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Falfushynska H, Rychter P, Boshtova A, Faidiuk Y, Kasianchuk N, Rzymski P. Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters: How to Get Fish off the Addictive Hook. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:537. [PMID: 38675497 PMCID: PMC11054822 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The United Nations World Drug Report published in 2022 alarmed that the global market of illicit drugs is steadily expanding in space and scale. Substances of abuse are usually perceived in the light of threats to human health and public security, while the environmental aspects of their use and subsequent emissions usually remain less explored. However, as with other human activities, drug production, trade, and consumption of drugs may leave their environmental mark. Therefore, this paper aims to review the occurrence of illicit drugs in surface waters and their bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish. Illicit drugs of different groups, i.e., psychostimulants (methamphetamines/amphetamines, cocaine, and its metabolite benzoylecgonine) and depressants (opioids: morphine, heroin, methadone, fentanyl), can reach the aquatic environment through wastewater discharge as they are often not entirely removed during wastewater treatment processes, resulting in their subsequent circulation in nanomolar concentrations, potentially affecting aquatic biota, including fish. Exposure to such xenobiotics can induce oxidative stress and dysfunction to mitochondrial and lysosomal function, distort locomotion activity by regulating the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems, increase the predation risk, instigate neurological disorders, disbalance neurotransmission, and produce histopathological alterations in the brain and liver tissues, similar to those described in mammals. Hence, this drugs-related multidimensional harm to fish should be thoroughly investigated in line with environmental protection policies before it is too late. At the same time, selected fish species (e.g., Danio rerio, zebrafish) can be employed as models to study toxic and binge-like effects of psychoactive, illicit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Faculty of Economics, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | | | - Yuliia Faidiuk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53114 Wrocław, Poland;
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2 Prospekt Hlushkov, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny Str., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadiia Kasianchuk
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60806 Poznań, Poland;
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Zhang Y, Fang W, Yan D, Ji Y, Chen X, Guo A, Song Z, Li Y, Cao A, Wang Q. Encapsulated allyl isothiocyanate improves soil distribution, efficacy against soil-borne pathogens and tomato yield. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38520371 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crop quality, yield and farmer income are reduced by soil-borne diseases, nematodes and weeds, although these can be controlled by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a plant-derived soil fumigant. However, its efficacy against soil-borne pathogens varies, mainly because of its chemical instability and uneven distribution in the soil. Formulation modification is an effective way to optimize pesticide application. We encapsulated AITC in modified diatomite granules (GR) and measured the formulation's loading content and stability, environmental fate and efficacy against soil-borne pathogens, and its impact on the growth and yield of tomatoes. RESULTS We observed that an AITC loading content in the granules of 27.6% resulted in a degradation half-life of GR that was 1.94 times longer than 20% AITC emulsifiable concentrate in water (EW) and shorter than AITC technical (TC) grade. The stable and more even distribution of GR in soil resulted in relatively consistent and acceptable control of soil-borne pathogens. Soil containing AITC residues that remained 10-24 days after GR fumigation were not phytotoxic to cucumber seeds. GR significantly reduced soil-borne pest populations, and tomato growth and yield increased as AITC dosage increased. GR containing an AITC dose of 20 g m-2 effectively controlled pathogens in soil for about 7 months and improved tomato yield by 108%. CONCLUSION Our research demonstrates the benefits of soil fumigation with loaded AITC over other formulations for effective pest control, and improved tomato plant growth and fruit yield. Fumigant encapsulation appears to be a useful method to improve pest and disease control, environmental performance and fumigant commercial sustainability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anmin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang R, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Cheng Z, Chen H, Yao Y, Sun H. Heterogeneous Photodegradation Behavior of Liquid Crystal Monomers in Dust: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship and Product Identification. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:3908-3918. [PMID: 38329000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The heterogeneous photodegradation behavior of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in standard dust (standard reference material, SRM 2583) and environmental dust was investigated. The measured photodegradation ratios for 23 LCMs in SRM and environmental dust in 12 h were 11.1 ± 1.8 to 23.2 ± 1.1% and 8.7 ± 0.5 to 24.0 ± 2.8%, respectively. The degradation behavior of different LCM compounds varied depending on their structural properties. A quantitative structure-activity relationship model for predicting the degradation ratio of LCMs in SRM dust was established, which revealed that the molecular descriptors related to molecular polarizability, electronegativity, and molecular mass were closely associated with LCMs' photodegradation. The photodegradation products of the LCM compound 4'-propoxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (PBIPHCN) in dust, including •OH oxidation, C-O bond cleavage, and ring-opening products, were identified by nontarget analysis, and the corresponding degradation pathways were suggested. Some of the identified products, such as 4'-hydroxyethoxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile, showed predicted toxicity (with an oral rat lethal dose of 50%) comparable to that of PBIPHCN. The half-lives of the studied LCMs in SRM dust were estimated at 32.2-82.5 h by fitting an exponential decay curve to the observed photodegradation data. The photodegradation mechanisms of LCMs in dust were revealed for the first time, enhancing the understanding of LCMs' environmental behavior and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
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Wang H, Liu W, Chen J, Wang Z. Applicability Domains Based on Molecular Graph Contrastive Learning Enable Graph Attention Network Models to Accurately Predict 15 Environmental End Points. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16906-16917. [PMID: 37897806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In silico models for predicting physicochemical properties and environmental fate parameters are necessary for the sound management of chemicals. This study employed graph attention network (GAT) algorithms to construct such models on 15 end points. The results showed that the GAT models outperformed the previous state-of-the-art models, and their performance was not influenced by the presence or absence of compounds with certain structures. Molecular similarity density (ρs) was found to be a key metrics characterizing data set modelability, in addition to the proportion of compounds at activity cliffs. By introducing molecular graph (MG) contrastive learning, MG-based ρs and molecular inconsistency in activities (IA) were calculated and employed for characterizing the structure-activity landscape (SAL)-based applicability domain ADSAL{ρs, IA}. The GAT models coupled with ADSAL{ρs, IA} significantly improved the prediction coefficient of determination (R2) on all the end points by an average of 14.4% and enabled all the end points to have R2 > 0.9, which could hardly be achieved previously. The models were employed to screen persistent, mobile, and/or bioaccumulative chemicals from inventories consisting of about 106 chemicals. Given the current state-of-the-art model performance and coverage of the various environmental end points, the constructed models with ADSAL{ρs, IA} may serve as benchmarks for future efforts to improve modeling efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Hicks E, Rogers NMK, Hendren CO, Kuehn MJ, Wiesner MR. Extracellular Vesicles and Bacteriophages: New Directions in Environmental Biocolloid Research. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16728-16742. [PMID: 37898880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a long-standing appreciation among environmental engineers and scientists regarding the importance of biologically derived colloidal particles and their environmental fate. This interest has been recently renewed in considering bacteriophages and extracellular vesicles, which are each poised to offer engineers unique insights into fundamental aspects of environmental microbiology and novel approaches for engineering applications, including advances in wastewater treatment and sustainable agricultural practices. Challenges persist due to our limited understanding of interactions between these nanoscale particles with unique surface properties and their local environments. This review considers these biological particles through the lens of colloid science with attention given to their environmental impact and surface properties. We discuss methods developed for the study of inert (nonbiological) particle-particle interactions and the potential to use these to advance our understanding of the environmental fate and transport of extracellular vesicles and bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hicks
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas M K Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Pikula K, Johari SA, Santos-Oliveira R, Golokhvast K. Toxicity and Biotransformation of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Marine Microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10020. [PMID: 37373170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is related to the environmental toxicology risk assessment and evaluation of the possible transformation of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) after contact with marine microalgae. The materials used in the study represent common and widely applied multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerene (C60), graphene (Gr), and graphene oxide (GrO). The toxicity was evaluated as growth rate inhibition, esterase activity, membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation changes. The measurement was performed with flow cytometry after 3, 24, 96 h, and 7 days. The biotransformation of nanomaterials was evaluated after 7 days of microalgae cultivation with CNMs by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The calculated toxic level (EC50 in mg/L, 96 h) of used CNMs reduced in the following order: CNTs (18.98) > GrO (76.77) > Gr (159.40) > C60 (414.0). Oxidative stress and membrane depolarization were the main toxic action of CNTs and GrO. At the same time, Gr and C60 decreased the toxic action with time and had no negative impact on microalgae after 7 days of exposure even at the concentration of 125 mg/L. Moreover, C60 and Gr after 7 days of contact with microalgae cells obtained structural deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pikula
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran St, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rua Hélio de Almeida 75, Rio de Janeiro 21941906, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Radiopharmacy, Rio de Janeiro State University, R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro 23070200, Brazil
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, Centralnaya Str., Presidium, 633501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
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Liu R, Deng Y, Wu D, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yu S, Nie Y, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Systemic enantioselectivity study of penthiopyrad: enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity, degradation and influence on tomato. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:2107-2116. [PMID: 36722434 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to promote the green development of agriculture, it is important to study the enantioselective effect of chiral pesticides. The bioactivity of the chiral fungicide penthiopyrad (PEN) racemate and enantiomers against phytopathogens, toxicity to non-target organisms, effect on tomato fruit growth and maturation, and environmental fate in tomato cultivation were evaluated at an enantioselective level in this study. RESULTS The results indicated that at the same efficacy, the optically pure S-(+)-PEN could lower the dosage of racemate by 20-96%. The S-enantiomer had low toxicity to earthworms. Besides, the S-(+)-PEN did not cause significant abiotic stress to the tomato and increased fruit fresh weight and size via modulating the contents of plant hormones. However, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), superoxide (O2 - ) and malondialdehyde in the R-enantiomer treatment group was significantly higher than the control group. The effect of the racemate on tomato fruit was between the enantiomers. Furthermore, compared to R-(-)-PEN and racemate, the S-enantiomer degraded more quickly in tomato fruit, leaves, and soil, reducing the danger of human exposure. CONCLUSION The S-enantiomer is highly effective and less toxic. The development of enantiomer pure S-(+)-PEN products might be an efficient and low-risk strategy. The results lay the foundation for comprehensive evaluation and proper application of PEN. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Gonda N, Choyke S, Schaefer C, Higgins CP, Voelker B. Hydroxyl Radical Transformations of Perfluoroalkyl Acid (PFAA) Precursors in Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFFs). Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:8053-8064. [PMID: 37200532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Historical releases of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) are significant sources of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and their precursors, to the environment. While several studies have focused on microbial biotransformation of polyfluorinated precursors to PFAAs, the role of abiotic transformations at AFFF-impacted sites is less clear. Herein, we use photochemically generated hydroxyl radical to demonstrate that environmentally relevant concentrations of hydroxyl radical (•OH) can play a significant role in these transformations. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to perform targeted analysis, suspect screening, and nontargeted analyses, which were used to identify the major products of AFFF-derived PFASs as perfluorocarboxylic acids, though several potentially semi-stable intermediates were also observed. Using competition kinetics in a UV/H2O2 system, hydroxyl radical rate constants (kOH) for 24 AFFF-derived polyfluoroalkyl precursors were measured to be 0.28 to 3.4 × 109 M-1 s-1. Differences in kOH were observed for compounds with differing headgroups and perfluoroalkyl chain lengths. Also, differences in kOH measured for the only relevant precursor standard available, n-[3-propyl]tridecafluorohexanesulphonamide (AmPr-FHxSA), as compared to AmPr-FHxSA present in AFFF suggest that intermolecular associations in the AFFF matrix may affect kOH. Considering environmentally relevant [•OH]ss, polyfluoroalkyl precursors are expected to exhibit half-lives of ∼8 days in sunlit surface waters and possibly as short as ∼2 h during oxygenation of Fe(II)-rich subsurface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Gonda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sarah Choyke
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bettina Voelker
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Li R, Wu QM, Zhao GM, Hu WY, Tian K, Huang B, Wu XW, Liu F, Zhao YG, Zhao YC. [Research Progress and Prospect of Herbicide Residue Characteristics in Black Soil Region of China]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:2395-2408. [PMID: 37040988 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202206031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Food security is the top priority of a country. As an important granary in China, the northeast black land is a "ballast" to ensure national food security. However, the long-term and high-intensity application of herbicides in black land farmland has led to the accumulation and migration of herbicides in the soil, which affects soil quality, crop yield, and quality and hinders sustainable agricultural development in the black soil. To solve the problem of herbicide residues in black land farmland, it is necessary to control the application of herbicides from the source, as well as to elucidate the current situation, spatial and temporal evolution, and driving factors of herbicide residues, in order to achieve scientific prevention and control and precise policy implementation. The main contents of this study were as follows:1systematically summarize the application status and problems of herbicides in the farmland of black soil in China, suggesting that there are currently problems such as irregular application and insufficient product innovation of herbicides in the farmland of black soil; 2 comprehensively analyze the current status of herbicide residues, identify the deficiencies in recent studies on herbicide residue characteristics, spatial distribution, and pollution diagnosis in the farmland of black soil, and clarify the gaps in the research on the residue characteristics of herbicides in the farmland of black soil; and 3 propose the research prospect and key orientation for the herbicide residue diagnosis and risk management in the farmland of the black soil region of China. The results of this study can provide science and technology support for guaranteeing soil health, food security, and ecosystem security of black land farmland in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiu-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gui-Mei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wen-You Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Feng Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yong-Cun Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Clergeaud F, Giraudo M, Rodrigues AMS, Thorel E, Lebaron P, Stien D. On the Fate of Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) in Coral Tissue and Its Effect on Coral Metabolome. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040533. [PMID: 37110191 PMCID: PMC10141135 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensive use of sunscreen products has raised concerns regarding their environmental toxicity and the adverse impacts of ultraviolet (UV) filters on ecologically important coral communities. Prior metabolomic analyses on symbiotic coral Pocillopora damicornis exposed to the UV filter butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM, avobenzone) revealed unidentified ions in the holobiont metabolome. In the present study, follow-up differential metabolomic analyses in BM-exposed P. damicornis detected 57 ions with significantly different relative concentrations in exposed corals. The results showed an accumulation of 17 BM derivatives produced through BM reduction and esterification. The major derivative identified C16:0-dihydroBM, which was synthesized and used as a standard to quantify BM derivatives in coral extracts. The results indicated that relative amounts of BM derivatives made up to 95% of the total BM (w/w) absorbed in coral tissue after 7 days of exposure. Among the remaining metabolites annotated, seven compounds significantly affected by BM exposure could be attributed to the coral dinoflagellate symbiont, indicating that BM exposure might impair the photosynthetic capacity of the holobiont. The present results suggest that the potential role of BM in coral bleaching in anthropogenic areas should be investigated and that BM derivatives should be considered in future assessments on the fate and effects of BM in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Clergeaud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, UAR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Maeva Giraudo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, UAR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alice M S Rodrigues
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, UAR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Fédération de Recherche, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Evane Thorel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, UAR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Philippe Lebaron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, UAR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, UAR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhao W, Liu Y, Liu T, Yang P. The Migration Rules of Malathion during Indoor Simulated Lake Freezing. Toxics 2023; 11:222. [PMID: 36976987 PMCID: PMC10058687 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of malathion in ice is a poorly researched area, and ice is an important habitat for organisms at the base of the food web. This study presents laboratory-controlled experiments designed to investigate the migration rule of malathion during lake freezing. Concentrations of malathion were determined in samples of melted ice and in under-ice water. The effects of the initial sample concentration, freezing ratio, and freezing temperature on the distribution of malathion in the ice-water system were investigated. The concentration effect and migration capacity of malathion during freezing was characterized by the concentration rate and distribution coefficient. The results showed that the formation of ice led to the concentration of malathion appearing as follows: concentration in under-ice water > concentration in raw water > concentration in ice. This implied that malathion tended to migrate from the ice to the under-ice water during the freezing process. The increase in the initial malathion concentration, freezing ratio, and freezing temperature caused a more pronounced repulsion of the malathion by the ice and increased the migration to the under-ice water. When the solution of malathion with an initial concentration of 50 μg/L was frozen at -9 °C and the freezing ratio reached 60%, the concentration of malathion in the under-ice water was concentrated to 2.34 times the initial concentration. The migration of malathion to under-ice water during freezing may pose a potential threat to under-ice ecology; therefore, the environmental quality and impact of under-ice water in icebound lakes needs to be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xiaozhuang Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Wanli Zhao
- Logistics Division, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yucan Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Tongshuai Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Peiyuan Yang
- College of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China
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12
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Wu Q, Wu Q, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang R. Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers in the Environment: A Review and Future Perspectives. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3982. [PMID: 36900991 PMCID: PMC10002337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) are a class of synthetic halogenated aromatic compounds, which have gradually attracted widespread attention due to potential environmental risks to humans and ecosystems. This paper presents a literature review of research on PCDEs using PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar as search engines/databases with no constraints on publishing year or number. A total of 98 publications on the sources, environmental levels, environmental behavior and fate, synthesis and analysis and toxicology of PCDEs were retrieved. Existing studies have shown that PCDEs widely exist in the environment with the ability of long-range transport, bioaccumulation and biomagnification, which are almost comparable to polychlorinated biphenyls. They can elicit adverse effects including hepatic oxidative stress, immunosuppression, endocrine disorders, growth retardation, malformations, reduced fertility and increased mortality in organisms, among which some seem to be related to the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. PCDEs can be metabolized into other organic pollutants, such as hydroxylated and methoxylated PCDEs and even polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans through biotransformation, photolysis and pyrolysis reactions in the environment. Compared with reviews on PCDEs published previously, some new information and findings are summarized in this review, such as new sources, current environmental exposure levels, main metabolism pathways in aquatic organisms, acute toxicity data for more species and relationships between structural parameters and toxicity and bioaccumulation potentials of PCDE congeners. Finally, current research deficiencies and future research perspectives are proposed to facilitate the assessment of health and ecological risks of PCDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxuan Wu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Institute for Carbon-Neutral Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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13
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Deonarine A, Schwartz GE, Ruhl LS. Environmental Impacts of Coal Combustion Residuals: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:1855-1869. [PMID: 36693217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
On-site solid-waste impoundments, landfills, and receiving water bodies have served as long-term disposal sites for coal combustion residuals (CCRs) across the United States for decades and collectively contain billions of tons of CCR material. CCR components include fine particulate material, minerals, and trace elements such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, lead, etc., which can have deleterious effects on ecosystem functioning and public health. Effects on communities can occur through consumption of drinking water, fish, and other aquatic organisms. The structural failure of impoundments, water infiltration, leakage from impoundments due to poor construction and monitoring, and CCR effluent discharges to water bodies have in the past resulted in harmful environmental impacts. Moreover, the risks posed by CCRs are present to this day, as coal continues to account for 11% of the energy production in the United States. In this Critical Review, the legacy of CCR disposal and the concomitant risks posed to public health and ecosystems are assessed. The resiliency of CCR disposal sites in the context of increased frequency and intensity of storm events and other hazards, such as floods and earthquakes, is also evaluated. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the environmental fate of CCR-derived elements, as well as advances in and limitations of analytical tools, which can improve the current understanding of CCR environmental impacts in order to mitigate the associated risks. An assessment of the 2015 Coal Ash Final Rule is also presented, along with needs to improve monitoring of CCR disposal sites and regulatory enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrika Deonarine
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 911 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
| | - Grace E Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29303, United States
| | - Laura S Ruhl
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Arkansas Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
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14
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Wang S, Wang X, He Q, Lin H, Chang H, Liu Y, Sun H, Song X. Analysis of the fungicidal efficacy, environmental fate, and safety of the application of a mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin mixture to control mango anthracnose. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:400-410. [PMID: 36373789 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mango anthracnose is among the most severe diseases impacting mango yields and quality. While this disease can be effectively controlled through chemical means, it is vital that appropriate field efficacy and fate determination studies be conducted when applying pesticides to crops in order to appropriately gauge the ecological and health risks associated with the use of these agents. RESULTS GAP field trials were conducted to explore the efficacy, dissipation, and terminal residues associated with the application of mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin to mango crops in six locations throughout China. These analyses revealed that three applications of mefentrifluconazole [160 mg active ingredient (a.i.) kg-1 ] in combination with pyraclostrobin mixture achieved satisfactory disease control efficacy. To simultaneously detect mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin residues on mangoes, a 'quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe' (QuEChERS) high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)-based approach was established. The initial mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 0.34 mg kg-1 , and these two compounds exhibited respective half-lives of 5.6 to 10.8 days and 5.5 to 9.0 days. At 21 days following foliage application, the terminal mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin residue concentrations were 0.02-0.04 and 0.01-0.04 mg kg-1 , with these concentrations being below the maximum residue limit (MRL) established for pyraclostrobin. Both short-term [acute reference dose percent (ARfD%) 0.78-2.36% and 2.0-6.08%] and chronic [acceptable daily intake percent (ADI%) 0.08-0.47% and 0.09-0.55%] dietary intake risk assessments for mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin indicated that these terminal residue concentrations are acceptable for the general population. CONCLUSION Mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin in mango was rapidly degraded following first-order kinetics models. The dietary risk of mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin through mango was negligible to consumers. The application of a 400 g L-1 mefentrifluconazole-pyraclostrobin suspension concentrate mixture represents a highly efficacious fungicidal approach to controlling mango anthracnose that exhibits significant potential for development as it is easily degraded and associated with low residual concentrations after application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Guangdong Quality Safety Center of Agricultural Products, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haidan Lin
- Guangdong Quality Safety Center of Agricultural Products, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chang
- Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Song
- Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Ariyarathna T, Twarz S, Tobias C. Adsorption and Removal Kinetics of 2,4-Dinitroanisole and Nitrotriazolone in Contrasting Freshwater Sediments: Batch Study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023; 42:46-59. [PMID: 36342340 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental release of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is of great concern due to high migration potential in the environment. In the present study we evaluated the adsorption and microbially-mediated removal kinetics of dissolved DNAN and NTO in contrasting freshwater sediments with different total organic carbon (TOC) content. River sand (low TOC), pond silt (high TOC), clay-rich lake sediment (low TOC), wetland silt (high TOC), carbonate sand (low TOC), and iron-rich clay (low TOC) were evaluated. Separate abiotic and biotic bench-top sediment slurry incubations were carried out at 23, 15, and 4 °C for DNAN and NTO. Experiments were conducted over 3 weeks. Time series aqueous samples and sediment samples collected at the end of the experiment were analyzed for DNAN and NTO concentrations. The DNAN compound equilibrated with sediment within the first 2 h after addition whereas NTO showed no adsorption. 2,4-Dinitroanisole adsorbed more onto fine-grained organic-rich sediments (Kd = 2-40 L kg-1 sed-1 ) than coarse-grained organic-poor sediments (Kd = 0.2-0.6 L kg-1 sed-1 ), and the TOC content and cation exchange capacity of sediment were reliable predictors for abiotic DNAN adsorption. Adsorption rate constants and equilibrium partitioning constants for DNAN were inversely proportional to temperature in all sediment types. The biotic removal half-life of DNAN was faster (t1/2 = 0.1-58 h) than that of NTO (t1/2 = 5-347 h) in all sediment slurries. Biotic removal rates (t1/2 = 0.1-58 h) were higher than abiotic rates (t1/2 = 0.3-107 h) for DNAN at 23 °C. Smaller grain size coupled with higher TOC content enhanced biotic NTO and DNAN removal in freshwater environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:46-59. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivanka Ariyarathna
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sydney Twarz
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig Tobias
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Wang X, Chen L, Ren X, Kang S, Li W, Chen Z. A Nationwide Study of Residual Fate of Fluxapyroxad and Its Metabolites in Peanut Crops Across China: Assessment of Human Exposure Potential. Molecules 2022; 28. [PMID: 36615390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaborating on the residual fate of fluxapyroxad and its metabolites based on their nationwide application was vital to protect the human population from their hazardous effects. In this study, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed to trace fluxapyroxad and two of its metabolites in peanut matrices using an ultrahigh chromatography method coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC−MS/MS) within 3.5 min. The occurrence, pharmacokinetic degradation and terminal magnitudes of fluxapyroxad were reflected in the original deposition of 8.41−38.15 mg/kg, half−lives of 2.5−8.6 d and final concentrations of 0.004−37.38 mg/kg in peanut straw. The total concentrations of fluxapyroxad in peanut straw (0.04−39.28 mg/kg) were significantly higher than those in peanut kernels (<0.001−0.005 mg/kg) and an obvious concentration effect was observed in fresh (0.01−11.56 mg/kg) compared dried peanut straw (0.04−38.97 mg/kg). Fluxapyroxad was demethylated to 3−(difluoromethyl)−N−(3′,4′,5′−trifluoro[1,1′−biphenyl]−2−yl)−1H−pyrazole−4−carboxamide (M700F008, 0.02−5.69 mg/kg) and further N−glycosylated to 3−(difluoromethyl)−1−(ß−D−glucopyranosyl)−N−(3′,4′,5′−triflurobipheny−2−yl)−1H−pyrzaole−4−carboxamide (M700F048, 0.04−39.28 mg/kg).The risk quotients of the total fluxapyroxad for the urban groups were significantly higher than those for the rural groups, and were both negatively correlated with the age of the groups, although both acute (ARfD%, 0.006−0.012%) and chronic (ADI%, 0.415−1.289%) risks are acceptable for the human population. The high-potential health risks of fluxapyroxad should be continuously emphasized for susceptible toddlers (1−3 years), especially those residing in urban areas.
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17
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Valentine K, Cross R, Cox R, Woodmancy G, Boxall ABA. Caddisfly Larvae are a Driver of Plastic Litter Breakdown and Microplastic Formation in Freshwater Environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:3058-3069. [PMID: 36200670 PMCID: PMC9827824 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic litter is now pervasive in the aquatic environment. Several marine and terrestrial organisms can fragment plastic with their feeding appendages, facilitating its breakdown and generating microplastics. However, similar studies with freshwater organisms are extremely limited. We explored the interactions between the caddisfly larvae Agrypnia sp. and polylactic acid (PLA) film. The use of plastic by larvae to build their protective cases was investigated, along with their ability to fragment the plastic film as they do with leaf litter. Caddisfly consistently incorporated PLA into their cases alongside leaf material. They also used their feeding appendages to rapidly fragment PLA-forming hundreds of submillimeter-sized microplastics. Although larvae showed a preference for leaf material when constructing cases, plastic use and fragmentation still occurred when leaf material was replete, indicating that this behavior is likely to occur in natural environments that are polluted with plastics. This is thought to be the first documented evidence of active plastic modification by a freshwater invertebrate and therefore reveals a previously unidentified mechanism of plastic fragmentation and microplastic formation in freshwater. Further work is now needed to determine the extent of this behavior across freshwater taxa and the potential implications for the wider ecosystem. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3058-3069. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey Valentine
- Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonUK
| | | | - Ruairidh Cox
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyWallingfordUK
| | - Gina Woodmancy
- Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonUK
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18
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Bathi JR, Roy S, Tareq S, Potts GE, Palchoudhury S, Sweck SO, Gadhamshetty V. Dispersion and Aggregation Fate of Individual and Co-Existing Metal Nanoparticles under Environmental Aqueous Suspension Conditions. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6733. [PMID: 36234074 PMCID: PMC9572943 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of diverse metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in a wide range of commercial products has led to their co-existence in the aqueous environment. The current study explores the dispersion and aggregation fate of five prominent MNPs (silver, copper, iron, nickel, and titanium), in both their individual and co-existing forms. We address a knowledge gap regarding their environmental fate under turbulent condition akin to flowing rivers. We present tandem analytical techniques based on dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy for discerning their dispersion behavior under residence times of turbulence, ranging from 0.25 to 4 h. The MNPs displayed a multimodal trend for dispersion and aggregation behavior with suspension time in aqueous samples. The extent of dispersion was variable and depended upon intrinsic properties of MNPs. However, the co-existing MNPs displayed a dominant hetero-aggregation effect, independent of the residence times. Further research with use of real-world environmental samples can provide additional insights on the effects of sample chemistry on MNPs fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jejal Reddy Bathi
- Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Shuvashish Roy
- Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Syed Tareq
- Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Gretchen E. Potts
- Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Soubantika Palchoudhury
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park Ave, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Samantha O. Sweck
- Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Civil, and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
- 2-Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2DBEST) Center, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
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19
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Zou W, Zhao C, Zhang X, Jin C, Jiang K, Zhou Q. Mitigation Effects and Associated Mechanisms of Environmentally Relevant Thiols on the Phytotoxicity of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:9556-9568. [PMID: 35576172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thorough investigations of the environmental fate and risks are necessary for the safe application of engineered nanomaterials. Nevertheless, the current understanding of potential transformations of MoS2 (an intensively studied two-dimensional nanosheet) upon interactions with ubiquitous environmentally relevant thiols (ERTs) in water is limited. This study revealed that two ERTs, l-cysteine and mercaptoacetic acid, could modify MoS2 by covalently grafting thiol groups on S atoms of 1T phases, improving the colloidal persistence and chemical stability of MoS2. Compared with the pristine form, MoS2-thiols with higher dispersity exhibited significantly mitigated envelopment and ultrastructural damage to microalgae. MoS2-triggered growth inhibition, upregulation of reactive oxygen species, photosynthetic injury, and metabolic perturbation in algae were remarkably attenuated by ERTs. The diminished capability for MoS2 to generate reactive intermediates and glutathione oxidation driven by ERTs caused the weakness of oxidative stress and negative effects. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that ERTs altered the extent of the influence of MoS2 on the secondary structures and functions of adsorbed intracellular proteins, which also contributed to the lower phytotoxicity of MoS2. Our findings provide evidence for the crucial role of specific organic ligands in the risk of MoS2 in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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20
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Xie Y, May AL, Chen G, Brown LP, Powers JB, Tague ED, Campagna SR, Löffler FE. Pseudomonas sp. Strain 273 Incorporates Organofluorine into the Lipid Bilayer during Growth with Fluorinated Alkanes. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8155-8166. [PMID: 35642897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic organofluorine compounds are recalcitrant, globally distributed, and a human health concern. Although rare, natural processes synthesize fluorinated compounds, and some bacteria have evolved mechanisms to metabolize organofluorine compounds. Pseudomonas sp. strain 273 grows with 1-fluorodecane (FD) and 1,10-difluorodecane (DFD) as carbon sources, but inorganic fluoride release was not stoichiometric. Metabolome studies revealed that this bacterium produces fluorinated anabolites and phospholipids. Mass spectrometric fatty acid profiling detected fluorinated long-chain (i.e., C12-C19) fatty acids in strain 273 cells grown with FD or DFD, and lipidomic profiling determined that 7.5 ± 0.2 and 82.0 ± 1.0% of the total phospholipids in strain 273 grown with FD or DFD, respectively, were fluorinated. The detection of the fluorinated metabolites and macromolecules represents a heretofore unrecognized sink for organofluorine, an observation with consequences for the environmental fate and transport of fluorinated aliphatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Amanda L May
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lindsay P Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Joshua B Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Eric D Tague
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- University of Tennessee - Oak Ridge Innovation Institute, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Frank E Löffler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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21
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Pang S, Lin Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Microbial Degradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin: Mechanisms and Biochemical Pathways. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:713375. [PMID: 35422769 PMCID: PMC9002305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.713375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As members of the organochlorine group of insecticides, aldrin and dieldrin are effective at protecting agriculture from insect pests. However, because of excessive use and a long half-life, they have contributed to the major pollution of the water/soil environments. Aldrin and dieldrin have been reported to be highly toxic to humans and other non-target organisms, and so their use has gradually been banned worldwide. Various methods have been tried to remove them from the environment, including xenon lamps, combustion, ion conversion, and microbial degradation. Microbial degradation is considered the most promising treatment method because of its advantages of economy, environmental protection, and convenience. To date, a few aldrin/dieldrin-degrading microorganisms have been isolated and identified, including Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, Pleurotus ostreatus, Mucor racemosus, Burkholderia sp., Cupriavidus sp., Pseudonocardia sp., and a community of anaerobic microorganisms. Many aldrin/dieldrin resistance genes have been identified from insects and microorganisms, such as Rdl, bph, HCo-LGC-38, S2-RDLA302S, CSRDL1A, CSRDL2S, HaRdl-1, and HaRdl-2. Aldrin degradation includes three pathways: the oxidation pathway, the reduction pathway, and the hydroxylation pathway, with dieldrin as a major metabolite. Degradation of dieldrin includes four pathways: oxidation, reduction, hydroxylation, and hydrolysis, with 9-hydroxydieldrin and dihydroxydieldrin as major products. Many studies have investigated the toxicity and degradation of aldrin/dieldrin. However, few reviews have focused on the microbial degradation and biochemical mechanisms of aldrin/dieldrin. In this review paper, the microbial degradation and degradation mechanisms of aldrin/dieldrin are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the bioremediation of aldrin/dieldrin-polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Halasz A, Hawari J, Perreault NN. Photolysis of the Insensitive Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010214. [PMID: 35011446 PMCID: PMC8746464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is of particular interest due to its extreme insensitivity to impact, shock and heat, while providing a good detonation velocity. To determine its fate under environmental conditions, TATB powder was irradiated with simulated sunlight and, in water, under UV light at 254 nm. The hydrolysis of particles submerged in neutral and alkaline solutions was also examined. We found that, by changing experimental conditions (e.g., light source, and mass and physical state of TATB), the intermediates and final products were slightly different. Mono-benzofurazan was the major transformation product in both irradiation systems. Two minor transformation products, the aci-nitro form of TATB and 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenol, were detected under solar light, while 1,3,5-triamino-2-nitroso-4,6-dinitrobenzene, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4-dinitrobenzene and mono-benzofuroxan were produced under UV light. The product identified as 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenol was identical to the one formed in the dark under alkaline conditions (pH 13) and in water incubated at either 50 °C or aged at ambient conditions. Interestingly, when only a few milligrams of TATB were irradiated with simulated sunlight, the aci-isomer and mono-benzofurazan derivative were detected; however, the hydrolysis product 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenol formed only much later in the absence of light. This suggests that the water released from TATB to form mono-benzofurazan was trapped in the interstitial space between the TATB layers and slowly hydrolyzed the relatively stable aci-nitro intermediate to 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenol. This environmentally relevant discovery provides data on the fate of TATB in surface environments exposed to sunlight, which can transform the insoluble substrate into more soluble and corrosive derivatives, such as 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrophenol, and that some hydrolytic transformation can continue even without light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Halasz
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada;
| | - Jalal Hawari
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Nancy N. Perreault
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Abstract
The environmental fate of polymers has attracted growing attention in the academic, industrial, and regulatory communities as well as in the general public as global production and use of polymers continue to increase. Biodegradable polymers especially have drawn significant interest. Polymer biodegradation literature published over the past decade was reviewed to compare test methods commonly used for evaluating polymer biodegradation, and to identify key areas for improvement. This paper examines key aspects of study design for polymer biodegradation such as physical form of the test material, use of appropriate reference materials, selection of test systems, and advantages and limitations of various analytical methods for determining biodegradation. Those aspects of study design are critical for determining the outcome of polymer biodegradation studies. This paper identifies several knowledge gaps for assessing polymer biodegradation and provides four key recommendations. (1) develop standardized guidelines for each specific environmental matrix (compost, activated sludge, marine environments, etc.) that can used for all polymer types, (2) develop accelerated biodegradation test methods and predictive methods for polymers, (3) develop an integrated analytical approach using multiple simple, and effective analytical methods, and (4) develop new frameworks for assessing the overall persistence of polymers and are accepted by the greater scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vurtice C Albright
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Yunzhou Chai
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, 1803 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
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24
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Xu G, Jia X, Wu C, Liu X, Dong F. Chiral Fungicide Famoxadone: Stereoselective Bioactivity, Aquatic Toxicity, and Environmental Behavior in Soils. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:8530-8535. [PMID: 34313440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the stereoselective bioactivity, acute toxicity, and environmental fate for famoxadone enantiomers were reported for the first time. Five representative pathogens (e.g., Alternaria solani) were used to investigate enantioselective activity, and three non-target organisms (e.g., Selenastrum bibraianum) were used to evaluate acute toxicity. S-Famoxadone was 3.00-6.59 times more effective than R-famoxadone. R-Famoxadone also showed 1.80-6.40 times more toxicity than S-famoxadone toward S. bibraianum and Daphnia magna. The toxicity of R-famoxadone was 100 times more toxic than S-famoxadone toward Danio rerio. Under aerobic conditions, the half-life (t1/2) for famoxadone enantiomer degradation was 46.2-126 days in different soils and the enantiomeric fraction (EF) ranged from 0.435 to 0.470 after 120 days. R-Famoxadone preferentially degraded in three soils, resulting in an enrichment of S-famoxadone. Under anaerobic conditions, t1/2 of famoxadone enantiomers was 62.4-147 days in different soils and the EF ranged from 0.489 to 0.495, indicating that famoxadone enantiomers were not enantioselective. This study will be useful for the environmental and health risk assessments for famoxadone enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Xu
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning 125100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Jia
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning 125100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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25
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Markiewicz K, Białk-Bielińska A, Łukaszewicz P, Stepnowski P, Dołżonek J. Insight into the Sorption of 5-Fluorouracil and Methotrexate onto Soil-pH, Ionic Strength, and Co-Contaminant Influence. Molecules 2021; 26:1674. [PMID: 33802784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays anticancer drugs (ADs), like other pharmaceuticals, are recognized as new emerging pollutants, meaning that they are not commonly monitored in the environment; however, they have great potential to enter the environment and cause adverse effects there. The current scientific literature highlights the problem of their presence in the aquatic environment by publishing more and more results on their analytics and ecotoxicological evaluation. In order to properly assess the risk associated with the presence of ADs in the environment, it is also necessary to investigate the processes that are important in understanding the environmental fate of these compounds. However, the state of knowledge on mobility of ADs in the environment is still very limited. Therefore, the main aim of our study was to investigate the sorption potential of two anticancer drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate (MTX), onto different soils. Special attention was paid to the determination of the influence of pH and ionic strength as well as presence of co-contaminants (cadmium (Cd2+) and another pharmaceutical-metoprolol (MET)) on the sorption of 5-FU and MTX onto soil. The obtained distribution coefficient values (Kd) ranged from 2.52 to 6.36 L·kg-1 and from 6.79 to 12.94 L·kg-1 for 5-FU and MTX, respectively. Investigated compounds may be classified as slightly or low mobile in the soil matrix (depending on soil). 5-FU may be recognized as more mobile in comparison to MET. It was proved that presence of other soil contaminants may strongly influence their mobility in soil structures. The investigated co-contaminant (MET) caused around 25-fold increased sorption of 5-FU, whereas diminished sorption of MTX. Moreover, the influence of environmental conditions such as pH and ionic strength on their sorption has been clearly demonstrated.
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26
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Lunghini F, Gilles M, Azam P, Enrici MH, Van Miert E, Varnek A. Visualization and Analysis of the REACH-chemical Space with Generative Topographic Mapping. Mol Inform 2020; 40:e2000232. [PMID: 33231933 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of REACH (Registration Evaluation Authorization and restriction of Chemicals) regulation, industries have generated and reported a huge amount of (eco)toxicological data on substance produced or imported in Europe. The registration procedure initiated the creation of a large REACH database of well defined (eco)toxicological properties. Here, the data distribution in the REACH chemical space was analyzed with the help of the Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) approach. GTM generates 2-dimensional maps on which each compound is represented as a data point. The 3rd dimension can be used in order to display a distribution of the given (eco)toxicological property, which can further be used for property assessment of new compounds projected on the map. We report the "Universal REACH map" which accommodates 11 endpoints, covering environmental fate and (eco)toxicological properties. This map demonstrates acceptable predictive performance: in cross-validation, balanced accuracy ranges from 0.60 to 0.78. The 11 endpoints profile has been computed for each REACH-registered substance. Some concerns related to acute aquatic toxicity have been identified, whereas for environmental fate and human health endpoints the amount of compounds predicted as of concern was much smaller. It has been demonstrated that superposition of several class landscapes allows to select the zones in the chemical space populated by compounds with a given (eco)toxicological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Lunghini
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics - UMR7140, University of Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France.,Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment unit, Solvay S.A., 85, avenue des Frères Perret, 69192, St. Fons, France
| | - Marcou Gilles
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics - UMR7140, University of Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Azam
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment unit, Solvay S.A., 85, avenue des Frères Perret, 69192, St. Fons, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Enrici
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment unit, Solvay S.A., 85, avenue des Frères Perret, 69192, St. Fons, France
| | - Erik Van Miert
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment unit, Solvay S.A., 85, avenue des Frères Perret, 69192, St. Fons, France
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics - UMR7140, University of Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Singh S, Kumar V, Gill JPK, Datta S, Singh S, Dhaka V, Kapoor D, Wani AB, Dhanjal DS, Kumar M, Harikumar SL, Singh J. Herbicide Glyphosate: Toxicity and Microbial Degradation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7519. [PMID: 33076575 PMCID: PMC7602795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a non-specific organophosphate pesticide, which finds widespread application in shielding crops against the weeds. Its high solubility in hydrophilic solvents, especially water and high mobility allows the rapid leaching of the glyphosate into the soil leading to contamination of groundwater and accumulation into the plant tissues, therefore intricating the elimination of the herbicides. Despite the widespread application, only a few percentages of the total applied glyphosate serve the actual purpose, dispensing the rest in the environment, thus resulting in reduced crop yields, low quality agricultural products, deteriorating soil fertility, contributing to water pollution, and consequently threatening human and animal life. This review gives an insight into the toxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate and current approaches to track and identify trace amounts of this agrochemical along with its biodegradability and possible remediating strategies. Efforts have also been made to summarize the biodegradation mechanisms and catabolic enzymes involved in glyphosate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160059, India
- Regional Advance Water Testing Laboratory, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar 160054, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, India;
| | | | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College Jalandhar, Jalandhar 144001, India;
| | - Satyender Singh
- Regional Advance Water Testing Laboratory, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar 160054, India;
| | - Vaishali Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Abdul Basit Wani
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, India; (M.K.); (S.L.H.)
| | - S. L. Harikumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, India; (M.K.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
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28
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Aryal N, Wood J, Rijal I, Deng D, Jha MK, Ofori-Boadu A. Fate of environmental pollutants: A review. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:1587-1594. [PMID: 32671926 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A review of the literature published in 2019 on topics associated with the fate of environmental pollutants is presented. Environmental pollutants covered include pharmaceuticals, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, pesticides and veterinary medicines, personal care products and emerging pollutants, PFAS, microplastics, nanomaterials, heavy metals and radionuclides, nutrients, pathogens and indicator organisms, and oil and hydrocarbons. For each pollutant, the occurrence in the environment and/or their fate in engineered as well as natural systems in matrices including water, soil, wastewater, stormwater, runoff, and/or manure is presented based on the published literature. The review includes current developments in understanding pollutants in natural and engineered systems, and relevant physico-chemical processes, as well as biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroj Aryal
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Jonae Wood
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Ishara Rijal
- Agricultural Research Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Dongyang Deng
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Manoj K Jha
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Andrea Ofori-Boadu
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
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29
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Brander SM, Renick VC, Foley MM, Steele C, Woo M, Lusher A, Carr S, Helm P, Box C, Cherniak S, Andrews RC, Rochman CM. Sampling and Quality Assurance and Quality Control: A Guide for Scientists Investigating the Occurrence of Microplastics Across Matrices. Appl Spectrosc 2020; 74:1099-1125. [PMID: 32643389 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820945713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a defining environmental contaminant and is considered to be one of the greatest environmental threats of the Anthropocene, with its presence documented across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The majority of this plastic debris falls into the micro (1 μm-5 mm) or nano (1-1000 nm) size range and comes from primary and secondary sources. Its small size makes it cumbersome to isolate and analyze reproducibly, and its ubiquitous distribution creates numerous challenges when controlling for background contamination across matrices (e.g., sediment, tissue, water, air). Although research on microplastics represents a relatively nascent subfield, burgeoning interest in questions surrounding the fate and effects of these debris items creates a pressing need for harmonized sampling protocols and quality control approaches. For results across laboratories to be reproducible and comparable, it is imperative that guidelines based on vetted protocols be readily available to research groups, many of which are either new to plastics research or, as with any new subfield, have arrived at current approaches through a process of trial-and-error rather than in consultation with the greater scientific community. The goals of this manuscript are to (i) outline the steps necessary to conduct general as well as matrix-specific quality assurance and quality control based on sample type and associated constraints, (ii) briefly review current findings across matrices, and (iii) provide guidance for the design of sampling regimes. Specific attention is paid to the source of microplastic pollution as well as the pathway by which contamination occurs, with details provided regarding each step in the process from generating appropriate questions to sampling design and collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Brander
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Violet C Renick
- Environmental Services Department, Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, USA
| | | | - Clare Steele
- California State University Channel Islands, Environmental Science and Resource Management, Camarillo, USA
| | - Mary Woo
- California State University Channel Islands, Environmental Science and Resource Management, Camarillo, USA
| | - Amy Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Steve Carr
- San Jose Creek Water Quality Laboratory, County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles, Whittier, USA
| | - Paul Helm
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sam Cherniak
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert C Andrews
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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30
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Lunghini F, Marcou G, Azam P, Enrici MH, Van Miert E, Varnek A. Publicly available QSPR models for environmental media persistence. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2020; 31:493-510. [PMID: 32588650 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1776387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of persistency of chemicals in environmental media (water, soil, sediment) is included in European Regulations, in the context of the Persistence, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity (PBT) assessment. In silico predictions are valuable alternatives for compounds screening and prioritization. However, already existing prediction tools have limitations: narrow applicability domains due to their relatively small training sets, and lack of medium-specific models. A dataset of 1579 unique compounds has been collected, merging several persistence data sources annotated by, at least, one experimental dissipation half-life value for the given environmental medium. This dataset was used to train binary classification models discriminating persistent/non-persistent (P/nP) compounds based on REACH half-life thresholds on sediment, water and soil compartments. Models were built using ISIDA (In SIlico design and Data Analysis) fragment descriptors and support vector regression, random forest and naïve Bayesian machine-learning methods. All models scored satisfactory performances: sediment being the most performing one (BAext = 0.91), followed by water (BAext = 0.77) and soil (BAext = 0.76). The latter suffer from low detection of persistent ('P') compounds (Snext = 0.50), reflecting discrepancies in reported half-life measurements among the different data sources. Generated models and collected data are made publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lunghini
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Solvay S.A ., St. Fons, France
| | - G Marcou
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - P Azam
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Solvay S.A ., St. Fons, France
| | - M H Enrici
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Solvay S.A ., St. Fons, France
| | - E Van Miert
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Solvay S.A ., St. Fons, France
| | - A Varnek
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
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31
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Lunghini F, Marcou G, Gantzer P, Azam P, Horvath D, Van Miert E, Varnek A. Modelling of ready biodegradability based on combined public and industrial data sources. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2020; 31:171-186. [PMID: 31858821 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1697360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The European Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances Regulation, requires marketed chemicals to be evaluated for Ready Biodegradability (RB), considering in silico prediction as valid alternative to experimental testing. However, currently available models may not be relevant to predict compounds of industrial interest, due to accuracy and applicability domain restriction issues. In this work, we present a new and extended RB dataset (2830 compounds), issued by the merging of several public data sources. It was used to train classification models, which were externally validated and benchmarked against already-existing tools on a set of 316 compounds coming from the industrial context. New models showed good performances in terms of predictive power (Balance Accuracy (BA) = 0.74-0.79) and data coverage (83-91%). The Generative Topographic Mapping approach identified several chemotypes and structural motifs unique to the industrial dataset, highlighting for which chemical classes currently available models may have less reliable predictions. Finally, public and industrial data were merged into global dataset containing 3146 compounds. This is the biggest dataset reported in the literature so far, covering some chemotypes absent in the public data. Thus, predictive model developed on the Global dataset has larger applicability domain than the existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lunghini
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics - UMR7140, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Solvay S.A., St. Fons, France
| | - G Marcou
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics - UMR7140, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Gantzer
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics - UMR7140, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Azam
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Solvay S.A., St. Fons, France
| | - D Horvath
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics - UMR7140, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Van Miert
- Toxicological and Environmental Risk Assessment Unit, Solvay S.A., St. Fons, France
| | - A Varnek
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics - UMR7140, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Bachman P, Fischer J, Song Z, Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Watson G. Environmental Fate and Dissipation of Applied dsRNA in Soil, Aquatic Systems, and Plants. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 32117368 PMCID: PMC7016216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Two primary use patterns exist for dsRNA-based products for crop protection: in planta produced dsRNA such as in a genetically engineered (GE) crop; and topically applied dsRNA such as a spray application. To enable effective environmental risk assessments for these products, dsRNA must be successfully measured in relevant environmental compartments (soil, sediment, surface water) to provide information on potential exposure. This perspective reviews results from numerous environmental fate and degradation studies with topically applied unformulated dsRNAs to demonstrate the high lability of these molecules and low potential for persistence in the environment. Additionally, we report on results of a pilot study of topically applied dsRNA on soybean plants demonstrating similar rapid degradation under field conditions. Microbial degradation of nucleic acids in environmental compartments has been shown to be a key driver for this lack of persistence. In fact, the instability of dsRNA in the environment has posed a challenge for the development of commercial topically-applied products. Formulations or other approaches that mitigate environmental degradation may lead to development of commercially successful products but may change the known degradation kinetics of dsRNAs. The formulation of these products and the resultant impacts on the stability of the dsRNA in environmental compartments will need to be addressed using problem formulation and product formulation testing may be required on a case by case basis to ensure an effective risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bachman
- Science Organization, The Climate Corporation, Creve Coeur, MO, United States
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Joshua Fischer
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Zihong Song
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | | | - Greg Watson
- Regulatory Science, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States
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Wood TJ, Kaplan I, Zhang Y, Szendrei Z. Honeybee dietary neonicotinoid exposure is associated with pollen collection from agricultural weeds. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190989. [PMID: 31213190 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides have been linked to bee declines. However, tracking the primary exposure route for bees in the field has proven to be a major logistical challenge, impeding efforts to restore pollinator health in agricultural landscapes. We quantified neonicotinoid concentrations and botanical species composition in 357 pollen samples collected from 114 commercial honeybee colonies placed along a gradient of agricultural intensity between June and September. Neonicotinoid concentrations increased through the season, peaking at the end of August. As a result, concentrations in pollen were negatively associated with collection from woody and crop plants that flower early-mid season, and positively associated with collection from herbaceous plants that flower mid-late season. Higher clothianidin and thiamethoxam residues were correlated with samples containing a greater proportion of pollen collected from agricultural weeds. The percentage of agricultural land within 1500 m was positively correlated with thiamethoxam concentration; however, this spatial relationship was far weaker than the relationship with the proportion of pollen collected from herbaceous plants. These results indicate that both plant species identity and agricultural dominance are important in determining honeybee neonicotinoid exposure through the pollen diet, but that uncultivated plants associated with agriculture are the source of the greatest acute exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wood
- 1 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | - I Kaplan
- 2 Department of Entomology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN , USA
| | - Y Zhang
- 1 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
| | - Z Szendrei
- 1 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA
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Kühnel D, Krug HF, Kokalj AJ. Environmental Impacts of Engineered Nanomaterials-Imbalances in the Safety Assessment of Selected Nanomaterials. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1444. [PMID: 30111744 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zampardi G, Thöming J, Naatz H, Amin HMA, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Compton RG. Electrochemical Behavior of Single CuO Nanoparticles: Implications for the Assessment of their Environmental Fate. Small 2018; 14:e1801765. [PMID: 30016009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of copper oxide nanoparticles is investigated at both the single particle and at the ensemble level in neutral aqueous solutions through the electrode-particle collision method and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The influence of Cl- and NO3- anions on the electrochemical processes occurring at the nanoparticles is further evaluated. The electroactivity of CuO nanoparticles is found to differ between the two types of experiments. At the single-particle scale, the reduction of the CuO nanoparticles proceeds to a higher extent in the presence of chloride ion than of nitrate ion containing solutions. However, at the multiparticle scale the CuO reduction proceeds to the same extent regardless of the type of anions present in solution. The implications for assessing realistically the environmental fate and therefore the toxicity of metal-based nanoparticles in general, and copper-based nanoparticles in particular, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zampardi
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ, Oxford, UK
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Naatz
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hatem M A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ, Oxford, UK
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
The family of two-dimensional (2D) materials is comprised of a continually expanding palette of unique compositions and properties with potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, energy capture and storage, catalysis, and nanomedicine. To accelerate the implementation of 2D materials in widely disseminated technologies, human health and environmental implications need to be addressed. While extensive research has focused on assessing the toxicity and environmental fate of graphene and related carbon nanomaterials, the potential hazards of other 2D materials have only recently begun to be explored. Herein, the toxicity and environmental fate of postcarbon 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and black phosphorus, are reviewed as a function of their preparation methods and surface functionalization. Specifically, we delineate how the hazard potential of 2D materials is directly related to structural parameters and physicochemical properties and how experimental design is critical to the accurate elucidation of the underlying toxicological mechanisms. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach for streamlining the hazard assessment of emerging 2D materials is outlined, thereby providing a pathway for accelerating their safe use in a range of technologically relevant contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Guiney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Inao K, Iwafune T, Horio T. An improved PADDY model including uptake by rice roots to predict pesticide behavior in paddy fields under nursery-box and submerged applications. J Pestic Sci 2018; 43:142-152. [PMID: 30363144 PMCID: PMC6140726 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d17-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed an improved version of the PADDY model for predicting pesticide behavior in paddy fields, which includes pesticide uptake by rice roots. We applied the model to nursery-box and submerged pesticide applications. A paddy field was divided into root-zone and inter-plant areas, and paddy soil containing pesticides was vertically separated into three layers. Pesticide behavior was modeled with mass fractions of the pesticides in paddy water and the soil layers immediately after rice transplanting obtained from field experiments, and uptake by rice roots was described using the transpiration stream concentration factor. The improved model successfully simulated measured concentration changes in a paddy field, including rice plants, under nursery-box and submerged applications. The model evaluated the difference in the concentrations of nursery-box-applied pesticides between root-zone and inter-plant soil samples with several key parameters. Our study provides a useful solution for simulating the uptake of pesticides in soil by rice roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Inao
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Kannondai
| | - Takashi Iwafune
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Kannondai
| | - Takeshi Horio
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Kannondai
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Bonansea RI, Filippi I, Wunderlin DA, Marino DJG, Amé MV. The Fate of Glyphosate and AMPA in a Freshwater Endorheic Basin: An Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment. Toxics 2017; 6:toxics6010003. [PMID: 29267202 PMCID: PMC5874776 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. However, there are some uncertain aspects with respect to its environmental fate. To evaluate the existence and distribution of this pesticide and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), their presence in fresh water, sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) was measured in samples collected in a river running across a large city and through areas with intensive and extensive agriculture. The aquatic risk associated to the occurrence of these compounds was estimated using the hazard quotient (HQ) calculation for water and sediment. From the analyzed samples, overall 35% contained glyphosate, AMPA, or both compounds. Concentrations of the analytes were spread in different percentages depending on the environmental matrices considered, with levels ranging from 12 to 20 times higher for glyphosate and AMPA in sediment and SPM, as compared with the levels found in water. The most polluted area was situated within a green belt zone of the city; while in second place were sites located in areas of extensive agriculture. Aquatic organisms inhabiting areas both inside and outside agricultural areas are threatened by water glyphosate concentrations. Benthic organisms inside the greenbelt zone and inside the lower basin are threatened by the concentrations of glyphosate in sediment. Even when the concentrations measured in water were below the levels of concern for wildlife, results showed the risk of agricultural practices to aquatic biota. An update of the limits established for freshwater biota protection is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Inés Bonansea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dto. Bioquímica Clínica-CIBICI (Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5000-Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Iohanna Filippi
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dto. Bioquímica Clínica-CIBICI (Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5000-Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dto. Química Orgánica-ICYTAC (Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, Av. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Damián José Gabriel Marino
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CIMA (Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 115 esq. 47, 1900-La Plata, Argentina.
| | - María Valeria Amé
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dto. Bioquímica Clínica-CIBICI (Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5000-Córdoba, Argentina.
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Boulange J, Malhat F, Thuyet DQ, Watanabe H. PCPF-M model for simulating the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites in rice paddy field. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:2429-2438. [PMID: 28580617 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PCPF-1 model was improved for forecasting the fate and transport of metabolites in addition to parent compounds in rice paddies. In the new PCPF-M model, metabolites are generated from the dissipation of pesticide applied in rice paddies through hydrolysis, photolysis and biological degradations. The methodology to parameterize the model was illustrated using two scenarios for which uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. RESULTS In a batch degradation experiment, the hourly forecasted concentrations of fipronil and its metabolites in paddy water were very accurate. In a field-scale experiment, the hourly forecasted concentrations of fipronil in paddy water and paddy soil were accurate while the corresponding daily forecasted concentrations of metabolites were adequate. The major contributors to the variation of the forecasted metabolite concentrations in paddy water and paddy soil were the formation fractions of the metabolites. The influence of uncertainty included in input parameters on the forecasted metabolite concentration was high during the peak concentration of metabolite in paddy water. In contrast, in paddy soil, the metabolite concentrations forecasted several days after the initial pesticide application were sensitive to the uncertainty incorporated in the input parameters. CONCLUSION The PCPF-M model simultaneously forecasts the concentrations of a parent pesticide and up to three metabolites. The model was validated using fipronil and two of its metabolites in paddy water and paddy soil. The model can be used in the early stage of the pesticide registration process and in risk assessment analysis for the evaluation of pesticide exposure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boulange
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Farag Malhat
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pesticides Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dang Quoc Thuyet
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirozumi Watanabe
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Park MVDZ, Bleeker EAJ, Brand W, Cassee FR, van Elk M, Gosens I, de Jong WH, Meesters JAJ, Peijnenburg WJGM, Quik JTK, Vandebriel RJ, Sips AJAM. Considerations for Safe Innovation: The Case of Graphene. ACS Nano 2017; 11:9574-9593. [PMID: 28933820 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The terms "Safe innovation" and "Safe(r)-by-design" are currently popular in the field of nanotechnology. These terms are used to describe approaches that advocate the consideration of safety aspects already at an early stage of the innovation process of (nano)materials and nanoenabled products. Here, we investigate the possibilities of considering safety aspects during various stages of the innovation process of graphene, outlining what information is already available for assessing potential hazard, exposure, and risks. In addition, we recommend further steps to be taken by various stakeholders to promote the safe production and safe use of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet V D Z Park
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Bleeker
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Brand
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Merel van Elk
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Gosens
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H de Jong
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joris T K Quik
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J Vandebriel
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adriënne J A M Sips
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu , 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Mueller TC, Parker ET, Steckel L, Clay SA, Owen MD, Curran WS, Currie R, Scott R, Sprague C, Stephenson DO, Miller DK, Prostko EP, Grichar WJ, Martin J, Kruz LJ, Bradley K, Bernards ML, Dotray P, Knezevic S, Davis V, Klein R. Enhanced atrazine degradation is widespread across the United States. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:1953-1961. [PMID: 28266154 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrazine (ATZ) has been a key herbicide for annual weed control in corn, with both a soil and post-emergence vegetation application period. Although enhanced ATZ degradation in soil with a history of ATZ use has been reported, the extent and rate of degradation in the US Corn Belt is uncertain. We show that enhanced ATZ degradation exists across much of the country. RESULTS Soils from 15 of 16 surveyed states had enhanced ATZ degradation. The average ATZ half-life was only 2.3 days in ATZ history soils, compared with an average 14.5 days in soils with no previous ATZ use, meaning that ATZ degrades an average 6 times faster in soils with previous ATZ use. CONCLUSION When ATZ is used for several years, enhanced degradation will undoubtedly change the way ATZ is used in agronomic crops and also its ultimate environmental fate. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larry Steckel
- University of Tennessee West TN Research and Education Center, Jackson, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L Jason Kruz
- Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
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Dos Reis FC, Tornisielo VL, Pimpinato RF, Martins BAB, Victória Filho R. Leaching of Diuron, Hexazinone, and Sulfometuron-methyl Applied Alone and in Mixture in Soils with Contrasting Textures. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:2645-2650. [PMID: 28326783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When herbicides are applied in mixture, interactions among them could potentially promote changes in herbicide behavior in the soil. Thus, application mode (isolated or in mixture) and soil texture (sandy or clayey) were investigated in the total leaching of the commercial mixture diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl, and of each isolated compound. Experiments in soil columns also evaluated the movement of each herbicide and mixtures across soil layers. In the sandy soil, the greatest total leaching was observed with hexazinone compared to diuron and sulfometuron. Most of the applied diuron remained at the top layer of the soil, indicating that this herbicide has low soil mobility. Overall, our results show that hexazinone has greater leaching potential and mobility along the soil profile compared to diuron and sulfometuron. Our data can be used in assessing the fate of diuron, hexazinone, and sulfometuron alone or in mixture on natural ecosystems, under different soil types and application modes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bianca A B Martins
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo , Piracicaba, Brazil
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Sani-Kast N, Labille J, Ollivier P, Slomberg D, Hungerbühler K, Scheringer M. A network perspective reveals decreasing material diversity in studies on nanoparticle interactions with dissolved organic matter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1756-65. [PMID: 28223482 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the properties and fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in aquatic environments. There is an extensive body of experiments on interactions between DOM and ENPs and also larger particles. [We denote particles on the nano- and micrometer scale as particulate matter (PM).] However, the experimental results are very heterogeneous, and a general mechanistic understanding of DOM-PM interactions is still missing. In this situation, recent reviews have called to expand the range of DOM and ENPs studied. Therefore, our work focuses on the diversity of the DOM and PM types investigated. Because the experimental results reported in the literature are highly disparate and difficult to structure, a new format of organizing, visualizing, and interpreting the results is needed. To this end, we perform a network analysis of 951 experimental results on DOM-PM interactions, which enabled us to analyze and quantify the diversity of the materials investigated. The diversity of the DOM-PM combinations studied has mostly been decreasing over the last 25 y, which is driven by an increasing focus on several frequently investigated materials, such as DOM isolated from fresh water, DOM in whole-water samples, and TiO2 and silver PM. Furthermore, there is an underrepresentation of studies into the effect of particle coating on PM-DOM interactions. Finally, it is of great importance that the properties of DOM used in experiments with PM, in particular the molecular weight and the content of aromatic and aliphatic carbon, are reported more comprehensively and systematically.
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Rayne S, Forest K. Estimated pKa values for the environmentally relevant C1 through C8 perfluorinated sulfonic acid isomers. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2016; 51:1018-1023. [PMID: 27389973 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1198191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to estimate isomer-specific acidity constants (pKa) for the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) environmental contaminants, the parameterization method 6 (PM6) pKa prediction method was extensively validated against a wide range of carbon oxyacids and related sulfonic/sulfinic acids. Excellent pKa prediction performance was observed for the carbon oxyacids using the PM6 method, but this approach was found to have a severe positive bias for sulfonic/sulfinic acids. To overcome this obstacle, a correlation was developed between non-adjusted PM6 pKa values and the corresponding experimentally obtained/estimated acidity constants for a range of representative alkyl, aryl and halogen-substituted sulfonic acids. Application of this correction to the PM6 values allows for extension of this computational method to a new acid functional group. When used to estimate isomer-specific pKa values for the C1 through C8 PFSAs, the modified PM6 approach suggests an adjusted pKa range from -5.3 to -9.0, indicating that all members of this class of well-known environmental contaminants will be effectively completely dissociated in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Rayne
- a Chemologica Research , Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Kaya Forest
- b Department of Environmental Engineering Technology , Saskatchewan Polytechnic , Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , Canada
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Rayne S, Forest K. Air-water partition coefficients for a suite of polycyclic aromatic and other C10 through C20 unsaturated hydrocarbons. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2016; 51:938-953. [PMID: 27336293 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1191812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The air-water partition coefficients (Kaw) for 86 large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their unsaturated relatives were estimated using high-level G4(MP2) gas and aqueous phase calculations with the SMD, IEFPCM-UFF, and CPCM solvation models. An extensive method validation effort was undertaken which involved confirming that, via comparisons to experimental enthalpies of formation, gas-phase energies at the G4(MP2) level for the compounds of interest were at or near thermochemical accuracy. Investigations of the three solvation models using a range of neutral and ionic compounds suggested that while no clear preferential solvation model could be chosen in advance for accurate Kaw estimates of the target compounds, the employment of increasingly higher levels of theory would result in lower Kaw errors. Subsequent calculations on the polycyclic aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons at the G4(MP2) level revealed excellent agreement for the IEFPCM-UFF and CPCM models against limited available experimental data. The IEFPCM-UFF-G4(MP2) and CPCM-G4(MP2) solvation energy calculation approaches are anticipated to give Kaw estimates within typical experimental ranges, each having general Kaw errors of less than 0.5 log10 units. When applied to other large organic compounds, the method should allow development of a broad and reliable Kaw database for multimedia environmental modeling efforts on various contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Rayne
- a Chemologica Research , Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Kaya Forest
- b Department of Environmental Engineering Technology , Saskatchewan Polytechnic , Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , Canada
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Porada E, Szyszkowicz M. UNMIX Methods Applied to Characterize Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds in Toronto, Ontario. Toxics 2016; 4:E11. [PMID: 29051416 PMCID: PMC5606629 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNMIX, a sensor modeling routine from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was used to model volatile organic compound (VOC) receptors in four urban sites in Toronto, Ontario. VOC ambient concentration data acquired in 2000-2009 for 175 VOC species in four air quality monitoring stations were analyzed. UNMIX, by performing multiple modeling attempts upon varying VOC menus-while rejecting the results that were not reliable-allowed for discriminating sources by their most consistent chemical characteristics. The method assessed occurrences of VOCs in sources typical of the urban environment (traffic, evaporative emissions of fuels, banks of fugitive inert gases), industrial point sources (plastic-, polymer-, and metalworking manufactures), and in secondary sources (releases from water, sediments, and contaminated urban soil). The remote sensing and robust modeling used here produces chemical profiles of putative VOC sources that, if combined with known environmental fates of VOCs, can be used to assign physical sources' shares of VOCs emissions into the atmosphere. This in turn provides a means of assessing the impact of environmental policies on one hand, and industrial activities on the other hand, on VOC air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniusz Porada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Québec at Outaouais, Gatineau, QB J8X 3X7, Canada.
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Inao K, Iwasaki N, Kitayama I, Horio T. Improved PADDY-Large model including lateral seepage loss from paddy fields to predict pesticide behavior in river basins. J Pestic Sci 2016; 41:59-63. [PMID: 30363133 PMCID: PMC6140681 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d15-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed an improved simulation model for predicting pesticide concentrations in river basins based on PADDY-Large, which includes lateral seepage loss of pesticides from paddy fields. Based on the structure of typical Japanese paddy fields, pesticide transport process due to lateral seepage through bunds was modeled as a compartment system consisting of pore water and soil particle. The model was validated with concentrations measured by monitoring paddy pesticides in a tributary of the Sakura River in Japan. The improved model by including loss of pesticides due to lateral seepage through bunds successfully simulated temporal changes in the pesticide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Inao
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604
| | - Nobusuke Iwasaki
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604
| | - Ikuko Kitayama
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604
| | - Takeshi Horio
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604
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Abstract
The widespread use of Cry proteins in insecticide formulations and transgenic crops for insect control has led to an increased interest in the environmental fate of these proteins. Although several detection methods are available to monitor the fate of Cry proteins in the environment, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have emerged as the preferred detection method, due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and rapid results. Validation of ELISAs is necessary to ensure accurate measurements of Cry protein concentrations in the environment. Validation methodology has been extensively researched and published for the areas of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision; however, cross validation of ELISA results has been studied to a lesser extent. This review discusses the use of ELISAs for detection of Cry proteins in environmental samples and validation of ELISAs and introduces cross validation. The state of Cry protein environmental fate research is considered through a critical review of published literature to identify areas where the use of validation protocols can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vurtice C Albright
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Iowa State University , 110 Insectary, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Richard L Hellmich
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 110 Genetics Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Joel R Coats
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Iowa State University , 110 Insectary, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Rayne S, Forest K. Performance of the major semiempirical, ab initio, and DFT methods for isomerization enthalpies of linear to branched heptanes. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2016; 51:583-587. [PMID: 26979512 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1141626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The gas phase standard state (298.15 K, 1 atm) isomerization enthalpy (Δ(isom)H°(g)) prediction performance of the major semiempirical, ab initio, and density functional levels of theory for environmentally relevant transformations was investigated using the linear to branched heptanes as a representative case study. The M062X density functional, MP2 (and higher) levels of Moller-Plesset perturbation theory, and the CBS and Gaussian-n composite methods are well suited for investigating the thermodynamic properties of environmentally interesting isomerizations, although the M062X functional may not be appropriate for all systems. Where large molecular systems prohibit the use of higher levels of theory, the PM6 and PDDG semiempirical methods may offer an appropriate computational cost-accuracy compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Rayne
- a Chemologica Research , Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Kaya Forest
- b Department of Environmental Engineering Technology , Saskatchewan Polytechnic , Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , Canada
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Rayne S, Forest K. Use of the SPARC software program to calculate hydrolysis rate constants for the polymeric brominated flame retardants BC-58 and FR-1025. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2016; 51:509-513. [PMID: 26889790 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1128749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The SPARC software program was used to estimate the acid-catalyzed, neutral, and base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constants for the polymeric brominated flame retardants BC-58 and FR-1025. Relatively rapid hydrolysis of BC-58, producing 2,4,6-tribromophenol-and ultimately tetrabromobisphenol A-as the hydrolytically stable end products from all potential hydrolysis reactions, is expected in both environmental and biological systems with starting material hydrolytic half-lives (t(1/2,hydr)) ranging from less than 1 h in marine systems, several hours in cellular environments, and up to several weeks in slightly acid fresh waters. Hydrolysis of FR-1025 to give 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromobenzyl alcohol is expected to be slower (t(1/2,hydr) less than 0.5 years in marine systems up to several years in fresh waters) than BC-58, but is also expected to occur at rates that will contribute significantly to environmental and in vivo loadings of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Rayne
- a Chemologica Research , Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Kaya Forest
- b Department of Environmental Engineering Technology , Saskatchewan Polytechnic , Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan , Canada
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