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Foerster H, Battey JND, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Mueller LA. Metabolic networks of the Nicotiana genus in the spotlight: content, progress and outlook. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbaa136. [PMID: 32662816 PMCID: PMC8138835 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Manually curated metabolic databases residing at the Sol Genomics Network comprise two taxon-specific databases for the Solanaceae family, i.e. SolanaCyc and the genus Nicotiana, i.e. NicotianaCyc as well as six species-specific databases for Nicotiana tabacum TN90, N. tabacum K326, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. sylvestris, N. tomentosiformis and N. attenuata. New pathways were created through the extraction, examination and verification of related data from the literature and the aid of external database guided by an expert-led curation process. Here we describe the curation progress that has been achieved in these databases since the first release version 1.0 in 2016, the curation flow and the curation process using the example metabolic pathway for cholesterol in plants. The current content of our databases comprises 266 pathways and 36 superpathways in SolanaCyc and 143 pathways plus 21 superpathways in NicotianaCyc, manually curated and validated specifically for the Solanaceae family and Nicotiana genus, respectively. The curated data have been propagated to the respective Nicotiana-specific databases, which resulted in the enrichment and more accurate presentation of their metabolic networks. The quality and coverage in those databases have been compared with related external databases and discussed in terms of literature support and metabolic content.
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Foerster H, Bombarely A, Battey JND, Sierro N, Ivanov NV, Mueller LA. SolCyc: a database hub at the Sol Genomics Network (SGN) for the manual curation of metabolic networks in Solanum and Nicotiana specific databases. Database (Oxford) 2018; 2018:4995113. [PMID: 29762652 PMCID: PMC5946812 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Database URL https://solgenomics.net/tools/solcyc/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Foerster
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853-1801, USA
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - James N D Battey
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 6, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 6, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 6, Neuchâtel CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853-1801, USA
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Caspi R, Billington R, Ferrer L, Foerster H, Fulcher CA, Keseler IM, Kothari A, Krummenacker M, Latendresse M, Mueller LA, Ong Q, Paley S, Subhraveti P, Weaver DS, Karp PD. The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes and the BioCyc collection of pathway/genome databases. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D471-80. [PMID: 26527732 PMCID: PMC4702838 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The MetaCyc database (MetaCyc.org) is a freely accessible comprehensive database describing metabolic pathways and enzymes from all domains of life. The majority of MetaCyc pathways are small-molecule metabolic pathways that have been experimentally determined. MetaCyc contains more than 2400 pathways derived from >46 000 publications, and is the largest curated collection of metabolic pathways. BioCyc (BioCyc.org) is a collection of 5700 organism-specific Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs), each containing the full genome and predicted metabolic network of one organism, including metabolites, enzymes, reactions, metabolic pathways, predicted operons, transport systems, and pathway-hole fillers. The BioCyc website offers a variety of tools for querying and analyzing PGDBs, including Omics Viewers and tools for comparative analysis. This article provides an update of new developments in MetaCyc and BioCyc during the last two years, including addition of Gibbs free energy values for compounds and reactions; redesign of the primary gene/protein page; addition of a tool for creating diagrams containing multiple linked pathways; several new search capabilities, including searching for genes based on sequence patterns, searching for databases based on an organism's phenotypes, and a cross-organism search; and a metabolite identifier translation service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Caspi
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Hartmut Foerster
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carol A Fulcher
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Anamika Kothari
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Quang Ong
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Suzanne Paley
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Weaver
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Peter D Karp
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Fernandez-Pozo N, Menda N, Edwards JD, Saha S, Tecle IY, Strickler SR, Bombarely A, Fisher-York T, Pujar A, Foerster H, Yan A, Mueller LA. The Sol Genomics Network (SGN)--from genotype to phenotype to breeding. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:D1036-41. [PMID: 25428362 PMCID: PMC4383978 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sol Genomics Network (SGN, http://solgenomics.net) is a web portal with genomic and phenotypic data, and analysis tools for the Solanaceae family and close relatives. SGN hosts whole genome data for an increasing number of Solanaceae family members including tomato, potato, pepper, eggplant, tobacco and Nicotiana benthamiana. The database also stores loci and phenotype data, which researchers can upload and edit with user-friendly web interfaces. Tools such as BLAST, GBrowse and JBrowse for browsing genomes, expression and map data viewers, a locus community annotation system and a QTL analysis tools are available. A new tool was recently implemented to improve Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) constructs called the SGN VIGS tool. With the growing genomic and phenotypic data in the database, SGN is now advancing to develop new web-based breeding tools and implement the code and database structure for other species or clade-specific databases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naama Menda
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeremy D Edwards
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - Surya Saha
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Isaak Y Tecle
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0002, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Pujar
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hartmut Foerster
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aimin Yan
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Caspi R, Altman T, Billington R, Dreher K, Foerster H, Fulcher CA, Holland TA, Keseler IM, Kothari A, Kubo A, Krummenacker M, Latendresse M, Mueller LA, Ong Q, Paley S, Subhraveti P, Weaver DS, Weerasinghe D, Zhang P, Karp PD. The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes and the BioCyc collection of Pathway/Genome Databases. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:D459-71. [PMID: 24225315 PMCID: PMC3964957 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 769] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The MetaCyc database (MetaCyc.org) is a comprehensive and freely accessible database describing metabolic pathways and enzymes from all domains of life. MetaCyc pathways are experimentally determined, mostly small-molecule metabolic pathways and are curated from the primary scientific literature. MetaCyc contains >2100 pathways derived from >37 000 publications, and is the largest curated collection of metabolic pathways currently available. BioCyc (BioCyc.org) is a collection of >3000 organism-specific Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs), each containing the full genome and predicted metabolic network of one organism, including metabolites, enzymes, reactions, metabolic pathways, predicted operons, transport systems and pathway-hole fillers. Additions to BioCyc over the past 2 years include YeastCyc, a PGDB for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and 891 new genomes from the Human Microbiome Project. The BioCyc Web site offers a variety of tools for querying and analysis of PGDBs, including Omics Viewers and tools for comparative analysis. New developments include atom mappings in reactions, a new representation of glycan degradation pathways, improved compound structure display, better coverage of enzyme kinetic data, enhancements of the Web Groups functionality, improvements to the Omics viewers, a new representation of the Enzyme Commission system and, for the desktop version of the software, the ability to save display states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Caspi
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, Carnegie Institution, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA
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Swarbreck D, Wilks C, Lamesch P, Berardini TZ, Garcia-Hernandez M, Foerster H, Li D, Meyer T, Muller R, Ploetz L, Radenbaugh A, Singh S, Swing V, Tissier C, Zhang P, Huala E. The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): gene structure and function annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 2008. [PMID: 17986450 DOI: 10.1093/nur/skm965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR, http://arabidopsis.org) is the model organism database for the fully sequenced and intensively studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Data in TAIR is derived in large part from manual curation of the Arabidopsis research literature and direct submissions from the research community. New developments at TAIR include the addition of the GBrowse genome viewer to the TAIR site, a redesigned home page, navigation structure and portal pages to make the site more intuitive and easier to use, the launch of several TAIR web services and a new genome annotation release (TAIR7) in April 2007. A combination of manual and computational methods were used to generate this release, which contains 27,029 protein-coding genes, 3889 pseudogenes or transposable elements and 1123 ncRNAs (32,041 genes in all, 37,019 gene models). A total of 681 new genes and 1002 new splice variants were added. Overall, 10,098 loci (one-third of all loci from the previous TAIR6 release) were updated for the TAIR7 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Swarbreck
- Carnegie Institution, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Swarbreck D, Wilks C, Lamesch P, Berardini TZ, Garcia-Hernandez M, Foerster H, Li D, Meyer T, Muller R, Ploetz L, Radenbaugh A, Singh S, Swing V, Tissier C, Zhang P, Huala E. The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): gene structure and function annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 36:D1009-14. [PMID: 17986450 PMCID: PMC2238962 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR, http://arabidopsis.org) is the model organism database for the fully sequenced and intensively studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Data in TAIR is derived in large part from manual curation of the Arabidopsis research literature and direct submissions from the research community. New developments at TAIR include the addition of the GBrowse genome viewer to the TAIR site, a redesigned home page, navigation structure and portal pages to make the site more intuitive and easier to use, the launch of several TAIR web services and a new genome annotation release (TAIR7) in April 2007. A combination of manual and computational methods were used to generate this release, which contains 27 029 protein-coding genes, 3889 pseudogenes or transposable elements and 1123 ncRNAs (32 041 genes in all, 37 019 gene models). A total of 681 new genes and 1002 new splice variants were added. Overall, 10 098 loci (one-third of all loci from the previous TAIR6 release) were updated for the TAIR7 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Swarbreck
- Carnegie Institution, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Caspi R, Foerster H, Fulcher CA, Kaipa P, Krummenacker M, Latendresse M, Paley S, Rhee SY, Shearer AG, Tissier C, Walk TC, Zhang P, Karp PD. The MetaCyc Database of metabolic pathways and enzymes and the BioCyc collection of Pathway/Genome Databases. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 36:D623-31. [PMID: 17965431 PMCID: PMC2238876 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MetaCyc (MetaCyc.org) is a universal database of metabolic pathways and enzymes from all domains of life. The pathways in MetaCyc are curated from the primary scientific literature, and are experimentally determined small-molecule metabolic pathways. Each reaction in a MetaCyc pathway is annotated with one or more well-characterized enzymes. Because MetaCyc contains only experimentally elucidated knowledge, it provides a uniquely high-quality resource for metabolic pathways and enzymes. BioCyc (BioCyc.org) is a collection of more than 350 organism-specific Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs). Each BioCyc PGDB contains the predicted metabolic network of one organism, including metabolic pathways, enzymes, metabolites and reactions predicted by the Pathway Tools software using MetaCyc as a reference database. BioCyc PGDBs also contain predicted operons and predicted pathway hole fillers—predictions of which enzymes may catalyze pathway reactions that have not been assigned to an enzyme. The BioCyc website offers many tools for computational analysis of PGDBs, including comparative analysis and analysis of omics data in a pathway context. The BioCyc PGDBs generated by SRI are offered for adoption by any interested party for the ongoing integration of metabolic and genome-related information about an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Caspi
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Caspi R, Foerster H, Fulcher CA, Hopkinson R, Ingraham J, Kaipa P, Krummenacker M, Paley S, Pick J, Rhee SY, Tissier C, Zhang P, Karp PD. MetaCyc: a multiorganism database of metabolic pathways and enzymes. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:D511-6. [PMID: 16381923 PMCID: PMC1347490 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkj128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MetaCyc is a database of metabolic pathways and enzymes located at http://MetaCyc.org/. Its goal is to serve as a metabolic encyclopedia, containing a collection of non-redundant pathways central to small molecule metabolism, which have been reported in the experimental literature. Most of the pathways in MetaCyc occur in microorganisms and plants, although animal pathways are also represented. MetaCyc contains metabolic pathways, enzymatic reactions, enzymes, chemical compounds, genes and review-level comments. Enzyme information includes substrate specificity, kinetic properties, activators, inhibitors, cofactor requirements and links to sequence and structure databases. Data are curated from the primary literature by curators with expertise in biochemistry and molecular biology. MetaCyc serves as a readily accessible comprehensive resource on microbial and plant pathways for genome analysis, basic research, education, metabolic engineering and systems biology. Querying, visualization and curation of the database is supported by SRI's Pathway Tools software. The PathoLogic component of Pathway Tools is used in conjunction with MetaCyc to predict the metabolic network of an organism from its annotated genome. SRI and the European Bioinformatics Institute employed this tool to create pathway/genome databases (PGDBs) for 165 organisms, available at the BioCyc.org website. These PGDBs also include predicted operons and pathway hole fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Foerster
- Department of Plant biology, Carnegie Institution260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - John Ingraham
- Section of Microbiology, University of CaliforniaDavis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Seung Y. Rhee
- Department of Plant biology, Carnegie Institution260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christophe Tissier
- Department of Plant biology, Carnegie Institution260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peifen Zhang
- Department of Plant biology, Carnegie Institution260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter D. Karp
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 650 859 4358; Fax: +1 650 859 3735;
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Zhang P, Foerster H, Tissier CP, Mueller L, Paley S, Karp PD, Rhee SY. MetaCyc and AraCyc. Metabolic pathway databases for plant research. Plant Physiol 2005; 138:27-37. [PMID: 15888675 PMCID: PMC1104157 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.060376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
MetaCyc (http://metacyc.org) contains experimentally determined biochemical pathways to be used as a reference database for metabolism. In conjunction with the Pathway Tools software, MetaCyc can be used to computationally predict the metabolic pathway complement of an annotated genome. To increase the breadth of pathways and enzymes, more than 60 plant-specific pathways have been added or updated in MetaCyc recently. In contrast to MetaCyc, which contains metabolic data for a wide range of organisms, AraCyc is a species-specific database containing only enzymes and pathways found in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). AraCyc (http://arabidopsis.org/tools/aracyc/) was the first computationally predicted plant metabolism database derived from MetaCyc. Since its initial computational build, AraCyc has been under continued curation to enhance data quality and to increase breadth of pathway coverage. Twenty-eight pathways have been manually curated from the literature recently. Pathway predictions in AraCyc have also been recently updated with the latest functional annotations of Arabidopsis genes that use controlled vocabulary and literature evidence. AraCyc currently features 1,418 unique genes mapped onto 204 pathways with 1,156 literature citations. The Omics Viewer, a user data visualization and analysis tool, allows a list of genes, enzymes, or metabolites with experimental values to be painted on a diagram of the full pathway map of AraCyc. Other recent enhancements to both MetaCyc and AraCyc include implementation of an evidence ontology, which has been used to provide information on data quality, expansion of the secondary metabolism node of the pathway ontology to accommodate curation of secondary metabolic pathways, and enhancement of the cellular component ontology for storing and displaying enzyme and pathway locations within subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifen Zhang
- The Arabidopsis Information Resource, Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Roschitz B, Plecko B, Huemer M, Biebl A, Foerster H, Sperl W. Nutritional infantile vitamin B12 deficiency: pathobiochemical considerations in seven patients. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2005; 90:F281-2. [PMID: 15846026 PMCID: PMC1721878 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2004.061929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Herpertz S, Albus C, Wagener R, Kocnar M, Wagner R, Henning A, Best F, Foerster H, Schulze Schleppinghoff B, Thomas W, Köhle K, Mann K, Senf W. Comorbidity of diabetes and eating disorders. Does diabetes control reflect disturbed eating behavior? Diabetes Care 1998; 21:1110-6. [PMID: 9653604 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.7.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This multicenter study was designed to explore the prevalence of clinical and subclinical eating disorders (EDs), the extent of intentional omission of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents, and its relationship to glycemic control in an inpatient and outpatient population of men and women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data have been collected from 12 diabetes medical centers in two German cities. In a questionnaire and interview-based study, a sample of male and female patients (n = 341 type 1, n = 322 type 2) was assessed for the following eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified. For lack of interview data of several patients meeting the screening criteria, prevalence ranges were calculated. RESULTS The overall prevalence range of current EDs was 5.9-8.0% (lifetime prevalence 10.3-14.0%). When patients were stratified according to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there was no difference in prevalence of EDs. However, the distribution of the EDs was different in both types of diabetes, with a predominance of binge eating disorder in the type 2 diabetes sample. Type 1 (5.9%) and type 2 (2.2%) diabetic patients reported deliberate omission of hyperglycemic drugs (insulin or oral agents) in order to lose weight. Compared with control subjects, neither the presence of EDs nor insulin omission influenced diabetic control. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be no difference in prevalence rates of EDs in both types of diabetes; however, distribution of EDs is different. The findings suggest that neither EDs nor insulin omission are necessarily associated with poor control of glycemia. Binge eating disorder seems to precede type 2 diabetes in most patients and could be one of the causes of obesity that often precedes type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Herpertz
- Clinic of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Essen, Germany.
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Engelhardt G, Buhl JC, Felsche J, Foerster H. Resolution improvement of solid-state two-dimensional 23Na nutation NMR spectra by magic angle spinning. Chem Phys Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(88)80151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Foerster H. [Clinical phonetics shown on prosthetic therapy]. ZWR 1978; 87:956-63. [PMID: 366959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Foerster H. [A tooth-protecting mouthpiece--an aid for clarinettists and saxophonists]. ZWR 1975; 84:929-30. [PMID: 1059302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Foerster H. [Report on the 79th session of the Nordwestdeutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie, May 17-19, 1974 in Timmendorfer Strand]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1975; 35:552-7. [PMID: 1213268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Foerster H, Lierse W. Vulnerabilität früher postnataler Differenzierungsvorgänge der Retina und teratogener Effekt des Zyklophosphamids (Endoxan). Tissue Cell 1975. [DOI: 10.1159/000144477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the postnatal period, cyclophosphamide produces in the retina of rats and mice rosettes containing malformed photoreceptor cells arranged in half-circle formations. The rosettes form only after injections given during the first 4 days <i>post partum </i>and only in the receptor layer which contains desmosomes. After this period, the retina becomes resistant to rosette formation. Cytological changes occur in the form of intense nuclear invaginations and membrane whorls, which may be regarded as compensatory processes.
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Foerster H. [Breathing activities in relation to mandibular resting position (including respiration phonatoria)]. ZWR 1973; 82:793-6. [PMID: 4518698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Foerster H. [Applied phonetics, demonstrated in a practical case in prosthetics]. ZWR 1972; 81:1012 passim. [PMID: 4510076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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