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Peng H, Gu H, Xu Z, Xiong G, Gao P, Wang S, Li X, Li F. Degradation mechanisms and toxicity determination of bisphenol A by FeO x-activated peroxydisulfate under ultraviolet light. Environ Technol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38556710 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2335670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light (UV)-assisted advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are commonly used to degrade organic contaminants. However, this reaction system's extensive comprehension of the degradation mechanisms and toxicity assessment remains inadequate. This study focuses on investigating the degradation mechanisms and pathways of bisphenol A (BPA), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and toxicity of degradation intermediates in UV/PDS/ferrous composites (FeOx) systems. The degradation rate of BPA gradually increased from the initial 11.92% to 100% within 120 min. Sulfate radicals (SO 4 . - ), hydroxyl radicals (.OH), superoxide anions (O 2 . - ), and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the primary factors in the photocatalytic degradation of BPA in the UV/PDS/FeOx systems. The main reactions of BPA in this system were deduced to be β-bond cleavage, hydroxyl substitution reaction, hydrogen bond cleavage, and oxidation reaction. A trend of decreasing toxicity for the degradation intermediates of BPA was observed according to the toxicity investigations. The efficient degradation of BPA in UV/PDS/FeOx systems provided theoretical data for AOPs, which will improve the understanding of organic contaminants by FeOx in natural industry wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Peng
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Gu
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guomei Xiong
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- City College, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongchao Li
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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Xiong Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Li X. The Development of a Stable Peptide-Loaded Long-Acting Injection Formulation through a Comprehensive Understanding of Peptide Degradation Mechanisms: A QbD-Based Approach. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:266. [PMID: 38399320 PMCID: PMC10891632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Quality by design (QbD) serves as a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development, beginning with predefined objectives and emphasizing an understanding of the product based on sound science and risk management. The purpose of this study is to utilize the QbD concept to develop a stable peptide-loaded long-acting injection formulation. An in-depth comprehension of peptide degradation mechanisms was achieved through forced degradation investigations, elucidating (acid) hydrolysis and oxidation as the primary degradation pathways for the peptide ACTY116. The quality built into the product was focused on risk assessment, for which the critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) associated with the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of each formulation were identified, leading to the development of the corresponding control strategies. CQAs for three LAI (long-acting injectable) formulations were enhanced by taking the right control strategies. The LAI formulation exhibiting the highest stability for ACTY116 was chosen for subsequent pharmacokinetic investigations in rats. The objective of addressing peptide chemical instability and in vivo long-acting release was achieved. For other molecules with susceptible functionalities like amide bonds, amino groups, and hydroxyl groups, the utilization of PLGA-based in situ gel as an LAI formulation for stabilizing molecules provides valuable insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Xiong
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China;
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Chongqing School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China;
| | - Xing Zhou
- Chongqing School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China;
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China;
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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3
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Gao P, Chen Z, Chen S. Electron-Induced Degradation in Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309123. [PMID: 38038258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The poor stability of blue quantum-dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (B-QLEDs) hinders their application in displays. To improve the stability of B-QLEDs, the degradation mechanism should be revealed. Here, the degradation mechanism of B-QLEDs is investigated by monitoring the changes occurring in the QDs and the hole transport layers (HTL) during device operation, respectively. It is revealed that the accumulation of electrons within the QDs is responsible for the degradation of the devices. On the one hand, the accumulated electrons induce the detachment of oleic acid ligands, leading to permanent damage to the stability of B-QDs. On the other hand, the accumulated electrons leak into the HTL or recombine at the HTL/QDs interface, leading to the degradation of HTL. The formation of surface defects in B-QDs and the decomposition of HTL contribute to the degradation of B-QLEDs. The results reveal the strong dependence of B-QLEDs stability on the accumulated electrons, the QDs and the HTL, which can help researchers to develop effective design strategies for improving the lifespan of B-QLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Gao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zinan Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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Chen L, Fu S, Li Y, Sun N, Yan Y, Song Z. On the Durability of Tin-Containing Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304811. [PMID: 37968252 PMCID: PMC10767427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Tin (Sn)-containing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention in the field of perovskite optoelectronics due to lower toxicity than their lead-based counterparts and their potential for tandem applications. However, the lack of stability is a major concern that hampers their development. To achieve the long-term stability of Sn-containing PSCs, it is crucial to have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanisms of Sn-containing perovskites and develop mitigation strategies. This review provides a compendious overview of degradation pathways observed in Sn-containing perovskites, attributing to intrinsic factors related to the materials themselves and environmental factors such as light, heat, moisture, oxygen, and their combined effects. The impact of interface and electrode materials on the stability of Sn-containing PSCs is also discussed. Additionally, various strategies to mitigate the instability issue of Sn-containing PSCs are summarized. Lastly, the challenges and prospects for achieving durable Sn-containing PSCs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Sheng Fu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - You Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Nannan Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Zhaoning Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
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Xu N, Zhang S, Zhou Q, Wang H, Zhao L, Xu Z. Mechanistic Study on the Corrosion of (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O 3-δ Cathodes Induced by CO 2. Molecules 2023; 28:7490. [PMID: 38005212 PMCID: PMC10673451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) cathodes operating in ambient atmospheric conditions inevitably encounter CO2 contamination, leading to sustained performance deterioration. In this investigation, we examined the impact of CO2 on three variants of (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ cathodes and employed the distribution of relaxation times method to distinguish distinct electrochemical processes based on impedance spectra analysis. We meticulously analyzed and discussed the corrosion resistance of these (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ cathodes under high CO2 concentrations, relying on the experimental data. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results revealed that La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF-6428), La0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF-4628), and La0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1O3-δ (LSCFN-46271) cathodes exhibited persistent degradation when exposed to CO2 at temperatures of 650 °C or 800 °C during the durability-testing period. An increase in electrode polarization resistance was observed upon CO2 introduction to the electrode, but electrode performance recovered upon returning to a pure air environment. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that CO2 did not cause permanent damage to the (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ cathodes. These findings indicate that the (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ cathodes exhibit excellent resistance to CO2-induced corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; (N.X.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Shijiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; (N.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Qiongyu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; (N.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Lina Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; (N.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhanlin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; (N.X.); (S.Z.)
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Mejaouri S, Cacovich S, Baranek P, Bérenguier B, Zimmermann I, Yaiche A, Loisnard D, Rousset J, Collin S. Humidity-Induced Degradation Processes of Halide Perovskites Unveiled by Correlative Analytical Electron Microscopy. Small Methods 2023:e2300901. [PMID: 37800986 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving the stability of lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for industrialization is currently a major challenge. It is shown that moisture induces changes in global PSC performance, altering the nature of the absorber through phase transition or segregation. Understanding how the material evolves in a wet environment is crucial for optimizing device performance and stability. Here, the chemical and structural evolution of state-of-the-art hybrid perovskite thin-film Cs0.05 (MA0.15 FA0.85 )0.95 Pb(I0.84 Br0.16 )3 (CsMAFA) is investigated after aging under controlled humidity with analytical characterization techniques. The analysis is performed at different scales through Photoluminescence, X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy, Cathodoluminescence, Selected Area Electron Diffraction, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. From the analysis of the degradation products from the perovskite layer and by the correlation of their optical and chemical properties at a microscopic level, different phases such as lead-iodide (PbI2 ), inorganic mixed halide CsPb(I0.9 Br0.1 )3 and lead-rich CsPb2 (I0.74 Br0.26 )5 perovskite are evidenced. These phases demonstrate a high degree of crystallinity that induces unique geometrical shapes and drastically affects the optoelectronic properties of the thin film. By identifying the precise nature of these specific species, the multi-scale approach provides insights into the degradation mechanisms of hybrid perovskite materials, which can be used to improve PSC stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Mejaouri
- EDF R&D, EDF Lab Paris-Saclay, Department SYSTEME, Palaiseau, 91120, France
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, 91120, France
- C2N, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Stefania Cacovich
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Philippe Baranek
- EDF R&D, EDF Lab Paris-Saclay, Department SYSTEME, Palaiseau, 91120, France
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Baptiste Bérenguier
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF), UMR 9006, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Chimie Paristech, PSL, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Iwan Zimmermann
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Armelle Yaiche
- EDF R&D, EDF Lab Paris-Saclay, Department SYSTEME, Palaiseau, 91120, France
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Dominique Loisnard
- EDF R&D, EDF Lab Les Renardières, Department MMC, Écuelles, 77250, France
| | - Jean Rousset
- EDF R&D, EDF Lab Paris-Saclay, Department SYSTEME, Palaiseau, 91120, France
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Stéphane Collin
- IPVF, Institut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, 91120, France
- C2N, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, 91120, France
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Song J, Zhao W, Zhou L, Meng H, Wang H, Guan P, Li M, Zou Y, Feng W, Zhang M, Zhu L, He P, Liu F, Zhang Y. Rational Materials and Structure Design for Improving the Performance and Durability of High Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes (HT-PEMs). Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303969. [PMID: 37653601 PMCID: PMC10602569 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy as the next-generation clean energy carrier has attracted the attention of both academic and industrial fields. A key limit in the current stage is the operation temperature of hydrogen fuel cells, which lies in the slow development of high-temperature and high-efficiency proton exchange membranes. Currently, much research effort has been devoted to this field, and very innovative material systems have been developed. The authors think it is the right time to make a short summary of the high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs), the fundamentals, and developments, which can help the researchers to clearly and efficiently gain the key information. In this paper, the development of key materials and optimization strategies, the degradation mechanism and possible solutions, and the most common morphology characterization techniques as well as correlations between morphology and overall properties have been systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Wutong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Libo Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Shanghai Maxim Fuel Cell Technology CompanyShanghai201401P. R. China
| | - Panpan Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials CompanyZiboShandong256401P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials CompanyZiboShandong256401P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Ping He
- Shanghai Maxim Fuel Cell Technology CompanyShanghai201401P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
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Qin F, Lu M, Lu P, Sun S, Bai X, Zhang Y. Luminescence and Degeneration Mechanism of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes and Strategies for Improving Device Performance. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300434. [PMID: 37434048 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) can be a promising technology for next-generation display and lighting applications due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, a systematical overview of luminescence and degradation mechanism of perovskite materials and PeLEDs is lacking. Therefore, it is crucial to fully understand these mechanisms and further improve device performances. In this work, the fundamental photophysical processes of perovskite materials, electroluminescence mechanism of PeLEDs including carrier kinetics and efficiency roll-off as well as device degradation mechanism are discussed in detail. In addition, the strategies to improve device performances are summarized, including optimization of photoluminescence quantum yield, charge injection and recombination, and light outcoupling efficiency. It is hoped that this work can provide guidance for future development of PeLEDs and ultimately realize industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feisong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Po Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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9
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Salasel AR, Bhowmick S, Riahi R, Alpas AT. Role of graphene concentration on electrochemical and tribological properties of graphene-poly(methyl methacrylate) composite coatings. J Compos Mater 2023; 57:3877-3896. [PMID: 37771790 PMCID: PMC10522450 DOI: 10.1177/00219983231194901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the influence of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) concentration on the electrochemical and tribological properties of GNP-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite coatings. GNP-PMMA coatings were prepared with varying GNP concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt %) using the drop-casting method onto AA6061 aluminum alloy substrates. Results showed that the addition of 1.0 wt % GNP increased the tensile strength of PMMA but further increase reduced the tensile strength and fracture strain of the composites. Permeability studies indicated that 1.0GNP-PMMA had the lowest water vapour transition rate. All GNP-PMMA coatings showed a higher coating resistance and impedance modulus at the lowest frequency compared to neat PMMA with 1.0GNP-PMMA having the highest |Z|0.01 Hz value in comparison to the composites with higher GNP concentrations. According to Raman mapping, an increase in the concentration of GNP in the composite resulted in the agglomeration of graphene, which caused the debonding of the graphene-PMMA interfaces and also resulted in a higher number of shear fronts and other defects on the fracture surface that reduced barrier properties of graphene. The specific wear rate of 1.0GNP-PMMA was lower than that of neat PMMA, indicating improved wear resistance. The coefficient of friction was lowest for 5.0GNP-PMMA, although this was due to a higher amount of material being transferred to the counterface. Accordingly, optimizing the GNP concentration enables the development of high-performance PMMA coatings with enhanced strength, improved barrier properties, and reduced wear rates, making them well-suited for applications such as corrosion protection and tribological coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Salasel
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Sukanta Bhowmick
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Riahi
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmet T Alpas
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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10
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Wang L, Shen Y, Liu Y, Zeng P, Meng J, Liu T, Zhang L. Electrochemical Restoration of Battery Materials Guided by Synchrotron Radiation Technology for Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201658. [PMID: 37199184 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been ubiquitous in modern society, especially in the fields of electronic devices, electric vehicles and grid storage, while raising concerns about a tremendous number of spent batteries in the next five to ten years. As environmental awareness and resource security is gaining increasingly extensive attention, how to effectively deal with spent LIBs has become a challenging issue academically and industrially. Accordingly, the development of battery recycling has surfaced as a highly researched topic in the battery community. Recently, the structural and electrochemical restoration of recycled electrode materials have been proposed as a non-destructive method to save more energy and chemical agents compared with mature metallurgical methods. Such a refurbishment process of electrode materials is also regarded as a reverse process of their degradation in the working condition. Notably, synchrotron radiation technology, which is previously applied to diagnose battery degrade, has started to play major roles in gaining more insight into the structural restoration of electrode materials. Here, the contribution of synchrotron radiation technology to reveal the underlying degradation and regeneration mechanisms of LIBs cathodes is highlighted, providing a theoretical basis and guidance for the direct recycling and reuse of degraded cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yihao Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- Zhejiang Tianneng New Materials Co. Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313103, China
| | - Pan Zeng
- Institute for Advanced Study, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Junxia Meng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Tiefeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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11
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Yuan Y, Zhou W, Liang Q, Dian L, Su T, Qi Q. [Advances in biodegradation of polyolefin plastics]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:1930-1948. [PMID: 37212222 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.221024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyolefin plastics are a group of polymers with C-C backbone that have been widely used in various areas of daily life. Due to their stable chemical properties and poor biodegradability, polyolefin plastic waste continues to accumulate worldwide, causing serious environmental pollution and ecological crises. In recent years, biological degradation of polyolefin plastics has attracted considerable attention. The abundant microbial resources in the nature offer the possibility of biodegradation of polyolefin plastic waste, and microorganisms capable of degrading polyolefin have been reported. This review summarizes the research progress on the biodegradation microbial resources and the biodegradation mechanisms of polyolefin plastics, presents the current challenges in the biodegradation of polyolefin plastics, and provides an outlook on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Quanfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Longyang Dian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
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12
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Zhang L, Zhang B, Xu W, Cui Z, Cao H. [Polyethylene biodegradation: current status and perspectives]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:1949-1962. [PMID: 37212223 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is the most abundantly used synthetic resin and one of the most resistant to degradation, and its massive accumulation in the environment has caused serious pollution. Traditional landfill, composting and incineration technologies can hardly meet the requirements of environmental protection. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly, low-cost and promising method to solve the plastic pollution problem. This review summarizes the chemical structure of PE, the species of PE degrading microorganisms, degrading enzymes and metabolic pathways. Future research is suggested to focus on the screening of high-efficiency PE degrading strains, the construction of synthetic microbial consortia, the screening and modification of degrading enzymes, so as to provide selectable pathways and theoretical references for PE biodegradation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Zhao K, Han S, Ke L, Wu X, Yan X, Cao X, Li L, Jiang X, Wang Z, Liu H, Yan N. Operando Studies of Electrochemical Denitrogenation and Its Mitigation of N-Doped Carbon Catalysts in Alkaline Media. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2813-2821. [PMID: 36910874 PMCID: PMC9990068 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
N-doped carbons (NCs) have excellent electrocatalytic performance in oxygen reduction reaction, particularly in alkaline conditions, showing great promise of replacing commercial Pt/C catalysts in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. However, NCs are vulnerable when biased at high potentials, which suffer from denitrogenation and carbon corrosion. Such material degradation drastically undermines the activity, yet its dynamic evolution in response to the applied potentials is challenging to examine experimentally. In this work, we used differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy coupled with an optimized cell and observed the dynamic behaviors of NCs under operando conditions in KOH electrolyte. The corrosion of carbon occurred at ca. 1.2 V vs RHE, which was >0.3 V below the measured onset potential of water oxidation. Denitrogenation proceeded in parallel with carbon corrosion, releasing both NO and NO2. Combined with the ex situ characterizations and density-functional theory calculations, we identified that the pyridinic nitrogen moieties were particularly in peril. Three denitrogenation pathways were also proposed. Finally, we demonstrated that transferring the oxidation reaction sites to the well-deposited metal hydroxide with optimized loading was effective in suppressing the N leaching. This work showed the dynamic evolution of NC under potential bias and might cast light on understanding and mitigating NC deactivation for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shihao Han
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Le Ke
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lingjiao Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyi Jiang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ning Yan
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands
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14
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Mitu AM, Sireteanu T, Pop N, Chis LC, Maxim VM, Apsan MR. Numerical and Experimental Study of the Fatigue Behavior for a Medical Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Device Using the Resonance Method. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1316. [PMID: 36770322 PMCID: PMC9921155 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a hip level joint device of an active exoskeleton used in the medical field is analyzed. The finite element method is used in order to determine the first frequencies and the eigenmodes, necessary for the fatigue testing in the resonance regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Mitu
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Romanian Academy, 15 Constantin Mille Street, 010141 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Sireteanu
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Romanian Academy, 15 Constantin Mille Street, 010141 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Pop
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Romanian Academy, 15 Constantin Mille Street, 010141 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Cristian Chis
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- SC PROVETIM SRL, 313 Livezeni Street, 547365 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Vicentiu Marius Maxim
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Romanian Academy, 15 Constantin Mille Street, 010141 Bucharest, Romania
- Vital SA, Water and Sewerage Utilities Company, 430311 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Mirela Roxana Apsan
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Romanian Academy, 15 Constantin Mille Street, 010141 Bucharest, Romania
- IKEA Purchasing Services SRL, 59 Grigore Alexandrescu Street, 010623 Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Miao Z, Li S, Priest C, Wang T, Wu G, Li Q. Effective Approaches for Designing Stable M-N x /C Oxygen-Reduction Catalysts for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2200595. [PMID: 35338536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale commercialization of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is extremely limited by their costly platinum-group metals (PGMs) catalysts, which are used for catalyzing the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode. Among the reported PGM-free catalysts so far, metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-Nx /C) catalysts hold a great potential to replace PGMs catalysts for the ORR due to their excellent initial activity and low cost. However, despite tremendous progress in this field in the past decade, their further applications are restricted by fast degradation under practical conditions. Herein, the theoretical fundamentals of the stability of the M-Nx /C catalysts are first introduced in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. The primary degradation mechanisms of M-Nx /C catalysts and the corresponding mitigating strategies are discussed in detail. Finally, the current challenges and the prospects for designing highly stable M-Nx /C catalysts are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shenzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Cameron Priest
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Tanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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16
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Wu S, Zhang X, Ma S, Fan E, Lin J, Chen R, Wu F, Li L. A New Insight into the Capacity Decay Mechanism of Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Small 2022; 18:e2204613. [PMID: 36228105 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mapping relationship between electrochemical characteristics and physicochemical properties of layered LiNi0.80 Co0.15 Al0.05 O2 (NCA) cathodes is important to develop high energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Combining in situ and ex situ characterization, the effect of the H2-H3 phase transition on the capacity decay and aging mechanism of NCA materials are systematically investigated. With the increase of cut-off voltage, the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the NCA interface shows an evolutionary path of formation-thickening-rupture. This phenomenon is closely related to the H2-H3 phase transition. The volumetric stresses and strains caused by the H2-H3 phase transition accelerate the formation and expansion of secondary particle microcracks in the electrode material, leading to the growth of interfacial CEI variations. The capacity of the electrode material can decrease even if the material does not experience the H2-H3 phase transition due to the persistence of interfacial side reactions with calendar aging from long cycles. This work opens up a valuable perspective for the study of the mapping relationship between phase transition and electrochemical properties in Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes and provides guidance for developing high capacity and long cycle life LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Su Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ersha Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Jiao Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Battery Safety, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Testing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511447, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Battery Safety, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Testing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511447, China
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17
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Bher A, Mayekar PC, Auras RA, Schvezov CE. Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymers in Mesophilic Aerobic Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12165. [PMID: 36293023 PMCID: PMC9603655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding alternatives to diminish plastic pollution has become one of the main challenges of modern life. A few alternatives have gained potential for a shift toward a more circular and sustainable relationship with plastics. Biodegradable polymers derived from bio- and fossil-based sources have emerged as one feasible alternative to overcome inconveniences associated with the use and disposal of non-biodegradable polymers. The biodegradation process depends on the environment's factors, microorganisms and associated enzymes, and the polymer properties, resulting in a plethora of parameters that create a complex process whereby biodegradation times and rates can vary immensely. This review aims to provide a background and a comprehensive, systematic, and critical overview of this complex process with a special focus on the mesophilic range. Activity toward depolymerization by extracellular enzymes, biofilm effect on the dynamic of the degradation process, CO2 evolution evaluating the extent of biodegradation, and metabolic pathways are discussed. Remarks and perspectives for potential future research are provided with a focus on the current knowledge gaps if the goal is to minimize the persistence of plastics across environments. Innovative approaches such as the addition of specific compounds to trigger depolymerization under particular conditions, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and the addition of natural and/or modified enzymes are state-of-the-art methods that need faster development. Furthermore, methods must be connected to standards and techniques that fully track the biodegradation process. More transdisciplinary research within areas of polymer chemistry/processing and microbiology/biochemistry is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Bher
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pooja C. Mayekar
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rafael A. Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Carlos E. Schvezov
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
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18
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Liu H, Xie Z, Qu W, Dy E, Niketic S, Brueckner S, Tsay K, Fuller E, Bock C, Zaker N, Botton GA. High-Voltage Induced Surface and Intragranular Structural Evolution of Ni-Rich Layered Cathode. Small 2022; 18:e2200627. [PMID: 35411712 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Layered Ni-rich lithium transition metal oxides are promising cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. These cathodes, however, suffer from rapid performance decay under high-voltage operation. In this work, the electrochemical properties and structural evolution of the LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 (NMC811) cathode upon high-voltage cycling are investigated. The results show that the NMC811 cathode not only experiences surface evolution with the formation of Li-deficient rock-salt layers, but also suffers from drastic intragranular structural changes inside bulk grains after high-voltage cycling. Direct evidence for the formation of transition-metal/Li disordering domains with uneven Li content and lattice plane distortion at the internal grains of 4.6 V-cycled NMC811 are provided with their atomic ordering and spatial distribution clearly resolved. The complex intragranular structural changes impede Li+ diffusion inside bulk material, resulting in kinetic limitation and capacity loss. The results demonstrate that the high-voltage cycling would induce severe structural degradation at the grain interior of the cathode material beyond surface evolution, which contributes significantly to the rapid performance decay of the NMC811 cathode. The findings provide new insights for developing effective countermeasures to mitigate this degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshuo Liu
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Zhong Xie
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Wei Qu
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Eben Dy
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Svetlana Niketic
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Shawn Brueckner
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Ken Tsay
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Eric Fuller
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Christina Bock
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Zaker
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Gianluigi A Botton
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
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19
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Pang S, Lin Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Microbial Degradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin: Mechanisms and Biochemical Pathways. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:713375. [PMID: 35422769 PMCID: PMC9002305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.713375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As members of the organochlorine group of insecticides, aldrin and dieldrin are effective at protecting agriculture from insect pests. However, because of excessive use and a long half-life, they have contributed to the major pollution of the water/soil environments. Aldrin and dieldrin have been reported to be highly toxic to humans and other non-target organisms, and so their use has gradually been banned worldwide. Various methods have been tried to remove them from the environment, including xenon lamps, combustion, ion conversion, and microbial degradation. Microbial degradation is considered the most promising treatment method because of its advantages of economy, environmental protection, and convenience. To date, a few aldrin/dieldrin-degrading microorganisms have been isolated and identified, including Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, Pleurotus ostreatus, Mucor racemosus, Burkholderia sp., Cupriavidus sp., Pseudonocardia sp., and a community of anaerobic microorganisms. Many aldrin/dieldrin resistance genes have been identified from insects and microorganisms, such as Rdl, bph, HCo-LGC-38, S2-RDLA302S, CSRDL1A, CSRDL2S, HaRdl-1, and HaRdl-2. Aldrin degradation includes three pathways: the oxidation pathway, the reduction pathway, and the hydroxylation pathway, with dieldrin as a major metabolite. Degradation of dieldrin includes four pathways: oxidation, reduction, hydroxylation, and hydrolysis, with 9-hydroxydieldrin and dihydroxydieldrin as major products. Many studies have investigated the toxicity and degradation of aldrin/dieldrin. However, few reviews have focused on the microbial degradation and biochemical mechanisms of aldrin/dieldrin. In this review paper, the microbial degradation and degradation mechanisms of aldrin/dieldrin are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the bioremediation of aldrin/dieldrin-polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Zhang H, Li P, Zhang A, Sun Z, Liu J, Héroux P, Liu Y. Enhancing Interface Reactions by Introducing Microbubbles into a Plasma Treatment Process for Efficient Decomposition of PFOA. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:16067-16077. [PMID: 34751567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient destruction of perfluoroalkyl compounds in contaminated waters remains a challenge because of highly stable C-F bonds. In this study, mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with high concentration (∼30 mg/L) was realized in a needle-plate pulsed discharge reactor integrated with a water jet (NPDW) to which microbubbles (MBs) with different carrier gases (air, N2, and Ar) were introduced to enhance interfacial reactions. MBs effectively enrich dispersed PFOA from a bulk solution to a liquid surface to allow enhancing contact with reactive species and also expanding the plasma discharge area and channels. The PFOA removal efficiency in air and Ar discharge reached 81.5 and 95.3% in 2 h, respectively, with a defluorination ratio of no less than 50%. Energy requirements (EE/O) ranged from 216.49 to 331.95 kWh/m3. Aside from fluoride, PFOA was degraded to a range of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and, to a minor extent, at least 20 other fluorinated transformation products. PFOA degradation mechanisms were proposed, including decarboxylation, hydroxylation, hydrogenation reduction, and defluorination reactions. Real water matrices (groundwater, tap water, wastewater effluent, and surface water) showed moderate impact on treatment outcomes, demonstrating the robustness of the treatment process. The study demonstrated an environmentally friendly nonthermal plasma technology for effective PFOA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Pan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 1239, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhuyu Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Paul Héroux
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Yanan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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21
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Shin JS, Saqib M, Jo M, Park K, Park KM, Ahn JS, Lim HT, Park JY. Degradation Mechanisms of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells under Various Thermal Cycling Conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:49868-49878. [PMID: 34643391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A critical issue to tackle before successful commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be achieved is the long-term thermal stability required for SOFCs to operate reliably without significant performance degradation despite enduring thermal cycling. In this work, the impact of thermal cycling on the durability of NiO-yttria-stabilized zirconia-based anode-supported cells is studied using three different heating/cooling rates (1, 2, and 5 °C min-1) as the temperature fluctuated between 400 and 700 °C. Our experiments simulate time periods when power from SOFCs is not required (e.g., as might occur at night or during an emergency shutdown). The decay ratios of the cell voltages are 8.8% (82 μV h-1) and 19.1% (187 μV h-1) after thermal cycling testing at heating/cooling rates of 1 and 5 °C min-1, respectively, over a period of 1000 h. The results indicate SOFCs that undergo rapid thermal cycling experience much greater performance degradation than cells that experience slow heating/cooling rates. The changes in total resistance for thermally cycled cells are determined by measuring the Rpol of the electrodes (whereas the ohmic resistances of the cells remain unchanged from their initial value), signifying that electrode deterioration is the main degradation mechanism for SOFCs under thermal cycling. In particular, fast thermal cycling leads to severe degradation in the anode part of SOFCs with substantial agglomeration and depletion of Ni particles seen in our characterizations with field emission-scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. In addition, the mean particle size in the cathode after thermal cycling testing increases from 0.104 to 0.201 μm for the 5 °C min-1 cell. Further, the presence of Sr-enriched regions is more significant in the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ cathode after fast thermally cycled SOFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seop Shin
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Minkyeong Jo
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Kwangho Park
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Kwang Min Park
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Ahn
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyung-Tae Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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Xu M, Yao J, Sun S, Yan S, Sun J. Theoretical Calculation on the Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics and Toxicity of Acetaminophen Degradation Initiated by Hydroxyl and Sulfate Radicals in the Aqueous Phase. Toxics 2021; 9:234. [PMID: 34678930 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The •OH and SO4•− play a vital role on degrading pharmaceutical contaminants in water. In this paper, theoretical calculations have been used to discuss the degradation mechanisms, kinetics and ecotoxicity of acetaminophen (AAP) initiated by •OH and SO4•−. Two significant reaction mechanisms of radical adduct formation (RAF) and formal hydrogen atom transfer (FHAT) were investigated deeply. The results showed that the RAF takes precedence over FHAT in both •OH and SO4•− with AAP reactions. The whole and branched rate constants were calculated in a suitable temperature range of 198–338 K and 1 atm by using the KiSThelP program. At 298 K and 1 atm, the total rate constants of •OH and SO4•− with AAP were 3.23 × 109 M−1 s−1 and 4.60 × 1010 M−1 s−1, respectively, considering the diffusion-limited effect. The chronic toxicity showed that the main degradation intermediates were harmless to three aquatic organism, namely, fish, daphnia, and green algae. From point of view of the acute toxicity, some degradation intermediates were still at harmful or toxic level. These results provide theoretical guidance on the practical degradation of AAP in the water.
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Afia RSA, Mustafa E, Tamus ZÁ. Aging Mechanisms and Non-Destructive Aging Indicators of XLPE/CSPE Unshielded LV Nuclear Power Cables Subjected to Simultaneous Radiation-Mechanical Aging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183033. [PMID: 34577934 PMCID: PMC8468987 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-voltage cable systems in nuclear power plants are key components that have a crucial role in the safe operation of nuclear facilities. Thus, the aging management of cable systems is of utmost importance as they cannot easily or economically be replaced or upgraded. Therefore, there is a continuous need to develop reliable non-destructive condition monitoring techniques, mostly based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of cable insulation. This paper introduces the changing of dielectric and mechanical properties of XLPE insulated and CSPE jacketed unshielded low-voltage nuclear power plant power cable in case of simultaneous mechanical and radiation aging. The cable samples were bent and exposed to 400 kGy gamma irradiation with a 0.5 kGy/hr dose rate. Dielectric response (real and imaginary permittivity) in the 0.1 Hz-1 kHz frequency range, extended voltage response (EVR), and the Shore D hardness test techniques were measured to track aging. The electrical and mechanical parameters have increased monotonically with aging, except the imaginary permittivity, which increased only at frequencies higher than 10 Hz. Furthermore, different quantities were deducted based on the frequency and permittivity data. The electrical parameters and deducted quantities correlation with aging and mechanical parameters were investigated. Since the deducted quantities and the electrical parameters are strongly correlated with absorbed dose and mechanical properties, the electrical measurements can be applied as a non-destructive aging indicator for XLPE/CSPE unshielded low-voltage nuclear power cables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy S. A. Afia
- Department of Electrical Power & Machines Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, 1 Sherif Street, Helwan 11792, Egypt;
- Department of Electric Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Informatics, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ehtasham Mustafa
- Department of Electric Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Informatics, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Zoltán Ádám Tamus
- Department of Electric Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Informatics, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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Lee J, Kang SK. Principles for Controlling the Shape Recovery and Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable Shape-Memory Polymers in Biomedical Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:757. [PMID: 34199036 PMCID: PMC8305960 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymers with the shape memory effect possess tremendous potential for application in diverse fields, including aerospace, textiles, robotics, and biomedicine, because of their mechanical properties (softness and flexibility) and chemical tunability. Biodegradable shape memory polymers (BSMPs) have unique benefits of long-term biocompatibility and formation of zero-waste byproducts as the final degradable products are resorbed or absorbed via metabolism or enzyme digestion processes. In addition to their application toward the prevention of biofilm formation or internal tissue damage caused by permanent implant materials and the subsequent need for secondary surgery, which causes secondary infections and complications, BSMPs have been highlighted for minimally invasive medical applications. The properties of BSMPs, including high tunability, thermomechanical properties, shape memory performance, and degradation rate, can be achieved by controlling the combination and content of the comonomer and crystallinity. In addition, the biodegradable chemistry and kinetics of BSMPs, which can be controlled by combining several biodegradable polymers with different hydrolysis chemistry products, such as anhydrides, esters, and carbonates, strongly affect the hydrolytic activity and erosion property. A wide range of applications including self-expending stents, wound closure, drug release systems, and tissue repair, suggests that the BSMPs can be applied as actuators on the basis of their shape recovery and degradation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsang Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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25
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Zhou Z, Nadimpalli VK, Pedersen DB, Esposito V. Degradation Mechanisms of Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Cells and Countermeasures: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3139. [PMID: 34200472 PMCID: PMC8201290 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal-supported oxide cells (MSCs) are considered as the third-generation solid oxide cells (SOCs) succeeding electrolyte-supported (first generation) and anode-supported (second generation) cells, which have gained much attention and progress in the past decade. The use of metal supports and advanced technical methods (such as infiltrated electrodes) has vastly improved cell performance, especially with its rapid startup ability and power density, showing a significant decrease in raw materials cost. However, new degradation mechanisms appeared, limiting the further improvement of the performance and lifetime. This review encapsulates the degradation mechanisms and countermeasures in the field of MSCs, reviewing the challenges and recommendations for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhou
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Venkata Karthik Nadimpalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; (V.K.N.); (D.B.P.)
| | - David Bue Pedersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; (V.K.N.); (D.B.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark;
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Cofell ER, Nwabara UO, Bhargava SS, Henckel DE, Kenis PJA. Investigation of Electrolyte-Dependent Carbonate Formation on Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO 2 Electrolysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:15132-15142. [PMID: 33764731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ECO2R) is a promising method for reducing CO2 emissions and producing carbon-neutral fuels if long-term durability of electrodes can be achieved by identifying and addressing electrode degradation mechanisms. This work investigates the degradation of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) in a flowing, alkaline CO2 electrolyzer via the formation of carbonate deposits on the GDE surface. These carbonate deposits were found to impede electrode performance after only 6 h of operation at current densities ranging from -50 to -200 mA cm-2. The rate of carbonate deposit formation on the GDE surface was determined to increase with increasing electrolyte molarity and became more prevalent in K+-containing as opposed to Cs+-containing electrolytes. Electrolyte composition and concentration also had significant effects on the morphology, distribution, and surface coverage of the carbonate deposits. For example, carbonates formed in K+-containing electrolytes formed concentrated deposit regions of varying morphology on the GDE surface, while those formed in Cs+-containing electrolytes appeared as small crystals, well dispersed across the electrode surface. Both deposits occluding the catalyst layer surface and those found within the microporous layer and carbon fiber substrate of the electrode were found to diminish performance in ECO2R, leading to rapid loss of CO production after ∼50% of the catalyst layer surface was occluded. Additionally, carbonate deposits reduced GDE hydrophobicity, leading to increased flooding and internal deposits within the GDE substrate. Electrolyte engineering-based solutions are suggested for improved GDE durability in future work.
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Li G, You L, Wen Y, Zhang C, Huang B, Chu B, Wu JH, Huang T, Yu A. Ultrathin Li-Si-O Coating Layer to Stabilize the Surface Structure and Prolong the Cycling Life of Single-Crystal LiNi 0.6Co 0.2Mn 0.2O 2 Cathode Materials at 4.5 V. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10952-10963. [PMID: 33620199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 cathode materials can effectively suppress intergranular cracks that usually is seen in commercial polycrystal LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 cathode materials. However, the surface structure degradation for single-crystal LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 cathode materials is still aggravated at a higher cutoff voltage (over 4.5 V). In this work, we prepare single-crystal LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials via a solid-state method and then coat an ultrathin Li-Si-O layer on their surface by a wet coating method. The results show that the single-crystal LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials with a Li-Si-O coating layer deliver excellent cycling performance even at a higher cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. The optimized Li-Si-O-modified sample displays a capacity retention of 90.6% after 100 cycles, whereas only 68.0% for unmodified single-crystal LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2. Further analysis of the cycled electrodes reveals that the surface structure degradation is the main reason for the decrease of electrochemical performance of single-crystal LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 at a high voltage (4.5 V). In contrast, with Li-Si-O coating, this phenomenon can be suppressed effectively to maintain interfacial stability and prolong the cycling life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, 2205, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Longzhen You
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Jiangmen KanHoo Industry Co., Ltd., 22, South Jiaoxing Road, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529040, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, 2205, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ben Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - BinBin Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Jiangmen KanHoo Industry Co., Ltd., 22, South Jiaoxing Road, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529040, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, 2205, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Aishui Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, 2205, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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Klein S, Bärmann P, Beuse T, Borzutzki K, Frerichs JE, Kasnatscheew J, Winter M, Placke T. Exploiting the Degradation Mechanism of NCM523 ∥ Graphite Lithium-Ion Full Cells Operated at High Voltage. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:595-613. [PMID: 33105061 PMCID: PMC7894331 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Layered oxides, particularly including Li[Nix Coy Mnz ]O2 (NCMxyz) materials, such as NCM523, are the most promising cathode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). One major strategy to increase the energy density of LIBs is to expand the cell voltage (>4.3 V). However, high-voltage NCM ∥ graphite full cells typically suffer from drastic capacity fading, often referred to as "rollover" failure. In this study, the underlying degradation mechanisms responsible for failure of NCM523 ∥ graphite full cells operated at 4.5 V are unraveled by a comprehensive study including the variation of different electrode and cell parameters. It is found that the "rollover" failure after around 50 cycles can be attributed to severe solid electrolyte interphase growth, owing to formation of thick deposits at the graphite anode surface through deposition of transition metals migrating from the cathode to the anode. These deposits induce the formation of Li metal dendrites, which, in the worst cases, result in a "rollover" failure owing to the generation of (micro-) short circuits. Finally, approaches to overcome this dramatic failure mechanism are presented, for example, by use of single-crystal NCM523 materials, showing no "rollover" failure even after 200 cycles. The suppression of cross-talk phenomena in high-voltage LIB cells is of utmost importance for achieving high cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Klein
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Peer Bärmann
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Thomas Beuse
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Kristina Borzutzki
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Joop Enno Frerichs
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Johannes Kasnatscheew
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Martin Winter
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Tobias Placke
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research CenterInstitute of Physical ChemistryCorrensstr. 4648149MünsterGermany
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Lee Y, Kim YJ, Khan MSI, Na YC. Identification and determination of by-products originating from ozonation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in water by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4047-4057. [PMID: 32875636 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos and diazinon, in water using microplasma equipment to produce ozone and the identification of their products were studied by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The organophosphates gradually decreased with time and were completely removed after 10 min, and diazinon was degraded at a relatively fast rate compared to chlorpyrifos. The products formed during the process were identified and determined with accurate mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry spectra, providing reliable structural determination. Chlorpyrifos oxon was formed through the oxidation of chlorpyrifos, followed by the formation of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and diethyl phosphate by hydrolysis. Diazinon formed various products through more complicated degradation processes than those of chlorpyrifos. The major products of diazinon degradation were 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol and diethyl phosphate by hydrolysis after oxidation, exhibiting diazoxon as an intermediate at trace levels. Direct hydrolysis of diazinon also occurred, producing diethyl thiophosphate, which was observed at a low concentration for a transient time and exhibited a less favorable process than sequential oxidation and hydrolysis. The other products, hydroxy diazinons and hydroxy-2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinols, formed by hydroxylation, were also identified, but they were present in low amounts. Degradation mechanisms of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were proposed with the quantitatively evaluated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Lee
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Kim
- Consumer Safety Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yun-Cheol Na
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pang S, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Alansary N, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Insights into the Toxicity and Degradation Mechanisms of Imidacloprid Via Physicochemical and Microbial Approaches. Toxics 2020; 8:toxics8030065. [PMID: 32882955 PMCID: PMC7560415 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that has been widely used to control insect pests in agricultural fields for decades. It shows insecticidal activity mainly by blocking the normal conduction of the central nervous system in insects. However, in recent years, imidacloprid has been reported to be an emerging contaminant in all parts of the world, and has different toxic effects on a variety of non-target organisms, including human beings, due to its large-scale use. Hence, the removal of imidacloprid from the ecosystem has received widespread attention. Different remediation approaches have been studied to eliminate imidacloprid residues from the environment, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, adsorption, ultrasound, illumination, and biodegradation. In nature, microbial degradation is one of the most important processes controlling the fate of and transformation from imidacloprid use, and from an environmental point of view, it is the most promising means, as it is the most effective, least hazardous, and most environmentally friendly. To date, several imidacloprid-degrading microbes, including Bacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycobacterium, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas, have been characterized for biodegradation. In addition, previous studies have found that many insects and microorganisms have developed resistance genes to and degradation enzymes of imidacloprid. Furthermore, the metabolites and degradation pathways of imidacloprid have been reported. However, reviews of the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are rare. In this review, the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the remediation of imidacloprid-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nasser Alansary
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8528-8229
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Lin Z, Pang S, Zhang W, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Degradation of Acephate and Its Intermediate Methamidophos: Mechanisms and Biochemical Pathways. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2045. [PMID: 33013750 PMCID: PMC7461891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acephate is an organophosphate pesticide that has been widely used to control insect pests in agricultural fields for decades. However, its use has been partially restricted in many countries due to its toxic intermediate product methamidophos. Long term exposure to acephate and methamidophos in non-target organisms results in severe poisonous effects, which has raised public concern and demand for the removal of these pollutants from the environment. In this paper, the toxicological effects of acephate and/or methamidophos on aquatic and land animals, including humans are reviewed, as these effects promote the necessity of removing acephate from the environment. Physicochemical degradation mechanisms of acephate and/or methamidophos are explored and explained, such as photo-Fenton, ultraviolet/titanium dioxide (UV/TiO2) photocatalysis, and ultrasonic ozonation. Compared with physicochemical methods, the microbial degradation of acephate and methamidophos is emerging as an eco-friendly method that can be used for large-scale treatment. In recent years, microorganisms capable of degrading methamidophos or acephate have been isolated, including Hyphomicrobium sp., Penicillium oxalicum, Luteibacter jiangsuensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. Enzymes related to acephate and/or methamidophos biodegradation include phosphotriesterase, paraoxonase 1, and carboxylesterase. Furthermore, several genes encoding organophosphorus degrading enzymes have been identified, such as opd, mpd, and ophc2. However, few reviews have focused on the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms of acephate and methamidophos. In this review, the mechanisms and degradation pathways of acephate and methamidophos are summarized in order to provide a new way of thinking for the study of the degradation of acephate and methamidophos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Moens EKC, De Smit K, Marien YW, Trigilio AD, Van Steenberge PHM, Van Geem KM, Dubois JL, D'hooge DR. Progress in Reaction Mechanisms and Reactor Technologies for Thermochemical Recycling of Poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1667. [PMID: 32727004 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical or feedstock recycling of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by thermal degradation is an important societal challenge to enable polymer circularity. The annual PMMA world production capacity is over 2.4 × 106 tons, but currently only 3.0 × 104 tons are collected and recycled in Europe each year. Despite the rather simple chemical structure of MMA, a debate still exists on the possible PMMA degradation mechanisms and only basic batch and continuous reactor technologies have been developed, without significant knowledge of the decomposition chemistry or the multiphase nature of the reaction mixture. It is demonstrated in this review that it is essential to link PMMA thermochemical recycling with the PMMA synthesis as certain structural defects from the synthesis step are affecting the nature and relevance of the subsequent degradation reaction mechanisms. Here, random fission plays a key role, specifically for PMMA made by anionic polymerization. It is further highlighted that kinetic modeling tools are useful to further unravel the dominant PMMA degradation mechanisms. A novel distinction is made between global conversion or average chain length models, on the one hand, and elementary reaction step-based models on the other hand. It is put forward that only by the dedicated development of the latter models, the temporal evolution of degradation product spectra under specific chemical recycling conditions will become possible, making reactor design no longer an art but a science.
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Papadas IT, Galatopoulos F, Armatas GS, Tessler N, Choulis SA. Nanoparticulate Metal Oxide Top Electrode Interface Modification Improves the Thermal Stability of Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1616. [PMID: 31739544 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Solution processed γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles via the solvothermal colloidal synthesis in conjunction with ligand-exchange method are used for interface modification of the top electrode in inverted perovskite solar cells. In comparison to more conventional top electrodes such as PC(70)BM/Al and PC(70)BM/AZO/Al, we show that incorporation of a γ-Fe2O3 provides an alternative solution processed top electrode (PC(70)BM/γ-Fe2O3/Al) that not only results in comparable power conversion efficiencies but also improved thermal stability of inverted perovskite photovoltaics. The origin of improved stability of inverted perovskite solar cells incorporating PC(70)BM/ γ-Fe2O3/Al under accelerated heat lifetime conditions is attributed to the acidic surface nature of γ-Fe2O3 and reduced charge trapped density within PC(70)BM/ γ-Fe2O3/Al top electrode interfaces.
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Wang Z, Li M, Gan L, Cai X, Li B, Chen D, Su S. Predicting Operational Stability for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Exciplex Cohosts. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1802246. [PMID: 30989033 PMCID: PMC6446740 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing exciplex cohosts have gained attractive interest due to the promising high efficiency, low driving voltage, and potential low cost in future solid-state lighting sources and full-color displays. However, their device lifetime is still the most challenging weakness and rarely studied, which is regarded as a time consuming and complicated work. Therefore, a simplified but effective and comprehensive approach is demonstrated to give prediction for the exciplex cohosts operating lifespan and analyze their possible degradation mechanisms by considering molecular dissociated activation energy with internal exciton dynamics correlations. As a consequence, strong chemical bond stability for the hole transport moieties and rapid reactive exciton relaxation have the intrinsic talent to access potentially long-lived exciplex cohosts, achieving an extended lifetime of 10169 h for the predicted long-lived exciplex cohost OLEDs. Degradation behaviors further confirm that the deteriorated source is attributed to the formation of exciton quenchers and hole traps from excited states and charged-excited states, respectively. The current findings establish a universal technique to screen the stable exciplex cohost candidates with economic time consumption and expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Dongcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
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Zhuang M, Li H, Jiang J, Huang G. Reagent-free and pH-independent degradation of N-nitrosamines using electrons generated via corona discharge at ambient pressure. J Mass Spectrom 2019; 54:141-147. [PMID: 30536522 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditional degradation methods for N-nitrosamines are either confined with acid solution or required for additional chemical reagents to guarantee high reaction efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and effective way for reagent-free and pH-independent degradation of N-nitrosamines, which was induced by free electrons generated via corona discharge at ambient pressure. The highly reactive free electron is produced in situ and responsible for degradation of three N-nitrosamines, which was also theoretically confirmed. N-nitrosamines were believed to be reduced by electrons and to form the radical anion, which underwent a selectively heterolytic cleavage of the N-NO bonds to form the corresponding secondary amines as the degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Zhuang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Hongbao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China
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Park KY, Kim YD, Lee JI, Saqib M, Shin JS, Seo Y, Kim JH, Lim HT, Park JY. Operation Protocols To Improve Durability of Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:457-468. [PMID: 30525425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To develop reliable and durable protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs), the impacts of the operation protocols of PCFCs on the cell durability are investigated through analyses of the main degradation mechanisms. We herein propose three appropriately designed control protocols, including cathode air depletion, shunt current, and fuel cell/electrolysis cycling, to fully circumvent the operating-induced degradation of PCFCs. For this purpose, anode-supported cells, comprised of a NiO-BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ anode, BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ electrolyte, and NdBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ-Nd0.1Ce0.9O2-δ composite cathode, are prepared, and their long-term performances are evaluated under a galvanostatic condition of 0.5 A·cm-2 at 650 °C. The cell voltages of the protected cells using the operation protocols to prevent performance degradation are stably maintained under the applied current density for more than 1200 h without any noticeable degradation, whereas the performance of the unprotected cell gradually decreased with time, and the decay ratio was 14.9% over 850 h. The significant performance decay of the unprotected cell is strongly associated with the cathode degradation phenomenon, which was caused by the water vapor continuously produced during the electrochemical reactions. Hence, the performance recovery of the PCFCs with the operation protocols is achieved by incrementally decreasing the cathode potential (close to a value of zero) to minimize the effect of high PH2O and PO2 during the PCFC operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Young Park
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Korea
| | - You-Dong Kim
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Korea
| | - John-In Lee
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Korea
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Korea
| | - Ji-Seop Shin
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Korea
| | - Yongho Seo
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Hanbat National University , Daejeon 34158 , Korea
| | - Hyung-Tae Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changwon National University , Changwon 51140 , Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Korea
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Cho YJ, Aziz H. Root Causes of the Limited Electroluminescence Stability of Organic Light-Emitting Devices Made by Solution-Coating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:18113-18122. [PMID: 29733188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although organic electroluminescent materials have long promised the prospect of making organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) via low-cost solution-coating techniques, the electroluminescence stability of devices made by such techniques continues to be rather limited making them unsuitable for commercialization. The root causes of the lower stability of OLEDs made by solution-coating versus the more conventional vacuum-deposition remain unknown. In this work, we investigate and compare between solution-coated and vacuum-deposited materials under prolonged excitation, using the archetypical host material 4,4'-bis( N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl as a model OLED material. Results show that solution-coated films are more susceptible to degradation by excitons in comparison to their vacuum-deposited counterparts, resulting in a faster decrease in their luminescent quantum yield. The degradation rate also depends on the choice of solvent that was used in the solution-coating process. Results also show that the decrease in quantum yield is caused by exciton-induced chemical decomposition in the material as well as some possible molecular reorganization or aggregation, both of which are induced by excitons and proceed more quickly in case of solution-coated films. The faster degradation in the solution-coated films appears to originate primarily from their different morphological makeup and not due to chemical impurities. The findings uncover what appears to be one of the fundamental root causes of the lower stability of solution-coated OLEDs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Cho
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2G 3G1 , Canada
| | - Hany Aziz
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2G 3G1 , Canada
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Aguesse F, Manalastas W, Buannic L, Lopez Del Amo JM, Singh G, Llordés A, Kilner J. Investigating the Dendritic Growth during Full Cell Cycling of Garnet Electrolyte in Direct Contact with Li Metal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:3808-3816. [PMID: 28055178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries including a garnet ceramic as electrolyte are potential candidates to replace the currently used Li-ion technology, as they offer safer operation and higher energy storage performances. However, the development of ceramic electrolyte batteries faces several challenges at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, which need to withstand high current densities to enable competing C-rates. In this work, we investigate the limits of the anode/electrolyte interface in a full cell that includes a Li-metal anode, LiFePO4 cathode, and garnet ceramic electrolyte. The addition of a liquid interfacial layer between the cathode and the ceramic electrolyte is found to be a prerequisite to achieve low interfacial resistance and to enable full use of the active material contained in the porous electrode. Reproducible and constant discharge capacities are extracted from the cathode active material during the first 20 cycles, revealing high efficiency of the garnet as electrolyte and the interfaces, but prolonged cycling leads to abrupt cell failure. By using a combination of structural and chemical characterization techniques, such as SEM and solid-state NMR, as well as electrochemical and impedance spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that a sudden impedance drop occurs in the cell due to the formation of metallic Li and its propagation within the ceramic electrolyte. This degradation process is originated at the interface between the Li-metal anode and the ceramic electrolyte layer and leads to electromechanical failure and cell short-circuit. Improvement of the performances is observed when cycling the full cell at 55 °C, as the Li-metal softening favors the interfacial contact. Various degradation mechanisms are proposed to explain this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Aguesse
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
| | - William Manalastas
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
| | - Lucienne Buannic
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
| | | | - Gurpreet Singh
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
| | - Anna Llordés
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - John Kilner
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K
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Zhang B, Kaspar RB, Gu S, Wang J, Zhuang Z, Yan Y. A New Alkali-Stable Phosphonium Cation Based on Fundamental Understanding of Degradation Mechanisms. ChemSusChem 2016; 9:2374-2379. [PMID: 27535197 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly alkali-stable cationic groups are a critical component of hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs). To search for such cations, we studied the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of a series of quaternary phosphonium (QP) cations. Benzyl tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium [BTPP-(2,4,6-MeO)] was determined to have higher alkaline stability than the benchmark cation, benzyl trimethylammonium (BTMA). A multi-step methoxy-triggered degradation mechanism for BTPP-(2,4,6-MeO) was proposed and verified. By replacing methoxy substituents with methyl groups, a superior QP cation, methyl tris(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)phosphonium [MTPP-(2,4,6-Me)] was developed. MTPP-(2,4,6-Me) is one of the most stable cations reported to date, with <20 % degradation after 5000 h at 80 °C in a 1 m KOD in CD3 OD/D2 O (5:1 v/v) solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Robert B Kaspar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Shuang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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Cui LS, Deng YL, Tsang DPK, Jiang ZQ, Zhang Q, Liao LS, Adachi C. Controlling Synergistic Oxidation Processes for Efficient and Stable Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Devices. Adv Mater 2016; 28:7620-7625. [PMID: 27337524 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient sky-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) display a three orders of magnitude increase in lifetime, which is superior to those of controlled phosphorescent OLEDs used in this study. The combination of electro-oxidation and photo-oxidation of the TADF emitters in their triplet excited-states is suppressed through molecule design and device engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Song Cui
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ya-Li Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Ping-Kuen Tsang
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Xiao X, Miller LL, Bernstein R, Hochrein JM. Thermal degradation of β-carotene studied by ion mobility atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry: full product pattern and selective ionization enhancement. J Mass Spectrom 2016; 51:309-314. [PMID: 27041662 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry has the capability of capturing full product patterns simultaneously including both volatile and semi-volatile compounds produced at elevated temperatures. Real-time low-energy collision-induced fragmentation combined with ion mobility separations enables rapid identification of the chemical structures of products. We present here for the first time the recognition of full product patterns resulting from the thermal degradation of β-carotene at temperatures up to 600 °C. Solvent vapor-induced ionization enhancement is observed, which reveals parallel thermal dissociation processes that lead to even- and odd-numbered mass products. The drift-time distributions of high mass products, along with β-carotene, were monitored with temperature, showing multiple conformations that are associated with the presence of two β-rings. Products of masses 346/347, however, show a single conformation distribution, which indicates the separation of two β-rings resulting from the direct bond scission at the polyene hydrocarbon chain. The thermal degradation pathways are evaluated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Xiao
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Qin C, Matsushima T, Fujihara T, Potscavage WJ, Adachi C. Degradation Mechanisms of Solution-Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells: Thermally Stimulated Current Measurement for Analysis of Carrier Traps. Adv Mater 2016; 28:466-471. [PMID: 26598398 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Degradation mechanisms of CH3 NH3 PbI3 -based planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are investigated using a thermally stimulated current technique. Hole traps lying above the valence-band edge of the CH3 NH3 PbI3 are detected in PSCs degraded by continuous simulated solar illumination. One source of the hole traps is the photodegradation of CH3 NH3 PbI3 in the presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Qin
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshinori Matsushima
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujihara
- Innovative Organic Device Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - William J Potscavage
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Meier JC, Galeano C, Katsounaros I, Witte J, Bongard HJ, Topalov AA, Baldizzone C, Mezzavilla S, Schüth F, Mayrhofer KJJ. Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014; 5:44-67. [PMID: 24605273 PMCID: PMC3943646 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Platinum and Pt alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon are the state of the art electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To develop a better understanding on how material design can influence the degradation processes on the nanoscale, three specific Pt/C catalysts with different structural characteristics were investigated in depth: a conventional Pt/Vulcan catalyst with a particle size of 3-4 nm and two Pt@HGS catalysts with different particle size, 1-2 nm and 3-4 nm. Specifically, Pt@HGS corresponds to platinum nanoparticles incorporated and confined within the pore structure of the nanostructured carbon support, i.e., hollow graphitic spheres (HGS). All three materials are characterized by the same platinum loading, so that the differences in their performance can be correlated to the structural characteristics of each material. The comparison of the activity and stability behavior of the three catalysts, as obtained from thin film rotating disk electrode measurements and identical location electron microscopy, is also extended to commercial materials and used as a basis for a discussion of general fuel cell catalyst design principles. Namely, the effects of particle size, inter-particle distance, certain support characteristics and thermal treatment on the catalyst performance and in particular the catalyst stability are evaluated. Based on our results, a set of design criteria for more stable and active Pt/C and Pt-alloy/C materials is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef C Meier
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolina Galeano
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonathon Witte
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans J Bongard
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Angel A Topalov
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudio Baldizzone
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefano Mezzavilla
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Qasim MM, Moore B, Taylor L, Honea P, Gorb L, Leszczynski J. Structural Characteristics and Reactivity Relationships of Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives – A Review of Our Computational Chemistry and Spectroscopic Research. Int J Mol Sci 2007. [PMCID: PMC3871803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much has been discovered, discussed and written as to problems of contamination by various military unique compounds, particularly by the nitrogen based energetics (NOCs), remaining problems dictate further evaluation of actual and potential risk to the environment by these energetics and their derivatives and metabolites through determination of their environmental impact—transport, fate and toxicity. This work comprises an effort to understand structural relationships and degradation mechanisms of current and emerging explosives, including nitroaromatic; cyclic and cage cyclic nitramine; and a nitrocubane. This review of our computational chemistry and spectroscopic research describes and compares competitive degradation mechanisms by free radical oxidative, reductive and alkali hydrolysis, relating them, when possible, to environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Qasim
- USAE ERDC EL, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel: +1-601-634-3422
| | - Brett Moore
- USAE ERDC EL, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Lyssa Taylor
- USAE ERDC EL, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Patricia Honea
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Leonid Gorb
- USAE ERDC EL, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA,SpecPro Contractor, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- USAE ERDC EL, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA,Computational Center for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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