PMC10731637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
As a potential means for smoking cessation and consequently prevention of smoking-related diseases and mortality, in this study, our goal was to investigate the inhibition of nicotine metabolism by P450 2A6. Smoking is the main cause of many diseases and disabilities and harms nearly every organ of the body. As reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 16 million Americans are living with diseases caused by smoking. On average, the life expectancy of a smoker is about 10 years less than a nonsmoker. Smoking cessation can substantially reduce the incidence of smoking-related diseases, including cancer. At least, 70 of the more than 7000 cigarette smoke components, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitrosamines, and aromatic amines, are known carcinogens. Nicotine is the compound responsible for the addictive and psychopharmacological effects of tobacco. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are responsible for the phase I metabolism of many tobacco components, including nicotine. Nicotine is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450s 2A6 and 2A13 to cotinine. This metabolism decreases the amount of available nicotine in the bloodstream, leading to increased smoking behavior and thus exposure to tobacco toxicants and carcinogens. Here, we report the syntheses and P450 2A6 inhibitory activities of a number of new flavone-based esters and acids. Three of the flavone derivatives studied were found to be potent competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. Docking studies were used to determine the possible mechanisms of the activity of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Goyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Camilla Do
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Shahensha Shaik
- Cell
and Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic Core, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Anthony Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Timothy Perry
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Loren Carter
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Maryam Foroozesh
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
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20
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Yu M, Lin L, Xu K, Xu M, Ren J, Niu X, Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Dang J, Tao Q, Han S, Wang W, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Changes in aspartate metabolism in the medial-prefrontal cortex of nicotine addicts based on J-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6429-6438. [PMID: 37909379 PMCID: PMC10681642 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the changes of the aspartate (Asp) level in the medial-prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of subjects with nicotine addiction (nicotine addicts [NAs]) using the J-edited 1 H MR spectroscopy (MRS), which may provide a positive imaging evidence for intervention of NA. From March to August 2022, 45 males aged 40-60 years old were recruited from Henan Province, including 21 in NA and 24 in nonsmoker groups. All subjects underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and J-edited MRS scans on a 3.0 T MRI scanner. The Asp level in mPFC was quantified with reference to the total creatine (Asp/Cr) and water (Aspwater-corr , with correction of the brain tissue composition) signals, respectively. Two-tailed independent samples t-test was used to analyze the differences in levels of Asp and other coquantified metabolites (including total N-acetylaspartate [tNAA], total cholinine [tCho], total creatine [tCr], and myo-Inositol [mI]) between the two groups. Finally, the correlations of the Asp level with clinical characteristic assessment scales were performed using the Spearman criteria. Compared with the control group (n = 22), NAs (n = 18) had higher levels of Asp (Asp/Cr: p = .005; Aspwater-corr : p = .004) in the mPFC, and the level of Asp was positively correlated with the daily smoking amount (Asp/Cr: p < .001; Aspwater-corr : p = .004). No significant correlation was found between the level of Asp and the years of nicotine use, Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ), or Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) score. The elevated Asp level was observed in mPFC of NAs in contrast to nonsmokers, and the Asp level was positively correlated with the amount of daily smoking, which suggests that nicotine addiction may result in elevated Asp metabolism in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Clinical and Technical SupportPhilips HealthcareBeijingChina
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianxin Ren
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinghan Dang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Qiuying Tao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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21
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Hou X, Singh SK, Werkman JR, Liu Y, Yuan Q, Wu X, Patra B, Sui X, Lyu R, Wang B, Liu X, Li Y, Ma W, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Partial desensitization of MYC2 transcription factor alters the interaction with jasmonate signaling components and affects specialized metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126472. [PMID: 37625752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The activity of bHLH transcription factor MYC2, a key regulator in jasmonate signaling and plant specialized metabolism, is sensitive to repression by JASMONATE-ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins and co-activation by the mediator subunit MED25. The substitution of a conserved aspartic acid (D) to asparagine (N) in the JAZ-interacting domain (JID) of Arabidopsis MYC2 affects interaction with JAZ, although the mechanism remained unclear. The effects of the conserved residue MYC2D128 on interaction with MED25 have not been investigated. Using tobacco as a model, we generated all possible substitutions of aspartic acid 128 (D128) in NtMYC2a. NtMYC2aD128N partially desensitized the repression by JAZ proteins, while strongly interacting with MED25, resulting in increased expression of nicotine pathway genes and nicotine accumulation in tobacco hairy roots overexpressing NtMYC2aD128N compared to those overexpressing NtMYC2a. The proline substitution, NtMYC2aD128P, negatively affected transactivation and abolished the interaction with JAZ proteins and MED25. Structural modeling and simulation suggest that the overall stability of the JID binding pocket is a predominant cause for the observed effects of substitutions at D128. The D128N substitution has an overall stabilizing effect on the binding pocket, which is destabilized by D128P. Our study offers an innovative tool to increase the production of plant natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Department of Tobacco, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Joshua R Werkman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Qinghua Yuan
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiqing Lyu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030815, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
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22
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Borkar NA, Thompson MA, Bartman CM, Sathish V, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. Nicotine affects mitochondrial structure and function in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L803-L818. [PMID: 37933473 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00158.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke and e-cigarettes, with nicotine as the active constituent, contributes to increased health risks associated with asthma. Nicotine exerts its functional activity via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and the alpha7 subtype (α7nAChR) has recently been shown to adversely affect airway dynamics. The mechanisms of α7nAChR action in airways, particularly in the context of airway smooth muscle (ASM), a key cell type in asthma, are still under investigation. Mitochondria have garnered increasing interest for their role in regulating airway tone and adaptations to cellular stress. Here mitochondrial dynamics such as fusion versus fission, and mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m), play an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis. There is currently no information on effects and mechanisms by which nicotine regulates mitochondrial structure and function in ASM in the context of asthma. We hypothesized that nicotine disrupts mitochondrial morphology, fission-fusion balance, and [Ca2+]m regulation, with altered mitochondrial respiration and bioenergetics in the context of asthmatic ASM. Using human ASM (hASM) cells from nonasthmatics, asthmatics, and smokers, we examined the effects of nicotine on mitochondrial dynamics and [Ca2+]m. Fluorescence [Ca2+]m imaging of hASM cells with rhod-2 showed robust responses to 10 μM nicotine, particularly in asthmatics and smokers. In both asthmatics and smokers, nicotine increased the expression of fission proteins while decreasing fusion proteins. Seahorse analysis showed blunted oxidative phosphorylation parameters in response to nicotine in these groups. α7nAChR siRNA blunted nicotine effects, rescuing [Ca2+]m, changes in mitochondrial structural proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These data highlight mitochondria as a target of nicotine effects on ASM, where mitochondrial disruption and impaired buffering could permit downstream effects of nicotine in the context of asthma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Asthma is a major healthcare burden, which is further exacerbated by smoking. Recognizing the smoking risk of asthma, understanding the effects of nicotine on asthmatic airways becomes critical. Surprisingly, the mechanisms of nicotine action, even in normal and especially asthmatic airways, are understudied. Accordingly, the goal of this research is to investigate how nicotine influences asthmatic airways in terms of mitochondrial structure and function, via the a7nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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23
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Yamawaki T. [Nicotine, pesticides, and tobacco, in Three Act Tragedy]. Brain Nerve 2023; 75:1301-1304. [PMID: 38097217 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Since one of the main characters in Three Act Tragedy was an actor, the three murders described in the book have been likened to a curtain. The three seemingly unrelated murders were connected at the end of the story, a thrill unique to the author, Agatha Christie. Nicotine was used in all three murders in this book. Nicotine is highly toxic and was one of the main pesticides used until the mid-20th century. Although its use is currently prohibited, neonicotinoid pesticides, which have reduced toxicity, are still being used. Problems with nicotine intoxication include accidental ingestion by young children, green tobacco sickness, and suicide attempts. When nicotine enters the body, it binds to acetylcholine receptors and causes various symptoms.
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24
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Brembach TC, Sabat R, Witte K, Schwerdtle T, Wolk K. Molecular and functional changes in neutrophilic granulocytes induced by nicotine: a systematic review and critical evaluation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281685. [PMID: 38077313 PMCID: PMC10702484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over 1.1 billion people smoke worldwide. The alkaloid nicotine is a prominent and addictive component of tobacco. In addition to tumors and cardiovascular disorders, tobacco consumption is associated with a variety of chronic-inflammatory diseases. Although neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) play a role in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases, the impact of nicotine on neutrophils has not been systematically reviewed so far. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the direct influence of nicotine on human neutrophil functions, specifically on cell death/damage, apoptosis, chemotaxis, general motility, adhesion molecule expression, eicosanoid synthesis, cytokine/chemokine expression, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), net antimicrobial activity, and enzyme release. Material and methods This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in the databases NCBI Pubmed® and Web of Science™ in February 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised English written research articles, showing in vitro studies on the direct impact of nicotine on specified human neutrophil functions. Results Of the 532 originally identified articles, data from 34 articles were finally compiled after several evaluation steps. The considered studies highly varied in methodological aspects. While at high concentrations (>3 mmol/l) nicotine started to be cytotoxic to neutrophils, concentrations typically achieved in blood of smokers (in the nmol/l range) applied for long exposure times (24-72h) supported the survival of neutrophils. Smoking-relevant nicotine concentrations also increased the chemotaxis of neutrophils towards several chemoattractants, elevated their production of elastase, lipocalin-2, CXCL8, leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2, and reduced their integrin expression. Moreover, while nicotine impaired the neutrophil phagocytotic and anti-microbial activity, a range of studies demonstrated increased NET formation. However, conflicting effects were found on ROS generation, selectin expression and release of β-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase. Conclusion Nicotine seems to support the presence in the tissue and the inflammatory and selected tissue-damaging activity of neutrophils and reduces their antimicrobial functions, suggesting a direct contribution of nicotine to the pathogenesis of chronic-inflammatory diseases via influencing the neutrophil biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa-Charlotte Brembach
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Witte
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lee HS, Chun MR, Lee SY. Simultaneous Measurement and Distribution Analysis of Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine, Trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine, Nornicotine, Anabasine, and Total Nicotine Equivalents in a Large Korean Population. Molecules 2023; 28:7685. [PMID: 38067415 PMCID: PMC10708046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of multiple nicotine metabolites and total nicotine equivalents (TNE) might be a more reliable strategy for tobacco exposure verification than measuring single urinary cotinine alone. We simultaneously measured nicotine, cotinine, 3-OH cotinine, nornicotine, and anabasine using 19,874 urine samples collected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of all samples, 18.6% were positive for cotinine, 17.4% for nicotine, 17.3% for nornicotine, 17.6% for 3-OH cotinine, and 13.2% for anabasine. Of the cotinine negative samples, less than 0.3% were positive for all nicotine metabolites, but not for anabasine (5.7%). The agreement of the classification of smoking status by cotinine combined with nicotine metabolites was 0.982-0.994 (Cohen's kappa). TNE3 (the molar sum of urinary nicotine, cotinine, and 3-OH cotinine) was most strongly correlated with cotinine compared to the other nicotine metabolites; however, anabasine was less strongly correlated with other biomarkers. Among anabasine-positive samples, 30% were negative for nicotine or its metabolites, and 25% were undetectable. Our study shows that the single measurement of urinary cotinine is simple and has a comparable classification of smoking status to differentiate between current smokers and non-smokers relative to the measurement of multiple nicotine metabolites. However, measurement of multiple nicotine metabolites and TNE3 could be useful for monitoring exposure to low-level or secondhand smoke exposure and for determining individual differences in nicotine metabolism. Geometric or cultural factors should be considered for the differentiation of tobacco use from patients with nicotine replacement therapy by anabasine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan-si 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Ryung Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Youn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Raduka A, Gao N, Chatburn RL, Rezaee F. Electronic cigarette exposure disrupts airway epithelial barrier function and exacerbates viral infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L580-L593. [PMID: 37698113 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00135.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), especially among teenagers, has reached alarming and epidemic levels, posing a significant threat to public health. However, the short- and long-term effects of vaping on the airway epithelial barrier are unclear. Airway epithelial cells are the forefront protectors from viruses and pathogens. They contain apical junctional complexes (AJCs), which include tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) formed between adjacent cells. Previously, we reported respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection-related hospitalization in children and high-risk adults, induces a "leaky airway" by disrupting the epithelial AJC structure and function. We hypothesized chemical components of e-cigs disrupt airway epithelial barrier and exacerbate RSV-induced airway barrier dysfunction. Using confluent human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells and well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, we found that exposure to extract and aerosol e-cig nicotine caused a significant decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the structure of the AJC even at noncytotoxic concentrations. Western blot analysis of 16HBE cells exposed to e-cig nicotine extract did not reveal significant changes in AJC proteins. Exposure to aerosolized e-cig cinnamon or menthol flavors also induced barrier disruption and aggravated nicotine-induced airway barrier dysfunction. Moreover, preexposure to nicotine aerosol increased RSV infection and the severity of RSV-induced airway barrier disruption. Our findings demonstrate that e-cig exposure disrupts the airway epithelial barrier and exacerbates RSV-induced damage. Knowledge gained from this study will provide awareness of adverse e-cig respiratory effects and positively impact the mitigation of e-cig epidemic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use, especially in teens, is alarming and at epidemic proportions, threatening public health. Our study shows that e-cig nicotine exposure disrupts airway epithelial tight junctions and increases RSV-induced barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, exposure to aerosolized flavors exaggerates e-cig nicotine-induced airway barrier dysfunction. Our study confirms that individual and combined components of e-cigs deleteriously impact the airway barrier and that e-cig exposure increases susceptibility to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Robert L Chatburn
- Enterprise Respiratory Care Research Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Dai HD, Nollen N, Rennard S, Guenzel N, Pham H, Khan AS. Racial and ethnic disparities in biomarkers of exposure and potential harm among U.S. adult exclusive e-cigarette users: 2013-2019. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 252:110984. [PMID: 37804563 PMCID: PMC10615775 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Provide evidence on racial and ethnic differences in biomarkers of exposure from rising e-cigarette use among U.S. adults. METHODS Data were drawn from Waves 1-5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (September 2013-November 2019). Differences in biomarkers of exposure and potential harm (BOE/BoPH) across non-Hispanic (NH)-Whites, NH Blacks, Hispanic/Latinos, and NH others were examined using generalized estimation equations. RESULTS Among exclusive e-cigarette users, mean concentrations of BOEs/BoPHs were not significantly different across NH Blacks (n=97), NH others (n=122), and NH Whites (n=1062), after adjustment by wave, age, sex, education, exposure to the secondhand smoke, and the number of recent puffs. Compared to NH Whites, Hispanics (n=151) had lower concentrations of nicotine equivalents (0.5[0.2-1.7] vs. 15.5 [12.5-19.1] nmol/mg creatinine, p<.0001), cotinine (33.4[9.7-114.7] vs. 1008.3 [808.3-1257.9] ng/mg creatinine, p<.0001), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) (2.6[1.5-4.4] vs. 5.7 [4.9-6.6] pg/mg creatinine, p=.004), but similar concentrations of BOEs for heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and oxidative stress. Differences between Hispanics and NH Whites are expected, given different e-cigarette use profiles. Specifically, Hispanics were less likely to be daily vapers (49.4[35.1-63.8]% vs 81.3[77.7-84.5]%, p<.0001) and nicotine e-cigarette users (72.7 [64.0-79.9]% vs. 89.2 [86.4-91.5]%, p=.0002] and reported a lower number of recent puffs (mean[standard error]=16.7[3.6] vs. 28.6[2.0], p=.02] than their NH-White counterparts. Hispanic vapers were also less likely than NH Whites to have previously smoked cigarettes (49.7 [37.2-62.3]% vs. 88.5 [84.7-91.5]%, p<.0001]). CONCLUSIONS Hispanic vapers exhibited lower exposure to nicotine metabolites and carcinogens than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. The harm reduction potential from e-cigarette use are likely to be realized across diverse racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Daisy Dai
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
| | - Nikki Nollen
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Stephen Rennard
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nicolas Guenzel
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Hanh Pham
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ali S Khan
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Boussaine K, Taha M, Nìng C, Cartereau A, Rakotobe S, Mateos-Hernandez L, Taillebois E, Šimo L, Thany SH. Isolation and electrophysiological recording of Ixodes ricinus synganglion neurons. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 124:107473. [PMID: 37866797 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system of hard ticks (Ixodidae) consists of a concentrated merged nerve mass known as the synganglion. Although knowledge of tick neurobiology has dramatically improved over the last two decades, this is the first time that isolation and electrophysiological recordings have been carried out on tick neurons from the synganglion. Method: We developed a simple protocol for synganglion neuron isolation and used a whole-cell patch clamp to measure ionic currents induced by acetylcholine, nicotine and muscarine. Relatively large neurons (∼ 25 μm and ∼ 35 μm) were isolated and 1 mM acetylcholine was used to induce strong inward currents of -0.38 ± 0.1 nA and - 1.04 ± 0.1 nA, respectively, with the corresponding cell capacitances being at around 142 pF and 188 pF. In addition, successive application of 1 mM acetylcholine through ∼25 μm and ∼ 35 μm cells for increasing amounts of time resulted in a rapid reduction in current amplitudes. We also found that acetylcholine-evoked currents were associated with a reversible increase in intracellular calcium levels for each neuronal type. In contrast, 1 mM muscarine and nicotine induced a strong and non-reversible increase in intracellular calcium levels. This study serves as a proof of concept for the mechanical isolation of tick synganglion neurons followed by their electrophysiological recording. This approach will aid investigations into the pharmacological properties of tick neurons and provides the tools needed for the identification of drug-targeted sites and effective tick control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Boussaine
- University of Orleans, Laboratory Physiology, Ecology and Environment (P2E) USC-INRAE 1328, 1 rue de Chartres, Orléans Cedex, France; ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 22 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maria Taha
- University of Orleans, Laboratory Physiology, Ecology and Environment (P2E) USC-INRAE 1328, 1 rue de Chartres, Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Cáinà Nìng
- University of Orleans, Laboratory Physiology, Ecology and Environment (P2E) USC-INRAE 1328, 1 rue de Chartres, Orléans Cedex, France; ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 22 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alison Cartereau
- University of Orleans, Laboratory Physiology, Ecology and Environment (P2E) USC-INRAE 1328, 1 rue de Chartres, Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Sabine Rakotobe
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 22 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernandez
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 22 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Emiliane Taillebois
- University of Orleans, Laboratory Physiology, Ecology and Environment (P2E) USC-INRAE 1328, 1 rue de Chartres, Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Ladislav Šimo
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 22 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Steeve H Thany
- University of Orleans, Laboratory Physiology, Ecology and Environment (P2E) USC-INRAE 1328, 1 rue de Chartres, Orléans Cedex, France.
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Zammit M, Kao CM, Zhang HJ, Tsai HM, Holderman N, Mitchell S, Tanios E, Bhuiyan M, Freifelder R, Kucharski A, Green WN, Mukherjee J, Chen CT. Evaluation of an Image-Derived Input Function for Kinetic Modeling of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Binding PET Ligands in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15510. [PMID: 37958495 PMCID: PMC10650787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands that bind with high-affinity to α4β2-type nicotinic receptors (α4β2Rs) allow for in vivo investigations of the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction and smoking cessation. Here, we investigate the use of an image-derived arterial input function and the cerebellum for kinetic analysis of radioligand binding in mice. Two radioligands were explored: 2-[18F]FA85380 (2-FA), displaying similar pKa and binding affinity to the smoking cessation drug varenicline (Chantix), and [18F]Nifene, displaying similar pKa and binding affinity to nicotine. Time-activity curves of the left ventricle of the heart displayed similar distribution across wild type mice, mice lacking the β2-subunit for ligand binding, and acute nicotine-treated mice, whereas reference tissue binding displayed high variation between groups. Binding potential estimated from a two-tissue compartment model fit of the data with the image-derived input function were higher than estimates from reference tissue-based estimations. Rate constants of radioligand dissociation were very slow for 2-FA and very fast for Nifene. We conclude that using an image-derived input function for kinetic modeling of nicotinic PET ligands provides suitable results compared to reference tissue-based methods and that the chemical properties of 2-FA and Nifene are suitable to study receptor response to nicotine addiction and smoking cessation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zammit
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chien-Min Kao
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hannah J. Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Samuel Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eve Tanios
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mohammed Bhuiyan
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Anna Kucharski
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - William N. Green
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Waller S, Powell A, Noel R, Schueller MJ, Ferrieri RA. Radiocarbon Flux Measurements Reveal Mechanistic Insight into Heat-Stress Induction of Nicotine Biosynthesis in Nicotiana attenuata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15509. [PMID: 37958493 PMCID: PMC10650385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of high-temperature (HT) stress on nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana attenuata was examined. Nicotine content was measured in mature leaves, young sink leaves, and in roots from well-watered plants grown at 25 °C as controls and from plants exposed to 38 °C and 43 °C temperatures applied for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h duration. At 38 °C, all leaf nicotine levels were significantly less than control plants for up to 72 h exposure but rose sharply thereafter to levels significantly greater than controls with 96 h exposure. In contrast, plants exposed to 43 °C never exhibited a reduction in leaf nicotine content and showed an increase in content with just 48 h exposure. Using radioactive 11CO2 and 13NO3-, we found that HT stress reduced both CO2 fixation and nitrate uptake. Furthermore, radiocarbon flux analysis revealed that 'new' carbon partitioning (as 11C) into the 11C-radiolabeled amino acid (AA) pool was significantly reduced with HT stress as were yields of [11C]-aspartic acid, an important AA in nicotine biosynthesis, and its beta-amido counterpart [11C]-asparagine. In contrast, [12C]-aspartic acid levels appeared unaffected at 38 °C but were elevated at 43 °C relative to controls. [12C]-Asparagine levels were noted to be elevated at both stress temperatures. Since HT reductions in carbon input and nitrogen uptake were noted to impede de novo AA biosynthesis, protein degradation at HT was examined as a source of AAs. Here, leaf total soluble protein (TSP) content was reduced 39% with long exposures to both stress temperatures. However, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) which was 41% TSP appeared unaffected. Altogether, these results support the theory that plant proteins other than Rubisco degrade at elevated temperatures freeing up essential AAs in support of nicotine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser Waller
- Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.W.); (R.N.); (M.J.S.)
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Avery Powell
- Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.W.); (R.N.); (M.J.S.)
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Randi Noel
- Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.W.); (R.N.); (M.J.S.)
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael J. Schueller
- Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.W.); (R.N.); (M.J.S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Richard A. Ferrieri
- Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (S.W.); (R.N.); (M.J.S.)
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Chemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Collier AD, Abdulai AR, Leibowitz SF. Utility of the Zebrafish Model for Studying Neuronal and Behavioral Disturbances Induced by Embryonic Exposure to Alcohol, Nicotine, and Cannabis. Cells 2023; 12:2505. [PMID: 37887349 PMCID: PMC10605371 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 5% of pregnant women consume drugs of abuse during pregnancy. Clinical research suggests that intake of drugs during pregnancy, such as alcohol, nicotine and cannabis, disturbs the development of neuronal systems in the offspring, in association with behavioral disturbances early in life and an increased risk of developing drug use disorders. After briefly summarizing evidence in rodents, this review focuses on the zebrafish model and its inherent advantages for studying the effects of embryonic exposure to drugs of abuse on behavioral and neuronal development, with an emphasis on neuropeptides known to promote drug-related behaviors. In addition to stimulating the expression and density of peptide neurons, as in rodents, zebrafish studies demonstrate that embryonic drug exposure has marked effects on the migration, morphology, projections, anatomical location, and peptide co-expression of these neurons. We also describe studies using advanced methodologies that can be applied in vivo in zebrafish: first, to demonstrate a causal relationship between the drug-induced neuronal and behavioral disturbances and second, to discover underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects. The zebrafish model has great potential for providing important information regarding the development of novel and efficacious therapies for ameliorating the effects of early drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah F. Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Abd Rami AZ, Aminuddin A, Hamid AA, Mokhtar MH, Ugusman A. Nicotine Impairs the Anti-Contractile Function of Perivascular Adipose Tissue by Inhibiting the PPARγ-Adiponectin-AdipoR1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15100. [PMID: 37894791 PMCID: PMC10606313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is an addictive compound found in cigarette smoke that leads to vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect on the underlying vasculature through the production of adipokines, such as adiponectin, which acts on adiponectin receptors 1 (adipoR1) to cause vasorelaxation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates adiponectin gene expression and PVAT development. This study aimed to determine the effect of nicotine on the anti-contractile function of PVAT via the PPARγ-adiponectin-adipoR1 axis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a control group (given normal saline), a nicotine group (given 0.8 mg/kg of nicotine), and a nicotine + PPARγ agonist group (given nicotine and 5 mg/kg of telmisartan). Thoracic aorta PVAT was harvested after 21 days of treatment. The results showed that nicotine reduced the anti-contractile effect of PVAT on the underlying thoracic aorta. Nicotine also decreased the gene and protein expression of PPARγ, adiponectin, and adipoR1 in PVAT. Treatment with telmisartan restored the anti-contractile effect of PVAT and increased the gene and protein expression of PPARγ, adiponectin, and adipoR1 in PVAT. In conclusion, nicotine attenuates the anti-contractile function of PVAT through inhibition of the PPARγ-adiponectin-adipoR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.Z.A.R.); (A.A.H.); (M.H.M.)
| | | | | | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.Z.A.R.); (A.A.H.); (M.H.M.)
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Souza LL, Rossetti CL, Peixoto TC, Manhães AC, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Neonatal nicotine exposure affects adult rat hepatic pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and macroautophagy in a sex-dependent manner. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:639-647. [PMID: 38037831 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves changes in hepatic pathways, as lipogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and macroautophagy. Maternal nicotine exposure exclusively during lactation leads to fatty liver (steatosis) only in the adult male offspring, not in females. Therefore, our hypothesis is that neonatal exposure to nicotine sex-dependently affects the signaling pathways involved in hepatic homeostasis of the offspring, explaining the hepatic lipid accumulation phenotype only in males. For this, between postnatal days 2 and 16, Wistar rat dams were implanted with osmotic minipumps, which released nicotine (NIC; 6 mg/Kg/day) or vehicle. The livers of offspring were evaluated at postnatal day 180. Only the male offspring that had been exposed to nicotine neonatally showed increased protein expression of markers of unfolded protein response (UPR), highlighting the presence of ER stress, as well as disruption of the activation of the macroautophagy repair pathway. These animals also had increased expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and 4-hydroxynonenal, suggesting increased triglyceride esterification and oxidative stress. These parameters were not altered in the female offspring that had been neonatally exposed to nicotine, however they exhibited increased phospho adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pAMPK expression, possibly as a protective mechanism. Thus, the disturbance in the hepatic homeostasis by UPR, macroautophagy, and oxidative stress modifications seem to be the molecular mechanisms underlying the liver steatosis in the adult male offspring of the nicotine-programming model. This highlights the importance of maternal smoking cessation during breastfeeding to decrease the risk of NAFLD development, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lopes Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Cherem Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gong G, Hong Y, Wang X, De Mandal S, Zafar J, Huang L, Jin F, Xu X. Nicotine perturbs the microbiota of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens stål Hemiptera: Delphinidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115383. [PMID: 37634480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts exhibiting co-evolutionary patterns with insect hosts play a vital role in the nutrient synthesis, metabolism, development, reproduction, and immunity of insects. The brown planthopper (BPH) has a strong ability to adapt to various environmental stresses and can develop resistance to broad-spectrum insecticides. We aimed to investigate whether gut symbionts of BPH play a major role in the detoxification of insecticides and host fitness in unfavorable environments. Nicotine-treated rice plants were exposed to BPH (early stage) and the gut microbiome of the emerging female adults were analyzed using high throughput sequencing (HTS). Nicotine administration altered the diversity and community structure of BPH symbionts with significant increases in bacterial members such as Microbacteriaceae, Comamondaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and these changes may be associated with host survival strategies in adverse environments. Furthermore, the in-vitro study showed that four intestinal bacterial strains of BPH (Enterobacter NLB1, Bacillus cereus NL1, Ralstonia NLG26, and Delftia NLG11) could degrade nicotine when grown in a nicotine-containing medium, with the highest degradation (71%) observed in Delftia NLG11. RT-qPCR and ELISA analysis revealed an increased expression level of CYP6AY1 and P450 enzyme activities in Delftia NLG11, respectively. CYP6AY1 increased by 20% under the action of Delftia and nicotine, while P450 enzyme activity increased by 18.1%. After CYP6AY1 interference, nicotine tolerance decreased, and the mortality rate reached 76.65% on the first day and 100% on the third day. Moreover, Delftia NLG11 helped axenic BPHs to increase their survival rate when fed nicotine in the liquid-diet sac (LDS) feeding system. Compared with axenic BPHs, the survival rate improved by 25.11% on day 2% and 6.67% on day 3. These results revealed an altered gut microbiota and a cooperative relationship between Delftia NLG11 and CYP6AY1 in nicotine-treated BPH, suggesting that insects can adapt to a hostile environment by interacting with their symbionts and providing a new idea for integrated pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingying Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Surajit De Mandal
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junaid Zafar
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fengliang Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Lakes JE, Fu X, Harvey BT, Neupane KR, Aryal SP, Ferrell JL, Flythe MD, Richards CI. Impact of nicotine and cotinine on macrophage inflammatory plasticity via vesicular modifications in gastrointestinal bacteria. Anaerobe 2023; 83:102787. [PMID: 37827238 PMCID: PMC10841519 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate mechanistic explanation(s) for compositional changes to enteric microbiota by determining the impacts of continuous nicotine/cotinine exposure on representative gastrointestinal bacteria and how these alterations impact innate immune cell plasticity. METHODS In vitro cultures of the gastrointestinal bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis 25285, Prevotella bryantii B14, and Acetoanaerobium sticklandii SR) were continuously exposed to nicotine or cotinine. Supernatant samples were collected for fermentation acid analysis. Vesicles were collected and analyzed for physiological changes in number, size, and total protein cargo. Cultured macrophages were stimulated to a tolerogenic phenotype, exposed to control or altered (nicotine or cotinine - exposed) vesicles, and inflammatory plasticity assessed via inflammatory cytokine production. RESULTS Nicotine/cotinine exposure differentially affected metabolism of all bacteria tested in a Gram (nicotine) and concentration-dependent (cotinine) manner. Physiological studies demonstrated changes in vesiculation number and protein cargo following nicotine/cotinine exposures. Continuous exposure to 1 μM nicotine and 10 μM cotinine concentrations reduced total protein cargo of Gram (-) - 25285 and B14 vesicles, while cotinine generally increased total protein in Gram (+) - SR vesicles. We found that theses physiological changes to the vesicles of 25285 and SR formed under nicotine and cotinine, respectively, challenged the plasticity of tolerogenic macrophages. Tolerogenic macrophages exposed to vesicles from 1 μM nicotine, and 5 or 10 μΜ cotinine cultures produced significantly less IL-12p70, TNFα, or KC/GRO, regardless of macrophage exposure to nicotine/cotinine. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine/cotinine exposure differentially alters bacterial metabolism and vesicle physiology, ultimately impacting the inflammatory response of tolerogenic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan E Lakes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Xu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Brock T Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Khaga R Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Surya P Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Jessica L Ferrell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Michael D Flythe
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Christopher I Richards
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Vollheyde K, Dudley QM, Yang T, Oz MT, Mancinotti D, Fedi MO, Heavens D, Linsmith G, Chhetry M, Smedley MA, Harwood WA, Swarbreck D, Geu‐Flores F, Patron NJ. An improved Nicotiana benthamiana bioproduction chassis provides novel insights into nicotine biosynthesis. New Phytol 2023; 240:302-317. [PMID: 37488711 PMCID: PMC10952274 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The model plant Nicotiana benthamiana is an increasingly attractive organism for the production of high-value, biologically active molecules. However, N. benthamiana accumulates high levels of pyridine alkaloids, in particular nicotine, which complicates the downstream purification processes. Here, we report a new assembly of the N. benthamiana genome as well as the generation of low-nicotine lines by CRISPR/Cas9-based inactivation of berberine bridge enzyme-like proteins (BBLs). Triple as well as quintuple mutants accumulated three to four times less nicotine than the respective control lines. The availability of lines without functional BBLs allowed us to probe their catalytic role in nicotine biosynthesis, which has remained obscure. Notably, chiral analysis revealed that the enantiomeric purity of nicotine was fully lost in the quintuple mutants. In addition, precursor feeding experiments showed that these mutants cannot facilitate the specific loss of C6 hydrogen that characterizes natural nicotine biosynthesis. Our work delivers an improved N. benthamiana chassis for bioproduction and uncovers the crucial role of BBLs in the stereoselectivity of nicotine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Vollheyde
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Ting Yang
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mehmet T. Oz
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Davide Mancinotti
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Darren Heavens
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Gareth Linsmith
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Monika Chhetry
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UHUK
| | - Mark A. Smedley
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UHUK
| | | | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Fernando Geu‐Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
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Borrego‐Soto G, Perez‐Paramo YX, Hernández‐Cabrera F, Alvarado‐Monroy FM, Borrego G, Robles‐Zamora A, Lazarus P, Rojas‐Martinez A. Biochemical and genetic biomarkers associated with nicotine dependence in Mexican smokers. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01142. [PMID: 37787014 PMCID: PMC10546262 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains an important health concern and is still a leading cause of preventable mortality. Nicotine is the substance responsible for sustained tobacco use and dependence. Identification of biomarkers underlying nicotine dependence behavior is important to identify people at risk for this dependence. In the present study, we identified biochemical and genetic biomarkers of nicotine dependence detected by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTDN) in Mexican smokers. The nicotine metabolites nicotine-N'-oxide, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine-glucuronide (3HC-O-Gluc), and nicotine-N-Gluc (Gluc) were useful to differentiate nicotine-dependent from non-dependent subjects (p < .0001) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7818. Genetic variants in CYP2A6, FMO3, and UGT2B7 (rs2431413, rs28363545, and rs7439326, respectively) were associated with nicotine dependence (p = .03, p = .01, p = .01, respectively). Variations in the enzymatic activity of CYP2A6 were associated with altered nicotine-N'-oxide and 3HC-O-Gluc levels. Decreased urinary levels of 3HC-O-Gluc and increased nicotine-N'-oxide were associated with a decrease in the functional activity of CYP2A6. A strong positive correlation was observed between the ratio of urinary 3HC/cotinine, a measure of CYP2A6 activity, and the levels of 3HC-O-Gluc (p < .0001, r = .6835), while a strong negative correlation was observed with nicotine-N'-oxide (p < .0001, r = .6522) in nicotine-dependent subjects. No correlations were observed in non-nicotine-dependent subjects. These data suggest that particular urinary nicotine metabolites and genetic variants involved in nicotine metabolism are useful to identify subjects with nicotine dependence in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissela Borrego‐Soto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Natural SciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Yadira Xitlalli Perez‐Paramo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Francisco Hernández‐Cabrera
- Department of Bioinformatics and Complex Systems, Facultad de Ciencias Físico MatemáticasUniversidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonSan Nicolás de los GarzaMexico
| | | | - Gilberto Borrego
- Department of Computer science and designInstituto Tecnologico de SonoraObregonMexico
| | | | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Augusto Rojas‐Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research and Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludMonterreyMexico
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Tolba YM, Omar SS, El Hak AR, Nagui DA. Electronic cigarettes can damage lingual papillae and taste buds. Can vitamins C and E supplementation reverse this damage? Life Sci 2023; 329:121955. [PMID: 37473801 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This histological study focuses on the impact of electronic cigarette liquid (EC) on lingual papillae, especially taste buds, compare it to nicotine, and investigates the potential of vitamins in reversing these unwanted changes. MAIN METHODS 40 adult male rats were allocated into 5 groups. Control injected saline intraperitoneally, electronic cigarettes group injected EC-liquid containing nicotine of dose (0.75 mg/kg), electronic cigarette group injected EC-liquid then supplemented orally with vitamins C and E, nicotine group injected pure nicotine of dose (0.75 mg/kg) and lastly nicotine group injected with pure nicotine of dose (0.75 mg/kg) then supplemented orally with vitamins C and E. Keratin surface area and the ratio between taste buds and its epithelial covering surface areas in fungiform papillae were measured. KEY FINDINGS Histological examination of EC group revealed abnormal epithelial stratification and mitotic figs. EC plus V group showed intact basal cell layer. N group showed better histological stratification than EC group. Fungiform and circumvallate papillae in EC and N groups showed distorted appearance of taste buds. Histomorphometry analysis showed a significant decrease in taste buds to epithelium surface areas in EC, nicotine, and EC plus V groups, p-value (<0.05). There was no significant difference between control and N plus V groups. SIGNIFICANCE Administration of vitamins C and E showed preservation of normal histological features of the lingual mucous membrane. EC caused striking damage to taste buds even after the administration of vitamins. The negative effects of electronic cigarettes are not confined only to the presence of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia S Omar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Dina A Nagui
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Namdari A, Miladpour B. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Reduces the Adverse Effects of Nicotine on the Endometrium. Iran J Med Sci 2023; 48:493-500. [PMID: 37786469 PMCID: PMC10541549 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.96134.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoke contains various toxins that negatively affect the human reproductive system. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a potent antioxidant, has protective effects on the reproductive system against oxygen-free radicals, methotrexate, and pesticides. Herein, the effect of CAPE on some key markers of endometrial receptivity has been evaluated. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018-2019 in the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences (Fasa, Iran). Primary endometrial cells were divided into five groups, namely control, nicotine, CAPE, vehicle, and nicotine+CAPE. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methylation-specific PCR were performed to evaluate gene expressions and methylation, respectively. Appropriate doses of CAPE and nicotine were determined using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16.0) with a one-way analysis of variance. P<0.01 was considered statistically significant. The fold change was calculated using the 2-∆ΔCT method. Results Treatment of cells with nicotine significantly reduced the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) genes (P<0.0001). However, the expression levels increased significantly when treated with nicotine+CAPE (P<0.0001). Despite the reduced CXCL12 gene expression in cells treated with nicotine, CXCL12 was unmethylated in all study groups, indicating that the methylation status of the CXCL12 gene was not affected by nicotine or CAPE. Conclusion CAPE can be a suitable agent to protect female smokers from the harmful effects of nicotine. This manuscript is available as a preprint on the Research Gate website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Namdari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Miladpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Ozekin YH, Saal ML, Pineda RH, Moehn K, Ordonez-Erives MA, Delgado Figueroa MF, Frazier C, Korth KM, Königshoff M, Bates EA, Vladar EK. Intrauterine exposure to nicotine through maternal vaping disrupts embryonic lung and skeletal development via the Kcnj2 potassium channel. Dev Biol 2023; 501:111-123. [PMID: 37353105 PMCID: PMC10445547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on infants including low birth weight, defective lung development, and skeletal abnormalities. Pregnant women are increasingly turning to vaping [use of electronic (e)-cigarettes] as a perceived safer alternative to cigarettes. However, nicotine disrupts fetal development, suggesting that like cigarette smoking, nicotine vaping may be detrimental to the fetus. To test the impact of maternal vaping on fetal lung and skeletal development in mice, pregnant dams were exposed to e-cigarette vapor throughout gestation. At embryonic day (E)18.5, vape exposed litter sizes were reduced, and some embryos exhibited growth restriction compared to air exposed controls. Fetal lungs were collected for histology and whole transcriptome sequencing. Maternally nicotine vaped embryos exhibited histological and transcriptional changes consistent with impaired distal lung development. Embryonic lung gene expression changes mimicked transcriptional changes observed in adult mouse lungs exposed to cigarette smoke, suggesting that the developmental defects may be due to direct nicotine exposure. Fetal skeletons were analyzed for craniofacial and long bone lengths. Nicotine directly binds and inhibits the Kcnj2 potassium channel which is important for bone development. The length of the maxilla, palatal shelves, humerus, and femur were reduced in vaped embryos, which was further exacerbated by loss of one copy of the Kcnj2 gene. Nicotine vapor exposed Kcnj2KO/+ embryos also had significantly lower birth weights than unexposed animals of either genotype. Kcnj2 mutants had severely defective lungs with and without vape exposure, suggesting that potassium channels may be broadly involved in mediating the detrimental developmental effects of nicotine vaping. These data indicate that intrauterine nicotine exposure disrupts fetal lung and skeletal development likely through inhibition of Kcnj2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus H Ozekin
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maxwell L Saal
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ricardo H Pineda
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kayla Moehn
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madison A Ordonez-Erives
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maria F Delgado Figueroa
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caleb Frazier
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kamryn M Korth
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily A Bates
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Sun QR, Wu DY, Zhang JJ, Wu LH, Zhang X, Zhou J, Miao YL. Nicotine exposure disrupts placental development via the Notch signaling pathway. Reproduction 2023; 166:187-197. [PMID: 37310899 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In brief Normal gene expression during early embryonic development and in the placenta is crucial for a successful pregnancy. Nicotine can disrupt normal gene expression during development, leading to abnormal embryonic and placental development. Abstract Nicotine is a common indoor air pollutant that is present in cigarette fumes. Due to its lipophilic nature, nicotine can rapidly transport through membrane barriers and spread throughout the body, which can lead to the development of diseases. However, the impact of nicotine exposure during early embryonic development on subsequent development remains elusive. In this study, we found that nicotine significantly elevated reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and cell apoptosis levels with the decrease of blastocyst formation during early embryonic development. More importantly, nicotine exposure during early embryonic development increased placental weight and disrupted placental structure. In molecular level, we also observed that nicotine exposure could specifically cause the hypermethylation of Phlda2 promoter (a maternally expressed imprinted gene associated with placental development) and reduce the mRNA expression of Phlda2. By RNA sequencing analysis, we demonstrated that nicotine exposure affected the gene expression and excessive activation of the Notch signaling pathway thereby affecting placental development. Blocking the Notch signaling pathway by DAPT treatment could recover abnormal placental weight and structure induced by nicotine exposure. Taken together, this study indicates that nicotine causes the declining quality of early embryos and leads to placental abnormalities related to over-activation of the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ran Sun
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Ya Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Hui Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Veterinary Medicine Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, China
| | - Jilong Zhou
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Lee SS, Chang Y, Rigotti NA, Singer DE, Levy DE, Tyndale RF, Davis EM, Freiberg MS, King S, Wells QS, Tindle HA. Can Treatment Support Mitigate Nicotine Metabolism-Based Disparities in Smoking Abstinence? Secondary Analysis of the Helping HAND 4 Trial. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1575-1584. [PMID: 37209421 PMCID: PMC10439488 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a biomarker of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism, predicts the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), with fast metabolizers benefiting less than slow metabolizers. Whether treatment support to optimize NRT use (henceforth "treatment support") modifies this pharmacogenetic relationship is unknown. METHODS Hospitalized adult daily smokers were assigned to one of two post-discharge smoking cessation interventions offering NRT and counseling: (1) Transitional Tobacco Care Management, which delivered enhanced treatment support via free combination NRT at discharge and automated counseling, and (2) a quitline-based approach representing usual care (UC). The primary outcome was biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence 6 months after discharge. Secondary outcomes were the use of NRT and counseling during the 3-month intervention period. Logistic regression models tested for interactions between NMR and intervention, controlling for sex, race, alcohol use, and BMI. RESULTS Participants (N = 321) were classified as slow (n = 80) or fast (n = 241) metabolizers relative to the first quartile of NMR (0.012-0.219 vs. 0.221-3.455, respectively). Under UC, fast (vs. slow) metabolizers had lower odds of abstinence at 6 months (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13-0.95) and similar odds of NRT and counseling use. Compared to UC, enhanced treatment support increased abstinence (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 0.98-4.64) and use of combination NRT (aOR 4.62, 95% CI 2.57-8.31) in fast metabolizers, while reducing abstinence in slow metabolizers (aOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.87; NMR-by-intervention interaction p = .004). CONCLUSIONS Treatment support increased abstinence and optimal use of NRT among fast nicotine metabolizers, thereby mitigating the gap in abstinence between fast and slow metabolizers. IMPLICATIONS In this secondary analysis of two smoking cessation interventions for recently hospitalized smokers, fast nicotine metabolizers quit at lower rates than slow metabolizers, but providing fast metabolizers with enhanced treatment support doubled the odds of quitting in this group and mitigated the disparity in abstinence between fast and slow metabolizers. If validated, these findings could lead to personalized approaches to smoking cessation treatment that improve outcomes by targeting treatment support to those who need it most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Lee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuchiao Chang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy A Rigotti
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Singer
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Departments of Psychiatry, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esa M Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew S Freiberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen King
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Ohnishi M, Machida A, Deguchi M, Takiyama N, Kurose Y, Inoue A. Long-term Stimulation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Rescues Hemorrhagic Neuron Loss via Apoptosis of M1 Microglia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:160-168. [PMID: 37145341 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously revealed that long-term treatment with nicotine suppresses microglial activation, resulting in a protective effect against thrombin-induced shrinkage of the striatal tissue in organotypic slice cultures. Here, the effect of nicotine on impaired M1 and protective M2 microglial polarization was investigated using the BV-2 microglial cell line in the presence or absence of thrombin. Following nicotine treatment, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression transiently increased and then gradually decreased until 14 days. Treatment with nicotine for 14 days slightly polarized M0 microglia to M2b and d subtypes. Co-exposure of thrombin and low concentration of interferon-γ recruited inducible NO synthase (iNOS)- and interleukin-1β-double-positive M1 microglia in a thrombin-concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with nicotine for 14 days significantly decreased the thrombin-induced increase of iNOS mRNA levels and conversely showed a tendency to increase arginase1 mRNA levels. Moreover, treatment with nicotine for 14 days suppressed thrombin-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK through the α7 receptor. Repeated intraperitoneal administration of α7 agonist PNU-282987 for 14 days selectively evoked the apoptosis of iNOS-positive M1 microglia at the perihematomal area and showed a neuroprotective effect in an in vivo intracerebral hemorrhage model. These findings revealed that long-term stimulation of α7 receptor causes suppression of thrombin-induced activation of p38 MAPK followed by apoptosis in neuropathic M1 microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan.
| | - Aoi Machida
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Moemi Deguchi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Nami Takiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yuri Kurose
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inoue
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
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Yadav A, Kesharwani A, Chaurasia DK, Katara P. Mining of molecular insights of CYP2A6 and its variants complex with coumarin (CYP2A6*-coumarin) using molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:4081-4092. [PMID: 35427216 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2062785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CYP2A6 is a very important enzyme that plays a crucial role in nicotine compounds and is responsible for the metabolism of more than 3% drugs of total metabolized drugs by the CYP family and reported as one of very important pharmacogenes. CYP2A6 is highly polymorphic in nature and reported with more than 40 variants, most of these variants are SNPs originated and population specific. It has been well observed and reported that the presence of these population-specific non-synonymous SNPs in CYP2A6 alters the rate of drug metabolism and as a functional consequence, drugs produce an abnormal response. Though genomics and pharmacogenomics studies are there, very less is known about the structural effects of these SNPs on molecular-interaction and folding of CYP2A6. To fill the knowledge gap, SNPs based four variants, i.e., CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*18, CYP2A6*21, and CYP2A6*35, which are frequently reported in the South Asian population, were considered for the study. Coumarin (DB04665), a well reported drug, is considered as a model substance, and the effect of all four variants on 'CYP2A6*-coumarin' complex was studied. MD simulation-based analysis (at 200 ns) was performed and comparative analysis with respect to wild type 'CYP2A6-coumarin' complex was done. Though observation didn't find any global effect on complete complex but found some crucial minor-local alteration in interaction and folding process. It is assumed that the change due to SNPs in the single amino acid did not bring global change in physiochemical properties of CYP2A6* but caused local-trivial changes which are very crucial for its metabolic activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Yadav
- Computational omics Lab, Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Akanksha Kesharwani
- Computational omics Lab, Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
- Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar Chaurasia
- Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Katara
- Computational omics Lab, Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Patten T, Johnson NL, Shaw JK, Dossat AM, Dreier A, Kimball BA, Wesson DW, De Biasi M. Strawberry Additive Increases Nicotine Vapor Sampling and Systemic Exposure But Does Not Enhance Pavlovian-Based Nicotine Reward in Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0390-22.2023. [PMID: 37253590 PMCID: PMC10275399 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0390-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is an addictive drug whose popularity has recently increased, particularly among adolescents, because of the availability of electronic nicotine devices (i.e., "vaping") and nicotine e-liquids containing additives with rich chemosensory properties. Some efforts to understand the role of these additives in nicotine reward suggest that they increase nicotine reward and reinforcement, but the sensory contributions of additives, especially in their vapor forms, are largely untested. Here, to better understand how a fruit-flavored (i.e., strawberry) additive influences nicotine reward and aversion, we used a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure in which nicotine and a strawberry additive were delivered as a vapor to male and female adolescent mice. We found that nicotine vapor alone can lead to a dose-dependent CPP when using a biased design. The strawberry additive did not produce CPP on its own, and we did not observe an effect of the strawberry additive on nicotine vapor-induced reward. Nevertheless, mice exposed to nicotine plus strawberry additive vapor had higher plasma cotinine concentrations, which did not appear to reflect altered nicotine metabolism. Instead, by directly measuring vapor sampling through respiration monitoring, we uncovered an increase in the amount of sniffing toward strawberry-containing nicotine vapor compared with nicotine vapor alone. Together these data indicate that chemosensory-rich e-liquid additives may enhance the perceived sensory profile of nicotine vapors rather than the reward value per se, which leads to overall increased nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Patten
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Natalie L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Smell and Taste, Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Jessica K Shaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Amanda M Dossat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Smell and Taste, Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Allison Dreier
- School of Arts and Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Bruce A Kimball
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Smell and Taste, Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Mariella De Biasi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- School of Arts and Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Wang H, Wang X, Tang Q, Wang L, Mei C, Shao Y, Xu Y, Lu Z, Zhong W. Regulation Mechanism of Nicotine Catabolism in Sphingomonas melonis TY by a Dual Role Transcriptional Regulator NdpR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0032423. [PMID: 37071026 PMCID: PMC10231238 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00324-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A gene cluster ndp, responsible for nicotine degradation via a variant of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways, was previously identified in Sphingomonas melonis TY, but the regulation mechanism remains unknown. The gene ndpR within the cluster was predicted to encode a TetR family transcriptional regulator. Deletion of ndpR resulted in a notably shorter lag phase, higher maximum turbidity, and faster substrate degradation when cultivated in the presence of nicotine. Real-time quantitative PCR and promoter activity analysis in wild-type TY and TYΔndpR strains revealed that genes in the ndp cluster were negatively regulated by NdpR. However, complementation of ndpR to TYΔndpR did not restore transcription repression, but, instead, the complemented strain showed better growth than TYΔndpR. Promoter activity analysis indicates that NdpR also functions as an activator in the transcription regulation of ndpHFEGD. Further analysis through electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting assay revealed that NdpR binds five DNA sequences within ndp and that NdpR has no autoregulation. These binding motifs overlap with the -35 or -10 box or are located distal upstream of the corresponding transcriptional start site. Multiple sequence alignment of these five NdpR-binding DNA sequences found a conserved motif, with two of the binding sequences being partially palindromic. 2,5-Dihydroxypyridine acted as a ligand of NdpR, preventing NdpR from binding to the promoter region of ndpASAL, ndpTB, and ndpHFEGD. This study revealed that NdpR binds to three promoters in the ndp cluster and is a dual-role transcriptional regulator in nicotine metabolism. IMPORTANCE Gene regulation is critical for microorganisms in the environment in which they may encounter various kinds of organic pollutants. Our study revealed that transcription of ndpASAL, ndpTB, and ndpHFEGD is negatively regulated by NdpR, and NdpR also exhibits a positive regulatory effect on PndpHFEGD. Furthermore, 2,5-dihydroxypyridine was identified as the effector molecular for NdpR and can both prevent the binding of free NdpR to the promoter and release NdpR from the promoters, which is different from previously reported NicR2. Additionally, NdpR was found to have both negative and positive transcription regulatory effects on the same target, PndpHFEGD, while only one binding site was identified, which is notably different from the previously reported TetR family regulators. Moreover, NdpR was revealed to be a global transcriptional regulator. This study provides new insight into the complex gene expression regulation of the TetR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lvjing Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Mei
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunhai Shao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Microbial Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Walker NB, Yan Y, Tapia MA, Tucker BR, Thomas LN, George BE, West AM, Marotta CB, Lester HA, Dougherty DA, Holleran KM, Jones SR, Drenan RM. β2 nAChR Activation on VTA DA Neurons Is Sufficient for Nicotine Reinforcement in Rats. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0449-22.2023. [PMID: 37193602 PMCID: PMC10216253 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0449-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesolimbic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) activation is necessary for nicotine reinforcement behavior, but it is unknown whether selective activation of nAChRs in the dopamine (DA) reward pathway is sufficient to support nicotine reinforcement. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of β2-containing (β2*) nAChRs on VTA neurons is sufficient for intravenous nicotine self-administration (SA). We expressed β2 nAChR subunits with enhanced sensitivity to nicotine (referred to as β2Leu9'Ser) in the VTA of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, enabling very low concentrations of nicotine to selectively activate β2* nAChRs on transduced neurons. Rats expressing β2Leu9'Ser subunits acquired nicotine SA at 1.5 μg/kg/infusion, a dose too low to support acquisition in control rats. Saline substitution extinguished responding for 1.5 μg/kg/inf, verifying that this dose was reinforcing. β2Leu9'Ser nAChRs also supported acquisition at the typical training dose in rats (30 μg/kg/inf) and reducing the dose to 1.5 μg/kg/inf caused a significant increase in the rate of nicotine SA. Viral expression of β2Leu9'Ser subunits only in VTA DA neurons (via TH-Cre rats) also enabled acquisition of nicotine SA at 1.5 μg/kg/inf, and saline substitution significantly attenuated responding. Next, we examined electrically-evoked DA release in slices from β2Leu9'Ser rats with a history of nicotine SA. Single-pulse evoked DA release and DA uptake rate were reduced in β2Leu9'Ser NAc slices, but relative increases in DA following a train of stimuli were preserved. These results are the first to report that β2* nAChR activation on VTA neurons is sufficient for nicotine reinforcement in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B Walker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Yijin Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Melissa A Tapia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Brenton R Tucker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Leanne N Thomas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Brianna E George
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Alyssa M West
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Christopher B Marotta
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91106
| | - Henry A Lester
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91106
| | - Dennis A Dougherty
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91106
| | - Katherine M Holleran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Ryan M Drenan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Snoderly HT, Alkhadrawi H, Panchal DM, Weaver KL, Vito JN, Freshwater KA, Santiago SP, Olfert IM, Nurkiewicz TR, Bennewitz MF. Short-term exposure of female BALB/cJ mice to e-cigarette aerosol promotes neutrophil recruitment and enhances neutrophil-platelet aggregation in pulmonary microvasculature. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:246-262. [PMID: 36859793 PMCID: PMC10081729 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2184738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the perception that e-cigarettes are safer than conventional cigarettes, numerous findings demonstrated that e-cigarette aerosol (EC) exposure induced compromised immune functionality, vascular changes even after acute exposure, and lung injury. Notably, altered neutrophil functionality and platelet hemodynamics have been observed post-EC exposure. It was hypothesized that EC exposure initiates an inflammatory response resulting in altered neutrophil behavior and increased neutrophil-platelet interaction in the pulmonary microvasculature. Neutrophil and platelet responses were examined up to 48 hrs following whole-body, short-term EC exposure without flavorants or nicotine in a murine model, which most closely modeled secondhand exposure. This study is the first to investigate the impact of EC exposure through lung intravital imaging. Compared to room air-exposed mice, EC-exposed mice displayed significantly increased 1.7‒1.9-fold number of neutrophils in the pulmonary microvasculature associated with no marked change in neutrophils within whole blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Neutrophil-platelet interactions were also significantly elevated 1.9‒2.5-fold in exposed mice. Plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase was markedly reduced 1.5-fold 48 hr following exposure cessation, suggesting suppressed neutrophil antimicrobial activity. Cytokine expression exhibited changes indicating vascular damage. Effects persisted for 48 hr post-EC exposure. Data demonstrated that EC exposure repeated for 3 consecutive days in 2.5 hr intervals in the absence of flavorants or nicotine resulted in modified pulmonary vasculature hemodynamics, altered immune functionality, and a pro-inflammatory state in female BALB/cJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter T. Snoderly
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Hassan Alkhadrawi
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Dhruvi M. Panchal
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kelly L. Weaver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jenna N. Vito
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kasey A. Freshwater
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stell P. Santiago
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - I. Mark Olfert
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Margaret F. Bennewitz
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Phandthong R, Wong M, Song A, Martinez T, Talbot P. New insights into how popular electronic cigarette aerosols and aerosol constituents affect SARS-CoV-2 infection of human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5807. [PMID: 37037851 PMCID: PMC10086046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the use of tobacco products and SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood and controversial. Few studies have examined the effect of electronic cigarettes (ECs) on SARS-CoV-2 infection. We tested the hypothesis that EC fluids and aerosols with nicotine promote SARS-COV-2 infection by increasing viral entry into human respiratory epithelial cells. Responses of BEAS-2B cells to JUUL aerosols or their individual constituents were compared using three exposure platforms: submerged culture, air-liquid-interface (ALI) exposure in a cloud chamber, and ALI exposure in a Cultex system, which produces authentic heated EC aerosols. In general, nicotine and nicotine + propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin aerosols increased ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) levels, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor; and increased the activity of TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2), an enzyme essential for viral entry. Lentivirus pseudoparticles with spike protein were used to test viral penetration. Exposure to nicotine, EC fluids, or aerosols altered the infection machinery and increased viral entry into cells. While most data were in good agreement across the three exposure platforms, cells were more responsive to treatments when exposed at the ALI in the Cultex system, even though the exposures were brief and intermittent. While both nicotine and JUUL aerosols increased SARS-CoV-2 infection, JUUL significantly decreased the effect of nicotine alone. These data support the idea that vaping can increase the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 and that e-liquid composition may modulate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattapol Phandthong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and System Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Man Wong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and System Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ann Song
- Department of Molecular, Cell and System Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Teresa Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and System Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Molecular, Cell and System Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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50
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Pereira F, Pereira A, Monteiro SM, Venâncio C, Félix L. Mitigation of nicotine-induced developmental effects by 24-epibrassinolide in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109552. [PMID: 36682642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a highly addictive substance that can cause teratogenic impacts in the embryo through redox-dependent pathways. As antioxidants, naturally occurring chemicals can protect cells from redox imbalance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EPI), a natural brassinosteroid with well-known antioxidant properties, in protecting zebrafish embryos against nicotine's teratogenic effects. For 96 h, embryos (2 h post-fertilization - hpf) were exposed to 100 μM nicotine, co-exposed with 24-EPI (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM), and 24-EPI alone (1 μM). Lethal and sublethal developmental characteristics were evaluated during exposure. Biochemical tests were performed at the conclusion of the exposure, and distinct behavioural paradigms were analysed 24 h later. Nicotine exposure resulted in a higher proportion of larvae with deformities, which were decreased following co-exposure to 24-EPI. Nicotine exposure also caused an increase in oxidative stress as observed by the increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase accompanied by an increase in the malondialdehyde levels. Besides, metabolic changes were noticed as observed by the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity that were hypothesised to be associated to nicotine-induced hypoxia which may be responsible for the increased oxidative damage. In addition, locomotor deficits were observed as well as a decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity denoting nicotine-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, co-exposure to 24-EPI alleviated behavioural deficits and improved nicotine-induced emotional states. Overall, and although further studies are required to clarify these effects, 24-EPI showed promising ameliorative properties against the teratogenic effects induced by nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pereira
- Life Sciences and Environment School (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adriana Pereira
- Life Sciences and Environment School (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Life Sciences and Environment School (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
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