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Awaleh MO, Boschetti T, Ahmed MM, Dabar OA, Robleh MA, Waberi MM, Ibrahim NH, Dirieh ES. Spatial distribution, geochemical processes of high-content fluoride and nitrate groundwater, and an associated probabilistic human health risk appraisal in the Republic of Djibouti. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:171968. [PMID: 38588734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the northern East African Rift System, the Republic of Djibouti relies exclusively on groundwater, with levels of fluoride (up to 14 mg/L) and nitrate (up to 256 mg/L) posing potential health risks. To address this, 362 samples were considered, including 133 shallow groundwater samples, along with new and previously published data dating back to 2012 on deep (88) and thermal (141) groundwater samples. To understand the enrichment mechanisms, dissolved anion and cation constituents, geochemical and thermodynamic tools, and stable isotope ratios, such as δ2H(H2O), δ18O(H2O), δ15N(NO3-), and δ18O(NO3-), were used. In particular, two activity diagrams (Mg2+ vs. Ca2+ and Na+ vs. Ca2+), focused on aqueous and solid fluoride species in an updated thermodynamic dataset of 15 fluoride-bearing minerals, are shown for the first time. The dataset offers new and valuable insights into fluoride geochemistry (classic thermodynamic datasets combined with geochemical codes rely solely on fluorapatite and fluorite F-bearing minerals). Activity diagrams and geochemical modeling indicate that mineral dissolution primarily drives groundwater fluoride enrichment in all water types, whereas the elevated nitrate levels may stem from organic fertilizers like animal manure, as indicated by nitrate isotopes and NO3-/Cl- vs Cl- diagrams. Despite the arid climate and 2H18O enrichment in shallow waters, evaporation seems to play a minor role. Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analysis were used to assess the health risks associated with elevated F- and NO3- concentrations. Mapping-related spatial distribution analysis identified regional contamination hotspots using a global Moran's I and GIS tools. One fluoride and three nitrate contamination hotspots were identified at a p-value of 0.05. Groundwater chemistry revealed that 88 % of groundwater being consumed exceeded the permissible levels for fluoride and nitrate, posing potential health risks, particularly for teenagers and children. This study pinpoints specific areas with excessive nitrate and fluoride contamination, highlighting a high non-carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Osman Awaleh
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti.
| | - Tiziano Boschetti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Moussa Mahdi Ahmed
- Observatoire Régional de la Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Climat (ORREC), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Omar Assowe Dabar
- Observatoire Régional de la Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Climat (ORREC), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Mohamed Abdillahi Robleh
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Moussa Mohamed Waberi
- Observatoire Régional de la Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Climat (ORREC), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Nasri Hassan Ibrahim
- Observatoire Régional de la Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Climat (ORREC), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Djibouti (CERD), Route de l'aéroport, 486, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
| | - Elias Said Dirieh
- Cabinet Médico-Chirurgical de Gachamaleh, Cité Gachamaleh, Lot 14, 493, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti; Data Pathology Laboratory, Cité Gachamaleh, Recette Centrale, 493, Djibouti-ville, Djibouti
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2
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Zhou C, Gao Q, Tigabu M, Wang S, Cao S, Yu Y. Continuous planting of Chinese fir monocultures significantly influences dissolved organic matter content and microbial assembly processes. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171943. [PMID: 38527546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Monoculture plantations in China, characterized by the continuous cultivation of a single species, pose challenges to timber accumulation and understory biodiversity, raising concerns about sustainability. This study investigated the impact of continuous monoculture plantings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata [Lamb.] Hook.) on soil properties, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and microorganisms over multiple generations. Soil samples from first to fourth-generation plantations were analyzed for basic chemical properties, DOM composition using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and microorganisms via high-throughput sequencing. Results revealed a significant decline in nitrate nitrogen content with successive rotations, accompanied by an increase in easily degradable compounds like carbohydrates, aliphatic/proteins, tannins, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen- (CHON) and Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur- (CHOS) containing compounds. However, the recalcitrant compounds, such as lignin and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAMs), condensed aromatics and Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen- (CHO) containing compounds decreased. Microorganism diversity, abundance, and structure decreased with successive plantations, affecting the ecological niche breadth of fungal communities. Bacterial communities were strongly influenced by DOM composition, particularly lignin/CRAMs and tannins. Continuous monoculture led to reduced soil nitrate, lignin/CRAMs, and compromised soil quality, altering chemical properties and DOM composition, influencing microbial community assembly. This shift increased easily degraded DOM, accelerating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, ultimately reducing soil carbon sequestration. From environmental point of view, the study emphasizes the importance of sustainable soil management practices in continuous monoculture systems. Particularly the findings offer valuable insights for addressing challenges associated with monoculture plantations and promoting long-term ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuifan Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianian Gao
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanchun Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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3
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Niu J, Wan Y, Ma Z, Wang Z, Dong W, Su X, Shen X, Zhai Y. Driving mechanism of different nutrient conditions on microbial mediated nitrate reduction in magnetite-present river infiltration zone. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171963. [PMID: 38537835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Significant research is focused on the ability of riparian zones to reduce groundwater nitrate contamination. Owing to the extremely high redox activity of nitrate, naturally existing electron donors, such as organic matter and iron minerals, are crucial in facilitating nitrate reduction in the riparian zone. Here, we examined the coexistence of magnetite, an iron mineral, and nitrate, a frequently observed coexisting system in sediments, to investigate nitrate reduction features at various C/N ratios and evaluate the response of microbial communities to these settings. Additionally, we aimed to use this information as a foundation for examining the effect of nutritional conditions on the nitrate reduction process in magnetite-present environments. These results emphasise the significance of organic matter in enabling dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and enhancing the connection between nitrate reduction and iron in sedimentary environments. In the later phases of nitrate reduction, nitrogen fixation was the prevailing process in low-carbon environments, whereas high-carbon environments tended to facilitate the breakdown of organic nitrogen. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed a robust association between C/N ratios and alterations in microbial community composition, providing insights into notable modifications in essential functioning microorganisms. The nitrogen-fixing bacterium Ralstonia is more abundant in ecosystems with scarce organic matter. In contrast, in settings rich in organic matter, microorganisms, such as Acinetobacter and Clostridia, which may produce ammonia, play crucial roles. Moreover, the population of iron bacteria grows in such an environment. Hence, this study proposes that C/N ratios can influence Fe(II)/Fe(III) conversions and simultaneously affect the process of nitrate reduction by shaping the composition of specific microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Niu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Wan
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Ma
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosi Su
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Mohammadpour A, Motamed-Jahromi M, Abbasi F, Hesaruiyeh FA, Shahsavani E, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Evaluation of the concentration and human health risk of nitrate and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in melons from a southern region of Iran: Identification of pollution sources. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171702. [PMID: 38508256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Decentralized agriculture, improper monitoring of cultivation conditions, and leaching of contaminants into lands led to the contamination of crops with various potentially toxic elements (PTEs). However, it is essential to know more about the profile level and associated risk of these contaminants and their origin, especially in high-water content crops. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of PTEs in melons of one of Iran's southern cities and follow that health risk assessment in the target population for the first time. Results of the present study confirmed that although the mean concentration of some metals was lower than the safety standard (Cr: 4.6 ± 2 mg/kg and Pb: 7.4 ± 4 mg/kg), their nutritional value was unfavorable regarding some micronutrients (Cu: 88.8 ± 27 mg/kg and Zn: 480 ± 275 mg/kg). The highest metal concentration in cantaloupe was iron (1706.47 mg/kg, p-value<0.05), and nitrate concentration in all melon types was 2.59-524.54 mg/kg (p-value<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) with K-means clustering and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model have shown that contaminants in melons originated from human activities. So, excessive use of agricultural fertilizers is a possible source of nitrates in melons, which have 93 % of factor loading values. The health risk assessment also showed that melons' carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk using the deterministic method was lower than the permissible limit (HQ < 1, ILCR 1 in the children group for the 95th percentile. Furthermore, the level of certainty in the carcinogenesis risk for children, women, and men was estimated at 86.48 %, 64.67 %, and 61.30 %, respectively. Also, the consumption rate was determined as the most important parameter in the sensitivity analysis. As a consequence, there is a potential health risk for Iranians after the consumption of melon due to PTEs and nitrate levels that also originated from anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Fariba Abbasi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Allahdinian Hesaruiyeh
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, P.O. Box 311-86145, Iran; Clinical Core Laboratory, Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital Complex, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shahsavani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University 191002, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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5
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Chen Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Liu X, Li Y, Liu R, Wang Y, Song Y, Li Y, Yin Y, Cai Y. Light-induced degradation of dimethylmercury in different natural waters. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134113. [PMID: 38565021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Photo-induced degradation of dimethylmercury (DMHg) is considered to be an important source for the generation of methylmercury (MMHg). However, studies on DMHg photodegradation are scarce, and it is even debatable about whether DMHg can be degraded in natural waters. Herein, we found that both DMHg and MMHg could be photodegraded in three natural waters collected from the Yellow River Delta, while in pure water only DMHg photodegradation occurred under visible light irradiation. The effects of different environmental factors on DMHg photodegradation were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated by density functional theory calculations and a series of control experiments. Our findings revealed that the DMHg degradation rate was higher in the tidal creek water compared to Yellow River, Yan Lake, and purified water. NO3-, NO2-, and DOM could promote the photodegradation with DOM and NO3- showing particularly strong positive effects. Different light sources were employed, and UV light was found to be more effective in DMHg photodegradation. Moreover, MMHg was detected during the photodegradation of DMHg, confirming that the photochemical demethylation of DMHg is a source of MMHg in sunlit water. This work may provide a novel mechanistic insight into the DMHg photodegradation in natural waters and enrich the study of the global biogeochemical cycle of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Lian Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xinning Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Yantai Port United General Wharf Company, Yantai 264012, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Runzeng Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Zheng CG, Pei HH, Zhang YS, Li JX, Liu FW, Qiao XX, Qin JM. [Effects of Biochar on Growth and Pollutant Accumulation of Lettuce in Soil Co-contaminated with Tetracycline and Copper]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2024; 45:3037-3046. [PMID: 38629564 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202306155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Through lettuce potting experiments, the effects of different types of biochar (apple branch, corn straw, and modified sorghum straw biochar with phosphoric acid modification) on lettuce growth under tetracycline (TC) and copper (Cu) co-pollution were investigated. The results showed that compared with those under CK, the addition of biochar treatment significantly increased the plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight of lettuce (P < 0.05). The addition of different biochars significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen, chlorophyll, and soluble protein content in lettuce physiological indicators to varying degrees, while also significantly decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde, proline content, and catalase activity. The effects of biochar on lettuce physiological indicators were consistent during both the seedling and mature stages. Compared with those in CK, the addition of biochar resulted in varying degrees of reduction in the TC and Cu contents of both the aboveground and underground parts of lettuce. The aboveground TC and Cu levels decreased by 2.49%-92.32% and 12.79%-36.47%, respectively. The underground TC and Cu levels decreased by 12.53%-55.64% and 22.41%-42.29%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that nitrate nitrogen, chlorophyll, and soluble protein content of lettuce were negatively correlated with TC content, whereas malondialdehyde, proline content, and catalase activity were positively correlated with TC content. The resistance genes of lettuce were positively correlated with TC content (P < 0.05). In general, modified biochar was found to be more effective in improving lettuce growth quality and reducing pollutant accumulation compared to unmodified biochar, with modified sorghum straw biochar showing the best remediation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ge Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Huan-Huan Pei
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Ya-Shan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Fen-Wu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Xing-Xing Qiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Jun-Mei Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
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Serra J, Marques-Dos-Santos C, Marinheiro J, Cruz S, Cameira MR, de Vries W, Dalgaard T, Hutchings NJ, Graversgaard M, Giannini-Kurina F, Lassaletta L, Sanz-Cobeña A, Quemada M, Aguilera E, Medinets S, Einarsson R, Garnier J. Assessing nitrate groundwater hotspots in Europe reveals an inadequate designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. Chemosphere 2024; 355:141830. [PMID: 38552801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring networks show that the European Union Nitrates Directive (ND) has had mixed success in reducing nitrate concentrations in groundwater. By combining machine learning and monitored nitrate concentrations (1992-2019), we estimate the total area of nitrate hotspots in Europe to be 401,000 km2, with 47% occurring outside of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs). We also found contrasting increasing or decreasing trends, varying per country and time periods. We estimate that only 5% of the 122,000 km2 of hotspots in 2019 will meet nitrate quality standards by 2040 and that these may be offset by the appearance of new hotspots. Our results reveal that the effectiveness of the ND is limited by both time-lags between the implementation of good practices and pollution reduction and an inadequate designation of NVZs. Substantial improvements in the designation and regulation of NVZs are necessary, as well as in the quality of monitoring stations in terms of spatial density and information available concerning sampling depth, if the objectives of EU legislation to protect groundwater are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Serra
- Forest Research Centre CEF, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - C Marques-Dos-Santos
- Forest Research Centre CEF, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Marinheiro
- Forest Research Centre CEF, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Cruz
- Forest Research Centre CEF, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M R Cameira
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - W de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T Dalgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - N J Hutchings
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Graversgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - F Giannini-Kurina
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - L Lassaletta
- CEIGRAM/ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sanz-Cobeña
- CEIGRAM/ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Quemada
- CEIGRAM/ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Aguilera
- CEIGRAM/ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Medinets
- Odesa National I. I. Mechnikov University, 7 Mayakovskogo lane, 65082, Odesa, Ukraine; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Edinburgh), Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, UK
| | - R Einarsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Garnier
- SU CNRS EPHE, UMR Metis, 7619, Paris, France
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8
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Garvey KA, Edwards MA, Blacker LS, Hecht CE, Parks JL, Patel AI. A Comprehensive Examination of the Contaminants in Drinking Water in Public Schools in California, 2017-2022. Public Health Rep 2024; 139:369-378. [PMID: 37667618 PMCID: PMC11037221 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231192471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reports of unsafe school drinking water in the United States highlight the importance of ensuring school water is safe for consumption. Our objectives were to describe (1) results from our recent school drinking water sampling of 5 common contaminants, (2) school-level factors associated with exceedances of various water quality standards, and (3) recommendations. METHODS We collected and analyzed drinking water samples from at least 3 sources in 83 schools from a representative sample of California public schools from 2017 through 2022. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine school-level factors associated with lead in drinking water exceedances at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation level (1 part per billion [ppb]) and state action-level exceedances of other contaminants (lead, copper, arsenic, nitrate, and hexavalent chromium). RESULTS No schools had state action-level violations for arsenic or nitrate; however, 4% had ≥1 tap that exceeded either the proposed 10 ppb action level for hexavalent chromium or the 1300 ppb action level for copper. Of first-draw lead samples, 4% of schools had ≥1 tap that exceeded the California action level of 15 ppb, 18% exceeded the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bottled water standard of 5 ppb, and 75% exceeded the AAP 1 ppb recommendation. After turning on the tap and flushing water for 45 seconds, 2%, 10%, and 33% of schools exceeded the same standards, respectively. We found no significant differences in demographic characteristics between schools with and without FDA or AAP exceedances. CONCLUSIONS Enforcing stricter lead action levels (<5 ppb) will markedly increase remediation costs. Continued sampling, testing, and remediation efforts are necessary to ensure drinking water meets safety standards in US schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Garvey
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Marc A. Edwards
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Christina E. Hecht
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Parks
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Anisha I. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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9
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Lin C, Du R, Guo F. Implication of self-organizing map, stable isotopes combined with MixSIAR model for accurate nitrogen control in a well-protected reservoir. Environ Res 2024; 248:118335. [PMID: 38295982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution and eutrophication in reservoirs is a global environmental geochemical concern. Occasional algal blooms still exist in reservoirs that have undergone pollution treatment. The lack of quantitative evidence of nitrogen sources and fate limits long-term stable ecological safety management. This work applied an approach integrated zonal mapping, stable isotopes (δ18OH2O, δ15Nnitrate, δ18Onitrate, and δ13C-DIC) and a Bayesian isotope model to analyze regional and seasonal differences in the contribution and sources of nitrogen to a well-protected reservoir. The values of δ18Onitrate and the positive relationship between NO3- and δ13C-DIC suggested that nitrification was the primary NO3- production in the rivers. While Denitrification was present at only a few sites. Results of the MixSIAR model coupled the NO3-/Cl- indicator revealed that the domestic sewage contributed high riverine NO3- loading (68.6 ± 10.6 %) in the dry season. In the wet season, the main nitrate sources of upper watershed were ammonia and carbamide fertilizers (47.5 % and 40.3 %). While the domestic sewage was still the major contributor of downstream region (a dense residential area), indicating possible problems with rainwater and sewage drainage networks. The results implied that the colleting and treatment of sewages were the priority in downstream region, and non-point source pollution control and wastewater treatment plant upgrading were essential to control nitrate pollution in the two upstream regions. These findings provide new insights into precise nitrogen pollution traceability and identification of treatment priorities in the sub-region, and promote the management other well-protected watershed in similar need of further nitrogen contamination control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ronghua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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10
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Modi A, Kasher R. Nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration using a polyacrylonitrile membrane with a hydrogel-stabilized ZIF-L layer. Water Res 2024; 254:121384. [PMID: 38479174 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of groundwater by nitrate from intensive agriculture is a serious problem globally. Excessive fertilization has led to nitrate contamination of the Coastal Aquifer in Israel. Here we report the efficient removal of nitrate from contaminated groundwater by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) using a specially tailored membrane. Graft polymerization with hydrophilic poly(methacrylate) and incorporation of porous zeolitic imidazole framework ZIF-L nanoparticles imparted antifouling properties to the membrane. The resulting modified membrane showed high water permeance (82.2 ± 1.7 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1). The efficiency of nitrate removal by MEUF was tested using cetylpyridinium chloride as a surfactant in nitrate-contaminated groundwater collected from the Coastal Aquifer of Israel. The membrane reduced nitrate levels from 40-70 to levels of 6.8-29.5 mg·L-1, depending on the groundwater composition; further reduction to 6.1-24.1 mg·L-1 with complete surfactant rejection was achieved via two-stage membrane filtration, which showed high permeate flux (between 32.1 ± 0.9 and 45.9 ± 0.6 L·m-2·h-1) at 2 bar. The membrane maintained stable separation performance during multiple cycles, and the flux recovery ratio was >93 %. Nitrate concentrations fell well below the acceptable limit for drinking water, allowing the treated water to be used without restriction. Overall, the membrane has the potential to allow efficient removal by MEUF of nitrate from contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Modi
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel; Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Roni Kasher
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
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11
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Zhang ZE, Li J, Zhang R, Tian C, Sun Z, Li T, Han M, Yu K, Zhang G. Increase in Agricultural-Derived NH x and Decrease in Coal Combustion-Derived NO x Result in Atmospheric Particulate N-NH 4+ Surpassing N-NO 3- in the South China Sea. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:6682-6692. [PMID: 38547356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic active nitrogen significantly influences marine primary productivity and contributes to eutrophication. The form of nitrogen deposition has been evolving annually, alongside changes in human activities. A disparity arises between observation results and simulation conclusions due to the limited field observation and research in the ocean. To address this gap, our study undertook three field cruises in the South China Sea in 2021, the largest marginal sea of China. The objective was to investigate the latest atmospheric particulate inorganic nitrogen deposition pattern and changes in nitrogen sources, employing nitrogen-stable isotopes of nitrate (δ15N-NO3-) and ammonia (δ15N-NH4+) linked to a mixing model. The findings reveal that the N-NH4+ deposition generally surpasses N-NO3- deposition, attributed to a decline in the level of NOx emission from coal combustion and an upswing in the level of NHx emission from agricultural sources. The disparity in deposition between N-NH4+ and N-NO3- intensifies from the coast to the offshore, establishing N-NH4+ as the primary contributor to oceanic nitrogen deposition, particularly in ocean background regions. Fertilizer (33 ± 21%) and livestock (20 ± 6%) emerge as the primary sources of N-NH4+. While coal combustion continues to be a significant contributor to marine atmospheric N-NO3-, its proportion has diminished to 22 (Northern Coast)-35% (background area) due to effective NOx emission controls by the countries surrounding the South China Sea, especially the Chinese Government. As coal combustion's contribution dwindles, the significance of vessel and marine biogenic emissions grows. The daytime higher atmospheric N-NO3- concentration and lower δ15N-NO3- compared with nighttime further underscore the substantial role of marine biogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-En Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, P. R. China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minwei Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, P. R. China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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12
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Elrys AS, Desoky ESM, Zhu Q, Liu L, Yun-Xing W, Wang C, Shuirong T, Yanzheng W, Meng L, Zhang J, Müller C. Climate controls on nitrate dynamics and gross nitrogen cycling response to nitrogen deposition in global forest soils. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:171006. [PMID: 38369137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the patterns and controls regulating nitrogen (N) transformation and its response to N enrichment is critical to re-evaluating soil N limitation or availability and its environmental consequences. Nevertheless, how climatic conditions affect nitrate dynamics and the response of gross N cycling rates to N enrichment in forest soils is still only rudimentarily known. Through collecting and analyzing 4426-single and 769-paired observations from 231 15N labeling studies, we found that nitrification capacity [the ratio of gross autotrophic nitrification (GAN) to gross N mineralization (GNM)] was significantly lower in tropical/subtropical (19%) than in temperate (68%) forest soils, mainly due to the higher GNM and lower GAN in tropical/subtropical regions resulting from low C/N ratio and high precipitation, respectively. However, nitrate retention capacity [the ratio of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) plus gross nitrate immobilization (INO3) to gross nitrification] was significantly higher in tropical/subtropical (86%) than in temperate (54%) forest soils, mainly due to the higher precipitation and GNM of tropical/subtropical regions, which stimulated DNRA and INO3. As a result, the ratio of GAN to ammonium immobilization (INH4) was significantly higher in temperate than in tropical/subtropical soils. Climatic rather than edaphic factors control heterotrophic nitrification rate (GHN) in forest soils. GHN significantly increased with increasing temperature in temperate regions and with decreasing precipitation in tropical/subtropical regions. In temperate forest soils, gross N transformation rates were insensitive to N enrichment. In tropical/subtropical forests, however, N enrichment significantly stimulated GNM, GAN and GAN to INH4 ratio, but inhibited INH4 and INO3 due to reduced microbial biomass and pH. We propose that temperate forest soils have higher nitrification capacity and lower nitrate retention capacity, implying a higher potential risk of N losses. However, tropical/subtropical forest systems shift from a conservative to a leaky N-cycling system in response to N enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Qilin Zhu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wan Yun-Xing
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tang Shuirong
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wu Yanzheng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Song Y, Su X, Che Q, Dong W, Wan Y, Lyu H, Song T. Nitrate denitrification rate response to temperature gradient change during river bank infiltration. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:151. [PMID: 38578445 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate attenuation during river bank infiltration is the key process for reducing nitrogen pollution. Temperature is considered to be an important factor affecting nitrate attenuation. However, the magnitude and mechanism of its impact have not been clear for a long time. In this study, the effects of temperature and temperature gradient on the nitrate denitrification rate were investigated via static batch and dynamic soil column simulation experiments. The results showed that temperature had a significant effect on the denitrification rate. Temperature effects were first observed in denitrifying bacteria. At low temperatures, the microorganism diversity was low, resulting in a lower denitrification rate constant. The static experimental results showed that the denitrification rate at 19 °C was approximately 2.4 times that at 10 °C. The dynamic soil column experiment established an exponential positive correlation between the nitrate denitrification decay kinetic constant and temperature. The affinity of denitrifying enzymes for nitrate in the reaction substrate was ordered as follows: decreasing temperature gradient (30 °C → 10 °C) > zero temperature gradient (10 °C) > increasing temperature gradient condition (0 °C → 10 °C). This study provides a theoretical basis for the biogeochemical processes underlying river bank infiltration, which will help aid in the development and utilization of groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xisosi Su
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qiaohui Che
- General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Geology, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Weihong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuyu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tiejun Song
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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14
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Alizadeh M, Noori R, Omidvar B, Nohegar A, Pistre S. Human health risk of nitrate in groundwater of Tehran-Karaj plain, Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7830. [PMID: 38570538 PMCID: PMC10991333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Groundwater pollution by nitrate has is a major concern in the Tehran-Karaj aquifer, Iran, where the wells provide up to 80% of the water supply for a population of more than 18 million-yet detailed human health risks associated with nitrate are unknown due to the lack of accessible data to adequately cover the aquifer in both place and time. Here, using a rich dataset measured annually in more than 75 wells, we mapped the non-carcinogenic risk of nitrate in the aquifer between 2007 and 2018, a window with the most extensive anthropogenic activities in this region. Nitrate concentration varied from ~ 6 to ~ 150 mg/L, around three times greater than the standard level for drinking use, i.e. 50 mg/L. Samples with a non-carcinogenic risk of nitrate, which mainly located in the eastern parts of the study region, threatened children's health, the most vulnerable age group, in almost all of the years during the study period. Our findings revealed that the number of samples with a positive risk of nitrate for adults decreased in the aquifer from 2007 (17 wells) to 2018 (6 wells). Although we hypothesized that unsustainable agricultural practices, the growing population, and increased industrial activities could have increased the nitrate level in the Tehran-Karaj aquifer, improved sanitation infrastructures helped to prevent the intensification of nitrate pollution in the aquifer during the study period. Our compilation of annually mapped non-carcinogenic risks of nitrate is beneficial for local authorities to understand the high-risk zones in the aquifer and for the formulation of policy actions to protect the human health of people who use groundwater for drinking and other purposes in this densely populated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Alizadeh
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Roohollah Noori
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran.
- Faculty of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439814151, Iran.
| | - Babak Omidvar
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nohegar
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran
| | - Severin Pistre
- HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090, Montpellier, France
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15
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García-Onsurbe MC, Caravaca M, Soto-Meca A, Vicente-Martínez Y. Quantification of Major Inorganic Contaminants in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon with a Large Dystrophic Crisis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2024; 112:55. [PMID: 38565721 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In August 2021, the Mar Menor, a saltwater lagoon located in the Region of Murcia (Spain), suffered a tragic environmental episode of dystrophic crisis and anoxia. The appearance of numerous dead fish in different areas of the lagoon over the course of days put all the authorities and the population of the area on alert. This paper shows a case study of what happened in the lagoon in terms of the presence of the most common inorganic pollutants. Measurements of the concentration of nitrogen species, phosphates and main heavy metals were carried out at different sampling sites in the Mar Menor from May 2021 to November 2022. Chemical analyses were carried out for each of the species under study. These analyses provide valuable information about the dystrophic crisis caused by a classic eutrophication process that began with the excessive nutrient input into the Mar Menor. Ion chromatography and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used as instrumentation for the quantification of these samples. The species whose values were greatly increased after the tragic episode described above were nitrates. The concentration varied significantly at the different sampling sites throughout the study. On the last sampling date, decreased concentrations of all the species were measured at each of the sampling sites, coinciding with the apparent good state of the lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C García-Onsurbe
- Campus Alfonso XIII, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 30203, Spain.
| | - M Caravaca
- Department of Science, University Centre of Defence at the Spanish Air Force Academy, C/Coronel López Peña s/n, Santiago de la Ribera, Murcia, 30720, Spain
| | - A Soto-Meca
- Department of Science, University Centre of Defence at the Spanish Air Force Academy, C/Coronel López Peña s/n, Santiago de la Ribera, Murcia, 30720, Spain
| | - Y Vicente-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Wang S, Wang Q, Zhang T, Liu S, Ho SSH, Tian J, Su H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wu T, Cao J. Elaborations of the influencing factors on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols in a heavily polluted urban area of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:406-417. [PMID: 38135406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, online water-soluble inorganic ions were detected to deduce the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosol in Xianyang, China during wintertime. The dominant inorganic ions of sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) (the sum of those is abbreviated as SNA) accounted for 17%, 21%, and 12% of PM2.5 mass, respectively. While the air quality deteriorated from excellent to poor grades, the precursor gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) of SO42- increased and then decreased with a fluctuation, while nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3), precursors of NO3- and NH4+, and SNA show increasing trends. Meteorological factors including boundary layer height (BLH), temperature, and wind speed also show decline trends, except relative humidity (RH). Meanwhile, the secondary conversion ratio shows a remarkable increasing trend, indicating that there was a strong secondary transformation. From the perspective of chemical mechanisms, RH is positively correlated with sulfur oxidation ratios (SOR), nitrogen oxidation ratios (NOR), and ammonia conversion ratios, representing that the increase of humidity could promote the generation of SNA. Notably, SOR and NOR were also positively related to the ammonia. On the one hand, the low wind speed and BLH led to the accumulation of pollutants. On the other hand, the increases of RH and ammonia promoted more formations of SNA and PM2.5. The results advance our identification of the contributors to the haze episodes and assist to establish more efficient emission controls in Xianyang, in addition to other cities with similar emission and geographical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hui Su
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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17
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Liu L, Zhai T, Zhang X. Multiple isotopes reveal the driving mechanism of high NO 3- level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of Yellow River. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:597-606. [PMID: 38135423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase of nitrate (NO3-) level in rivers is a hot issue in the world. However, the driving mechanism of high NO3- level in large rivers is still lacking, which has limited the use of river water and increased the cost of water treatment. In this study, multiple isotopes and source resolution models are applied to identify the driving mechanism of high NO3- level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of the Yellow River (LRYR). The major sources of NO3- were sewage and manure (SAM) in the low-flow season and soil nitrogen (SN) and chemical fertilizer (CF) in the high-flow season. Nitrification was the most key process of nitrogen cycling in the LRYR. However, in the biological removal processes, denitrification may not occur significantly. The temporal variation of contributions of NO3- sources were estimated by a source resolution model in the LRYR. The proportional contributions of SAM and CF to NO3- in the low-flow and high-flow season were 32.5%-52.3%, 44.2%-46.2% and 36.0%-40.8%, 54.9%-56.9%, respectively. The driving mechanisms of high NO3- level were unreasonable sewage discharge, intensity rainfall runoff, nitrification and lack of nitrate removal capacity. To control the NO3- concentration, targeted measures should be implemented to improve the capacity of sewage and wastewater treatment, increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and construct ecological engineering. This study deepens the understanding of the driving mechanism of high nitrate level and provides a vital reference for nitrogen pollution control in rivers to other area of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei 050061, China; Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Water Environmental Science, Hebei 050037, China; Hebei Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science, Hebei 050037, China
| | - Huiwei Wang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei 050061, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Geo-Environmental Monitoring Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Tianlun Zhai
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei 050061, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei 050061, China.
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18
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Ni PY, Zhang X, Ye M, He R. Biochar enhanced the stability of toluene removal in extracted groundwater amended with nitrate under microaerobic conditions. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141551. [PMID: 38430935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution caused by the leakage of petroleum and various fuel oils is becoming a serious environmental problem. In this study, carbon-based materials including biochar and hydrochar were applied to investigate the effects of additives on the toluene removal in the extracted groundwater under microaerobic condition with the addition of nitrate. Biochar and hydrochar could adsorb toluene, and thus enhance the toluene removal in the system. The toluene removal efficiency was 8.2-8.9 mg/(g·h) at the beginning, and then decreased with time in the control and the hydrochar treatment, while it remained the stable values in the biochar treatment, owing to the fact that biochar could reduce the NO3--N loss by partial denitrification. Moreover, biochar could prompt the growth of toluene-degrading bacteria including Thauera, Rhodococcus, Ideonella and Denitratisoma, which had the capability of denitrification. However, hydrochar could stimulated the growth of denitrifiers without toluene-degrading capacity including Candidatus Competibacter and Ferrovibrio, which might play a key role in the partial denitrification of the system. The findings are helpful for developing remediation techniques of contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Yue Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Min Ye
- Hangzhou Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Ruo He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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19
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Liu D, Song X, Hu J, Liu Y, Wang C, Henkin Z. Precipitation affects soil nitrogen fixation by regulating active diazotrophs and nitrate nitrogen in an alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2024; 919:170648. [PMID: 38336078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Soil asymbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation provides a critical N source to support plant growth in alpine grasslands, and precipitation change is expected to lead to shifts in soil asymbiotic N fixation. However, large gaps remain in understanding the response of soil asymbiotic N fixation to precipitation gradients. Here we simulated five precipitation gradients (10 % (0.1P), 50 % (0.5P), 70 % (0.7P), 100 % (1.0P) and 150 % (1.5P) of the natural precipitation) in an alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and examined the soil nitrogenase activity and N fixation rate for each gradient. Quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing were used to measure the abundance and community composition of the soil nifH DNA (total diazotrophs) and nifH RNA reverse transcription (active diazotrophs) gene. Our results showed that the soil diazotrophic abundance, diversity and nifH gene expression rate peaked under the 0.5P. Soil nitrogenase activity and N fixation rate varied in the range 0.032-0.073 nmol·C2H4·g-1·h-1 and 0.008-0.022 nmol·N2·g-1·h-1 respectively, being highest under the 0.5P. The 50 % precipitation reduction enhanced the gene expression rates of Azospirillum and Halorhodospira which were likely responsible for the high N fixation potential. The 0.5P treatment also possessed a larger and more complex active diazotrophic network than the other treatments, which facilitated the resistance of diazotrophic community to environmental stress and thus maintained a high N fixation potential. The active diazotrophic abundance had the largest positive effect on soil N fixation, while nitrate nitrogen had the largest negative effect. Together, our study suggested that appropriate precipitation reduction can enhance soil N fixation through promoting the abundance of the soil active diazotrophs and decreasing soil nitrate nitrogen, and soil active diazotrophs and nitrate nitrogen should be considered in predicting soil N inputs in the alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau under precipitation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Provincial key laboratory for alpine grassland conservation and utilization on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Provincial key laboratory for alpine grassland conservation and utilization on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Provincial key laboratory for alpine grassland conservation and utilization on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Provincial key laboratory for alpine grassland conservation and utilization on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changting Wang
- Provincial key laboratory for alpine grassland conservation and utilization on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zalmen Henkin
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Israel
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20
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Xiao HB, Zhou C, Hu XD, Wang J, Wang L, Huang JQ, Yang FT, Zhao JS, Shi ZH. Subsurface hydrological connectivity controls nitrate export flux in a hilly catchment. Water Res 2024; 253:121308. [PMID: 38377925 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Subsurface runoff represents the main pathway of nitrate transport in hilly catchments. The magnitude of nitrate export from a source area is closely related to subsurface hydrological connectivity, which refers to the linkage of separate regions of a catchment via subsurface runoff. However, understanding of how subsurface hydrological connectivity regulates catchment nitrate export remains insufficient. This study conducted high-frequency monitoring of shallow groundwater in a hilly catchment over 17 months. Subsurface hydrological connectivity of the catchment over 38 rainfall events was analyzed by combining topography-based upscaling of shallow groundwater and graph theory. Moreover, cross-correlation analysis was used to evaluate the time-series similarity between subsurface hydrological connectivity and nitrate flux during rainfall events. The results showed that the maximum subsurface hydrological connectivity during 32 out of 38 rainfall events was below 0.5. Although subsurface flow paths (i.e., the pathways of lateral subsurface runoff) exhibited clear dynamic extension and contraction during rainfall events, most areas in the catchment did not establish subsurface hydrological connectivity with the stream. The primary pattern of nitrate export was flushing (44.7%), followed by dilution (34.2%), and chemostatic behavior (21.1%). A threshold relationship between subsurface hydrological connectivity and nitrate flux was identified, with nitrate flux rapidly increasing after the subsurface connectivity strength exceeded 0.121. Moreover, the median value of cross-correlation coefficients reached 0.67, which indicated subsurface hydrological connectivity exerts a strong control on nitrate flux. However, this control effect is not constant and it increases with rainfall amount and intensity as a power function. The results of this study provide comprehensive insights into the subsurface hydrological control of catchment nitrate export.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, PR China
| | - C Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - X D Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - J Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - L Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - J Q Huang
- Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute of Yangtze River Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - F T Yang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - J S Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Z H Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, PR China.
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21
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Ardichvili AN, Loeuille N, Lata JC, Barot S. Nitrification Control by Plants and Preference for Ammonium versus Nitrate: Positive Feedbacks Increase Productivity but Undermine Resilience. Am Nat 2024; 203:E128-E141. [PMID: 38489776 DOI: 10.1086/729090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractSome plants, via their action on microorganisms, control soil nitrification (i.e., the transformation of ammonium into nitrate). We model how the covariation between plant control of nitrification and preference for ammonium versus nitrate impacts ecosystem properties such as productivity, nitrogen (N) losses, and overall resilience. We show that the control of nitrification can maximize productivity by minimizing total inorganic N losses. We initially predicted that plants with an ammonium preference should achieve the highest biomass when inhibiting nitrification, and conversely that plants preferring nitrate should achieve the highest biomass by stimulating nitrification. With a parametrization derived from the Lamto savanna (Ivory Coast), we find that productivity is maximal for plants that slightly prefer ammonium and inhibit nitrification. Such situations, however, lead to strong positive feedbacks that can cause abrupt shifts from a highly to a lowly productive ecosystem. The comparison with other parameter sets (Pawnee short-grass prairie [United States], intensively cultivated field, and a hypothetical parameter set in which ammonium is highly volatilized and nitrate inputs are high) shows that strategies yielding the highest biomass may be counterintuitive (i.e., preferring nitrate but inhibiting nitrification). We argue that the level of control yielding the highest productivity depends on ecosystem properties (quantity of N deposition, leaching rates, and baseline nitrification rates), not only preference. Finally, while contrasting N preferences offer, as expected, the possibility of coexistence through niche partitioning, we stress how control of nitrification can be framed as a niche construction process that adds an additional dimension to coexistence conditions.
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22
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Li H, Wu J, Qi Y, Su C, Jiang D, Zhou P. Identification of groundwater pollution sources and health risk assessment in the Fengshui mining area of Central Shandong, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:24412-24424. [PMID: 38441738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The crux of groundwater protection lies in a profound understanding of the sources of pollutants and their impacts on human health. This study selected 47 groundwater samples from the Fengshui mining area in central Shandong Province, China, employing advanced hydrogeochemical techniques, positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Monte Carlo analysis methods, aimed at unveiling the characteristics, origins, and health risks of water pollutants. The results indicated that the majority of samples exhibited a slightly alkaline nature. Notably, the concentrations of fluoride (F-) and nitrate (NO3-) exceeded China's safety standards in 40.43% and 23.40% of the samples, respectively. Moreover, a water quality index (WQI) below 50 was observed in approximately 68.09% of the sites, suggesting that the water quality in these areas generally met acceptable levels. However, regions with higher WQI values were predominantly located in the northern and southern parts of the mining area. PMF analysis revealed that regional geological and industrial activities were the primary factors affecting water quality, followed by mining discharges, fundamental geological and agricultural processes, and leachate enrichment activities. The health risk assessment highlighted the heightened sensitivity of the youth demographic to fluoride, with a more pronounced non-carcinogenic risk compared to nitrate, affecting about 31.89% of the youth population. Hence, it is imperative for local authorities and relevant departments to take prompt actions to remediate groundwater contamination to minimize public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- College of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- College of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yueming Qi
- College of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| | - Chengzhi Su
- College of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- College of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, China
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23
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Skalaban TG, Thompson DA, Madrigal JM, Blount BC, Espinosa MM, Kolpin DW, Deziel NC, Jones RR, Beane Freeman L, Hofmann JN, Ward MH. Nitrate exposure from drinking water and dietary sources among Iowa farmers using private wells. Sci Total Environ 2024; 919:170922. [PMID: 38350573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate levels are increasing in water resources across the United States and nitrate ingestion from drinking water has been associated with adverse health risks in epidemiologic studies at levels below the maximum contaminant level (MCL). In contrast, dietary nitrate ingestion has generally been associated with beneficial health effects. Few studies have characterized the contribution of both drinking water and dietary sources to nitrate exposure. The Agricultural Health Study is a prospective cohort of farmers and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. In 2018-2019, we assessed nitrate exposure for 47 farmers who used private wells for their drinking water and lived in 8 eastern Iowa counties where groundwater is vulnerable to nitrate contamination. Drinking water and dietary intakes were estimated using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment tool. We measured nitrate in tap water and estimated dietary nitrate from a database of food concentrations. Urinary nitrate was measured in first morning void samples in 2018-19 and in archived samples from 2010 to 2017 (minimum time between samples: 2 years; median: 7 years). We used linear regression to evaluate urinary nitrate concentrations in relation to total nitrate, and drinking water and dietary intakes separately. Overall, dietary nitrate contributed the most to total intake (median: 97 %; interquartile range [IQR]: 57-99 %). Among 15 participants (32 %) whose drinking water nitrate concentrations were at/above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MCL (10 mg/L NO3-N), median intake from water was 44 % (IQR: 26-72 %). Total nitrate intake was the strongest predictor of urinary nitrate concentrations (R2 = 0.53). Drinking water explained a similar proportion of the variation in nitrate excretion (R2 = 0.52) as diet (R2 = 0.47). Our findings demonstrate the importance of both dietary and drinking water intakes as determinants of nitrate excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Skalaban
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Darrin A Thompson
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Maria Morel Espinosa
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Laura Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America.
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24
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Saha G, Shen C, Duncan J, Cibin R. Performance evaluation of deep learning based stream nitrate concentration prediction model to fill stream nitrate data gaps at low-frequency nitrate monitoring basins. J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120721. [PMID: 38565027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and frequent nitrate estimates can provide valuable information on the nitrate transport dynamics. The study aimed to develop a data-driven modeling framework to estimate daily nitrate concentrations at low-frequency nitrate monitoring sites using the daily nitrate concentration and stream discharge information of a neighboring high-frequency nitrate monitoring site. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based deep learning (DL) modeling framework was developed to predict daily nitrate concentrations. The DL modeling framework performance was compared with two well-established statistical models, including LOADEST and WRTDS-Kalman, in three selected basins in Iowa, USA: Des Moines, Iowa, and Cedar River. The developed DL model performed well with NSE >0.70 and KGE >0.70 for 67% and 79% nitrate monitoring sites, respectively. DL and WRTDS-Kalman models performed better than the LOADEST in nitrate concentration and load estimation for all low-frequency sites. The average NSE performance of the DL model in daily nitrate estimation is 20% higher than that of the WRTDS-Kalman model at 18 out of 24 sites (75%). The WRTDS-Kalman model showed unrealistic fluctuations in the estimated daily nitrate time series when the model received limited observed nitrate data (less than 50) for simulation. The DL model indicated superior performance in winter months' nitrate prediction (60% of cases) compared to WRTDS-Kalman models (33% of cases). The DL model also better represented the exceedance days from the USEPA maximum contamination level (MCL). Both the DL and WRTDS-Kalman models demonstrated similar performance in annual stream nitrate load estimation, and estimated values are close to actual nitrate loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Saha
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Chaopeng Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Jonathan Duncan
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Raj Cibin
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
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25
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Tawfeeq JMS, Dişli E, Hamed MH. Hydrogeochemical evolution processes, groundwater quality, and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of nitrate-enriched groundwater to human health in different seasons in the Hawler (Erbil) and Bnaslawa Urbans, Iraq. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:26182-26203. [PMID: 38499922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The main objectives of this research are to assess groundwater, a primary source of drinking water in the urban areas of Hawler (Erbil) and Bnaslawa in northern Iraq, and the non-carcinogenic human health risks of nitrate contamination associated with drinking water quality. For this purpose, twenty-seven groundwater samples were collected from wells to assess the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality for both natural and anthropogenic purposes during the wet (May 2020) and dry (September 2020) seasons. During the wet and dry seasons, NO3- in groundwater ranged from 14.00 to 61.00 mg/L and 12.00 to 60.00 mg/L, with an average value of 35.70 and 29.00 mg/L, respectively. Approximately 25.92% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of the WHO (2011) drinking water standard. The ratios of NO3-/Na+ vs. Cl-/Na+ and SO42-/Na+ vs. NO3-/Na+ indicate the effect of agricultural activities and wastewater leaking from cesspools or septic tanks on the quality of groundwater during the wet and dry seasons. The entropy weighted water quality index method ranked 62.5% and 75% of the urban groundwater as not recommended for drinking, and the remaining samples are moderately suitable in both wet and dry seasons. The non-carcinogenic human health risk assessment displayed that during the wet and dry seasons, 29.6% and 25.9% of adults, 48% and 30% of children, and 48.1% and 29.6% of infants were exposed to increased concentrations of nitrate in groundwater. Due to high nitrate in drinking water, non-carcinogenic human health risk levels vary as infant > child > adults. The main findings obtained from this study can assist policymakers in better understanding the hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater in terms of drinking water safety, thereby facilitating the management of water resources to take the necessary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erkan Dişli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, 65080, Türkiye.
| | - Masoud Hussein Hamed
- Department of Geology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
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26
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Wang Y, Wang F, Fang Y, Fu Y, Chen N. Storm-induced nitrogen transport via surface runoff, interflow and groundwater in a pomelo agricultural watershed, southeast China. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123629. [PMID: 38395128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The storm-induced export of nitrogen (N) from agricultural watersheds significantly impacts aquatic ecosystems, yet the mechanisms of source supply and transport behind N species remain unclear. Here, we investigated the hydrological factors influencing the timing and magnitude of river N species export in a Chinese pomelo agricultural watershed. We conducted continuous observations of watershed hydrology, N species, and their isotopic ratios along a soil-groundwater-river continuum during two storm events in 2018-2019. We found the export flux of river NO3-N covers ∼80% of the total N flux during storms, and the rest for other N species. Our results further revealed distinct pathways and timing of N transport among different N species, especially between ammonium N (NH4-N) and nitrate N (NO3-N). NH4-N in stormflow predominantly originates from sewage and soil leachate, rapidly transported via surface runoff and interflow. Orchard fertilization (contributed 41-56% based on SIAR analysis) was the major source of river NO3-N, which underwent initial dilution via surface runoff and subsequently became enriched through delayed discharge of soil leachate and groundwater. The variations in timing and magnitude of N transport between storms can be explained by antecedent conditions such as precipitation, soil N pools, and storm size. These findings emphasize the hydrological controls on N export from agricultural watersheds, and highlight the variations in source supply and transport pathways among different N species. The insights gained from this study hold significance for managing agricultural pollution and restoring impaired aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Fenfang Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Nengwang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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27
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Yun L, Cheng C, Yang S, Wang Z, Li M, Zhong QE, Mao L, Liu S, Cheng X, Chen D, Yang F, Zhou Z. Mixing states and secondary formation processes of organic nitrogen-containing single particles in Guangzhou, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:62-73. [PMID: 38135425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) compounds play a significant role in the light absorption of brown carbon and the formation of organic aerosols, however, the mixing state, secondary formation processes, and influencing factors of ON compounds are still unclear. This paper reports on the mixing state of ON-containing particles based on measurements obtained using a high-performance single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in January 2020 in Guangzhou. The ON-containing particles accounted for 21% of the total detected single particles, and the particle count and number fraction of the ON-containing particles were two times higher at night than during the day. The prominent increase in the content of ON-containing particles with the enhancement of NOx mainly occurred at night, and accompanied by high relative humidity and nitrate, which were associated with heterogeneous reactions between organics and gaseous NOx and/or NO3 radical. The synchronous decreases in ON-containing particles and the mass absorption coefficient of water-soluble extracts at 365 nm in the afternoon may be associated with photo-bleaching of the ON species in the particles. In addition, the positive matrix factorization analysis found five factors dominated the formation processes of ON particles, and the nitrate factor (33%) mainly contributed to the production of ON particles at night. The results of this study provide unique insights into the mixing states and secondary formation processes of the ON-containing particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yun
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy Science, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Suxia Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zaihua Wang
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi En Zhong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liyuan Mao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sulin Liu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoya Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Duanying Chen
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Pudong New District, Shanghai 201200, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Pérez-Martín MÁ, Arora M, Estrela Monreal T. Defining the maximum nitrogen surplus in water management plans to recover nitrate polluted aquifers in Spain. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120770. [PMID: 38552537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution in aquifers is a global concern. Spain has developed a national strategy to recover nitrate polluted aquifers aligned with the European Union (EU) policies, specifically through the water planning under the EU Water Framework Directive. River basin management plans use PATRICAL model results to define the maximum nitrogen surplus in each polluted aquifer for the first time. The maximum nitrogen surplus allows to reach the good status in each aquifer and the model provides the number of years required. Around 30% of the aquifers in Spain is currently heavily polluted by nitrates. Model results show that 90% of these aquifers can be recovered in next 6-12 years by increasing nitrogen use efficiency and reducing nitrogen losses around 50%, which is in line with the EU Farm to Fork Strategy. The remaining aquifers require additional reductions to achieve the good status. In Spain this increase in nitrogen efficiency can be obtained with different measures including 30% reduction of current fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Teodoro Estrela Monreal
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Jucar River Basin Authority, Spain.
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Shi Z, She D, Pan Y, Abulaiti A, Huang Y, Liu R, Wang F, Xia Y, Shan J. Ditch level-dependent N removal capacity of denitrification and anammox in the drainage system of the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation district. Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:170314. [PMID: 38272083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Drainage networks, consisting of different levels of ditches, play a positive role in removing reactive nitrogen (N) via self-purification before drainage water returns to natural water bodies. However, relatively little is known about the N removal capacity of irrigation agricultural systems with different drainage ditch levels. In this study, we employed soil core incubation and soil slurry 15N paired tracer techniques to investigate the N removal rate (i.e., N2 flux), denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation district at various ditch levels, including field ditches (FD), paddy field ditches (PFD), lateral ditches (LD1 and LD2), branch ditches (BD1, BD2, BD3), and trunk ditches (TD). The results indicated that the N removal rate ranged from 44.7 to 165.22 nmol N g-1 h-1 in the ditches, in the following decreasing order: trunk ditches > branch ditches > paddy field ditches > lateral ditches > field ditches. This result suggested that the N removal rate in drainage ditches is determined by the ditch level. In addition, denitrification and anammox were the primary pathways for N removal in the ditches, contributing 68.40-76.64 % and 21.55-30.29 %, respectively, to the total N removal. In contrast, DNRA contributed only 0.82-2.15 % to the total nitrate reduction. The N removal rates were negatively correlated with soil EC and pH and were also constrained by the abundances of denitrification functional genes. Overall, our findings suggest that the ditch level should be considered when evaluating the N removal capacity of agricultural ditch systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Shi
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Dongli She
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation, Hohai University, Changzhou 213200, China.
| | - Yongchun Pan
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Alimu Abulaiti
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yihua Huang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Soil-Water Efficient Utilization, Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ruliang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agro-forestry Science, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agro-forestry Science, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Yongqiu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Shan
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Wang Y, Yu Y, Luo X, Tan Q, Fu Y, Zheng C, Wang D, Chen N. Prioritizing ecological restoration in hydrologically sensitive areas to improve groundwater quality. Water Res 2024; 252:121247. [PMID: 38335751 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Greening is the optimal way to mitigate climate change and water quality degradation caused by agricultural expansion and rapid urbanization. However, the ideal sites to plant trees or grass to achieve a win-win solution between the environment and the economy remain unknown. Here, we performed a nationwide survey on groundwater nutrients (nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved reactive phosphorus) and heavy metals (vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, strontium, molybdenum, cadmium, and lead) in China, and combined it with the global/national soil property database and machine learning (random forest) methods to explore the linkages between land use within hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) and groundwater quality from the perspective of hydrological connectivity. We found that HSAs occupy approximately 20 % of the total land area and are hotspots for transferring nutrients and heavy metals from the land surface to the saturated zone. In particular, the proportion of natural lands within HSAs significantly contributes 8.0 % of the variability in groundwater nutrients and heavy metals in China (p < 0.01), which is equivalent to their contribution (8.8 %) at the regional scale (radius = 4 km, area = 50 km2). Increasing the proportion of natural lands within HSAs improves groundwater quality, as indicated by the significant reduction in the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, manganese, arsenic, strontium, and molybdenum (p < 0.05). These new findings suggest that prioritizing ecological restoration in HSAs is conducive to achieving the harmony between the environment (improving groundwater quality) and economy (reducing investment in area management).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiqi Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute (SRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaoguo Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenhe Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Deli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Nengwang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Wang C, He T, Zhang M, Zheng C, Yang L, Yang L. Review of the mechanisms involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and the efficacies of these mechanisms in the environment. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123480. [PMID: 38325507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) is currently of great interest because it is an important method for recovering nitrogen from wastewater and offers many advantages, over other methods. A full understanding of DNRA requires the mechanisms, pathways, and functional microorganisms involved to be identified. The roles these pathways play and the effectiveness of DNRA in the environment are not well understood. The objectives of this review are to describe our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in DNRA from the substrate transfer perspective and to summarize the effects of DNRA in the environment. First, the mechanisms and pathways involved in DNRA are described in detail. Second, our understanding of DNRA by actinomycetes is reviewed and gaps in our understanding are identified. Finally, the effects of DNRA in the environment are assessed. This review will help in the development of future research into DNRA to promote the use of DNRA to treat wastewater and recover nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerong Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Tengxia He
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Manman Zhang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Chunxia Zheng
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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de Mars H, van Dijk G, van der Weijden B, Grootjans AP, Wołejko L, Farr G, Graham J, Oosterlynck P, Smolders AJP. The threat of groundwater pollution for petrifying springs; defining nutrient threshold values for an endangered bryophyte dominated habitat. Environ Pollut 2024; 344:123324. [PMID: 38237849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication by human activities is increasingly affecting ecosystem functioning and plant community composition. So far, studies mainly focus on the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, surface water eutrophication or soil nutrient accumulation. Groundwater pollution of spring habitats, however, has received much less attention, although numerous papers report groundwater nutrient enrichment worldwide. This study presents a survey on groundwater pollution (with emphasis on nitrate and phosphate) and bryophyte composition in 51 ambient petrifying springs in 5 NW European countries, which were compared to published data from 173 other sites in 11 European countries. The reviewed dataset covers a broad range of unpolluted to heavily polluted springs with nitrate concentrations between 0.7 and 3227 μmol l-1. Most petrifying springs in the rural lowlands of NW Europe were found to have elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate with the most polluted springs occurring in The Netherlands. The cover of individual characteristic bryophyte species significantly correlates with groundwater nutrient concentrations indicating that nutrient pollution of spring waters affects bryophyte composition. Palustriella commutata, Eucladium verticillatum and Brachythecium rivulare prefer unpolluted petrifying springs whereas Cratoneuron filicinum and Pellia endiviifolia show a much broader tolerance to groundwater pollution. In order to sustain at least the basic conditions for the typical bryophyte composition of petrifying springs habitats, threshold values of 288 μmol (18 mg l-1) NO3- l-1 and 0.42 μmol (0.04 mg l-1) ortho-PO43- l-1 were defined. Data analysis of the spring water composition indicates that the main source for nutrient and nutrient induced base cation enrichment are nitrate losses from intensively used agricultural fields. The anthropogenically induced but regionally different chemical processes in subsoil and aquifers can result in different levels of nutrient pollution in springs. Further regulations for nitrate and phosphate application are required to conserve and restore groundwater fed ecosystems in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans de Mars
- Royal HaskoningDHV, P.O. Box 302, 6199 ZN, Maastricht-Airport, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Dijk
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 6558, 6503 GB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bas van der Weijden
- Royal HaskoningDHV, P.O. Box 302, 6199 ZN, Maastricht-Airport, the Netherlands
| | - Ab P Grootjans
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environmental and Society, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 6, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lesław Wołejko
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Slowackiego 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Gareth Farr
- British Geological Survey, Cardiff University Main Building, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Graham
- 2 Cross Road, Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire, PE7 1LX, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Oosterlynck
- Instituut Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, Havenlaan 88, P.O. Box 73, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Alfons J P Smolders
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 6558, 6503 GB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Díaz-Fabregat B, Ramírez-Carmona W, Cannon ML, Monteiro DR, Pessan JP, Antoniali C. Are salivary NO 2- / NO 2- and NO 3- levels biomarkers for dental caries in children? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Nitric Oxide 2024; 144:11-19. [PMID: 38185241 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The literature is conflicting regarding salivary nitrite (NO2-)/nitrite and nitrate (NO2- and NO3-) levels in children affected by dental caries. For this reason, a systematic review to provide a consensus on the subject was propose, whose objective is to verify whether these molecules could be used as biomarkers in children with caries. A comprehensive search was performed on online database and eleven articles were included in the meta-analysis. The methodological quality of studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale recommended for case-control studies and by AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was used for the assessment of the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. The results showed lower NO2- levels in the group of children affected by dental caries (SMD = -2.18 [-3.24, -1.13], p < 0.01). Age, saliva collection and methods of evaluation can impact the results. When evaluating the severity of the condition, an important variation was detected in relation to the different evaluation methods NO2-/NO2- and NO3-. In conclusion, based on the evidence presented, the results suggest that NO2- levels in saliva are a possible biomarker of dental caries. Results should be evaluated with caution due to the very low evidence from primary studies. Longitudinal studies are necessary to strengthen this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Díaz-Fabregat
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Wilmer Ramírez-Carmona
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Mark Lloyd Cannon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Ann and Robert Lurie Childrens Hospital, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil; University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua José Bongiovani 700 Presidente Prudente, SP, Zip code 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil.
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Mendy A, Thorne PS. Long-term cancer and overall mortality associated with drinking water nitrate in the United States. Public Health 2024; 228:82-84. [PMID: 38330736 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nitrate is a probable carcinogen regulated in drinking water by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N; equivalent to 44.3 mg/L NO3). We aimed to determine the association of US drinking water nitrate levels with overall as well as cardiovascular, cancer, and other cause mortality. STUDY DESIGN This study used a population-based retrospective cohort design. METHODS We analyzed data from 2029 participants of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey followed for mortality until 2019 for a median of 13.9 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality associated with drinking water nitrate, adjusting for covariates that included socio-economic factors and pack-years of cigarette smoking. RESULTS Drinking water nitrate was detected in 50.8 % of the samples, had a median concentration of 0.77 mg/L NO3, and was above US EPA MCL in 0.4 % of participants. In adjusted analysis, drinking water nitrate detection was associated with 73 % higher cancer mortality (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.19-2.51), whereas a 10-fold increase in drinking water nitrate levels was associated with 69 % higher cancer mortality (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24-2.31) and 21 % higher overall mortality (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00-1.46). Drinking water nitrate below EPA MCL was still associated with higher cancer mortality (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.43 per 10-fold increase and HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.08-2.42 for detection). CONCLUSIONS Levels of drinking water nitrate may be an overlooked contributor to cancer mortality in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico Mendy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
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P Rayaroth M, Aubry O, Rabat H, Marilleau E, Gru Y, Hong D, Brault P. Degradation and transformation of carbamazepine in aqueous medium under non-thermal plasma oxidation process. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141449. [PMID: 38354864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a pharmaceutical compound detected in various water resources. With a view to removing this contaminant, the applicability of non-thermal plasma (NTP) oxidation process has been widely tested in recent years. This study utilized NTP from a dielectric barrier discharge reactor in the treatment of CBZ. NTP on the surface of a water sample containing 25 mg.L-1 of CBZ resulted in a removal efficiency of over 90% with an energy yield of 0.19 g. (kWh)-1. On the other hand, a rapid reduction in pH and an increase of conductivity and nitrate/nitrite ions concentration were observed during the degradation. The applied voltage amplitude significantly affected the removal efficiency and the energy yield as the degradation efficiency was 55%, 70%, and 72% respectively with an applied voltage of 8, 10, and 12 kV. The water matrices containing inorganic anions such as chloride and carbonate ions reduced the removal efficiency by scavenging the reactive species. Accordingly, a reduction in the removal efficiency was observed in tap water. The high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) results revealed that both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species take part in the reaction process which yields many intermediate products including aromatic nitro-products. This study concluded that NTP can effectively degrade CBZ in both pure and tap water, but special attention must be paid to changes in the water quality parameters (pH, conductivity, and nitrate/nitrite ions) and the fate of nitro products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India.
| | - Olivier Aubry
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Hervé Rabat
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Eloi Marilleau
- INOVALYS Vannes, 5 rue Denis Papin CS 20080, 56892 Saint-Avé, France
| | - Yvan Gru
- INOVALYS Nantes, Route de Gachet BP52703, 44327 Nantes Cedex 3, France; INOVALYS Tours, 3 rue de l'Aviation BP67357, 37073 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Dunpin Hong
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Pascal Brault
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
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Mohammadpour A, Gharehchahi E, Narooie MR, Derakhshan Z, Aliyeva A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Nitrates in industrial and traditional tomato paste from Arsenjan City, Iran: a health risk assessment study. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:1638-1651. [PMID: 37399369 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2231367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive approach was used for the first time to measure NO3- risk in tomato paste consumption; besides a robust deterministic and probabilistic method was used. The mean levels of NO3- in homemade and industrial tomato paste were 7.36 mg/kg and 43.69 mg/kg, respectively. The Monte Carlo simulation confirmed that these values were below normal levels (HQ less than 1). The sensitivity analysis displayed that FIR was the main factor affecting the risk to human health in both groups. The interactive plot demonstrated the interaction between C and IR for children and adults in both types of tomato paste. This study concludes that NO3- ingestion due to tomato paste consumption poses no significant health risk. However, considering that food and water constitute the primary sources of NO3- intake, continuous monitoring is recommended due to potential health risks associated with excessive NO3- consumption, including certain forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ehsan Gharehchahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Narooie
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aynura Aliyeva
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhou N, Guo H, Zhang Z, Wang H. The discrepant metabolic pathways of PAHs by facultative anaerobic bacteria under aerobic and nitrate-reducing conditions. Chemosphere 2024; 351:141230. [PMID: 38237784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Studies regarding the facultative anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were still in the initial stage. In this study, a facultative anaerobe which was identified as Bacillus Firmus and named as PheN7 was firstly isolated from the mixed petroleum-polluted soil samples using phenanthrene and nitrate as the solo carbon resource and electron acceptor under anaerobic condition. The degradation rates of PheN7 towards phenanthrene were detected as 33.17 μM/d, 13.81 μM/d and 7.11 μM/d at the initial phenanthrene concentration of 250.17 μM with oxygen, nitrate and sulfate as the electron acceptor, respectively. The metabolic pathways toward phenanthrene by PheN7 were deduced combining the metagenome analysis of PheN7 and intermediate metabolites of phenanthrene under aerobic and nitrate-reducing conditions. Dioxygenation and carboxylation were inferred as the initial activation reactions of phenanthrene degradation in these two pathways. This study highlighted the significance of facultative anaerobic bacteria in natural PAHs biodegradation, revealing the discrepant metabolic fates of PAHs by one solo bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haijiao Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zuotao Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Chen L, Huang F, Lu A, Liu F, Guan X, Wang J. Critical role of multiple antibiotics on the denitrification rate in groundwater: Field investigative proof. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:169785. [PMID: 38181946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The impact of antibiotics on denitrification has emerged as a significant topic; however, there is a dearth of mechanistic understanding regarding the effects of multiple antibiotics at the ng/L level on denitrification in groundwater. This study conducted five field samplings between March 2019 and July 2021 at two representative monitoring wells. The investigation utilized metagenomic sequencing to unveil the antibiotic mechanisms influencing denitrification. Results revealed the detection of 16 out of 64 antibiotics, with a maximum detection frequency and total concentration of 100 % and 187 ng/L, respectively. Additionally, both nitrate and total antibiotic concentrations exhibited a gradual decrease along the groundwater flow direction. Metagenomic evidence indicated that denitrification served as the dominant biogeochemical process controlling nitrate attenuation in groundwater. However, the denitrification capacity experienced significant inhibition in the presence of multiple antibiotics at the ng/L level. This inhibition was attributed to decreases in the relative abundance of dominant denitrifying bacteria (Candidatus_Scalindua, Herminiimonas and unclassified_p_Planctomycetes) and denitrifying functional genes (narGH, nirKS and norB), signifying the pressure exerted by antibiotics on denitrifying bacteria. The variation in antibiotic concentration (∆Cantibiotics) indicated a change in antibiotic pressure on denitrifying bacteria. A larger ∆Cantibiotics corresponded to a greater rebound in the relative abundance of denitrifying functional genes, resulting in a faster denitrification rate (Kdenitrification). Field observations further demonstrated a positive correlation between Kdenitrification and ∆Cantibiotics. Comparatively, a higher Kdenitrification observed at higher ∆Cantibiotics was primarily due to the enrichment of more nondominant denitrifying bacteria carrying key denitrifying functional genes. In conclusion, this study underscores that multiple antibiotics at the ng/L level in groundwater inhibited denitrification, and the degree of inhibition was closely related to ∆Cantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fuyang Huang
- School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Sciences and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Anhuai Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mineral Environmental Function, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijng 100871, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jialin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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Wang S, Chen J, Zhang S, Bai Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Tong H, Liu B, Hu J. Hydrogeochemical characterization, quality assessment, and potential nitrate health risk of shallow groundwater in Dongwen River Basin, North China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19363-19380. [PMID: 38355859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Assessing groundwater geochemical formation processes and pollution circumstances is significant for sustainable watershed management. In the present study, 58 shallow groundwater samples were taken from the Dongwen River Basin (DRB) to comprehensively assess the hydrochemical sources, groundwater quality status, and potential risks of NO3- to human health. Based on the Box and Whisker plot, the cation's concentration followed the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, while anions' mean levels were HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > Cl-. The NO3- level in groundwater samples fluctuated between 4.2 and 301.3 mg/L, with 67.2% of samples beyond the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (50 mg/L) for drinking. The Piper diagram indicated the hydrochemical type of groundwater and surface water were characterized as Ca·Mg-HCO3 type. Combining ionic ratio analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) results, agricultural activities contributed a significant effect on groundwater NO3-, with soil nitrogen input and manure/sewage inputs also potential sources. However, geogenic processes (e.g., carbonates and evaporite dissolution/precipitation) controlled other ion compositions in the study area. The groundwater samples with higher NO3- values were mainly found in river valley regions with intense anthropogenic activities. The entropy weight water quality index (EWQI) model identified that the groundwater quality rank ranged from excellent (70.7%) and good (25.9%) to medium (3.4%). However, the hazard quotient (HQ) used in the human health risk assessment (HHRA) model showed that above 91.38% of groundwater samples have a NO3- non-carcinogenic health risk for infants, 84.48% for children, 82.76% for females, and 72.41% for males. The findings of this study could provide a scientific basis for the rational development and usage of groundwater resources as well as for the preservation of the inhabitants' health in DRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Tong
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxiao Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Hu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
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Chen J, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang P, Gao H, Zhang B, Feng B. Nitrate input inhibited the biodegradation of erythromycin through affecting bacterial network modules and keystone species in lake sediments. J Environ Manage 2024; 355:120530. [PMID: 38452622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination and excessive nitrate loads are generally concurrent in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the effects of nitrate input on the biodegradation of antibiotics. In this study, the effects of nitrate input on microbial degradation of erythromycin, a typical macrolide antibiotic widely detected in lake sediments, were investigated. The results showed that the nitrate input significantly inhibited the erythromycin removal and such an inhibitory effect was strengthened with the increased input dosages. Nitrate input significantly increased sediment nitrite concentration, indicating enhanced denitrification under high nitrate pressure. Bacterial network module and keystone species analysis showed that nitrate input enriched the keystone species involved in denitrification (e.g., Simplicispira and Denitratisoma). In contrast, some potential erythromycin-degrading bacteria (e.g., Desulfatiglandales, Pseudomonadales, Nitrospira) were inhibited by nitrate input. The variations in dominant bacterial groups implied competition between denitrification and erythromycin degradation in response to nitrate input. Based on the partial least squares path modeling analysis, keystone species (total effect: 0.419) and bacterial module (total effect: 0.403) showed strong association with erythromycin removal percentage. This indicated that the inhibitory effect of nitrate input on erythromycin degradation was mainly explained by bacterial network modules and keystone species. These findings will help us to assess the bioremediation potential of antibiotic-contaminated sediments suffering from excessive nitrogen discharge concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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41
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Wu Y, Liu H, Zhang H, Li Q. Sources and seasonal variations of nitrate in the coastal multiple-aquifer groundwater of Beihai, southern China. J Contam Hydrol 2024; 262:104308. [PMID: 38301511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Elevated nitrate (NO3-) loadings in groundwater may cause health effects in drinking water and nutrient enrichment of aquatic ecosystems. To reveal the sources and seasonal variations of NO3- in the coastal groundwater of Beihai, southern China, we carried out hydrochemical and isotopic (δ15N-δ18O in NO3-) investigations in the summer and winter, respectively, concerning multiple-aquifer groundwater, rainwater, seawater, and surface water. The sources of the main elements present in the waters were interpreted by ionic ratios. NO3- sources were identified by combined use of the δ15N values and δ18O values or NO3-/Na+ molar ratios, with estimations of the proportional contribution by the Bayesian stable isotope mixing model. Denitrification was interpreted along the flow paths. The results show groundwater main elements are originated primarily from silicate weathering, and secondarily from anthropogenic inputs and carbonate dissolution. Its qualities are largely affected by seawater intrusion along the coastline. Because of difference in the predominant minerals within the aquifers and in scale and extent of seawater intrusion, the groundwater displays distinct ionic ratio characters. NO3- concentrations are up to 33.9 mg/L, with higher loadings in the plains relative to along the coastline. Soil N, domestic sewage, rainwater, chemical fertilizers, and algae are NO3- sources, with average proportional contributions of 0.255, 0.221, 0.207, 0.202, and 0.116, respectively. In relation to the winter, higher production of NO3- from nitrification of soil N- and algae-derived ammonium induced by higher temperatures in the summer accounts for increases in groundwater NO3- loadings. In the rural areas, elevated loadings of NO3- in the winter may be due to larger infiltration fractions of sewage. Seasonal variations of atmospheric NO3- deposition and farming may also cause the dynamics. Our results improve the understanding of sources and seasonal dynamics of NO3- in coastal groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, 430205 Wuhan, China.
| | - Huaiqing Liu
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, 430205 Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, 430205 Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, 430205 Wuhan, China.
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42
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Humphrey CP, Iverson G, Hvastkovs E, Pradhan S. Occurrence and concentrations of traditional and emerging contaminants in onsite wastewater systems and water supply wells in eastern North Carolina, USA. J Water Health 2024; 22:550-564. [PMID: 38557570 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) and private wells are commonly used in Eastern North Carolina, USA. Water from private wells is not required to be tested after the initial startup, and thus persons using these wells may experience negative health outcomes if their water is contaminated with waste-related pollutants including bacteria, nitrate or synthetic chemicals such as hexafluoropropylne oxide dimer acid and its ammonium salt (GenX). Water samples from 18 sites with OWTSs and groundwater wells were collected for nitrate, Escherichia coli (E. coli), total coliform, and GenX concentration analyses. Results showed that none of the 18 water supplies were positive for E. coli, nitrate concentrations were all below the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg L-1, and one well had 1 MPN 100 mL-1 of total coliform. However, GenX was detected in wastewater collected from all 18 septic tanks and 22% of the water supplies tested had concentrations that exceeded the health advisory levels for GenX. Water supplies with low concentrations of traditionally tested for pollutants (nitrate, E. coli) may still pose health risks due to elevated concentrations of emerging contaminants like GenX and thus more comprehensive and routine water testing is suggested for this and similar persistent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Humphrey
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, 200 Curry Ct, Greenville, NC 27858, USA E-mail:
| | - Guy Iverson
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, 200 Curry Ct, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Eli Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, 512 Science and Technology Bldg, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Sushama Pradhan
- NC Division of Public Health, Environmental Health Section, 5605 Six Forks Rd, 1632 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1632, USA
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43
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Dai Z, Zhang N, Ma X, Wang F, Peng J, Yang S, Cao W. Microplastics strengthen nitrogen retention by intensifying nitrogen limitation in mangrove ecosystem sediments. Environ Int 2024; 185:108546. [PMID: 38458116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove wetlands are hotspots of the global nitrogen (N) cycle and important sinks of microplastics (MPs) due to their ecotone location between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, the effects of MPs on N cycle processes in mangrove ecosystems are still poorly understood. Thus, the present study assessed the impacts by adding MPs to mangrove sediments in a microcosm incubation experiment. The results showed that MPs increased dissolved organic carbon and nitrate but reduced ammonium contents in the sediments. MPs increased C:N stoichiometric and N:C-acquiring enzymatic ratios, indicating an intensified N limitation in mangrove sediments following exposure of MPs. MPs decreased microbial community diversity and shifted sediment microbial communities from r- to K-strategists, consistent with the intensified N limitation. In response, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates increased while nitrous oxide (N2O) production reduced suggesting more efficient N utilization in MPs treatments. The MPs with heteroatoms such as PLA- and PVC-MPs, increased DNRA rates by 67.5-78.7%, exhibiting a stronger impact than PE-MPs. The variation partitioning analysis revealed that the variances of DNRA rates and N2O production could be attributed to synergistic effects of physicochemical properties, nutrient limitation, and microbial community in mangrove sediments. Overall, this study provides pertinent insights into the impacts of MPs as a new carbon source on nutrient limitation and N turnover in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Dai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiarui Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shengchang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Kim H, Kim HS, Kim J, Yang D, Lee K, Kim K, Ock G, Park HG, Robinson RS, Kim MS, Park GH, Kim JH, Kim YI, Lee MH, Park CU, Lim D, Han S, Kim TW. Identifying the external N and Hg inputs to the estuary ecosystem based on the triple isotopic information (δ 15N NO3, Δ 17O NO3 and δ 18O NO3). Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 200:116035. [PMID: 38271917 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The supply and sources of N and Hg in the Geum estuary of the western coast of Korea were evaluated. Triple isotope proxies (δ15NNO3, Δ17ONO3 and δ18ONO3) of NO3- combined with conservative mixing between river and ocean waters were used to improve isotope finger-printing methods. The N pool in the Geum estuary was primarily influenced by the Yellow Sea water, followed by riverine discharge (821 × 106 mol yr-1) and atmospheric deposition (51 × 106 mol yr-1). The influence of the river was found to be greater for Hg than that of the atmosphere. The triple isotope proxies revealed that the riverine and atmospheric inputs of N have been affected by septic wastes and fossil fuel burning, respectively. From the inner estuary towards offshore region, the influence of the river diminishes, thus increasing the relative impact of the atmosphere. Moreover, the isotope proxies showed a significant influence of N assimilation in February and nitrification in May.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haryun Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seon Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Yang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitack Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 21990 Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoung Ock
- National Institute of Ecology, Secheon 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Geun Park
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Rebecca S Robinson
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ha Park
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Un Park
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhongil Lim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 61005 Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Li C, Ren M, Cheng H, Chen X, Dong X, Wei X, Zheng L. Uptake patterns for nitrogen and sulfur source by aquatic plants and various nitrogen acquisition strategies: Affected by mining activities. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120436. [PMID: 38394872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the nitrogen and sulfur uptake strategies of mine plants, including sources and preferences for nitrogen forms (ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) vs nitrate nitrogen (NO3-)), is critical to improving understanding of the role of plants in participating in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and sulfur in mining areas. In this study, the stable N and S isotopic compositions of two species of aquatic plants (calamus and reed) in Linhuan mining area were analyzed to determine their absorption strategies for different nitrogen and sulfur sources. The results showed that river water was the largest source of nitrogen and sulfur, contributing 54.6% and 53.9% respectively. NO3- is the main form of nitrogen uptake by reed and calamus, followed by NH4+. In order to adapt to the change of nitrogen form in the environment, reed and calamus tend to absorb and utilize NO3- to maintain their absorption of nitrogen. Mine effluents from mining activities provide at least 12.9% and 16.8% sulfate to reed and calamus respectively, and the effect of mine effluents on reed and calamus sulfur has been underestimated. This study reveals the key factors controlling plant isotope composition, and the use of nitrogen and sulfur isotope composition of aquatic plants can help quantify the level of influence of mining activities, and understand the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen and sulfur in mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Mengxi Ren
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China; School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Chaohu Regional Collaborative Technology Service Center for Rural Revitalization, Chaohu, 238000, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China; School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xianglin Dong
- Geological Survey Division, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei, 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangping Wei
- Geological Survey Division, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei, 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Schilling KE, Streeter MT, Anderson E, Merryman J, Isenhart T, Arenas-Amado A, Theiling C. Potential for managing pool levels in a flood-control reservoir to increase nitrate-nitrogen load reductions. J Environ Qual 2024; 53:209-219. [PMID: 38263599 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Few strategies are available to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 -N) loads at larger landscape scales, but flood control reservoirs are known to reduce riverine loads. In this study, we evaluated the potential to increase nitrogen (N) loss at Lake Red Rock, a large reservoir located in central Iowa, by evaluating the inundation of sediments deposited at the reservoir inflow. Sediment samples were collected at 51 locations in the lower delta region and analyzed for particle size and nutrient content. Nitrogen loss rates in delta sediments were determined from laboratory assays, and satellite imagery was used to develop a rating curve to quantify land area inundated within the delta. The daily mass of NO3 -N reduced with delta inundation was estimated by applying the mean N 24-h loss rate (0.66 g N m2 day-1 ) by the area of inundation (m2 ). Results indicated that raising pool elevations to inundate more of the delta would result in greater N losses, ranging from 2 to 377 Mg per year. Potential N loss of 102 Mg achieved by increasing pool stage by 0.5 m would be equivalent to installing nearly 650 edge-of-field practices in the watershed. Although more work is needed to integrate with an existing environmental pool management plan, study results indicate that reservoir management could achieve N reductions at a novel landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elliot Anderson
- IIHR Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jennifer Merryman
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas Isenhart
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Antonio Arenas-Amado
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chuck Theiling
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA
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47
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Abduljaleel Y, Amiri M, Amen EM, Salem A, Ali ZF, Awd A, Lóczy D, Ghzal M. Enhancing groundwater vulnerability assessment for improved environmental management: addressing a critical environmental concern. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19185-19205. [PMID: 38358629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater serves as a primary water source for various purposes. Therefore, aquifer pollution poses a critical threat to human health and the environment. Identifying the aquifer's highly vulnerable areas to pollution is necessary to implement appropriate remedial measures, thus ensuring groundwater sustainability. This paper aims to enhance groundwater vulnerability assessment (GWVA) to manage aquifer quality effectively. The study focuses on the El Orjane Aquifer in the Moulouya basin, Morocco, which is facing significant degradation due to olive mill wastewater. Groundwater vulnerability maps (GVMs) were generated using the DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC, SINTACS, and SI methods. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed improvements, 24 piezometers were installed to measure nitrate concentrations, a common indicator of groundwater contamination. This study aimed to enhance GWVA by incorporating new layers, such as land use, and adjusting parameter rates based on a comprehensive sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate a significant increase in Pearson correlation values (PCV) between the produced GVMs and measured nitrate concentrations. For instance, the PCV for the DRASTIC method improved from 0.42 to 0.75 after adding the land use layer and adjusting parameter rates using the Wilcoxon method. These findings offer valuable insights for accurately assessing groundwater vulnerability in areas with similar hazards and hydrological conditions, particularly in semi-arid and arid regions. They contribute to improving groundwater and environmental management practices, ensuring the long-term sustainability of aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Abduljaleel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Mustapha Amiri
- Geomatics and Soil Management Laboratory, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Université Mohammed Premier Oujda, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ehab Mohammad Amen
- Natural Resources Research Center (NRRC), Tikrit University, Tikrit, 34001, Iraq
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Department of Applied Geology, Collage of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, 34001, Iraq
| | - Ali Salem
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61111, Egypt.
- Structural Diagnostics and Analysis Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pécs, Boszorkány ut 2, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Zana Fattah Ali
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Koya University, Koysinjaq, 46011, Iraq
- Doctoral School of Earth Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ahmed Awd
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Biological Engineering (FABE), The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA
- Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), Giza, 11925, Egypt
| | - Dénes Lóczy
- Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Ghzal
- Geomatics and Soil Management Laboratory, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Université Mohammed Premier Oujda, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
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48
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Dohleman FG, Barten TJ, Helland N, Dahal S, Arrizia JL, Gehlhar S, Foresman C, Mack D, Gillespie K, Archontoulis S, Castellano MJ. Benefitting productivity and the environment: Current and future maize cropping systems improve yield while reducing nitrate load. J Environ Qual 2024; 53:187-197. [PMID: 38263595 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Increases in cereal crop yield per area have increased global food security. "Era" studies compare historical and modern crop varieties in controlled experimental settings and are routinely used to understand how advances in crop genetics and management affect crop yield. However, to date, no era study has explored how advances in maize (Zea mays L.) genetics and management (i.e., cropping systems) have affected environmental outcomes. Here, we developed a cropping systems era study in Iowa, USA, to examine how yield and nitrate losses have changed from "Old" systems common in the 1990s to "Current" systems common in the 2010s, and to "Future" systems projected to be common in the 2030s. We tested the following hypothesis: If maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency have improved over previous decades, Current and Future maize systems will have benefits to water quality compared to Old systems. We show that not only have maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency (kg grain kg-1 N), on average, improved over time but also yield-scaled nitrate load + soil nitrate was reduced by 74% and 91% from Old to Current and Future systems, respectively. Continuing these trajectories of improvement will be critical to meet the needs of a growing and more affluent population while reducing deleterious effects of agricultural systems on ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Dohleman
- Climate, Agriculture and Partnership Solutions Consulting, LLC, Hawthorn Woods, Illinois, USA
| | - Ty J Barten
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Mack
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, USA
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49
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Beneduce L, Piergiacomo F, Limoni PP, Zuffianò LE, Polemio M. Microbial, chemical, and isotopic monitoring integrated approach to assess potential leachate contamination of groundwater in a karstic aquifer (Apulia, Italy). Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:312. [PMID: 38413499 PMCID: PMC10899417 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Landfill sites are subjected to long-term risks of accidental spill of leachate through the soil and consequential contamination of the groundwater. Wide areas surrounding the landfill can seriously be threatened with possible consequences to human health and the environment. Given the potential impact of different coexisting anthropic pollution sources (i.e., agriculture and cattle farming) on the same site, the perturbation of the groundwater quality may be due to multiple factors. Therefore, it is a challenging issue to correctly establish the pollution source of an aquifer where the landfill is not isolated from other anthropic land uses, especially in the case of a karstic coastal aquifer. The present study is aimed at setting in place an integrated environmental monitoring system that included microbiological, chemical, and isotope methods to evaluate potential groundwater pollution in a landfill district in the south of Italy located in Murgia karstic aquifer. Conventional (microbial plate count and physical-chemical analyses) and advanced methods (PCR-ARISA, isotope analysis of δ18O, δ2H, 3H, δ 13C, δ 15N-NO3-, and δ 18O-NO3-) were included in the study. Through data integration, it was possible to reconstruct a scenario in which agriculture and other human activities along with seawater intrusion in the karst aquifer were the main drivers of groundwater pollution at the monitored site. The microbiological, chemical, and isotope results confirmed the absence of leachate effects on groundwater quality, showing the decisive role of fertilizers as potential nitrate sources. The next goal will be to extend long-term integrated monitoring to other landfill districts, with different geological and hydrogeological characteristics and including different sources of pollution, to support the ecological restoration of landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beneduce
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25 -71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - F Piergiacomo
- Present address: Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - P P Limoni
- CNR-IRPI, National Research Council, Research Institute for Hydrogeological Protection, Via Amendola 122/I, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - L E Zuffianò
- CNR-IRPI, National Research Council, Research Institute for Hydrogeological Protection, Via Amendola 122/I, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - M Polemio
- CNR-IRPI, National Research Council, Research Institute for Hydrogeological Protection, Via Amendola 122/I, 70126, Bari, Italy
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50
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Kaown D, Lee E, Koh DC, Mayer B, Mahlknecht J, Park DK, Yoon YY, Kim RH, Lee KK. The effects of heavy rain on the fate of urban and agricultural pollutants in the riverside area around weirs using multi-isotope, microbial data and numerical simulation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169422. [PMID: 38135072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increase in extreme heavy rain due to climate change is a critical factor in the fate of urban and agricultural pollutants in aquatic system. Nutrients, including NO3- and PO43-, are transported with surface and seepage waters into rivers, lakes and aquifers and can eventually lead to algal blooms. δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, and δ11B combined with hydrogeochemical and microbial data for groundwater and surface water samples were interpreted to evaluate the fate of nutrients in a riverside area around weirs in Daegu, South Korea. Most of the ions showed similar concentrations in the groundwater samples before and after heavy rain while concentrations of major ions in surface water samples were diluted after heavy rain. However, Si, PO43-, Zn, Ce, La, Pb, Cu and a number of waterborne pathogens increased in surface water after heavy rain. The interpretation of δ11B, δ15N-NO3-, and δ18O-NO3- values using a Bayesian mixing model revealed that sewage and synthetic fertilizers were the main sources of contaminants in the groundwater and surface water samples. δ18O and SiO2 interpreted using the Bayesian mixing model indicated that the groundwater component in the surface water increased from 4.4 % to 17.9 % during the wet season. This is consistent with numerical simulation results indicating that the direct surface runoff and the groundwater baseflow contributions to the river system had also increased 6.4 times during the wet season. The increase in proteobacteria and decrease of actinobacteria in the surface water samples after heavy rain were also consistent with an increase of surface runoff and an increased groundwater component in the surface water. This study suggests that source apportionment based on chemical and multi-isotope data combined with numerical modeling approaches can be useful for identifying main hydrological and geochemical processes in riverside areas around weirs and can inform suggestions of effective methods for water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Earth, Energy and Environment, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Dong Kyu Park
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Yeol Yoon
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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