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Verma T, Bhardwaj S, Raza A, Djalovic I, Prasad PVV, Kapoor D. Mitigation of salt stress in Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.) by the application of triacontanol and hydrogen sulfide. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2189371. [PMID: 36934336 PMCID: PMC10026909 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2189371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a well-known abiotic stress that has been shown to have a negative impact on crop growth, production, and soil richness. The current study was intended to ameliorate salt stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), keeping in mind the detrimental influence of salt stress. A pot experimentation was executed on B. juncea to examine the efficacy of exogenous application of triacontanol (TRIA) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (NaHS donor), either alone or in combination, on growth attributes, metabolites, and antioxidant defense system exposed to salt stress at three distinct concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). Increase in the concentration of oxidative markers (malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) was found which results in inhibited growth of B. juncea. The growth characteristics of plant, such as root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight under salt stress, were improved by foliar application of TRIA (150 µM) and H2S (25 µM) alone as well as in combination. Additionally, salt stress reduced the levels of protein, metabolites (flavonoids, phenolic and anthocyanin), antioxidant enzyme activity including that of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase as well as the level of ascorbic acid and glutathione (non-enzymatic antioxidants). However, application of TRIA and H2S alone or in grouping substantially raised the content of protein, metabolites and antioxidant defense system in plants of B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunisha Verma
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Savita Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - PV Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Sidhu SS, Dusseja A, Shalimar, Nijhawan S, Kapoor D, Goyal O, Kishore H. A multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bovine colostrum in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH). Trials 2023; 24:515. [PMID: 37568158 PMCID: PMC10416362 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is associated with high mortality. Numerous studies and meta-analysis have reported that corticosteroids reduce the 28-day mortality in SAH, but not the 6-month mortality. Therefore, newer treatments for SAH need to be studied. A pilot study from our group had recently treated ten patients with SAH with bovine colostrum (BC) [20 g thrice in a day for 8 weeks] and prednisolone. This therapy improved the biological functions and 3-month mortality. However, as more and more data showed the failure of corticosteroids to improve the 3- and 6-month mortality, especially in patients with high mDF and MELD scores, we planned this trial to study the safety and efficacy of BC (without corticosteroids) in the treatment of SAH. METHOD This is a multicenter, parallel, double-blind, randomized (1:1) placebo-controlled trial, which will enroll 174 patients with SAH from 5 academic centers in the India. Patients will receive freeze-dried BC or placebo by random 1:1 allocation for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure is survival at 3 months. The secondary outcome measures are survival at 1 month, change in mDF and MELD scores, change in endotoxin and cytokines (alpha TNF, IL6, and IL8) levels, number of episodes of sepsis [pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), cellulitis, urinary tract infection (UTI)] from baseline to 4 weeks. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of bovine colostrum in improving the survival of patients with SAH. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02473341. Prospectively registered on June 16, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sidhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - A Dusseja
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - S Nijhawan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - D Kapoor
- Department of Hepatology, Global Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - O Goyal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - H Kishore
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Atneriya U, Kapoor D, Sainy J, Maheshwari R. In vitro profiling of fenofibrate solid dispersion mediated tablet formulation to treat high blood cholesterol. Ann Pharm Fr 2023; 81:284-299. [PMID: 36037932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fenofibrate (FNF), an anti-hyperlipidemic agent, suffers from poor water solubility (0.000707mg/ml) and belongs to class II drug as per BCS, shows a slow dissolution rate. The current investigation aimed to fabricate a fast-dissolving tablet of FNF (not available in the commercial market) using solid dispersion technique employing Vitamin E-D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS) as molecular biomaterial to enhance dissolution rate and reduce the time required to reach the systemic circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, carrier material was selected based on the release study via preparing solid dispersion using the melting method, and prepared solid dispersion was characterized. Secondly, fast-dissolving tablets from solid dispersion were fabricated using the direct compression tool and characterized for X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, friability, hardness, content uniformity, weight variation and in vitro disintegration test. RESULTS The X-ray diffraction study confirmed the successful formation of solid dispersion using vitamin E TPGS by analyzing the change in physical state. The fabricated solid dispersion exhibited higher drug content than a physical mixture of FNF. An excipient interference study was also performed in methanol and 0.75% w/v sodium lauryl sulphate. It revealed no significant alterations in the absorption peak of FNF as analyzed using UV spectroscopy at 287nm. In addition, water absorption ratio phase solubility and wetting time were also assessed. In -vitro release of FNF from developed tablets was found significantly higher (93.23%±3.11; p<0.001) as compared to prepared compressed tablet of pure FNF (12.21±2.34%). The dissolution rate was also determined, and data were then kept to various kinetic models such as zero-order chemical kinetic, first-order chemical kinetic, Hixon-Crowell and Higuchi chemical kinetic. CONCLUSION A complete and sequential in vitro and physicochemical characterization of developed formulation was carried out to set-up improved and effective treatment for high blood cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Atneriya
- School of Pharmacy Devi Ahilya Vishwavidhylaya, 452020 Indore, India
| | - D Kapoor
- Dr. Dayaram Patel Pharmacy College, SardarBaug, Station Road, 394601 Bardoli, Gujarat, India
| | - J Sainy
- School of Pharmacy Devi Ahilya Vishwavidhylaya, 452020 Indore, India
| | - R Maheshwari
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Green Pharma Industrial Park, TSIIC, Jadcherla, 509301 Hyderabad, India.
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Kour R, Singh S, Sharma HB, Naik TSSK, Shehata N, N P, Ali W, Kapoor D, Dhanjal DS, Singh J, Khan AH, Khan NA, Yousefi M, Ramamurthy PC. Persistence and remote sensing of agri-food wastes in the environment: Current state and perspectives. Chemosphere 2023; 317:137822. [PMID: 36649897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Food demand is expected to increase globally by 60-110% from 2005 to 2050 due to diet shifts and population growth. This growth in food demand leads to the generation of enormous agri-food wastes (AFWs), which could be classified into pre-consumption and post-consumption. The AFW represents economic losses for all stakeholders along food supply chains, including consumers. It is reported that the direct financial, social, and environmental costs of food waste are 1, 0.9, and 0.7 trillion USD/year, respectively. Diverse conventional AFW management approaches are employed at the different life cycle levels (entre supply chain). The review indicates that inadequate transportation, erroneous packaging, improper storage, losses during processing, contamination, issues with handling, and expiry dates are the main reason for the generation of AFWs in the supply chain. Further, various variables such as cultural, societal, personal, and behavioral factors contribute to the AFW generation. The selection of a specific valorization technology is based on multiple physicochemical and biological parameters. Furthermore, other factors like heterogeneity of the AFWs, preferable energy carriers, by-products management, cost, end-usage applications, and environmental legislative and disposal processes also play a crucial role in adopting suitable technology. Valorization of AFW could significantly impact both economy and the environment. AFWs have been widely investigated for the development of engineered added-value biomaterials and renewable energy production. Considering this, this study has been carried out to highlight the significance of AFW cost, aggregation, quantification, and membrane-based strategies for its management. The study also explored the satellite remote sensing data for Spatio-temporal monitoring, mapping, optimization, and management of AFW management. Along with this, the study also explained the most recent strategies for AFW valorization and outlined the detailed policy recommendation along with opportunities and challenges. The review suggested that AFW should be managed using a triple-bottom-line strategy (economic, social, and environmental sustainability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Retinder Kour
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Hari Bhakta Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim, 737136, India
| | - T S Sunil Kumar Naik
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Pavithra N
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Wahid Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Jazan, 45971, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, PO Box. 706, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Mewat Engineering College, Nuh, Haryana-122107, India
| | - Mahmood Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.
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Sharma A, Kapoor D, Gautam S, Landi M, Kandhol N, Araniti F, Ramakrishnan M, Satish L, Singh VP, Sharma P, Bhardwaj R, Tripathi DK, Zheng B. Heavy metal induced regulation of plant biology: Recent insights. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13688. [PMID: 35470470 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of different forms of heavy metals in the earth crust is very primitive and probably associated with the origin of plant life. However, since the beginning of human civilisation, heavy metal use and its contamination to all living systems on earth have significantly increased due to human anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable, which directly or indirectly impact photosynthesis, antioxidant system, mineral nutrition status, phytohormones and amino acid-derived molecules. Due to the toxic behaviour of some heavy metals, the endogenous status of chemical messengers like phytohormones may get significantly influenced, leading to harmful impacts on plant growth, development and overall yield of the plants. It has been noticed that exogenous application of phytohormones, that is, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, auxins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene and gibberellins can positively regulate the heavy metal toxicity in plants through the regulation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, nitrogen metabolism, proline metabolisms, transpiration rate, and cell division. Furthermore, it may also restrict the entry of heavy metals into the plant cells, which aids in the recovery of plant growth and productivity. Besides these, some defence molecules also assist the plant in dealing with heavy metal toxicity. Therefore, the present review aims to bridge the knowledge gap in this context and present outstanding discoveries related to plant life supportive processes during stressful conditions including phytohormones and heavy metal crosstalk along with suggestions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Shristy Gautam
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nidhi Kandhol
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università Statale di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Singh S, Anil AG, Kumar V, Kapoor D, Subramanian S, Singh J, Ramamurthy PC. Nitrates in the environment: A critical review of their distribution, sensing techniques, ecological effects and remediation. Chemosphere 2022; 287:131996. [PMID: 34455120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution is eminent in almost all the developing nations as a result of increased natural activities apart from anthropogenic pollution. The release of nitrates in more than critical quantities into the water bodies causes accretion impacts on living creatures, environmental receptors, and human vigour by accumulation through the food chain. Nitrates have recently acquired researchers' huge attention and extend their roots in environmental contamination of surface and groundwater systems. The presence of nitrate in high concentrations in surface and groundwater triggers several health problems, for instance, methemoglobinemia, diabetes, eruption of infectious disorders, harmfully influence aquatic organisms. Sensing nitrate is an alternate option for monitoring the distribution of nitrate in different water bodies. Here we review electrochemical, spectroscopic, and electrical modes of nitrate sensing. It is concluded that, among the various sensors discussed in this review, FET sensors are the most desirable choice. Their sensitivity, ease of use and scope for miniaturisation are exceptional. Advanced functional materials need to be designed to satiate the growing need for environmental monitoring. Different sources of nitrate contamination in ground and surface water can be estimated using different techniques such as nitrate isotopic composition, co contaminants, water tracers, and other specialized techniques. This review intends to explore the research work on remediation of nitrate from wastewater and soil using different processes such as reverse osmosis, chemical denitrification, biological denitrification, ion exchange, electrodialysis, and adsorption. Denitrification proves as a promising alternative over previously reported techniques in terms of their nitrate removal because of its high cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Amith G Anil
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, U.P. , India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - S Subramanian
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India.
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India.
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Jan S, Singh B, Bhardwaj R, Kapoor D, Kour J, Singh R, Alam P, Noureldeen A, Darwish H. Application of melatonin and PGPR alleviates thiamethoxam induced toxicity by regulating the TCA cycle in Brassica juncea L. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1348-1354. [PMID: 35280551 PMCID: PMC8913416 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamethoxam, a broad spectrum, neonicotinoid insecticide, is used on various crops including Brassica juncea L. to protect from intruding insects such as leaf-hoppers, aphids, thrips and white-flies. Exposure to thiamethoxam causes acute malady such as tumour development, cell apoptosis, liver damage and neurotoxicity. Melatonin is entailed in umpteen developmental processes of plants, including stress responses. The pleiotropic effects of melatonin in modulating plant growth validate it’s imperative contribution as multi-regulatory substance. Exiguous information is known about the role of Pseudomonas putida in improving plant growth under thiamethoxam stress. Taking these aspects into consideration the contemporary study investigates the role of melatonin and Pseudomonas putida strain MTCC 3315 in alleviating the thiamethoxam induced toxicity in B. juncea plant. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis uncloaked that thiamethoxam induced stress primarily affects the protein content of plant as compared to lipids, carbohydrates and cell wall components. Organic acid profiling of the treated samples carried-out by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), reported an upregulation in the level of organic acids, malic acid (110%), citric acid (170%), succinic acid (81%), fumaric acid (40%) and ascorbic acid (55%) in thiamethoxam treated plants compared to the investigational untreated plants. The melatonin treated seedlings grown under thiamethoxam stress, exhibit increased level of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and ascorbic acid by 81%, 0.94%, 11%, 21% and 6% respectively. Further, thiamethoxam stressed plants inoculated with Pseudomonas putida showed stupendous up-regulation by 161% (malic acid), by 14% (citric acid), by 33% (succinic acid), by 30% (fumaric acid), by 100% (oxalic acid) respectively. Lastly, the combinatorial application of melatonin and Pseudomonas putida resulted in prodigious upsurge of malic acid by 165%, succinic acid by 69%, fumaric acid by 42% respectively in contrast to distinct melatonin and Pseudomonas putida treatments. The accumulation of organic acids ascertains the defence against thiamethoxam stress and corresponds to meet the energy generation requirement to skirmish thiamethoxam mediated abiotic stress in Brassica juncea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Bhupender Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rattandeep Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Abed AB, Addi EHA, Ahmad K, Aliste M, Anupam K, Anupriya, Arias-Estevez M, Aydın B, Azelee NIW, Beerappa R, Bhalla B, Bhalla G, Bhardwaj S, Campillo-Cora C, Chauhan AK, Choudhary S, Ciğerci I, Dailin DJ, Dehghani MH, Dhanjal DS, Dhiman J, dos Santos JMN, Dotto GL, Duraisamy E, El-Enshasy HA, Fenoll J, Fernández-Calviño D, Garrido I, Goley PK, Hanapi SZ, Hashmi Z, Jatoi AS, Kapoor D, Karri RR, Kataria N, Kaur K, Keshu, Konuk M, Korcan SE, Kumar B, Kumar S, Kumar V, Kumar V, Lima É, Liman R, Malek RA, Manas NHA, Manikandan SK, Mazari SA, Medina-Orendain DA, Momina, Mubarak NM, Nair V, Navarro S, Ngah MF, Noronha FR, Nuñez-Delgado A, Ouakhssase A, Palaniyappan J, Pathak D, Pérez-Lucas G, Pundir AS, Rafatullah M, Ramamurthy PC, Rana AK, Rani M, Rodríguez-Narvaez OM, Santás-Miguel V, Sarip SHM, Saruchi, Shanker U, Sharma A, Shilli A, Singh J, Singh S, Tanjung FA, Upadhye VJ, Venugopal D, Villaseñor-Basulto DL, Wani AB, Wani AH, Yadav S, Yadav V. List of contributors. Pesticides Remediation Technologies from Water and Wastewater 2022:xiii-xv. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90893-1.00024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Singh S, Kumar V, Anil AG, Kapoor D, Khasnabis S, Shekar S, Pavithra N, Samuel J, Subramanian S, Singh J, Ramamurthy PC. Adsorption and detoxification of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater using nanomaterials: A review on mechanism, kinetics, valorization and circular economy. J Environ Manage 2021; 300:113569. [PMID: 34509810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics overuse, inappropriate conduct, and discharge have led to adverse effects on various ecosystems. The occurrence of antibiotics in surface and drinking water is a matter of global concern. It is responsible for multiple disorders, including disruption of endocrine hormones and high chronic toxicity. The hospitals, pharmaceutical industries, households, cattle farms, and aquaculture are the primary discharging sources of antibiotics into the environment. This review provides complete detail on applying different nanomaterials or nanoparticles for the efficient removal of antibiotics from the diverse ecosystem with a broader perspective. Efforts have been made to focus on the degradation pathways and mechanism of antibiotic degradation using nanomaterials. More light has been shed on applying nanostructures in photocatalysis, which would be an economical and efficient solution. The nanoscale material or nanoparticles have incredible potential for mineralizing pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous solutions at low cost, easy handling characteristics, and high efficacy. Furthermore, nanoparticles can absorb the pharmaceutical by-products and wastes at a minimum cost as they can be easily recycled. With the increasing number of research in this direction, the valorization of pharmaceutical wastes and by-products will continue to expand as we progress from old conventional approaches towards nanotechnology. The utilization of nanomaterials in pharmaceutical wastewater remediation is discussed with a major focus on valorization, energy generation, and minimization and its role in the circular economy creating sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Amith G Anil
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sutripto Khasnabis
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shweta Shekar
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - N Pavithra
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jastin Samuel
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - S Subramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Datta S, Ramamurthy PC, Anand U, Singh S, Singh A, Dhanjal DS, Dhaka V, Kumar S, Kapoor D, Nandy S, Kumar M, Koshy EP, Dey A, Proćków J, Singh J. Wonder or evil?: Multifaceted health hazards and health benefits of Cannabis sativa and its phytochemicals. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7290-7313. [PMID: 34867033 PMCID: PMC8626265 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa, widely known as 'Marijuana' poses a dilemma for being a blend of both good and bad medicinal effects. The historical use of Cannabis for both medicinal and recreational purposes suggests it to be a friendly plant. However, whether the misuse of Cannabis and the cannabinoids derived from it can hamper normal body physiology is a focus of ongoing research. On the one hand, there is enough evidence to suggest that misuse of marijuana can cause deleterious effects on various organs like the lungs, immune system, cardiovascular system, etc. and also influence fertility and cause teratogenic effects. However, on the other hand, marijuana has been found to offer a magical cure for anorexia, chronic pain, muscle spasticity, nausea, and disturbed sleep. Indeed, most recently, the United Nations has given its verdict in favour of Cannabis declaring it as a non-dangerous narcotic. This review provides insights into the various health effects of Cannabis and its specialized metabolites and indicates how wise steps can be taken to promote good use and prevent misuse of the metabolites derived from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College, Jalandhar, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Praveen C. Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Amritpal Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College and Hospital, Amphala, Jammu 180012, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vaishali Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Science, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ratu-Lohardaga Road Ranchi, Jharkhand 835205, India
| | - Eapen P. Koshy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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Kapoor D, Ramavat AS, Mehndiratta M, Agrawal A, Arora V, Goel A. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on ENT clinical practice and training: the resident's perspective. J Laryngol Otol 2021; 135:1-5. [PMID: 34612181 PMCID: PMC8523968 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121002814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arrival of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disrupted life suddenly and forcefully, and healthcare systems around the world are still struggling to come to terms with it. This paper reviews the impact of the pandemic on ENT practice and training. METHODS The present manuscript was developed as a narrative review to examine the role of otorhinolaryngologists in the management of the pandemic, and assess its impact on practice and training in the specialty. RESULTS Otorhinolaryngologists handle secretions of organs implicated in disease transmission, leaving them particularly vulnerable even while performing simple procedures. Although the pandemic increased skill expectations, it simultaneously reduced learning opportunities for trainees. In addition, attention to emergencies has been delayed. Further, the suspension of elective procedures has affected patients with malignancies. CONCLUSION While planning service resumption, provisions need to be made for protective equipment and training; improving teleconsultation services will help provide sustainable care during further waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kapoor
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A S Ramavat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - A Agrawal
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - V Arora
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A Goel
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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12
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Bhardwaj S, Kapoor D. Fascinating regulatory mechanism of silicon for alleviating drought stress in plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 166:1044-1053. [PMID: 34280603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants confront several environmental stresses that are crucial in defining plant productivity. Among these environmental stresses, drought stress is recognized as the foremost abiotic factor which affects the food security around the globe due to its negative impact on the plant development, and quality of plant products. Because of this, drought stress has gained an imperative appearance in the field of plant sciences in recent years. Silicon (Si), an agronomically essential mineral nutrient, is recognized highly advantageous in enhancing plant growth at various phases of plant life cycle under water deficit circumstances. Si has been considered extensively useful in mitigating harmful consequences of drought stress by enhancing root H2O absorption, regulating uptake of nutrients, reducing transpiration rate, improving photosynthetic activity, increment in the production of compatible solutes and by elevating plant antioxidant defense functioning. Si also known to improve plant endurance to limited water availability by inducing the functioning of various stress associated genes. To maximize the potential benefits and sustainable efficiency of Si in agriculture, it is of crucial importance to gain knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of how Si counteract stress conditions. Various findings suggested that Si increases the plant's immune system against drought stress, and application of Si is an important approach to shield plants from adverse stress conditions and soil nutrient depletion. This paper shows that Si has imperative and noteworthy impacts on improving plant tolerance to drought stress via maintaining cellular homeostasis. Present review mainly provides an insight into silicon role as beneficial element to alleviate drought stress in plants by regulating their morphological, physicochemical and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
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Singh S, Kumar V, Datta S, Dhanjal DS, Singh S, Kumar S, Kapoor D, Prasad R, Singh J. Physiological responses, tolerance, and remediation strategies in plants exposed to metalloids. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:40233-40248. [PMID: 32748354 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids are a subset of particular concern to risk assessors and toxicologists because of their well-documented potential hazards to plant system. Most of the metalloids are major environmental contaminants which affect crop productivity when present in high concentrations in soil. Metalloids are coupled with carrier proteins of the plasma membrane and translocated to various organs causing changes in key metabolic processes, damages cell biomolecules, and finally inhibit its growth. Phytoremediation-based approaches help in understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanisms for prerequisite recombinant genetic approaches. Recent advancements in proteomics and plant genomics help in understanding the role of transcription factors, metabolites, and genes in plant system which confers metal tolerance. The present review summarizes our current status of knowledge in this direction related to various physiological responses, detoxification mechanisms, and remediation strategies of metalloids in crop plants in relation to plant-metalloid tolerance. Further, the role of various transcription factors and miRNAs in conferring metal tolerance is also briefed. Hence, the present review mainly focused on the alterations in the physiological activities of plants due to metalloid toxicity and the various mechanisms which get activated inside the plants to mitigate their toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160059, India
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Satyender Singh
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160059, India
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Ramamurthy PC, Singh S, Kapoor D, Parihar P, Samuel J, Prasad R, Kumar A, Singh J. Microbial biotechnological approaches: renewable bioprocessing for the future energy systems. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 33653344 PMCID: PMC7923469 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The accelerating energy demands of the increasing global population and industrialization has become a matter of great concern all over the globe. In the present scenario, the world is witnessing a considerably huge energy crisis owing to the limited availability of conventional energy resources and rapid depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels. Therefore, there is a dire need to explore the alternative renewable fuels that can fulfil the energy requirements of the growing population and overcome the intimidating environmental issues like greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, air pollution etc. The use of microorganisms such as bacteria has captured significant interest in the recent era for the conversion of the chemical energy reserved in organic compounds into electrical energy. The versatility of the microorganisms to generate renewable energy fuels from multifarious biological and biomass substrates can abate these ominous concerns to a great extent. For instance, most of the microorganisms can easily transform the carbohydrates into alcohol. Establishing the microbial fuel technology as an alternative source for the generation of renewable energy sources can be a state of art technology owing to its reliability, high efficiency, cleanliness and production of minimally toxic or inclusively non-toxic byproducts. This review paper aims to highlight the key points and techniques used for the employment of bacteria to generate, biofuels and bioenergy, and their foremost benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jastin Samuel
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Waste Valorization Research Lab, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India.
| | - Alok Kumar
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Box-138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Singh S, Kumar V, Kapoor D, Dhanjal DS, Bhatia D, Jan S, Singh N, Romero R, Ramamurthy PC, Singh J. Detection and disinfection of COVID-19 virus in wastewater. Environ Chem Lett 2021; 19:1917-1933. [PMID: 33642964 PMCID: PMC7898499 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, appears as a major pandemic having adverse impact on public health and economic activities. Since viral replication in human enterocytes results in its faecal shedding, wastewater surveillance is an ideal, non-invasive, cost-effective and an early warning epidemiological approach to detect the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review techniques for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater, and disinfectants used to control viral spread. For detection, concentration of ribonucleic acid involves ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation and polyethylene glycol precipitation. Identification is done by reverse transcriptase amplification, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, helicase dependent amplification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification, high throughput screening and biosensor assays. Disinfectants include ultraviolet radiations, ozone, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorites and hydrogen peroxide. Wastewater surveillance data indicates viral presence within longer detection window, and provides transmission dynamics earlier than classical methods. This is particularly relevant for pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, MP 474009 India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Deepika Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Sadaf Jan
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Nasib Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh 173101 India
| | - Romina Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Medioambientales de Zonas Áridas (LIMZA), Depto. Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Iquique, Chile
| | - Praveen C. Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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16
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Sood M, Kapoor D, Kumar V, Kalia N, Bhardwaj R, Sidhu GPS, Sharma A. Mechanisms of Plant Defense under Pathogen Stress: A Review. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 22:376-395. [PMID: 33550968 DOI: 10.2174/1389203722666210125122827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Being sessile organisms, plants are persistently confronted by a diverse array of biotic agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, herbivores and nematodes. So, understanding the mechanism of host-pathogen interactions is essential for improving plant resistance to these against biotic factors. In this review, we have discussed various means and mechanisms by which pathogens influence the host plant defense. A virulent pathogen can reduce the growth and development of a plant, which eventually lowers its yield by multiple processes, like enhancement in cell death, as well as modification of plant architecture. This review also explains the various strategies used by plants to control pathogen caused diseases. These mainly include either resistance or tolerance by activating cell signaling pathways, which further regulate the synthesis and accumulation of several cellular products, such as phytohormones, enzymes, proteins and secondary metabolites. To minimize the influence of infection on their vigor, plants also exhibit immunity regardless of the heights of pathogen multiplication. The current review provides an important insight into the mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction, which is very significant for efficient disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sood
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway. Phagwara 144411, Punjab. India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway. Phagwara 144411, Punjab. India
| | - Vipul Kumar
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway Phagwara 144411, Punjab. India
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington D.C. United States
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005. India
| | | | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou, 311300. China
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17
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Jan S, Singh R, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P, Kapoor D. Plant growth regulators: a sustainable approach to combat pesticide toxicity. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:466. [PMID: 33088662 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical substances intended for preventing or controlling pests. These are toxic substances which contaminate soil, water bodies and vegetative crops. Excessive use of pesticides may cause destruction of biodiversity. In plants, pesticides lead to oxidative stress, inhibition of physiological and biochemical pathways, induce toxicity, impede photosynthesis and negatively affect yield of crops. Increased production of reactive oxygen species like superoxide radicals, O- 2 hydrogen peroxide, H2O2; singlet oxygen, O2; hydroxyl radical, OH-; and hydroperoxyl radical HO2-, causes damage to protein, lipid, carbohydrate and DNA within plants. Plant growth regulators (PGR) are recognized for promoting growth and development under optimal as well as stress conditions. PGR combat adverse effect by acting as chemical messenger and under complex regulation, enable plants to survive under stress conditions. PGR mediate various physiological and biochemical responses, thereby reducing pesticide-induced toxicity. Exogenous applications of PGRs, such as brassinosteroid, cytokinins, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, etc., mitigate pesticide toxicity by stimulating antioxidant defense system and render tolerance towards stress conditions. They provide resistance against pesticides by controlling production of reactive oxygen species, nutrient homeostasis, increase secondary metabolite production, and trigger antioxidant mechanisms. These phytohormones protect plants against oxidative damage by activating mitogen-stimulated protein kinase cascade. Current study is based on reported research work that has shown the effect of PGR in promoting plant growth subjected to pesticide stress. The present review covers the aspects of pesticidal response of plants and evaluates the contribution of PGRs in mitigating pesticide-induced stress and increasing the tolerance of plants. Further, the study suggests the use of PGRs as a tool in mitigating effects of pesticidal stress together with improved growth and development.
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Singh S, Kumar V, Gill JPK, Datta S, Singh S, Dhaka V, Kapoor D, Wani AB, Dhanjal DS, Kumar M, Harikumar SL, Singh J. Herbicide Glyphosate: Toxicity and Microbial Degradation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7519. [PMID: 33076575 PMCID: PMC7602795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a non-specific organophosphate pesticide, which finds widespread application in shielding crops against the weeds. Its high solubility in hydrophilic solvents, especially water and high mobility allows the rapid leaching of the glyphosate into the soil leading to contamination of groundwater and accumulation into the plant tissues, therefore intricating the elimination of the herbicides. Despite the widespread application, only a few percentages of the total applied glyphosate serve the actual purpose, dispensing the rest in the environment, thus resulting in reduced crop yields, low quality agricultural products, deteriorating soil fertility, contributing to water pollution, and consequently threatening human and animal life. This review gives an insight into the toxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate and current approaches to track and identify trace amounts of this agrochemical along with its biodegradability and possible remediating strategies. Efforts have also been made to summarize the biodegradation mechanisms and catabolic enzymes involved in glyphosate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160059, India
- Regional Advance Water Testing Laboratory, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar 160054, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, India;
| | | | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College Jalandhar, Jalandhar 144001, India;
| | - Satyender Singh
- Regional Advance Water Testing Laboratory, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar 160054, India;
| | - Vaishali Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Abdul Basit Wani
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, India; (M.K.); (S.L.H.)
| | - S. L. Harikumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, India; (M.K.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.S.); (V.D.); (D.S.D.)
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Sood M, Kapoor D, Kumar V, Sheteiwy MS, Ramakrishnan M, Landi M, Araniti F, Sharma A. Trichoderma: The "Secrets" of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9060762. [PMID: 32570799 PMCID: PMC7355703 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a low cost, effective and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in various patho-systems, have minimal impact on the soil equilibrium and do not impair useful organisms that contribute to the control of pathogens. This symbiotic association in plants leads to the acquisition of plant resistance to pathogens, improves developmental processes and yields and promotes absorption of nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency. Among other biocontrol mechanisms, antibiosis, competition and mycoparasitism are among the main features through which microorganisms, including Thrichoderma, react to the presence of other competitive pathogenic organisms, thereby preventing or obstructing their development. Stimulation of every process involves the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites like plant growth regulators, enzymes, siderophores, antibiotics, etc. This review summarizes the biological control activity exerted by Trichoderma spp. and sheds light on the recent progress in pinpointing the ecological significance of Trichoderma at the biochemical and molecular level in the rhizosphere as well as the benefits of symbiosis to the plant host in terms of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. From an applicative point of view, the evidence provided herein strongly supports the possibility to use Trichoderma as a safe, ecofriendly and effective biocontrol agent for different crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sood
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (M.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (M.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Vipul Kumar
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
| | - Mohamed S. Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (A.S.)
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Singh S, Kumar V, Kapoor D, Kumar S, Singh S, Dhanjal DS, Datta S, Samuel J, Dey P, Wang S, Prasad R, Singh J. Revealing on hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide signals co-ordination for plant growth under stress conditions. Physiol Plant 2020; 168:239-240. [PMID: 31264712 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the recent times, plants are facing certain types of environmental stresses, which give rise to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxides, superoxide anions and so on. These are required by the plants at low concentrations for signal transduction and at high concentrations, they repress plant root growth. Apart from the ROS activities, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) have major contributions in regulating growth and developmental processes in plants, as they also play key roles as signaling molecules and act as chief plant immune defense mechanisms against various biotic as well as abiotic stresses. H2 S and NO are the two pivotal gaseous messengers involved in growth, germination and improved tolerance in plants under stressed and non-stress conditions. H2 S and NO mediate cell signaling in plants as a response to several abiotic stresses like temperature, heavy metal exposure, water and salinity. They alter gene expression levels to induce the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and also trigger their interactions with each other. However, research has been limited to only cross adaptations and signal transductions. Understanding the change and mechanism of H2 S and NO mediated cell signaling will broaden our knowledge on the various biochemical changes that occur in plant cells related to different stresses. A clear understanding of these molecules in various environmental stresses would help to confer biotechnological applications to protect plants against abiotic stresses and to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, 160059, India
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, 474009, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, 160059, India
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Satyender Singh
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College, Jalandhar, 144005, India
| | - Jastin Samuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Waste Valorization Research Lab, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, India
| | - Shanquan Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ram Prasad
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
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Singh S, Kumar V, Kapoor D, Kumar S, Singh S, Dhanjal DS, Datta S, Samuel J, Dey P, Wang S, Prasad R, Singh J. Revealing on hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide signals co-ordination for plant growth under stress conditions. Physiol Plant 2020; 168:301-317. [PMID: 31264712 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the recent times, plants are facing certain types of environmental stresses, which give rise to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxides, superoxide anions and so on. These are required by the plants at low concentrations for signal transduction and at high concentrations, they repress plant root growth. Apart from the ROS activities, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) have major contributions in regulating growth and developmental processes in plants, as they also play key roles as signaling molecules and act as chief plant immune defense mechanisms against various biotic as well as abiotic stresses. H2 S and NO are the two pivotal gaseous messengers involved in growth, germination and improved tolerance in plants under stressed and non-stress conditions. H2 S and NO mediate cell signaling in plants as a response to several abiotic stresses like temperature, heavy metal exposure, water and salinity. They alter gene expression levels to induce the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and also trigger their interactions with each other. However, research has been limited to only cross adaptations and signal transductions. Understanding the change and mechanism of H2 S and NO mediated cell signaling will broaden our knowledge on the various biochemical changes that occur in plant cells related to different stresses. A clear understanding of these molecules in various environmental stresses would help to confer biotechnological applications to protect plants against abiotic stresses and to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, 160059, India
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, 474009, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, 160059, India
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Satyender Singh
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College, Jalandhar, 144005, India
| | - Jastin Samuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Waste Valorization Research Lab, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, India
| | - Shanquan Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ram Prasad
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
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Sharma A, Kapoor D, Wang J, Shahzad B, Kumar V, Bali AS, Jasrotia S, Zheng B, Yuan H, Yan D. Chromium Bioaccumulation and Its Impacts on Plants: An Overview. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E100. [PMID: 31941115 PMCID: PMC7020214 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an element naturally occurring in rocky soils and volcanic dust. It has been classified as a carcinogen agent according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Therefore, this metal needs an accurate understanding and thorough investigation in soil-plant systems. Due to its high solubility, Cr (VI) is regarded as a hazardous ion, which contaminates groundwater and can be transferred through the food chain. Cr also negatively impacts the growth of plants by impairing their essential metabolic processes. The toxic effects of Cr are correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress in plants. The current review summarizes the understanding of Cr toxicity in plants via discussing the possible mechanisms involved in its uptake, translocation and sub-cellular distribution, along with its interference with the other plant metabolic processes such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and plant defensive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- State Higher Education Department, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | | | - Shivam Jasrotia
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Kapoor D, Singh S, Kumar V, Romero R, Prasad R, Singh J. Antioxidant enzymes regulation in plants in reference to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kapoor D, Singh MP, Kaur S, Bhardwaj R, Zheng B, Sharma A. Modulation of the Functional Components of Growth, Photosynthesis, and Anti-Oxidant Stress Markers in Cadmium Exposed Brassica juncea L. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E260. [PMID: 31370349 PMCID: PMC6724130 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: Heavy metals (including Cadmium) are being entered into the environment through various sources and cause toxicity to plants. Response of Brassica juncea L. var. RLC-1 was evaluated after exposing them to different concentration of cadmium (Cd) for seven days. Seeds of B. juncea were treated with different concentrations of Cd like 0.2-0.6 mM for 7 days, allowing them to grow in Petri-dishes, and seedlings were examined for different physiological responses. Following exposure to Cd, in the seedlings of B. juncea, growth parameters (root and shoot length), stress markers (lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content), secondary metabolites, photosynthetic pigments, and ion analysis, were estimated along with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. We observed a significant reduction in root and shoot length after Cd treatment as compared to control seedlings. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents were increased accompanied by enhanced Cd uptake. Activities of antioxidative enzymes were also significantly altered following Cd exposure to the seedlings of B. juncea. Conclusively, we suggest that Cd exposure to the seedlings triggered an induction of several defense responses in B. juncea including major metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mahendra P Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Sharma A, Shahzad B, Kumar V, Kohli SK, Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Handa N, Kapoor D, Bhardwaj R, Zheng B. Phytohormones Regulate Accumulation of Osmolytes Under Abiotic Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E285. [PMID: 31319576 PMCID: PMC6680914 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants face a variety of abiotic stresses, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultimately obstruct normal growth and development of plants. To prevent cellular damage caused by oxidative stress, plants accumulate certain compatible solutes known as osmolytes to safeguard the cellular machinery. The most common osmolytes that play crucial role in osmoregulation are proline, glycine-betaine, polyamines, and sugars. These compounds stabilize the osmotic differences between surroundings of cell and the cytosol. Besides, they also protect the plant cells from oxidative stress by inhibiting the production of harmful ROS like hydroxyl ions, superoxide ions, hydrogen peroxide, and other free radicals. The accumulation of osmolytes is further modulated by phytohormones like abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, jasmonates, and salicylic acid. It is thus important to understand the mechanisms regulating the phytohormone-mediated accumulation of osmolytes in plants during abiotic stresses. In this review, we have discussed the underlying mechanisms of phytohormone-regulated osmolyte accumulation along with their various functions in plants under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar 144012, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Department of Environment Education, Government College of Commerce and Business Administration, Chandigarh 160047, India
| | | | - Neha Handa
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Singh S, Sarangi SS, Misra P, Kapoor D, Rani A, Rastogi N, Kumar S. EP-1484 Neoadjuvant CT followed by chemoradiation in locally advanced cancer cervix : feasibility and QOL study. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gupta Y, Kapoor D, Josyula LK, Praveen D, Naheed A, Desai AK, Pathmeswaran A, de Silva HA, Lombard CB, Shamsul Alam D, Prabhakaran D, Teede HJ, Billot L, Bhatla N, Joshi R, Zoungas S, Jan S, Patel A, Tandon N. A lifestyle intervention programme for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among South Asian women with gestational diabetes mellitus [LIVING study]: protocol for a randomized trial. Diabet Med 2019; 36:243-251. [PMID: 30368898 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to determine whether a resource- and culturally appropriate lifestyle intervention programme in South Asian countries, provided to women with gestational diabetes (GDM) after childbirth, will reduce the incidence of worsening of glycaemic status in a manner that is affordable, acceptable and scalable. METHODS Women with GDM (diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test using the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria) will be recruited from 16 hospitals in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Participants will undergo a repeat oral glucose tolerance test at 6 ± 3 months postpartum and those without Type 2 diabetes, a total sample size of 1414, will be randomly allocated to the intervention or usual care. The intervention will consist of four group sessions, 84 SMS or voice messages and review phone calls over the first year. Participants requiring intensification of the intervention will receive two additional individual sessions over the latter half of the first year. Median follow-up will be 2 years. The primary outcome is the proportion of women with a change in glycaemic category, using the American Diabetes Association criteria: (i) normal glucose tolerance to impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance, or Type 2 diabetes; or (ii) impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance to Type 2 diabetes. Process evaluation will explore barriers and facilitators of implementation of the intervention in each local context, while trial-based and modelled economic evaluations will assess cost-effectiveness. DISCUSSION The study will generate important new evidence about a potential strategy to address the long-term sequelae of GDM, a major and growing problem among women in South Asia. (Clinical Trials Registry of India No: CTRI/2017/06/008744; Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry No: SLCTR/2017/001; and ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier No: NCT03305939).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - L K Josyula
- The George Institute for Global Health, Hyderabad, India
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Praveen
- The George Institute for Global Health, Hyderabad, India
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Naheed
- Initiative for Noncommunicable Diseases, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A K Desai
- Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - A Pathmeswaran
- Department ofPublic Health, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - H A de Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - C B Lombard
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Shamsul Alam
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - H J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Billot
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Joshi
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Zoungas
- Division of Metabolism, Ageing and Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Jan
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Patel
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Shah SR, Chowdhury A, Mehta R, Kapoor D, Duseja A, Koshy A, Shukla A, Sood A, Madan K, Sud R, Nijhawan S, Pawan R, Prasad M, Kersey K, Jiang D, Svarovskaia E, Doehle B, Kanwar B, Subramanian M, Acharya SK, Sarin S. Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 3 infection in India. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:371-379. [PMID: 27933698 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Until 2014, pegylated interferon plus ribavirin was the recommended standard of care for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in India. This open-label phase 3b study, conducted across 14 sites in India between 31 March 2014 and 30 November 2015, evaluated the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin therapy among treatment-naïve patients with chronic genotype 1 or 3 HCV infection. A total of 117 patients with genotype 1 or 3 HCV infection were randomized 1:1 to receive sofosbuvir 400 mg and weight-based ribavirin (1000 or 1200 mg) daily for 16 or 24 weeks. Among those with genotype 1 infection, the primary efficacy endpoint of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) was reported in 90% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 73-98) and 96% (95% CI, 82-100) of patients following 16 and 24 weeks of treatment, respectively. For patients with genotype 3 infection, SVR12 rates were 100% (95% CI, 88-100) and 93% (95% CI, 78-99) after 16 and 24 weeks of therapy, respectively. Adverse events, most of which were mild or moderate in severity, occurred in 69% and 57% of patients receiving 16 and 24 weeks of treatment, respectively. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were asthenia, headache and cough. Only one patient in the 24-week group discontinued treatment with sofosbuvir during this study. Overall, sofosbuvir plus ribavirin therapy achieved SVR12 rates ≥90% and was well tolerated among treatment-naïve patients with chronic genotype 1 or 3 HCV infection in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Shah
- Global Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Chowdhury
- Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - R Mehta
- Nirmal Hospital Pvt Ltd, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - D Kapoor
- Global Hospitals, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A Duseja
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Koshy
- Lakeshore Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A Shukla
- Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Sood
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K Madan
- Artemis Hospitals, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - R Sud
- Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - S Nijhawan
- Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - R Pawan
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - M Prasad
- VGM Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Kersey
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - D Jiang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - B Doehle
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - B Kanwar
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - S K Acharya
- All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - S Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Gupta Y, Kapoor D, Desai A, Praveen D, Joshi R, Rozati R, Bhatla N, Prabhakaran D, Reddy P, Patel A, Tandon N. Conversion of gestational diabetes mellitus to future Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the predictive value of HbA 1c in an Indian cohort. Diabet Med 2017; 34:37-43. [PMID: 26926329 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the distribution of and risk factors for dysglycaemia (Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes) in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus in India. METHODS All women (n = 989) from two obstetric units in New Delhi and Hyderabad with a history of gestational diabetes were invited to participate, of whom 366 (37%) agreed. Sociodemographic, medical and anthropometric data were collected and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were carried out. RESULTS Within 5 years (median 14 months) of the pregnancy in which they were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, 263 (72%) women were dysglycaemic, including 119 (32%) and 144 (40%) with Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. A higher BMI [odds ratio 1.16 per 1-kg/m2 greater BMI (95% CI 1.10, 1.28)], presence of acanthosis nigricans [odds ratio 3.10, 95% CI (1.64, 5.87)], postpartum screening interval [odds ratio 1.02 per 1 month greater screening interval 95% CI (1.01, 1.04)] and age [odds ratio 1.10 per 1-year older age 95% CI (1.04, 1.16)] had a higher likelihood of having dysglycaemia. The American Diabetes Association-recommended threshold HbA1c value of ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) had a sensitivity and specificity of 81.4 and 90.7%, respectively, for determining the presence of Type 2 diabetes postpartum. CONCLUSION The high post-pregnancy conversion rates of gestational diabetes to diabetes reported in the present study reinforce the need for mandatory postpartum screening and identification of strategies for preventing progression to Type 2 diabetes. Use of the American Diabetes Association-recommended HbA1c threshold for diabetes may lead to significant under-diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Kapoor
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India
| | - A Desai
- Endocrine Unit-Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College, Goa, India
| | - D Praveen
- Division of Epidemiology, George Institute for Global Health, Hyderabad, India
| | - R Joshi
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Rozati
- Centre for Fertility Management-MHRT, Hyderabad, India
| | - N Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - P Reddy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and St Vincents Health Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Patel
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Singh S, Lamin J, Kapoor D, Rani A, Rastogi N, Kumar S. EP-1318: Presence of lymph nodes and survival in cancer cervix: audit from tertiary care hospital in India. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)32568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gopalakrishnan V, Singh R, Pradeep Y, Kapoor D, Rani AK, Pradhan S, Bhatia E, Yadav SB. Evaluation of the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in North Indians using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study groups (IADPSG) criteria. J Postgrad Med 2016; 61:155-8. [PMID: 26119433 PMCID: PMC4943402 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.159306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Currently, there is controversy regarding the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as per the newer International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. We studied the prevalence and associations of GDM in North Indians, diagnosed by the IADPSG criteria. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 332 pregnant women, predominantly belonging to lower and middle socioeconomic strata. The women were screened for GDM between 24 weeks and 28 weeks of gestation by 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and GDM diagnosed by the IADPSG criteria. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 41.9% [95% Confidence interval (CI) 36.6-47.2%]. Amongst the women diagnosed to have GDM, 91.4% had abnormal fasting plasma glucose (FPG), while 1-h and 2-h post-glucose (PG) levels were abnormal in 18.7% and 17.3% of women, respectively. No maternal factors were significantly associated with GDM. Birth weight of the neonates was similar in women with GDM as compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. In the entire group, fasting glucose levels were associated with the weight of the patient while 1-h PG levels were associated with weight, height, socioeconomic score, and parity. Conclusions: There is a very high prevalence rate of GDM using the IADPSG criteria in North Indian women of low and middle socioeconomic strata. Further studies are needed to assess the utility of applying these criteria in settings with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S B Yadav
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Krishna A, Singh R, Prasad N, Gupta A, Bhadauria D, Kaul A, Sharma RK, Kapoor D. Maternal, fetal and renal outcomes of pregnancy-associated acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. Indian J Nephrol 2015; 25:77-81. [PMID: 25838643 PMCID: PMC4379629 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.136890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated acute kidney injury (PAKI) is encountered frequently in developing countries. We evaluated the maternal, fetal and renal outcomes in women with PAKI who needed at least one session of dialysis. Of the total of 98 cases (mean age 28.85 ± 5.13 years; mean parity 2.65 ± 1.28) of PAKI, the most common cause of PAKI was postabortal sepsis. Eighteen patients died; those with oligoanuria, sepsis and central nervous system (CNS) involvement were at greater risk of mortality. The relative risk (RR) of neonatal mortality was lower after with full-term delivery (RR: 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.96, P = 0.02) compared to preterm delivery. Of the 80 surviving patients, 60 (75%) patients achieved complete recovery of renal function at the end of 3 months; and of the remaining 14 had presumed (n = 4) or, biopsy-proven (n = 10) acute patchy cortical necrosis. The RR of non-recovery of renal function was high (RR: 24.7, 95% CI: 3.4- 179.5) in patients who did not recover at 6 weeks. Of the 14 patients with cortical necrosis, 3 (21.42%) became independent of dialysis at 6 months. PAKI patients should be watched for dialysis independency for 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Krishna
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R. Singh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Queen Mary's Hospital, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N. Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D. Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. Kaul
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D. Kapoor
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Brooke JC, Walter DJ, Kapoor D, Marsh H, Muraleedharan V, Jones TH. Testosterone deficiency and severity of erectile dysfunction are independently associated with reduced quality of life in men with type 2 diabetes. Andrology 2014; 2:205-211. [PMID: 24574152 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) and low testosterone levels are common in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have investigated the impact of testosterone on quality of life (QoL) in diabetic men with ED. Men with ED were identified within a study cohort of 355 men with T2D. All subjects completed SF-36 health and Androgen Deficiency of the Aging Male questionnaires. Total tesosterone (TT), bioavailable testosterone (BT) and sex hormone-binding globulin levels of study participants were measured and free testosterone levels were calculated (cFT). A subgroup of 126 ED patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Linear regression analyses were corrected for age, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), smoking, alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Total SF-36 scores significantly and positively correlated with TT levels (r = 0.219, p = 0.001), BT levels (r = 0.199, p = 0.004) and cFT levels (r = 0.185, p = 0.007) among men with ED. These trends were strengthened after adjusting for age, BMI, HbA1c, smoking, alcohol consumption and CVD (TT r = 0.359, p = 0.015; BT r = 0.354, p = 0.024 and cFT r = 0.354, p = 0.024). IIEF-5 scores significantly correlated inversely with TT (r = 0.546, p = 0.001), BT (r = 0.506, p = 0.004) and cFT levels (r = 0.532, p = 0.001). A positive linear relationship was observed between IIEF-5 scores and total SF-36 score (r = 0.491, p = 0.003). Patients who reported having ED had an average SF-36 score of 9.1% less than those without ED (p < 0.001). Lower testosterone and greater severity of ED independently correlated with poorer physical function, social function, vitality and decline in general health domains of the SF-36. This is the first study to report that testosterone deficiency and severity of ED are both independently associated with reduced QoL in men with T2D. Furthermore, ED and low testosterone are markers of poor health which impact on an individual's self-perception of their health status.
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Kapoor D, Kaur S, Bhardwaj R. Physiological and biochemical changes in Brassica juncea plants under Cd-induced stress. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:726070. [PMID: 25133178 PMCID: PMC4123575 DOI: 10.1155/2014/726070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Plants of Brassica juncea L. var. RLC-1 were exposed for 30 days to different concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mM) of cadmium (Cd) to analyze the Cd uptake, H2O2 content, hormonal profiling, level of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid), gaseous exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate, vapour pressure deficit, intercellular CO2 concentration, and intrinsic mesophyll rate), antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, glutathione-S transferase, and glutathione peroxidase), antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, and total phenolic content), and polyphenols. Results of the present study revealed the increased H2O2 content and Cd uptake with increasing metal doses. UPLC analysis of plants showed the presence of various polyphenols. Gaseous exchange measurements were done by infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), which was negatively affected by metal treatment. In addition, LC/MS study showed the variation in the expression of plant hormones. Level of photosynthetic pigments and activities of antioxidative enzymes were altered significantly in response to metal treatment. In conclusion, the antioxidative defence system of plants got activated due to heavy metal stress, which protects the plants by scavenging free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Anand LK, Kapoor D, Goel N, Singh M. A reply. Anaesthesia 2014; 69:183-4. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Anand
- Government Medical College and Hospital; Chandigarh India
| | - D. Kapoor
- Government Medical College and Hospital; Chandigarh India
| | - N. Goel
- Government Medical College and Hospital; Chandigarh India
| | - M. Singh
- Government Medical College and Hospital; Chandigarh India
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Anand
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
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Obedian E, Olsson C, Schumer M, Lieberman E, Kapoor D, Zimberg S. The Risk of Urosepsis in Patients Undergoing Fiducial Marker Placement for Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) of Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gupta A, Kapoor D. Comparison of two point versus one point fixation techniques in submentotracheal intubation during craniomaxillofacial surgeries—a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
The quality of injection moulded products is determined by a complex coupling between polymer properties, mould geometry, and process dynamics. To increase the flexibility and consistency of the injection moulding process, a method was devised to simultaneously control cavity pressure at multiple locations in a mould. This control was achieved by installing multiple dynamic valve stems into the feed system of a hot runner manifold, each of which can control polymer flow. This system was used in a commercial application with four gates to deliver consistent product quality and provide manufacturing-stage flexibility. Across all eleven measured dimensions, the process capability index Cp increased between 50 and 400%. Also, multiple dimensions could be independently and simultaneously adjusted by locally controlling material shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Kapoor
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - D. Kazmer
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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André C, Kapoor D, Kaushal S, Anand LK, Dalai U. Letters to the Editor. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2012.10872877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coetzee André
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Faculty of Health Sciences University of Stellenbosch Tygerberg
| | - D Kapoor
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh India
| | - S Kaushal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh India
| | - LK Anand
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh India
| | - U Dalai
- Department of Surgery Government Medical College and Hospital Chandigarh, India
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Obedian E, Capece D, Kapoor D, Zimberg S. The Value of Repeat Cone Beam CT Scans in Image Guided Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Singh M, Kapoor D. Insertion of a temperature probe into the ProSeal® laryngeal mask airway drainage tube. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2011.10872790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sec 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - D Kapoor
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sec 32, Chandigarh, India
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Stanworth RD, Kapoor D, Channer KS, Jones TH. Dyslipidaemia is associated with testosterone, oestradiol and androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism in men with type 2 diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 74:624-30. [PMID: 21470285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.03969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a high prevalence of low testosterone and dyslipidaemia in men with type 2 diabetes. The androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism (AR CAG) affects receptor transcriptional activity (the shorter repeats the more sensitive AR) and is associated with androgenic parameters and obesity. This study describes the relationships between testosterone, AR CAG and serum lipids in men with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Cross-sectional study of men with type 2 diabetes in a District General Hospital Diabetes Centre. MEASUREMENTS Correlation between testosterone, AR CAG and serum lipids. RESULTS HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated with total testosterone (TT) (r = 0·251, P < 0·001), bioavailable testosterone (BT) (r = 0·19, P = 0·001), free testosterone (FT) (r = 0·165, P = 0·005) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (r = 0·147, P = 0·014). HDL-C did not correlate with oestradiol, but men with the lowest quartile of oestradiol had lower HDL-C compared to highest quartile (P = 0·046). Triglycerides correlated negatively with TT (r = -0·195, P = 0·001), BT (r = -0·148, P = 0·013) and SHBG (-0·14, P = 0·019) but not with FT or oestradiol. Total and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) correlated negatively with oestradiol (r = -0·121, P = 0·05) but not with testosterone or SHBG. One-way anova testing across four quartiles of AR CAG showed a trend to alteration in HDL-C across groups of AR CAG (P = 0·08). HDL-C was significantly higher in men with the longest AR CAG compared with the shortest (1·19 vs 1·08 mmol/l, P = 0·02). CONCLUSIONS Lower testosterone and oestradiol levels in men with diabetes are associated with an adverse lipid profile. Shorter AR CAG is associated with low HDL-C and testosterone. The paradox that HDL-C is associated with low testosterone levels and a more active AR may suggest divergent effect of testosterone on HDL-C via genomic vs nongenomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Stanworth
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK
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Abstract
A patient with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, portal hypertension with hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) was admitted in an obtunded condition. Attempts at delineating the aetiology of the SBP using conventional cultures as well as automated systems were not successful. The use of non-anionic surfactant agents such as Tween 80-incorporated blood agar and Triton X treatment of the specimens facilitated the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the ascitic fluid, which otherwise would have been concluded to represent culture-negative neutrocytic ascites. Thus, the use of the aforementioned agents could be explored in elucidating the aetiology of body cavity infections when conventional methods fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Iyer
- Global Hospitals, Lakdi-Ka-Pul, Hyderabad, India.
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Singh V, Rathore G, Kapoor D, Mishra BN, Lakra WS. Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish and pond water. Indian J Microbiol 2009; 48:453-8. [PMID: 23100746 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerolysin is a hemolytic toxin encoded by aerolysin gene (1482 bp) that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish. New speciesspecific primers were designed to amplify 326 bp conserved region of aerolysin gene for A. hydrophila. Twenty-five isolates of A. hydrophila recovered from fish and pond water were studied for detection of aerolysin gene. Aerolysin gene was detected in 85% of the isolates during the study. The designed primers were highly specific and showed no cross reactivity with Escherichia coli, Aeromonas veronii, Vibrio cholerae, Flavobacterium spp., Chyseobacterium spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity limit of primers for detection of aerolysin gene in the genomic DNA of A. hydrophila was 5 pg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Singh
- Aquatic Microbes Section, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 India
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Singh V, Somvanshi P, Rathore G, Kapoor D, Mishra BN. Gene cloning, expression and homology modeling of hemolysin gene from Aeromonas hydrophila. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 65:1-7. [PMID: 19136063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemolysin is a significant toxin secreted by Aeromonas hydrophila, which contributes pathogenicity of fish to humans. The complete ORF of hemolysin gene (1886 bp) was amplified using PCR. It was cloned in TA and sub-cloned in pET28a vector then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) codon plus RP cells expressed by the induction with 1.0 mM of IPTG. The expected size of expressed protein was 68.0 kDa estimated by migration in 12% SDS-PAGE. Anti-His monoclonal antibodies were used to substantiate the recombinant protein by Western blotting. The percent similarity between hemolysin of A. hydrophila with other hemolytic toxins revealed that the hemolysin/aerolysin/cytotoxin sequence varied from 99.35 to 50.40%. Homology modeling was used to construct 3-D structure of hemolysin of A. hydrophila with the known crystal 3-D structure (PDB: 1XEZ). This protein can be used for immunoassays and it is suitable for vaccine candidate against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Singh
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal ring road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, India.
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Rathore G, Kumar G, Sood N, Kapoor D, Lakra WS. Development of monoclonal antibodies to rohu [Labeo rohita] immunoglobulins for use in immunoassays. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2008; 25:761-774. [PMID: 18996722 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Serum immunoglobulins [Ig] of rohu [Labeo rohita] were purified by affinity chromatography using bovine serum albumin as capture ligand. The purified rohu Ig [r-Ig] had a molecular weight [MW] of 880 kDa as determined with gel filtration chromatography. The heavy chain of r-Ig had an MW of 77.8 kDa and that of light chain was 26.4 kDa in SDS-PAGE. Purified r-Ig was used for the production of two anti-rohu Ig monoclonal antibodies [D7 and H4] that belonged to subclass IgG2b and IgG1, respectively. Both the MAbs were specific to heavy chain of r-Ig as seen in Western blotting. Anti-rohu Ig MAb was used as a diagnostic reagent in ELISA and immunocytochemical assays to demonstrate its application for sero-surveillance and for immunological studies in rohu. A competitive ELISA was used to demonstrate the antigenic relatedness of r-Ig with whole serum Ig of other fish species. Cross reactivity of anti-rohu Ig MAb was observed with serum Ig of Catla catla and Cirrihinus mrigala. No reactivity to serum Ig of Ophiocephalus striatus and Clarias gariepinus was seen. Anti-rohu Ig MAb was found to be suitable for the detection of pathogen specific [Edwardsiella tarda] antibodies in serum of immunized rohu by an indirect ELISA. In flow cytometry using D7 MAb, the mean percentage [+/-SE] of Ig positive cells in spleen and blood of rohu were found to be 64.85% [+/-2.34] and 51.84% [+/-2.55] of gated lymphocytes, respectively. Similarly, D7 MAb also stained 52.84% [+/-1.30] and 10.5% of gated lymphocytes in kidney and thymus, respectively. The anti-rohu Ig MAbs also showed specific staining of Ig bearing cells in spleen sections by the indirect immunoperoxidase test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Rathore
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Stanworth RD, Kapoor D, Channer KS, Jones TH. Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism is associated with serum testosterone levels, obesity and serum leptin in men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 2008; 159:739-46. [PMID: 18805913 DOI: 10.1530/eje-08-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships between androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism length (AR CAG), sex hormones and clinical variables in men with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Men with DM2 are known to have a high prevalence of low testosterone levels. Studies suggest that testosterone replacement therapy may improve insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in men with DM2 and reduces central obesity and serum leptin. AR CAG is known to correlate negatively with AR sensitivity and positively with body fat, insulin levels, and leptin in healthy men. DESIGN Cross-sectional study set in a district general hospital diabetes centre. METHODS Sex hormones, AR CAG and symptoms of hypogonadism were assessed in 233 men with DM2. Associations were sought between these variables and others such as obesity, leptin, glycaemic control, and blood pressure. RESULTS Testosterone was negatively associated and AR CAG positively associated with obesity and leptin. The associations of AR CAG with leptin and obesity were independent of testosterone, estradiol, gonadotropins, and age. AR CAG was also independently associated with total, bioavailable and free testosterone, LH, waist circumference, body mass index, leptin, and systolic blood pressure. There was no association of AR CAG with sex hormone binding globulin, estradiol, HbA(1C) or the symptoms of hypogonadism. CONCLUSIONS The association of longer AR CAG with obesity and leptin suggests that shorter AR CAG may have an influence in maintaining healthy anthropomorphics and metabolism in men with DM2. Testosterone and LH levels are higher in men with longer AR CAG, probably reflecting reduced negative feedback through a less sensitive receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Stanworth
- Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Gawber Road, Barnsley S75 2EP, South Yorkshire, UK
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Kumar G, Rathore G, Sengupta U, Kapoor D, Lakra WS. Production of monoclonal antibodies specific to major outer membrane protein of Edwardsiella tarda. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 33:133-44. [PMID: 18804863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is an important cause for hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and gastro and extra-intestinal infections in humans. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of E. tarda ET-7, isolated from diseased snakehead (Ophiocephalus punctatus). Two stable hybridoma clones, designated as 3F10 and 2C3 MAbs were found to be potentially specific for E. tarda by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These MAbs recognized major immunogenic OMP band at 44kDa in Western blotting. Both MAbs belonged to the IgG1 isotype and recognized different epitopes of OMP as seen by competitive ELISA. These MAbs strongly reacted with all 17 isolates of E. tarda used in our study by indirect ELISA and Western blotting. Interestingly, no reaction was observed with the reference strain of E. tarda (MTCC 2400). The sensitivity of 3F10 MAb to detect whole cells of E. tarda was up to a level of 1x10(4)CFU/ml in indirect ELISA. No cross-reactivity of MAbs were seen with Escherichia coli, Salmonella arizonae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Flavobacterium ferrugineum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These MAbs could be used for specific detection of E. tarda infection in fish by immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhlesh Kumar
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kapoor D, Clarke S, Channer KS, Jones TH. Erectile dysfunction is associated with low bioactive testosterone levels and visceral adiposity in men with type 2 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 30:500-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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