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Onyekwelu I, Sharda V. Root proliferation adaptation strategy improved maize productivity in the US Great Plains: Insights from crop simulation model under future climate change. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172205. [PMID: 38599397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Adaptation measures are essential for reducing the impact of future climate risks on agricultural production systems. The present study focuses on implementing an adaptation strategy to mitigate the impact of future climate change on rainfed maize production in the Eastern Kansas River Basin (EKSRB), an important rainfed maize-producing region in the US Great Plains, which faces potential challenges of future climate risks due to a significant east-to-west aridity gradient. We used a calibrated CERES-Maize crop model to evaluate the impacts of baseline climate conditions (1985-2014), late-term future climate scenarios (under the SSP245 emission pathway and CMIP6 models), and a novel root proliferation adaptation strategy on regional maize yield and rainfall productivity. Changes in the plant root system by increasing the root density could lead to yield benefits, especially under drought conditions. Therefore, we modified the governing equation of soil root growth in the CERES-Maize model to reflect the genetic influence of a maize cultivar to improve root density by proliferation. Under baseline conditions, maize yield values ranged from 6522 to 12,849 kgha-1, with a regional average value of 9270 kgha-1. Projections for the late-term scenario indicate a substantial decline in maize yield (36 % to 50 %) and rainfall productivity (25 % to 42 %). Introducing a hypothetical maize cultivar by employing root proliferation as an adaptation strategy resulted in a 27 % increase in regional maize yield, and a 28 % increase in rainfall productivity compared to the reference cultivar without adaptation. We observed an indication of spatial dependency of maize yield and rainfall productivity on the regional precipitation gradient, with counties towards the east having an implicit advantage over those in the west. These findings offer valuable insights for the US Great Plains maize growers and breeders, guiding strategic decisions to adapt rainfed maize production to the region's impending challenges posed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Onyekwelu
- Carl and Melinda Helwig Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Vaishali Sharda
- Carl and Melinda Helwig Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
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Chae HG, Margenot AJ, Jeon JR, Kim MS, Jang KS, Yoon HY, Kim PJ, Lee JG. Linking the humification of organic amendments with size aggregate distribution: Insights into molecular composition using FT-ICR-MS. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172147. [PMID: 38569966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a pivotal role in enhancing physical and biological characteristics of soil. Humic substances constitute a substantial proportion of SOM and their increase can improve crop yields and promote agricultural sustainability. While previous research has primarily assessed the influence that humic acids (HAs) derived from natural water have on soil structure, our study focuses on the impact of HAs on soil aggregation under different fertilizer regimes. During the summer cropping season, maize was cultivated under organic and synthetic fertilizer treatments. The organic fertilizer treatment utilized barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R.) as an organic amendment five days prior to maize planting. The synthetic treatment included a synthetic fertilizer (NPK) applied at South Korea's recommended rates. The organic treatment resulted in significant improvements in the soil aggregates and stability (mean weight diameter, MWD; p < 0.05) compared to the synthetic fertilizer application. These improvements could be primarily attributed to the increased quantity and quality of HAs in the soil derived from the organic amendment. The amount of extracted HAs in the organic treatment was nearly twice that of the synthetic treatment. Additionally, the organic treatment had a 140 % larger MWD and a 40 % increase in total phenolic content compared to the synthetic treatment. The organic treatment also had an increased macronutrient uptake (p < 0.001), an 11 % increase in aboveground maize biomass, and a 21 % increase in grain yield relative to the synthetic treatment. Thus, the enhancement of HA properties through the incorporation of fresh organic manure can both directly and indirectly increase crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Gyeong Chae
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew J Margenot
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jong-Rok Jeon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Digital Omics Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Digital Omics Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Ho Young Yoon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gu Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Liang Z, Xi N, Liu T, Li M, Sang M, Zou C, Chen Z, Yuan G, Pan G, Ma L, Shen Y. A combination of QTL mapping and genome-wide association study revealed the key gene for husk number in maize. Theor Appl Genet 2024; 137:112. [PMID: 38662228 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two key genes Zm00001d021232 and Zm00001d048138 were identified by QTL mapping and GWAS. Additionally, they were verified to be significantly associated with maize husk number (HN) using gene-based association study. As a by-product of maize production, maize husk is an important industrial raw material. Husk layer number (HN) is an important trait that affects the yield of maize husk. However, the genetic mechanism underlying HN remains unclear. Herein, a total of 13 quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling HN were identified in an IBM Syn 10 DH population across different locations. Among these, three QTL were individually repeatedly detected in at least two environments. Meanwhile, 26 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected to be significantly (p < 2.15 × 10-6) associated with HN in an association pool. Of these SNPs, three were simultaneously detected across multiple environments or environments and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). We focused on these environment-stable and population-common genetic loci for excavating the candidate genes responsible for maize HN. Finally, 173 initial candidate genes were identified, of which 22 were involved in both multicellular organism development and single-multicellular organism process and thus confirmed as the candidate genes for HN. Gene-based association analyses revealed that the variants in four genes were significantly (p < 0.01/N) correlated with HN, of which Zm00001d021232 and Zm00001d048138 were highly expressed in husks and early developing ears among different maize tissues. Our study contributes to the understanding of genetic and molecular mechanisms of maize husk yield and industrial development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Na Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Minglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengxiang Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaoying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangsheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Langlang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Yang X, Wang J, Li F, Zhou C, Wu M, Zheng C, Yang L, Li Z, Li Y, Guo S, Song C. RotatedStomataNet: a deep rotated object detection network for directional stomata phenotype analysis. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:126. [PMID: 38652181 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Innovatively, we consider stomatal detection as rotated object detection and provide an end-to-end, batch, rotated, real-time stomatal density and aperture size intelligent detection and identification system, RotatedeStomataNet. Stomata acts as a pathway for air and water vapor in the course of respiration, transpiration, and other gas metabolism, so the stomata phenotype is important for plant growth and development. Intelligent detection of high-throughput stoma is a key issue. Nevertheless, currently available methods usually suffer from detection errors or cumbersome operations when facing densely and unevenly arranged stomata. The proposed RotatedStomataNet innovatively regards stomata detection as rotated object detection, enabling an end-to-end, real-time, and intelligent phenotype analysis of stomata and apertures. The system is constructed based on the Arabidopsis and maize stomatal data sets acquired destructively, and the maize stomatal data set acquired in a non-destructive way, enabling the one-stop automatic collection of phenotypic, such as the location, density, length, and width of stomata and apertures without step-by-step operations. The accuracy of this system to acquire stomata and apertures has been well demonstrated in monocotyledon and dicotyledon, such as Arabidopsis, soybean, wheat, and maize. The experimental results that the prediction results of the method are consistent with those of manual labeling. The test sets, the system code, and their usage are also given ( https://github.com/AITAhenu/RotatedStomataNet ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Theory and Algorithms, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Theory and Algorithms, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Chenglong Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Wuxi, 214400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Theory and Algorithms, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Theory and Algorithms, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Theory and Algorithms, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- The Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
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Gu Y, Zheng H, Li S, Wang W, Guan Z, Li J, Mei N, Hu W. Effects of narrow-wide row planting patterns on canopy photosynthetic characteristics, bending resistance and yield of soybean in maize‒soybean intercropping systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9361. [PMID: 38654091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the improvements in mechanization levels, it is difficult for the traditional intercropping planting patterns to meet the needs of mechanization. In the traditional maize‒soybean intercropping, maize has a shading effect on soybean, which leads to a decrease in soybean photosynthetic capacity and stem bend resistance, resulting in severe lodging, which greatly affects soybean yield. In this study, we investigated the effects of three intercropping ratios (four rows of maize and four rows of soybean; four rows of maize and six rows of soybean; six rows of maize and six rows of soybean) and two planting patterns (narrow-wide row planting pattern of 80-50 cm and uniform-ridges planting pattern of 65 cm) on soybean canopy photosynthesis, stem bending resistance, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and related enzyme activities. Compared with the uniform-ridge planting pattern, the narrow-wide row planting pattern significantly increased the LAI, PAR, light transmittance and compound yield by 6.06%, 2.49%, 5.68% and 5.95%, respectively. The stem bending resistance and cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and PAL, TAL and CAD activities were also significantly increased. Compared with those under the uniform-ridge planting pattern, these values increased by 7.74%, 3.04%, 8.42%, 9.76%, 7.39%, 10.54% and 8.73% respectively. Under the three intercropping ratios, the stem bending resistance, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content and PAL, TAL, and CAD activities in the M4S6 treatment were significantly greater than those in the M4S4 and M6S6 treatments. Compared with the M4S4 treatment, these variables increased by 12.05%, 11.09%, 21.56%, 11.91%, 18.46%, 16.1%, and 16.84%, respectively, and compared with the M6S6 treatment, they increased by 2.06%, 2.53%, 2.78%, 2.98%, 8.81%, 4.59%, and 4.36%, respectively. The D-M4S6 treatment significantly improved the lodging resistance of soybean and weakened the negative impact of intercropping on soybean yield. Therefore, based on the planting pattern of narrow-wide row maize‒soybean intercropping planting pattern, four rows of maize and six rows of soybean were more effective at improving the lodging resistance of soybean in the semiarid region of western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Haoyuan Zheng
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Wantong Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Zheyun Guan
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130124, China
| | - Jizhu Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Nan Mei
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China.
| | - Wenhe Hu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China.
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Murtaza G, Rizwan M, Usman M, Hyder S, Akram MI, Deeb M, Alkahtani J, AlMunqedhi BM, Hendy AS, Ali MR, Iqbal R, Harsonowati W, Habib Ur Rahman M, Rizwan M. Biochar enhances the growth and physiological characteristics of Medicago sativa, Amaranthus caudatus and Zea mays in saline soils. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:304. [PMID: 38644487 PMCID: PMC11034111 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is a promising solution to alleviate the negative impacts of salinity stress on agricultural production. Biochar derived from food waste effect was investigated on three plant species, Medicago sativa, Amaranthus caudatus, and Zea mays, under saline environments. The results showed that biochar improved significantly the height by 30%, fresh weight of shoot by 35% and root by 45% of all three species compared to control (saline soil without biochar adding), as well as enhanced their photosynthetic pigments and enzyme activities in soil. This positive effect varied significantly between the 3 plants highlighting the importance of the plant-biochar interactions. Thus, the application of biochar is a promising solution to enhance the growth, root morphology, and physiological characteristics of plants under salt-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minghang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Akram
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63000, Pakistan
| | - Maha Deeb
- Soils and Substrates, HEPIA, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar M AlMunqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S Hendy
- Department of Computational Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Mohamed R Ali
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Basic Engineering Science Department, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Wiwiek Harsonowati
- Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16915, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Muhammed Habib Ur Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Mebratu A, Wegary D, Teklewold A, Tarekegne A. Testcross performance and combining ability of early-medium maturing quality protein maize inbred lines in Eastern and Southern Africa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9151. [PMID: 38644368 PMCID: PMC11033265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited commercial quality protein maize (QPM) varieties with low grain yield potential are currently grown in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA). This study was conducted to (i) assess the performance of single-cross QPM hybrids that were developed from elite inbred lines using line-by-tester mating design and (ii) estimate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of the QPM inbred lines for grain yield, agronomic and protein quality traits. One hundred and six testcrosses and four checks were evaluated across six environments in ESA during 2015 and 2016. Significant variations (P ≤ 0.01) were observed among environments, genotypes and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for most traits evaluated. Hybrids H80 and H104 were the highest-yielding, most desirable, and stable QPM hybrids. Combining ability analysis showed both additive and non-additive gene effects to be important in the inheritance of grain yield. Additive effects were more important for agronomic and protein quality traits. Inbred lines L19 and L20 depicted desirable GCA effects for grain yield. Various other inbred lines with favorable GCA effects for agronomic traits, endosperm modification, and protein quality traits were identified. These inbred lines could be utilized for breeding desirable QPM cultivars. The QPM hybrids identified in this study could be commercialized after on-farm verification to replace the low-yielding QPM hybrids grown in ESA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisalem Mebratu
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Wolkite University, P.O. Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
| | - Dagne Wegary
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, P.O. Box MP163, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Adefris Teklewold
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, ILRI Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Abstract
Plants bred or engineered to be short can stand up better to windstorms. They could also boost yields and benefit the environment.
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Abaza ASD, Elshamly AMS, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Ditta A. Impact of different sowing dates and irrigation levels on NPK absorption, yield and water use efficiency of maize. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12956. [PMID: 37563236 PMCID: PMC10415405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper Egypt experiences high temperatures during summer and low temperatures during winter, which significantly impacts the sowing dates of maize in this region. The productivity of maize crops and water use efficiency can be greatly affected by water stress and sowing dates (SDs). Therefore, it is crucial to determine the optimal irrigation level and SDs based on local conditions. To assess the effects, two irrigation levels were employed: (1) control (full irrigation water applied) and (2) 70% of irrigation water. Field experiments were conducted at the National Water Research Center's water studies and research complex station in Toshka. The aim was to evaluate two irrigation levels (full and limited irrigation) across five SDs (early: mid-February and March, normal: mid-June, and late: mid-August and September) in both 2019 and 2020, in order to identify the ideal sowing date (SD) and irrigation level. The normal SD resulted in an increased the growth season length between plant emergence and maturity. Conversely, the late SD reduced the number of days until plant maturity, resulting in higher grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE). Notably, the SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation level, yielded the highest productivity and WUE, with a productivity of 7014 kg ha-1 and a WUE of 0. 9 kg m-3. Based on the findings, it is recommended that regions with similar conditions consider cultivating maize seeds in September, adopting a 70% irrigation level, to achieve optimal N uptake, growth traits (plant height, ear length, ear weight, number of rows per ear, and grain index weight), yield, and WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S D Abaza
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman M S Elshamly
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (U), Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Aizaz M, Khan I, Lubna, Asaf S, Bilal S, Jan R, Khan AL, Kim KM, AL-Harrasi A. Enhanced Physiological and Biochemical Performance of Mung Bean and Maize under Saline and Heavy Metal Stress through Application of Endophytic Fungal Strain SL3 and Exogenous IAA. Cells 2023; 12:1960. [PMID: 37566039 PMCID: PMC10417269 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern irrigation practices and industrial pollution can contribute to the simultaneous occurrence of salinity and heavy metal contamination in large areas of the world, resulting in significant negative effects on crop productivity and sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the growth-promoting potentials of an important endophytic fungal strain SL3 and to compare its potential with exogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) in the context of salt and heavy metal stress. The strain was assessed for plant growth-promoting traits such as the production of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellins (GA), and siderophore. We selected two important crops, mung bean and maize, and examined various physiological and biochemical characteristics under 300 mM NaCl and 2.5 mM Pb stress conditions, with and without the application of IAA and SL3. This study's results demonstrated that both IAA and SL3 positively impacted the growth and development of plants under normal and stressed conditions. In NaCl and Pb-induced stress conditions, the growth of mung bean and maize plants was significantly reduced. However, the application of IAA and SL3 helped to alleviate stress, leading to a significant increase in shoot/root length and weight compared to IAA and SL3 non-treated plants. The results revealed that photosynthetic pigments, accumulation of catalase (CAT), phenolic contents, polyphenol oxidase, and flavanols are higher in the IAA and SL3-treated plants than in the non-inoculated plants. This study's findings revealed that applying the SL3 fungal strain positively influenced various physiological and biochemical processes in tested plant species under normal and stress conditions of NaCl and Pb. These findings also suggested that SL3 could be a potential replacement for widely used IAA to promote plant growth by improving photosynthetic efficiency, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing metabolic activities in plants, including mung and maize. Moreover, this study highlights that SL3 has synergistic effects with IAA in enhancing resilience to salt and heavy stress and offers a promising avenue for future agricultural applications in salt and heavy metal-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Lubna
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX 77479, USA;
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ahmed AL-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
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11
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Wang Y, Pang J, Zhang M, Tian Z, Wei T, Jia Z, Ren X, Zhang P. Is adding biochar be better than crop straw for improving soil aggregates stability and organic carbon contents in film mulched fields in semiarid regions? -Evidence of 5-year field experiment. J Environ Manage 2023; 338:117711. [PMID: 36996557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plastic film mulching is used widely to increase crop yields in semiarid areas, but improving the soil fertility in film mulched fields is also important for achieving sustainable high yields in northwest of China. In this study, a completely randomized two-factor field design experiment was conducted in Pengyang, Ningxia, China during 2017-2021. In order to investigate the effects of plastic film mulching with straw/biochar addition on the soil aggregate characteristics, organic carbon content, and maize yield. Six treatments were established as follows: control (C), straw (S), biochar (B), plastic film mulching (F), plastic film mulching with added straw (FS) or biochar (FB). After 5 years of continuous production, each straw and biochar addition treatments significantly improved the soil aggregate distribution and stability, and the average aggregate content >0.25 mm increased significantly by 47.32%. Compared with the treatments without plastic film mulching, the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the soil particles increased by 9.19% and 4.15%, respectively, under the plastic film mulching treatments. The organic carbon content of the 0-60 cm soil layer increased significantly under each straw and biochar addition treatment compared with the without straw. The aggregate organic carbon contents under each treatment increased as the aggregate particle size increased, where the straw and biochar addition treatments significantly increased the organic carbon content of the aggregates, whereas the contents decreased under the plastic film mulching treatments. The contributions of the soil aggregates >0.25 mm to the organic carbon contents of the 0-60 cm soil layer were significantly higher under FS (37.63%) and FB (56.45%) than F. Structural equation modeling showed that straw/biochar added, plastic film mulching, and a greater soil organic carbon content could significantly promote yield increases, where the straw and biochar addition treatments significantly increased the average maize by 14.6% on average. In conclusion, carbon input as straw, especially biochar, had a positive effect on improving the soil organic carbon content and maize yield under plastic film mulching farmland in a semiarid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinwen Pang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhonghong Tian
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhikuan Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Flores-Hernández LA, Castillo-González F, Vázquez-Carrillo MG, Livera-Muñoz M, Benítez-Riquelme I, Nieto-Sotelo J, Ramírez-Hernández A. Composition and Flowering Quality of Cacahuacintle Maize Populations from the High Valleys of Mexico. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2023; 78:351-357. [PMID: 37145379 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cacahuacintle is one of the maize types with great demand for pozole preparation; however, little is known about the variation in chemical composition and flowered grain quality among populations. Physicochemical characteristics, flowered grain quality, pasting properties, and starch microstructure were evaluated in 33 populations of Cacahuacintle maize collected in Valles Altos, Mexico. The seeds samples of corn were obtained in 2017 from local farmers in the states of Mexico, Puebla, and Tlaxcala. Results were analyzed under a completely randomized design, and the ANOVA, Tukey test, and principal components were obtained. The ANOVA showed significance (p ≤ 0.05) in 18 of the 22 variables evaluated. The TE-6, AM-7, and CA-6 populations were outstanding for the good quality of their protein, pasting viscosity, and flowered grain quality. Nine populations collected in Calimaya, estate of Mexico, and Serdan Valley, state of Puebla, presented excellent physical, pasting, and flowery grain characteristics, with reduced protein content and lysine and tryptophan values typical of maize with normal endosperm. The softness of the endosperm grain, starch microstructural, and pasting characteristics of Cacahuacintle maize populations have a fundamental role in reducing the time and increasing the flowered grain volume, properties that were different from those observed in the Chalqueño, included as dent maize check. Variations in grain quality among Cacahuacintle maize populations is an important genetic resource for the improvement of the nutritional and flowering quality of Cacahuacintle maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Flores-Hernández
- Postgrado de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo. Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. de México, 56230, México
| | - Fernando Castillo-González
- Postgrado de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo. Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. de México, 56230, México
| | - María Gricelda Vázquez-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Maíz, , Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Valle de México. Km. 13.5 Carretera Los Reyes-Texcoco, Coatlinchán, Texcoco, Estado de, 56250, México.
| | - Manuel Livera-Muñoz
- Postgrado de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo. Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. de México, 56230, México
| | - Ignacio Benítez-Riquelme
- Postgrado de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo. Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. de México, 56230, México
| | - Jorge Nieto-Sotelo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Antonio Ramírez-Hernández
- Postgrado de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo. Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco, Edo. de México, 56230, México
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13
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Recek N, Zaplotnik R, Vesel A, Primc G, Gselman P, Mozetič M, Holc M. Germination and Growth of Plasma-Treated Maize Seeds Planted in Fields and Exposed to Realistic Environmental Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6868. [PMID: 37047840 PMCID: PMC10094815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we applied an inductively coupled, radio frequency oxygen plasma to maize seeds and investigated its effects on seedling emergence, plant number at tasseling, and crop yield of maize in realistic field conditions. Maize seeds of seven different hybrids were treated over two harvest years. In addition to plasma-treated seeds, a control sample, fungicide-treated seeds, an eco-layer, and a plasma and eco-layer combination, were planted. Seedling emergence, plant number at tasseling (plants/m2), and yield (kg/ha), were recorded. In the first harvest year, results were negatively affected by the presence of an insect pest. In the second harvest year, plant number and yield results were more uniform. In both years, for two and three hybrids, respectively, the highest yield arose from plants from plasma-treated seeds, but the differences were only partially significant. Considering our results, plasma treatment of maize seeds appears to have a positive effect on the yield of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Recek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Zaplotnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Primc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Miran Mozetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Holc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Epule TE, Chehbouni A, Dhiba D, Etongo D, Achli S, Salih W, Er-Raki S. Identifying gaps in actual and simulated/potential yield and growing season precipitation in Morocco. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:84844-84860. [PMID: 35788488 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of growing season rainfall on agricultural production is indisputable. In Morocco, the production of crops such as barley, maize, and wheat is impacted by growing season rainfall. Due to persistent gaps in growing season rainfall and other drivers of crop yield, crops have experienced observed yields that are often below projected or potential yields. However, there are currently no studies that have quantified these gaps in yield and growing season rainfall in Morocco. To achieve this objective, time-series crop yield for all three crops and growing season rainfall data for the period 1991-2020 were collected from FAOSTAT and the World Bank climate portal, respectively. Growing season rainfall and crop yield data for the spatial variations were culled from System National de Suivi Agrometeorologique (GCMS) and the yield gaps atlas, respectively, for the same historical period. The data were subjected to bias correction to handle uncertainty. The projected/simulated crop yields and growing season rainfall were computed by regression analysis. Crop yield and growing season rainfall gaps were determined by establishing the difference between the projected and observed crop yields and rainfall data. The results show that observed and simulated wheat have a stronger relationship when compared to the other crops. Also, most years with crop yield gaps are associated with growing season rainfall gaps. Wheat records the lowest number of years with yield gaps and the highest number of years with growing season rainfall gaps during the entire data series. Therefore, even though yield gaps are strongly tied to growing season rainfall gaps, it is not the case for wheat, and therefore other drivers might be important because wheat has the lowest number of years with crop yield gaps and the highest number of years with growing season rainfall gaps. Spatially, yield and growing season rainfall gaps decline with increased latitude. The broader perspective and policy implication here is that a better understanding of yield and growing season rainfall gaps mandates an understanding of growing season rainfall and other drivers of yield. As a way forward, potential research should focus on identifying the drivers of yield gaps, sub-national experimentation at the plot level as well as on closing yield gaps through water and nutrient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Epule Epule
- International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Abdelghani Chehbouni
- International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Centre for Remote Sensing Applications (CRSA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Driss Dhiba
- International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Daniel Etongo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Seychelles
| | - Soumia Achli
- International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Wiam Salih
- International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Salah Er-Raki
- Centre for Remote Sensing Applications (CRSA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- ProcEDE /AgroBiotech Center, Département de Physique Appliquée, Faculté Des Sciences Et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
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15
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Yang B, Wang J, Yu M, Zhang M, Zhong Y, Wang T, Liu P, Song W, Zhao H, Fastner A, Suter M, Rentsch D, Ludewig U, Jin W, Geiger D, Hedrich R, Braun DM, Koch KE, McCarty DR, Wu WH, Li X, Wang Y, Lai J. The sugar transporter ZmSUGCAR1 of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family is critical for maize grain filling. Plant Cell 2022; 34:4232-4254. [PMID: 36047828 PMCID: PMC9614462 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal-to-filial nutrition transfer is central to grain development and yield. nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NRT1-PTR)-type transporters typically transport nitrate, peptides, and ions. Here, we report the identification of a maize (Zea mays) NRT1-PTR-type transporter that transports sucrose and glucose. The activity of this sugar transporter, named Sucrose and Glucose Carrier 1 (SUGCAR1), was systematically verified by tracer-labeled sugar uptake and serial electrophysiological studies including two-electrode voltage-clamp, non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation assays in Xenopus laevis oocytes and patch clamping in HEK293T cells. ZmSUGCAR1 is specifically expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer and loss-of-function mutation of ZmSUGCAR1 caused significantly decreased sucrose and glucose contents and subsequent shrinkage of maize kernels. Notably, the ZmSUGCAR1 orthologs SbSUGCAR1 (from Sorghum bicolor) and TaSUGCAR1 (from Triticum aestivum) displayed similar sugar transport activities in oocytes, supporting the functional conservation of SUGCAR1 in closely related cereal species. Thus, the discovery of ZmSUGCAR1 uncovers a type of sugar transporter essential for grain development and opens potential avenues for genetic improvement of seed-filling and yield in maize and other grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions (MOE), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Astrid Fastner
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Suter
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Doris Rentsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Weiwei Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Karen E Koch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions (MOE), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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Li M, Zheng Y, Cui D, Du Y, Zhang D, Sun W, Du H, Zhang Z. GIF1 controls ear inflorescence architecture and floral development by regulating key genes in hormone biosynthesis and meristem determinacy in maize. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:127. [PMID: 35303806 PMCID: PMC8932133 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflorescence architecture and floral development in flowering plants are determined by genetic control of meristem identity, determinacy, and maintenance. The ear inflorescence meristem in maize (Zea mays) initiates short branch meristems called spikelet pair meristems, thus unlike the tassel inflorescence, the ears lack long branches. Maize growth-regulating factor (GRF)-interacting factor1 (GIF1) regulates branching and size of meristems in the tassel inflorescence by binding to Unbranched3. However, the regulatory pathway of gif1 in ear meristems is relatively unknown. RESULT In this study, we found that loss-of-function gif1 mutants had highly branched ears, and these extra branches repeatedly produce more branches and florets with unfused carpels and an indeterminate floral apex. In addition, GIF1 interacted in vivo with nine GRFs, subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, and hormone biosynthesis-related proteins. Furthermore, key meristem-determinacy gene RAMOSA2 (RA2) and CLAVATA signaling-related gene CLV3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (ESR) 4a (CLE4a) were directly bound and regulated by GIF1 in the ear inflorescence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GIF1 working together with GRFs recruits SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling ATPases to influence DNA accessibility in the regions that contain genes involved in hormone biosynthesis, meristem identity and determinacy, thus driving the fate of axillary meristems and floral organ primordia in the ear-inflorescence of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewei Du
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Dotaniya CK, Lakaria BL, Sharma Y, Meena BP, Aher SB, Shirale AO, Gurav Pandurang P, Dotaniya ML, Biswas AK, Patra AK, Yadav SR, Reager ML, Sanwal RC, Doutaniya RK, Lata M. Performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in maize-chickpea sequence under various integrated nutrient modules in a Vertisol of Central India. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262652. [PMID: 35176054 PMCID: PMC8853586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Present investigation was conducted at the Research Farm of Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal during 2017–18 and 2018–19 to study the performance of chickpea crop under various nutrient management modules in a Vertisol. The field experiment was set up in a randomized block design with three replications of twelve different INM modules. During the rabi seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19, the chickpea (cv. JG-315) was grown with a set of treatments. The crop’s performance was evaluated in terms of growth, yield (grain and straw), nutritional content, and nutrient uptake under different treatments. At crop harvest, the physic-chemical characteristics of the soil were also evaluated. Finally, the relationship between the numerous examined parameters was determined. The results showed that integrated nutrient management modules had a positive impact on chickpea crop performance and productivity when compared to using only inorganic fertilizer. The INM modules dramatically increased soil organic carbon and improved soil health in terms of physical and chemical qualities, in addition to higher crop performance. Among the various modules, (1) application of 75% STCR dose + FYM @ 5t ha-1to maize followed by 100% P only to chickpea and (2) application of FYM @ 20t ha-1to maize followed by FYM @ 5t ha-1 to chickpea increased the productivity and nutrient uptake in chickpea, improved soil physico-chemical properties and reflected as viable technique in improving soil nutrient availability on sustainable basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Kumar Dotaniya
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India
| | - Brij Lal Lakaria
- Divison of Soil Chemistry & Fertility, ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal, India
- * E-mail: (BLL); (RKD); (MLD)
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India
| | - Bharat Prakash Meena
- Divison of Soil Chemistry & Fertility, ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Abhay Omprakash Shirale
- Divison of Soil Chemistry & Fertility, ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal, India
| | - Priya Gurav Pandurang
- Divison of Soil Chemistry & Fertility, ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal, India
| | - Mohan Lal Dotaniya
- Crop Production Unit, ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur, India
- * E-mail: (BLL); (RKD); (MLD)
| | - Ashis Kumar Biswas
- Divison of Soil Chemistry & Fertility, ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patra
- Divison of Soil Chemistry & Fertility, ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal, India
| | - Shish Ram Yadav
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India
| | - Madan Lal Reager
- Department of Agronomy, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Sanwal
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Doutaniya
- Department of Agronomy, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- * E-mail: (BLL); (RKD); (MLD)
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18
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Li H, Luo L, Tang B, Guo H, Cao Z, Zeng Q, Chen S, Chen Z. Dynamic changes of rhizosphere soil bacterial community and nutrients in cadmium polluted soils with soybean-corn intercropping. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:57. [PMID: 35168566 PMCID: PMC8845239 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean-corn intercropping is widely practised by farmers in Southwest China. Although rhizosphere microorganisms are important in nutrient cycling processes, the differences in rhizosphere microbial communities between intercropped soybean and corn and their monoculture are poorly known. Additionally, the effects of cadmium (Cd) pollution on these differences have not been examined. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Cd-polluted soil to determine the effects of monocultures and soybean-corn intercropping systems on Cd concentrations in plants, on rhizosphere bacterial communities, soil nutrients and Cd availability. Plants and soils were examined five times in the growing season, and Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was used to analyze the rhizosphere bacterial communities. RESULTS Intercropping did not alter Cd concentrations in corn and soybean, but changed soil available Cd (ACd) concentrations and caused different effects in the rhizosphere soils of the two crop species. However, there was little difference in bacterial community diversity for the same crop species under the two planting modes. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the soybean and corn rhizospheres. In ecological networks of bacterial communities, intercropping soybean (IS) had more module hubs and connectors, whereas intercropped corn (IC) had fewer module hubs and connectors than those of corresponding monoculture crops. Soil organic matter (SOM) was the key factor affecting soybean rhizosphere bacterial communities, whereas available nutrients (N, P, K) were the key factors affecting those in corn rhizosphere. During the cropping season, the concentration of soil available phosphorus (AP) in the intercropped soybean-corn was significantly higher than that in corresponding monocultures. In addition, the soil available potassium (AK) concentration was higher in intercropped soybean than that in monocropped soybean. CONCLUSIONS Intercropped soybean-corn lead to an increase in the AP concentration during the growing season, and although crop absorption of Cd was not affected in the Cd-contaminated soil, soil ACd concentration was affected. Intercropped soybean-corn also affected the soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Thus, intercropped soybean-corn was a key factor in determining changes in microbial community composition and networks. These results provide a basic ecological framework for soil microbial function in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Luyun Luo
- Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bin Tang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Huanle Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhongyang Cao
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.
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19
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Ma J, Wang W, Yang J, Qin S, Yang Y, Sun C, Pei G, Zeeshan M, Liao H, Liu L, Huang J. Mycorrhizal symbiosis promotes the nutrient content accumulation and affects the root exudates in maize. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:64. [PMID: 35123400 PMCID: PMC8817564 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of important symbiotic microorganisms found in ecosystems. Maize is the second most produced food crop globally. To investigate the mechanisms by which mycorrhizal symbiosis improves maize yields, the effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on root vigor, nutrient accumulation in various tissues, and root exudates were investigated. We propose the following hypothesis: The secretion of organic acids in root exudates has antagonistic or synergistic effects, which are related to the rhizosphere environment. AMF symbiosis will enhance this effect. RESULT Rhizophagus aggreatus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Funneliformis mosseae were used to inoculate maize plants separately; meanwhile, maize was inoculated with the above three fungi together for another processing. The plant tissues were sampled at five growth stages: V12 (twelve-leaf), VT (Tassel), R1 (Silking), R2 (Blister), and R4 (Dough stage). The root vigor, and nutrient content in different maize organs and organic acids in root exudates were determined in these stages. The results show that mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly improved the root vigor of maize, especially for plants inoculated with F. mosseae. AMF symbiosis significantly increased N, P, and K accumulation. Mixed inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly promoted the accumulation of N and K in maize. P accumulation was significantly promoted by C. etunicatum inoculation. Mycorrhizal symbiosis reduced the levels of protocatechuic, vanillic, citric, and ferulic acid in maize root exudates and increased the levels of p-hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acid. Except for syringic, chlorogenic and succinic acid, the levels of other organic acids in root exudates were higher in plants inoculated with F. mosseae than in other treatments. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that mycorrhizal symbiosis improves root vigor and promotes nutrient accumulation at various sites; in addition, mycorrhizal symbiosis affects the content of organic acids in root exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Ma
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Juan Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Shengfeng Qin
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Yisen Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Gen Pei
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Honglin Liao
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Jinghua Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
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20
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Yang H, Nukunya K, Ding Q, Thompson BE. Tissue-specific transcriptomics reveal functional differences in floral development. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:1158-1173. [PMID: 34865134 PMCID: PMC8825454 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are produced by floral meristems, groups of stem cells that give rise to floral organs. In grasses, including the major cereal crops, flowers (florets) are contained in spikelets, which contain one to many florets, depending on the species. Importantly, not all grass florets are developmentally equivalent, and one or more florets are often sterile or abort in each spikelet. Members of the Andropogoneae tribe, including maize (Zea mays), produce spikelets with two florets; the upper and lower florets are usually dimorphic, and the lower floret is greatly reduced compared to the upper floret. In maize ears, early development appears identical in both florets but the lower floret ultimately aborts. To gain insight into the functional differences between florets with different fates, we used laser capture microdissection coupled with RNA-sequencing to globally examine gene expression in upper and lower floral meristems in maize. Differentially expressed genes were involved in hormone regulation, cell wall, sugar, and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, cell wall modifications and sugar accumulation differed between the upper and lower florets. Finally, we identified a boundary domain between upper and lower florets, which we hypothesize is important for floral meristem activity. We propose a model in which growth is suppressed in the lower floret by limiting sugar availability and upregulating genes involved in growth repression. This growth repression module may also regulate floret fertility in other grasses and potentially be modulated to engineer more productive cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Kate Nukunya
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Queying Ding
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Beth E Thompson
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
- Author for communication:
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21
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Diepenbrock CH, Tang T, Jines M, Technow F, Lira S, Podlich D, Cooper M, Messina C. Can we harness digital technologies and physiology to hasten genetic gain in US maize breeding? Plant Physiol 2022; 188:1141-1157. [PMID: 34791474 PMCID: PMC8825268 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant physiology can offer invaluable insights to accelerate genetic gain. However, translating physiological understanding into breeding decisions has been an ongoing and complex endeavor. Here we demonstrate an approach to leverage physiology and genomics to hasten crop improvement. A half-diallel maize (Zea mays) experiment resulting from crossing 9 elite inbreds was conducted at 17 locations in the USA corn belt and 6 locations at managed stress environments between 2017 and 2019 covering a range of water environments from 377 to 760 mm of evapotranspiration and family mean yields from 542 to 1,874 g m-2. Results from analyses of 35 families and 2,367 hybrids using crop growth models linked to whole-genome prediction (CGM-WGP) demonstrated that CGM-WGP offered a predictive accuracy advantage compared to BayesA for untested genotypes evaluated in untested environments (r = 0.43 versus r = 0.27). In contrast to WGP, CGMs can deal effectively with time-dependent interactions between a physiological process and the environment. To facilitate the selection/identification of traits for modeling yield, an algorithmic approach was introduced. The method was able to identify 4 out of 12 candidate traits known to explain yield variation in maize. The estimation of allelic and physiological values for each genotype using the CGM created in silico phenotypes (e.g. root elongation) and physiological hypotheses that could be tested within the breeding program in an iterative manner. Overall, the approach and results suggest a promising future to fully harness digital technologies, gap analysis, and physiological knowledge to hasten genetic gain by improving predictive skill and definition of breeding goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Tang
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa 50131, USA
| | - Michael Jines
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Windfall, Indiana 46076, USA
| | - Frank Technow
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Tavistock, ON N4S 7W1, Canada
| | - Sara Lira
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa 50131, USA
| | - Dean Podlich
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa 50131, USA
| | - Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Carlos Messina
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa 50131, USA
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22
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Ichami SM, Karuku GN, Sila AM, Ayuke FO, Shepherd KD. Spatial approach for diagnosis of yield-limiting nutrients in smallholder agroecosystem landscape using population-based farm survey data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262754. [PMID: 35108304 PMCID: PMC8809601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adept use of fertilizers is critical if sustainable development goal two of zero hunger and agroecosystem resilience are to be achieved for African smallholder agroecosystems. These heterogeneous systems are characterized by poor soil health mainly attributed to soil nutrient depletion. However, conventional methods do not take into account spatial patterns across geographies within agroecosystems, which poses great challenges for targeted interventions of nutrient management. This study aimed to develop a novel population-based farm survey approach for diagnosing soil nutrient deficiencies. The approach embraces principles of land health surveillance of problem definition and rigorous sampling scheme. The advent of rapid soil testing techniques, like infrared spectroscopy, offers opportune avenues for high-density soil and plant characterization. A farm survey was conducted on 64 maize fields, to collect data on soil and plant tissue nutrient concentration and grain yield (GY) for maize crops, using hierarchical and purposive sampling. Correlations between soil test values with GY and biomass were established. The relationship between GY, soil NPK, and the tissue nutrient concentrations was evaluated to guide the setting up of localized critical soil test values. Diagnosis Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) indices for total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), and total potassium (K) were used to rank and map the prevalence of nutrient limitations. A positive correlation existed between plant tissue nutrient concentration with GY with R2 values of 0.089, 0.033, and 0.001 for NPK, respectively. Soil test cut-off values were 0.01%, 12 mg kg-1, 4.5 cmolc kg-1 for NPK, respectively, which varied slightly from established soil critical values for soil nutrient diagnostics. N and K were the most limiting nutrients for maize production in 67% of sampled fields. The study demonstrates that a population-based farm survey of crop fields can be a useful tool in nutrient diagnostics and setting priorities for site-specific fertilizer recommendations. A larger-scale application of the approach is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Ichami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT-Kenya), Nairobi, Kenya
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherland
- Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - George N. Karuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andrew M. Sila
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick O. Ayuke
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya
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23
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Dai X, Tu X, Du B, Dong P, Sun S, Wang X, Sun J, Li G, Lu T, Zhong S, Li P. Chromatin and regulatory differentiation between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in maize. Plant J 2022; 109:675-692. [PMID: 34783109 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C4 plants partition photosynthesis enzymes between the bundle sheath (BS) and the mesophyll (M) cells for the better delivery of CO2 to RuBisCO and to reduce photorespiration. To better understand how C4 photosynthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level, we performed RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and Bisulfite-seq (BS-seq) on BS and M cells isolated from maize leaves. By integrating differentially expressed genes with chromatin features, we found that chromatin accessibility coordinates with epigenetic features, especially H3K27me3 modification and CHH methylation, to regulate cell type-preferentially enriched gene expression. Not only the chromatin-accessible regions (ACRs) proximal to the genes (pACRs) but also the distal ACRs (dACRs) are determinants of cell type-preferentially enriched expression. We further identified cell type-preferentially enriched motifs, e.g. AAAG for BS cells and TGACC/T for M cells, and determined their corresponding transcription factors: DOFs and WRKYs. The complex interaction between cis and trans factors in the preferential expression of C4 genes was also observed. Interestingly, cell type-preferentially enriched gene expression can be fine-tuned by the coordination of multiple chromatin features. Such coordination may be critical in ensuring the cell type-specific function of key C4 genes. Based on the observed cell type-preferentially enriched expression pattern and coordinated chromatin features, we predicted a set of functionally unknown genes, e.g. Zm00001d042050 and Zm00001d040659, to be potential key C4 genes. Our findings provide deep insight into the architectures associated with C4 gene expression and could serve as a valuable resource to further identify the regulatory mechanisms present in C4 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baijuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Pengfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shilei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xianglan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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Yuan C, Wang S, Lu D. Fertilization time of slow-release fertilizer affects the physicochemical properties of starch from spring-sown waxy maize. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1012-1020. [PMID: 34312861 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow-release fertilizer is widely used in cereal crop production because it is ecofriendly and laborsaving. Effects of different application stages (zero-, three-, and six-leaf stages, denoted as SN0, SN3, and SN6, respectively) of slow-release (N/P2 O5 /K2 O = 225/75/75 kg ha-1 ) fertilizer on physicochemical properties of starch from spring-sown waxy maize were investigated in 2018 and 2019. Application of traditional fertilizer (NCK, compound fertilizer; N/P2 O5 /K2 O = 75/75/75 kg ha-1 ) at sowing time and urea (N = 150 kg ha-1 ) at six-leaf stage was designated as the control. RESULTS In comparison to the NCK, SN0 reduced grain starch content by 4.9%. Meanwhile, SN3 and SN6 did not affect this parameter. Nevertheless, all treatments, particularly SN6, increased average starch granule size. The slow-release fertilizer reduced proportion of chains with degree of polymerization (DP) > 24. Relative to NCK, SN6 increased starch crystallinity in both years, whereas SN0 and SN3 increased it in 2018 but reduced it in 2019. SN0 reduced peak, trough, and final viscosities, whereas SN3 and SN6 produced similar starch viscosities to those produced by NCK. No fertilizer mode affected gelatinization parameters, but SN6 produced a low retrogradation percentage. In comparison to data for 2018, starch produced in 2019 showed a small granule size, and a high proportion of short amylopectin chains. These properties endowed starch with high viscosity and low retrogradation percentage. CONCLUSION In spring-sown waxy maize production, applying slow-release fertilizer at the six-leaf stage produced starch with high viscosity and low retrogradation tendency by enlarging granule size, increasing crystallinity, and reducing the proportion of long chains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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25
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Lu J, Ma L, Hu T, Geng C, Yan S. Deficit drip irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast improves water- use efficiency and grain yield of summer maize. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:653-663. [PMID: 34146410 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited and erratic precipitation with inefficient irrigation scheduling often leads to an unstable crop yield and low water-use efficiency (WUE) in semi-arid and semi-humid regions. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three irrigation strategies (conventional irrigation (CK), full-drip irrigation (FI), based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast, and deficit drip irrigation (DI) (75% FI)) on photosynthetic characteristics, leaf-to-air temperature difference (∆T), grain yield, and the WUE of summer maize. RESULTS The results showed that the daily average net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of DI and FI increased by 25.4% and 25.8% at jointing stage in 2018, and 26.3% and 26.5% at grain-filling stage in 2019 compared with CK, respectively. At jointing stage in 2018 and grain-filling stage in 2019, the transpiration rate (Tr) of DI was significantly lower than that of FI (P < 0.05) but there was insignificant difference in Pn value (P > 0.05). The ∆T between 12:00-14:00 of DI and FI was significantly lower than that of CK at jointing stage in 2018 and grain-filling stage in 2019 (P < 0.05). The 2-year average grain yields of DI and FI were 11.4 and 11.5 t ha-1 , which increased by 32.4% and 32.8% compared with CK, respectively. The WUE of DI was 2.82 kg m-3 , which was 17.9% and 33.8% higher than that of FI and CK, respectively. CONCLUSION Deficit drip irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast improves crop WUE and maintains high grain yields in semi-arid and semi-humid regions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lihui Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenming Geng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shicheng Yan
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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26
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Hirata Sanches V, Adams C, Ferreira FF. An integrated model to study varietal diversity in traditional agroecosystems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263064. [PMID: 35089959 PMCID: PMC8797245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural diversity is one of the bases of traditional agroecosystems, having great environmental and cultural importance. The current loss of agricultural diversity is causing serious concern, mainly because of its essential role in supporting global and local food security. Stopping this loss requires a better understanding of how diversity is managed locally and what mechanisms sustain agricultural diversity. Here we propose a generalist agent-based model that couples biological, cultural, and social dynamics to obtain varietal diversity as an emergent phenomenon at the community level. With a mechanistic approach, we explore how four of the model dynamics can shape systems diversity. To validate the model, we performed a bibliographic review on Manihot esculenta and Zea mays case studies. The model yielded compatible results for manioc and maize varietal richness at both community and household levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Hirata Sanches
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Adams
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Energy and Environment, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fagundes Ferreira
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physics-FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Zhang N, Qu Y, Song Z, Chen Y, Jiang J. Responses and sensitivities of maize phenology to climate change from 1971 to 2020 in Henan Province, China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262289. [PMID: 35077494 PMCID: PMC8789130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects many aspects of the physiological and biochemical processes of growing maize and ultimately its yield. A comprehensive climate suitability model is proposed that quantifies the effects of temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and wind in different phenological stages of maize. It is calibrated using weather and yield data from China's Henan Province. The comprehensive suitability model showed the capability of correctly hindcasting observed temporal and spatial changes in maize phenology in response to climatic factors. The predicted yield based on the suitability model can well match the recorded field yield very well from 1971-2020. The results of correlation showed that the yields are more closely related to multi-weather factors, temperature and precipitation than to solar radiation and wind. The sensitivity analysis illustrates that temperature and precipitation are the dominant weather factors affecting yield changes based on a direct differentiation method. The comprehensive suitability model can provide a scientific support and analysis tool for predicting grain production considering climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Zhizhong Song
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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28
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Zi X, Zhou S, Wu B. Alpha-Linolenic Acid Mediates Diverse Drought Responses in Maize ( Zea mays L.) at Seedling and Flowering Stages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030771. [PMID: 35164035 PMCID: PMC8839722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water shortage caused by long-term drought is one of the most serious abiotic stress factors in maize. Different drought conditions lead to differences in growth, development, and metabolism of maize. In previous studies, proteomics and genomics methods have been widely used to explain the response mechanism of maize to long-term drought, but there are only a few articles related to metabolomics. In this study, we used transcriptome and metabolomics analysis to characterize the differential effects of drought stress imposed at seedling or flowering stages on maize. Through the association analysis of genes and metabolites, we found that maize leaves had 61 and 54 enriched pathways under seedling drought and flowering drought, respectively, of which 13 and 11 were significant key pathways, mostly related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenylpropanes, glutathione metabolism and purine metabolism. Interestingly, we found that the α-linolenic acid metabolic pathway differed significantly between the two treatments, and a total of 10 differentially expressed genes and five differentially abundant metabolites have been identified in this pathway. Some differential accumulation of metabolites (DAMs) was related to synthesis of jasmonic acid, which may be one of the key pathways underpinning maize response to different types of long-term drought. In general, metabolomics provides a new method for the study of water stress in maize and lays a theoretical foundation for drought-resistant cultivation of silage maize.
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29
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Xie L, Wen D, Wu C, Zhang C. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of internode development affecting maize stalk strength. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:49. [PMID: 35073838 PMCID: PMC8785456 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stalk rind is one of the important factors affecting maize stalk strength that is closely related to stalk lodging. However, the mechanism of rind development in maize is still largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the mechanical, anatomical, and biochemical properties of the third basal internode in one maize non-stiff-stalk (NSS) line and two stiff-stalk (SS) lines. Compared with the NSS line, the two SS lines had a significantly higher rind penetrometer resistance, thicker rind, and higher dry matter, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin weights per unit length. RNA-seq analysis was used to compare transcriptomes of the third basal internode of the two SS lines and the NSS line at the ninth leaf and tasseling stages. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in hydrolase activity (hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds) and cytoskeleton organization were significantly up-regulated in the two SS lines at the ninth leaf stage and that microtubule process-related genes were significantly up-regulated in the two SS lines at the tasseling stage. Moreover, the two SS lines had enhanced expression of cell wall metabolism-related genes at the tasseling stage. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and the cytoskeleton might play important roles in internode development. Our results can be applied for screening lodging-resistant inbred lines and breeding lodging-resistant cultivars in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018 P. R. China
| | - Daxing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018 P. R. China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018 P. R. China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018 P. R. China
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30
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Rettie FM, Gayler S, K. D. Weber T, Tesfaye K, Streck T. Climate change impact on wheat and maize growth in Ethiopia: A multi-model uncertainty analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262951. [PMID: 35061854 PMCID: PMC8782302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia’s economy is dominated by agriculture which is mainly rain-fed and subsistence. Climate change is expected to have an adverse impact particularly on crop production. Previous studies have shown large discrepancies in the magnitude and sometimes in the direction of the impact on crop production. We assessed the impact of climate change on growth and yield of maize and wheat in Ethiopia using a multi-crop model ensemble. The multi-model ensemble (n = 48) was set up using the agroecosystem modelling framework Expert-N. The framework is modular which facilitates combining different submodels for plant growth and soil processes. The multi-model ensemble was driven by climate change projections representing the mid of the century (2021–2050) from ten contrasting climate models downscaled to finer resolution. The contributions of different sources of uncertainty in crop yield prediction were quantified. The sensitivity of crop yield to elevated CO2, increased temperature, changes in precipitations and N fertilizer were also assessed. Our results indicate that grain yields were very sensitive to changes in [CO2], temperature and N fertilizer amounts where the responses were higher for wheat than maize. The response to change in precipitation was weak, which we attribute to the high water holding capacity of the soils due to high organic carbon contents at the study sites. This may provide the sufficient buffering capacity for extended time periods with low amounts of precipitation. Under the changing climate, wheat productivity will be a major challenge with a 36 to 40% reduction in grain yield by 2050 while the impact on maize was modest. A major part of the uncertainty in the projected impact could be attributed to differences in the crop growth models. A considerable fraction of the uncertainty could also be traced back to different soil water dynamics modeling approaches in the model ensemble, which is often ignored. Uncertainties varied among the studied crop species and cultivars as well. The study highlights significant impacts of climate change on wheat yield in Ethiopia whereby differences in crop growth models causes the large part of the uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Mequanint Rettie
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Melkasa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sebastian Gayler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias K. D. Weber
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kindie Tesfaye
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Thilo Streck
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Gong P, Bontinck M, Demuynck K, De Block J, Gevaert K, Eeckhout D, Persiau G, Aesaert S, Coussens G, Van Lijsebettens M, Pauwels L, De Jaeger G, Inzé D, Nelissen H. SAMBA controls cell division rate during maize development. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:411-424. [PMID: 34791456 PMCID: PMC8774815 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
SAMBA has been identified as a plant-specific regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) that controls unidirectional cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but so far its role has not been studied in monocots. Here, we show the association of SAMBA with the APC/C is conserved in maize (Zea mays). Two samba genome edited mutants showed growth defects, such as reduced internode length, shortened upper leaves with erect leaf architecture, and reduced leaf size due to an altered cell division rate and cell expansion, which aggravated with plant age. The two mutants differed in the severity and developmental onset of the phenotypes, because samba-1 represented a knockout allele, while translation re-initiation in samba-3 resulted in a truncated protein that was still able to interact with the APC/C and regulate its function, albeit with altered APC/C activity and efficiency. Our data are consistent with a dosage-dependent role for SAMBA to control developmental processes for which a change in growth rate is pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gong
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Bontinck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Aesaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Coussens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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32
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Roodt D. Multi-omics approach highlights new targets for amino acid composition change in maize kernels. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:22-23. [PMID: 35051285 PMCID: PMC8774733 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Roodt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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33
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Keller B, Zimmermann L, Rascher U, Matsubara S, Steier A, Muller O. Toward predicting photosynthetic efficiency and biomass gain in crop genotypes over a field season. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:301-317. [PMID: 34662428 PMCID: PMC8774793 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis acclimates quickly to the fluctuating environment in order to optimize the absorption of sunlight energy, specifically the photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR), to fuel plant growth. The conversion efficiency of intercepted PPFR to photochemical energy (ɛe) and to biomass (ɛc) are critical parameters to describe plant productivity over time. However, they mask the link of instantaneous photochemical energy uptake under specific conditions, that is, the operating efficiency of photosystem II (Fq'/Fm'), and biomass accumulation. Therefore, the identification of energy- and thus resource-efficient genotypes under changing environmental conditions is impeded. We long-term monitored Fq'/Fm' at the canopy level for 21 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and maize (Zea mays) genotypes under greenhouse and field conditions using automated chlorophyll fluorescence and spectral scans. Fq'/Fm' derived under incident sunlight during the entire growing season was modeled based on genotypic interactions with different environmental variables. This allowed us to cumulate the photochemical energy uptake and thus estimate ɛe noninvasively. ɛe ranged from 48% to 62%, depending on the genotype, and up to 9% of photochemical energy was transduced into biomass in the most efficient C4 maize genotype. Most strikingly, ɛe correlated with shoot biomass in seven independent experiments under varying conditions with up to r = 0.68. Thus, we estimated biomass production by integrating photosynthetic response to environmental stresses over the growing season and identified energy-efficient genotypes. This has great potential to improve crop growth models and to estimate the productivity of breeding lines or whole ecosystems at any time point using autonomous measuring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Keller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Lars Zimmermann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Angelina Steier
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
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Hain TM, Bykowski M, Saba M, Evans ME, Schröder-Turk GE, Kowalewska Ł. SPIRE-a software tool for bicontinuous phase recognition: application for plastid cubic membranes. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:81-96. [PMID: 34662407 PMCID: PMC8774748 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous membranes in cell organelles epitomize nature's ability to create complex functional nanostructures. Like their synthetic counterparts, these membranes are characterized by continuous membrane sheets draped onto topologically complex saddle-shaped surfaces with a periodic network-like structure. Their structure sizes, (around 50-500 nm), and fluid nature make transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the analysis method of choice to decipher their nanostructural features. Here we present a tool, Surface Projection Image Recognition Environment (SPIRE), to identify bicontinuous structures from TEM sections through interactive identification by comparison to mathematical "nodal surface" models. The prolamellar body (PLB) of plant etioplasts is a bicontinuous membrane structure with a key physiological role in chloroplast biogenesis. However, the determination of its spatial structural features has been held back by the lack of tools enabling the identification and quantitative analysis of symmetric membrane conformations. Using our SPIRE tool, we achieved a robust identification of the bicontinuous diamond surface as the dominant PLB geometry in angiosperm etioplasts in contrast to earlier long-standing assertions in the literature. Our data also provide insights into membrane storage capacities of PLBs with different volume proportions and hint at the limited role of a plastid ribosome localization directly inside the PLB grid for its proper functioning. This represents an important step in understanding their as yet elusive structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Hain
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Saba
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Myfanwy E Evans
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Australian National University, Research School of Physics, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Klein H, Gallagher J, Demesa-Arevalo E, Abraham-Juárez MJ, Heeney M, Feil R, Lunn JE, Xiao Y, Chuck G, Whipple C, Jackson D, Bartlett M. Recruitment of an ancient branching program to suppress carpel development in maize flowers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022. [PMID: 34996873 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.03.458935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carpels in maize undergo programmed cell death in half of the flowers initiated in ears and in all flowers in tassels. The HD-ZIP I transcription factor gene GRASSY TILLERS1 (GT1) is one of only a few genes known to regulate this process. To identify additional regulators of carpel suppression, we performed a gt1 enhancer screen and found a genetic interaction between gt1 and ramosa3 (ra3). RA3 is a classic inflorescence meristem determinacy gene that encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP). Dissection of floral development revealed that ra3 single mutants have partially derepressed carpels, whereas gt1;ra3 double mutants have completely derepressed carpels. Surprisingly, gt1 suppresses ra3 inflorescence branching, revealing a role for gt1 in meristem determinacy. Supporting these genetic interactions, GT1 and RA3 proteins colocalize to carpel nuclei in developing flowers. Global expression profiling revealed common genes misregulated in single and double mutant flowers, as well as in derepressed gt1 axillary meristems. Indeed, we found that ra3 enhances gt1 vegetative branching, similar to the roles for the trehalose pathway and GT1 homologs in the eudicots. This functional conservation over ∼160 million years of evolution reveals ancient roles for GT1-like genes and the trehalose pathway in regulating axillary meristem suppression, later recruited to mediate carpel suppression. Our findings expose hidden pleiotropy of classic maize genes and show how an ancient developmental program was redeployed to sculpt floral form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Klein
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Joseph Gallagher
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | | | - María Jazmín Abraham-Juárez
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guanajuato 36821, Mexico
| | - Michelle Heeney
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yuguo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84692
| | - George Chuck
- Plant Gene Expression Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94710
| | - Clinton Whipple
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84692
| | - David Jackson
- Plant Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Madelaine Bartlett
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003;
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Ali Q, Mazhar MW, Ishtiaq M, Hussain AI, Bhatti KH, Maqbool M, Hussain T, Khanum H, Sardar T, Mazhar M. Efficacy of Zn-Aspartate in comparison with ZnSO4 and L-Aspartate in amelioration of drought stress in maize by modulating antioxidant defence; osmolyte accumulation and photosynthetic attributes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260662. [PMID: 34941898 PMCID: PMC8700056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human population is exceeding beyond the carrying capacity of earth resources and stresses like water shortage faced by the plants is jeopardizing the food security. Current research study was aimed to investigate the potentials of Zn-Aspartate (Zn-Asp), Zn-Sulphate (ZnSO4) and L-Aspartate (L-Asp) to be used as osmolytes and role of various levels of these chemicals in combating drought stress in maize plants in Punjab, Pakistan. Study was performed on two plots corresponding to drought and controlled environments. The lamina of maize plants was sprinkled row wise with various treatments including No spray (NS), water sprinkle (WS), sprinkle with ZnSO4 0.25% and 0.50%, sprinkle with Zn-Asp 0.25% and 0.50% and Foliar sprinkle of L-Asp 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Role of major osmoprotectants and secondary metabolites was analyzed and positive changes were found in total soluble sugars (41.16), flavonoids (5387.74), tocopherol content (9089.18), ascorbic acid (645.27) and anthocyanin (14.84) conc. which assists in mitigating drought menace on maize. Shoot mineral ions (Ca, K, Zn, P, Mg and N) status of water stressed maize plants was also analyzed and it was found that application experimental dose enhanced their availability to crop. Physio-biochemical studies were performed on antioxidants enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), carotenoid content (CC), malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, aspartate and free amino acid contents. The activity of SOD was increased by 28.5% and activity of POD was increased by 33.33% due to foliar applied 0.5% Zn-Asp under drought stress. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll content) analysis was also carried out in this study. It was found that conc. of different chlorophylls pigments increased (chl-A: 2.24, chl-B: 25.12, total chl: 24.30) which enhanced photosynthetic activity culminating into better growth and yield). The level of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide decreased by 43.9% and 32.8% respectively on treatment with 0.5% Zn-Asp proving the efficacy of the treatment in drought amelioration. Study reveals that Zn-Asp induced modulations are far better than conventional sulphate salts in mitigating water scarce environment. Current study recommends the use of the Zn-Asp to meet the global food and agricultural challenges as compared to ZnSO4 and L-Asp due to its better drought amelioration properties. This research provides valuable informations which can used for future research and practical use in agriculture fields by indigenous and other people to enhance yield of maize to meet the food necessities of country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas Mazhar
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Mehwish Maqbool
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Khanum
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Tauqeer Sardar
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Mazhar
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
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Liu Z, Xia J, Hu M, Du J, Luo C, Zheng K. Design and analysis of a performance monitoring system for a seed metering device based on pulse width recognition. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261593. [PMID: 34936685 PMCID: PMC8694462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To realize real-time and accurate performance monitoring of large- and medium-sized seed metering devices, a performance monitoring system was designed for seed metering devices based on LED visible photoelectric sensing technology and a pulse width recognition algorithm. Through an analysis of the of sensing component pointing characteristics and seed motion characteristics, the layout of the sensing components and critical photoelectric sensing system components was optimized. Single-grain seed metering devices were employed as monitoring objects, and the pulse width thresholds for Ekangmian-10 cotton seeds and Zhengdan-958 corn seeds were determined through pulse width threshold calibration experiments employed at different seed metering plate rotational speeds. According to the seeding quantity monitoring experiments, when the seed metering plate rotational speed ranged from 28.31~35.71 rev/min, the accuracy reached 98.41% for Ekangmian-10 cotton seeds. When the seed metering plate rotational speed ranged from 13.78~19.39 rev/min, the seeding quantity monitoring accuracy reached 98.19% for Zhengdan-958 corn seeds. Performance monitoring experiments revealed that the qualified seeding quantity monitoring accuracy of cotton precision seed metering devices, missed seeding quantity monitoring accuracy, and reseeding quantity monitoring accuracy could reach 98.75%, 94.06%, and 91.30%, respectively, within a seeding speed range of 8~9 km/h. This system meets the requirements of real-time performance monitoring of large- and medium-sized precision seed metering devices, which helps to improve the operational performance of seeding machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Liu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfang Xia
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Mengjie Hu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Du
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengming Luo
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kan Zheng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Samayoa LF, Olukolu BA, Yang CJ, Chen Q, Stetter MG, York AM, Sanchez-Gonzalez JDJ, Glaubitz JC, Bradbury PJ, Romay MC, Sun Q, Yang J, Ross-Ibarra J, Buckler ES, Doebley JF, Holland JB. Domestication reshaped the genetic basis of inbreeding depression in a maize landrace compared to its wild relative, teosinte. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009797. [PMID: 34928949 PMCID: PMC8722731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding depression is the reduction in fitness and vigor resulting from mating of close relatives observed in many plant and animal species. The extent to which the genetic load of mutations contributing to inbreeding depression is due to large-effect mutations versus variants with very small individual effects is unknown and may be affected by population history. We compared the effects of outcrossing and self-fertilization on 18 traits in a landrace population of maize, which underwent a population bottleneck during domestication, and a neighboring population of its wild relative teosinte. Inbreeding depression was greater in maize than teosinte for 15 of 18 traits, congruent with the greater segregating genetic load in the maize population that we predicted from sequence data. Parental breeding values were highly consistent between outcross and selfed offspring, indicating that additive effects determine most of the genetic value even in the presence of strong inbreeding depression. We developed a novel linkage scan to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) representing large-effect rare variants carried by only a single parent, which were more important in teosinte than maize. Teosinte also carried more putative juvenile-acting lethal variants identified by segregation distortion. These results suggest a mixture of mostly polygenic, small-effect partially recessive effects in linkage disequilibrium underlying inbreeding depression, with an additional contribution from rare larger-effect variants that was more important in teosinte but depleted in maize following the domestication bottleneck. Purging associated with the maize domestication bottleneck may have selected against some large effect variants, but polygenic load is harder to purge and overall segregating mutational burden increased in maize compared to teosinte. Inbreeding depression is the reduction in fitness and vigor resulting from mating of close relatives observed in many plant and animal species. Mating of close relatives increases the probability that an individual inherits two non-functioning mutations at the same gene, resulting in lower fitness of such matings. We do not know the extent to which inbreeding depression is due to mutations with large-effects versus small-effect polygenic variants. We compared the effects of outcrossing and self-fertilization on 18 traits in a landrace population of maize, which underwent a population bottleneck during domestication, and a neighboring population of its wild relative teosinte. Inbreeding depression was greater in maize than teosinte for 15 of 18 traits and we found that this was consistent with higher predicted ‘genetic load’ in maize based solely on the evolutionary conservation of the sequence variants observed in the population. We also mapped genome positions associated with inbreeding depression, identifying more and larger-effect genetic variants in teosinte than maize. These results suggest that during domestication, some of the rare large-effect variants in teosinte were bred out, but many genetic variants of small effects on inbreeding depression increased in frequency maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Samayoa
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bode A. Olukolu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chin Jian Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Markus G. Stetter
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandra M. York
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Glaubitz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Bradbury
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Cinta Romay
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Qi Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Edward S. Buckler
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - John F. Doebley
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James B. Holland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agriculture Research Service, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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S. R, Sarkar D, Sinha AK, Danish S, Bhattacharya PM, Mukhopadhyay P, Salmen SH, Ansari MJ, Datta R. Soil organic carbon and labile and recalcitrant carbon fractions attributed by contrasting tillage and cropping systems in old and recent alluvial soils of subtropical eastern India. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259645. [PMID: 34914729 PMCID: PMC8675705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification (CASI) technologies comprising zero-tillage with crop residue retention (>30%) on the soil surface, diversified cropping systems, and balanced nutrient management are recognized as operative and efficacious strategies to ensure food security in the parts of South Asia. The present investigation was a component of CASI technologies undertaken in the farmers’ field of Malda (old alluvial Inceptisol) Coochbehar (recent alluvial Entisol) district, West Bengal (subtropical eastern India). This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term impact of contrasting tillage (zero and conventional) and cropping systems (rice–wheat and rice–maize) on total organic carbon (TOC) and its fractions, viz., labile pool-1 (LP1), labile pool-2 (LP2) and recalcitrant carbon (RC) fractions after 4-year trial of conservation agriculture (CA) in the old and recent alluvial soils. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm), and thus, our study was focused on two factors, viz., cropping system and tillage. Results pointed that TOC along with LP1, LP2, and RC fractions under rice–maize (RM) cropping system were significantly (p<0.05) greater (15–35%) over rice–wheat (RW) system as a result of higher residue biomass addition. Zero-tillage (ZT) improved the C fractions by 10–20% over conventional tillage (CT) in all aspects. TOC and its fractions were observed to be greater under the ZT system in the topmost soil depths (0–5 and 5–10 cm), but the same system failed to improve these at 10–20 cm. Interestingly, the CT increased all the fractions at 10–20 cm depth due to the incorporation of crop residues. The concentration of TOC along with its fractions decreased with increasing soil depth was evident. Comparatively, all the C fractions, including TOC were maximum in soils from Malda sites as compared to Coochbehar sites because of a higher amount of residue biomass application, higher clay content, and greater background content of C in these soils. All the studied C fractions showed a significant correlation (r = >0.635; p<0.01) with TOC among all the soil depths in both the districts but the relationship with soil texture showed some interesting results. TOC fractions were significantly correlated (p<0.01) with clay particles indicating that its higher stabilization with clay in old alluvial Inceptisol (Malda); while in recent alluvial Entisol (Coochbehar), sand particle showed its strong relation with TOC fractions. Higher stratification ratio (SR) in the ZT system suggested that the concentration of TOC and its fractions are confined to the upper soil layers whereas in the case of CT, by and large, the distribution of these was comparatively high in subsequent soil depths due to residue incorporation effect. The concentration of C fractions in soils followed the order: TOC > RC > LP2 > LP1. The present investigation concluded that ZT under the RM system increases the turnover rates of C in both soil types but the amount of clay influences the stabilization/storage of C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh S.
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail: (RS); (SD); (RD)
| | - Deepranjan Sarkar
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhas Kumar Sinha
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (RS); (SD); (RD)
| | | | - Prabir Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Saleh H. Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly), Moradabad, India
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (RS); (SD); (RD)
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Zhao D, Chen Z, Xu L, Zhang L, Zou Q. Genome-Wide Analysis of the MADS-Box Gene Family in Maize: Gene Structure, Evolution, and Relationships. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121956. [PMID: 34946905 PMCID: PMC8701013 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MADS-box gene family is one of the largest families in plants and plays an important roles in floral development. The MADS-box family includes the SRF-like domain and K-box domain. It is considered that the MADS-box gene family encodes a DNA-binding domain that is generally related to transcription factors, and plays important roles in regulating floral development. Our study identified 211 MADS-box protein sequences in the Zea mays proteome and renamed all the genes based on the gene annotations. All the 211 MADS-box protein sequences were coded by 98 expressed genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the MADS-box genes showed that all the family members were categorized into five subfamilies: MIKC-type, Mα, Mβ, Mγ, and Mδ. Gene duplications are regarded as products of several types of errors during the period of DNA replication and reconstruction; in our study all the 98 MADS-box genes contained 22 pairs of segmentally duplicated events which were distributed on 10 chromosomes. We compared expression data in different tissues from the female spikelet, silk, pericarp aleurone, ear primordium, leaf zone, vegetative meristem, internode, endosperm crown, mature pollen, embryo, root cortex, secondary root, germination kernels, primary root, root elongation zone, and root meristem. According to analysis of gene ontology pathways, we found a total of 41 pathways in which MADS-box genes in maize are involved. All the studies we conducted provided an overview of MADS-box gene family members in maize and showed multiple functions as transcription factors. The related research of MADS-box domains has provided the theoretical basis of MADS-box domains for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (D.Z.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zheng Chen
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (D.Z.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China; (D.Z.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (Q.Z.)
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Qin X, Tian S, Zhang W, Zheng Q, Wang H, Feng Y, Lin Y, Tang J, Wang Y, Yan J, Dai M, Zheng Y, Yue B. The main restorer Rf3 of maize S type cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a PPR protein that functions in reduction of the transcripts of orf355. Mol Plant 2021; 14:1961-1964. [PMID: 34656804 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiner Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shike Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Industrial Crops Research Institution, Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation of Sciences, Haerbin, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingqiu Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonglian Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Washburn JD, Cimen E, Ramstein G, Reeves T, O'Briant P, McLean G, Cooper M, Hammer G, Buckler ES. Predicting phenotypes from genetic, environment, management, and historical data using CNNs. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3997-4011. [PMID: 34448888 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can perform similarly or better than standard genomic prediction methods when sufficient genetic, environmental, and management data are provided. Predicting phenotypes from genetic (G), environmental (E), and management (M) conditions is a long-standing challenge with implications to agriculture, medicine, and conservation. Most methods reduce the factors in a dataset (feature engineering) in a subjective and potentially oversimplified manner. Deep neural networks such as Multilayer Perceptrons (MPL) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can overcome this by allowing the data itself to determine which factors are most important. CNN models were developed for predicting agronomic yield from a combination of replicated trials and historical yield survey data. The results were more accurate than standard methods when tested on held-out G, E, and M data (r = 0.50 vs. r = 0.43), and performed slightly worse than standard methods when only G was held out (r = 0.74 vs. r = 0.80). Pre-training on historical data increased accuracy compared to trial data alone. Saliency map analysis indicated the CNN has "learned" to prioritize many factors of known agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Washburn
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Emre Cimen
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Computational Intelligence and Optimization Laboratory, Industrial Engineering Department, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Guillaume Ramstein
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Timothy Reeves
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patrick O'Briant
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Greg McLean
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark Cooper
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Graeme Hammer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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Geng S, Ren Z, Liang L, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhou Y, Duan L. An ABA Functional Analogue B2 Enhanced Salt Tolerance by Inducing the Root Elongation and Reducing Peroxidation Damage in Maize Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312986. [PMID: 34884788 PMCID: PMC8657829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects maize growth and yield. Application of plant growth regulator is an effective way to improve crop salt tolerance, therefore reducing yield loss by salt stress. Here, we used a novel plant growth regulator B2, which is a functional analogue of ABA. With the aim to determine whether B2 alleviates salt stress on maize, we studied its function under hydroponic conditions. When the second leaf was fully developed, it was pretreated with 100 µM ABA, 0.01 µM B2, 0.1 µM B2, and 1 µM B2, independently. After 5 days treatment, NaCl was added into the nutrient solution for salt stress. Our results showed that B2 could enhance salt tolerance in maize, especially when the concentration was 1.0 µMol·L−1. Exogenous application of B2 significantly enhanced root growth, and the root/shoot ratio increased by 7.6% after 6 days treatment under salt stress. Compared with control, the ABA level also decreased by 31% after 6 days, which might have resulted in the root development. What is more, B2 maintained higher photosynthetic capacity in maize leaves under salt stress conditions and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the generation rate of reactive oxygen species by 16.48%. On the other hand, B2 can enhance its water absorption ability by increasing the expression of aquaporin genes ZmPIP1-1 and ZmPIP1-5. In conclusion, the novel plant growth regulator B2 can effectively improve the salt tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (Z.R.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaobin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (Z.R.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lijun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (Z.R.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yumei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (Z.R.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (Z.R.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-13811849849 (Y.Z.); +86-18601272095 (L.D.)
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (S.G.); (Z.R.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-13811849849 (Y.Z.); +86-18601272095 (L.D.)
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Xu K, Chai Q, Hu F, Fan Z, Yin W. N-fertilizer postponing application improves dry matter translocation and increases system productivity of wheat/maize intercropping. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22825. [PMID: 34819592 PMCID: PMC8613184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping increases the grain yield to feed the ever-growing population in the world by cultivating two crop species on the same area of land. It has been proven that N-fertilizer postponed topdressing can boost the productivity of cereal/legume intercropping. However, whether the application of this technology to cereal/cereal intercropping can still increase grain yield is unclear. A field experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in the arid region of northwestern China to investigate the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield performance of wheat/maize intercropping in response to N-fertilizer postponed topdressing application. There were three N application treatments (referred as N1, N2, N3) for maize and the total amount were all 360 kg N ha-1. N fertilizer were applied at four time, i.e. prior to sowing, at jointing stage, at pre-tasseling stage, and at 15 days post-silking stage, respectively. The N3 treatment was traditionally used for maize production and allocations subjected to these four stages were 2:3:4:1. The N1 and N2 were postponed topdressing treatments which allocations were 2:1:4:3 and 2:2:4:2, respectively. The results showed that the postponed topdressing N fertilizer treatments boosted the maximum average crop growth rate (CGR) of wheat/maize intercropping. The N1 and N2 treatments increased the average maximum CGR by 32.9% and 16.4% during the co-growth period, respectively, and the second average maximum CGR was increased by 29.8% and 12.6% during the maize recovery growth stage, respectively, compared with the N3 treatment. The N1 treatment was superior to other treatments, since it increased the CGR of intercropped wheat by 44.7% during the co-growth period and accelerated the CGR of intercropped maize by 29.8% after the wheat had been harvested. This treatment also increased the biomass and grain yield of intercropping by 8.6% and 33.7%, respectively, compared with the current N management practice. This yield gain was primarily attributable to the higher total translocation of dry matter. The N1 treatment increased the transfer amount of intercropped wheat by 28.4% from leaf and by 51.6% from stem, as well as increased the intercropped maize by 49.0% of leaf, 36.6% of stem, and 103.6% of husk, compared to N3 treatment, respectively. Integrated the N fertilizer postponed topdressing to the wheat/maize intercropping system have a promotion effect on increasing the translocation of dry matter to grain in vegetative organs. Therefore, the harvest index of intercropped wheat and maize with N1 was 5.9% and 5.3% greater than that of N3, respectively. This demonstrated that optimizing the management of N fertilizer can increase the grain yield from wheat/maize intercropping via the promotion of accumulation and translocation of dry matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Falong Hu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhilong Fan
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Zheng L, Ma S, Shen D, Fu H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Shah K, Yue C, Huang J. Genome-wide identification of Gramineae histone modification genes and their potential roles in regulating wheat and maize growth and stress responses. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:543. [PMID: 34800975 PMCID: PMC8605605 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, histone modification (HM) genes participate in various developmental and defense processes. Gramineae plants (e.g., Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Setaria italica, Setaria viridis, and Zea mays) are important crop species worldwide. However, little information on HM genes is in Gramineae species. RESULTS Here, we identified 245 TaHMs, 72 HvHMs, 84 SbHMs, 93 SvHMs, 90 SiHMs, and 90 ZmHMs in the above six Gramineae species, respectively. Detailed information on their chromosome locations, conserved domains, phylogenetic trees, synteny, promoter elements, and gene structures were determined. Among the HMs, most motifs were conserved, but several unique motifs were also identified. Our results also suggested that gene and genome duplications potentially impacted the evolution and expansion of HMs in wheat. The number of orthologous gene pairs between rice (Oryza sativa) and each Gramineae species was much greater than that between Arabidopsis and each Gramineae species, indicating that the dicotyledons shared common ancestors. Moreover, all identified HM gene pairs likely underwent purifying selection based on to their non-synonymous (Ka)/synonymous (Ks) nucleotide substitutions. Using published transcriptome data, changes in TaHM gene expression in developing wheat grains treated with brassinosteroid, brassinazole, or activated charcoal were investigated. In addition, the transcription models of ZmHMs in developing maize seeds and after gibberellin treatment were also identified. We also examined plant stress responses and found that heat, drought, salt, insect feeding, nitrogen, and cadmium stress influenced many TaHMs, and drought altered the expression of several ZmHMs. Thus, these findings indicate their important functions in plant growth and stress adaptations. CONCLUSIONS Based on a comprehensive analysis of Gramineae HMs, we found that TaHMs play potential roles in grain development, brassinosteroid- and brassinazole-mediated root growth, activated charcoal-mediated root and leaf growth, and biotic and abiotic adaptations. Furthermore, ZmHMs likely participate in seed development, gibberellin-mediated leaf growth, and drought adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zheng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Shengjie Ma
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Dandan Shen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hong Fu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Kamran Shah
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caipeng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China.
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Abro Z, Kimathi E, De Groote H, Tefera T, Sevgan S, Niassy S, Kassie M. Socioeconomic and health impacts of fall armyworm in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257736. [PMID: 34735485 PMCID: PMC8568106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2016, fall armyworm (FAW) has threatened sub-Saharan 'Africa's fragile food systems and economic performance. Yet, there is limited evidence on this transboundary pest's economic and food security impacts in the region. Additionally, the health and environmental consequences of the insecticides being used to control FAW have not been studied. This paper presents evidence on the impacts of FAW on maize production, food security, and human and environmental health. We use a combination of an agroecology-based community survey and nationally representative data from an agricultural household survey to achieve our objectives. The results indicate that the pest causes an average annual loss of 36% in maize production, reducing 0.67 million tonnes of maize (0.225 million tonnes per year) between 2017 and 2019. The total economic loss is US$ 200 million, or 0.08% of the gross domestic product. The lost production could have met the per capita maize consumption of 4 million people. We also find that insecticides to control FAW have more significant toxic effects on the environment than on humans. This paper highlights governments and development partners need to invest in sustainable FAW control strategies to reduce maize production loss, improve food security, and protect human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdu Abro
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Emily Kimathi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hugo De Groote
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tadele Tefera
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Subramanian Sevgan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Menale Kassie
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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Malenica N, Dunić JA, Vukadinović L, Cesar V, Šimić D. Genetic Approaches to Enhance Multiple Stress Tolerance in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111760. [PMID: 34828366 PMCID: PMC8617808 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-stress effects on plant physiology and gene expression are being intensively studied lately, primarily in model plants such as Arabidopsis, where the effects of six stressors have simultaneously been documented. In maize, double and triple stress responses are obtaining more attention, such as simultaneous drought and heat or heavy metal exposure, or drought in combination with insect and fungal infestation. To keep up with these challenges, maize natural variation and genetic engineering are exploited. On one hand, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with multiple-stress tolerance are being identified by molecular breeding and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which then could be utilized for future breeding programs of more resilient maize varieties. On the other hand, transgenic approaches in maize have already resulted in the creation of many commercial double or triple stress resistant varieties, predominantly weed-tolerant/insect-resistant and, additionally, also drought-resistant varieties. It is expected that first generation gene-editing techniques, as well as recently developed base and prime editing applications, in combination with the routine haploid induction in maize, will pave the way to pyramiding more stress tolerant alleles in elite lines/varieties on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Malenica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jasenka Antunović Dunić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.A.D.); (V.C.)
| | - Lovro Vukadinović
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.A.D.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šimić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-515-521
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Aguilar JJ, Moore M, Johnson L, Greenhut RF, Rogers E, Walker D, O’Neil F, Edwards JL, Thystrup J, Farrow S, Windle JB, Benfey PN. Capturing in-field root system dynamics with RootTracker. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:1117-1130. [PMID: 34618063 PMCID: PMC8566282 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing root system architecture offers a promising approach to developing stress tolerant cultivars in the face of climate change, as root systems are critical for water and nutrient uptake as well as mechanical stability. However, breeding for optimal root system architecture has been hindered by the difficulty in measuring root growth in the field. Here, we describe the RootTracker, a technology that employs impedance touch sensors to monitor in-field root growth over time. Configured in a cylindrical, window shutter-like fashion around a planted seed, 264 electrodes are individually charged multiple times over the course of an experiment. Signature changes in the measured capacitance and resistance readings indicate when a root has touched or grown close to an electrode. Using the RootTracker, we have measured root system dynamics of commercial maize (Zea mays) hybrids growing in both typical Midwest field conditions and under different irrigation regimes. We observed rapid responses of root growth to water deficits and found evidence for a "priming response" in which an early water deficit causes more and deeper roots to grow at later time periods. Genotypic variation among hybrid maize lines in their root growth in response to drought indicated a potential to breed for root systems adapted for different environments. Thus, the RootTracker is able to capture changes in root growth over time in response to environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip N Benfey
- Hi Fidelity Genetics, Durham, NC USA
- Duke University, Department of Biology, Durham, NC, USA and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
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Fang X, Bo C, Wang M, Yuan H, Li W, Chen H, Ma Q, Cai R. Overexpression of the maize WRKY114 gene in transgenic rice reduce plant height by regulating the biosynthesis of GA. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1967635. [PMID: 34498544 PMCID: PMC8525977 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1967635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
WRKYs represent an important family of transcription factors that are widely involved in plant development, defense regulation and stress response. Transgenic rice that constitutively expressed ZmWRKY114 had shorter plant height and showed less sensitivity to gibberellic acid (GA3). Further investigation proved that transgenic rice accumulated lower levels of bioactive GAs than that in wild-type plants. Application of exogenous GA3 fully rescued the semi-dwarf phenotype of ZmWRKY114 transgenic plants. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that the expression of OsGA2ox4, encoding the repressor of GA biosynthesis, was markedly increased. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that ZmWRKY114 directly binds to a W-box motif in the OsGA2ox4 promoter. Taken together, these results confirm that ZmWRKY114 is a GA-responsive gene and is participated in the regulation of plant height in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Bo
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haotian Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haowei Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ronghao Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Zhao X, Zhong Y, Shi J, Zhou W. 24-epibrassinolide confers tolerance against deep-seeding stress in Zea mays L. coleoptile development by phytohormones signaling transduction and their interaction network. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1963583. [PMID: 34425064 PMCID: PMC8526002 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1963583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coleoptile/mesocotyl elongation influence seedling emergence and establishment, is major causes of maize deep-seeding tolerance (DST). Detailed analyses on molecular basis underlying their elongation mediated by brassinosteroid under deep-seeding stress (DSS) could provide meaningful information for key factors controlling their elongation. Here we monitored transcriptome and phytohormones changes specifically in elongating coleoptile/mesocotyl in response to DSS and 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-signaling. Phenotypically, contrasting maize evolved variant organs to positively respond to DST, longer coleoptile/mesocoty of K12/W64A was a desirable organ for seedling under DSS. Applied-EBR improved maize DST, and their coleoptiles/mesocotyls were further elongated. 15,607/20,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in W64A/K12 coleoptile, KEGG analysis showed plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation were critical processes of coleoptile elongation under DSS and EBR signaling, further highly interconnected network maps including 79/142 DEGs for phytohormones were generated. Consistent with these DEGs expression, interactions, and transport, IAA, GA3, ABA, and Cis-ZT were significantly reduced while EBR, Trans-ZT, JA, and SA were clearly increased in coleoptile under DSS and EBR-signaling. These results enrich our knowledge about the genes and phytohormones regulating coleoptile elongation in maize, and help improve future studies on corresponding genes and develop varieties with DST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- CONTACT Xiaoqiang Zhao Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Wenqi Zhou Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou730070, P.R. China
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