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Stolte Bezerra Lisboa Oliveira L, Ristroph KD. Critical Review: Uptake and Translocation of Organic Nanodelivery Vehicles in Plants. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5646-5669. [PMID: 38517744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanodelivery vehicles (NDVs) are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that, within the agricultural sector, have been investigated for their ability to improve uptake and translocation of agrochemicals, control release, or target specific tissues or subcellular compartments. Both inorganic and organic NDVs have been studied for agrochemical delivery in the literature, but research on the latter has been slower to develop than the literature on the former. Since the two classes of nanomaterials exhibit significant differences in surface chemistry, physical deformability, and even colloidal stability, trends that apply to inorganic NDVs may not hold for organic NDVs, and vice versa. We here review the current literature on the uptake, translocation, biotransformation, and cellular and subcellular internalization of organic NDVs in plants following foliar or root administration. A background on nanomaterials and plant physiology is provided as a leveling ground for researchers in the field. Trends in uptake and translocation are examined as a function of NDV properties and compared to those reported for inorganic nanomaterials. Methods for assessing fate and transport of organic NDVs in plants (a major bottleneck in the field) are discussed. We end by identifying knowledge gaps in the literature that must be understood in order to rationally design organic NDVs for precision agrochemical nanodelivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Stolte Bezerra Lisboa Oliveira
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kurt D Ristroph
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Zhao C, Kleiman DE, Shukla D. Resolving binding pathways and solvation thermodynamics of plant hormone receptors. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105456. [PMID: 37949229 PMCID: PMC10704434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones are small molecules that regulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are specifically recognized by the binding site of their receptors. In this work, we resolved the binding pathways for eight classes of phytohormones (auxin, jasmonate, gibberellin, strigolactone, brassinosteroid, cytokinin, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid) to their canonical receptors using extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we investigated the role of water displacement and reorganization at the binding site of the plant receptors through inhomogeneous solvation theory. Our findings predict that displacement of water molecules by phytohormones contributes to free energy of binding via entropy gain and is associated with significant free energy barriers for most systems analyzed. Also, our results indicate that displacement of unfavorable water molecules in the binding site can be exploited in rational agrochemical design. Overall, this study uncovers the mechanism of ligand binding and the role of water molecules in plant hormone perception, which creates new avenues for agrochemical design to target plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Diego E Kleiman
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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Bronzato M, Burriss A, King N, Donaldson C, Sayer D, Baker CM. Measuring the photostability of agrochemicals on leaves: understanding the balance between loss processes and foliar uptake. Pest Management Science 2023; 79:3114-3121. [PMID: 37013805 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photostability is an important property in agrochemicals, impacting their biological efficacy, environmental fate and registrability. As such, it is a property that is routinely measured during the development of new active ingredients and their formulations. To make these measurements, compounds are typically exposed to simulated sunlight after application to a glass substrate. While useful, these measurements neglect key factors that influence photostability under true field conditions. Most importantly, they neglect the fact that compounds are applied to living plant tissue, and that uptake and movement within this tissue provides a mechanism to protect compounds from photodegradation. RESULTS In this work, we introduce a new photostability assay incorporating leaf tissue as a substrate, designed to run at medium throughput under standardized laboratory conditions. Using three test cases, we demonstrate that our leaf-disc-based assays provides quantitatively different photochemical loss profiles to an assay employing a glass substrate. And we also demonstrate that these different loss profiles are intimately linked to the physical properties of the compounds, the effect that those properties have on foliar uptake and, thereby, the availability of the active ingredient on the leaf surface. CONCLUSIONS The method presented provides a quick and simple measure of the interplay between abiotic loss processes and foliar uptake, supplying additional information to facilitate the interpretation of biological efficacy data. The comparison of loss between glass slides and leaves also provides a better understanding of when intrinsic photodegradation is likely to be a good model for a compound's behaviour under field conditions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Burriss
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Nikita King
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Claire Donaldson
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Danielle Sayer
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
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Cai XY, Li N, Li Y, Zhang RJ, Lin P, Liu L, Ye HY, Wu WS, Zhao M. An epigenetic modifier enhances the generation of anti-phytopathogenic compounds from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosporum of Euphorbia humifusa. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113426. [PMID: 36084856 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are striking resources rich in bioactive structures with agrochemical significance. In order to maximize the opportunity of search for bioactive compounds, chemical epigenetic manipulation was introduced to enhance the structural diversity of the fungal products, and an UPLC-ESIMS and bioassay-guided separation was used to detect novel bioactive metabolites. Consequently, four previously undescribed compounds including two cyclopentenones (globosporins A and B) and two monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (globosporines C and D), as well as three known compounds, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosporum of Euphorbia humifusa by exposure to a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine. Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated by the analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, HRESIMS, and TD-DFT-ECD calculations. The indole alkaloids (globosporines C and D) showed antimicrobial activities against three phytopathogenic microbes (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. oryzae pv. oryzicola, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans) with MICs in the range of 14-72 μg/mL. Mostly, globosporine D was proved to be potently anti-phytopathogenic against X. oryzae pv. oryzae in vitro and in vivo, which suggested that it has the potential to be developed as a candidate for the prevention of rice bacterial leaf blight. This work provides an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for expanding fungal products with agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Cai
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jia Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Chakraborty A, Chaudhury R, Dutta S, Basak M, Dey S, Schäffner AR, Das M. Role of metabolites in flower development and discovery of compounds controlling flowering time. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 190:109-118. [PMID: 36113306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is one of the most important physiological processes of plants that ensures continuity of genetic flow from one generation to the next and also maintains food security. Therefore, impact of various climate-related abiotic stresses on flowering have been assessed to evaluate the long-term impact of global climate change. In contrast to the enormous volume of research that has been conducted at the genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein level, much less attention has been paid to understand the role of various metabolites in flower induction and floral organ development during normal growth or in stressed environmental condition. This review article aims at summarizing information on various primary (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acid derivatives, protein and amino acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g., polyamines, phenolics, neuro-indoles, phenylpropanoid, flavonoids and terpenes) that have so far been identified either during flower induction or in individual floral organs implying their possible role in organ development. Specialized metabolites responsible for flower colour, scent and shape to support plant-pollinator interaction have been extensively reviewed by many research groups and hence are not considered in this article. Many of the metabolites discussed here may be used as metabolomarkers to identify tolerant crop genotypes. Several agrochemicals have been successfully used to release endodormancy in temperate trees. Along the same line, a strategy that combines metabolite profiling, screening of small-molecule libraries, and structural alteration of selected compounds has been proposed in order to identify novel lead compounds that can regulate flowering time when applied exogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rim Chaudhury
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Smritikana Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India; Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridushree Basak
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sonali Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Malay Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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Xiao Y, Zhang H, Li Z, Huang T, Akihiro T, Xu J, Xu H, Lin F. An amino acid transporter-like protein (OsATL15) facilitates the systematic distribution of thiamethoxam in rice for controlling the brown planthopper. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1888-1901. [PMID: 35678495 PMCID: PMC9491460 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and genetic engineering of plant transporters involved in the pesticide uptake and translocation facilitate pesticide relocation to the tissue where the pests feed, thus improving the bioavailability of the agrichemicals. We aimed to identify thiamethoxam (THX) transporters in rice and modify their expression for better brown planthopper (BPH) control with less pesticide application. A yeast library expressing 1385 rice transporters was screened, leading to the identification of an amino acid transporter-like (ATL) gene, namely OsATL15, which facilitates THX uptake in both yeast cells and rice seedlings. In contrast to a decrease in THX content in osatl15 knockout mutants, ectopic expression of OsATL15 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter or a vascular-bundle-specific promoter gdcsPpro significantly increased THX accumulation in rice plants, thus further enhancing the THX efficacy against BPH. OsATL15 was localized in rice cell membrane and abundant in the root transverse sections, vascular bundles of leaf blade, and stem longitudinal sections, but not in hull and brown rice at filling stages. Our study shows that OsATL15 plays an essential role in THX uptake and its systemic distribution in rice. OsATL15 could be valuable in achieving precise pest control by biotechnology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tinghong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Takashi Akihiro
- Faculty of Life and Environmental ScienceShimane UniversityShimaneJapan
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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7
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Santana I, Jeon SJ, Kim HI, Islam MR, Castillo C, Garcia GFH, Newkirk GM, Giraldo JP. Targeted Carbon Nanostructures for Chemical and Gene Delivery to Plant Chloroplasts. ACS Nano 2022; 16:12156-12173. [PMID: 35943045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology approaches for improving the delivery efficiency of chemicals and molecular cargoes in plants through plant biorecognition mechanisms remain relatively unexplored. We developed targeted carbon-based nanomaterials as tools for precise chemical delivery (carbon dots, CDs) and gene delivery platforms (single-walled carbon nanotubes, SWCNTs) to chloroplasts, key organelles involved in efforts to improve plant photosynthesis, assimilation of nutrients, and delivery of agrochemicals. A biorecognition approach of coating the nanomaterials with a rationally designed chloroplast targeting peptide improved the delivery of CDs with molecular baskets (TP-β-CD) for delivery of agrochemicals and of plasmid DNA coated SWCNT (TP-pATV1-SWCNT) from 47% to 70% and from 39% to 57% of chloroplasts in leaves, respectively. Plants treated with TP-β-CD (20 mg/L) and TP-pATV1-SWCNT (2 mg/L) had a low percentage of dead cells, 6% and 8%, respectively, similar to controls without nanoparticles, and no permanent cell and chloroplast membrane damage after 5 days of exposure. However, targeted nanomaterials transiently increased leaf H2O2 (0.3225 μmol gFW-1) above control plant levels (0.03441 μmol gFW-1) but within the normal range reported in land plants. The increase in leaf H2O2 levels was associated with oxidative damage in whole plant cell DNA, a transient effect on chloroplast DNA, and a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content (-17%) and carbon assimilation rates at saturation light levels (-32%) with no impact on photosystem II quantum yield. This work provides targeted delivery approaches for carbon-based nanomaterials mediated by biorecognition and a comprehensive understanding of their impact on plant cell and molecular biology for engineering safer and efficient agrochemical and biomolecule delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Santana
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Su-Ji Jeon
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hye-In Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Md Reyazul Islam
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher Castillo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Gail F H Garcia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Gregory M Newkirk
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Hassan MA, Hozien ST, Abdel Wahab MM, Hassan AM. Risk assessment of glyphosate and malathion pollution and their potential impact on Oreochromis niloticus: role of organic selenium supplementation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9992. [PMID: 35705587 PMCID: PMC9200714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A field survey was conducted on five fish farms to trace glyphosate and malathion pollution with some physicochemical parameters. A precise half-life time, LC50-96h, of these agrochemicals on Oreochromis niloticus, as well as chronic exposure with organic selenium (OS) supplementation, were experimentally investigated. Oreochromis niloticus was subjected to the following: (negative control); (2 mg L-1 glyphosate); (0.5 mg L-1 malathion); (glyphosate 1.6 mg L-1 and 0.3 mg L-1 malathion); (glyphosate 2 mg L-1 and OS 0.8 g kg-1 diet); (malathion 0.5 mg L-1 and OS 0.8 g kg-1 diet) and (glyphosate 1.6 mg L-1; malathion 0.3 mg L-1 and OS 0.8 g kg-1 diet). Furthermore, data from the analyzed pond revealed a medium risk quotient (RQ) for both agrochemicals. The detected agrochemicals were related to their application, and vegetation type surrounding the farms, also their biodegradation was correlated to water pH, temperature, and salinity. Glyphosate and malathion had half-lives of 2.8 and 2.3 days and LC50-96h of 2.331 and 0.738 mg L-1, respectively. The severest nervous symptoms; increased oxidative stress markers, as well as high bacterial count in the livers and kidneys of fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, were observed in the combined exposure, followed by a single exposure to malathion and then glyphosate. Organic selenium mitigated these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hassan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Samaa T Hozien
- Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Kubicki M, Giannakopoulos G, Lamshöft M, Dittgen J. Spatially Resolved Investigation of Herbicide-Safener Interaction in Maize ( Zea mays L.) by MALDI-Imaging Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:6368-6376. [PMID: 35583469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring agrochemical distribution within plant tissues delivers significant insights into the adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of agrochemicals. Detection and imaging of the safener cyprosulfamide (CSA) and the herbicide thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM) after micro-droplet application on the surface of maize leaves (Zea mays L.) have been achieved using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). The agrochemicals were deposited onto the adaxial surface of maize leaves on growing plants, and their uptake, distribution, and metabolism were investigated at four timepoints (3 h, 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days) to assess the influence of CSA treatment on TCM metabolism. MALDI MSI visualized significant changes for the metabolism of TCM after 24 h. Although TCM metabolism was detected neither in the control without the safener nor in the approach with CSA on the second leaf, the co-application on the same leaf showed significant metabolism of the herbicide by detecting the metabolite N-demethylated TCM. These findings suggest that safener protection against herbicide injury is a rapid process in which CSA and TCM need to be present in the same tissues. This study showcases the use of MALDI MSI to visualize and analyze indirect interactions of two substances in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kubicki
- Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety─Metabolism & Kinetics, Bayer AG, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - George Giannakopoulos
- Crop Protection Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Marc Lamshöft
- Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety─Metabolism & Kinetics, Bayer AG, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Jan Dittgen
- Crop Science Division, Weed Control Research, Bayer AG, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Hassan MA, Hozien ST, Abdel Wahab MM, Hassan AM. Ameliorative effect of selenium yeast supplementation on the physio-pathological impacts of chronic exposure to glyphosate and or malathion in Oreochromis niloticus. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:159. [PMID: 35501865 PMCID: PMC9063350 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure is thought to be a major contributor to living organism health deterioration, as evidenced by its impact on both cultured fish species and human health. Commercial fish diets are typically deficient in selenium (Se); hence, supplementation may be necessary to meet requirements during stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the protective role of selenium yeast (SY) supplementation for 60 days against the deleterious effects of glyphosate and or malathion chronic toxicity at sublethal concentrations in Oreochromis niloticus . METHODS Two hundred and ten fish were divided into seven groups (n = 30/group) as follows: G1 (negative control); G2 (2 mg L- 1 glyphosate); G3 (0.5 mg L- 1 malathion); G4 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L- 1 and malathion 0.3 mg L- 1); G5 (glyphosate 2 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1); G6 (malathion 0.5 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1); and G7 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L- 1; malathion 0.3 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1). RESULTS Results revealed significant alteration in growth performance parameters including feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). G4 has the highest documented cumulative mortalities (40%), followed by G3 (30%). Additionally, the greatest impact was documented in G4, followed by G3 and then G2 as severe anemia with significant thrombocytopenia; leukocytosis; hypoproteinemia; increased Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Considering the previously mentioned parameters, selenium yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (3.3 mg kg- 1 available selenium) mitigated the negative impact of both the agrochemicals, whether exposed singly or in combination, in addition to their antioxidative action. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study found that organophosphorus agrochemicals, single or combined, had negative impacts on Oreochromis niloticus regarding growth performance, biochemical and hematological changes in the serum, as well as induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney tissues. Supplementation of SY at the rate of 3.3 mg kg- 1 diet (2.36 mg kg- 1 selenomethionine and 0.94 mg organic selenium) ameliorated the fish performance and health status adversely affected by organophosphorus agrochemical intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Samaa T Hozien
- Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Phazna TA, Ngashangva NG, Yentrembam RBS, Maurya R, Mukherjee P, Sharma C, Verma PK, Sarangthem I. Draft genome sequence and functional analysis of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus t26, a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from Capsicum chinense rhizosphere. J Biosci 2022; 47:36. [PMID: 36222136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum chinense is the chilli species containing the highest amount of capsaicin, and is an important traditional spice crop of Northeast India. Capsaicinoids derived from C. chinense are used in anticancer and anti-obesity treatments, as temperature regulators, in pain therapy, and as antioxidants. The current production and yield are very low due to the lack of organized cultivation and scientific inputs, and various plant diseases. Synthetic pesticides are frequently applied to boost yields, which creates potential risks to the environment, crops, and humans. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is an alternative strategy in crop disease management to reduce the dependency on agrochemicals, which have detrimental effects on the environment. Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus t26 isolated from the C. chinense rhizosphere has shown good prospects in plant growth promotion and biocontrol. It showed strong antagonistic activity against Pythium ultimum ITCC 1650, Rhizoctonia solani ITCC 6491, and Fusarium oxysporum ITCC 6246. The draft genome sequencing of L. xylanilyticus t26 yielded a total of 5.69 Mbp with a G+C content of 36.80%. Genome analysis revealed that L. xylanilyticus t26 is very similar to L. xylanilyticus MH683160.1, and is phylogenetically related to L. xylanilyticus IBBPo7. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that it harbored type III polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenes, and lantibiotics including cerecidin, bacteriocins, siderophores, and thiopeptides, which are important traits of rhizobacteria for the utilization of minerals and to compete with other microbes for food. The strain t26 is a potential biocontrol agent for soil-borne fungal diseases. In this study, we derived the possible siderophore production pathways through the analysis of L. xylanilyticus t26 draft genome and plant growth response bioassays. The availability of genome data provides information that this draft genome harbored a siderophore BGC, which is 33% similar to petrobactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Phazna
- Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD),Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, India
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Cesco S, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno B, Borruso L, Mimmo T, Pii Y, Puglisi E, Spini G, Taskin E, Tiziani R, Zangrillo MS, Trevisan M. The hidden effects of agrochemicals on plant metabolism and root-associated microorganisms. Plant Sci 2021; 311:111012. [PMID: 34482915 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals are commonly used in agriculture to protect crops and ensure yields. Several of them are mobile within the plant and, being perceived as xenobiotics regardless of their protective/curative roles, they induce a reprogramming of secondary metabolism linked to the detoxification processes even in the absence of phenotype symptoms. Moreover, it is well documented that plants are able to shape the microbial population at the rhizosphere and to significantly affect the processes occurring therein thanks to the root exudation of different metabolites. Here we show that plant metabolic response to foliarly-applied pesticides is much broader than what previously thought and includes diverse and compound-specific hidden processes. Among others, stress-related metabolism and phytohormones profile underwent a considerable reorganization. Moreover, a distinctive microbial rearrangement of the rhizosphere was recorded following foliar application of pesticides. Such effects have unavoidably energetic and metabolic costs for the plant paving the way to both positive and negative aspects. The understanding of these effects is crucial for an increasingly sustainable use of pesticides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, I-39110, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Begona Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, I-39110, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, I-39110, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, I-39110, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Giulia Spini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Eren Taskin
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Raphael Tiziani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, I-39110, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria Simona Zangrillo
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-29122, Piacenza, Italy
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Zhao S, Tian K, Li Y, Ji W, Liu F, Khan B, Yan W, Ye Y. Enantiomeric Dibenzo-α-Pyrone Derivatives from Alternaria alternata ZHJG5 and Their Potential as Agrochemicals. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:15115-15122. [PMID: 33289556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three pairs of enantiomeric dibenzo-α-pyrone derivatives (1-3) including two pairs of new racemates (±)-alternaone A (1) and (±)-alternaone B (2) and one new enantiomer (-)-alternatiol (3), together with five known compounds (4-8) were isolated from the fungus Alternaria alternata ZHJG5. Their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All enantiomers were separated via chiral high-performance liquid chromatography, with their configurations determined by electronic circular dichroism calculation. Biogenetically, a key epoxy-rearrangement step was proposed for the formation of skeletons in 1-3; (+) 1, (-)-1, and 5 presented moderate antibacterial inhibition on phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. In the antifungal test, compounds 7 and 8 showed a moderate protective effect against Botrytis cinerea in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Kailin Tian
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Ji
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Babar Khan
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yonghao Ye
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Ma C, Borgatta J, Hudson BG, Tamijani AA, De La Torre-Roche R, Zuverza-Mena N, Shen Y, Elmer W, Xing B, Mason SE, Hamers RJ, White JC. Advanced material modulation of nutritional and phytohormone status alleviates damage from soybean sudden death syndrome. Nat Nanotechnol 2020. [PMID: 33077964 DOI: 10.1038/s41565020007761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Customized Cu3(PO4)2 and CuO nanosheets and commercial CuO nanoparticles were investigated for micronutrient delivery and suppression of soybean sudden death syndrome. An ab initio thermodynamics approach modelled how material morphology and matrix effects control the nutrient release. Infection reduced the biomass and photosynthesis by 70.3 and 60%, respectively; the foliar application of nanoscale Cu reversed this damage. Disease-induced changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity and fatty acid profile were also alleviated by Cu amendment. The transcription of two dozen defence- and health-related genes correlates a nanoscale Cu-enhanced innate disease response to reduced pathogenicity and increased growth. Cu-based nanosheets exhibited a greater disease suppression than that of CuO nanoparticles due to a greater leaf surface affinity and Cu dissolution, as determined computationally and experimentally. The findings highlight the importance and tunability of nanomaterial properties, such as morphology, composition and dissolution. The early seedling foliar application of nanoscale Cu to modulate nutrition and enhance immunity offers a great potential for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Ma
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Borgatta
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blake Geoffrey Hudson
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ali Abbaspour Tamijani
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Roberto De La Torre-Roche
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nubia Zuverza-Mena
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Shen
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wade Elmer
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sara Elizabeth Mason
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert John Hamers
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason Christopher White
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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Ma C, Borgatta J, Hudson BG, Tamijani AA, De La Torre-Roche R, Zuverza-Mena N, Shen Y, Elmer W, Xing B, Mason SE, Hamers RJ, White JC. Advanced material modulation of nutritional and phytohormone status alleviates damage from soybean sudden death syndrome. Nat Nanotechnol 2020; 15:1033-1042. [PMID: 33077964 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Customized Cu3(PO4)2 and CuO nanosheets and commercial CuO nanoparticles were investigated for micronutrient delivery and suppression of soybean sudden death syndrome. An ab initio thermodynamics approach modelled how material morphology and matrix effects control the nutrient release. Infection reduced the biomass and photosynthesis by 70.3 and 60%, respectively; the foliar application of nanoscale Cu reversed this damage. Disease-induced changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity and fatty acid profile were also alleviated by Cu amendment. The transcription of two dozen defence- and health-related genes correlates a nanoscale Cu-enhanced innate disease response to reduced pathogenicity and increased growth. Cu-based nanosheets exhibited a greater disease suppression than that of CuO nanoparticles due to a greater leaf surface affinity and Cu dissolution, as determined computationally and experimentally. The findings highlight the importance and tunability of nanomaterial properties, such as morphology, composition and dissolution. The early seedling foliar application of nanoscale Cu to modulate nutrition and enhance immunity offers a great potential for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Ma
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Borgatta
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blake Geoffrey Hudson
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ali Abbaspour Tamijani
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Roberto De La Torre-Roche
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nubia Zuverza-Mena
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Shen
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wade Elmer
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sara Elizabeth Mason
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert John Hamers
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason Christopher White
- The Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Oppong-Danquah E, Budnicka P, Blümel M, Tasdemir D. Design of Fungal Co-Cultivation Based on Comparative Metabolomics and Bioactivity for Discovery of Marine Fungal Agrochemicals. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020073. [PMID: 31979232 PMCID: PMC7073616 DOI: 10.3390/md18020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial co-cultivation is employed for awakening silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) to enhance chemical diversity. However, the selection of appropriate partners for co-cultivation remains a challenge. Furthermore, competitive interactions involving the suppression of BGCs or upregulation of known, functional metabolite(s) during co-cultivation efforts is also common. Herein, we performed an alternative approach for targeted selection of the best co-cultivation pair. Eight marine sediment-derived fungi were classified as strong or weak, based on their anti-phytopathogenic potency. The fungi were co-cultured systematically and analyzed for their chemical profiles and anti-phytopathogenic activity. Based on enhanced bioactivity and a significantly different metabolite profile including the appearance of a co-culture specific cluster, the co-culture of Plenodomus influorescens (strong) and Pyrenochaeta nobilis (weak) was prioritized for chemical investigation. Large-scale co-cultivation resulted in isolation of five polyketide type compounds: two 12-membered macrolides, dendrodolide E (1) and its new analog dendrodolide N (2), as well as two rare azaphilones spiciferinone (3) and its new analog 8a-hydroxy-spiciferinone (4). A well-known bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone type mycotoxin, cephalochromin (5), whose production was specifically enhanced in the co-culture, was also isolated. Chemical structures of compounds 1-5 were elucidated by NMR, HRMS and [] analyses. Compound 5 showed the strongest anti-phytopathogenic activity against Xanthomonas campestris and Phytophthora infestans with IC50 values of 0.9 and 1.7 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Oppong-Danquah
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (E.O.-D.); (P.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Paulina Budnicka
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (E.O.-D.); (P.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Blümel
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (E.O.-D.); (P.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany; (E.O.-D.); (P.B.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-6004430
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Antoniou C, Xenofontos R, Chatzimichail G, Christou A, Kashfi K, Fotopoulos V. Exploring the Potential of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide (NOSH)-Releasing Synthetic Compounds as Novel Priming Agents against Drought Stress in Medicago sativa Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010120. [PMID: 31936819 PMCID: PMC7023404 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Land plants are continuously exposed to multiple abiotic stress factors like drought, heat, and salinity. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two well-examined signaling molecules that act as priming agents, regulating the response of plants to stressful conditions. Several chemical donors exist that provide plants with NO and H2S separately. NOSH is a remarkable novel donor as it can donate NO and H2S simultaneously to plants, while NOSH-aspirin additionally provides the pharmaceutical molecule acetylsalicylic acid. The current study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effect of these molecules in drought-stressed Medicago sativa L. plants by following a pharmacological approach. Plants were initially pre-treated with both donors (NOSH and NOSH-aspirin) via foliar spraying, and were then subsequently exposed to a moderate water deficit while NO and H2S inhibitors (cPTIO and HA, respectively) were also employed. Phenotypic and physiological data showed that pre-treatment with NOSH synthetic compounds induced acclimation to subsequent drought stress and improved the recovery following rewatering. This was accompanied by modified reactive-oxygen and nitrogen-species signaling and metabolism, as well as attenuation of cellular damage, as evidenced by altered lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation levels. Furthermore, real-time RT-qPCR analysis revealed the differential regulation of multiple defense-related transcripts, including antioxidant enzymes. Overall, the present study proposed a novel role for NOSH compounds as efficient plant priming agents against environmental constraints through the coordinated regulation of multiple defense components, thus opening new horizons in the field of chemical priming research toward the use of target-selected compounds for stress tolerance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; (C.A.); (R.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Rafaella Xenofontos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; (C.A.); (R.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Giannis Chatzimichail
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; (C.A.); (R.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Natural Recourses, P.O. Box 22016, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA;
- Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus; (C.A.); (R.X.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-25-002418; Fax: +357-25-002632
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18
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Rékási M, Mazsu N, Draskovits E, Bernhardt B, Szabó A, Rivier PA, Farkas C, Borsányi B, Pirkó B, Molnár S, Kátay G, Uzinger N. Comparing the agrochemical properties of compost and vermicomposts produced from municipal sewage sludge digestate. Bioresour Technol 2019; 291:121861. [PMID: 31376666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate whether the agronomic traits of vermicompost prepared from partially stabilised sewage sludge digestate after thermophilic composting were more favourable than those of conventional compost. The effects of various additives (green waste, spent mushroom compost, wheat straw, biochar) were also tested after 1.5 months precomposting followed by 3 months vermicomposting with Eisenia fetida or by compost maturing. Vermicomposting did not result in significantly more intensive mineralisation than composting; the average organic carbon contents were 21.2 and 22.2% in vermicomposts and composts, respectively. Hence, the average total (N: 2.4%; P: 1.9%; K: 0.9%) and available (N: 160 mg/kg; P: 161 mg/kg; K: 0.8%) macronutrient concentrations were the same in both treatments. The processing method did not influence the organic matter quality (E4/E6) either. However, on average the concentration of the plant growth regulator kinetin was more than twice as high in vermicomposts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Rékási
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary.
| | - Nikolett Mazsu
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Eszter Draskovits
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Botond Bernhardt
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Anita Szabó
- Inno-Water Inc., 1028 Budapest, Hidegkúti út 80/D, Hungary
| | | | - Csilla Farkas
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Barbara Borsányi
- Érd Region Public Utility Association, 2030 Érd, Diósdi u. 14/A, Hungary
| | - Béla Pirkó
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Sándor Molnár
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - György Kátay
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Uzinger
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Herman O. út 15, Hungary
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Wu H, Xu H, Marivingt-Mounir C, Bonnemain JL, Chollet JF. Vectorizing agrochemicals: enhancing bioavailability via carrier-mediated transport. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:1507-1516. [PMID: 30537141 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemicity of agrochemicals is an advantageous property for controlling phloem sucking insects, as well as pathogens and pests not accessible to contact products. After the penetration of the cuticle, the plasma membrane constitutes the main barrier to the entry of an agrochemical into the sap flow. The current strategy for developing systemic agrochemicals is to optimize the physicochemical properties of the molecules so that they can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion or ion trapping mechanisms. The main problem with current systemic compounds is that they move everywhere within the plant, and this non-controlled mobility results in the contamination of the plant parts consumed by vertebrates and pollinators. To achieve the site-targeted distribution of agrochemicals, a carrier-mediated propesticide strategy is proposed in this review. After conjugating a non-systemic agrochemical with a nutrient (α-amino acids or sugars), the resulting conjugate may be actively transported across the plasma membrane by nutrient-specific carriers. By applying this strategy, non-systemic active ingredients are expected to be delivered into the target organs of young plants, thus avoiding or minimizing subsequent undesirable redistribution. The development of this innovative strategy presents many challenges, but opens up a wide range of exciting possibilities. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cécile Marivingt-Mounir
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bonnemain
- Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-François Chollet
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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Wackett LP. Microbial degradation of agricultural chemicals: An annotated selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to the topics in environmental microbiology. Environ Microbiol Rep 2018; 10:718-719. [PMID: 30461226 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Wackett
- McKnight Professor, Microbial Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Hofstetter S, Beck A, Trapp S, Buchholz A. How To Design for a Tailored Subcellular Distribution of Systemic Agrochemicals in Plant Tissues. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8687-8697. [PMID: 30024749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foliar-applied systemic agrochemicals require entrance into the plant vascular system or into specific subcellular compartments to reach their target in planta or to be imbibed by piercing/sucking pests. An inappropriate subcellular localization, like accumulation of aphicides in vacuoles, might lower the compound's efficiency due to reduced exposure to the target. Permeabilities and mass distributions of 16 compounds covering a broad range of properties were measured across a pH gradient in a PAMPA ("parallel artificial membrane permeability assay") system, providing experimental evidence for ion trapping of acids and bases in basic and acidic compartments, respectively. The results validated a predictive model which was then expanded to simulate a standardized plant cell (cytosol and vacuole) with a vascular system (phloem and xylem). This approach underlined that the absolute mass distribution across aqueous phases is defined by membrane retention, whereas the relative mass distribution is determined by the species (neutral, acidic, basic) of compounds. These processes depend largely on p Ka and log Kow of the test compounds, which subsequently determine the partitioning of the substances in plant cell compartments. The validated model can be used as a tool in agrochemistry research to tailor the subcellular distribution by chemistry design and to interpret biology results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Hofstetter
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , 4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Beck
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , 4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Technical University of Denmark , Miljoevej 113 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Anke Buchholz
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , 4332 Stein , Switzerland
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Engel LS, Werder E, Satagopan J, Blair A, Hoppin JA, Koutros S, Lerro CC, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC, Beane Freeman LE. Insecticide Use and Breast Cancer Risk among Farmers' Wives in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125:097002. [PMID: 28934092 PMCID: PMC5915194 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some epidemiologic and laboratory studies suggest that insecticides are related to increased breast cancer risk, but the evidence is inconsistent. Women engaged in agricultural work or who reside in agricultural areas may experience appreciable exposures to a wide range of insecticides. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between insecticide use and breast cancer incidence among wives of pesticide applicators (farmers) in the prospective Agricultural Health Study. METHODS Farmers and their wives provided information on insecticide use, demographics, and reproductive history at enrollment in 1993-1997 and in 5-y follow-up interviews. Cancer incidence was determined via cancer registries. Among 30,594 wives with no history of breast cancer before enrollment, we examined breast cancer risk in relation to the women's and their husbands' insecticide use using Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During an average 14.7-y follow-up, 39% of the women reported ever using insecticides, and 1,081 were diagnosed with breast cancer. Although ever use of insecticides overall was not associated with breast cancer risk, risk was elevated among women who had ever used the organophosphates chlorpyrifos [HR=1.4 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.0)] or terbufos [HR=1.5 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.1)], with nonsignificantly increased risks for coumaphos [HR=1.5 (95% CI: 0.9, 2.5)] and heptachlor [HR=1.5 (95% CI: 0.7, 2.9)]. Risk in relation to the wives' use was associated primarily with premenopausal breast cancer. We found little evidence of differential risk by tumor estrogen receptor status. Among women who did not apply pesticides, the husband's use of fonofos was associated with elevated risk, although no exposure-response trend was observed. CONCLUSION Use of several organophosphate insecticides was associated with elevated breast cancer risk. However, associations for the women's and husbands' use of these insecticides showed limited concordance. Ongoing cohort follow-up may help clarify the relationship, if any, between individual insecticide exposures and breast cancer risk. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Werder
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaya Satagopan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jane A Hoppin
- Department of Biological Sciences, and
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine C Lerro
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael C Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Marhadour S, Wu H, Yang W, Marivingt-Mounir C, Bonnemain JL, Chollet JF. Vectorisation of agrochemicals via amino acid carriers: influence of the spacer arm structure on the phloem mobility of phenylpyrrole conjugates in the Ricinus system. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:1972-1982. [PMID: 28321972 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive agrochemical use poses significant threats to environmental safety and human health. Reducing pesticide use without reducing yield is necessary for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we developed a vectorisation strategy to enhance agrochemical delivery through plant amino acid carriers. RESULTS In addition to a fenpiclonil conjugate recently described, three new amino acid conjugates were synthesised by coupling fenpiclonil to an l-α-amino acid. Phloem mobility of these conjugates, which exhibit different structures of the spacer arm introduced between fenpiclonil and the α-amino acid function, was studied using the Ricinus model. Conjugate L-14, which contains a triazole ring with the shortest amino acid chain, showed the best phloem systemicity among the four conjugates. By contrast, removing the triazole ring in the spacer arm did not improve systemicity. L-14 exhibited phloem systemicity at all reported pH values (pH values from 5.0 to 6.5) of the foliar apoplast, while acidic derivatives of fenpiclonil were translocated only at pH values near 5.0. CONCLUSION The conjugates were recognised by a pH-dependent transporter system and translocated at distance in the phloem. They exhibited a broader phloem systemicity than fenpiclonil acidic derivatives within the pH value range of the foliar apoplast. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marhadour
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hanxiang Wu
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Wen Yang
- Guizhou Tea Reasearch Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cécile Marivingt-Mounir
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bonnemain
- Laboratoire Écologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-François Chollet
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Wei Y, Dong C, Zhang H, Zheng X, Shu B, Shi S, Li W. Transcriptional changes in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) inflorescences treated with uniconazole. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176053. [PMID: 28419137 PMCID: PMC5395186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, treating shoots with uniconazole can result in enhanced primary root elongation and bolting delay. Uniconazole spraying has become an important cultivation technique in controlling the flowering and improving the fruit-setting of litchi. However, the mechanism by which uniconazole regulates the complicated developmental processes in litchi remains unclear. This study aimed to determine which signal pathways and genes drive the responses of litchi inflorescences to uniconazole treatment. We monitored the transcriptional activity in inflorescences after uniconazole treatment by Illumina sequencing technology. The global expression profiles of uniconazole-treated litchi inflorescences were compared with those of the control, and 4051 differentially expressed genes were isolated. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway served key functions in the flower developmental stage under uniconazole treatment. Basing on the transcriptional analysis of genes involved in flower development, we hypothesized that uniconazole treatment increases the ratio of female flowers by activating the transcription of pistil-related genes. This phenomenon increases opportunities for pollination and fertilization, thereby enhancing the fruit-bearing rate. In addition, uniconazole treatment regulates the expression of unigenes involved in numerous transcription factor families, especially the bHLH and WRKY families. These findings suggest that the uniconazole-induced morphological changes in litchi inflorescences are related to the control of hormone signaling, the regulation of flowering genes, and the expression levels of various transcription factors. This study provides comprehensive inflorescence transcriptome data to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of litchi flowers to uniconazole treatment and enumerates possible candidate genes that can be used to guide future research in controlling litchi flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuewen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Shu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shengyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology (Ministry of Agriculture), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Sparks TC, Lorsbach BA. Perspectives on the agrochemical industry and agrochemical discovery. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:672-677. [PMID: 27753242 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals have been critical to the production of food and fiber, as well as the control of vectors of disease. The need for the discovery and development of new agrochemicals continues unabated due to the loss of existing products through the development of resistance, the desire for products with more favorable environmental and toxicological profiles, shifting pest spectra, and changing agricultural needs and practices. As presented in the associated analysis of the agrochemical industry, the rising costs and complexities of agrochemical discovery have, in part, led to increasing consolidation, especially in the USA and Europe. However, as demonstrated by the present analysis, the discovery of new agrochemicals continues in spite of the challenges. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Lorsbach BA, Sparks TC. Innovations in Agrochemical Discovery and the Role of Metabolism, Bioavailability and Formulations. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:655-657. [PMID: 28247502 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Borišev M, Borišev I, Župunski M, Arsenov D, Pajević S, Ćurčić Ž, Vasin J, Djordjevic A. Drought Impact Is Alleviated in Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.) by Foliar Application of Fullerenol Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166248. [PMID: 27832171 PMCID: PMC5104475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, significant efforts have been made to decrease the effects of drought stress on plant productivity and quality. We propose that fullerenol nanoparticles (FNPs, molecular formula C60(OH)24) may help alleviate drought stress by serving as an additional intercellular water supply. Specifically, FNPs are able to penetrate plant leaf and root tissues, where they bind water in various cell compartments. This hydroscopic activity suggests that FNPs could be beneficial in plants. The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of FNPs on sugar beet plants exposed to drought stress. Our results indicate that intracellular water metabolism can be modified by foliar application of FNPs in drought exposed plants. Drought stress induced a significant increase in the compatible osmolyte proline in both the leaves and roots of control plants, but not in FNP treated plants. These results indicate that FNPs could act as intracellular binders of water, creating an additional water reserve, and enabling adaptation to drought stress. Moreover, analysis of plant antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, APx and GPx), MDA and GSH content indicate that fullerenol foliar application could have some beneficial effect on alleviating oxidative effects of drought stress, depending on the concentration of nanoparticles applied. Although further studies are necessary to elucidate the biochemical impact of FNPs on plants; the present results could directly impact agricultural practice, where available water supplies are often a limiting factor in plant bioproductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Borišev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Borišev
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Župunski
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Arsenov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Pajević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Živko Ćurčić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovica Vasin
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Djordjevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Mnif I, Ghribi D. Glycolipid biosurfactants: main properties and potential applications in agriculture and food industry. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:4310-4320. [PMID: 27098847 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids, consisting of a carbohydrate moiety linked to fatty acids, are microbial surface active compounds produced by various microorganisms. They are characterized by high structural diversity and have the ability to decrease the surface and interfacial tension at the surface and interface, respectively. Rhamnolipids, trehalolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids and cellobiose lipids are among the most popular glycolipids. They have received much practical attention as biopesticides for controlling plant diseases and protecting stored products. As a result of their antifungal activity towards phytopathogenic fungi and larvicidal and mosquitocidal potencies, glycolipid biosurfactants permit the preservation of plants and plant crops from pest invasion. Also, as a result of their emulsifying and antibacterial activities, glycolipids have great potential as food additives and food preservatives. Furthermore, the valorization of food byproducts via the production of glycolipid biosurfactant has received much attention because it permits the bioconversion of byproducts on valuable compounds and decreases the cost of production. Generally, the use of glycolipids in many fields requires their retention from fermentation media. Accordingly, different strategies have been developed to extract and purify glycolipids. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Mnif
- Unit Enzymes and Bioconversion, National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Ghribi
- Unit Enzymes and Bioconversion, National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wang Y, Gu W, Xie T, Li L, Sun Y, Zhang H, Li J, Wei S. Mixed Compound of DCPTA and CCC Increases Maize Yield by Improving Plant Morphology and Up-Regulating Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149404. [PMID: 26872260 PMCID: PMC4752268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DCPTA (2-diethylaminoethyl-3, 4-dichlorophenylether) and CCC (2-chloroethyltrimethyl- ammonium chloride) have a great effect on maize growth, but applying DCPTA individually can promote the increase of plant height, resulting in the rise of lodging percent. Plant height and lodging percent decrease in CCC-treated plants, but the accumulation of biomass reduce, resulting in yield decrease. Based on the former experiments, the performance of a mixture which contained 40 mg DCPTA and 20 mg CCC as active ingredients per liter of solution, called PCH was tested with applying 40mg/L DCPTA and 20mg/L CCC individually. Grain yield, yield components, internode characters, leaf area per plant, plant height and lodging percent as well as chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, enzymatic antioxidants, membranous peroxide and organic osmolyte were analyzed in two years (2011 and 2012), using maize hybrid, Zhengdan 958 (ZD 958) at density of 6.75 plants m-2. CCC, DCPTA and PCH were sprayed on the whole plant leaves at 7 expanded leaves stage and water was used as control. Compared to control, PCH significantly increased grain yield (by 9.53% and 6.68%) from 2011 to 2012. CCC significantly decreased kernel number per ear (by 6.78% and 5.69%) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) (by 8.57% and 6.55%) from 2011 to 2012. Kernel number per ear and TKW increased in DCPTA-treated and PCH-treated plants, but showed no significant difference between them. In CCC-treated and PCH-treated plants, internode length and plant height decreased, internode diameter increased, resulting in the significant decline of lodging percent. With DCPTA application, internode diameter increased, but internode length and plant height increased at the same time, resulting in the augment of lodging percent. Bending strength and puncture strength were increased by applying different plant growth regulators (PGRs). In PCH-treated plants, bending strength and puncture strength were greater than other treatments. Compared to control, the bending strength of 3rd internode was increased by 14.47% in PCH-treated plants in 2011, increased by 18.40% in 2012, and the difference was significant. Puncture strength of 1st, 3rd and 5th internode was increased by 37.25%, 29.17% and 26.09% in 2011 and 34.04%, 25% and 23.68% in 2012, compared to control. Leaf area and dry weight per plant reduced significantly in CCC-treated plants, increased in DCPTA-treated and PCH-treated plants from 2011 to 2012. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence improved with CCC and DCPTA application. Due to the additive effect of DCPTA and CCC, PCH showed the significant effect on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Compared to control, total enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR) and soluble protein content increased, malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content reduced in PCH-treated plants. The transportation of soluble sugar from leaf to kernel improved significantly at the late silking stage. The research provided the way for the further use of DCPTA and CCC into the production practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Gu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
- The observation experiment station of ministry of agriculture for crop cultivation science in northeast area, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tenglong Xie
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijie Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
- The observation experiment station of ministry of agriculture for crop cultivation science in northeast area, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
- The observation experiment station of ministry of agriculture for crop cultivation science in northeast area, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Ohkawa H, Inui H. Metabolism of agrochemicals and related environmental chemicals based on cytochrome P450s in mammals and plants. Pest Manag Sci 2015; 71:824-8. [PMID: 25077812 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A yeast gene expression system originally established for mammalian cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cDNAs was applied to functional analysis of a number of mammalian and plant P450 species, including 11 human P450 species (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4). The human P450 species CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C18 and CYP2C19 were identified as P450 species metabolising various agrochemicals and environmental chemicals. CYP2C9 and CYP2E1 specifically metabolised sulfonylurea herbicides and halogenated hydrocarbons respectively. Plant P450 species metabolising phenylurea and sulfonylurea herbicides were also identified mainly as the CYP71 family, although CYP76B1, CYP81B1 and CYP81B2 metabolised phenylurea herbicides. The transgenic plants expressing these mammalian and plant P450 species were applied to herbicide tolerance as well as phytoremediation of agrochemical and environmental chemical residues. The combined use of CYP1A1, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 belonging to two families and three subfamilies covered a wide variety of herbicide tolerance and phytoremediation of these residues. The use of 2,4-D-and bromoxynil-induced CYP71AH11 in tobacco seemed to enhance herbicide tolerance and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ohkawa
- Research Centre for Environmental Genomics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Mir-Tutusaus JA, Masís-Mora M, Corcellas C, Eljarrat E, Barceló D, Sarrà M, Caminal G, Vicent T, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Degradation of selected agrochemicals by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Sci Total Environ 2014; 500-501:235-42. [PMID: 25217998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Use of agrochemicals is a worldwide practice that exerts an important effect on the environment; therefore the search of approaches for the elimination of such pollutants should be encouraged. The degradation of the insecticides imiprothrin (IP) and cypermethrin (CP), the insecticide/nematicide carbofuran (CBF) and the antibiotic of agricultural use oxytetracycline (OTC) were assayed with the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Experiments with fungal pellets demonstrated extensive degradation of the four tested agrochemicals, at rates that followed the pattern IP>OTC>CP>CBF. In vitro assays with laccase-mediator systems showed that this extracellular enzyme participates in the transformation of IP but not in the cases of CBF and OTC. On the other hand, in vivo studies with inhibitors of cytochrome P450 revealed that this intracellular system plays an important role in the degradation of IP, OTC and CBF, but not for CP. The compounds 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) were detected as transformation products of CP, as a result of the breakdown of the molecule. Meanwhile, 3-hydroxycarbofuran was detected as a transformation product of CBF; this metabolite tended to accumulate during the process, nonetheless, the toxicity of the system was effectively reduced. Simultaneous degradation of CBF and OTC showed a reduction in toxicity; similarly, when successive additions of OTC were done during the slower degradation of CBF, the fungal pellets were able to degrade both compounds. The simultaneous degradation of the four compounds successfully took place with minimal inhibition of fungal activity and resulted in the reduction of the global toxicity, thus supporting the potential use of T. versicolor for the treatment of diverse agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Anton Mir-Tutusaus
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Cayo Corcellas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sarrà
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Caminal
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC) CSIC. Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicent
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
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Da Silva FR, Kvitko K, Rohr P, Abreu MB, Thiesen FV, Da Silva J. Genotoxic assessment in tobacco farmers at different crop times. Sci Total Environ 2014; 490:334-41. [PMID: 24867698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural workers engaged in tobacco cultivation are constantly exposed to large amounts of pesticides as well as to the nicotine present in raw tobacco leaves. Pesticides have been considered potential chemical mutagens: experimental data revealed that various agrochemicals possess mutagenic properties. Studies have affirmed that nicotine absorbed through the skin results in the characteristic green tobacco sickness (GTS), an occupational illness reported by tobacco workers. This study sought to determine genotoxic effects in farmers occupationally exposed to agrochemicals and nicotine. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 agricultural workers, at different crop times (off-season, during pesticides application and leaf harvest), and 30 were non-exposed. We obtained data on DNA damage detected by the Comet assay and Micronucleus test as biomarker of occupational exposure and effect. The serum cholinesterase level, which in general present relation with exposition to organophosphates and carbamates, as well as serum cotinine level, which is a metabolite of nicotine, were also evaluated. The results showed a significant increase in Damage index and frequency in tobacco farmers compared to the non-exposed group, for all different crop times; and a significant increase in micronucleated cells in the off-season group. No correlation was found between age and exposure time in relation to biomarker tests. The DNA damage was greater in males than in females, but with a significant difference only in off-season group. No difference, in cholinesterase activity, was seen among the group of farmers and non-exposed group. Elevated level of cotinine was observed in leaf harvest group. This investigation suggests increased DNA damage in all tobacco crop stages, calling attention to the significant increase during the off-season and tobacco leaf harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R Da Silva
- Centro Universitário La Salle, Mestrado em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Kátia Kvitko
- Postgraduate Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Rohr
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Marina B Abreu
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontificie University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontificie University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Programme in Genetic and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Chen ZF, Ying GG, Ma YB, Lai HJ, Chen F, Pan CG. Typical azole biocides in biosolid-amended soils and plants following biosolid applications. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:6198-6206. [PMID: 23756711 DOI: 10.1021/jf4013949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biosolid application on agricultural land may contaminate soils with various household chemicals and personal care products. This study investigated the occurrence and dissipation of typical azole biocides climbazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole in biosolid-amended soils as well as the uptake of these biocides by plants. The field trial includes two treatment groups: old groups with biosolid application at rates of 5, 10, 20, and 40 t/ha every year within 5 years, and new groups with only one biosolid application. The results showed that climbazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole were detected in biosolid-amended soils, but not detected in control soils. These biocides were not found in the crop plants collected from the trial plots. The dissipation half-lives for climbazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole under the field conditions were 175-179, 244, and 130-248 days, respectively. High biosolid application rates and repeated biosolid applications could lead to higher persistence of the biocides in the agricultural soils. An exposure model could effectively predict the residual concentrations of climbazole and miconazole in the biosolid-amended soils of the old treatments with different biosolid application rates. Thus, the field trial demonstrated high persistence of these three biocides in the soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Carrasco-Velar R, Prieto-Entenza JO, Antelo-Collado A, Padrón-García JA, Cerruela-García G, Maceo-Pixa ÁL, Alcolea-Núñez R, Silva-Rojas LG. Hybrid reduced graph for SAR studies. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2013; 24:201-214. [PMID: 23439282 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2013.764926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is the definition and evaluation of both atomic and local new hybrid indices. Inspired by the Refractotopological State Index for Atoms, the new atomic indices are theoretically supported by graph theory principles. The local indices, named Descriptor Centres (DCs), are obtained from the sum of the atomic values of the atoms in the selected group. Different classifiers were used for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machines (SVM) and meta-classifiers. Prediction with SVM and MLP was around 60%, but the best result was obtained with the meta-classifiers, bagging, decorate and others, with more than 92% accurate prediction. These new hybrid descriptors derived from the Refractotopological State Index for Atoms show a low mutual correlation coefficient. The same behaviour is found in the analogously defined Descriptors Centres. The best results are obtained with the inclusion of the distance between DCs with the use of meta-classifiers.
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Yuan L, Wu L, Yang C, Lv Q. Effects of iron and zinc foliar applications on rice plants and their grain accumulation and grain nutritional quality. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:254-61. [PMID: 22740351 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foliar sprays of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) fertilisers are known to be an effective way to improve Fe and Zn concentrations in rice grain. However, results can differ significantly among different rice cultivars and/or types of foliar fertiliser. In this study, several Fe-rich rice cultivars were used to identify an effective foliar fertiliser for optimal Fe and Zn enrichment of rice grain. RESULTS Foliar Fe amino acid (Fe-AA) fertiliser significantly improved the Fe concentration in brown rice of most cultivars. Compared with the control, the average Fe concentration in all tested cultivars was increased by 14.5%. The average Fe concentration was increased by 32.5% when 1% (w/v) nicotianamine (NA) was added to Fe-AA, while the average Zn concentration was increased by 42.4% when 0.5% (w/v) ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O was added to Fe-AA. CONCLUSION The results suggested that NA at a suitable concentration added to Fe-AA fertiliser could accelerate Fe accumulation in rice grain. A relatively low concentration of ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O added to Fe-AA significantly increased Fe and Zn accumulation in rice grain. The study identified some useful foliar fertilisers for enhancing the levels of Fe and Zn in selected Fe-rich rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Gentile N, Mañas F, Bosch B, Peralta L, Gorla N, Aiassa D. Micronucleus assay as a biomarker of genotoxicity in the occupational exposure to agrochemicals in rural workers. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2012; 88:816-822. [PMID: 22426815 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the genotoxic effect of agrochemicals in rural workers occupationally exposed by the micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes and to promote the development of health and environmental preventive and protective practices. A total of 30 blood samples from 20 individuals occupationally exposed to different agrochemicals and 10 unexposed persons, who formed the reference group, were analyzed. We found statistically significant differences (p < 0.0005, Student's t Test) in the frequency of micronuclei between the two groups (7.20 ± 1.55 and 15.15 ± 5.10 CBMN for reference and exposed groups respectively). The analysis of age showed a positive correlation (Pearson Correlation Test) with the frequency of micronuclei in exposed population (p < 0.05; r(2) = 0.47), in contrast with smoking habits and years of exposure. Micronucleus assay allows an early detection of populations at higher risk of having genetic damage, allowing us to implement strategies of intervention for the purpose of contributing to reduce that risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gentile
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta 36, KM 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Guglielmi MA, Rocher F, Legros S, Bonnemain JL, Chollet JF. A non-destructive method for testing two components of the behaviour of soil-applied agricultural chemicals over a long period. Pest Manag Sci 2012; 68:897-905. [PMID: 22271588 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the complexity of soil composition, accurate predictions of both apoplastic systemicity of lipophilic xenobiotics and their leaching from the soil are made difficult. Therefore, a non-destructive method to assess directly these two components of the spatial behaviour of soil-applied phytochemicals is needed. RESULTS The plant selected was a dwarf tomato, which can exude an abundant apoplastic fluid through large stomata for several months. The feasibility and reliability of the method were assayed using three triazoles exhibiting different log D values. HPLC-MS analyses indicated that triadimenol (log D = 2.97) was clearly the most mobile compound within the apoplast, especially its diastereoisomer A. Propiconazole (log D = 3.65) and penconazole (log D = 4.64) exhibited a similar low systemicity. The data remained the same when the three fungicides were applied together on the soil. Long time-course studies (1.5 months) of penconazole behaviour indicated that, in contrast to leaching, which decrease sharply, root-to-shoot translocation remained almost unchanged during the whole experiment, in spite of the high lipophilicity of this fungicide. CONCLUSION This method must contribute to a better knowledge of the behaviour of commercial soil-applied phytochemicals. It can also be used to screen new xenobiotics within strategies to satisfy environmental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Guglielmi
- Laboratoire Synthèse et Réactivité des Substances Naturelles, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 6514, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Votselko SK, Iamborko NA, Litvinchuk OA, Dankevitch LA, Shkatula IN. [Biological degradation of sticky-gene compositions in different type soils]. Mikrobiol Z 2012; 74:28-32. [PMID: 22545441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability of native microbial associations from different types of soils to degrade sticky-gene composition which were created on the EPAA basis have been determined. The ecological safety and harmlessness of sticky-gene composition, its slow degradation by soils microorganisms and providing long-term influence (impact) of preparations introduced on plants protection have been shown. The conditions of gray forest and sod podzol soil are the most favorable for the sticky-gene composition degradation. Sticky-gene composition degradation goes slower in sandy soil conditions.
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Mellisho CD, González-Barrio R, Ferreres F, Ortuño MF, Conejero W, Torrecillas A, García-Mina JM, Medina S, Gil-Izquierdo A. Iron deficiency enhances bioactive phenolics in lemon juice. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:2132-2139. [PMID: 21560131 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to describe the phenolic status of lemon juice obtained from fruits of lemon trees differing in iron (Fe) nutritional status. Three types of Fe(III) compound were used in the experiment, namely a synthetic chelate and two complexes derived from natural polymers of humic and lignine nature. RESULTS All three Fe(III) compounds were able to improve the Fe nutritional status of lemon trees, though to different degrees. This Fe(III) compound effect led to changes in the polyphenol content of lemon juice. Total phenolics were decreased (∼33% average decrease) and, in particular, flavanones, flavones and flavonols were affected similarly. CONCLUSION Iron-deficient trees showed higher phenolic contents than Fe(III) compound-treated trees, though Fe deficiency had negative effects on the yield and visual quality of fruits. However, from a human nutritional point of view and owing to the health-beneficial properties of their bioavailable phenolic compounds, the nutritional quality of fruits of Fe-deficient lemon trees in terms of phenolics was higher than that of fruits of Fe(III) compound-treated lemon trees. Moreover, diosmetin-6,8-di-C-glucoside in lemon juice can be used as a marker for correction of Fe deficiency in lemon trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen D Mellisho
- Department of Irrigation, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
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Shimazu S, Inui H, Ohkawa H. Phytomonitoring and phytoremediation of agrochemicals and related compounds based on recombinant cytochrome P450s and aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:2870-2875. [PMID: 20882959 DOI: 10.1021/jf102561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of metabolism and modes of actions of agrochemicals and related compounds are important for understanding selective toxicity, biodegradability, and monitoring of biological effects on nontarget organisms. It is well-known that in mammals, cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) monooxygenases metabolize lipophilic foreign compounds. These P450 species are inducible, and both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are induced by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) combined with a ligand. Gene engineering of P450 and NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (P450 reductase) was established for bioconversion. Also, gene modification of AhRs was developed for recombinant AhR-mediated β-glucronidase (GUS) reporter assay of AhR ligands. Recombinant P450 genes were transformed into plants for phytoremediation, and recombinant AhR-mediated GUS reporter gene expression systems were each transformed into plants for phytomonitoring. Transgenic rice plants carrying CYP2B6 metabolized the herbicide metolachlor and remarkably reduced the residues in the plants and soils under paddy field conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying recombinant guinea pig (g) AhR-mediated GUS reporter genes detected PCB126 at the level of 10 ng/g soils in the presence of biosurfactants MEL-B. Both phytomonitoring and phytoremediation plants were each evaluated from the standpoint of practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Shimazu
- Research Center for Green Science, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292 Japan
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Jiang Y, Bao Y, Pan C. Dissipation of fuphenthiourea residues in rice and field ecosystem after seed soaking application. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2011; 74:445-450. [PMID: 21215451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method with SPE or matrix solid-phase dispersion clean-up procedure on PSA followed by HPLC-DAD was established for determination of fuphenthiourea residues in rice, water and soil. At three concentration levels (0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg kg(-1)), recoveries were in the range of 61.2-82.7%, with a RSD less than 13%. The LOQ of this method was 0.005, 0.02 and 0.01 mg kg(-1) for the water, soil and rice samples, respectively. Fuphenthiourea was applied in supervised field trials at GAP conditions during rice seeding. It was found that under field conditions, the dissipation half-lives of fuphenthiourea were 0.8 d in the water and 24.8 d in the soil. At harvest, no detectable residues (<LOD) were found in the various samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Jiang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Punia D, Khetarpaul N. Physico-chemical characteristics, nutrient composition and consumer acceptability of wheat varieties grown under organic and inorganic farming conditions. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 59:224-45. [PMID: 17852472 DOI: 10.1080/09637480701523249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the investigation was to analyse physico-chemical characteristics, nutrient composition and consumer acceptability of wheat varieties grown under organic and inorganic farming conditions. METHODS The seeds of five varieties of wheat (C-306, WH-283, WH-711, WH-896 and WH-912) grown under organic and inorganic farming conditions were ground in a Junior Mill to pass through 60-mesh sieves and were stored in air-tight containers until use. Standard methods were used to estimate the physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient composition. Consumer acceptability was studied by carrying out the organoleptic evaluation of wheat chapatis, a common item in diets of the Indian population. FINDINGS The results of study revealed that inorganically grown wheat varieties had significantly higher 1,000-grain weight and more grain hardness as compared with organically grown wheat varieties, and a non-significant difference was observed in their gluten content, water absorption capacity and hydration capacity. On average, wheat varieties grown under inorganic conditions contained significantly higher protein and crude fibre content as compared with varieties grown under organic conditions. WH-711 variety had maximum protein content. Protein fractions (i.e. albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin) were significantly higher in varieties grown under inorganic conditions than those of varieties grown under organic conditions. The variety WH-711 had the highest total soluble sugars and variety WH-912 had the highest starch content. Phytic acid and polyphenol contents were significantly higher in inorganically grown wheat varieties as compared with organically grown wheat varieties. The wheat varieties grown under organic conditions had significantly higher protein and starch digestibility than the wheat grown under inorganic conditions. The data revealed that there were significant differences in total calcium and phosphorus contents of wheat varieties grown under organic and inorganic conditions. The extractability of phosphorus and magnesium was significantly higher in wheat varieties grown under inorganic conditions as compared with grown under organic conditions. A significant difference was observed for the total zinc content of wheat varieties grown under organic and inorganic conditions. The total copper and manganese contents were significantly higher in inorganically grown wheat varieties as compared with organically grown wheat varieties. The organoleptic evaluation of chapatti prepared from varieties WH-711 and WH-912 both grown under organic and inorganic conditions showed no significant difference in their sensory attributes for colour, appearance, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS The nutrient composition of both organic and inorganic wheat varieties is comparable and protein digestibility is higher in wheat varieties grown under organic conditions. The people of North India, where wheat is a staple cereal, can therefore be encouraged to use organically grown wheat varieties as they are free from hazardous effects of synthetic pesticides/fertilizers.
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Abstract
The nitrogen stable isotope ratio of biological tissue has been proposed as an indicator of anthropogenic N inputs to aquatic ecosystems, but overlap in the isotopic signatures of various N sources and transformations make definitive attribution of processes difficult. We collected primary consumer invertebrates from streams in agricultural settings in Wisconsin, U.S.A., to evaluate the relative influence of animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, and denitrification on biotic delta15N. Variance in biotic delta15N was explained by inorganic fertilizer inputs and the percentage of wetland land cover in the watershed, but not by animal manure inputs. These results suggest that denitrification of inorganic fertilizer is the primary driver of delta15N variability among the study sites. Comparison with previously collected stream water NO3-N concentrations at the same sites supports the role of denitrification; for a given N application rate, streams with high biotic delta15N had low NO3-N concentrations. The lack of a manure signal in biotic delta15N may be due its high ammonia content, which can be dispersed outside the range of its application by volatilization. Based on our findings and on agricultural census data for the entire United States, inorganic fertilizer is more likely than manure to drive variability in biotic delta15N and to cause excessive nitrogen concentrations in streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Diebel
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 N. Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Tillett T. Climate change and agricultural agents: planning for future interactions. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117:A163. [PMID: 19440484 PMCID: PMC2679631 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.117-a163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Boxall ABA, Hardy A, Beulke S, Boucard T, Burgin L, Falloon PD, Haygarth PM, Hutchinson T, Kovats RS, Leonardi G, Levy LS, Nichols G, Parsons SA, Potts L, Stone D, Topp E, Turley DB, Walsh K, Wellington EMH, Williams RJ. Impacts of climate change on indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals from agriculture. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117:508-14. [PMID: 19440487 PMCID: PMC2679592 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Climate change is likely to affect the nature of pathogens and chemicals in the environment and their fate and transport. Future risks of pathogens and chemicals could therefore be very different from those of today. In this review, we assess the implications of climate change for changes in human exposures to pathogens and chemicals in agricultural systems in the United Kingdom and discuss the subsequent effects on health impacts. DATA SOURCES In this review, we used expert input and considered literature on climate change; health effects resulting from exposure to pathogens and chemicals arising from agriculture; inputs of chemicals and pathogens to agricultural systems; and human exposure pathways for pathogens and chemicals in agricultural systems. DATA SYNTHESIS We established the current evidence base for health effects of chemicals and pathogens in the agricultural environment; determined the potential implications of climate change on chemical and pathogen inputs in agricultural systems; and explored the effects of climate change on environmental transport and fate of different contaminant types. We combined these data to assess the implications of climate change in terms of indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals in agricultural systems. We then developed recommendations on future research and policy changes to manage any adverse increases in risks. CONCLUSIONS Overall, climate change is likely to increase human exposures to agricultural contaminants. The magnitude of the increases will be highly dependent on the contaminant type. Risks from many pathogens and particulate and particle-associated contaminants could increase significantly. These increases in exposure can, however, be managed for the most part through targeted research and policy changes.
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Shim WB, Yakovleva ME, Kim KY, Nam BR, Vylegzhanina ES, Komarov AA, Eremin SA, Chung DH. Development of fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the rapid detection of 6-chloronicotinic acid: main metabolite of neonicotinoid insecticides. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:791-796. [PMID: 19140717 DOI: 10.1021/jf802647v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for the quantitative determination of 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA) using polyclonal antibody was developed. The 6-CNA-protein (bovine serum albumin and soybean trypsin inhibitor) conjugates and fluorescein-labeled 6-CNA derivative (tracer) were prepared and used as the immunogens and tracer, respectively. The synthesized tracer was purified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and showed a good binding to antiserum (73/5) which was obtained from the immunized rabbit (No. 73) with 6-CNA-BSA conjugate. The detection limit (10% inhibition) of FPIA was 4 microg/mL, and IC(50) value was 32 microg/mL. The FPIA showed a cross-reaction for 5-amino-2-chloropyridine (60%), but no cross-reaction for other pesticides was observed. Recoveries for spiked apple, urine, soil, and water samples (5, 50, and 500 ppm) averaging between 78.6 +/- 8.8 and 114 +/- 18% were reasonable and in good agreement with the amounts spiked. Although the developed FPIA possesses low sensitivity, this assay is more simple and quick than other analytical methods, such as high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Thus, the developed FPIA method could be a useful tool for express screening 6-CNA in agricultural, environmental, and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Bo Shim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Gyeongnam, Korea
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 (CYP2B6) is a human CYP isoform found in variable amounts in the liver and other organs. It is known to be inducible and polymorphic and has a wide range of xenobiotic substrates. Studies of CYP2B6 to date have concentrated heavily on clinical drugs. In the present communication, however, we concentrate on its role in the metabolism of environmental xenobiotics. The term environment is used, in its broadest sense, to include natural ecosystems and agroecosystems as well as the industrial and indoor domestic environments. In essence, this excludes only clinical drugs and drugs of abuse. Many of these chemicals, including agrochemicals and industrial chemicals, can serve as substrates, inhibitors and/or inducers of CYP2B6, these activities being often modified by the existence of polymorphic variants. Metabolism-based interactions between environmental chemicals are discussed, as well as the emerging possibility of metabolic interactions between environmental chemicals and clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Hodgson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, NC 27695-7633, USA.
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Chapagain BP, Wiesman Z. Phyto-saponins as a natural adjuvant for delivery of agromaterials through plant cuticle membranes. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:6277-85. [PMID: 16910720 DOI: 10.1021/jf060591y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With growing use of synthetic adjuvants in modern agriculture, their impacts on the environment are being questioned. In a search for an environmentally safe phyto-adjuvant, we have investigated natural glycosidic saponin for delivery of agromaterials through plant cuticle membranes. Four saponin preparations from Quillaja saponaria bark (QE), obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and Balanites aegyptiaca fruit mesocarp (ME), kernel (KE), and root (RE), isolated and characterized in our laboratory, were used for testing the delivery of [14C]-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) across isolated intact astomatous adaxial Citrus grandis leaf cuticle membranes (CMs). The results showed that both Q. saponaria and B. aegyptiaca saponin preparations enhanced delivery of 2,4-D through CMs. Among the saponin preparations, ME exhibited a significantly higher level of delivery of 2,4-D with a concentration effect (2% being the highest). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) characterization of these saponin preparations in aqueous solution clearly demonstrated the formation of nanoscale vesicles. Various possibilities for a natural amphiphatic phyto-saponin as a delivery adjuvant through CMs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P Chapagain
- The Phyto-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Schreiber L. Review of sorption and diffusion of lipophilic molecules in cuticular waxes and the effects of accelerators on solute mobilities. J Exp Bot 2006; 57:2515-23. [PMID: 16882646 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many agrochemicals are applied to the leaf surfaces of crop plants. Systemic chemicals have to penetrate through the cuticle, which forms an effective transport barrier. The barrier properties of cuticles are mainly due to the cuticular waxes deposited as partially crystalline aggregates on the outer surfaces of leaves. Substances increasing the mobilities of agrochemicals in cuticular waxes are called accelerators and it is shown that they act as plasticizers when absorbed by cuticular waxes. They decrease the barrier properties of the waxes and thus increase the mobilities of the agrochemicals through them. In order to analyse the efficiency of different accelerators, the sorption and mobility of both agrochemicals and accelerators within cuticular waxes was measured. Such information was used to establish correlations between the internal concentrations of accelerators and their mobility-enhancing effects on agrochemicals in the cuticle. This, in turn, allowed the determination and comparison of the intrinsic effects of different accelerators and to rationalize the effect of accelerators on the cuticular permeability of agrochemicals. Results describing the sorption (partition coefficients) and mobility (diffusion coefficients) of lipophilic organic molecules in reconstituted cuticular waxes from different plant species, and the effect of two different classes of accelerators (alcohol ethoxylates and n-alkyl esters), on the mobility of organic molecules are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Hirose S, Kawahigashi H, Ozawa K, Shiota N, Inui H, Ohkawa H, Ohkawa Y. Transgenic rice containing human CYP2B6 detoxifies various classes of herbicides. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:3461-3467. [PMID: 15853388 DOI: 10.1021/jf050064z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The human gene for CYP2B6, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that inactivates xenobiotic chemicals, was introduced into Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. At germination, R(1) seeds of transgenic rice plants expressing CYP2B6 (CYP2B6 rice) showed a high tolerance to 5 microM metolachlor, a preemergence herbicide that is degraded by CYP2B6. Thin-layer chromatography after culture with (14)C-labeled metolachlor revealed that the amounts of residual metolachlor decreased in plant tissues and the medium of CYP2B6 rice faster than those of untransformed Nipponbare. CYP2B6 rice plants were able to grow in the presence of 13 out of 17 herbicides: five chloroacetamides and mefenacet, pyributicarb, amiprofos-methyl, trifluralin, pendimethalin, norflurazon, and chlorotoluron. These herbicides differ in their modes of action and chemical structures. Transgenic rice expressing a xenobiotic-degrading human CYP2B6, which has broad substrate specificity, should be good not only for developing herbicide tolerant rice but also for reducing the environmental impact of agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Hirose
- Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
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