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Hernández-Lao T, Tienda-Parrilla M, Labella-Ortega M, Guerrero-Sánchez VM, Rey MD, Jorrín-Novo JV, Castillejo-Sánchez MÁ. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Quercus ilex-Phytophthora cinnamomi Pathosystem Reveals a Population-Specific Response, Independent of Co-Occurrence of Drought. Biomolecules 2024; 14:160. [PMID: 38397397 PMCID: PMC10887186 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Holm oak (Quercus ilex) is considered to be one of the major structural elements of Mediterranean forests and the agrosilvopastoral Spanish "dehesa", making it an outstanding example of ecological and socioeconomic sustainability in forest ecosystems. The exotic Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most aggressive pathogens of woody species and, together with drought, is considered to be one of the main drivers of holm oak decline. The effect of and response to P. cinnamomi inoculation were studied in the offspring of mother trees from two Andalusian populations, Cordoba and Huelva. At the two locations, acorns collected from both symptomatic (damaged) and asymptomatic (apparently healthy) trees were sampled. Damage symptoms, mortality, and chlorophyll fluorescence were evaluated in seedlings inoculated under humid and drought conditions. The effect and response depended on the population and were more apparent in Huelva than in Cordoba. An integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis revealed the involvement of different metabolic pathways in response to the pathogen in both populations, including amino acid metabolism pathways in Huelva, and terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Cordoba. However, no differential response was observed between seedlings inoculated under humid and drought conditions. A protective mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus was activated in response to defective photosynthetic activity in inoculated plants, which seemed to be more efficient in the Cordoba population. In addition, enzymes and metabolites of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways may have conferred higher resistance in the Cordoba population. Some enzymes are proposed as markers of resilience, among which glyoxalase I, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase are candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (T.H.-L.); (M.T.-P.); (M.L.-O.); (V.M.G.-S.); (M.-D.R.)
| | - María Ángeles Castillejo-Sánchez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain; (T.H.-L.); (M.T.-P.); (M.L.-O.); (V.M.G.-S.); (M.-D.R.)
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Carbonero-Pacheco J, Rey MD, Moreno-García J, Moreno J, García-Martínez T, Mauricio JC. Microbial diversity in sherry wine biofilms and surrounding mites. Food Microbiol 2023; 116:104366. [PMID: 37689427 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Sherry wines are film wines produced in the Jerez-Xérès-Sherry and Montilla-Moriles regions in southern Spain which require an aging process under flor biofilms, known as "biological aging". The presence of mites in Sherry wine wineries has been reported and associated with improved wine volatile properties. This work analyzes the microbial diversity in flor biofilms and mites in Sherry wine wineries using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) and ITS/gene amplification. Two mite species, Carpoglyphus lactis and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, were spotted in the sampled winery and 32 microorganism species were identified in their exoskeleton or surrounding biofilms. To our knowledge, 26 of these species were never described before in sherry wine environments. We hypothesized that mites feed on the flor biofilms as well as another type of biofilm located in barrel cracks, known by winemakers as "natas" (cream in English). These non-studied biofilms showed the highest microbiome diversity among all samples (followed by C. lactis spotted nearby) thus, representing a niche of microorganisms with potential biotechnological interest. Besides mites, Drosophila flies were spotted in the sampling areas. The role of flies and mites as vectors that transport microorganisms among different niches (i.e., flor biofilms and natas) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carbonero-Pacheco
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Moreno-García
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Mauricio
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
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Jorrin-Novo JV, Aroca R, Rey MD, Truniger V, Martínez-Gómez P. State-of-the-Art Molecular Plant Biology Research in Spain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16557. [PMID: 38068878 PMCID: PMC10706402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular plant biology is the study of the molecular basis of plant life [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús V. Jorrin-Novo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba (UCO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional A3 (CeiA3), E-14014 Cordoba, Spain; (J.V.J.-N.); (M.-D.R.)
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, EEZ-CSIC (Estación Experimental del Zaidin-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-18100 Granada, Spain;
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba (UCO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional A3 (CeiA3), E-14014 Cordoba, Spain; (J.V.J.-N.); (M.-D.R.)
| | - Verónica Truniger
- Department of Stress Biology and Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC (Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universitario Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Pedro Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC (Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universitario Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Rey MD, Labella-Ortega M, Guerrero-Sánchez VM, Carleial R, Castillejo MÁ, Ruggieri V, Jorrín-Novo JV. A first draft genome of holm oak ( Quercus ilex subsp. ballota), the most representative species of the Mediterranean forest and the Spanish agrosylvopastoral ecosystem " dehesa". Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1242943. [PMID: 37905231 PMCID: PMC10613499 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1242943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) is the most representative species of the Mediterranean Basin and the agrosylvopastoral Spanish "dehesa" ecosystem. Being part of our life, culture, and subsistence since ancient times, it has significant environmental and economic importance. More recently, there has been a renewed interest in using the Q. ilex acorn as a functional food due to its nutritional and nutraceutical properties. However, the holm oak and its related ecosystems are threatened by different factors, with oak decline syndrome and climate change being the most worrying in the short and medium term. Breeding programs informed by the selection of elite genotypes seem to be the most plausible biotechnological solution to rescue populations under threat. To achieve this and other downstream analyses, we need a high-quality and well-annotated Q. ilex reference genome. Here, we introduce the first draft genome assembly of Q. ilex using long-read sequencing (PacBio). The assembled nuclear haploid genome had 530 contigs totaling 842.2 Mbp (N50 = 3.3 Mbp), of which 448.7 Mb (53%) were repetitive sequences. We annotated 39,443 protein-coding genes of which 94.80% were complete and single-copy genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication, and high synteny of the 12 chromosomes between Q. ilex and Quercus lobata and between Q. ilex and Quercus robur. The chloroplast genome size was 142.3 Kbp with 149 protein-coding genes successfully annotated. This first draft should allow for the validation of omics data as well as the identification and functional annotation of genes related to phenotypes of interest such as those associated with resilience against oak decline syndrome and climate change and higher acorn productivity and nutraceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Rey
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mónica Labella-Ortega
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Guerrero-Sánchez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - María Ángeles Castillejo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Valentino Ruggieri
- Biomeets Consulting ITNIG—Carrer d’ Alaba 61 08005 Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
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Draeger TN, Rey MD, Hayta S, Smedley M, Martin AC, Moore G. DMC1 stabilizes crossovers at high and low temperatures during wheat meiosis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1208285. [PMID: 37615022 PMCID: PMC10442654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1208285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective chromosome synapsis and crossover formation during meiosis are essential for fertility, especially in grain crops such as wheat. These processes function most efficiently in wheat at temperatures between 17-23 °C, although the genetic mechanisms for such temperature dependence are unknown. In a previously identified mutant of the hexaploid wheat reference variety 'Chinese Spring' lacking the long arm of chromosome 5D, exposure to low temperatures during meiosis resulted in asynapsis and crossover failure. In a second mutant (ttmei1), containing a 4 Mb deletion in chromosome 5DL, exposure to 13 °C led to similarly high levels of asynapsis and univalence. Moreover, exposure to 30 °C led to a significant, but less extreme effect on crossovers. Previously, we proposed that, of 41 genes deleted in this 4 Mb region, the major meiotic gene TaDMC1-D1 was the most likely candidate for preservation of synapsis and crossovers at low (and possibly high) temperatures. In the current study, using RNA-guided Cas9, we developed a new Chinese Spring CRISPR mutant, containing a 39 bp deletion in the 5D copy of DMC1, representing the first reported CRISPR-Cas9 targeted mutagenesis in Chinese Spring, and the first CRISPR mutant for DMC1 in wheat. In controlled environment experiments, wild-type Chinese Spring, CRISPR dmc1-D1 and backcrossed ttmei1 mutants were exposed to either high or low temperatures during the temperature-sensitive period from premeiotic interphase to early meiosis I. After 6-7 days at 13 °C, crossovers decreased by over 95% in the dmc1-D1 mutants, when compared with wild-type plants grown under the same conditions. After 24 hours at 30 °C, dmc1-D1 mutants exhibited a reduced number of crossovers and increased univalence, although these differences were less marked than at 13 °C. Similar results were obtained for ttmei1 mutants, although their scores were more variable, possibly reflecting higher levels of background mutation. These experiments confirm our previous hypothesis that DMC1-D1 is responsible for preservation of normal crossover formation at low and, to a certain extent, high temperatures. Given that reductions in crossovers have significant effects on grain yield, these results have important implications for wheat breeding, particularly in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sadiye Hayta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Smedley
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Azahara C. Martin
- Department of Plant Genetic Improvement, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Draeger TN, Rey MD, Hayta S, Smedley M, Alabdullah AK, Moore G, Martín AC. ZIP4 is required for normal progression of synapsis and for over 95% of crossovers in wheat meiosis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1189998. [PMID: 37324713 PMCID: PMC10266424 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tetraploid (AABB) and hexaploid (AABBDD) wheat have multiple sets of similar chromosomes, with successful meiosis and preservation of fertility relying on synapsis and crossover (CO) formation only taking place between homologous chromosomes. In hexaploid wheat, the major meiotic gene TaZIP4-B2 (Ph1) on chromosome 5B, promotes CO formation between homologous chromosomes, whilst suppressing COs between homeologous (related) chromosomes. In other species, ZIP4 mutations eliminate approximately 85% of COs, consistent with loss of the class I CO pathway. Tetraploid wheat has three ZIP4 copies: TtZIP4-A1 on chromosome 3A, TtZIP4-B1 on 3B and TtZIP4-B2 on 5B. Here, we have developed single, double and triple zip4 TILLING mutants and a CRISPR Ttzip4-B2 mutant, to determine the effect of ZIP4 genes on synapsis and CO formation in the tetraploid wheat cultivar 'Kronos'. We show that disruption of two ZIP4 gene copies in Ttzip4-A1B1 double mutants, results in a 76-78% reduction in COs when compared to wild-type plants. Moreover, when all three copies are disrupted in Ttzip4-A1B1B2 triple mutants, COs are reduced by over 95%, suggesting that the TtZIP4-B2 copy may also affect class II COs. If this is the case, the class I and class II CO pathways may be interlinked in wheat. When ZIP4 duplicated and diverged from chromosome 3B on wheat polyploidization, the new 5B copy, TaZIP4-B2, could have acquired an additional function to stabilize both CO pathways. In tetraploid plants deficient in all three ZIP4 copies, synapsis is delayed and does not complete, consistent with our previous studies in hexaploid wheat, when a similar delay in synapsis was observed in a 59.3 Mb deletion mutant, ph1b, encompassing the TaZIP4-B2 gene on chromosome 5B. These findings confirm the requirement of ZIP4-B2 for efficient synapsis, and suggest that TtZIP4 genes have a stronger effect on synapsis than previously described in Arabidopsis and rice. Thus, ZIP4-B2 in wheat accounts for the two major phenotypes reported for Ph1, promotion of homologous synapsis and suppression of homeologous COs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sadiye Hayta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Smedley
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Azahara C. Martín
- Department of Plant Genetic Improvement, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
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Guerrero-Sánchez VM, López-Hidalgo C, Rey MD, Castillejo MÁ, Jorrín-Novo JV, Escandón M. Multiomic Data Integration in the Analysis of Drought-Responsive Mechanisms in Quercus ilex Seedlings. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3067. [PMID: 36432796 PMCID: PMC9696786 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The integrated analysis of different omic layers can provide new knowledge not provided by their individual analysis. This approach is also necessary to validate data and reveal post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms of gene expression regulation. In this work, we validated the possibility of applying this approach to non-model species such as Quercus ilex. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics from Q. ilex seedlings subjected to drought-like conditions under the typical summer conditions in southern Spain were integrated using a non-targeted approach. Two integrative approaches, PCA and DIABLO, were used and compared. Both approaches seek to reduce dimensionality, preserving the maximum information. DIABLO also allows one to infer interconnections between the different omic layers. For easy visualization and analysis, these interconnections were analyzed using functional and statistical networks. We were able to validate results obtained by analyzing the omic layers separately. We identified the importance of protein homeostasis with numerous protease and chaperones in the networks. We also discovered new key processes, such as transcriptional control, and identified the key function of transcription factors, such as DREB2A, WRKY65, and CONSTANS, in the early response to drought.
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San-Eufrasio B, Castillejo MÁ, Labella-Ortega M, Ruiz-Gómez FJ, Navarro-Cerrillo RM, Tienda-Parrilla M, Jorrín-Novo JV, Rey MD. Effect and Response of Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp. Seedlings From Three Contrasting Andalusian Populations to Individual and Combined Phytophthora cinnamomi and Drought Stresses. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:722802. [PMID: 34490021 PMCID: PMC8417417 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quercus ilex L. is the dominant species in the Mediterranean forest and agrosilvopastoral ecosystem "dehesa." Currently, this forest species is threatened by natural and anthropogenic agents, especially by the decline syndrome, which is caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi and drought periods. Although the morphological and physiological responses of Q. ilex to combined stress (P. cinnamomi and drought) have been examined already, little is known at the molecular level. In this study, we studied the effect and response of 8-month seedlings from three contrasting Andalusian populations (Seville [Se], Granada [Gr], and Almeria [Al]) to the individual and combined stresses of P. cinnamomi and drought from morphological, physiological, biochemical, and proteomics data. Whereas, seedling damage (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) and mortality were greater under the combined stresses in the three populations, the effect of each individual stress was population-dependent. Resilient individuals were found in all the populations at different percentages. The decrease in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic activity, and stomatal conductance observed in undamaged seedlings was greater in the presence of both stresses, the three populations responding similarly to drought and P. cinnamomi. Biochemical and proteomic analyses of undamaged seedlings from the two most markedly contrasting populations (Se and Al) revealed the absence of significant differences in the contents in photosynthetic pigments, amino acids, and phenolics among treatments. The Se and Al populations exhibited changes in protein profile in response to the different treatments, with 83 variable proteins in the former population and 223 in the latter. Variable proteins belonged to 16 different functional groups, the best represented among which were protein folding, sorting and degradation, carbohydrate, amino acid, and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, and ROS scavenging. While photosynthetic proteins were mainly downaccumulated, those of stress-responsive were upaccumulated. Although no treatment-specific response was observed in any functional group, differences in abundance were especially marked under the combined stresses. The following variable proteins are proposed as putative markers for resilience in Q. ilex, namely, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, 50S ribosomal protein L5, and α-1,4-glucan-protein synthase [UDP-forming].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonoso San-Eufrasio
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Castillejo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mónica Labella-Ortega
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz-Gómez
- Evaluation and Restoration of Agronomic and Forest Systems ERSAF, Department of Forest Engineering, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo
- Evaluation and Restoration of Agronomic and Forest Systems ERSAF, Department of Forest Engineering, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Tienda-Parrilla
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Guerrero-Sánchez VM, Castillejo MÁ, López-Hidalgo C, Alconada AMM, Jorrín-Novo JV, Rey MD. Changes in the transcript and protein profiles of Quercus ilex seedlings in response to drought stress. J Proteomics 2021; 243:104263. [PMID: 34000457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quercus ilex is the dominant tree species in natural forest ecosystems across the Mediterranean Basin and in the agrosilvopastoral system dehesa, which has a high ecological and economical significance. As in other forestry species, survival in Q. ilex is threatened by long periods of drought. This paper reports the transcriptome and proteome profiles of 6-month-old seedlings subjected to severe drought conditions. Drought was imposed by water withholding in seedlings grown in perlite for 28 days. Seedling leaves were collected when leaf fluorescence had decreased by 20% and 45% relative to well-watered seedlings. The transcriptome and proteome were analyzed by using Illumina and shotgun platforms. The quality and confidence of the mRNA and protein identifications and quantifications were assessed, obtaining 25,169 transcripts and 3312 proteins. Variable transcripts and proteins were analyzed by Venn diagram, Pearson's correlation, GO enrichment, KEGG pathways, multivariate analysis and interaction networks. Despite the poor correlation between mRNA and protein, both platforms gave a complementary view of the changes in the abundance of several gene products under drought conditions and indicated that gene expression regulation and translation to phenotype is quite complex and gene-specific. As a general tendency, while transcripts and proteins of the metabolism were down-accumulated, those of stress related were up-accumulated. Out of the variable dataset, four gene products (viz., FtSH6, CLPB1, CLPB3, and HSP22) were up-accumulated at both omics levels at the two surveyed times, being the first work where they are described in drought response in forest species. These chaperones and proteases could be considered as potential drought tolerance markers to be used in the selection of elite, resilient genotypes, and in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Manuel Guerrero-Sánchez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Castillejo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Hidalgo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana María Maldonado Alconada
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Valentín Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
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Draeger T, C Martin A, Alabdullah AK, Pendle A, Rey MD, Shaw P, Moore G. Dmc1 is a candidate for temperature tolerance during wheat meiosis. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:809-828. [PMID: 31853574 PMCID: PMC7021665 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The meiotic recombination gene Dmc1 on wheat chromosome 5D has been identified as a candidate for the maintenance of normal chromosome synapsis and crossover at low and possibly high temperatures. We initially assessed the effects of low temperature on meiotic chromosome synapsis and crossover formation in the hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety 'Chinese Spring'. At low temperatures, asynapsis and chromosome univalence have been observed before in Chinese Spring lines lacking the long arm of chromosome 5D (5DL), which led to the proposal that 5DL carries a gene (Ltp1) that stabilises wheat chromosome pairing at low temperatures. In the current study, Chinese Spring wild type and 5DL interstitial deletion mutant plants were exposed to low temperature in a controlled environment room during a period from premeiotic interphase to early meiosis I. A 5DL deletion mutant was identified whose meiotic chromosomes exhibit extremely high levels of asynapsis and chromosome univalence at metaphase I after 7 days at 13 °C, suggesting that Ltp1 is deleted in this mutant. Immunolocalisation of the meiotic proteins ASY1 and ZYP1 on ltp1 mutants showed that low temperature results in a failure to complete synapsis at pachytene. KASP genotyping revealed that the ltp1 mutant has a 4-Mb deletion in 5DL. Of 41 genes within this deletion region, the strongest candidate for the stabilisation of chromosome pairing at low temperatures is the meiotic recombination gene Dmc1. The ltp1 mutants were subsequently treated at 30 °C for 24 h during meiosis and exhibited a reduced number of crossovers and increased univalence, though to a lesser extent than at 13 °C. We therefore renamed our ltp1 mutant 'ttmei1' (temperature-tolerant meiosis 1) to reflect this additional loss of high temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie Draeger
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | | | | | - Ali Pendle
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Peter Shaw
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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11
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Rey MD, Castillejo MÁ, Sánchez-Lucas R, Guerrero-Sanchez VM, López-Hidalgo C, Romero-Rodríguez C, Valero-Galván J, Sghaier-Hammami B, Simova-Stoilova L, Echevarría-Zomeño S, Jorge I, Gómez-Gálvez I, Papa ME, Carvalho K, Rodríguez de Francisco LE, Maldonado-Alconada AM, Valledor L, Jorrín-Novo JV. Proteomics, Holm Oak ( Quercus ilex L.) and Other Recalcitrant and Orphan Forest Tree Species: How do They See Each Other? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030692. [PMID: 30736277 PMCID: PMC6386906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics has had a big impact on plant biology, considered as a valuable tool for several forest species, such as Quercus, Pines, Poplars, and Eucalyptus. This review assesses the potential and limitations of the proteomics approaches and is focused on Quercus ilex as a model species and other forest tree species. Proteomics has been used with Q. ilex since 2003 with the main aim of examining natural variability, developmental processes, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as in other species of the genus Quercus or Pinus. As with the progress in techniques in proteomics in other plant species, the research in Q. ilex moved from 2-DE based strategy to the latest gel-free shotgun workflows. Experimental design, protein extraction, mass spectrometric analysis, confidence levels of qualitative and quantitative proteomics data, and their interpretation are a true challenge with relation to forest tree species due to their extreme orphan and recalcitrant (non-orthodox) nature. Implementing a systems biology approach, it is time to validate proteomics data using complementary techniques and integrate it with the -omics and classical approaches. The full potential of the protein field in plant research is quite far from being entirely exploited. However, despite the methodological limitations present in proteomics, there is no doubt that this discipline has contributed to deeper knowledge of plant biology and, currently, is increasingly employed for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Rey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Castillejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rosa Sánchez-Lucas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Victor M Guerrero-Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Cristina López-Hidalgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Cristina Romero-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fitoquímica, Dirección de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción 1001-1925, Paraguay.
| | - José Valero-Galván
- Department of Chemical and Biological Science, Biomedicine Science Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juarez 32310, Mexico.
| | - Besma Sghaier-Hammami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Lyudmila Simova-Stoilova
- Plant Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Sira Echevarría-Zomeño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation (BVI), Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Gómez-Gálvez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - María Eugenia Papa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Kamilla Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | - Ana María Maldonado-Alconada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Luis Valledor
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Santiago Gascón Building, 2nd Floor (Office 2.9), 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Jesús V Jorrín-Novo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
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Rey MD, Moore G, Martín AC. Identification and comparison of individual chromosomes of three accessions of Hordeum chilense, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum by FISH. Genome 2018; 61:387-396. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Karyotypes of three accessions of Hordeum chilense (H1, H16, and H7), Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum were characterized by physical mapping of several repetitive sequences. A total of 14 repetitive sequences were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the aim of identifying inter- and intraspecies polymorphisms. The (AG)12 and 4P6 probes only produced hybridization signals in wheat, the BAC7 probe only hybridized to the centromeric region of H. vulgare, and the pSc119.2 probe hybridized to both wheat and H. chilense, but not to H. vulgare. The remaining repetitive sequences used in this study produced a hybridization signal in all the genotypes. Probes pAs1, pTa-535, pTa71, CCS1, and CRW were much conserved, showing no significant polymorphism among the genotypes studied. Probes GAA, (AAC)5, (CTA)5, HvT01, and pTa794 produced the most different hybridization pattern. We identified large polymorphisms in the three accessions of H. chilense studied, supporting the proposal of the existence of different groups inside species of H. chilense. The set of probes described in this work allowed the identification of every single chromosome in all three species, providing a complete cytogenetic karyotype of H. chilense, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum chromosomes, which could be useful in wheat and tritordeum breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Rey
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics Department, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics Department, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics Department, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics Department, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Azahara C. Martín
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics Department, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Crop Genetics Department, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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13
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Rey MD, Martín AC, Smedley M, Hayta S, Harwood W, Shaw P, Moore G. Magnesium Increases Homoeologous Crossover Frequency During Meiosis in ZIP4 ( Ph1 Gene) Mutant Wheat-Wild Relative Hybrids. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:509. [PMID: 29731763 PMCID: PMC5920029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wild relatives provide an important source of useful traits in wheat breeding. Wheat and wild relative hybrids have been widely used in breeding programs to introduce such traits into wheat. However, successful introgression is limited by the low frequency of homoeologous crossover (CO) between wheat and wild relative chromosomes. Hybrids between wheat carrying a 70 Mb deletion on chromosome 5B (ph1b) and wild relatives, have been exploited to increase the level of homoeologous CO, allowing chromosome exchange between their chromosomes. In ph1b-rye hybrids, CO number increases from a mean of 1 CO to 7 COs per cell. CO number can be further increased up to a mean of 12 COs per cell in these ph1b hybrids by treating the plants with Hoagland solution. More recently, it was shown that the major meiotic crossover gene ZIP4 on chromosome 5B (TaZIP4-B2) within the 70 Mb deletion, was responsible for the restriction of homoeologous COs in wheat-wild relative hybrids, confirming the ph1b phenotype as a complete Tazip4-B2 deletion mutant (Tazip4-B2 ph1b). In this study, we have identified the particular Hoagland solution constituent responsible for the increased chiasma frequency in Tazip4-B2 ph1b mutant-rye hybrids and extended the analysis to Tazip4-B2 TILLING and CRISPR mutant-Ae variabilis hybrids. Chiasma frequency at meiotic metaphase I, in the absence of each Hoagland solution macronutrient (NH4 H2PO4, KNO3, Ca (NO3)2·4H2O or Mg SO4·7H2O) was analyzed. A significant decrease in homoeologous CO frequency was observed when the Mg2+ ion was absent. A significant increase of homoeologous CO frequency was observed in all analyzed hybrids, when plants were irrigated with a 1 mM Mg2+ solution. These observations suggest a role for magnesium supplementation in improving the success of genetic material introgression from wild relatives into wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Rey
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Azahara C. Martín
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Smedley
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sadiye Hayta
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Harwood
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Shaw
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Moore
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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14
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Rey MD, Martín AC, Smedley M, Hayta S, Harwood W, Shaw P, Moore G. Magnesium Increases Homoeologous Crossover Frequency During Meiosis in ZIP4 ( Ph1 Gene) Mutant Wheat-Wild Relative Hybrids. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:509. [PMID: 29731763 DOI: 10.1101/278341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wild relatives provide an important source of useful traits in wheat breeding. Wheat and wild relative hybrids have been widely used in breeding programs to introduce such traits into wheat. However, successful introgression is limited by the low frequency of homoeologous crossover (CO) between wheat and wild relative chromosomes. Hybrids between wheat carrying a 70 Mb deletion on chromosome 5B (ph1b) and wild relatives, have been exploited to increase the level of homoeologous CO, allowing chromosome exchange between their chromosomes. In ph1b-rye hybrids, CO number increases from a mean of 1 CO to 7 COs per cell. CO number can be further increased up to a mean of 12 COs per cell in these ph1b hybrids by treating the plants with Hoagland solution. More recently, it was shown that the major meiotic crossover gene ZIP4 on chromosome 5B (TaZIP4-B2) within the 70 Mb deletion, was responsible for the restriction of homoeologous COs in wheat-wild relative hybrids, confirming the ph1b phenotype as a complete Tazip4-B2 deletion mutant (Tazip4-B2 ph1b). In this study, we have identified the particular Hoagland solution constituent responsible for the increased chiasma frequency in Tazip4-B2 ph1b mutant-rye hybrids and extended the analysis to Tazip4-B2 TILLING and CRISPR mutant-Ae variabilis hybrids. Chiasma frequency at meiotic metaphase I, in the absence of each Hoagland solution macronutrient (NH4 H2PO4, KNO3, Ca (NO3)2·4H2O or Mg SO4·7H2O) was analyzed. A significant decrease in homoeologous CO frequency was observed when the Mg2+ ion was absent. A significant increase of homoeologous CO frequency was observed in all analyzed hybrids, when plants were irrigated with a 1 mM Mg2+ solution. These observations suggest a role for magnesium supplementation in improving the success of genetic material introgression from wild relatives into wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Rey
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Azahara C Martín
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Smedley
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sadiye Hayta
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Harwood
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Shaw
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Moore
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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15
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Watson A, Ghosh S, Williams MJ, Cuddy WS, Simmonds J, Rey MD, Asyraf Md Hatta M, Hinchliffe A, Steed A, Reynolds D, Adamski NM, Breakspear A, Korolev A, Rayner T, Dixon LE, Riaz A, Martin W, Ryan M, Edwards D, Batley J, Raman H, Carter J, Rogers C, Domoney C, Moore G, Harwood W, Nicholson P, Dieters MJ, DeLacy IH, Zhou J, Uauy C, Boden SA, Park RF, Wulff BBH, Hickey LT. Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding. Nat Plants 2018; 4:23-29. [PMID: 29292376 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called 'speed breeding', which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2-3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Watson
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew J Williams
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William S Cuddy
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - M Asyraf Md Hatta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Andrew Steed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracey Rayner
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Laura E Dixon
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Adnan Riaz
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - William Martin
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - Merrill Ryan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Harsh Raman
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy Carter
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Mark J Dieters
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H DeLacy
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ji Zhou
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Scott A Boden
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert F Park
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Lee T Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Watson A, Ghosh S, Williams MJ, Cuddy WS, Simmonds J, Rey MD, Asyraf Md Hatta M, Hinchliffe A, Steed A, Reynolds D, Adamski NM, Breakspear A, Korolev A, Rayner T, Dixon LE, Riaz A, Martin W, Ryan M, Edwards D, Batley J, Raman H, Carter J, Rogers C, Domoney C, Moore G, Harwood W, Nicholson P, Dieters MJ, DeLacy IH, Zhou J, Uauy C, Boden SA, Park RF, Wulff BBH, Hickey LT. Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding. Nat Plants 2018; 4:23-29. [PMID: 29292376 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0083-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called 'speed breeding', which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2-3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Watson
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew J Williams
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William S Cuddy
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - M Asyraf Md Hatta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Andrew Steed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracey Rayner
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Laura E Dixon
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Adnan Riaz
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - William Martin
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - Merrill Ryan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Harsh Raman
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy Carter
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Mark J Dieters
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H DeLacy
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ji Zhou
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Scott A Boden
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert F Park
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Lee T Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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17
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Calderón MC, Rey MD, Martín A, Prieto P. Homoeologous Chromosomes From Two Hordeum Species Can Recognize and Associate During Meiosis in Wheat in the Presence of the Ph1 Locus. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:585. [PMID: 29765389 PMCID: PMC5938817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the system of a basic eukaryotic cellular mechanism like meiosis is of fundamental importance in plant biology. Moreover, it is also of great strategic interest in plant breeding since unzipping the mechanism of chromosome specificity/pairing during meiosis will allow its manipulation to introduce genetic variability from related species into a crop. The success of meiosis in a polyploid like wheat strongly depends on regular pairing of homologous (identical) chromosomes and recombination, processes mainly controlled by the Ph1 locus. This means that pairing and recombination of related chromosomes rarely occur in the presence of this locus, making difficult wheat breeding trough the incorporation of genetic variability from related species. In this work, we show that wild and cultivated barley chromosomes associate in the wheat background even in the presence of the Ph1 locus. We have developed double monosomic wheat lines carrying two chromosomes from two barley species for the same and different homoeology chromosome group, respectively. Genetic in situ hybridization revealed that homoeologous Hordeum chromosomes recognize each other and pair during early meiosis in wheat. However, crossing over does not occur at any time and they remained always as univalents during meiosis metaphase I. Our results suggest that the Ph1 locus does not prevent chromosome recognition and pairing but crossing over between homoeologous. The role of subtelomeres in chromosome recognition is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Calderón
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Martín
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pilar Prieto
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Martín AC, Rey MD, Shaw P, Moore G. Dual effect of the wheat Ph1 locus on chromosome synapsis and crossover. Chromosoma 2017; 126:669-680. [PMID: 28365783 PMCID: PMC5688220 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Allopolyploids must possess a mechanism for facilitating synapsis and crossover (CO) between homologues, in preference to homoeologues (related chromosomes), to ensure successful meiosis. In hexaploid wheat, the Ph1 locus has a major effect on the control of these processes. Studying a wheat mutant lacking Ph1 provides an opportunity to explore the underlying mechanisms. Recently, it was proposed that Ph1 stabilises wheat during meiosis, both by promoting homologue synapsis during early meiosis and preventing MLH1 sites on synapsed homoeologues from becoming COs later in meiosis. Here, we explore these two effects and demonstrate firstly that whether or not Ph1 is present, synapsis between homoeologues does not take place during the telomere bouquet stage, with only homologous synapsis taking place during this stage. Furthermore, in wheat lacking Ph1, overall synapsis is delayed with respect to the telomere bouquet, with more synapsis occurring after the bouquet stage, when homoeologous synapsis is also possible. Secondly, we show that in the absence of Ph1, we can increase the number of MLH1 sites progressing to COs by altering environmental growing conditions; we show that higher nutrient levels in the soil or lower temperatures increase the level of both homologue and homoeologue COs. These observations suggest opportunities to improve the exploitation of the Ph1 wheat mutant in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Shaw
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Rey MD, Martín AC, Higgins J, Swarbreck D, Uauy C, Shaw P, Moore G. Exploiting the ZIP4 homologue within the wheat Ph1 locus has identified two lines exhibiting homoeologous crossover in wheat-wild relative hybrids. Mol Breed 2017; 37:95. [PMID: 28781573 PMCID: PMC5515957 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-017-0700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite possessing related ancestral genomes, hexaploid wheat behaves as a diploid during meiosis. The wheat Ph1 locus promotes accurate synapsis and crossover of homologous chromosomes. Interspecific hybrids between wheat and wild relatives are exploited by breeders to introgress important traits from wild relatives into wheat, although in hybrids between hexaploid wheat and wild relatives, which possess only homoeologues, crossovers do not take place during meiosis at metaphase I. However, in hybrids between Ph1 deletion mutants and wild relatives, crossovers do take place. A single Ph1 deletion (ph1b) mutant has been exploited for the last 40 years for this activity. We show here that chemically induced mutant lines, selected for a mutation in TaZIP4-B2 within the Ph1 locus, exhibit high levels of homoeologous crossovers when crossed with wild relatives. Tazip4-B2 mutant lines may be more stable over multiple generations, as multivalents causing accumulation of chromosome translocations are less frequent. Exploitation of such Tazip4-B2 mutants, rather than mutants with whole Ph1 locus deletions, may therefore improve introgression of wild relative chromosome segments into wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet Higgins
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - David Swarbreck
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Peter Shaw
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
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Rey MD, Calderón MC, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarías L, Alós E, Prieto P. Novel Bread Wheat Lines Enriched in Carotenoids Carrying Hordeum chilense Chromosome Arms in the ph1b Background. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134598. [PMID: 26241856 PMCID: PMC4524710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of crop wild relative species to improve major crops performance is well established. Hordeum chilense has a high potential as a genetic donor to increase the carotenoid content of wheat. Crosses between the 7HchH. chilense substitution lines in wheat and the wheat pairing homoeologous1b (ph1b) mutant allowed the development of wheat-H. chilense translocation lines for both 7Hchα and 7Hchβ chromosome arms in the wheat background. These translocation lines were characterized by in situ hybridization and using molecular markers. In addition, reverse phase chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to evaluate the carotenoid content and both 7Hchα∙7AL and 7AS∙7Hchβ disomic translocation lines. The carotenoid content in 7Hchα∙7AL and 7AS∙7Hchβ disomic translocation lines was higher than the wheat-7Hch addition line and double amount of carotenoids than the wheat itself. A proteomic analysis confirmed that the presence of chromosome 7Hch introgressions in wheat scarcely altered the proteomic profile of the wheat flour. The Psy1 (Phytoene Synthase1) gene, which is the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, was also cytogenetically mapped on the 7Hchα chromosome arm. These new wheat-H. chilense translocation lines can be used as a powerful tool in wheat breeding programs to enrich the diet in bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Rey
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Calderón
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Alós
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Knight E, Binnie A, Draeger T, Moscou M, Rey MD, Sucher J, Mehra S, King I, Moore G. Mapping the 'breaker' element of the gametocidal locus proximal to a block of sub-telomeric heterochromatin on the long arm of chromosome 4S(sh) of Aegilops sharonensis. Theor Appl Genet 2015; 128:1049-59. [PMID: 25748115 PMCID: PMC4435904 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The 'breaker' element ( GcB ) of the gametocidal locus derived from Aegilops sharonensis has been mapped to a region proximal to a block of sub-telomeric heterochromatin on chromosome 4S (sh) L. The production of alien chromosome addition lines allows the transfer of useful genetic variation into elite wheat varieties from related wild species. However, some wild relatives of wheat, particularly those within the Sitopsis section of the genus Aegilops, possess chromosomes that are transmitted preferentially to the offspring when addition lines are generated. Species within the Sitopsis group possess the S genome, and among these species, Aegilops sharonensis (2n = 14, S(sh)S(sh)) carries the S(sh) genome which is closely related to the D genome of hexaploid wheat. Some S genome chromosomes carry gametocidal loci, which induce severe chromosome breakage in gametes lacking the gametocidal chromosome, and hence, result in gamete abortion. The preferential transmission of gametocidal loci could be exploited in wheat breeding, because linking gametocidal loci with important agronomic traits in elite wheat varieties would ensure retention of these traits through successive generations. In this study, we have mapped the breaker element of the gametocidal locus derived from Ae. sharonensis to the region immediately proximal to a block of sub-telomeric heterochromatin on the long arm of chromosome 4S(sh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Knight
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Ashleigh Binnie
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Tracie Draeger
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | | | - María-Dolores Rey
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justine Sucher
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Surbhi Mehra
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ian King
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
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Rey MD, Calderón MC, Prieto P. The use of the ph1b mutant to induce recombination between the chromosomes of wheat and barley. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:160. [PMID: 25852713 PMCID: PMC4365720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intensive breeding has led to a narrowing in the genetic base of our major crops. In wheat, access to the extensive gene pool residing in its many and varied relatives (some cultivated, others wild) is hampered by the block on recombination imposed by the Ph1 (Pairing homoeologous 1) gene. Here, the ph1b mutant has been exploited to induced allosyndesis between wheat chromosomes and those of both Hordeum vulgare (cultivated barley) and H. chilense (a wild barley). A number of single chromosome Hordeum sp. substitution and addition lines in wheat were crossed and backcrossed to the ph1b mutant to produce plants in which pairing between the wheat and the non-wheat chromosomes was not suppressed by the presence of Ph1. Genomic in situ hybridization was applied to almost 500 BC1F2 progeny as a screen for allosyndetic recombinants. Chromosome rearrangements were detected affecting H. chilense chromosomes 4H (ch) , 5H (ch) , 6H (ch) , and 7H (ch) and H. vulgare chromosomes 4H (v) , 6H (v) , and 7H (v) . Two of these were clearly the product of a recombination event involving chromosome 4H (ch) and a wheat chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pilar Prieto
- *Correspondence: Pilar Prieto, Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenue Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus Alameda del Obispo, Apartado 4084, Córdoba 14080, Spain
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Calderón MDC, Rey MD, Cabrera A, Prieto P. The subtelomeric region is important for chromosome recognition and pairing during meiosis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6488. [PMID: 25270583 PMCID: PMC4180820 DOI: 10.1038/srep06488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid daughter cells, each of which inherit a half of the diploid parental cells' genetic material. The ordered association of homologues (identical chromosomes) is a critical prerequisite for a successful outcome of meiosis. Homologue recognition and pairing are initiated at the chromosome ends, which comprise the telomere dominated by generic repetitive sequences, and the adjacent subtelomeric region, which harbours chromosome-specific sequences. In many organisms telomeres are responsible for bringing the ends of the chromosomes close together during early meiosis, but little is known regarding the role of the subtelomeric region sequence during meiosis. Here, the observation of homologue pairing between a pair of Hordeum chilense chromosomes lacking the subtelomeric region on one chromosome arm indicates that the subtelomeric region is important for the process of homologous chromosome recognition and pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Calderón
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Adoración Cabrera
- Department of Genetics, ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
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Rey MD, Font R, Aracil I. PCDD/F emissions from light-duty diesel vehicles operated under highway conditions and a diesel-engine based power generator. J Hazard Mater 2014; 278:116-123. [PMID: 24953943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PCDD/F emissions from three light-duty diesel vehicles--two vans and a passenger car--have been measured in on-road conditions. We propose a new methodology for small vehicles: a sample of exhaust gas is collected by means of equipment based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) method 23 A for stationary stack emissions. The concentrations of O2, CO, CO2, NO, NO2 and SO2 have also been measured. Six tests were carried out at 90-100 km/h on a route 100 km long. Two additional tests were done during the first 10 min and the following 60 min of the run to assess the effect of the engine temperature on PCDD/F emissions. The emission factors obtained for the vans varied from 1800 to 8400 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3) for a 2004 model year van and 490-580 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3) for a 2006 model year van. Regarding the passenger car, one run was done in the presence of a catalyst and another without, obtaining emission factors (330-880 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3)) comparable to those of the modern van. Two other tests were carried out on a power generator leading to emission factors ranging from 31 to 78 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3). All the results are discussed and compared with literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Rey
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - R Font
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - I Aracil
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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