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Xia X, Wei Q, Xiao C, Ye Y, Li Z, Marivingt-Mounir C, Chollet JF, Liu W, Wu H. Genomic survey of NPF and NRT2 transporter gene families in five inbred maize lines and their responses to pathogens infection. Genomics 2023; 115:110555. [PMID: 36596368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Besides manipulating nitrate uptake and allocation, nitrate transporters (NRTs) are also known to play crucial roles in pathogen defense and stress response. By blasting with the model NRT genes of poplar and Arabidopsis, a total of 408 gene members were identified from 5 maize inbred lines in which the number of NRTs ranged from 72 to 88. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NRT genes of maize were classified into NRT1/PTR (NPF), NRT2 and NRT3 subfamilies, respectively. Marked divergence of the duplication patterns of NRT genes were identified, which may be a new basis for classification and identification of maize varieties. In terms of biotic stress, NRT2.5A showed an enhanced expression during the pathogen infection of Colletotrichum graminicola, while NRT1c4C was down-regulated, suggesting that maize NRT transporters may have both positive and negative roles in the disease resistance response. This work will promote the further studies of NRT gene families in maize, as well as be beneficial for further understanding of their potential roles in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiping Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cécile Marivingt-Mounir
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-François Chollet
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hanxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yang B, Wang J, Yu M, Zhang M, Zhong Y, Wang T, Liu P, Song W, Zhao H, Fastner A, Suter M, Rentsch D, Ludewig U, Jin W, Geiger D, Hedrich R, Braun DM, Koch KE, McCarty DR, Wu WH, Li X, Wang Y, Lai J. The sugar transporter ZmSUGCAR1 of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family is critical for maize grain filling. Plant Cell 2022; 34:4232-4254. [PMID: 36047828 PMCID: PMC9614462 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal-to-filial nutrition transfer is central to grain development and yield. nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NRT1-PTR)-type transporters typically transport nitrate, peptides, and ions. Here, we report the identification of a maize (Zea mays) NRT1-PTR-type transporter that transports sucrose and glucose. The activity of this sugar transporter, named Sucrose and Glucose Carrier 1 (SUGCAR1), was systematically verified by tracer-labeled sugar uptake and serial electrophysiological studies including two-electrode voltage-clamp, non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation assays in Xenopus laevis oocytes and patch clamping in HEK293T cells. ZmSUGCAR1 is specifically expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer and loss-of-function mutation of ZmSUGCAR1 caused significantly decreased sucrose and glucose contents and subsequent shrinkage of maize kernels. Notably, the ZmSUGCAR1 orthologs SbSUGCAR1 (from Sorghum bicolor) and TaSUGCAR1 (from Triticum aestivum) displayed similar sugar transport activities in oocytes, supporting the functional conservation of SUGCAR1 in closely related cereal species. Thus, the discovery of ZmSUGCAR1 uncovers a type of sugar transporter essential for grain development and opens potential avenues for genetic improvement of seed-filling and yield in maize and other grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions (MOE), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Astrid Fastner
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Suter
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Doris Rentsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Weiwei Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Karen E Koch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions (MOE), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Swapnil P, Meena M, Rai AK. Molecular interaction of nitrate transporter proteins with recombinant glycinebetaine results in efficient nitrate uptake in the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257870. [PMID: 34793479 PMCID: PMC8601584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate transport in cyanobacteria is mediated by ABC-transporter, which consists of a highly conserved ATP binding cassette (ABC) and a less conserved transmembrane domain (TMD). Under salt stress, recombinant glycinebetaine (GB) not only protected the rate of nitrate transport in transgenic Anabaena PCC 7120, rather stimulated the rate by interacting with the ABC-transporter proteins. In silico analyses revealed that nrtA protein consisted of 427 amino acids, the majority of which were hydrophobic and contained a Tat (twin-arginine translocation) signal profile of 34 amino acids (1-34). The nrtC subunit of 657 amino acids contained two hydrophobic distinct domains; the N-terminal (5-228 amino acids), which was 59% identical to nrtD (the ATP-binding subunit) and the C-terminal (268-591), 28.2% identical to nrtA, suggesting C-terminal as a solute binding domain and N-terminal as ATP binding domain. Subunit nrtD consisted of 277 amino acids and its N-terminal (21-254) was an ATP binding motif. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nitrate-ABC-transporter proteins are highly conserved among the cyanobacterial species, though variation existed in sequences resulting in several subclades. Nostoc PCC 7120 was very close to Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, Anabaena sp. 4-3 and Anabaena sp. CA = ATCC 33047. On the other, Nostoc spp. NIES-3756 and PCC 7524 were often found in the same subclade suggesting more work before referring it to Anabaena PCC 7120 or Nostoc PCC 7120. The molecular interaction of nitrate with nrtA was hydrophilic, while hydrophobic with nrtC and nrtD. GB interaction with nrtACD was hydrophobic and showed higher affinity compared to nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Swapnil
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashwani K. Rai
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Tee HS, Wood SA, Bouma-Gregson K, Lear G, Handley KM. Genome Streamlining, Plasticity, and Metabolic Versatility Distinguish Co-occurring Toxic and Nontoxic Cyanobacterial Strains of Microcoleus. mBio 2021; 12:e0223521. [PMID: 34700377 PMCID: PMC8546630 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02235-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial bloom occurrences have increased worldwide due to climate change and eutrophication, causing nuisance and animal deaths. Species from the benthic cyanobacterial genus Microcoleus are ubiquitous and form thick mats in freshwater systems, such as rivers, that are sometimes toxic due to the production of potent neurotoxins (anatoxins). Anatoxin-producing (toxic) strains typically coexist with non-anatoxin-producing (nontoxic) strains in mats, although the reason for this is unclear. To determine the genetic mechanisms differentiating toxic and nontoxic Microcoleus, we sequenced and assembled genomes from 11 cultures and compared these to another 31 Microcoleus genomes. Average nucleotide identities (ANI) indicate that toxic and nontoxic strains are distinct species (ANI, <95%), and only 6% of genes are shared across all 42 genomes, suggesting a high level of genetic divergence among Microcoleus strains. Comparative genomics showed substantial genome streamlining in toxic strains and a potential dependency on external sources for thiamine and sucrose. Toxic and nontoxic strains are further differentiated by an additional set of putative nitrate transporter (nitrogen uptake) and cyanophycin (carbon and nitrogen storage) genes, respectively. These genes likely confer distinct competitive advantages based on nutrient availability and suggest nontoxic strains are more robust to nutrient fluctuations. Nontoxic strains also possess twice as many transposable elements, potentially facilitating greater genetic adaptation to environmental changes. Our results offer insights into the divergent evolution of Microcoleus strains and the potential for cooperative and competitive interactions that contribute to the co-occurrence of toxic and nontoxic species within mats. IMPORTANCE Microcoleus autumnalis, and closely related Microcoleus species, compose a geographically widespread group of freshwater benthic cyanobacteria. Canine deaths due to anatoxin-a poisoning, following exposure to toxic proliferations, have been reported globally. While Microcoleus proliferations are on the rise, the mechanisms underpinning competition between, or coexistence of, toxic and nontoxic strains are unknown. This study identifies substantial genetic differences between anatoxin-producing and non-anatoxin-producing strains, pointing to reduced metabolic flexibility in toxic strains, and potential dependence on cohabiting nontoxic strains. Results provide insights into the metabolic and evolutionary differences between toxic and nontoxic Microcoleus, which may assist in predicting and managing aquatic proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Sze Tee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Keith Bouma-Gregson
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gavin Lear
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kim M. Handley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Feng J, Selvam B, Shukla D. How do antiporters exchange substrates across the cell membrane? An atomic-level description of the complete exchange cycle in NarK. Structure 2021; 29:922-933.e3. [PMID: 33836147 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) proteins operate via three different mechanisms: uniport, symport, and antiport. Despite extensive investigations, the molecular understanding of antiporters is less advanced than that of other transporters due to the complex coupling between two substrates and the lack of distinct structures. We employ extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to dissect the complete substrate exchange cycle of the bacterial NO3-/NO2- antiporter, NarK. We show that paired basic residues in the binding site prevent the closure of unbound protein and ensure the exchange of two substrates. Conformational transition occurs only in the presence of substrate, which weakens the electrostatic repulsion and stabilizes the transporter. Furthermore, we propose a state-dependent substrate exchange model, in which the relative spacing between the paired basic residues determines whether NO3- and NO2- bind simultaneously or sequentially. Overall, this work presents a general working model for the antiport mechanism within the MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Balaji Selvam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Digital Agriculture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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