1
|
Grewal S, Yang CY, Scholefield D, Ashling S, Ghosh S, Swarbreck D, Collins J, Yao E, Sen TZ, Wilson M, Yant L, King IP, King J. Chromosome-scale genome assembly of bread wheat's wild relative Triticum timopheevii. Sci Data 2024; 11:420. [PMID: 38653999 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food crops with an urgent need for increase in its production to feed the growing world. Triticum timopheevii (2n = 4x = 28) is an allotetraploid wheat wild relative species containing the At and G genomes that has been exploited in many pre-breeding programmes for wheat improvement. In this study, we report the generation of a chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of T. timopheevii accession PI 94760 based on PacBio HiFi reads and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). The assembly comprised a total size of 9.35 Gb, featuring a contig N50 of 42.4 Mb and included the mitochondrial and plastid genome sequences. Genome annotation predicted 166,325 gene models including 70,365 genes with high confidence. DNA methylation analysis showed that the G genome had on average more methylated bases than the At genome. In summary, the T. timopheevii genome assembly provides a valuable resource for genome-informed discovery of agronomically important genes for food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Grewal
- Wheat Research Centre, Department of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Cai-Yun Yang
- Wheat Research Centre, Department of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Duncan Scholefield
- Wheat Research Centre, Department of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen Ashling
- Wheat Research Centre, Department of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Joanna Collins
- Genome Reference Informatics Team, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Eric Yao
- University of California, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Taner Z Sen
- University of California, Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Michael Wilson
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Levi Yant
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian P King
- Wheat Research Centre, Department of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Julie King
- Wheat Research Centre, Department of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vollheyde K, Dudley QM, Yang T, Oz MT, Mancinotti D, Fedi MO, Heavens D, Linsmith G, Chhetry M, Smedley MA, Harwood WA, Swarbreck D, Geu‐Flores F, Patron NJ. An improved Nicotiana benthamiana bioproduction chassis provides novel insights into nicotine biosynthesis. New Phytol 2023; 240:302-317. [PMID: 37488711 PMCID: PMC10952274 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The model plant Nicotiana benthamiana is an increasingly attractive organism for the production of high-value, biologically active molecules. However, N. benthamiana accumulates high levels of pyridine alkaloids, in particular nicotine, which complicates the downstream purification processes. Here, we report a new assembly of the N. benthamiana genome as well as the generation of low-nicotine lines by CRISPR/Cas9-based inactivation of berberine bridge enzyme-like proteins (BBLs). Triple as well as quintuple mutants accumulated three to four times less nicotine than the respective control lines. The availability of lines without functional BBLs allowed us to probe their catalytic role in nicotine biosynthesis, which has remained obscure. Notably, chiral analysis revealed that the enantiomeric purity of nicotine was fully lost in the quintuple mutants. In addition, precursor feeding experiments showed that these mutants cannot facilitate the specific loss of C6 hydrogen that characterizes natural nicotine biosynthesis. Our work delivers an improved N. benthamiana chassis for bioproduction and uncovers the crucial role of BBLs in the stereoselectivity of nicotine biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Vollheyde
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Ting Yang
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mehmet T. Oz
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Davide Mancinotti
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Darren Heavens
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Gareth Linsmith
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Monika Chhetry
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UHUK
| | - Mark A. Smedley
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UHUK
| | | | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNorfolkNR4 7UZUK
| | - Fernando Geu‐Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1871 FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
McGowan J, Kilias ES, Alacid E, Lipscombe J, Jenkins BH, Gharbi K, Kaithakottil GG, Macaulay IC, McTaggart S, Warring SD, Richards TA, Hall N, Swarbreck D. Identification of a non-canonical ciliate nuclear genetic code where UAA and UAG code for different amino acids. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010913. [PMID: 37796765 PMCID: PMC10553269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic code is one of the most highly conserved features across life. Only a few lineages have deviated from the "universal" genetic code. Amongst the few variants of the genetic code reported to date, the codons UAA and UAG virtually always have the same translation, suggesting that their evolution is coupled. Here, we report the genome and transcriptome sequencing of a novel uncultured ciliate, belonging to the Oligohymenophorea class, where the translation of the UAA and UAG stop codons have changed to specify different amino acids. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that UAA has been reassigned to encode lysine, while UAG has been reassigned to encode glutamic acid. We identified multiple suppressor tRNA genes with anticodons complementary to the reassigned codons. We show that the retained UGA stop codon is enriched in the 3'UTR immediately downstream of the coding region of genes, suggesting that there is functional drive to maintain tandem stop codons. Using a phylogenomics approach, we reconstructed the ciliate phylogeny and mapped genetic code changes, highlighting the remarkable number of independent genetic code changes within the Ciliophora group of protists. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of a genetic code variant where UAA and UAG encode different amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McGowan
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisabet Alacid
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Lipscombe
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karim Gharbi
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain C. Macaulay
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Seanna McTaggart
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sally D. Warring
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil Hall
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Edwards A, Njaci I, Sarkar A, Jiang Z, Kaithakottil GG, Moore C, Cheema J, Stevenson CEM, Rejzek M, Novák P, Vigouroux M, Vickers M, Wouters RHM, Paajanen P, Steuernagel B, Moore JD, Higgins J, Swarbreck D, Martens S, Kim CY, Weng JK, Mundree S, Kilian B, Kumar S, Loose M, Yant L, Macas J, Wang TL, Martin C, Emmrich PMF. Author Correction: Genomics and biochemical analyses reveal a metabolon key to β-L-ODAP biosynthesis in Lathyrus sativus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5199. [PMID: 37626052 PMCID: PMC10457282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Edwards
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Isaac Njaci
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa International Livestock Research Institute Hub, ILRI campus, Naivasha Road, P.O. 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Abhimanyu Sarkar
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, 93 Laurence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Zhouqian Jiang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | | | - Christopher Moore
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jitender Cheema
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Martin Rejzek
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Marielle Vigouroux
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Martin Vickers
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Roland H M Wouters
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Pirita Paajanen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Jonathan D Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Janet Higgins
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all' Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Colin Y Kim
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sagadevan Mundree
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kilian
- Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Avenue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Matt Loose
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jiří Macas
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Trevor L Wang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Peter M F Emmrich
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa International Livestock Research Institute Hub, ILRI campus, Naivasha Road, P.O. 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
- Norwich Institute for Sustainable Development, School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Edwards A, Njaci I, Sarkar A, Jiang Z, Kaithakottil GG, Moore C, Cheema J, Stevenson CEM, Rejzek M, Novák P, Vigouroux M, Vickers M, Wouters RHM, Paajanen P, Steuernagel B, Moore JD, Higgins J, Swarbreck D, Martens S, Kim CY, Weng JK, Mundree S, Kilian B, Kumar S, Loose M, Yant L, Macas J, Wang TL, Martin C, Emmrich PMF. Genomics and biochemical analyses reveal a metabolon key to β-L-ODAP biosynthesis in Lathyrus sativus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:876. [PMID: 36797319 PMCID: PMC9935904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a rich source of protein cultivated as an insurance crop in Ethiopia, Eritrea, India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Its resilience to both drought and flooding makes it a promising crop for ensuring food security in a changing climate. The lack of genetic resources and the crop's association with the disease neurolathyrism have limited the cultivation of grass pea. Here, we present an annotated, long read-based assembly of the 6.5 Gbp L. sativus genome. Using this genome sequence, we have elucidated the biosynthetic pathway leading to the formation of the neurotoxin, β-L-oxalyl-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (β-L-ODAP). The final reaction of the pathway depends on an interaction between L. sativus acyl-activating enzyme 3 (LsAAE3) and a BAHD-acyltransferase (LsBOS) that form a metabolon activated by CoA to produce β-L-ODAP. This provides valuable insight into the best approaches for developing varieties which produce substantially less toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Edwards
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Isaac Njaci
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa International Livestock Research Institute Hub, ILRI campus, Naivasha Road, P.O. 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Abhimanyu Sarkar
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, 93 Laurence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Zhouqian Jiang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | | | - Christopher Moore
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jitender Cheema
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Martin Rejzek
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Marielle Vigouroux
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Martin Vickers
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Roland H M Wouters
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Pirita Paajanen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Jonathan D Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Janet Higgins
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all' Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Colin Y Kim
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sagadevan Mundree
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kilian
- Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Avenue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Matt Loose
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jiří Macas
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Trevor L Wang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Peter M F Emmrich
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa International Livestock Research Institute Hub, ILRI campus, Naivasha Road, P.O. 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
- Norwich Institute for Sustainable Development, School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Etherington GJ, Nash W, Ciezarek A, Mehta TK, Barria A, Peñaloza C, Khan MGQ, Durrant A, Forrester N, Fraser F, Irish N, Kaithakottil GG, Lipscombe J, Trong T, Watkins C, Swarbreck D, Angiolini E, Cnaani A, Gharbi K, Houston RD, Benzie JAH, Haerty W. Chromosome-level genome sequence of the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) highlights regions of introgression with O. mossambicus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:832. [PMID: 36522771 PMCID: PMC9756657 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the third most important freshwater fish for aquaculture. Its success is directly linked to continuous breeding efforts focusing on production traits such as growth rate and weight. Among those elite strains, the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) programme initiated by WorldFish is now distributed worldwide. To accelerate the development of the GIFT strain through genomic selection, a high-quality reference genome is necessary. RESULTS Using a combination of short (10X Genomics) and long read (PacBio HiFi, PacBio CLR) sequencing and a genetic map for the GIFT strain, we generated a chromosome level genome assembly for the GIFT. Using genomes of two closely related species (O. mossambicus, O. aureus), we characterised the extent of introgression between these species and O. niloticus that has occurred during the breeding process. Over 11 Mb of O. mossambicus genomic material could be identified within the GIFT genome, including genes associated with immunity but also with traits of interest such as growth rate. CONCLUSION Because of the breeding history of elite strains, current reference genomes might not be the most suitable to support further studies into the GIFT strain. We generated a chromosome level assembly of the GIFT strain, characterising its mixed origins, and the potential contributions of introgressed regions to selected traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Etherington
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - W. Nash
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - A. Ciezarek
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - T. K. Mehta
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - A. Barria
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - C. Peñaloza
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - M. G. Q. Khan
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK ,grid.411511.10000 0001 2179 3896Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - A. Durrant
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - N. Forrester
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - F. Fraser
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - N. Irish
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - G. G. Kaithakottil
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - J. Lipscombe
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - T. Trong
- grid.425190.bWorldFish, 10670 Penang, Malaysia
| | - C. Watkins
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - D. Swarbreck
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - E. Angiolini
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - A. Cnaani
- grid.410498.00000 0001 0465 9329Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - K. Gharbi
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - R. D. Houston
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK ,Benchmark Genetics, 1 Pioneer Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Penicuik, EH26 0GB UK
| | | | - W. Haerty
- grid.421605.40000 0004 0447 4123Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Ln, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK ,grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alzahrani S, Applegate C, Swarbreck D, Dalmay T, Folkes L, Moulton V. Degradome Assisted Plant MicroRNA Prediction Under Alternative Annotation Criteria. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2022; 19:3374-3383. [PMID: 34559659 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current microRNA (miRNA) prediction methods are generally based on annotation criteria that tend to miss potential functional miRNAs. Recently, new miRNA annotation criteria have been proposed that could lead to improvements in miRNA prediction methods in plants. Here, we investigate the effect of the new criteria on miRNA prediction in Arabidopsis thaliana and present a new degradome assisted functional miRNA prediction approach. We investigated the effect by applying the new criteria, and a more permissive criteria on miRNA prediction using existing miRNA prediction tools. We also developed an approach to miRNA prediction that is assisted by the functional information extracted from the analysis of degradome sequencing. We demonstrate the improved performance of degradome assisted miRNA prediction compared to unassisted prediction and evaluate the approach using miRNA differential expression analysis. We observe how the miRNA predictions fit under the different criteria and show a potential novel miRNA that has been missed within Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we introduce a freely available software 'PAREfirst' that employs the degradome assisted approach. The study shows that some miRNAs could be missed due to the stringency of the former annotation criteria, and combining a degradome assisted approach with more permissive miRNA criteria can expand confident miRNA predictions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lawniczak MKN, Durbin R, Flicek P, Lindblad-Toh K, Wei X, Archibald JM, Baker WJ, Belov K, Blaxter ML, Marques Bonet T, Childers AK, Coddington JA, Crandall KA, Crawford AJ, Davey RP, Di Palma F, Fang Q, Haerty W, Hall N, Hoff KJ, Howe K, Jarvis ED, Johnson WE, Johnson RN, Kersey PJ, Liu X, Lopez JV, Myers EW, Pettersson OV, Phillippy AM, Poelchau MF, Pruitt KD, Rhie A, Castilla-Rubio JC, Sahu SK, Salmon NA, Soltis PS, Swarbreck D, Thibaud-Nissen F, Wang S, Wegrzyn JL, Zhang G, Zhang H, Lewin HA, Richards S. Standards recommendations for the Earth BioGenome Project. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115639118. [PMID: 35042802 PMCID: PMC8795494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115639118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A global international initiative, such as the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), requires both agreement and coordination on standards to ensure that the collective effort generates rapid progress toward its goals. To this end, the EBP initiated five technical standards committees comprising volunteer members from the global genomics scientific community: Sample Collection and Processing, Sequencing and Assembly, Annotation, Analysis, and IT and Informatics. The current versions of the resulting standards documents are available on the EBP website, with the recognition that opportunities, technologies, and challenges may improve or change in the future, requiring flexibility for the EBP to meet its goals. Here, we describe some highlights from the proposed standards, and areas where additional challenges will need to be met.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara K N Lawniczak
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Flicek
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - William J Baker
- Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark L Blaxter
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Marques Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Pompeau Fabra, Parc de Rechercha Biomédica Barcelona 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Geonòmica - Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna K Childers
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Jonathan A Coddington
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0105
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute and Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Andrew J Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Robert P Davey
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Qi Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Hall
- Genome British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0C4, Canada
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina J Hoff
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Erich D Jarvis
- Vertebrate Genomes Lab, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Warren E Johnson
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630
- The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746-2863
| | - Rebecca N Johnson
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0105
| | - Paul J Kersey
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Liu
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jose Victor Lopez
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004
| | - Eugene W Myers
- Department of Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | | | - Adam M Phillippy
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | - Monica F Poelchau
- National Agricultural Library, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Kim D Pruitt
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | - Arang Rhie
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | | | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Nicholas A Salmon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Françoise Thibaud-Nissen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | - Sibo Wang
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Institute for Systems Genomics, Computational Biology Core, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Guojie Zhang
- Villum Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen 518083 Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 650223 Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 650223 Kunming, China
| | - He Zhang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen 266555 Qingdao, China
| | - Harris A Lewin
- University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Stephen Richards
- University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wright DJ, Hall NAL, Irish N, Man AL, Glynn W, Mould A, Angeles ADL, Angiolini E, Swarbreck D, Gharbi K, Tunbridge EM, Haerty W. Correction to: Long read sequencing reveals novel isoforms and insights into splicing regulation during cell state changes. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:79. [PMID: 35078420 PMCID: PMC8790846 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J Wright
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Nicola A L Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 3JX, UK
- Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Naomi Irish
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Angela L Man
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Will Glynn
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Arne Mould
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 3JX, UK
- Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Alejandro De Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 3JX, UK
- Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Emily Angiolini
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Karim Gharbi
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 3JX, UK
- Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wright DJ, Hall NAL, Irish N, Man AL, Glynn W, Mould A, Angeles ADL, Angiolini E, Swarbreck D, Gharbi K, Tunbridge EM, Haerty W. Long read sequencing reveals novel isoforms and insights into splicing regulation during cell state changes. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:42. [PMID: 35012468 PMCID: PMC8744310 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing is a key mechanism underlying cellular differentiation and a driver of complexity in mammalian neuronal tissues. However, understanding of which isoforms are differentially used or expressed and how this affects cellular differentiation remains unclear. Long read sequencing allows full-length transcript recovery and quantification, enabling transcript-level analysis of alternative splicing processes and how these change with cell state. Here, we utilise Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing to produce a custom annotation of a well-studied human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, and to characterise isoform expression and usage across differentiation. RESULTS We identify many previously unannotated features, including a novel transcript of the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit gene, CACNA2D2. We show differential expression and usage of transcripts during differentiation identifying candidates for future research into state change regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights the potential of long read sequencing to uncover previously unknown transcript diversity and mechanisms influencing alternative splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Wright
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Nicola A L Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 3JX, UK
- Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Naomi Irish
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Angela L Man
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Will Glynn
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Arne Mould
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 3JX, UK
- Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Alejandro De Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 3JX, UK
- Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Emily Angiolini
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Karim Gharbi
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 3JX, UK
- Oxford Health, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huws SA, Edwards JE, Lin W, Rubino F, Alston M, Swarbreck D, Caim S, Stevens PR, Pachebat J, Won MY, Oyama LB, Creevey CJ, Kingston-Smith AH. Correction to: Microbiomes attached to fresh perennial ryegrass are temporally resilient and adapt to changing ecological niches. Microbiome 2021; 9:168. [PMID: 34376250 PMCID: PMC8356400 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Huws
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK.
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK.
| | - Joan E Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708, Wageningen, WE, Netherlands
- Current work address: Palital Feed Additives, Velddriel, Netherlands
| | - Wanchang Lin
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Pauline Rees Stevens
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Justin Pachebat
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Mi-Young Won
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Linda B Oyama
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Christopher J Creevey
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Alison H Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huws SA, Edwards JE, Lin W, Rubino F, Alston M, Swarbreck D, Caim S, Stevens PR, Pachebat J, Won MY, Oyama LB, Creevey CJ, Kingston-Smith AH. Microbiomes attached to fresh perennial ryegrass are temporally resilient and adapt to changing ecological niches. Microbiome 2021; 9:143. [PMID: 34154659 PMCID: PMC8215763 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiomes, such as the rumen, greatly influence host nutrition due to their feed energy-harvesting capacity. We investigated temporal ecological interactions facilitating energy harvesting at the fresh perennial ryegrass (PRG)-biofilm interface in the rumen using an in sacco approach and prokaryotic metatranscriptomic profiling. RESULTS Network analysis identified two distinct sub-microbiomes primarily representing primary (≤ 4 h) and secondary (≥ 4 h) colonisation phases and the most transcriptionally active bacterial families (i.e Fibrobacteriaceae, Selemondaceae and Methanobacteriaceae) did not interact with either sub-microbiome, indicating non-cooperative behaviour. Conversely, Prevotellaceae had most transcriptional activity within the primary sub-microbiome (focussed on protein metabolism) and Lachnospiraceae within the secondary sub-microbiome (focussed on carbohydrate degradation). Putative keystone taxa, with low transcriptional activity, were identified within both sub-microbiomes, highlighting the important synergistic role of minor bacterial families; however, we hypothesise that they may be 'cheating' in order to capitalise on the energy-harvesting capacity of other microbes. In terms of chemical cues underlying transition from primary to secondary colonisation phases, we suggest that AI-2-based quorum sensing plays a role, based on LuxS gene expression data, coupled with changes in PRG chemistry. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that fresh PRG-attached prokaryotes are resilient and adapt quickly to changing niches. This study provides the first major insight into the complex temporal ecological interactions occurring at the plant-biofilm interface within the rumen. The study also provides valuable insights into potential plant breeding strategies for development of the utopian plant, allowing optimal sustainable production of ruminants. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Huws
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK.
| | - Joan E Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708, Wageningen, WE, Netherlands
- Current work address: Palital Feed Additives, Velddriel, Netherlands
| | - Wanchang Lin
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Pauline Rees Stevens
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Justin Pachebat
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Mi-Young Won
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Linda B Oyama
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Christopher J Creevey
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Alison H Kingston-Smith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mathers TC, Wouters RHM, Mugford ST, Swarbreck D, van Oosterhout C, Hogenhout SA. Chromosome-Scale Genome Assemblies of Aphids Reveal Extensively Rearranged Autosomes and Long-Term Conservation of the X Chromosome. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:856-875. [PMID: 32966576 PMCID: PMC7947777 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome rearrangements are arguably the most dramatic type of mutations, often leading to rapid evolution and speciation. However, chromosome dynamics have only been studied at the sequence level in a small number of model systems. In insects, Diptera and Lepidoptera have conserved genome structure at the scale of whole chromosomes or chromosome arms. Whether this reflects the diversity of insect genome evolution is questionable given that many species exhibit rapid karyotype evolution. Here, we investigate chromosome evolution in aphids-an important group of hemipteran plant pests-using newly generated chromosome-scale genome assemblies of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and a previously published assembly of the corn-leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis). We find that aphid autosomes have undergone dramatic reorganization over the last 30 My, to the extent that chromosome homology cannot be determined between aphids from the tribes Macrosiphini (Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Aphidini (Rhopalosiphum maidis). In contrast, gene content of the aphid sex (X) chromosome remained unchanged despite rapid sequence evolution, low gene expression, and high transposable element load. To test whether rapid evolution of genome structure is a hallmark of Hemiptera, we compared our aphid assemblies with chromosome-scale assemblies of two blood-feeding Hemiptera (Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma rubrofasciata). Despite being more diverged, the blood-feeding hemipterans have conserved synteny. The exceptional rate of structural evolution of aphid autosomes renders them an important emerging model system for studying the role of large-scale genome rearrangements in evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Mathers
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Roland H M Wouters
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sam T Mugford
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia A Hogenhout
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mathers TC, Mugford ST, Percival-Alwyn L, Chen Y, Kaithakottil G, Swarbreck D, Hogenhout SA, van Oosterhout C. Sex-specific changes in the aphid DNA methylation landscape. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4228-4241. [PMID: 31472081 PMCID: PMC6857007 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aphids present an ideal system to study epigenetics as they can produce diverse, but genetically identical, morphs in response to environmental stimuli. Here, using whole genome bisulphite sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), we present the first detailed analysis of cytosine methylation in an aphid and investigate differences in the methylation and transcriptional landscapes of male and asexual female morphs. We found that methylation primarily occurs in a CG dinucleotide (CpG) context and that exons are highly enriched for methylated CpGs, particularly at the 3' end of genes. Methylation is positively associated with gene expression, and methylated genes are more stably expressed than unmethylated genes. Male and asexual female morphs have distinct methylation profiles. Strikingly, these profiles are divergent between the sex chromosome and the autosomes; autosomal genes are hypomethylated in males compared to asexual females, whereas genes belonging to the sex chromosome, which is haploid in males, are hypermethylated. Overall, we found correlated changes in methylation and gene expression between males and asexual females, and this correlation was particularly strong for genes located on the sex chromosome. Our results suggest that differential methylation of sex-biased genes plays a role in aphid sexual differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Mathers
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sam T Mugford
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Yazhou Chen
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Saskia A Hogenhout
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cocker JM, Wright J, Li J, Swarbreck D, Dyer S, Caccamo M, Gilmartin PM. Primula vulgaris (primrose) genome assembly, annotation and gene expression, with comparative genomics on the heterostyly supergene. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17942. [PMID: 30560928 PMCID: PMC6299000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primula vulgaris (primrose) exhibits heterostyly: plants produce self-incompatible pin- or thrum-form flowers, with anthers and stigma at reciprocal heights. Darwin concluded that this arrangement promotes insect-mediated cross-pollination; later studies revealed control by a cluster of genes, or supergene, known as the S (Style length) locus. The P. vulgaris S locus is absent from pin plants and hemizygous in thrum plants (thrum-specific); mutation of S locus genes produces self-fertile homostyle flowers with anthers and stigma at equal heights. Here, we present a 411 Mb P. vulgaris genome assembly of a homozygous inbred long homostyle, representing ~87% of the genome. We annotate over 24,000 P. vulgaris genes, and reveal more genes up-regulated in thrum than pin flowers. We show reduced genomic read coverage across the S locus in other Primula species, including P. veris, where we define the conserved structure and expression of the S locus genes in thrum. Further analysis reveals the S locus has elevated repeat content (64%) compared to the wider genome (37%). Our studies suggest conservation of S locus genetic architecture in Primula, and provide a platform for identification and evolutionary analysis of the S locus and downstream targets that regulate heterostyly in diverse heterostylous species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Cocker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.,Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Wright
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jinhong Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.,Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dyer
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Caccamo
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M Gilmartin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. .,Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martín AC, Borrill P, Higgins J, Alabdullah A, Ramírez-González RH, Swarbreck D, Uauy C, Shaw P, Moore G. Genome-Wide Transcription During Early Wheat Meiosis Is Independent of Synapsis, Ploidy Level, and the Ph1 Locus. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1791. [PMID: 30564262 PMCID: PMC6288783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization is a fundamental process in plant evolution. One of the biggest challenges faced by a new polyploid is meiosis, particularly discriminating between multiple related chromosomes so that only homologous chromosomes synapse and recombine to ensure regular chromosome segregation and balanced gametes. Despite its large genome size, high DNA repetitive content and similarity between homoeologous chromosomes, hexaploid wheat completes meiosis in a shorter period than diploid species with a much smaller genome. Therefore, during wheat meiosis, mechanisms additional to the classical model based on DNA sequence homology, must facilitate more efficient homologous recognition. One such mechanism could involve exploitation of differences in chromosome structure between homologs and homoeologs at the onset of meiosis. In turn, these chromatin changes, can be expected to be linked to transcriptional gene activity. In this study, we present an extensive analysis of a large RNA-seq data derived from six different genotypes: wheat, wheat-rye hybrids and newly synthesized octoploid triticale, both in the presence and absence of the Ph1 locus. Plant material was collected at early prophase, at the transition leptotene-zygotene, when the telomere bouquet is forming and synapsis between homologs is beginning. The six genotypes exhibit different levels of synapsis and chromatin structure at this stage; therefore, recombination and consequently segregation, are also different. Unexpectedly, our study reveals that neither synapsis, whole genome duplication nor the absence of the Ph1 locus are associated with major changes in gene expression levels during early meiotic prophase. Overall wheat transcription at this meiotic stage is therefore highly resilient to such alterations, even in the presence of major chromatin structural changes. Further studies in wheat and other polyploid species will be required to reveal whether these observations are specific to wheat meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Shaw
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mapleson D, Venturini L, Kaithakottil G, Swarbreck D. Efficient and accurate detection of splice junctions from RNA-seq with Portcullis. Gigascience 2018; 7:5173486. [PMID: 30418570 PMCID: PMC6302956 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies enable rapid and cheap genome-wide transcriptome analysis, providing vital information about gene structure, transcript expression, and alternative splicing. Key to this is the accurate identification of exon-exon junctions from RNA sequenced (RNA-seq) reads. A number of RNA-seq aligners capable of splitting reads across these splice junctions (SJs) have been developed; however, it has been shown that while they correctly identify most genuine SJs available in a given sample, they also often produce large numbers of incorrect SJs. Here, we describe the extent of this problem using popular RNA-seq mapping tools and present a new method, called Portcullis, to rapidly filter false SJs derived from spliced alignments. We show that Portcullis distinguishes between genuine and false-positive junctions to a high degree of accuracy across different species, samples, expression levels, error profiles, and read lengths. Portcullis is portable, efficient, and, to our knowledge, currently the only SJ prediction tool that reliably scales for use with large RNA-seq datasets and large, highly fragmented genomes, while delivering accurate SJs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mapleson
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR47UZ, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Venturini
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR47UZ, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gemy Kaithakottil
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR47UZ, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR47UZ, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sierocinski P, Bayer F, Yvon-Durocher G, Burdon M, Großkopf T, Alston M, Swarbreck D, Hobbs PJ, Soyer OS, Buckling A. Biodiversity-function relationships in methanogenic communities. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4641-4651. [PMID: 30307662 PMCID: PMC6282539 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenic communities play a crucial role in carbon cycling and biotechnology (anaerobic digestion), but our understanding of how their diversity, or composition in general, determines the rate of methane production is very limited. Studies to date have been correlational because of the difficulty in cultivating their constituent species in pure culture. Here, we investigate the causal link between methanogenesis and diversity in laboratory anaerobic digesters by experimentally manipulating the diversity of cultures by dilution and subsequent equilibration of biomass. This process necessarily leads to the loss of the rarer species from communities. We find a positive relationship between methane production and the number of taxa, with little evidence of functional saturation, suggesting that rare species play an important role in methane‐producing communities. No correlations were found between the initial composition and methane production across natural communities, but a positive relationship between species richness and methane production emerged following ecological selection imposed by the laboratory conditions. Our data suggest methanogenic communities show little functional redundancy, and hence, any loss of diversity—both natural and resulting from changes in propagation conditions during anaerobic digestion—is likely to reduce methane production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Bayer
- ESI and CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | | | - Melia Burdon
- ESI and CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Tobias Großkopf
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mark Alston
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Orkun S Soyer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Angus Buckling
- ESI and CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Appels R, Eversole K, Feuillet C, Keller B, Rogers J, Stein N, Pozniak CJ, Stein N, Choulet F, Distelfeld A, Eversole K, Poland J, Rogers J, Ronen G, Sharpe AG, Pozniak C, Ronen G, Stein N, Barad O, Baruch K, Choulet F, Keeble-Gagnère G, Mascher M, Sharpe AG, Ben-Zvi G, Josselin AA, Stein N, Mascher M, Himmelbach A, Choulet F, Keeble-Gagnère G, Mascher M, Rogers J, Balfourier F, Gutierrez-Gonzalez J, Hayden M, Josselin AA, Koh C, Muehlbauer G, Pasam RK, Paux E, Pozniak CJ, Rigault P, Sharpe AG, Tibbits J, Tiwari V, Choulet F, Keeble-Gagnère G, Mascher M, Josselin AA, Rogers J, Spannagl M, Choulet F, Lang D, Gundlach H, Haberer G, Keeble-Gagnère G, Mayer KFX, Ormanbekova D, Paux E, Prade V, Šimková H, Wicker T, Choulet F, Spannagl M, Swarbreck D, Rimbert H, Felder M, Guilhot N, Gundlach H, Haberer G, Kaithakottil G, Keilwagen J, Lang D, Leroy P, Lux T, Mayer KFX, Twardziok S, Venturini L, Appels R, Rimbert H, Choulet F, Juhász A, Keeble-Gagnère G, Choulet F, Spannagl M, Lang D, Abrouk M, Haberer G, Keeble-Gagnère G, Mayer KFX, Wicker T, Choulet F, Wicker T, Gundlach H, Lang D, Spannagl M, Lang D, Spannagl M, Appels R, Fischer I, Uauy C, Borrill P, Ramirez-Gonzalez RH, Appels R, Arnaud D, Chalabi S, Chalhoub B, Choulet F, Cory A, Datla R, Davey MW, Hayden M, Jacobs J, Lang D, Robinson SJ, Spannagl M, Steuernagel B, Tibbits J, Tiwari V, van Ex F, Wulff BBH, Pozniak CJ, Robinson SJ, Sharpe AG, Cory A, Benhamed M, Paux E, Bendahmane A, Concia L, Latrasse D, Rogers J, Jacobs J, Alaux M, Appels R, Bartoš J, Bellec A, Berges H, Doležel J, Feuillet C, Frenkel Z, Gill B, Korol A, Letellier T, Olsen OA, Šimková H, Singh K, Valárik M, van der Vossen E, Vautrin S, Weining S, Korol A, Frenkel Z, Fahima T, Glikson V, Raats D, Rogers J, Tiwari V, Gill B, Paux E, Poland J, Doležel J, Číhalíková J, Šimková H, Toegelová H, Vrána J, Sourdille P, Darrier B, Appels R, Spannagl M, Lang D, Fischer I, Ormanbekova D, Prade V, Barabaschi D, Cattivelli L, Hernandez P, Galvez S, Budak H, Steuernagel B, Jones JDG, Witek K, Wulff BBH, Yu G, Small I, Melonek J, Zhou R, Juhász A, Belova T, Appels R, Olsen OA, Kanyuka K, King R, Nilsen K, Walkowiak S, Pozniak CJ, Cuthbert R, Datla R, Knox R, Wiebe K, Xiang D, Rohde A, Golds T, Doležel J, Čížková J, Tibbits J, Budak H, Akpinar BA, Biyiklioglu S, Muehlbauer G, Poland J, Gao L, Gutierrez-Gonzalez J, N'Daiye A, Doležel J, Šimková H, Číhalíková J, Kubaláková M, Šafář J, Vrána J, Berges H, Bellec A, Vautrin S, Alaux M, Alfama F, Adam-Blondon AF, Flores R, Guerche C, Letellier T, Loaec M, Quesneville H, Pozniak CJ, Sharpe AG, Walkowiak S, Budak H, Condie J, Ens J, Koh C, Maclachlan R, Tan Y, Wicker T, Choulet F, Paux E, Alberti A, Aury JM, Balfourier F, Barbe V, Couloux A, Cruaud C, Labadie K, Mangenot S, Wincker P, Gill B, Kaur G, Luo M, Sehgal S, Singh K, Chhuneja P, Gupta OP, Jindal S, Kaur P, Malik P, Sharma P, Yadav B, Singh NK, Khurana J, Chaudhary C, Khurana P, Kumar V, Mahato A, Mathur S, Sevanthi A, Sharma N, Tomar RS, Rogers J, Jacobs J, Alaux M, Bellec A, Berges H, Doležel J, Feuillet C, Frenkel Z, Gill B, Korol A, van der Vossen E, Vautrin S, Gill B, Kaur G, Luo M, Sehgal S, Bartoš J, Holušová K, Plíhal O, Clark MD, Heavens D, Kettleborough G, Wright J, Valárik M, Abrouk M, Balcárková B, Holušová K, Hu Y, Luo M, Salina E, Ravin N, Skryabin K, Beletsky A, Kadnikov V, Mardanov A, Nesterov M, Rakitin A, Sergeeva E, Handa H, Kanamori H, Katagiri S, Kobayashi F, Nasuda S, Tanaka T, Wu J, Appels R, Hayden M, Keeble-Gagnère G, Rigault P, Tibbits J, Olsen OA, Belova T, Cattonaro F, Jiumeng M, Kugler K, Mayer KFX, Pfeifer M, Sandve S, Xun X, Zhan B, Šimková H, Abrouk M, Batley J, Bayer PE, Edwards D, Hayashi S, Toegelová H, Tulpová Z, Visendi P, Weining S, Cui L, Du X, Feng K, Nie X, Tong W, Wang L, Borrill P, Gundlach H, Galvez S, Kaithakottil G, Lang D, Lux T, Mascher M, Ormanbekova D, Prade V, Ramirez-Gonzalez RH, Spannagl M, Stein N, Uauy C, Venturini L, Stein N, Appels R, Eversole K, Rogers J, Borrill P, Cattivelli L, Choulet F, Hernandez P, Kanyuka K, Lang D, Mascher M, Nilsen K, Paux E, Pozniak CJ, Ramirez-Gonzalez RH, Šimková H, Small I, Spannagl M, Swarbreck D, Uauy C. Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome. Science 2018; 361:361/6403/eaar7191. [PMID: 30115783 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1459] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An annotated reference sequence representing the hexaploid bread wheat genome in 21 pseudomolecules has been analyzed to identify the distribution and genomic context of coding and noncoding elements across the A, B, and D subgenomes. With an estimated coverage of 94% of the genome and containing 107,891 high-confidence gene models, this assembly enabled the discovery of tissue- and developmental stage-related coexpression networks by providing a transcriptome atlas representing major stages of wheat development. Dynamics of complex gene families involved in environmental adaptation and end-use quality were revealed at subgenome resolution and contextualized to known agronomic single-gene or quantitative trait loci. This community resource establishes the foundation for accelerating wheat research and application through improved understanding of wheat biology and genomics-assisted breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Kellye Eversole
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 5207 Wyoming Road, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA. .,Eversole Associates, 5207 Wyoming Road, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA
| | - Catherine Feuillet
- Bayer CropScience, Crop Science Division, Research and Development, Innovation Centre, 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 18 High Street, Little Eversden, Cambridge CB23 1HE, UK
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany. .,The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Agriculture and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Curtis J Pozniak
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany. .,The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Agriculture and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Assaf Distelfeld
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Kellye Eversole
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 5207 Wyoming Road, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA. .,Eversole Associates, 5207 Wyoming Road, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA
| | - Jesse Poland
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 18 High Street, Little Eversden, Cambridge CB23 1HE, UK
| | - Gil Ronen
- NRGene Ltd., 5 Golda Meir Street, Ness Ziona 7403648, Israel
| | - Andrew G Sharpe
- University of Saskatchewan, Global Institute for Food Security, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | | | - Curtis Pozniak
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Gil Ronen
- NRGene Ltd., 5 Golda Meir Street, Ness Ziona 7403648, Israel
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany. .,The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Agriculture and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Omer Barad
- NRGene Ltd., 5 Golda Meir Street, Ness Ziona 7403648, Israel
| | - Kobi Baruch
- NRGene Ltd., 5 Golda Meir Street, Ness Ziona 7403648, Israel
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew G Sharpe
- University of Saskatchewan, Global Institute for Food Security, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Gil Ben-Zvi
- NRGene Ltd., 5 Golda Meir Street, Ness Ziona 7403648, Israel
| | - Ambre-Aurore Josselin
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany. .,The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Agriculture and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 18 High Street, Little Eversden, Cambridge CB23 1HE, UK
| | - François Balfourier
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juan Gutierrez-Gonzalez
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Matthew Hayden
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ambre-Aurore Josselin
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - ChuShin Koh
- University of Saskatchewan, Global Institute for Food Security, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Gary Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Raj K Pasam
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Etienne Paux
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Curtis J Pozniak
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Philippe Rigault
- GYDLE, Suite 220, 1135 Grande Allée, Ouest, Québec, QC G1S 1E7, Canada
| | - Andrew G Sharpe
- University of Saskatchewan, Global Institute for Food Security, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Josquin Tibbits
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Vijay Tiwari
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Road, 2102 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ambre-Aurore Josselin
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 18 High Street, Little Eversden, Cambridge CB23 1HE, UK
| | | | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gundlach
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Danara Ormanbekova
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Etienne Paux
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Verena Prade
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Hélène Rimbert
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marius Felder
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Guilhot
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Heidrun Gundlach
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jens Keilwagen
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Leroy
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Lux
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sven Twardziok
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luca Venturini
- Earlham Institute, Core Bioinformatics, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Hélène Rimbert
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.,Agricultural Institute, MTA Centre for Agricultural Research, Applied Genomics Department, 2 Brunszvik Street, Martonvásár H 2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | | | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Abrouk
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heidrun Gundlach
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Iris Fischer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Dominique Arnaud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Smahane Chalabi
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Boulos Chalhoub
- Monsanto SAS, 28000 Boissay, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aron Cory
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Mark W Davey
- Bayer CropScience, Trait Research, Innovation Center, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthew Hayden
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - John Jacobs
- Bayer CropScience, Trait Research, Innovation Center, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Robinson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Josquin Tibbits
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Vijay Tiwari
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Road, 2102 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Fred van Ex
- Bayer CropScience, Trait Research, Innovation Center, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Brande B H Wulff
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Curtis J Pozniak
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Stephen J Robinson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Andrew G Sharpe
- University of Saskatchewan, Global Institute for Food Security, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Aron Cory
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | - Moussa Benhamed
- Biology Department, Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, rue de Noetzlin, Plateau du Moulon, CS80004, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Paux
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Biology Department, Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, rue de Noetzlin, Plateau du Moulon, CS80004, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Lorenzo Concia
- Biology Department, Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, rue de Noetzlin, Plateau du Moulon, CS80004, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - David Latrasse
- Biology Department, Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, rue de Noetzlin, Plateau du Moulon, CS80004, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 18 High Street, Little Eversden, Cambridge CB23 1HE, UK
| | - John Jacobs
- Bayer CropScience, Trait Research, Innovation Center, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Alaux
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Jan Bartoš
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Arnaud Bellec
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Berges
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine Feuillet
- Bayer CropScience, Crop Science Division, Research and Development, Innovation Centre, 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Zeev Frenkel
- University of Haifa, Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Bikram Gill
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Abraham Korol
- University of Haifa, Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | | | - Odd-Arne Olsen
- Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Plant Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Miroslav Valárik
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Sonia Vautrin
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Song Weining
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712101, China
| | | | - Abraham Korol
- University of Haifa, Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Zeev Frenkel
- University of Haifa, Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Tzion Fahima
- University of Haifa, Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | | | - Dina Raats
- Earlham Institute, Core Bioinformatics, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 18 High Street, Little Eversden, Cambridge CB23 1HE, UK
| | | | - Vijay Tiwari
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Road, 2102 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bikram Gill
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Etienne Paux
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jesse Poland
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Číhalíková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Toegelová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Benoit Darrier
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris Fischer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Danara Ormanbekova
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Verena Prade
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Delfina Barabaschi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via S. Protaso, 302, I -29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via S. Protaso, 302, I -29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | | | - Pilar Hernandez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Galvez
- Universidad de Málaga, Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Cereal Genomics Lab, Montana State University, 412 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kamil Witek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Brande B H Wulff
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Guotai Yu
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Ian Small
- School of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Joanna Melonek
- School of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ruonan Zhou
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Angéla Juhász
- Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.,Agricultural Institute, MTA Centre for Agricultural Research, Applied Genomics Department, 2 Brunszvik Street, Martonvásár H 2462, Hungary
| | - Tatiana Belova
- Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Plant Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Odd-Arne Olsen
- Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Plant Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Robert King
- Rothamsted Research, Computational and Analytical Sciences, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Kirby Nilsen
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Curtis J Pozniak
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Ron Knox
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Krysta Wiebe
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Daoquan Xiang
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | | | - Antje Rohde
- Bayer CropScience, Breeding and Trait Development, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Timothy Golds
- Bayer CropScience, Trait Research, Innovation Center, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čížková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josquin Tibbits
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | | | - Hikmet Budak
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Cereal Genomics Lab, Montana State University, 412 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Bala Ani Akpinar
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Cereal Genomics Lab, Montana State University, 412 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Sezgi Biyiklioglu
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Cereal Genomics Lab, Montana State University, 412 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Gary Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jesse Poland
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Liangliang Gao
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Juan Gutierrez-Gonzalez
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Amidou N'Daiye
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Číhalíková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kubaláková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šafář
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hélène Berges
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Bellec
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Sonia Vautrin
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | | | - Michael Alaux
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | | | | | - Raphael Flores
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Claire Guerche
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | | | - Mikaël Loaec
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | | | | | | | - Curtis J Pozniak
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Andrew G Sharpe
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada.,University of Saskatchewan, Global Institute for Food Security, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | | | - Hikmet Budak
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Cereal Genomics Lab, Montana State University, 412 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Janet Condie
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ens
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - ChuShin Koh
- University of Saskatchewan, Global Institute for Food Security, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Ron Maclachlan
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Yifang Tan
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Paux
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adriana Alberti
- CEA-Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- CEA-Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - François Balfourier
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Barbe
- CEA-Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- CEA-Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- CEA-Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Karine Labadie
- CEA-Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Mangenot
- CEA-Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- CEA-Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry Cedex, France.,CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France.,Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France
| | | | - Bikram Gill
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mingcheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95617, USA
| | - Sunish Sehgal
- Agronomy Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, 2108 Jackrabbit Drive, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | | | - Kuldeep Singh
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Om Prakash Gupta
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Suruchi Jindal
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parampreet Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Palvi Malik
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Priti Sharma
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Bharat Yadav
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Nagendra K Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - JitendraP Khurana
- University of Delhi South Campus, Interdisciplinary Center for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Chanderkant Chaudhary
- University of Delhi South Campus, Interdisciplinary Center for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- University of Delhi South Campus, Interdisciplinary Center for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Mahato
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Saloni Mathur
- University of Delhi South Campus, Interdisciplinary Center for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Amitha Sevanthi
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Naveen Sharma
- University of Delhi South Campus, Interdisciplinary Center for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ram Sewak Tomar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 18 High Street, Little Eversden, Cambridge CB23 1HE, UK
| | - John Jacobs
- Bayer CropScience, Trait Research, Innovation Center, Technologiepark 38, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Alaux
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud Bellec
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Berges
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine Feuillet
- Bayer CropScience, Crop Science Division, Research and Development, Innovation Centre, 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Zeev Frenkel
- University of Haifa, Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Bikram Gill
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Abraham Korol
- University of Haifa, Institute of Evolution and the Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | | | - Sonia Vautrin
- INRA, CNRGV, chemin de Borde Rouge, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | | | - Bikram Gill
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur
- Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mingcheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95617, USA
| | - Sunish Sehgal
- Agronomy Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, 2108 Jackrabbit Drive, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | | | - Jan Bartoš
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holušová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Plíhal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Matthew D Clark
- Earlham Institute, Core Bioinformatics, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK.,Department of Lifesciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Darren Heavens
- Earlham Institute, Core Bioinformatics, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Jon Wright
- Earlham Institute, Core Bioinformatics, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Miroslav Valárik
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Abrouk
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Barbora Balcárková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holušová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yuqin Hu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95617, USA
| | - Mingcheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95617, USA
| | | | - Elena Salina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolai Ravin
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Leninsky Avenue 33, Building 2, Moscow 119071, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Konstantin Skryabin
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Leninsky Avenue 33, Building 2, Moscow 119071, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Beletsky
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Leninsky Avenue 33, Building 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vitaly Kadnikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Leninsky Avenue 33, Building 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey Mardanov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Leninsky Avenue 33, Building 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Michail Nesterov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey Rakitin
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Leninsky Avenue 33, Building 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sergeeva
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, pr. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | - Hirokazu Handa
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanamori
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katagiri
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kobayashi
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nasuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | | | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Matthew Hayden
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Philippe Rigault
- GYDLE, Suite 220, 1135 Grande Allée, Ouest, Québec, QC G1S 1E7, Canada
| | - Josquin Tibbits
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | | | - Odd-Arne Olsen
- Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Plant Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Tatiana Belova
- Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Plant Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Min Jiumeng
- BGI-Shenzhen, BGI Genomics, Building No. 7, BGI Park, No. 21 Hongan 3rd Street, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Karl Kugler
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias Pfeifer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simen Sandve
- Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Xu Xun
- BGI-Shenzhen, BGI Genomics, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Bujie Zhan
- Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Plant Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Abrouk
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Philipp E Bayer
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Satomi Hayashi
- Queensland University of Technology, Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Helena Toegelová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Tulpová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Visendi
- University of Greenwich, Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | | | - Song Weining
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712101, China
| | - Licao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712101, China
| | - Xianghong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712101, China
| | - Kewei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712101, China
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712101, China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712101, China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712101, China
| | | | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Heidrun Gundlach
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Galvez
- Universidad de Málaga, Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lux
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Danara Ormanbekova
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Verena Prade
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany. .,The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Agriculture and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Luca Venturini
- Earlham Institute, Core Bioinformatics, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany. .,The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Agriculture and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rudi Appels
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport, and Resources, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Australia-China Centre for Wheat Improvement, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Kellye Eversole
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 5207 Wyoming Road, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA. .,Eversole Associates, 5207 Wyoming Road, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA
| | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), 18 High Street, Little Eversden, Cambridge CB23 1HE, UK
| | - Philippa Borrill
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via S. Protaso, 302, I -29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pilar Hernandez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Daniel Lang
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Genebank, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirby Nilsen
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Etienne Paux
- GDEC (Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals), INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Curtis J Pozniak
- University of Saskatchewan, Crop Development Centre, Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ian Small
- School of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Venturini L, Caim S, Kaithakottil GG, Mapleson DL, Swarbreck D. Leveraging multiple transcriptome assembly methods for improved gene structure annotation. Gigascience 2018; 7:5057872. [PMID: 30052957 PMCID: PMC6105091 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The performance of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) aligners and assemblers varies greatly across different organisms and experiments, and often the optimal approach is not known beforehand. Results Here, we show that the accuracy of transcript reconstruction can be boosted by combining multiple methods, and we present a novel algorithm to integrate multiple RNA-seq assemblies into a coherent transcript annotation. Our algorithm can remove redundancies and select the best transcript models according to user-specified metrics, while solving common artifacts such as erroneous transcript chimerisms. Conclusions We have implemented this method in an open-source Python3 and Cython program, Mikado, available on GitHub.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Venturini
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR47UZ, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Shabhonam Caim
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR47UZ, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, NR47UA, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, NR47UZ, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McMullan M, Rafiqi M, Kaithakottil G, Clavijo BJ, Bilham L, Orton E, Percival-Alwyn L, Ward BJ, Edwards A, Saunders DGO, Garcia Accinelli G, Wright J, Verweij W, Koutsovoulos G, Yoshida K, Hosoya T, Williamson L, Jennings P, Ioos R, Husson C, Hietala AM, Vivian-Smith A, Solheim H, MaClean D, Fosker C, Hall N, Brown JKM, Swarbreck D, Blaxter M, Downie JA, Clark MD. The ash dieback invasion of Europe was founded by two genetically divergent individuals. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1000-1008. [PMID: 29686237 PMCID: PMC5969572 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating international trade and climate change make pathogen spread an increasing concern. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of ash dieback, is a fungal pathogen that has been moving across continents and hosts from Asian to European ash. Most European common ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) are highly susceptible to H. fraxineus, although a minority (~5%) have partial resistance to dieback. Here, we assemble and annotate a H. fraxineus draft genome which approaches chromosome scale. Pathogen genetic diversity across Europe and in Japan, reveals a strong bottleneck in Europe, though a signal of adaptive diversity remains in key host interaction genes. We find that the European population was founded by two divergent haploid individuals. Divergence between these haplotypes represents the ancestral polymorphism within a large source population. Subsequent introduction from this source would greatly increase adaptive potential of the pathogen. Thus, further introgression of H. fraxineus into Europe represents a potential threat and Europe-wide biological security measures are needed to manage this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark McMullan
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben J Ward
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Anne Edwards
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | - Walter Verweij
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Kentaro Yoshida
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Graduate school of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hosoya
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Renaud Ioos
- ANSES Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Malzéville, France
| | | | - Ari M Hietala
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Dan MaClean
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Neil Hall
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Blaxter
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Matthew D Clark
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. .,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sierocinski P, Milferstedt K, Bayer F, Großkopf T, Alston M, Bastkowski S, Swarbreck D, Hobbs PJ, Soyer OS, Hamelin J, Buckling A. A Single Community Dominates Structure and Function of a Mixture of Multiple Methanogenic Communities. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3390-3395.e4. [PMID: 29107553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ecology of microbes frequently involves the mixing of entire communities (community coalescence), for example, flooding events, host excretion, and soil tillage [1, 2], yet the consequences of this process for community structure and function are poorly understood [3-7]. Recent theory suggests that a community, due to coevolution between constituent species, may act as a partially cohesive unit [8-11], resulting in one community dominating after community coalescence. This dominant community is predicted to be the one that uses resources most efficiently when grown in isolation [11]. We experimentally tested these predictions using methanogenic communities, for which efficient resource use, quantified by methane production, requires coevolved cross-feeding interactions between species [12]. After propagation in laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters, community composition (determined from 16S rRNA sequencing) and methane production of mixtures of communities closely resembled that of the single most productive community grown in isolation. Analysis of each community's contribution toward the final mixture suggests that certain combinations of taxa within a community might be co-selected as a result of coevolved interactions. As a corollary of these findings, we also show that methane production increased with the number of inoculated communities. These findings are relevant to the understanding of the ecological dynamics of natural microbial communities, as well as demonstrating a simple method of predictably enhancing microbial community function in biotechnology, health, and agriculture [13].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Milferstedt
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (IRNA), 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Florian Bayer
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Tobias Großkopf
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mark Alston
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Orkun S Soyer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jérôme Hamelin
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (IRNA), 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Angus Buckling
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Clavijo BJ, Venturini L, Schudoma C, Accinelli GG, Kaithakottil G, Wright J, Borrill P, Kettleborough G, Heavens D, Chapman H, Lipscombe J, Barker T, Lu FH, McKenzie N, Raats D, Ramirez-Gonzalez RH, Coince A, Peel N, Percival-Alwyn L, Duncan O, Trösch J, Yu G, Bolser DM, Namaati G, Kerhornou A, Spannagl M, Gundlach H, Haberer G, Davey RP, Fosker C, Palma FD, Phillips AL, Millar AH, Kersey PJ, Uauy C, Krasileva KV, Swarbreck D, Bevan MW, Clark MD. An improved assembly and annotation of the allohexaploid wheat genome identifies complete families of agronomic genes and provides genomic evidence for chromosomal translocations. Genome Res 2017; 27:885-896. [PMID: 28420692 PMCID: PMC5411782 DOI: 10.1101/gr.217117.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing and assembly technologies are generating many high-quality genome sequences, but assemblies of large, repeat-rich polyploid genomes, such as that of bread wheat, remain fragmented and incomplete. We have generated a new wheat whole-genome shotgun sequence assembly using a combination of optimized data types and an assembly algorithm designed to deal with large and complex genomes. The new assembly represents >78% of the genome with a scaffold N50 of 88.8 kb that has a high fidelity to the input data. Our new annotation combines strand-specific Illumina RNA-seq and Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) full-length cDNAs to identify 104,091 high-confidence protein-coding genes and 10,156 noncoding RNA genes. We confirmed three known and identified one novel genome rearrangements. Our approach enables the rapid and scalable assembly of wheat genomes, the identification of structural variants, and the definition of complete gene models, all powerful resources for trait analysis and breeding of this key global crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Barker
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fu-Hao Lu
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dina Raats
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ned Peel
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Owen Duncan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Josua Trösch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Guotai Yu
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Dan M Bolser
- EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Namaati
- EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Kerhornou
- EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gundlach
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert P Davey
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Federica Di Palma
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Paul J Kersey
- EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ksenia V Krasileva
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew D Clark
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
An SQ, Febrer M, McCarthy Y, Tang DJ, Clissold L, Kaithakottil G, Swarbreck D, Tang JL, Rogers J, Dow JM, Ryan RP. High-resolution transcriptional analysis of the regulatory influence of cell-to-cell signalling reveals novel genes that contribute to Xanthomonas
phytopathogenesis. Mol Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi An
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee; Dundee UK
- Department of Microbiology; Biosciences Institute, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Melanie Febrer
- Division of Molecular Medicine; College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee; Dundee UK
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane; Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Yvonne McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology; Biosciences Institute, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Dong-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Leah Clissold
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane; Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Gemy Kaithakottil
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane; Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane; Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Ji-Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Jane Rogers
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane; Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - J. Maxwell Dow
- Department of Microbiology; Biosciences Institute, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Robert P. Ryan
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee; Dundee UK
- Department of Microbiology; Biosciences Institute, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mathers TC, Chen Y, Kaithakottil G, Legeai F, Mugford ST, Baa-Puyoulet P, Bretaudeau A, Clavijo B, Colella S, Collin O, Dalmay T, Derrien T, Feng H, Gabaldón T, Jordan A, Julca I, Kettles GJ, Kowitwanich K, Lavenier D, Lenzi P, Lopez-Gomollon S, Loska D, Mapleson D, Maumus F, Moxon S, Price DRG, Sugio A, van Munster M, Uzest M, Waite D, Jander G, Tagu D, Wilson ACC, van Oosterhout C, Swarbreck D, Hogenhout SA. Erratum to: Rapid transcriptional plasticity of duplicated gene clusters enables a clonally reproducing aphid to colonise diverse plant species. Genome Biol 2017; 18:63. [PMID: 28376841 PMCID: PMC5381131 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Mathers
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK.,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA
| | - Yazhou Chen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA
| | | | - Fabrice Legeai
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institute of Genetics Environment and Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France.,IRISA/INRIA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Sam T Mugford
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA
| | - Patrice Baa-Puyoulet
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anthony Bretaudeau
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institute of Genetics Environment and Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France.,IRISA/INRIA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | | | - Stefano Colella
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France.,Present Address: INRA, UMR1342 IRD-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro-Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditéranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, F-34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Olivier Collin
- IRISA/INRIA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Tamas Dalmay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Derrien
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Developpement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Honglin Feng
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Jordan
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Irene Julca
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graeme J Kettles
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,Present address: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertforshire, ALF5 2JQ, UK
| | - Krissana Kowitwanich
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,Present address: J. R. Simplot Company, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Dominique Lavenier
- IRISA/INRIA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Paolo Lenzi
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,Present address: Alson H. Smith Jr. Agriculture and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Winchester, 22602, VA, USA
| | - Sara Lopez-Gomollon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Damian Loska
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Mapleson
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Florian Maumus
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Unité de Recherche Génomique-Info (URGI), INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Simon Moxon
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Daniel R G Price
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.,Present address: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Akiko Sugio
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institute of Genetics Environment and Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Manuella van Munster
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR BGPI, CIRAD TA-A54K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marilyne Uzest
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR BGPI, CIRAD TA-A54K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Darren Waite
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Georg Jander
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Denis Tagu
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institute of Genetics Environment and Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Alex C C Wilson
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK. .,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA. .,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Saskia A Hogenhout
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. .,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA. .,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fishwick C, Higgins J, Percival-Alwyn L, Hustler A, Pearson J, Bastkowski S, Moxon S, Swarbreck D, Greenman CD, Southgate J. Heterarchy of transcription factors driving basal and luminal cell phenotypes in human urothelium. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:809-818. [PMID: 28282036 PMCID: PMC5423105 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation is affected by complex networks of transcription factors that co-ordinate re-organisation of the chromatin landscape. The hierarchies of these relationships can be difficult to dissect. During in vitro differentiation of normal human uro-epithelial cells, formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE-seq) and RNA-seq was used to identify alterations in chromatin accessibility and gene expression changes following activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as a differentiation-initiating event. Regions of chromatin identified by FAIRE-seq, as having altered accessibility during differentiation, were found to be enriched with sequence-specific binding motifs for transcription factors predicted to be involved in driving basal and differentiated urothelial cell phenotypes, including forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), P63, GRHL2, CTCF and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3). In addition, co-occurrence of GATA3 motifs was observed within subsets of differentiation-specific peaks containing P63 or FOXA1. Changes in abundance of GRHL2, GATA3 and P63 were observed in immunoblots of chromatin-enriched extracts. Transient siRNA knockdown of P63 revealed that P63 favoured a basal-like phenotype by inhibiting differentiation and promoting expression of basal marker genes. GATA3 siRNA prevented differentiation-associated downregulation of P63 protein and transcript, and demonstrated positive feedback of GATA3 on PPARG transcript, but showed no effect on FOXA1 transcript or protein expression. This approach indicates that as a transcriptionally regulated programme, urothelial differentiation operates as a heterarchy, wherein GATA3 is able to co-operate with FOXA1 to drive expression of luminal marker genes, but that P63 has potential to transrepress expression of the same genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Fishwick
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Janet Higgins
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | | | - Arianna Hustler
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Joanna Pearson
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Simon Moxon
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Chris D Greenman
- School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mathers TC, Chen Y, Kaithakottil G, Legeai F, Mugford ST, Baa-Puyoulet P, Bretaudeau A, Clavijo B, Colella S, Collin O, Dalmay T, Derrien T, Feng H, Gabaldón T, Jordan A, Julca I, Kettles GJ, Kowitwanich K, Lavenier D, Lenzi P, Lopez-Gomollon S, Loska D, Mapleson D, Maumus F, Moxon S, Price DRG, Sugio A, van Munster M, Uzest M, Waite D, Jander G, Tagu D, Wilson ACC, van Oosterhout C, Swarbreck D, Hogenhout SA. Rapid transcriptional plasticity of duplicated gene clusters enables a clonally reproducing aphid to colonise diverse plant species. Genome Biol 2017; 18:27. [PMID: 28190401 PMCID: PMC5304397 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevailing paradigm of host-parasite evolution is that arms races lead to increasing specialisation via genetic adaptation. Insect herbivores are no exception and the majority have evolved to colonise a small number of closely related host species. Remarkably, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, colonises plant species across 40 families and single M. persicae clonal lineages can colonise distantly related plants. This remarkable ability makes M. persicae a highly destructive pest of many important crop species. Results To investigate the exceptional phenotypic plasticity of M. persicae, we sequenced the M. persicae genome and assessed how one clonal lineage responds to host plant species of different families. We show that genetically identical individuals are able to colonise distantly related host species through the differential regulation of genes belonging to aphid-expanded gene families. Multigene clusters collectively upregulate in single aphids within two days upon host switch. Furthermore, we demonstrate the functional significance of this rapid transcriptional change using RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knock-down of genes belonging to the cathepsin B gene family. Knock-down of cathepsin B genes reduced aphid fitness, but only on the host that induced upregulation of these genes. Conclusions Previous research has focused on the role of genetic adaptation of parasites to their hosts. Here we show that the generalist aphid pest M. persicae is able to colonise diverse host plant species in the absence of genetic specialisation. This is achieved through rapid transcriptional plasticity of genes that have duplicated during aphid evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1145-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Mathers
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK.,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA
| | - Yazhou Chen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA
| | | | - Fabrice Legeai
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institute of Genetics Environment and Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France.,IRISA/INRIA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Sam T Mugford
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA
| | - Patrice Baa-Puyoulet
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anthony Bretaudeau
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institute of Genetics Environment and Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France.,IRISA/INRIA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | | | - Stefano Colella
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRA, BF2I, UMR0203, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France.,Present Address: INRA, UMR1342 IRD-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro-Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditéranéennes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, F-34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Olivier Collin
- IRISA/INRIA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Tamas Dalmay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Derrien
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Developpement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Honglin Feng
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Jordan
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Irene Julca
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graeme J Kettles
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,Present address: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertforshire, ALF5 2JQ, UK
| | - Krissana Kowitwanich
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,Present address: J. R. Simplot Company, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Dominique Lavenier
- IRISA/INRIA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Paolo Lenzi
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,Present address: Alson H. Smith Jr. Agriculture and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Winchester, 22602, VA, USA
| | - Sara Lopez-Gomollon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Damian Loska
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Mapleson
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Florian Maumus
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Unité de Recherche Génomique-Info (URGI), INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Simon Moxon
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Daniel R G Price
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.,Present address: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Akiko Sugio
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institute of Genetics Environment and Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Manuella van Munster
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR BGPI, CIRAD TA-A54K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marilyne Uzest
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR BGPI, CIRAD TA-A54K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Darren Waite
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Georg Jander
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Denis Tagu
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP (Institute of Genetics Environment and Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Alex C C Wilson
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK. .,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA. .,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Saskia A Hogenhout
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. .,The International Aphid Genomics Consortium, Miami, USA. .,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rey MD, Martín AC, Higgins J, Swarbreck D, Uauy C, Shaw P, Moore G. Exploiting the ZIP4 homologue within the wheat Ph1 locus has identified two lines exhibiting homoeologous crossover in wheat-wild relative hybrids. Mol Breed 2017; 37:95. [PMID: 28781573 PMCID: PMC5515957 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-017-0700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite possessing related ancestral genomes, hexaploid wheat behaves as a diploid during meiosis. The wheat Ph1 locus promotes accurate synapsis and crossover of homologous chromosomes. Interspecific hybrids between wheat and wild relatives are exploited by breeders to introgress important traits from wild relatives into wheat, although in hybrids between hexaploid wheat and wild relatives, which possess only homoeologues, crossovers do not take place during meiosis at metaphase I. However, in hybrids between Ph1 deletion mutants and wild relatives, crossovers do take place. A single Ph1 deletion (ph1b) mutant has been exploited for the last 40 years for this activity. We show here that chemically induced mutant lines, selected for a mutation in TaZIP4-B2 within the Ph1 locus, exhibit high levels of homoeologous crossovers when crossed with wild relatives. Tazip4-B2 mutant lines may be more stable over multiple generations, as multivalents causing accumulation of chromosome translocations are less frequent. Exploitation of such Tazip4-B2 mutants, rather than mutants with whole Ph1 locus deletions, may therefore improve introgression of wild relative chromosome segments into wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet Higgins
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Peter Shaw
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li J, Cocker JM, Wright J, Webster MA, McMullan M, Dyer S, Swarbreck D, Caccamo M, Oosterhout CV, Gilmartin PM. Genetic architecture and evolution of the S locus supergene in Primula vulgaris. Nat Plants 2016; 2:16188. [PMID: 27909301 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Darwin's studies on heterostyly in Primula described two floral morphs, pin and thrum, with reciprocal anther and stigma heights that promote insect-mediated cross-pollination. This key innovation evolved independently in several angiosperm families. Subsequent studies on heterostyly in Primula contributed to the foundation of modern genetic theory and the neo-Darwinian synthesis. The established genetic model for Primula heterostyly involves a diallelic S locus comprising several genes, with rare recombination events that result in self-fertile homostyle flowers with anthers and stigma at the same height. Here we reveal the S locus supergene as a tightly linked cluster of thrum-specific genes that are absent in pins. We show that thrums are hemizygous not heterozygous for the S locus, which suggests that homostyles do not arise by recombination between S locus haplotypes as previously proposed. Duplication of a floral homeotic gene 51.7 million years (Myr) ago, followed by its neofunctionalization, created the current S locus assemblage which led to floral heteromorphy in Primula. Our findings provide new insights into the structure, function and evolution of this archetypal supergene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jonathan M Cocker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jonathan Wright
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Margaret A Webster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mark McMullan
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sarah Dyer
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Philip M Gilmartin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Großkopf T, Zenobi S, Alston M, Folkes L, Swarbreck D, Soyer OS. A stable genetic polymorphism underpinning microbial syntrophy. ISME J 2016; 10:2844-2853. [PMID: 27258948 PMCID: PMC5042321 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Syntrophies are metabolic cooperations, whereby two organisms co-metabolize a substrate in an interdependent manner. Many of the observed natural syntrophic interactions are mandatory in the absence of strong electron acceptors, such that one species in the syntrophy has to assume the role of electron sink for the other. While this presents an ecological setting for syntrophy to be beneficial, the potential genetic drivers of syntrophy remain unknown to date. Here, we show that the syntrophic sulfate-reducing species Desulfovibrio vulgaris displays a stable genetic polymorphism, where only a specific genotype is able to engage in syntrophy with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanococcus maripaludis. This 'syntrophic' genotype is characterized by two genetic alterations, one of which is an in-frame deletion in the gene encoding for the ion-translocating subunit cooK of the membrane-bound COO hydrogenase. We show that this genotype presents a specific physiology, in which reshaping of energy conservation in the lactate oxidation pathway enables it to produce sufficient intermediate hydrogen for sustained M. maripaludis growth and thus, syntrophy. To our knowledge, these findings provide for the first time a genetic basis for syntrophy in nature and bring us closer to the rational engineering of syntrophy in synthetic microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Großkopf
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Simone Zenobi
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mark Alston
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Leighton Folkes
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Orkun S Soyer
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Crost EH, Tailford LE, Monestier M, Swarbreck D, Henrissat B, Crossman LC, Juge N. The mucin-degradation strategy of Ruminococcus gnavus: The importance of intramolecular trans-sialidases. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:302-312. [PMID: 27223845 PMCID: PMC4988440 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1186334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified and characterized an intramolecular trans-sialidase (IT-sialidase) in the gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus ATCC 29149, which is associated to the ability of the strain to grow on mucins. In this work we have obtained and analyzed the draft genome sequence of another R. gnavus mucin-degrader, ATCC 35913, isolated from a healthy individual. Transcriptomics analyses of both ATCC 29149 and ATCC 35913 strains confirmed that the strategy utilized by R. gnavus for mucin-degradation is focused on the utilization of terminal mucin glycans. R. gnavus ATCC 35913 also encodes a predicted IT-sialidase and harbors a Nan cluster dedicated to sialic acid utilization. We showed that the Nan cluster was upregulated when the strains were grown in presence of mucin. In addition we demonstrated that both R. gnavus strains were able to grow on 2,7-anyhydro-Neu5Ac, the IT-sialidase transglycosylation product, as a sole carbon source. Taken together these data further support the hypothesis that IT-sialidase expressing gut microbes, provide commensal bacteria such as R. gnavus with a nutritional competitive advantage, by accessing and transforming a source of nutrient to their own benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle H. Crost
- Institute of Food Research, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Program, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E. Tailford
- Institute of Food Research, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Program, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Monestier
- Institute of Food Research, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Program, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Swarbreck
- The Genome Analysis Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS UMR 7257, France
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa C. Crossman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- SequenceAnalysis.co.uk, NRP Innovation Center, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Institute of Food Research, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Program, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Penso-Dolfin L, Swofford R, Johnson J, Alföldi J, Lindblad-Toh K, Swarbreck D, Moxon S, Di Palma F. An Improved microRNA Annotation of the Canine Genome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153453. [PMID: 27119849 PMCID: PMC4847789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, is a valuable model for studying human diseases. The publication of the latest Canine genome build and annotation, CanFam3.1 provides an opportunity to enhance our understanding of gene regulation across tissues in the dog model system. In this study, we used the latest dog genome assembly and small RNA sequencing data from 9 different dog tissues to predict novel miRNAs in the dog genome, as well as to annotate conserved miRNAs from the miRBase database that were missing from the current dog annotation. We used both miRCat and miRDeep2 algorithms to computationally predict miRNA loci. The resulting, putative hairpin sequences were analysed in order to discard false positives, based on predicted secondary structures and patterns of small RNA read alignments. Results were further divided into high and low confidence miRNAs, using the same criteria. We generated tissue specific expression profiles for the resulting set of 811 loci: 720 conserved miRNAs, (207 of which had not been previously annotated in the dog genome) and 91 novel miRNA loci. Comparative analyses revealed 8 putative homologues of some novel miRNA in ferret, and one in microbat. All miRNAs were also classified into the genic and intergenic categories, based on the Ensembl RefSeq gene annotation for CanFam3.1. This additionally allowed us to identify four previously undescribed MiRtrons among our total set of miRNAs. We additionally annotated piRNAs, using proTRAC on the same input data. We thus identified 263 putative clusters, most of which (211 clusters) were found to be expressed in testis. Our results represent an important improvement of the dog genome annotation, paving the way to further research on the evolution of gene regulation, as well as on the contribution of post-transcriptional regulation to pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Penso-Dolfin
- Vertebrate and Health Genomics, The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Swofford
- Vertebrate Genome Biology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Vertebrate Genome Biology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica Alföldi
- Vertebrate Genome Biology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Vertebrate Genome Biology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Swarbreck
- Regulatory Genomics, The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Moxon
- Regulatory Genomics, The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SM); (DFP)
| | - Federica Di Palma
- Vertebrate and Health Genomics, The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SM); (DFP)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wegmann U, MacKenzie DA, Zheng J, Goesmann A, Roos S, Swarbreck D, Walter J, Crossman LC, Juge N. The pan-genome of Lactobacillus reuteri strains originating from the pig gastrointestinal tract. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1023. [PMID: 26626322 PMCID: PMC4667477 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus reuteri is a gut symbiont of a wide variety of vertebrate species that has diversified into distinct phylogenetic clades which are to a large degree host-specific. Previous work demonstrated host specificity in mice and begun to determine the mechanisms by which gut colonisation and host restriction is achieved. However, how L. reuteri strains colonise the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of pigs is unknown. RESULTS To gain insight into the ecology of L. reuteri in the pig gut, the genome sequence of the porcine small intestinal isolate L. reuteri ATCC 53608 was completed and consisted of a chromosome of 1.94 Mbp and two plasmids of 138.5 kbp and 9.09 kbp, respectively. Furthermore, we generated draft genomes of four additional L. reuteri strains isolated from pig faeces or lower GI tract, lp167-67, pg-3b, 20-2 and 3c6, and subjected all five genomes to a comparative genomic analysis together with the previously completed genome of strain I5007. A phylogenetic analysis based on whole genomes showed that porcine L. reuteri strains fall into two distinct clades, as previously suggested by multi-locus sequence analysis. These six pig L. reuteri genomes contained a core set of 1364 orthologous gene clusters, as determined by OrthoMCL analysis, that contributed to a pan-genome totalling 3373 gene clusters. Genome comparisons of the six pig L. reuteri strains with 14 L. reuteri strains from other host origins gave a total pan-genome of 5225 gene clusters that included a core genome of 851 gene clusters but revealed that there were no pig-specific genes per se. However, genes specific for and conserved among strains of the two pig phylogenetic lineages were detected, some of which encoded cell surface proteins that could contribute to the diversification of the two lineages and their observed host specificity. CONCLUSIONS This study extends the phylogenetic analysis of L. reuteri strains at a genome-wide level, pointing to distinct evolutionary trajectories of porcine L. reuteri lineages, and providing new insights into the genomic events in L. reuteri that occurred during specialisation to their hosts. The occurrence of two distinct pig-derived clades may reflect differences in host genotype, environmental factors such as dietary components or to evolution from ancestral strains of human and rodent origin following contact with pig populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Wegmann
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Donald A MacKenzie
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, 35392, Germany.
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, S-750 07, Sweden.
| | - David Swarbreck
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Lisa C Crossman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
- SequenceAnalysis.co.uk, NRP Innovation Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UG, UK.
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cocker JM, Webster MA, Li J, Wright J, Kaithakottil G, Swarbreck D, Gilmartin PM. Oakleaf: an S locus-linked mutation of Primula vulgaris that affects leaf and flower development. New Phytol 2015; 208:149-61. [PMID: 25856106 PMCID: PMC4973830 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In Primula vulgaris outcrossing is promoted through reciprocal herkogamy with insect-mediated cross-pollination between pin and thrum form flowers. Development of heteromorphic flowers is coordinated by genes at the S locus. To underpin construction of a genetic map facilitating isolation of these S locus genes, we have characterised Oakleaf, a novel S locus-linked mutant phenotype. We combine phenotypic observation of flower and leaf development, with classical genetic analysis and next-generation sequencing to address the molecular basis of Oakleaf. Oakleaf is a dominant mutation that affects both leaf and flower development; plants produce distinctive lobed leaves, with occasional ectopic meristems on the veins. This phenotype is reminiscent of overexpression of Class I KNOX-homeodomain transcription factors. We describe the structure and expression of all eight P. vulgaris PvKNOX genes in both wild-type and Oakleaf plants, and present comparative transcriptome analysis of leaves and flowers from Oakleaf and wild-type plants. Oakleaf provides a new phenotypic marker for genetic analysis of the Primula S locus. We show that none of the Class I PvKNOX genes are strongly upregulated in Oakleaf leaves and flowers, and identify cohorts of 507 upregulated and 314 downregulated genes in the Oakleaf mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Cocker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Margaret A. Webster
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Jinhong Li
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Jonathan Wright
- The Genome Analysis CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | | | - David Swarbreck
- The Genome Analysis CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Philip M. Gilmartin
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rallapalli G, Saunders DGO, Yoshida K, Edwards A, Lugo CA, Collin S, Clavijo B, Corpas M, Swarbreck D, Clark M, Downie JA, Kamoun S, MacLean D. Lessons from Fraxinus, a crowd-sourced citizen science game in genomics. eLife 2015; 4:e07460. [PMID: 26219214 PMCID: PMC4517073 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2013, in response to an epidemic of ash dieback disease in England the previous year, we launched a Facebook-based game called Fraxinus to enable non-scientists to contribute to genomics studies of the pathogen that causes the disease and the ash trees that are devastated by it. Over a period of 51 weeks players were able to match computational alignments of genetic sequences in 78% of cases, and to improve them in 15% of cases. We also found that most players were only transiently interested in the game, and that the majority of the work done was performed by a small group of dedicated players. Based on our experiences we have built a linear model for the length of time that contributors are likely to donate to a crowd-sourced citizen science project. This model could serve a guide for the design and implementation of future crowd-sourced citizen science initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraxinus Players
- Facebook, Fraxinus - Ash Dieback Game Community, Online, United Kingdom
| | - Diane GO Saunders
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom; John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom and The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Team Cooper
- Coopermatic Ltd, Team Cooper, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dan MacLean
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Motivation: The de novo assembly of genomes from whole- genome shotgun sequence data is a computationally intensive, multi-stage task and it is not known a priori which methods and parameter settings will produce optimal results. In current de novo assembly projects, a popular strategy involves trying many approaches, using different tools and settings, and then comparing and contrasting the results in order to select a final assembly for publication. Results: Herein, we present RAMPART, a configurable workflow management system for de novo genome assembly, which helps the user identify combinations of third-party tools and settings that provide good results for their particular genome and sequenced reads. RAMPART is designed to exploit High performance computing environments, such as clusters and shared memory systems, where available. Availability and implementation: RAMPART is available under the GPLv3 license at: https://github.com/TGAC/RAMPART. Contact:daniel.mapleson@tgac.ac.uk Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. In addition, the user manual is available online at: http://rampart.readthedocs.org/en/latest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mapleson
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Nizar Drou
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Turner TR, Ramakrishnan K, Walshaw J, Heavens D, Alston M, Swarbreck D, Osbourn A, Grant A, Poole PS. Comparative metatranscriptomics reveals kingdom level changes in the rhizosphere microbiome of plants. ISME J 2013; 7:2248-58. [PMID: 23864127 PMCID: PMC3834852 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere have important roles in biogeochemical cycling, and maintenance of plant health and productivity, yet remain poorly understood. Using RNA-based metatranscriptomics, the global active microbiomes were analysed in soil and rhizospheres of wheat, oat, pea and an oat mutant (sad1) deficient in production of anti-fungal avenacins. Rhizosphere microbiomes differed from bulk soil and between plant species. Pea (a legume) had a much stronger effect on the rhizosphere than wheat and oat (cereals), resulting in a dramatically different rhizosphere community. The relative abundance of eukaryotes in the oat and pea rhizospheres was more than fivefold higher than in the wheat rhizosphere or bulk soil. Nematodes and bacterivorous protozoa were enriched in all rhizospheres, whereas the pea rhizosphere was highly enriched for fungi. Metabolic capabilities for rhizosphere colonisation were selected, including cellulose degradation (cereals), H2 oxidation (pea) and methylotrophy (all plants). Avenacins had little effect on the prokaryotic community of oat, but the eukaryotic community was strongly altered in the sad1 mutant, suggesting that avenacins have a broader role than protecting from fungal pathogens. Profiling microbial communities with metatranscriptomics allows comparison of relative abundance, from multiple samples, across all domains of life, without polymerase chain reaction bias. This revealed profound differences in the rhizosphere microbiome, particularly at the kingdom level between plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Turner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
- Earth Life Systems Alliance, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Alastair Grant
- Earth Life Systems Alliance, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Philip S Poole
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
- Earth Life Systems Alliance, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Capeness MJ, Lambert C, Lovering AL, Till R, Uchida K, Chaudhuri R, Alderwick LJ, Lee DJ, Swarbreck D, Liddell S, Aizawa SI, Sockett RE. Activity of Bdellovibrio hit locus proteins, Bd0108 and Bd0109, links Type IVa pilus extrusion/retraction status to prey-independent growth signalling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79759. [PMID: 24224002 PMCID: PMC3818213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus are facultatively predatory bacteria that grow within gram-negative prey, using pili to invade their periplasmic niche. They also grow prey-independently on organic nutrients after undergoing a reversible switch. The nature of the growth switching mechanism has been elusive, but several independent reports suggested mutations in the hit (host-interaction) locus on the Bdellovibrio genome were associated with the transition to prey-independent growth. Pili are essential for prey entry by Bdellovibrio and sequence analysis of the hit locus predicted that it was part of a cluster of Type IVb pilus-associated genes, containing bd0108 and bd0109. In this study we have deleted the whole bd0108 gene, which is unique to Bdellovibrio, and compared its phenotype to strains containing spontaneous mutations in bd0108 and the common natural 42 bp deletion variant of bd0108. We find that deletion of the whole bd0108 gene greatly reduced the extrusion of pili, whereas the 42 bp deletion caused greater pilus extrusion than wild-type. The pili isolated from these strains were comprised of the Type IVa pilin protein; PilA. Attempts to similarly delete gene bd0109, which like bd0108 encodes a periplasmic/secreted protein, were not successful, suggesting that it is likely to be essential for Bdellovibrio viability in any growth mode. Bd0109 has a sugar binding YD- repeat motif and an N-terminus with a putative pilin-like fold and was found to interact directly with Bd0108. These results lead us to propose that the Bd0109/Bd0108 interaction regulates pilus production in Bdellovibrio (possibly by interaction with the pilus fibre at the cell wall), and that the presence (and possibly retraction state) of the pilus feeds back to alter the growth state of the Bdellovibrio cell. We further identify a novel small RNA encoded by the hit locus, the transcription of which is altered in different bd0108 mutation backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Capeness
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carey Lambert
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Lovering
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Till
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kaoru Uchida
- Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Roy Chaudhuri
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luke J. Alderwick
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Lee
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan Liddell
- Division of Animal Sciences Proteomics Laboratory, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shin-Ichi Aizawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
An SQ, Febrer M, McCarthy Y, Tang DJ, Clissold L, Kaithakottil G, Swarbreck D, Tang JL, Rogers J, Dow JM, Ryan RP. High-resolution transcriptional analysis of the regulatory influence of cell-to-cell signalling reveals novel genes that contribute to Xanthomonas phytopathogenesis. Mol Microbiol 2013; 88:1058-69. [PMID: 23617851 PMCID: PMC3744752 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris is an economically important pathogen of many crop species and a model for the study of bacterial phytopathogenesis. In X. campestris, a regulatory system mediated by the signal molecule DSF controls virulence to plants. The synthesis and recognition of the DSF signal depends upon different Rpf proteins. DSF signal generation requires RpfF whereas signal perception and transduction depends upon a system comprising the sensor RpfC and regulator RpfG. Here we have addressed the action and role of Rpf/DSF signalling in phytopathogenesis by high-resolution transcriptional analysis coupled to functional genomics. We detected transcripts for many genes that were unidentified by previous computational analysis of the genome sequence. Novel transcribed regions included intergenic transcripts predicted as coding or non-coding as well as those that were antisense to coding sequences. In total, mutation of rpfF, rpfG and rpfC led to alteration in transcript levels (more than fourfold) of approximately 480 genes. The regulatory influence of RpfF and RpfC demonstrated considerable overlap. Contrary to expectation, the regulatory influence of RpfC and RpfG had limited overlap, indicating complexities of the Rpf signalling system. Importantly, functional analysis revealed over 160 new virulence factors within the group of Rpf-regulated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi An
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Maclean D, Yoshida K, Edwards A, Crossman L, Clavijo B, Clark M, Swarbreck D, Bashton M, Chapman P, Gijzen M, Caccamo M, Downie A, Kamoun S, Saunders DG. Crowdsourcing genomic analyses of ash and ash dieback - power to the people. Gigascience 2013; 2:2. [PMID: 23587306 PMCID: PMC3626535 DOI: 10.1186/2047-217x-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ash dieback is a devastating fungal disease of ash trees that has swept across Europe and recently reached the UK. This emergent pathogen has received little study in the past and its effect threatens to overwhelm the ash population. In response to this we have produced some initial genomics datasets and taken the unusual step of releasing them to the scientific community for analysis without first performing our own. In this manner we hope to ‘crowdsource’ analyses and bring the expertise of the community to bear on this problem as quickly as possible. Our data has been released through our website at oadb.tsl.ac.uk and a public GitHub repository.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Maclean
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
We have developed GFam, a platform for automatic annotation of gene/protein families. GFam provides a framework for genome initiatives and model organism resources to build domain-based families, derive meaningful functional labels and offers a seamless approach to propagate functional annotation across periodic genome updates. GFam is a hybrid approach that uses a greedy algorithm to chain component domains from InterPro annotation provided by its 12 member resources followed by a sequence-based connected component analysis of un-annotated sequence regions to derive consensus domain architecture for each sequence and subsequently generate families based on common architectures. Our integrated approach increases sequence coverage by 7.2 percentage points and residue coverage by 14.6 percentage points higher than the coverage relative to the best single-constituent database within InterPro for the proteome of Arabidopsis. The true power of GFam lies in maximizing annotation provided by the different InterPro data sources that offer resource-specific coverage for different regions of a sequence. GFam’s capability to capture higher sequence and residue coverage can be useful for genome annotation, comparative genomics and functional studies. GFam is a general-purpose software and can be used for any collection of protein sequences. The software is open source and can be obtained from http://www.paccanarolab.org/software/gfam/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sasidharan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Brown AP, Kroon JTM, Swarbreck D, Febrer M, Larson TR, Graham IA, Caccamo M, Slabas AR. Tissue-specific whole transcriptome sequencing in castor, directed at understanding triacylglycerol lipid biosynthetic pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30100. [PMID: 22319559 PMCID: PMC3272049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Storage triacylglycerols in castor bean seeds are enriched in the hydroxylated fatty acid ricinoleate. Extensive tissue-specific RNA-Seq transcriptome and lipid analysis will help identify components important for its biosynthesis. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS Storage triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the endosperm of developing castor (Ricinus communis) seeds are highly enriched in ricinoleic acid (18:1-OH). We have analysed neutral lipid fractions from other castor tissues using TLC, GLC and mass spectrometry. Cotyledons, like the endosperm, contain high levels of 18:1-OH in TAG. Pollen and male developing flowers accumulate TAG but do not contain 18:1-OH and leaves do not contain TAG or 18:1-OH. Analysis of acyl-CoAs in developing endosperm shows that ricinoleoyl-CoA is not the dominant acyl-CoA, indicating that either metabolic channelling or enzyme substrate selectivity are important in the synthesis of tri-ricinolein in this tissue. RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis, using Illumina sequencing by synthesis technology, has been performed on mRNA isolated from two stages of developing seeds, germinating seeds, leaf and pollen-producing male flowers in order to identify differences in lipid-metabolic pathways and enzyme isoforms which could be important in the biosynthesis of TAG enriched in 18:1-OH. This study gives comprehensive coverage of gene expression in a variety of different castor tissues. The potential role of differentially expressed genes is discussed against a background of proteins identified in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the site of TAG biosynthesis, and transgenic studies aimed at increasing the ricinoleic acid content of TAG. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Several of the genes identified in this tissue-specific whole transcriptome study have been used in transgenic plant research aimed at increasing the level of ricinoleic acid in TAG. New candidate genes have been identified which might further improve the level of ricinoleic acid in transgenic crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P. Brown
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Johan T. M. Kroon
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - David Swarbreck
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Febrer
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tony R. Larson
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A. Graham
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Caccamo
- The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Antoni R. Slabas
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lamesch P, Berardini TZ, Li D, Swarbreck D, Wilks C, Sasidharan R, Muller R, Dreher K, Alexander DL, Garcia-Hernandez M, Karthikeyan AS, Lee CH, Nelson WD, Ploetz L, Singh S, Wensel A, Huala E. The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): improved gene annotation and new tools. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:D1202-10. [PMID: 22140109 PMCID: PMC3245047 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1406] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR, http://arabidopsis.org) is a genome database for Arabidopsis thaliana, an important reference organism for many fundamental aspects of biology as well as basic and applied plant biology research. TAIR serves as a central access point for Arabidopsis data, annotates gene function and expression patterns using controlled vocabulary terms, and maintains and updates the A. thaliana genome assembly and annotation. TAIR also provides researchers with an extensive set of visualization and analysis tools. Recent developments include several new genome releases (TAIR8, TAIR9 and TAIR10) in which the A. thaliana assembly was updated, pseudogenes and transposon genes were re-annotated, and new data from proteomics and next generation transcriptome sequencing were incorporated into gene models and splice variants. Other highlights include progress on functional annotation of the genome and the release of several new tools including Textpresso for Arabidopsis which provides the capability to carry out full text searches on a large body of research literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lamesch
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lamesch P, Dreher K, Swarbreck D, Sasidharan R, Reiser L, Huala E. Using The
Arabidopsis
Information Resource (TAIR) to Find Information About
Arabidopsis
Genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; Chapter 1:1.11.1-1.11.51. [DOI: 10.1002/0471250953.bi0111s30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Dreher
- Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford California
| | | | | | | | - Eva Huala
- Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford California
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Swarbreck D, Wilks C, Lamesch P, Berardini TZ, Garcia-Hernandez M, Foerster H, Li D, Meyer T, Muller R, Ploetz L, Radenbaugh A, Singh S, Swing V, Tissier C, Zhang P, Huala E. The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): gene structure and function annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 2008. [PMID: 17986450 DOI: 10.1093/nur/skm965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR, http://arabidopsis.org) is the model organism database for the fully sequenced and intensively studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Data in TAIR is derived in large part from manual curation of the Arabidopsis research literature and direct submissions from the research community. New developments at TAIR include the addition of the GBrowse genome viewer to the TAIR site, a redesigned home page, navigation structure and portal pages to make the site more intuitive and easier to use, the launch of several TAIR web services and a new genome annotation release (TAIR7) in April 2007. A combination of manual and computational methods were used to generate this release, which contains 27,029 protein-coding genes, 3889 pseudogenes or transposable elements and 1123 ncRNAs (32,041 genes in all, 37,019 gene models). A total of 681 new genes and 1002 new splice variants were added. Overall, 10,098 loci (one-third of all loci from the previous TAIR6 release) were updated for the TAIR7 release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Swarbreck
- Carnegie Institution, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Swarbreck D, Wilks C, Lamesch P, Berardini TZ, Garcia-Hernandez M, Foerster H, Li D, Meyer T, Muller R, Ploetz L, Radenbaugh A, Singh S, Swing V, Tissier C, Zhang P, Huala E. The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): gene structure and function annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 36:D1009-14. [PMID: 17986450 PMCID: PMC2238962 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR, http://arabidopsis.org) is the model organism database for the fully sequenced and intensively studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Data in TAIR is derived in large part from manual curation of the Arabidopsis research literature and direct submissions from the research community. New developments at TAIR include the addition of the GBrowse genome viewer to the TAIR site, a redesigned home page, navigation structure and portal pages to make the site more intuitive and easier to use, the launch of several TAIR web services and a new genome annotation release (TAIR7) in April 2007. A combination of manual and computational methods were used to generate this release, which contains 27 029 protein-coding genes, 3889 pseudogenes or transposable elements and 1123 ncRNAs (32 041 genes in all, 37 019 gene models). A total of 681 new genes and 1002 new splice variants were added. Overall, 10 098 loci (one-third of all loci from the previous TAIR6 release) were updated for the TAIR7 release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Swarbreck
- Carnegie Institution, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Birney E, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Dutta A, Guigó R, Gingeras TR, Margulies EH, Weng Z, Snyder M, Dermitzakis ET, Thurman RE, Kuehn MS, Taylor CM, Neph S, Koch CM, Asthana S, Malhotra A, Adzhubei I, Greenbaum JA, Andrews RM, Flicek P, Boyle PJ, Cao H, Carter NP, Clelland GK, Davis S, Day N, Dhami P, Dillon SC, Dorschner MO, Fiegler H, Giresi PG, Goldy J, Hawrylycz M, Haydock A, Humbert R, James KD, Johnson BE, Johnson EM, Frum TT, Rosenzweig ER, Karnani N, Lee K, Lefebvre GC, Navas PA, Neri F, Parker SCJ, Sabo PJ, Sandstrom R, Shafer A, Vetrie D, Weaver M, Wilcox S, Yu M, Collins FS, Dekker J, Lieb JD, Tullius TD, Crawford GE, Sunyaev S, Noble WS, Dunham I, Denoeud F, Reymond A, Kapranov P, Rozowsky J, Zheng D, Castelo R, Frankish A, Harrow J, Ghosh S, Sandelin A, Hofacker IL, Baertsch R, Keefe D, Dike S, Cheng J, Hirsch HA, Sekinger EA, Lagarde J, Abril JF, Shahab A, Flamm C, Fried C, Hackermüller J, Hertel J, Lindemeyer M, Missal K, Tanzer A, Washietl S, Korbel J, Emanuelsson O, Pedersen JS, Holroyd N, Taylor R, Swarbreck D, Matthews N, Dickson MC, Thomas DJ, Weirauch MT, Gilbert J, Drenkow J, Bell I, Zhao X, Srinivasan KG, Sung WK, Ooi HS, Chiu KP, Foissac S, Alioto T, Brent M, Pachter L, Tress ML, Valencia A, Choo SW, Choo CY, Ucla C, Manzano C, Wyss C, Cheung E, Clark TG, Brown JB, Ganesh M, Patel S, Tammana H, Chrast J, Henrichsen CN, Kai C, Kawai J, Nagalakshmi U, Wu J, Lian Z, Lian J, Newburger P, Zhang X, Bickel P, Mattick JS, Carninci P, Hayashizaki Y, Weissman S, Hubbard T, Myers RM, Rogers J, Stadler PF, Lowe TM, Wei CL, Ruan Y, Struhl K, Gerstein M, Antonarakis SE, Fu Y, Green ED, Karaöz U, Siepel A, Taylor J, Liefer LA, Wetterstrand KA, Good PJ, Feingold EA, Guyer MS, Cooper GM, Asimenos G, Dewey CN, Hou M, Nikolaev S, Montoya-Burgos JI, Löytynoja A, Whelan S, Pardi F, Massingham T, Huang H, Zhang NR, Holmes I, Mullikin JC, Ureta-Vidal A, Paten B, Seringhaus M, Church D, Rosenbloom K, Kent WJ, Stone EA, Batzoglou S, Goldman N, Hardison RC, Haussler D, Miller W, Sidow A, Trinklein ND, Zhang ZD, Barrera L, Stuart R, King DC, Ameur A, Enroth S, Bieda MC, Kim J, Bhinge AA, Jiang N, Liu J, Yao F, Vega VB, Lee CWH, Ng P, Shahab A, Yang A, Moqtaderi Z, Zhu Z, Xu X, Squazzo S, Oberley MJ, Inman D, Singer MA, Richmond TA, Munn KJ, Rada-Iglesias A, Wallerman O, Komorowski J, Fowler JC, Couttet P, Bruce AW, Dovey OM, Ellis PD, Langford CF, Nix DA, Euskirchen G, Hartman S, Urban AE, Kraus P, Van Calcar S, Heintzman N, Kim TH, Wang K, Qu C, Hon G, Luna R, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG, Aldred SF, Cooper SJ, Halees A, Lin JM, Shulha HP, Zhang X, Xu M, Haidar JNS, Yu Y, Ruan Y, Iyer VR, Green RD, Wadelius C, Farnham PJ, Ren B, Harte RA, Hinrichs AS, Trumbower H, Clawson H, Hillman-Jackson J, Zweig AS, Smith K, Thakkapallayil A, Barber G, Kuhn RM, Karolchik D, Armengol L, Bird CP, de Bakker PIW, Kern AD, Lopez-Bigas N, Martin JD, Stranger BE, Woodroffe A, Davydov E, Dimas A, Eyras E, Hallgrímsdóttir IB, Huppert J, Zody MC, Abecasis GR, Estivill X, Bouffard GG, Guan X, Hansen NF, Idol JR, Maduro VVB, Maskeri B, McDowell JC, Park M, Thomas PJ, Young AC, Blakesley RW, Muzny DM, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Jiang H, Weinstock GM, Gibbs RA, Graves T, Fulton R, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Clamp M, Cuff J, Gnerre S, Jaffe DB, Chang JL, Lindblad-Toh K, Lander ES, Koriabine M, Nefedov M, Osoegawa K, Yoshinaga Y, Zhu B, de Jong PJ. Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature 2007; 447:799-816. [PMID: 17571346 PMCID: PMC2212820 DOI: 10.1038/nature05874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3782] [Impact Index Per Article: 222.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CCA, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RIS, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Bryant SP, Buckley D, Burford DC, Burrill WDH, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Clegg SM, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dovey O, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Faulkner LM, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MRJ, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Gribble SM, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ESI, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Langford CF, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NSW, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, oore MJFM, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Pandian RD, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Porter KM, Prigmore E, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall J. M. Wallis M, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR. Erratum: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/nature05152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Harrow J, Denoeud F, Frankish A, Reymond A, Chen CK, Chrast J, Lagarde J, Gilbert JGR, Storey R, Swarbreck D, Rossier C, Ucla C, Hubbard T, Antonarakis SE, Guigo R. GENCODE: producing a reference annotation for ENCODE. Genome Biol 2006; 7 Suppl 1:S4.1-9. [PMID: 16925838 PMCID: PMC1810553 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-s1-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GENCODE consortium was formed to identify and map all protein-coding genes within the ENCODE regions. This was achieved by a combination of initial manual annotation by the HAVANA team, experimental validation by the GENCODE consortium and a refinement of the annotation based on these experimental results. RESULTS The GENCODE gene features are divided into eight different categories of which only the first two (known and novel coding sequence) are confidently predicted to be protein-coding genes. 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and RT-PCR were used to experimentally verify the initial annotation. Of the 420 coding loci tested, 229 RACE products have been sequenced. They supported 5' extensions of 30 loci and new splice variants in 50 loci. In addition, 46 loci without evidence for a coding sequence were validated, consisting of 31 novel and 15 putative transcripts. We assessed the comprehensiveness of the GENCODE annotation by attempting to validate all the predicted exon boundaries outside the GENCODE annotation. Out of 1,215 tested in a subset of the ENCODE regions, 14 novel exon pairs were validated, only two of them in intergenic regions. CONCLUSION In total, 487 loci, of which 434 are coding, have been annotated as part of the GENCODE reference set available from the UCSC browser. Comparison of GENCODE annotation with RefSeq and ENSEMBL show only 40% of GENCODE exons are contained within the two sets, which is a reflection of the high number of alternative splice forms with unique exons annotated. Over 50% of coding loci have been experimentally verified by 5' RACE for EGASP and the GENCODE collaboration is continuing to refine its annotation of 1% human genome with the aid of experimental validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Harrow
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CCA, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RIS, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MRJ, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ESI, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NSW, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJF, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WDH, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 2006; 441:315-21. [PMID: 16710414 DOI: 10.1038/nature04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Chromosome 1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, and many coding sequences overlap. Rearrangements and mutations of chromosome 1 are prevalent in cancer and many other diseases. Patterns of sequence variation reveal signals of recent selection in specific genes that may contribute to human fitness, and also in regions where no function is evident. Fine-scale recombination occurs in hotspots of varying intensity along the sequence, and is enriched near genes. These and other studies of human biology and disease encoded within chromosome 1 are made possible with the highly accurate annotated sequence, as part of the completed set of chromosome sequences that comprise the reference human genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Gregory
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|